global village

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The Road to Somewhere: The Populist Revolt and the Future of Politics by David Goodhart

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, agricultural Revolution, assortative mating, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, borderless world, Boris Johnson, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, Brexit referendum, British Empire, call centre, capital controls, carbon footprint, central bank independence, centre right, coherent worldview, corporate governance, credit crunch, Crossrail, deglobalization, deindustrialization, Donald Trump, Downton Abbey, Edward Glaeser, en.wikipedia.org, Etonian, European colonialism, eurozone crisis, falling living standards, first-past-the-post, gender pay gap, gig economy, glass ceiling, global supply chain, global village, Great Leap Forward, illegal immigration, income inequality, informal economy, Jeremy Corbyn, job satisfaction, knowledge economy, labour market flexibility, low skilled workers, market friction, mass immigration, meritocracy, mittelstand, Neil Kinnock, New Urbanism, non-tariff barriers, North Sea oil, obamacare, old-boy network, open borders, open immigration, Peter Singer: altruism, post-industrial society, post-materialism, postnationalism / post nation state, race to the bottom, Richard Florida, Ronald Reagan, selection bias, shareholder value, Skype, Sloane Ranger, stem cell, the long tail, Thomas L Friedman, transaction costs, trickle-down economics, ultimatum game, upwardly mobile, wages for housework, white flight, women in the workforce, working poor, working-age population, World Values Survey

On a BBC Radio 4 Moral Maze programme in 2011 about development aid, the former Tory cabinet minister and born-again liberal Michael Portillo had this to say (though it is possible he was being a devil’s advocate): ‘It is quite old fashioned to think about national borders, and rather nationalistic to say we must help people who are only moderately poor because they happen to be in the UK rather than helping people who are desperately poor because they happen to be a long way away.’ Some leading business figures like Martin Sorrell and Peter Sutherland are also Global Villagers. Sutherland, the former chairman of Goldman Sachs and a former EU trade commissioner, told a House of Lords committee in 2012 that the EU should do its best to ‘undermine the homogeneity’ of its member states and that immigration was crucial for economic growth ‘however difficult it may be to explain to the citizens of those states.’18 The largest single group of committed Global Villagers is to be found in higher education and among creative people. As a visiting fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford for the past seven years I have lost count of the number of Global Villagers I have encountered, both among the international, post-graduate student body and among the other outside guests.

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As a visiting fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford for the past seven years I have lost count of the number of Global Villagers I have encountered, both among the international, post-graduate student body and among the other outside guests. And collectively the Global Villagers enrage the latent Somewhere authoritarians. In fact they doubly enrage them. First, by actively pursuing a policy agenda—freedom of movement in Europe for example—that is felt to weaken the national social and moral contracts upon which Somewheres rely. Second, by accusing those who object of ‘racism, pure and simple.’ Racism is a highly politicised and much abused term that has come to refer to any kind of racial stereotyping or mild partiality towards an in-group—in the Chris Huhne anecdote above, the in-group being all British citizens of whatever colour or creed.

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Though he also points out that the last few years has seen a slight increase in the number of Settlers and believes that the events of 2016 suggest that Pioneer liberalism has, for now, been ‘stopped in its tracks’. The Outriders Having established my two broad value tribes, I now want to pin-point the two sub-tribes—the Global Villagers (already identified) and the Hard Authoritarians—and take an educated guess at their size too. The following small groups I classify as Global Villagers. In the 2013 British Social Attitudes immigration survey 4.2 per cent of the public said that the number of immigrants should increase a little or a lot. In the same year just 3.1 per cent disagreed strongly with a statement designed to tease out how nationally or internationally minded people are: ‘Britain should follow its own interests even if this leads to conflicts with other nations.’

The 100 Best Vacations to Enrich Your Life by Pam Grout

Albert Einstein, An Inconvenient Truth, Apollo 11, Buckminster Fuller, clean water, complexity theory, David Brooks, East Village, Easter island, Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, global village, Golden Gate Park, if you build it, they will come, Maui Hawaii, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, off-the-grid, Ralph Nader, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ronald Reagan, San Francisco homelessness, SpaceShipOne, supervolcano, transcontinental railway, two and twenty, urban sprawl, Yogi Berra

Since 1988, Habitat for Humanity Mexico has been working to correct the disparity. In that time, its volunteers have built more than 16,000 homes in the country, many of these through the Global Village program. Global Village volunteers enlist for building blitzes lasting anywhere from one to three weeks in Habitat locations around the globe. They work hand in hand with future homeowners and volunteers from all backgrounds, races, and religions. Global Village volunteers often describe their experience as life changing. Every Global Village trip is different, but the itineraries are flexible and balanced between work, rest, and free time. Most teams spend a few days taking in the local culture.

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HOW TO GET IN TOUCH Wildlands Studies, 3 Mosswood Circle, Cazadero, CA 95421, 707-632-5665, www.unex.ucsb.edu/wildlands. HABITAT FOR HUMANITY’S GLOBAL VILLAGE PROGRAM build a house to replace a shack MEXICO & WORLDWIDE I’ve published books, been on national TV, flown planes, met celebrities, built a car from a kit, had my picture in the New York Times…but on my deathbed, I’m betting I’m going to say, “Boy, I wish I’d built more Habitat houses!” —Chris Goodrich, coleader of a Global Village build in Isla, Mexico 33 | Ever wonder why so many Mexicans try to cross the U.S. border? The average wage for more than half of Mexico’s working population is less than $30 a month.

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After several years at Koinonia Farm, a Christian community near Americus, Georgia, Fuller moved to Zaire and began building homes. He came back to the United States in 1976 and started Habitat, whose mission is to eliminate poverty housing worldwide. The cost of Global Village trips depends on the area visited, the Habitat for Humanity host affiliate, and the length of the trip. Usually a 7- to 14-day trip (including everything except airfare) runs between $1,000 and $2,200. The trip to Mexico described above cost $1,210. HOW TO GET IN TOUCH Global Village, Habitat for Humanity International, 121 Habitat Street, P.O. Box 369, Americus, GA 31709, 800-422-4828 or 229-924-6935, www.habitat.org. MOUNT VERNON LADIES’ ASSOCIATION excavate george washington’s whiskey distillery MOUNT VERNON, VIRGINIA I learn something new about George Washington every time I volunteer with the archaeologists!

The People vs Tech: How the Internet Is Killing Democracy (And How We Save It) by Jamie Bartlett

Ada Lovelace, Airbnb, AlphaGo, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Andrew Keen, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, basic income, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, Boris Johnson, Californian Ideology, Cambridge Analytica, central bank independence, Chelsea Manning, cloud computing, computer vision, creative destruction, cryptocurrency, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, data science, deep learning, DeepMind, disinformation, Dominic Cummings, Donald Trump, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, Filter Bubble, future of work, general purpose technology, gig economy, global village, Google bus, Hans Moravec, hive mind, Howard Rheingold, information retrieval, initial coin offering, Internet of things, Jeff Bezos, Jeremy Corbyn, job automation, John Gilmore, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, manufacturing employment, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Menlo Park, meta-analysis, mittelstand, move fast and break things, Network effects, Nicholas Carr, Nick Bostrom, off grid, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, payday loans, Peter Thiel, post-truth, prediction markets, QR code, ransomware, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, Renaissance Technologies, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robert Mercer, Ross Ulbricht, Sam Altman, Satoshi Nakamoto, Second Machine Age, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley ideology, Silicon Valley startup, smart cities, smart contracts, smart meter, Snapchat, Stanford prison experiment, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, strong AI, surveillance capitalism, TaskRabbit, tech worker, technological singularity, technoutopianism, Ted Kaczynski, TED Talk, the long tail, the medium is the message, the scientific method, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, theory of mind, too big to fail, ultimatum game, universal basic income, WikiLeaks, World Values Survey, Y Combinator, you are the product

BACK IN THE 1960S, celebrity academic and cryptic cultural theorist Marshall McLuhan predicted that the coming age of electronic communications would lead to the breakdown of established structures and identities. The consequence, he asserted, would be a return to a more tribal society. He famously called this seamless web of information ‘the global village’.1 People at the time celebrated this idea. McLuhan remains a distant inspiration for Silicon Valley, one of the original thought leaders and intellectual rock stars of the tech revolution. His ‘global village’ still bounces around Palo Alto, Mountain View and Cupertino. Every time you hear talk of ‘global communities’ and ‘total connectivity’, it’s the ghost of McLuhan. ‘By enabling people from diverse backgrounds to easily connect and share their ideas,’ wrote Mark Zuckerberg back in the early days of his site, ‘we can decrease world conflict in the short-term and the long-term.’

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Further, the publisher does not have any control over and does not assume any responsibility for author or third-party websites or their content. Version_1 Contents Also by Jamie Bartlett Title Page Copyright Introduction Chapter 1: The New Panopticon Chapter 2: The Global Village Chapter 3: Software Wars Chapter 4: Driverless Democracy Chapter 5: The Everything Monopoly Chapter 6: Crypto-Anarchy Conclusion: Say Hello to the Future Epilogue: 20 Ideas to Save Democracy Notes Acknowledgements Introduction IN THE COMING FEW years either tech will destroy democracy and the social order as we know it, or politics will stamp its authority over the digital world.

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To give in to this urge will be easy, but it would condemn us to losing the ability to think freely, and to spiral into ever greater reliance on machines. Given how bad we often are at making difficult decisions, the result might be a wiser and more humane society. But it would be difficult to call such a place a democracy. Chapter 2: The Global Village Why the Closer We Get, the Further We are Apart Information overload and connectivity has encouraged a divisive form of emotional tribal politics, in which loyalty to the group and anger outrank reason and compromise. While partisanship is necessary in politics, too much of it is dangerous.

The Vanishing Neighbor: The Transformation of American Community by Marc J. Dunkelman

Abraham Maslow, adjacent possible, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Albert Einstein, assortative mating, Berlin Wall, big-box store, blue-collar work, Bretton Woods, Broken windows theory, business cycle, call centre, clean water, company town, cuban missile crisis, dark matter, David Brooks, delayed gratification, different worldview, double helix, Downton Abbey, Dunbar number, Edward Jenner, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Filter Bubble, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, gentrification, George Santayana, Gini coefficient, glass ceiling, global supply chain, global village, helicopter parent, if you build it, they will come, impulse control, income inequality, invention of movable type, Jane Jacobs, Khyber Pass, Lewis Mumford, Louis Pasteur, Marshall McLuhan, McMansion, Nate Silver, obamacare, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, Peter Thiel, post-industrial society, Richard Florida, rolodex, Saturday Night Live, Silicon Valley, Skype, social intelligence, Stanford marshmallow experiment, Steve Jobs, TED Talk, telemarketer, The Chicago School, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the medium is the message, the strength of weak ties, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, urban decay, urban planning, Walter Mischel, War on Poverty, women in the workforce, World Values Survey, zero-sum game

Like its predecessors, Third Wave society, which was only beginning to come clear in the 1970s and 80s, engendered its own unique framework. The issue wasn’t just that new technologies like the fax machine were driving the information age, or that changes in the way we interacted were laying the foundation for what Marshall McLuhan had termed, contemporaneously, a “global village.”10 The Tofflers argued that certain distinctions that defined Second Wave society—between home and work, between consumer and producer, between mass production and specific customization—were being breached. Elements of life that simply looked like aberrations from the norm in Second Wave society, such as life in the suburbs, a broad aversion to naked bigotry, “no fault” divorces, longer lifespans—the list could go on—actually represented constituent parts of the Third Wave.

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The kinds of bonds once limited to local communities, the Canadian had argued, would eventually be shared across a much broader landscape.2 The advances described in The Lexus and the Olive Tree make clear that McLuhan got a lot of the story right. As Friedman later wrote (in a book coauthored with Michael Mandelbaum), “in the span of a decade, people in Boston, Bangkok, and Bangalore, Mumbai, Manhattan and Moscow, all became virtual next-door neighbors.”3 Or, to use McLuhan’s famous phrase, they had all become residents of the same “global village.”4 It’s quite a claim. After all, as Robin Dunbar’s research into the lives of hunting and gathering societies made clear, relationships nurtured in villages—what I’ve identified as “middle-ring” relationships—aren’t mere acquaintances. People who inhabit the same township know a fair amount about one another.

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In the United States [however], it has been ubiquitous . . . keeping an eye on a house when its family is away, loaning a tool or the proverbial cup of sugar, taking care of a neighbor’s children while the mother was running errands, or driving a neighbor to the doctor’s office.5 What McLuhan predicted (and what Friedman later seemed to confirm) was that the sort of intimacy that had once been reserved for middle-ring contacts—to members of a local village or, say, within a city neighborhood—would eventually apply to a much wider circle of connections. Their view of modern life suggested that townships would simply expand to encompass many more contacts—that the miracle of modern technology would create a global village where we would all be able to connect with a much wider circle of friends. But as Dunbar’s research suggests, that’s definitionally impossible. The cerebral cortex only allows us to keep an average of 150 middle-ring contacts at any given time; beyond that, we lose any true sense of familiarity.

Social Life of Information by John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid

Alvin Toffler, business process, Charles Babbage, Claude Shannon: information theory, computer age, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, cross-subsidies, disintermediation, double entry bookkeeping, Frank Gehry, frictionless, frictionless market, future of work, George Gilder, George Santayana, global village, Goodhart's law, Howard Rheingold, informal economy, information retrieval, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, junk bonds, Just-in-time delivery, Kenneth Arrow, Kevin Kelly, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, lateral thinking, loose coupling, Marshall McLuhan, medical malpractice, Michael Milken, moral hazard, Network effects, new economy, Productivity paradox, Robert Metcalfe, rolodex, Ronald Coase, scientific management, shareholder value, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Steve Jobs, Superbowl ad, tacit knowledge, Ted Nelson, telepresence, the medium is the message, The Nature of the Firm, the strength of weak ties, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, transaction costs, Turing test, Vannevar Bush, Y2K

The strong claim seems to be that in the new world individuals can hack it alone with only information by their side. Everyone will return to frontier life, living in the undifferentiated global village. 9 Here such things as organizations and institutions are only in the way. Consequently, where we see solutions to information's burdens, others see only burdens on information. Origin Myths From all the talk about electronic frontiers, global villages, and such things as electronic cottages, it's clear that the romanticism about the past we talked about earlier is not limited to technophobes.10 Villages and cottages, after all, are curious survivors from the old world applied to the conditions of the new.

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The political scientist Saskia Sassen traces the decline of the nation-state not to the sweeping effects of demassification and disaggregation, but to the rise of powerful, concentrated transnational corporations. The new economic citizen of the world, in her view, is not the individual in the global village but the transnational corporation, often so formidable that it has "power over individual governments." 31 The state and the firm, then, are not falling together along a single trajectory. At least in some areas, one is rising at the other's expense. In sum, as people try to plot the effects of technology, it's important to understand that information technologies represent powerful forces at work in society.

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Yet other enthusiasts see no reason to stop at the village. The cyberguru and writer John Perry Barlow extols the nomadic life. He was a rancher in Wyoming, but now believes his laptop and cell phone, allowing him to work anywhere, free him from ties to place or community, making him an itinerant citizen of the global village of cyberspace (for which he issued a declaration of independence).3 In all of this, there is a mixture of hype and hope with some quite reasonable forecasting. The idea that technology can untie the unwanted ties that bind people together seems to have been around since those ties started to bind.

The Internet Is Not the Answer by Andrew Keen

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Airbnb, AltaVista, Andrew Keen, AOL-Time Warner, augmented reality, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Berlin Wall, Big Tech, bitcoin, Black Swan, Bob Geldof, Boston Dynamics, Burning Man, Cass Sunstein, Charles Babbage, citizen journalism, Clayton Christensen, clean water, cloud computing, collective bargaining, Colonization of Mars, computer age, connected car, creative destruction, cuban missile crisis, data science, David Brooks, decentralized internet, DeepMind, digital capitalism, disintermediation, disruptive innovation, Donald Davies, Downton Abbey, Dr. Strangelove, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, Erik Brynjolfsson, fail fast, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Filter Bubble, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Frank Gehry, Frederick Winslow Taylor, frictionless, fulfillment center, full employment, future of work, gentrification, gig economy, global village, Google bus, Google Glasses, Hacker Ethic, happiness index / gross national happiness, holacracy, income inequality, index card, informal economy, information trail, Innovator's Dilemma, Internet of things, Isaac Newton, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John Perry Barlow, Joi Ito, Joseph Schumpeter, Julian Assange, Kevin Kelly, Kevin Roose, Kickstarter, Kiva Systems, Kodak vs Instagram, Lean Startup, libertarian paternalism, lifelogging, Lyft, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Martin Wolf, Mary Meeker, Metcalfe’s law, military-industrial complex, move fast and break things, Nate Silver, Neil Armstrong, Nelson Mandela, Network effects, new economy, Nicholas Carr, nonsequential writing, Norbert Wiener, Norman Mailer, Occupy movement, packet switching, PageRank, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Patri Friedman, Paul Graham, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer rental, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, Potemkin village, power law, precariat, pre–internet, printed gun, Project Xanadu, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, reality distortion field, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robert Metcalfe, Robert Solow, San Francisco homelessness, scientific management, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley ideology, Skype, smart cities, Snapchat, social web, South of Market, San Francisco, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, subscription business, TaskRabbit, tech bro, tech worker, TechCrunch disrupt, Ted Nelson, telemarketer, The future is already here, The Future of Employment, the long tail, the medium is the message, the new new thing, Thomas L Friedman, Travis Kalanick, Twitter Arab Spring, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, Uber for X, uber lyft, urban planning, Vannevar Bush, warehouse robotics, Whole Earth Catalog, WikiLeaks, winner-take-all economy, work culture , working poor, Y Combinator

Take, for example, the issue of network privacy, the most persistently corrosive aspect of the “big data” world that the Internet is inventing. If San Francisco is “dystopia by the Bay,” then the Internet is rapidly becoming dystopia on the network. “We are fans of the village pub where everyone knows everyone,” Michael Birch says. But our networked society—envisioned by Marshall McLuhan as a “global village” in which we return to the oral tradition of the preliterate age—has already become that claustrophobic village pub, a frighteningly transparent community where there are no longer either secrets or anonymity. Everyone, from the National Security Agency to Silicon Valley data companies, does indeed seem to know everything about us already.

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Every minute of every day in 2014, for example, the 3 billion Internet users in the world sent 204 million emails, uploaded 72 hours of new YouTube videos, made over 4 million Google searches, shared 2,460,000 pieces of Facebook content, downloaded 48,000 Apple apps, spent $83,000 on Amazon, tweeted 277,000 messages, and posted 216,000 new Instagram photos.7 We used to talk about a “New York minute,” but today’s “Internet minute” in Marshall McLuhan’s global village makes New York City seem like a sleepy village in which barely anything ever happens. It may be hard to imagine, especially for those so-called digital natives who have grown up taking the Internet’s networking tools for granted, but the world hasn’t always been a data-rich information system.

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He has appropriated the ideals of openness and transparency to suit Facebook’s commercial interests, thereby making privacy increasingly obsolete. His narrative fallacy is to believe that the network, in the form of Facebook, is uniting us as a human race. We thus almost have a moral obligation to reveal our true selves on the network, to participate in the real-time confessional of our brightly lit global village. That’s why the socially autistic Zuckerberg believes that we only have “one identity,” telling Kirkpatrick that “having two identities for yourself is an example of a lack of integrity.”97 And it’s why Sheryl Sandberg, Facebook’s chief operating officer, says that “you can’t be on Facebook without being your authentic self.”98 But this, like so much else that Zuckerberg and Sandberg say, is entirely wrong.

World Without Mind: The Existential Threat of Big Tech by Franklin Foer

artificial general intelligence, back-to-the-land, Berlin Wall, big data - Walmart - Pop Tarts, Big Tech, big-box store, Buckminster Fuller, citizen journalism, Colonization of Mars, computer age, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, data is the new oil, data science, deep learning, DeepMind, don't be evil, Donald Trump, Double Irish / Dutch Sandwich, Douglas Engelbart, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Elon Musk, Evgeny Morozov, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Filter Bubble, Geoffrey Hinton, global village, Google Glasses, Haight Ashbury, hive mind, income inequality, intangible asset, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John Markoff, Kevin Kelly, knowledge economy, Law of Accelerating Returns, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, means of production, move fast and break things, new economy, New Journalism, Norbert Wiener, off-the-grid, offshore financial centre, PageRank, Peace of Westphalia, Peter Thiel, planetary scale, Ray Kurzweil, scientific management, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, Singularitarianism, software is eating the world, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, strong AI, supply-chain management, TED Talk, the medium is the message, the scientific method, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thomas L Friedman, Thorstein Veblen, Upton Sinclair, Vernor Vinge, vertical integration, We are as Gods, Whole Earth Catalog, yellow journalism

The perfect technology would revive the spirit of that bygone culture, but on a planetary scale, transforming the world into one big, happy tribe. Or, it would become a “global village,” to use his other cliché-destined phrase—and the warmth of that village would counteract destructive individualism and all the other fragmentary forces in the world. Most promising of all the new technologies was the computer. It is true, McLuhan saw potential downsides to the invention and to the global village he described—rumors might travel fast, privacy might not survive all the new opportunities for surveillance. Still, his descriptions of the computer echoed Brand’s.

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Licklider meant when he explained how his invention of the Internet would erase social isolation: “Life will be happier for the on-line individual.” And how Tim Berners-Lee described the possibilities of the World Wide Web he created: “Hope in life comes from the interconnections among all the people in the world.” The dream of stitching the world into a global village has been embodied in the nomenclature of modern technology—the net is interconnected, the Web is worldwide, media is social. And the dream has fueled a succession of grand collaborative projects, cathedrals of knowledge built without any intention of profiting from the creation, from the virtual communities of the nineties to Linux to Wikipedia to the Creative Commons.

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Contradictions that wouldn’t easily melt away. On the one hand, the technologists aspired to create a world liberated from the control of mega-institutions. The old hatred for the likes of IBM never did fade. On the other hand, they created networks that were designed to be all-encompassing and unrivaled. There can be only one global village. These structures were the greatest business opportunities ever imagined—and only the innocence of faith could blind one to the possibility that they would fall into the hands of big firms. In the end, the technologists’ disdain for authority was really just a stance, an emotionally gratifying one, and it wasn’t the meat of the vision.

Reset by Ronald J. Deibert

23andMe, active measures, air gap, Airbnb, Amazon Web Services, Anthropocene, augmented reality, availability heuristic, behavioural economics, Bellingcat, Big Tech, bitcoin, blockchain, blood diamond, Brexit referendum, Buckminster Fuller, business intelligence, Cal Newport, call centre, Cambridge Analytica, carbon footprint, cashless society, Citizen Lab, clean water, cloud computing, computer vision, confounding variable, contact tracing, contact tracing app, content marketing, coronavirus, corporate social responsibility, COVID-19, crowdsourcing, data acquisition, data is the new oil, decarbonisation, deep learning, deepfake, Deng Xiaoping, disinformation, Donald Trump, Doomsday Clock, dual-use technology, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, end-to-end encryption, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, fake news, Future Shock, game design, gig economy, global pandemic, global supply chain, global village, Google Hangouts, Great Leap Forward, high-speed rail, income inequality, information retrieval, information security, Internet of things, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, John Markoff, Lewis Mumford, liberal capitalism, license plate recognition, lockdown, longitudinal study, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, mass immigration, megastructure, meta-analysis, military-industrial complex, move fast and break things, Naomi Klein, natural language processing, New Journalism, NSO Group, off-the-grid, Peter Thiel, planetary scale, planned obsolescence, post-truth, proprietary trading, QAnon, ransomware, Robert Mercer, Sheryl Sandberg, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, single source of truth, Skype, Snapchat, social distancing, sorting algorithm, source of truth, sovereign wealth fund, sparse data, speech recognition, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Stuxnet, surveillance capitalism, techlash, technological solutionism, the long tail, the medium is the message, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, TikTok, TSMC, undersea cable, unit 8200, Vannevar Bush, WikiLeaks, zero day, zero-sum game

Australian opposition politician Anthony Albanese lamented the confusion. “What Australians dealing with the bushfire crisis need is information and support.100 What they don’t need is rampant misinformation and conspiracy theories being peddled by far-right pages and politicians.” * * * We live in a single “global village” with numerous shared problems crying out for collective action, from immediate emergencies like COVID-19 to longer-term existential challenges, such as global climate change and nuclear weapons. What harbinger is it for the future when one of the principal means we have to communicate with each other is so heavily distorted in ways that propel confusion and chaos?

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We process infinite data but display no wisdom.” It’s remarkable to think that it was only a few short decades ago that the internet was heralded as a wonderful new tool that would enlighten and liberate us, dissolve the boundaries of time and space, and tie us together more closely into a single global village. But in the span of a single generation, it has transmogrified into something far more complex and disturbing, its effects suddenly very ominous. What started out as something so simple as desktop PCs networked together via a common protocol has morphed into an always-on, omnipresent data vacuum-cleaning operation undertaken by gigantic corporate platforms with unparalleled abilities to peer inside our minds and habits and subtly shape our choices.

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How would we address, to borrow a phrase from John Dewey, “the public and its problems” if the “public” had no means to exchange information and communicate? And if the global pandemic showed us anything, it is that the “public” is now truly planetary in scope and scale. Thanks to hundreds of years of modern industrial technological development, we now live in a “global village” (to borrow McLuhan’s phrasing).397 There’s no turning back. Complex interdependence binds us together in a single habitat that systems theorist and futurist Buckminster Fuller once aptly called “Spaceship Earth.”398 We’re in this together, for better or for worse. Detachment and retreat also ignore or at least slight the many positive uses of digital technologies, social media included.

The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom by Evgeny Morozov

"World Economic Forum" Davos, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Alvin Toffler, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, borderless world, Buckminster Fuller, Californian Ideology, Cass Sunstein, citizen journalism, cloud computing, cognitive dissonance, Columbine, computer age, conceptual framework, crowdsourcing, digital divide, disinformation, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, don't be evil, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, global village, Google Earth, Herbert Marcuse, illegal immigration, invention of radio, invention of the printing press, invisible hand, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, John von Neumann, lolcat, Marshall McLuhan, Mitch Kapor, Naomi Klein, Network effects, new economy, New Urbanism, off-the-grid, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, peer-to-peer, pirate software, pre–internet, Productivity paradox, public intellectual, RAND corporation, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan: Tear down this wall, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Sinatra Doctrine, Skype, Slavoj Žižek, social graph, Steve Jobs, Streisand effect, technological determinism, technoutopianism, TED Talk, The Wisdom of Crowds, urban planning, Washington Consensus, WikiLeaks, women in the workforce

The cyber-utopian belief that the Internet would turn us into uber-tolerant citizens of the world, all too eager to put our vile prejudices on hold and open up our minds to what we see on our monitors, has proved to be unfounded. In most cases, the only people who still believe in the ideal of an electronic global village are those who would have become tolerant cosmopolitans even without the Internet: the globe-trotting intellectual elite. The regular folk don’t read sites like Global Voices, an aggregator of the most interesting blog posts from all over the world; instead, they are much more likely to use the Internet to rediscover their own culture—and, dare we say it, their own national bigotry.

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The movement was spearheaded by right-wing blogs and various groups on social networking sites (many of them featuring extremely graphic posters—or “political Molotov cocktails,” as Michael Kimmelman of the New York Times described them—suggesting Muslims are threatening Switzerland, including one that showed minarets rising from the Swiss flag like missiles), and even peace-loving Swiss voters could not resist succumbing to the populist networked discourse. Never underestimate the power of Twitter and Photoshop in the hands of people mobilized by prejudice. While Internet enthusiasts like to quote the optimistic global village reductionism of Marshall McLuhan, whom Wired magazine has chosen as its patron saint, few of them have much use for McLuhan’s darker reductionism, like this gem from 1964: “That Hitler came into political existence at all is directly owing to radio and the public-address system.” As usual, McLuhan was overstating the case, but we certainly do not want to discover that our overly optimistic rhetoric about the freedom to connect has deprived us of the ability to fix the inevitable negative consequences that such freedom produces.

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From the railways, which Karl Marx believed would dissolve India’s caste system, to television, that greatest liberator of the masses, there has hardly appeared a technology that wasn’t praised for its ability to raise the level of public debate, introduce more transparency into politics, reduce nationalism, and transport us to the mythical global village. In virtually all cases, such high hopes were crushed by the brutal forces of politics, culture, and economics. Technologies, it seems, tend to overpromise and under-deliver, at least on their initial promises. This is not to suggest that such inventions didn’t have any influence on public life or democracy.

The End of Work by Jeremy Rifkin

banking crisis, Bertrand Russell: In Praise of Idleness, blue-collar work, cashless society, Charles Babbage, collective bargaining, compensation consultant, computer age, deskilling, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, employer provided health coverage, Erik Brynjolfsson, full employment, future of work, general-purpose programming language, George Gilder, global village, Great Leap Forward, Herbert Marcuse, high-speed rail, hiring and firing, informal economy, interchangeable parts, invention of the telegraph, Jacques de Vaucanson, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, Kaizen: continuous improvement, karōshi / gwarosa / guolaosi, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, land reform, low interest rates, low skilled workers, means of production, military-industrial complex, new economy, New Urbanism, Paul Samuelson, pink-collar, pneumatic tube, post-Fordism, post-industrial society, Productivity paradox, prudent man rule, Richard Florida, Ronald Reagan, scientific management, Silicon Valley, speech recognition, strikebreaker, technoutopianism, Thorstein Veblen, Toyota Production System, trade route, trickle-down economics, warehouse automation, warehouse robotics, women in the workforce, working poor, working-age population, Works Progress Administration

Military historian Martin Van Creveld says that the distinctions between war and crime are going to blur and even break down as marauding bands of outlaws, some with vague political 216 THE P RIC E 0 F PRO G RES S goals, menace the global village with hit-and-run murders, car bombings, kidnappings, and high-profile massacresP In the new environment of low-intensity conflict, standing armies and national police forces will become increasingly powerless to quell or even contain the mayhem, and will likely give way to private security forces that will be paid to secure safe zones for the elite classes of the high-tech global village. The transition into a Third Industrial Revolution throws into question many of our most cherished notions about the meaning and direction of progress.

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To better assess both the impacts and potential outcomes of the Third Industrial Revolution, we will examine the two competing visions of technological progress that have spurred the drive to an automated society and ask how each is likely to influence the ultimate course society takes as it makes its way into the high-tech global village. To provide some background on the current technology and employment debate, we will tum our attention in Section II, "The Third Industrial Revolution," to a look at how the early innovations in automation affected the livelihoods of African-American workers and trade unionists. Their experience could be a harbinger of what lies ahead for millions of service and white collar workers as well as a growing number of middle-class management and professional employees around the world.

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We will assess the impact of the new technology revolution on both industrialized and developing nations. We will pay particular attention to the disturbing relationship between increased technological unemployment and the rising incidence of crime and violence around the world. Just outside the new high-tech global village lie a growing number of destitute and desperate human beings, many of whom are turning to a life of crime and creating a vast new criminal subculture. The new outlaw culture is beginning to pose a very real and serious threat to the ability of central governments to maintain order and provide security for their citizens.

Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded by Simon Winchester

Alfred Russel Wallace, British Empire, cable laying ship, company town, Easter island, global village, God and Mammon, Isaac Newton, joint-stock company, lateral thinking, Marshall McLuhan, mass immigration, Maui Hawaii, seminal paper, South China Sea, spice trade, Suez canal 1869, trade route, undersea cable

Words and phrases that had hitherto been utterly unfamiliar – Java, Sumatra, the Sunda Strait, Batavia – became in one mighty flash of eruptive light part of the common currency of all. And in learning of these places and of the terrible events that occurred there, so the world's people suddenly became part of a new brotherhood of knowledge – in a sense it was that day in August 1883 that the modern phenomenon known as the global village was born, in part through the agency of this enormous explosion. The word Krakatoa, despite being a word misspelled and mangled by the imperfect arts of Victorian telegraphy and journalism, became in one awful ear-splitting moment a byname for cataclysm, paroxysm, death and disaster. And the disaster left a trail of practical consequences – political, religious, social, economic, psychological, scientific consequences among them.

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This eruption was so enormous an event, and had so many worldwide implications and effects, that for humankind to be able to learn and know about it, in detail, within days or even hours of its very happening entirely changed the world's view of itself. It would not be stretching a point to suggest that the Global Village – the phrase is modern, and was coined by Marshall McLuhan in 1960, referring to the world-shrinking effects of television, even pre-satellite* – was essentially born with the worldwide apprehension of, and fascination with, the events in Java that began in the summer of 1883. And Agent Schuit's first telegram to London was one small indication of that revolution's beginnings.

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The story of Krakatoa had a small beginning – seven newsworthy words, buried well down in the pages of a single London newspaper. As the summer of 1883 wore on, it was to become a very much greater story indeed. And when it was over, three months later, it was to have implications for society – for the laying of the foundations of McLuhan's Global Village – that have reverberated in a far more important way, and for far, far longer, than anyone at the time of the event could ever have supposed. 7 THE CURIOUS CASE OF THE TERRIFIED ELEPHANT Eau de Cologne: A perfumed spirit invented by an Italian chemist, Johann Maria Farina (1685–1766), who settled in Cologne in 1709.

Howard Rheingold by The Virtual Community Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier-Perseus Books (1993)

"hyperreality Baudrillard"~20 OR "Baudrillard hyperreality", Alvin Toffler, Apple II, bread and circuses, Brewster Kahle, Buckminster Fuller, commoditize, conceptual framework, disinformation, Do you want to sell sugared water for the rest of your life?, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, experimental subject, General Magic , George Gilder, global village, Gregor Mendel, Hacker Ethic, Haight Ashbury, Howard Rheingold, HyperCard, intentional community, Ivan Sutherland, John Gilmore, John Markoff, Kevin Kelly, knowledge worker, license plate recognition, loose coupling, Marshall McLuhan, megaproject, Menlo Park, meta-analysis, Mitch Kapor, Morris worm, multilevel marketing, packet switching, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, profit motive, RAND corporation, Ray Oldenburg, rent control, RFC: Request For Comment, Ronald Reagan, Saturday Night Live, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, technoutopianism, Ted Nelson, telepresence, The Great Good Place, The Hackers Conference, the strength of weak ties, urban decay, UUNET, Whole Earth Catalog, Whole Earth Review, young professional

Sociological Research Online 2, no. 4 (1997): 59-69. Shapiro, Andrew L. "Street Corners in Cyberspace." The Nation (July 3, 1995): 10-14. Shapiro, Andrew L. "The Net That Binds: Using Cyberspace to Create Real Communities." The Nation (June 21, 1999). Silver, D. "Localizing the Global Village: Lessons from the Blacksburg Electronic Village" In The Global Village: Dead or Alive?, edited by Ray B. Browne and Marshall W. Fishwick. Bowling Green, OH: Popular Press, 1999: 79-92. Silver, D. "Margins in the Wires: Looking for Race, Gender, and Sexuality in the Blacksburg Electronic Village." In Race in Cyberspace, edited by Beth E.

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In Social Structures: A Network Approach, edited by B. Wellman and S.D. Berkowitz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Wellman, B., and M. Gulia. Net Surfers Don't Ride Alone: Virtual Community as Community. Pp 331-67 in Networks in the Global Village, edited by B. Wellman. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999. Wellman, B., ed. Networks in the Global Village: Life in Contemporary Communities. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999. Whittle, David B. Cyberspace: The Human Dimension. New York: W. H. Freeman and Co., 1997. Winner, Langdon. Autonomous Technology: Technics-Out-Of-Control as a Theme in Political Thought.

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captured the most important aspect of these growth rates, the obvious implication that this largely invisible subculture is likely to break the surface of the world's awareness, due to sheer size, soon: In two years, there will be more network users than residents of any state in the United States. In five years there will be more network users than citizens of any single country except India or China. What will happen when McLuhan's global village becomes one of the largest countries in the world? Using two-way communications, not broadcast? And crossing boundaries of space, time, and politics? By the early 1980s, the bureaucratic and financial demands of running ARPANET had outgrown ARPA. The Net was an intellectual resource now, and scholars and scientists were clamoring to get in on it, even if they weren't doing weaponsrelated research.

City on the Verge by Mark Pendergrast

big-box store, bike sharing, clean water, Community Supported Agriculture, cotton gin, crowdsourcing, desegregation, edge city, Edward Glaeser, food desert, gentrification, global village, high-speed rail, housing crisis, hydraulic fracturing, income inequality, independent contractor, Jane Jacobs, jitney, land bank, Lewis Mumford, liberation theology, mass incarceration, McMansion, megaproject, New Urbanism, openstreetmap, power law, Richard Florida, streetcar suburb, subprime mortgage crisis, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the High Line, transatlantic slave trade, transit-oriented development, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, W. E. B. Du Bois, walkable city, white flight, young professional

In 2009, Eggers volunteered at the new Global Village Project school in donated space at the Decatur Presbyterian Church, where we met to begin my tour. I observed a first-year reading class and interviewed some of the staff. The school educates about forty refugee girls, ages eleven to eighteen, for up to three years, with the aim of launching them into a successful public high school experience. Why the focus on girls? They are often undereducated in African and Asian cultures. Some don’t know how to turn the pages of a book when they arrive at Global Village. Their parents are generally more comfortable with single-gender education, and daughters help their parents with bills, phone calls, and other matters.

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Their parents are generally more comfortable with single-gender education, and daughters help their parents with bills, phone calls, and other matters. The girls at Global Village quickly gain confidence, learning to speak out and ask questions. On this spring day, I talked to two poised students—a thirteen-year-old from Nepal and an eleven-year-old from the Central African Republic—seated next to one another, working on laptop assignments. After less than a year in school, they were nearly fluent and literate in English. Then we drove to Clarkston. I had first learned about the influx of refugees there from reading Warren St.

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* There are positive economic developments in this area surrounding the Atlanta airport, with Porsche opening its US headquarters nearby in 2015. The “Aerotropolis Atlanta Alliance” pushes the area’s potential. * Betsy Eggers was a founding board member of Fugees Family, Inc., the umbrella organization, and was board chair of the Global Village Project from 2011 to 2014. * See Chapter 4. * Shannon Byrne’s videos captured a number of people with disabilities, or self-imposed handicaps, who clearly fascinated her. One black man, missing both legs, used his hands to swing his torso up the mountain. Another group crawled up to encourage a friend who couldn’t ascend any other way.

The Currency Cold War: Cash and Cryptography, Hash Rates and Hegemony by David G. W. Birch

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Alan Greenspan, algorithmic management, AlphaGo, bank run, Big Tech, bitcoin, blockchain, Bretton Woods, BRICs, British Empire, business cycle, capital controls, cashless society, central bank independence, COVID-19, cross-border payments, cryptocurrency, Diane Coyle, disintermediation, distributed ledger, Donald Trump, driverless car, Elon Musk, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, facts on the ground, fault tolerance, fiat currency, financial exclusion, financial innovation, financial intermediation, floating exchange rates, forward guidance, Fractional reserve banking, global reserve currency, global supply chain, global village, Hyman Minsky, information security, initial coin offering, Internet of things, Jaron Lanier, Kenneth Rogoff, knowledge economy, M-Pesa, Mark Zuckerberg, market clearing, market design, Marshall McLuhan, mobile money, Money creation, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, moral hazard, Network effects, new economy, Northern Rock, one-China policy, Overton Window, PalmPilot, pattern recognition, Pingit, QR code, quantum cryptography, race to the bottom, railway mania, ransomware, Real Time Gross Settlement, reserve currency, Satoshi Nakamoto, seigniorage, Silicon Valley, smart contracts, social distancing, sovereign wealth fund, special drawing rights, subscription business, the payments system, too big to fail, transaction costs, Vitalik Buterin, Washington Consensus

We took the means for deferred payments (the settlement of debts) and turned them into stores of value that could be traded. These, in turn, became a medium of exchange: asset claims moved from memory to clay tablets to coins. Today, we are no longer in the clan village of the ancient past or the urban anonymity of the recent past. We are in Marshall McLuhan’s ‘global village’, where the digitization of the world allows us to be connected to everyone, everywhere and all the time. Instead of memory, we have social media, mobile phones and shared ledgers. This is why Weatherford has predicted the intermediary of money will soon no longer be needed: we no longer need to remember.

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Think how difficult it is to maintain monetary policy across so many countries with different economies (e.g. satiating both Germany’s strength and supporting Greece’s weakness), and then try to imagine a single universal currency. Having the same monetary policy for Spain and Slovakia will be nothing compared with having the same monetary policy for Earth and Alpha Centauri Planet 9. The money of the global village will not be limited to a few national or supranational central banks. The technologies discussed in part 2 mean that literally anyone can now create money. Communities rather than individuals will become central to money creation, and these currencies will be imbued with the values of the communities that create them.

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Here, private money issuers will energize their currencies by integrating the functions of money with traditionally separate functions, such as data gathering and social networking services. Whether such currencies will be interoperable or tradable is a topic for speculation, but I think we can already see that in McLuhan’s global village the theory of optimal currency areas may need reworking. The importance of virtual communities may lead to an environment in which the digital connections are more important than traditional macroeconomic links. We might well see the establishment of digital currency areas (DCAs) linking currency use to a particular digital network rather than to a specific country (Brunnermeier et al. 2019).

The Ministry for the Future: A Novel by Kim Stanley Robinson

"World Economic Forum" Davos, agricultural Revolution, airport security, Anthropocene, availability heuristic, basic income, bitcoin, blockchain, Bretton Woods, cakes and ale, carbon tax, centre right, clean tech, clean water, cryptocurrency, dark matter, decarbonisation, degrowth, distributed ledger, drone strike, European colonialism, failed state, fiat currency, Food sovereignty, full employment, Gini coefficient, global village, green new deal, happiness index / gross national happiness, High speed trading, high-speed rail, income per capita, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, invisible hand, Jevons paradox, Kim Stanley Robinson, land reform, liberation theology, liquidity trap, Mahbub ul Haq, megacity, megastructure, Modern Monetary Theory, mutually assured destruction, nuclear winter, ocean acidification, off grid, off-the-grid, offshore financial centre, place-making, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, post-oil, precariat, price stability, public intellectual, quantitative easing, rewilding, RFID, Robert Solow, seigniorage, Shenzhen special economic zone , Silicon Valley, special economic zone, structural adjustment programs, synthetic biology, time value of money, Tragedy of the Commons, universal basic income, wage slave, Washington Consensus

Finally that year’s president of the Paris Agreement organization, a woman from Zimbabwe, stood up and went to the podium. Briefly she embraced Chandra, nodded to the other Indians on stage, and went to the microphone. “Obviously we have to do better,” she said. “The Paris Agreement was created to avoid tragedies like this one. We are all in a single global village now. We share the same air and water, and so this disaster has happened to all of us. Since we can’t undo it, we have to turn it to the good somehow, or two things will happen; the crimes in it will go unatoned, and more such disasters will happen. So we have to act. At long last, we have to take the climate situation seriously, as the reality that overrides everything else.

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Whether that kind of aggressive stance would be revealed as a true national position or the posturing of a radical faction remained to be seen. It depended, some thought, on how far India’s new national government was willing to go to back up this Kali group’s threats— to in effect unleash them. War in the age of the internet, the age of the global village, the age of drones, the age of synthetic biology and artificial pandemics— this was not the same as war in the past. If they were serious, it could get ugly. In fact, if even just the Kali faction of the Indian polity was serious, it could get very ugly. But two could play at those games, indeed everyone could play those games— not just the 195 nations that had signed the Paris Agreement, but all the various kinds of non-state actors, right down to individuals.

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So many places had been like that for most of human time, and were like that still— everyone living in the past of their own region’s psyche to one extent or another, because they all lived in their languages, and if your native language was anything but English, you were estranged to one degree or other from the global village. Globalization was many things— including a reality, in that they all lived on one shared planet in which borders were historical fantasies— but it was also a form of Americanization, of soft power imperialism combined with economic dominance, in that the US still had seventy percent of the capital assets of the world secured in its banks and companies, even though it had only five percent of the world’s population.

How to Run the World: Charting a Course to the Next Renaissance by Parag Khanna

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Albert Einstein, Asian financial crisis, back-to-the-land, bank run, blood diamond, Bob Geldof, borderless world, BRICs, British Empire, call centre, carbon footprint, carbon tax, charter city, clean tech, clean water, cloud computing, commoditize, congestion pricing, continuation of politics by other means, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, Deng Xiaoping, Doha Development Round, don't be evil, double entry bookkeeping, energy security, European colonialism, export processing zone, facts on the ground, failed state, financial engineering, friendly fire, global village, Global Witness, Google Earth, high net worth, high-speed rail, index fund, informal economy, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, Kickstarter, Kiva Systems, laissez-faire capitalism, Live Aid, Masdar, mass immigration, megacity, Michael Shellenberger, microcredit, military-industrial complex, mutually assured destruction, Naomi Klein, Nelson Mandela, New Urbanism, no-fly zone, off grid, offshore financial centre, oil shock, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), open economy, out of africa, Parag Khanna, private military company, Productivity paradox, race to the bottom, RAND corporation, reserve currency, Salesforce, Silicon Valley, smart grid, South China Sea, sovereign wealth fund, special economic zone, sustainable-tourism, Ted Nordhaus, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, The Wisdom of Crowds, too big to fail, trade liberalization, trickle-down economics, UNCLOS, uranium enrichment, Washington Consensus, X Prize

The migrant underclass lives not in chaos and “shadow economies” but often in functional, self-organizing ecosystems, the typical physical stratification of medieval cities. Whether rich or poor, cities, more than nations, are the building blocks of global activity today. Our world is more a network of villages than it is one global village. Alliances of these agile cities, like the medieval Hanseatic League of the Baltic Sea, are forming. They will use their sovereign wealth funds to acquire the latest technology from the West, buy up tracts of agricultural land in Africa to grow their food, and protect their investments through private armies and intelligence services.

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In millions of small communities worldwide, micro-credit operations, new donors, diasporas, and social entrepreneurs are treating the causes, not just the symptoms, of social problems better than most of the world’s governments put together. They also prove the axiom that the best global governance is local governance. The global village would mean more if it helped these individual villages. Show Me the Money In 2008, twenty-five years of poverty-reduction efforts were wiped away through food and fuel price spikes. Riots broke out in Egypt, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nigeria, and Haiti. Now close to two billion people live below the World Bank’s $1.25-a-day poverty line.

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Green to Gold: How Smart Companies Use Environmental Strategy to Innovate, Create Value, and Build Competitive Advantage. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2008. Evans, Gareth. The Responsibility to Protect: Ending Mass Atrocity Crimes Once and for All. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2008. Falk, Richard. Law in an Emerging Global Village: A Post-Westphalian Perspective. Ardsley, N.Y.: Transnational Publishers, 1998. Fisman, Raymond, and Edward Miguel. Economic Gangsters: Corruption, Violence, and the Poverty of Nations. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2008. Florini, Ann. The Coming Democracy: New Rules for Running a New World.

Age of the City: Why Our Future Will Be Won or Lost Together by Ian Goldin, Tom Lee-Devlin

15-minute city, 1960s counterculture, agricultural Revolution, Alvin Toffler, Anthropocene, anti-globalists, Berlin Wall, Bonfire of the Vanities, Brixton riot, call centre, car-free, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, charter city, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, clean water, cloud computing, congestion charging, contact tracing, coronavirus, COVID-19, CRISPR, data science, David Brooks, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, decarbonisation, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, desegregation, Edward Glaeser, Edward Jenner, Enrique Peñalosa, fake news, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial engineering, financial independence, future of work, General Motors Futurama, gentrification, germ theory of disease, global pandemic, global supply chain, global village, Haight Ashbury, Hernando de Soto, high-speed rail, household responsibility system, housing crisis, Howard Rheingold, income per capita, Induced demand, industrial robot, informal economy, invention of the printing press, invention of the wheel, Jane Jacobs, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John Perry Barlow, John Snow's cholera map, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, labour mobility, Lewis Mumford, lockdown, Louis Pasteur, low interest rates, low skilled workers, manufacturing employment, Marshall McLuhan, mass immigration, megacity, Neal Stephenson, Network effects, New Urbanism, offshore financial centre, open borders, open economy, Pearl River Delta, race to the bottom, Ray Oldenburg, remote working, rent control, Republic of Letters, Richard Florida, ride hailing / ride sharing, rising living standards, Salesforce, Shenzhen special economic zone , smart cities, smart meter, Snow Crash, social distancing, special economic zone, spinning jenny, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, superstar cities, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Great Good Place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, trade liberalization, trade route, Upton Sinclair, uranium enrichment, urban decay, urban planning, urban sprawl, Victor Gruen, white flight, working poor, working-age population, zero-sum game, zoonotic diseases

New Technology, Old Idea The vision of the cyber optimists – that advances in the technology of communication would allow humanity to bridge its differences and come together as a unified whole – was not entirely original. In the 1960s, philosopher Marshall McLuhan was predicting that the connection of the world through increasingly sophisticated electronic modes of communication would eventually lead to the creation of a ‘global village’ in which everyone would share in a collective identity.7 In 1881, Scientific American predicted that technologies such as the telegraph foreshadowed ‘a day when science shall have so blended, interwoven, and unified human thoughts and interests that the feeling of universal kinship shall be, not a spasmodic outburst of occasional emotion, but constant and controlling’.8 But shifts in the technology of communication often change societies in unexpected ways.

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., 2007, ‘Technology and society: historical complexities’, Sociological Inquiry, Vol. 67, No. 1. 15 Chen, W., 2013, ‘Internet use, online communication, and ties in Americans’ networks’, Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 31, No. 4. 16 Haidt, ‘Why the past 10 years of American life have been uniquely stupid’. 17 Van Alstyne, M. and Brynjolfsson, E., 1997, ‘Electronic communities: global village or cyberbalkans’, Economic Theory. 18 Sunstein, C., 2007, ‘Neither Hayek nor Habermas’, Public Choice, Vol. 134. 19 Tempest, K., 2021, On Connection (Faber & Faber), p. 61. 20 Bor, A. and Bang Petersen, M., 2021, ‘The psychology of online political hostility: a comprehensive, cross-national test of the mismatch hypothesis’, American Political Science Review, Vol. 116, No. 1. 21 Ibid. 22 Prapotnik, K., et al., 2019, ‘Social media as information channel’, Austrian Journal of Political Science. 23 Grant, A., Twitter, 29 August 2021, 15:03. 24 Cho, J., et al., 2020, ‘Do search algorithms endanger democracy?

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UN Women, 2022, Ukraine and the food and fuel crisis: 4 things to know, unwomen.org UNFAO, 2022, ‘State of the world’s forests’ (fao.org). United Nations, 1969, ‘Growth of the world’s urban and rural population, 1920–2000’ (un.org). University College London, 2017, ‘Audience members’ hearts beat together at the theatre’ (ucl.ac.uk). Van Alstyne, M. and Brynjolfsson, E., 1997, ‘Electronic communities: global village or cyberbalkans’, Economic Theory. Van De Mieroop, M., 2021, A History of Ancient Egypt (Wiley). Vaughan, A., 2022, ‘40°C heatwave may have killed 1000 people in England and Wales’, New Scientist. Verbruggen, R., et al., 2014, ‘The networked city’, in Knox, P. (ed.), Atlas of Cities (Princeton University Press).

Radical Technologies: The Design of Everyday Life by Adam Greenfield

3D printing, Airbnb, algorithmic bias, algorithmic management, AlphaGo, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, bank run, barriers to entry, basic income, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, Boston Dynamics, business intelligence, business process, Californian Ideology, call centre, cellular automata, centralized clearinghouse, centre right, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, circular economy, cloud computing, Cody Wilson, collective bargaining, combinatorial explosion, Computer Numeric Control, computer vision, Conway's Game of Life, CRISPR, cryptocurrency, David Graeber, deep learning, DeepMind, dematerialisation, digital map, disruptive innovation, distributed ledger, driverless car, drone strike, Elon Musk, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, facts on the ground, fiat currency, fulfillment center, gentrification, global supply chain, global village, Goodhart's law, Google Glasses, Herman Kahn, Ian Bogost, IBM and the Holocaust, industrial robot, informal economy, information retrieval, Internet of things, Jacob Silverman, James Watt: steam engine, Jane Jacobs, Jeff Bezos, Jeff Hawkins, job automation, jobs below the API, John Conway, John Markoff, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, John Perry Barlow, John von Neumann, joint-stock company, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, Kiva Systems, late capitalism, Leo Hollis, license plate recognition, lifelogging, M-Pesa, Mark Zuckerberg, means of production, megacity, megastructure, minimum viable product, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, natural language processing, Network effects, New Urbanism, Nick Bostrom, Occupy movement, Oculus Rift, off-the-grid, PalmPilot, Pareto efficiency, pattern recognition, Pearl River Delta, performance metric, Peter Eisenman, Peter Thiel, planetary scale, Ponzi scheme, post scarcity, post-work, printed gun, proprietary trading, RAND corporation, recommendation engine, RFID, rolodex, Rutger Bregman, Satoshi Nakamoto, self-driving car, sentiment analysis, shareholder value, sharing economy, Shenzhen special economic zone , Sidewalk Labs, Silicon Valley, smart cities, smart contracts, social intelligence, sorting algorithm, special economic zone, speech recognition, stakhanovite, statistical model, stem cell, technoutopianism, Tesla Model S, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Future of Employment, Tony Fadell, transaction costs, Uber for X, undersea cable, universal basic income, urban planning, urban sprawl, vertical integration, Vitalik Buterin, warehouse robotics, When a measure becomes a target, Whole Earth Review, WikiLeaks, women in the workforce

Indeed, given the increasing facility with which photovoltaics, Stirling engines, and wind-turbine components can be printed, there is a reasonable argument to be made that any properly equipped workshop can henceforth be self-powering. 23.See oshwa.org/definition/. 24.Alicia Gibb, “On Creative Commons and Open Source,” Open Source Hardware Association, May 21, 2014, oshwa.org; See also the discussion of the nuances here: Lenore Edman, “Open Discussion: Best Practice for Mislabeled Open Source Projects?,” Evil Mad Scientist Laboratories, June 18, 2014, evilmadscientist.com. 25.See 507movements.com. 26.OpenDesk, opendesk.cc. 27.Open Source Ecology. “Global Village Construction Set,” February 4, 2015, opensourceecology.org/wiki/Global_Village_Construction_Set; See also Autodesk, Inc., “Instructables,” 2016, instructables.com and Definition of Free Cultural Works, February 17, 2015, freedomdefined.org/Definition. 28.Pieter Van Lancker, “The Influence of IP on the 3D Printing Evolution,” Creax, August 12, 2015. 29.Zachary Smith, “MakerBot vs.

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Brown collected in his classic text of the same name.25 Beyond Thingiverse, there are initiatives like the OpenDesk project,26 which offers downloadable specifications for the most commonly needed elements of workplace furniture: tables, chairs, desks, dividers and storage lockers. Or the wildly ambitious Global Village Construction Set, which aims to furnish users with Creative Commons-licensed specifications for the fifty industrial machines they would need to build from scratch “a sustainable civilization with modern comforts,” from bakery ovens to cement mixers.27 Somewhere between Existenzminimum and frankly survivalist in its aesthetics, the GVCS envisions communities bootstrapping their way from smaller components to the stuff of collective self-reliance, whether those communities should happen to be rural, informal, poor or otherwise denied access to the full panoply of developed-world production technology.

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., 237 dugnad, 170 Dunning-Kruger syndrome, 260 Dutch East India Company, the, 165 Easterbrook, Steve, 195 Edo, 69 Elemental Technologies, 281 Elephant and Castle Shopping Centre, 110 Eisenman, Peter, 70 Embassy of the United States, Beijing, 51 Eno, Brian, 238 Equal Credit Opportunity Rights, 248 Ethereum/Ether, 148–50, 152–4, 162–3, 168, 175–7, 179 Ethical Filament Foundation, 99 Ethiopia, 194 euro (currency), 100, 131, 136 “eventual consistency,” 134 Existenzminimum, 103 Expedia, 134 EZPass, 59 fablabs, 95, 100, 109–10 faceblindness, 67–8 Facebook, 69, 220–1, 227, 229, 232, 252, 275–9, 281, 284 Aquila autonomous aircraft, 278 Free Basics, 278 Instagram, 278 opacity of Trending News algorithm, 212, 252–3 Fadell, Tony, 276 false positive, truth value, 217, 235, 249 Family Assistance Plan, FAP, 204 Fan Hui, 268 feature engineering, 218 Federal Trade Commission, 248 FedEx, 278 Filabot, 98 Fillod, Odile, 107 Financial Times (newspaper), 177 FindFace software, 240–2 Firestone, Shulamith, 191 Fitbit Charge wearable device, 197 Five Hundred and Seven Mechanical Movements (Brown), 103 Flaxman, Seth, 250–1 foamed aluminum, 95 Ford Mustang, 216–17 Forrester, Jay, 56 Fortune Magazine, 257 Foucault, Michel, 35, 70, 160 Freakonomics (Levitt and Dubner), 237 Frey, Carl Benedikt, 194 Fully Automated Luxury Communism, 90, 111, 190, 289 gallium arsenide, 47 Galloway, Anne, 82 gambiarra, 291 Garrett, Matthew, 43 General Data Protection Regulation, 249 General Public License, 103 Genesis Block, 125, 139 genetic algorithms, 239, 253 gender of pedestrians, as determined by algorithm, 239 as performance, 239–40 of virtual assistants, 39 geofencing, 27 Gershenfeld, Neil, 95 Ghost Gunner, 108 Giger, H. R., 219 GitHub code repository, 242, 274, 281 “glassholes,” 84, 276 Global Village Construction Set, 103 go (game), 263–6 Goodhart’s Law, 247 Goodman, Bryce, 250–1 Google, 18, 24, 37–40, 46, 66, 69, 73–4, 76–8, 80, 84, 193, 212, 218–20, 247, 254, 264, 275, 276, 278, 281, 284 Boston Dynamics robotics division, 276 Chrome browser, 275 Daydream virtual reality headset, 275 Deep Dream, 80, 219 DeepMind, 264–5, 270, 276, 281 driverless cars, 193, 220 Glass augmented reality headset, 66, 73–4, 76–8, 80, 275 Home interface device, 38–40 Image Search, 218 Mail, 275 Maps, 24 Nest home automation division, 275–6 Nest thermostat, 275–6 Play, 18 Plus social network, 276 search results, 212 Sidewalk Labs, 276 Gladwell, Malcolm, 237 Glaser, Will, 220 Global Positioning System, 4, 16, 21, 26, 51, 67 Graeber, David, 205 Guangdong, 179 Guardian (newspaper), 276 Guattari, Félix, 148 Gu Li, 265 Hagakure, 267 Haldane, Andy, 194 Halo (game), 39 Hannah-Arendt-Strasse, 70 haptics, 16 Harman, Graham, 48 hash value, 123–4, 128–30 Hashcash, 121 hashing algorithm, 123 head-up displays, 66–7 Hearn, Mike, 179 Heat List, Chicago Police Department program, 230–1, 233, 235–6, 244 heroin, 228 heterotopias, 70 high-density polyethylene plastic filament, HDPE, 99 Hitachi Corporation, 197 Hollerith machines, 61 hooks, bell, 311 HR analytics, 199 Hungarian pengo, 120, 122 iaido, 266 iaijutsu, 266 IBM, 263 ideology of ease, 42 infrapolitics, 311 ING, bank, 262 input neurons, 215 Instagram.

Multicultural Cities: Toronto, New York, and Los Angeles by Mohammed Abdul Qadeer

affirmative action, business cycle, call centre, David Brooks, deindustrialization, desegregation, edge city, en.wikipedia.org, Frank Gehry, game design, gentrification, ghettoisation, global village, immigration reform, industrial cluster, Jane Jacobs, knowledge economy, market bubble, McMansion, megaproject, new economy, New Urbanism, place-making, Richard Florida, risk tolerance, Silicon Valley, Skype, telemarketer, the built environment, The Chicago School, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the scientific method, urban planning, urban renewal, working-age population, young professional

AfricanAmerican blues, Italian opera, and the Beatles’ pop, for example, have thrilled generations of Americans and Canadians. Late-twentiethcentury immigration and globalization have brought music from Latin America, the Caribbean, China, India, the Middle East, and Southern Europe of both the folk and classical traditions. Musically, North America has become a global village. Our main interest here lies in the social consequences of the flourishing of ethnic and global music. A variety of music enriches the cultural and artistic life of a city. The fusion of different styles links together different groups and extends the common ground. A few examples of ethno-music that is being integrated into the North American repertoire include Mexican ranchera, Latin meringue, Bollywood Bhangra, Pakistani qawalli, African drum ensemble music, and FrenchAlgerian raï.

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John Biles, Meyer Burstein, and James Frideres (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2008), 81. 41 Tariq Madood, “Multiculturalism, Ethnicity and Integration: Contemporary Challenges,” Canadian Diversity 5, no. 1 (2006), 120. 42 Gerard Bouchard and Charles Taylor, Building the Future. A Time for Reconciliation, Report of the Commission de Consultation sur les Pratiques d’Accommodement Reliées aux Différences Culturelles, (Quebec, 2008), 19. 43 Yasmeen Abu-Laban and Baha Abu-Laban, “Reasonable Accommodation in a Global Village,” Policy Options 26, no. 8 (2007), 30. 44 Julius Grey, “The Paradox of Reasonable Accommodation,” Policy Options 26, no. 8 (2007), 34–5. Notes to pages 36–44 279 45 Peter Hall, Cities in Civilization (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998), 6. 46 Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Vintage Books, 1992), 14. 47 Richard Florida, The Flight of the Creative Class (New York: Collins, 2005), 62. 48 William Shakespeare, Coriolanus, act 3, scene 1. 49 Janet Abu-Lughod, Changing Cities: Urban Sociology (New York: HarperCollins, 1991), 140. 50 James Holston and Arjun Appadurai, “Cities and Citizenship,” Public Culture 8 (1996),188–9. 51 Ibid., 200. 52 Ash Amin, “The Good City,” Urban Studies 43, nos. 5/6 (May 2006),1012. 53 Susan S, Fainstein, The Just City (Ithaca; Cornell University Press, 2010), 3. 54 Ibid., 43. 55 Leonie Sandercock, Mongreal Cities (London: Continuum, 2003), 87. 56 Henri Lefebvre, Writings on Cities, trans.

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John McCarron, “Majoring in Development,” Planning, October 2011, 13. Leonie Sandercock, “Integrating Immigrants: The Challenge for Cities, City Governments and the City-Building Professions,” in The Intercultural City, ed. Phil Wood and Charles Landry (London: Earthscan, 2008), 258–72. Yasmeen Abu-Lahan and Baha Abu-Lahan, “Reasonable Accommodation in a Global Village,” Policy Options 28, no. 8 (2007), 30. Kathleen Weil, Minister of Justice, Province of Quebec, “Bill 94. An Act to Establish Guidelines Governing Accommodation Requests within the Notes to pages 236–54 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 305 Administration and Certain Institutions” (Quebec Official Publisher, 2010), 1–4.

Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming by Anthony Dunne, Fiona Raby

3D printing, Adam Curtis, Anthropocene, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, Boeing 747, Buckminster Fuller, capitalist realism, Cass Sunstein, computer age, corporate governance, David Attenborough, en.wikipedia.org, Fall of the Berlin Wall, game design, General Motors Futurama, global village, Google X / Alphabet X, haute couture, Herman Kahn, intentional community, life extension, machine readable, Mark Zuckerberg, mouse model, New Urbanism, Peter Eisenman, RAND corporation, Richard Thaler, Ronald Reagan, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, social software, synthetic biology, systems thinking, technoutopianism, Wall-E

Available at http://thinkingfutures.net/wp-content/ uploads/2010/10/A_Primer_on_Futures_Studiesl.pdf. Accessed December 21, 2012. 4. Michio Kaku, Physics of the Impossible (London: Penguin Books, 2008). 5. David Kirby, Lab Coats in Hollywood: Science, Scientists, and Cinema (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011), 145-168. 6. Richard Barbrook, Imaginary Futures: From Thinking Machines to the Global Village (London: Pluto Press, 2007). 7. This history is very well documented; for example, see Neil Spiller, Visionary Architecture: Blue prints of the Modern Imagination (London: Thames & Hudson, 2006) ; Felicity D.Scott, Architecture or Techno-utopia: Politics after Modernism (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007) ; Robert Klanten et al., eds., Beyond Architecture: Imaginative Buildings and Fictional Cities (Berlin: Die Gestalten Verlag, 2009) ; and Geoff Manaugh, The BLDG BLDG Book (San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2009) ; see also http://bldgblog.blogspot.co. uk.

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Baggini, Julian. The Pig That Wants to Be Eaten: And Ninety - Nine Other Thought Experiments. London: Granta, 2005. Ballard, J.G.Super-Cannes. London: Flamingo, 2000. Ballard, J.G.Millennium People. London: Flamingo, 2004. Barbrook, Richard. Imaginary Futures: From Thinking Machines to the Global Village. London: Pluto Press, 2007. Bateman, Chris. Imaginary Games. London: Zero Books, 2011. Bauman, Zygmunt. Liquid Modernity. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2000. Beaver, Jacob, Tobie Kerridge, and Sarah Pennington, eds. Material Beliefs. London: Goldsmiths, University of London, 2009. Bel Geddes, Norman.

Wonderland: How Play Made the Modern World by Steven Johnson

"hyperreality Baudrillard"~20 OR "Baudrillard hyperreality", Ada Lovelace, adjacent possible, Alfred Russel Wallace, Antoine Gombaud: Chevalier de Méré, Berlin Wall, bitcoin, Book of Ingenious Devices, Buckminster Fuller, Charles Babbage, Claude Shannon: information theory, Clayton Christensen, colonial exploitation, computer age, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, conceptual framework, cotton gin, crowdsourcing, cuban missile crisis, Drosophila, Edward Thorp, Fellow of the Royal Society, flying shuttle, game design, global village, Great Leap Forward, Hedy Lamarr / George Antheil, HyperCard, invention of air conditioning, invention of the printing press, invention of the telegraph, Islamic Golden Age, Jacquard loom, Jacques de Vaucanson, James Watt: steam engine, Jane Jacobs, John von Neumann, joint-stock company, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, land value tax, Landlord’s Game, Lewis Mumford, lone genius, mass immigration, megacity, Minecraft, moral panic, Murano, Venice glass, music of the spheres, Necker cube, New Urbanism, Oculus Rift, On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures, pattern recognition, peer-to-peer, pets.com, placebo effect, pneumatic tube, probability theory / Blaise Pascal / Pierre de Fermat, profit motive, QWERTY keyboard, Ray Oldenburg, SimCity, spice trade, spinning jenny, statistical model, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, supply-chain management, talking drums, the built environment, The Great Good Place, the scientific method, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, trade route, Turing machine, Turing test, Upton Sinclair, urban planning, vertical integration, Victor Gruen, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, white flight, white picket fence, Whole Earth Catalog, working poor, Wunderkammern

The automata of Merlin’s Mechanical Museum demonstrated how the pursuit of leisure and play can be, on a conceptual level, exploratory, driving the creation of new social customs, materials, technologies, markets. But the pursuit of spice was literally exploratory: those strange new flavors propelled human beings around the globe like nothing that had ever come before them. Today’s global village has its roots in the frivolity of spice. Clove harvesting This still doesn’t answer the question of why Europeans had to travel so far, assuming we aren’t satisfied with Elizabeth’s providential explanation. Why weren’t the Spanish hills teeming with pepper vines? Here the ecosystems approach to human history, most famously presented in Jared Diamond’s Guns, Germs, and Steel, offers the most enlightening explanation.

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Consider the epic success of Minecraft, an immense online universe populated by players logging in from around the world. In the case of Minecraft, of course, the world of the game itself—and the rules that govern it—are being created by that multinational community of players, in the form of mods and servers programmed and hosted by Minecraft fans. McLuhan coined the term “global village” as a metaphor for the electronic age, but if you watch a grade-schooler constructing a virtual town in Minecraft with the help of players from around the world, the phrase starts to sound more literal. The migratory history of chess, like that of most games, did not begin with some immaculate conception in the mind of some original genius game designer.

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See also Hughson’s tavern Green Dragon, 241, 243 as inns for travelers, 239–40 as a new kind of social space, 237–38, 245 rising standards of living, 239 Roman tabernae, 238, 239–40, 242 in the ruins of Pompeii, 239 technology. See also computer technology computer networks of the early 1990s, 170 digital simulations that trigger emotions, 184–85 frequency hopping, 100–101 global creation, 201–202 “global village” of Minecraft, 201 as illustrated in the work of Banu Masu and al-Jazari, 3–5, 4 multiplane camera, 179–81, 180 music’s role in developing, 91–92, 100–101 QWERTY keyboard, 86–87 textiles “Calico Madams,” 28 cotton, 26–28 East India Company, 28 economic fears regarding the import of, 28–29 French weaving industry, 79–83 inventions to aid in the production of fabric, 29, 30 Jacquard loom, 80–83, 81 vivid colors of chintz and calico, 26–27, 27 theft.

The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History Since 1900 by David Edgerton

agricultural Revolution, anti-communist, British Empire, Computer Numeric Control, conceptual framework, creative destruction, deglobalization, dematerialisation, desegregation, deskilling, Dr. Strangelove, endogenous growth, Fairchild Semiconductor, Ford Model T, general purpose technology, global village, Great Leap Forward, Haber-Bosch Process, interchangeable parts, knowledge economy, Lewis Mumford, Mahatma Gandhi, manufacturing employment, means of production, megacity, microcredit, Neil Armstrong, new economy, post-Fordism, post-industrial society, Productivity paradox, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, spinning jenny, tacit knowledge, technological determinism, the long tail, Upton Sinclair, urban planning

Wells to the press releases of NASA’s PR officials, we get a whole series of clichéd claims about technology and history. We should take them, not as well-grounded contributions to our understanding, for they rarely are that, but as the basis of questions. What have been the most significant technologies of the twentieth century? Has the world become a global village? Has culture lagged behind technology? Has technology had revolutionary or conservative social and political effects? Has new technology been responsible for the dramatic increase in economic output in the last hundred years? Has technology transformed war? Has the rate of technical change been ever increasing?

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Cotton textiles and steam power are seen as British, chemicals as German, mass production as American, consumer electronics as Japanese.10 This is despite the fact that all these countries were strong in all these technologies. On the other hand, we have techno-globalism, particularly focused on communications technologies, which endlessly repeats the idea that the world is becoming a ‘global village’. In this old-fashioned view nations are always about to disappear through the advance of globalising new technology. The steam ship, the aeroplane, the radio, and more recently television and the internet, it is argued, are forging a new global world economy and culture, and the nation is at best a temporary vehicle through which the forces of techno-globalism operate.

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European slaughterhouses, often municipally owned, as in the case of La Villette in Paris, were spaces where many butchers could work, killing their own cattle on a small scale, for local consumption.25 British slaughterhouses were tiny, supplied local markets and were not known for humane treatment of animals.26 Even the new interwar municipal abattoir in Sheffield, which had a monopoly of killing in its area, dealt with only 600 cattle a week.27 The point was not that Britain was resistant to new killing technology, or did not have access to it. Far from it, for Britain owned and used such plant on a huge scale, but it was in Fray Bentos rather than Sheffield. The British worker lived in a global village – fed with beef from the River Plate and margarine derived from South Atlantic whales. Killing animals in the long boom and after In 1906 Sinclair described ‘a line of dangling hogs a hundred yards in length; and for every yard there was a man, working as if a demon was after him’.28 Here was a disassembly line that would within a few years inspire the assembly lines of another American town, Detroit.

Victorian Internet by Tom Standage

British Empire, Charles Babbage, disinformation, financial independence, global village, invention of the telegraph, invention of the telephone, Jacquard loom, paper trading, pneumatic tube, QWERTY keyboard, technoutopianism, undersea cable

HE7631.S677 1998 384.i'o9—dc21 98-24959 CIP First published in the United States by Walker & Company in 1998 This paperback edition published 2007 eISBN: 978-0-802-71879-2 Visit Walker & Company's Web site at www.walkerbooks.com 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Typeset by Coghill Composition Company Printed in the United States of America by Quebecor World Fairfield To Dr. K CONTENTS Preface 1. The Mother of All Networks 2. Strange, Fierce Fire 3. Electric Skeptics 4. The Thrill Electric 5. Wiring the World 6. Steam-Powered Messages 7. Codes, Hackers, and Cheats 8. Love over the Wires 9. War and Peace in the Global Village 10. Information Overload 11. Decline and Fall 12. The Legacy of the Telegraph Epilogue Afterword Sources Acknowledgments PREFACE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY there were no televisions, airplanes, computers, or spacecraft; nor were there antibiotics, credit cards, microwave ovens, compact discs, or mobile phones.

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Admittedly, there was a rapid turnover of employees in major offices, and telegraphers often had to endure unsociable hours, long shifts, and stressful and unpleasant working conditions. But to become a telegrapher was to join a vast on-line community—and to seek a place among the thousands of men and women united via the worldwide web of wires that trussed up the entire planet. 9. WAR AND PEACE IN THE GLOBAL VILLAGE All the inhabitants of the earth would be brought into one intellectual neighborhood. —Alonzo Jackman, advocating an Atlantic telegraph in 1846 DESPITE THE WIDELY expressed optimism that the telegraphs would unite humanity, it was in fact only the telegraph operators who were able to communicate with each other directly.

The Googlization of Everything: by Siva Vaidhyanathan

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", 1960s counterculture, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, AltaVista, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, borderless world, Burning Man, Cass Sunstein, choice architecture, cloud computing, commons-based peer production, computer age, corporate social responsibility, correlation does not imply causation, creative destruction, data acquisition, death of newspapers, digital divide, digital rights, don't be evil, Firefox, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full text search, global pandemic, global village, Google Earth, Great Leap Forward, Howard Rheingold, Ian Bogost, independent contractor, informal economy, information retrieval, John Markoff, Joseph Schumpeter, Kevin Kelly, knowledge worker, libertarian paternalism, market fundamentalism, Marshall McLuhan, means of production, Mikhail Gorbachev, moral panic, Naomi Klein, Network effects, new economy, Nicholas Carr, PageRank, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, pirate software, radical decentralization, Ray Kurzweil, Richard Thaler, Ronald Reagan, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, single-payer health, Skype, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, social web, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, technological determinism, technoutopianism, the long tail, The Nature of the Firm, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, Thorstein Veblen, Tyler Cowen, urban decay, web application, Yochai Benkler, zero-sum game

Exhausted by trying to rebuild the classical Greek agora, we have set about trying to build a better coffeehouse.52 It’s no surprise, then, that as soon as the Internet entered public consciousness in the 1990s, cultural and communication theorists started asking whether it would enable the generation of a “global public sphere,” or, in the words of Yochai Benkler, a “networked public sphere.”53 Influenced perhaps too much by Marshall McLuhan’s model of a global village, scholars, journalists, and activists drove Habermasian terms into mainstream discussions of Internet policy and its political potential.54 Alas, the public sphere is not the best model to idealize when we think globally and dream democratically. Habermas’s public sphere is as temporally and geographically specific as Benedict Anderson’s notion of “imagined communities” and has been similarly misapplied to disparate experiences that don’t correspond to the specific historical situation examined by the original work.

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For critical perspectives on Habermas and public-sphere theory, see Calhoun, Habermas and the Public Sphere; Bruce Robbins and the Social Text Collective, The Phantom Public Sphere (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993). 53. Yochai Benkler, The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006), 212–61. 54. Marshall McLuhan, The Global Village: Transformations in World Life and Media in the 21st Century (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989). Some media theorists like Mark Poster and Jodi Dean are critical of efforts to associate a print-centered nostalgic phenomenon with the cacophony of cultural NOTES TO PAGES 137– 41 245 and political activities in global cyberspace.

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Viktor Mayer-Schönberger, Delete: The Virtue of Forgetting in the Digital Age (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009). 7. Nicholas Carr, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” Atlantic, July 2008, 56–63. 8. Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1965); Marshall McLuhan, The Global Village: Transformations in World Life and Media in the 21st Century (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989); Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (New York: Routledge, 2008). 9. Jamais Cascio, “Get Smart,” Atlantic, July 2009, 94–100. 10. Lester Ward, Dynamic Sociology (New York: D.

Present Shock: When Everything Happens Now by Douglas Rushkoff

"Hurricane Katrina" Superdome, algorithmic trading, Alvin Toffler, Andrew Keen, bank run, behavioural economics, Benoit Mandelbrot, big-box store, Black Swan, British Empire, Buckminster Fuller, business cycle, cashless society, citizen journalism, clockwork universe, cognitive dissonance, Credit Default Swap, crowdsourcing, Danny Hillis, disintermediation, Donald Trump, double helix, East Village, Elliott wave, European colonialism, Extropian, facts on the ground, Flash crash, Future Shock, game design, global pandemic, global supply chain, global village, Howard Rheingold, hypertext link, Inbox Zero, invention of agriculture, invention of hypertext, invisible hand, iterative process, James Bridle, John Nash: game theory, Kevin Kelly, laissez-faire capitalism, lateral thinking, Law of Accelerating Returns, Lewis Mumford, loss aversion, mandelbrot fractal, Marshall McLuhan, Merlin Mann, messenger bag, Milgram experiment, mirror neurons, mutually assured destruction, negative equity, Network effects, New Urbanism, Nicholas Carr, Norbert Wiener, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, passive investing, pattern recognition, peak oil, Peter Pan Syndrome, price mechanism, prisoner's dilemma, Ralph Nelson Elliott, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, scientific management, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Silicon Valley, SimCity, Skype, social graph, South Sea Bubble, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, supply-chain management, technological determinism, the medium is the message, The Wisdom of Crowds, theory of mind, Tragedy of the Commons, Turing test, upwardly mobile, Whole Earth Catalog, WikiLeaks, Y2K, zero-sum game

But this approach is still a carryover from the days of broadcast media and easy, top-down control of communications. Back in the era of television and other electronic communications technologies, a “global media” meant satellite television capable of broadcasting video of the Olympics across the globe. This was the electronically mediated world Marshall McLuhan described as the “global village”; he was satirizing the hippy values so many thought would emerge from a world brought together by their TV sets, and in his way warning us about the impact of globalism, global markets, and global superpowers on our lives and cultures. With the rise of digital media, however, we see the possibility for a reversal of this trend.

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Opera Solutions website, www.operasolutions.com/about-us. 18. Stephanie Clifford, “Thanksgiving as Day to Shop Meets Rejection,” New York Times, November 10, 2011. 19. Bill Gentner, senior vice president for marketing, quoted in Clifford, ibid. 20. Richard Barbrook, Imaginary Futures: From Thinking Machines to the Global Village (London: Pluto, 2007). 21. John Hagel, “The 2011 Shift Index: Measuring the Forces of Long-Term Change,” Deloitte & Touche—Edge Report, 2011, www.deloitte.com/us/shiftindex. 22. See my book Life Inc. (New York: Random House, 2009), 120. 23. Liz Moyer, “Fund Uses Behavioral Finance to Find Value Plays,” CBS MarketWatch, June 28, 2011, www.marketwatch.com. 24.

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For a great chronicle and analysis of the apocalypse meme, see John Michael Greer, Apocalypse Not (Berkeley, CA: Cleis Press, 2011). SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Axelrod, Robert. The Evolution of Cooperation. New York: Basic Books, 1984. Barbrook, Richard. Imaginary Futures: From Thinking Machines to the Global Village. London: Pluto, 2007. Boorstin, Daniel J. The Image: Or, What Happened to the American Dream. New York: Atheneum, 1962. Brand, Stewart. The Clock of the Long Now: Time and Responsibility. New York: Basic Books, 1999. Brockman, John. Afterwords: Explorations of the Mystical Limits of Contemporary Reality.

If Mayors Ruled the World: Dysfunctional Nations, Rising Cities by Benjamin R. Barber

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Aaron Swartz, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, American Legislative Exchange Council, Berlin Wall, bike sharing, borderless world, Boris Johnson, Bretton Woods, British Empire, car-free, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, Celebration, Florida, classic study, clean water, congestion pricing, corporate governance, Crossrail, crowdsourcing, David Brooks, desegregation, Detroit bankruptcy, digital divide, digital Maoism, digital rights, disinformation, disintermediation, edge city, Edward Glaeser, Edward Snowden, Etonian, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, feminist movement, Filter Bubble, gentrification, George Gilder, ghettoisation, global pandemic, global village, Hernando de Soto, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, In Cold Blood by Truman Capote, income inequality, informal economy, information retrieval, Jane Jacobs, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, Lewis Mumford, London Interbank Offered Rate, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, Marshall McLuhan, Masdar, megacity, microcredit, Mikhail Gorbachev, mortgage debt, mutually assured destruction, new economy, New Urbanism, Nicholas Carr, Norman Mailer, nuclear winter, obamacare, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Peace of Westphalia, Pearl River Delta, peer-to-peer, planetary scale, plutocrats, Prenzlauer Berg, profit motive, Ralph Waldo Emerson, RFID, Richard Florida, Ronald Reagan, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, SimCity, Skype, smart cities, smart meter, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, technological determinism, technological solutionism, TED Talk, Telecommunications Act of 1996, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, The future is already here, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tobin tax, Tony Hsieh, trade route, UNCLOS, UNCLOS, unpaid internship, urban sprawl, Virgin Galactic, War on Poverty, zero-sum game

Even old-line politicians such as Newt Gingrich now talk about colonizing the moon as staples of their political campaign patter. For some time, idealists and dreamers have looked even further—beyond our known urban behemoths and linked megacities—in search of Marshall McLuhan’s global village, a mote in his prescient eye sixty years ago, but today an abstraction being realized not only in digital and virtual forms like the cloud, but in global economic markets and in the complex urban networks that are our focus here. Global village indeed! The urban philosopher Constantinos Doxiadis, pursuing his own science of human development he calls Ekistics, has predicted the emergence of a single planetary city—Ecumenopolis.21 Doxiadis gives a sociological and futurist spin to science fiction writers like Isaac Asimov and William Gibson who for decades have been imagining urban agglomerations on a planetary scale.22 Just beyond the global village, pushing out from the imagined Ecumenopolis, one can catch a glimpse of Gaia, that mythic organic entity that, in the hypothesis posited by James Lovelock, is as an evolving and self-regulating system in which biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and pedosphere all work together on behalf of a sustainable and integral planet, though whether it is urban or not, or even includes humanity, remains a puzzle.

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The urban philosopher Constantinos Doxiadis, pursuing his own science of human development he calls Ekistics, has predicted the emergence of a single planetary city—Ecumenopolis.21 Doxiadis gives a sociological and futurist spin to science fiction writers like Isaac Asimov and William Gibson who for decades have been imagining urban agglomerations on a planetary scale.22 Just beyond the global village, pushing out from the imagined Ecumenopolis, one can catch a glimpse of Gaia, that mythic organic entity that, in the hypothesis posited by James Lovelock, is as an evolving and self-regulating system in which biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and pedosphere all work together on behalf of a sustainable and integral planet, though whether it is urban or not, or even includes humanity, remains a puzzle.

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., 299 Garbage collection, 6, 13 “Garden City,” 35–36, 47, 365n21 Gary, Indiana, decline, 379–380n43 Gated community, 197 Gay marriage, 167 GDP (gross domestic product), 55–58 Gemeinschaft, 42, 58, 68, 69 Gender inequality in India, 181, 377n15 Gentle Parking, 230 Germany, electronic networks in, 264 Gesellschaft, 42, 63, 69 Ghettoization of suburbs, 189 Gibson, William (Bill), 241, 263 Gilligan, Carol, 282 Giuliani, Rudy, 92, 95, 107 Glaeser, Edward, 4, 14 Global Association of Cities, 356 Global cities, 16, 65–66, 116 Global Citizen, 312, 397n26 Global Citizen Network, 312, 398n27 Global civic infrastructure, 301–302, 319, 320–321 Global governance: by cities, 163–166; cities unimpeded by nation-states in, 163–171; failure of nation-states in, 153–163; implementation of, 348–350 Globalization, 4, 11–12, 65, 77, 169, 302, 304, 343, 358 Global markets, 12 Global Network on Safer Cities, 122–123 Global parliament of mayors, 336–359; and bottom-up democracy, 336–340; forms, 352–355; funding, 356; implementation, 348–350; and interdependence, 357–359; key principles, 355; and networks, 138–140; proposal for, 340–342; representation, 342–348; trial run, 355–356; and unique role of mayors, 350–352 Global village, 17 Global warming. See Climate change Glocal civil society, 299–332; autarky, 321–325; autonomy, 328–332; and city networks, 316–319; city visas, 325–328; confederalism and municipal authority, 301, 319, 320–321; infrastructure, 301–302, 319, 320–321; NGOs and MNCs, 310–315; participatory budgeting, 303–309 Glocality, 5, 21–22, 217, 320, 341 Goethe Haus, 291–292 Goldwyn, Sam, 272 Google, 253, 254, 256, 258 Grameen Bank, 229–230, 385–386n32 Gross domestic product (GDP), 55–58 Groupware, 392n50 Gun control, 6, 89, 112–113, 129–130, 148–149 Hackers, 259, 391n36 Hamburg in Hanseatic League, 109, 371n1 Handgun ban.

Makeshift Metropolis: Ideas About Cities by Witold Rybczynski

benefit corporation, big-box store, carbon footprint, Celebration, Florida, City Beautiful movement, classic study, company town, cross-subsidies, David Brooks, death of newspapers, deindustrialization, edge city, Edward Glaeser, fixed income, Frank Gehry, garden city movement, General Motors Futurama, gentrification, global village, Guggenheim Bilbao, Jane Jacobs, Lewis Mumford, megaproject, megastructure, New Urbanism, Peter Eisenman, Seaside, Florida, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, upwardly mobile, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, Victor Gruen, working poor, Works Progress Administration, young professional

The Technological Reshaping of Metropolitan America, a 1995 report of the federal Office of Technology Assessment, concluded, “Given the technological and economic trends toward decentralization, America’s central and inner cities are unlikely to regain their earlier dominance.”8 Decentralization suits an economy that depends on flexibility, adaptability, and rapid change. Dispersal also suits an increasingly heterogeneous society, which is the exact opposite of what is implied by that misleading term global village. Despite living in an urban civilization, Americans are not more alike today; they are more dissimilar, and dispersal accommodates these differences. Horizontal cities have another characteristic—they tend to be new. During the industrial era, advanced infrastructure, good ports, and large workforces gave established cities a head start.

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See also Howard, Ebenezer; specific example Garreau, Joel, 109–10, 174, 178 Garvin, Alexander, 80, 120 gated communities, 76 Geddes, Patrick, 63, 195, 196 Gehry, Frank, 133–35, 137, 138 General Motors, 48 General Services Administration (GSA), 155–56, 161 George, Henry, 70 Georgetown (Washington, D.C.), 113 Germany: Olmsted Jr.’s trip to, 33, 34 Ghiradelli Square (San Francisco), 120, 121, 122, 124, 158 Glaeser, Edward L., 169, 175 Glazer, Nathan, 55–57, 58, 60, 89–90 global village, 168 Goldberger, Paul, 130 Goldman, Sylvan N., 103 government: and mixed-use centers, 146, 154–55, 161–62 Graham, John Jr., 97 Grand Central Station (New York City), 26, 84, 85 Grand Junction, Colorado, 174 Grant Park (Chicago), 117 Gray, Eileen, 41 Great Britain: Olmsted Jr.’s trip to, 33, 34 Great Depression, 25, 51, 80, 85, 135, 149, 198 green buildings, 188 Greenwich, Connecticut, 166 Greenwich Village (New York City), 57, 64, 89, 90, 91 grid planning model, 9, 13, 40, 71, 108, 164 Gropius, Walter, 46 Gruen, Victor, 82, 98 Guggenheim Museum (Bilbao, Spain), 133–35, 137, 140 Gulf Oil Corporation, 108 Gwathmey, Charles, 131 Habitat 67, 190 Hall of Fame (Seattle), 137 Hampstead Garden Suburb (England), 32–33 Harborplace (Baltimore), 125, 128 Harlem (New York City), 62–63, 79 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 114–16 Harvard Graduate School of Design: Jacobs speech at, 52–53, 57 Harvard University: architecture program at, 33; city planning program at, 23 Haskell, Douglas, 52 Haussmann, Georges-Eugène, 94 Heroes Park (New York City), 141, 143 high-rise buildings, 81, 87, 92.

From Satori to Silicon Valley: San Francisco and the American Counterculture by Theodore Roszak

Buckminster Fuller, germ theory of disease, global village, Hacker News, Haight Ashbury, Internet Archive, Marshall McLuhan, megastructure, Menlo Park, Murray Bookchin, Norbert Wiener, Silicon Valley, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, upwardly mobile, Whole Earth Catalog

But none of this seemed dome to matter to the enthusiasts; by virtue of Fuller's intoxicating rhetoric and boundless optimism, the dome was seen as an icon of our social salvation. Fuller nophiliac was not alone in extrapolating the tech- vision of postindustrial were others, each of whom became, countercultural secret of building a at There favorite. McLuhan, who saw history. the electronic new some was There point, a Marshall media as the "global village" that was 30 somehow cozy, participative, and yet at the same time technologically sophisticated. There was Paolo Soleri, who believed that the solution to the ecologi- modern world was the building of megastructural "arcologies" - beehive cities in cal crisis of the which the urban billions could tally environments.

The Age of Illusions: How America Squandered Its Cold War Victory by Andrew J. Bacevich

affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Alan Greenspan, anti-communist, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, clean water, Columbian Exchange, Credit Default Swap, cuban missile crisis, David Brooks, deindustrialization, Donald Trump, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, friendly fire, gig economy, Glass-Steagall Act, global village, Gordon Gekko, greed is good, Greenspan put, illegal immigration, income inequality, Jeff Bezos, Kickstarter, Marshall McLuhan, mass incarceration, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, Monroe Doctrine, Norman Mailer, obamacare, Occupy movement, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, planetary scale, plutocrats, Potemkin village, price stability, Project for a New American Century, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan: Tear down this wall, Saturday Night Live, school choice, Seymour Hersh, Silicon Valley, Steve Bannon, Thomas L Friedman, too big to fail, traumatic brain injury, trickle-down economics, We are all Keynesians now, WikiLeaks

To some, globalization suggested “the compression of the world” and the emergence of a collective consciousness.4 According to this view, the passing of Cold War divisions and the proliferation of information technology pointed toward greater interdependence and enhanced human solidarity. Planet Earth was becoming a “global village.”5 Implicit in this formulation were expectations of those villagers sooner or later coalescing around Western notions of modernity, where Western meant American and modernity implied submission to the dictates of the marketplace. The adoption of globalization to describe this process implied that something unprecedented was afoot—something crying out for linguistic razzle-dazzle.

…

The phrase is attributed to Marshall McLuhan, reflecting in 1968 on the proliferation of electronic media. “Today electronics and automation make mandatory,” he wrote, “that everybody adjust to the vast global environment as if it were his little home town.” Marshall McLuhan and Quentin Fiore, War and Peace in the Global Village (New York, 1968), 12. 6. William Graham Sumner, The Forgotten Man and Other Essays (New Haven, Connecticut, 1879 [rpt. 1919]), 215. 7. On the former, see Alfred W. Crosby Jr., The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (Westport, Connecticut, 1972). 8. Thomas L.

The Great Delusion: Liberal Dreams and International Realities by John J. Mearsheimer

"World Economic Forum" Davos, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Ayatollah Khomeini, Cass Sunstein, Chelsea Manning, Clive Stafford Smith, Donald Trump, drone strike, Edward Snowden, failed state, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, global village, Great Leap Forward, Gunnar Myrdal, invisible hand, laissez-faire capitalism, liberal world order, military-industrial complex, Monroe Doctrine, mutually assured destruction, Peace of Westphalia, Richard Thaler, Ronald Reagan, South China Sea, Steven Pinker, Suez crisis 1956, Ted Kaczynski, Thomas L Friedman, transaction costs

Sutton, and Robert Wuthnow, “Exploring the Social Sources of Denominationalism: Schisms in American Protestant Denominations, 1890–1980,” American Sociological Review 53, no. 3 (June 1988): 343–52. Also see James R. Lewis and Sarah M. Lewis, eds., Sacred Schisms: How Religions Divide (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009). 60. On the problem of projecting power in the modern world, see Patrick Porter, The Global Village Myth: Distance, War, and the Limits of Power (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2015). On the “stopping power of water,” see John J. Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, updated ed. (New York: Norton, 2014), pp. 114–28. 61. Schmitt writes: “One could test all theories of state and political ideas according to their anthropology and thereby classify these as to whether they consciously or unconsciously presuppose man to be by nature evil or by nature good.”

…

Harcourt, The Illusion of Free Markets: Punishment and the Myth of Natural Order (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011). 68. See Daniel Deudney’s discussion of how nuclear weapons increase “violence interdependence” among states, which has significant effects on both domestic and international politics. Deudney, Bounding Power: Republican Security Theory from the Polis to the Global Village (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007). 69. Jennifer Mittelstadt, The Rise of the Military Welfare State (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015). 70. Morris Janowitz, Social Control of the Welfare State (New York: Elsevier, 1976), pp. 37–38. Also see Ellis W. Hawley, The Great War and the Search for a Modern Order: A History of the American People and Their Institutions, 1917–1933 (New York: St.

…

Anderson turns to nationalism to help explain those conflicts between communist states. 63. See Luis Cabrera, Global Governance, Global Government: Institutional Visions for an Evolving World System (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2011), chap. 2; Daniel Deudney, Bounding Power: Republican Security Theory from the Polis to the Global Village (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007); Alexander Wendt, “Why a World State Is Inevitable,” European Journal of International Relations 9, no. 4 (December 2003): 491–542. There has been considerable interest in the possibility of a world state in the United States at different points in the past.

Who Owns the Future? by Jaron Lanier

3D printing, 4chan, Abraham Maslow, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, augmented reality, automated trading system, barriers to entry, bitcoin, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, book scanning, book value, Burning Man, call centre, carbon credits, carbon footprint, cloud computing, commoditize, company town, computer age, Computer Lib, crowdsourcing, data science, David Brooks, David Graeber, delayed gratification, digital capitalism, digital Maoism, digital rights, Douglas Engelbart, en.wikipedia.org, Everything should be made as simple as possible, facts on the ground, Filter Bubble, financial deregulation, Fractional reserve banking, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Garrett Hardin, George Akerlof, global supply chain, global village, Haight Ashbury, hive mind, if you build it, they will come, income inequality, informal economy, information asymmetry, invisible hand, Ivan Sutherland, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, Kevin Kelly, Khan Academy, Kickstarter, Kodak vs Instagram, life extension, Long Term Capital Management, machine translation, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, meta-analysis, Metcalfe’s law, moral hazard, mutually assured destruction, Neal Stephenson, Network effects, new economy, Norbert Wiener, obamacare, off-the-grid, packet switching, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Peter Thiel, place-making, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, post-oil, pre–internet, Project Xanadu, race to the bottom, Ray Kurzweil, rent-seeking, reversible computing, Richard Feynman, Ronald Reagan, scientific worldview, self-driving car, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, smart meter, stem cell, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Stewart Brand, synthetic biology, tech billionaire, technological determinism, Ted Nelson, The Market for Lemons, Thomas Malthus, too big to fail, Tragedy of the Commons, trickle-down economics, Turing test, Vannevar Bush, WikiLeaks, zero-sum game

Free Rise Make Others Pay for Entropy Bills Are Boring Coattails The Closing Act Stories Are Nothing Without Ideas FIFTH INTERLUDE: THE WISE OLD MAN IN THE CLOUDS The Limits of Emergence as an Explanation The Global Triumph of Turing’s Humor Digital and Pre-digital Theocracy What Is Experience? PART SIX Democracy 16. Complaint Is Not Enough Governments Are Learning the Tricks of Siren Servers Alienating the Global Village Electoral Siren Servers Maybe the Way We Complain Is Part of the Problem 17. Clout Must Underlie Rights, if Rights Are to Persist Melodramas Are Tenacious Emphasizing the Middle Class Is in the Interests of Everyone A Better Peak Waiting to Be Discovered SIXTH INTERLUDE: THE POCKET PROTECTOR IN THE SAFFRON ROBE The Most Ancient Marketing Monks and Nerds (or, Chip Monks) It’s All About I “Abundance” Evolves Childhood and Apocalypse PART SEVEN Ted Nelson 18.

…

On the world stage, the same conundrum makes it harder for developing nations to sprout good jobs for educated people, because information flow is currently fated to be “free.” No one expects Twitter to help create jobs in Cairo. It’s impossible to divorce politics from economic reality. Alienating the Global Village Economic interdependence has lessened the chances of war between interconnected nations. This is the gift I thanked Wal-Mart for earlier. Unfortunately, by forcing more and more value off the books as the world economy turns into an information economy, the ideal of “free” information could erode economic interdependencies between nations.

…

., 129–30, 261, 328 “Forum,” 214 Foucault, Michel, 308n 4chan, 335 4′33″ (Cage), 212 fractional reserve system, 33 Franco, Francisco, 159–60 freedom, 13–15, 32–33, 90–92, 277–78, 336 freelancing, 253–54 Free Print Shop, 228 “free rise,” 182–89, 355 free speech, 223, 225 free will, 166–68 “friction,” 179, 225, 230, 235, 354 Friendster, 180, 181 Fukuyama, Francis, 165, 189 fundamentalism, 131, 193–94 future: chaos in, 165–66, 273n, 331 economic analysis of, 1–3, 15, 22, 37, 38, 40–41, 42, 67, 122, 143, 148–52, 153, 155–56, 204, 208, 209, 236, 259, 274, 288, 298–99, 311, 362n, 363 humanistic economy for, 194, 209, 233–351 361–367 “humors” of, 124–40, 230 modern conception of, 123–40, 193–94, 255 natural basis of, 125, 127, 128–29 optimism about, 32–35, 45, 130, 138–40, 218, 230n, 295 politics of, 13–18, 22–25, 85, 122, 124–26, 128, 134–37, 199–234, 295–96, 342 technological trends in, 7–18, 21, 53–54, 60–61, 66–67, 85–86, 87, 97–98, 129–38, 157–58, 182, 188–90, 193–96, 217 utopian conception of, 13–18, 21, 30, 31, 37–38, 45–46, 96, 128, 130, 167, 205, 207, 265, 267, 270, 283, 290, 291, 308–9, 316 future-oriented money, 32–34, 35 Gadget, 186 Gallant, Jack, 111–12 games, 362, 363 Gates, Bill, 93 Gattaca, 130 Gawker, 118n Gelernter, David, 313 “general” machines, 158 General Motors, 56–57 general relativity theory, 167n Generation X, 346 genetic engineering, 130 genetics, 109–10, 130, 131, 146–47, 329, 366 genomics, 109–10, 146–47, 366 Germany, 45 Ghostery, 109 ghost suburbs, 296 Gibson, William, 137, 309 Gizmodo, 117–18 Global Business Network (GBN), 214–15 global climate change, 17, 32, 53, 132, 133, 134, 203, 266, 295, 296–97, 301–2, 331 global economy, 33n, 153–56, 173, 201, 214–15, 280 global village, 201 God, 29, 30–31, 139 Golden Goblet, 121, 121, 175, 328 golden rule, 335–36 gold standard, 34 Google, 14, 15, 19, 69, 74, 75–76, 90, 94, 106, 110, 120, 128, 153, 154, 170, 171, 174, 176, 180, 181–82, 188, 191, 192, 193, 199–200, 201, 209, 210, 217, 225, 227, 246, 249, 265, 267, 272, 278, 280, 286, 305n, 307, 309–10, 322, 325, 330, 344, 348, 352 Google Goggles, 309–10 Googleplex, 199–200 goops, 85–89, 99 Gore, Al, 80n Graeber, David, 30n granularity, 277 graph-shaped networks, 241, 242–43 Great Britain, 200 Great Depression, 69–70, 75, 135, 299 Great Recession, 31, 54, 60, 76–77, 204, 311, 336–37 Greece, 22–25, 45, 125 Grigorov, Mario, 267 guitars, 154 guns, 310–11 Gurdjieff, George, 215, 216 gurus, 211–13 hackers, 14, 82, 265, 306–7, 345–46 Hardin, Garrett, 66n Hartmann, Thom, 33n Hayek, Friedrich, 204 health care, 66–67, 95, 98–99, 100, 132–33, 153–54, 249, 253, 258, 337, 346 health insurance, 66–67, 95, 98–99, 100, 153–54 Hearts and Minds, 353n heart surgery, 11–13, 17, 18, 157–58 heat, 56 hedge funds, 69, 106, 137 Hephaestus, 22, 23 high-dimensional problems, 145 high-frequency trading, 56, 76–78, 154 highways, 79–80, 345 Hinduism, 214 Hippocrates, 124n Hiroshima bombing (1945), 127 Hollywood, 204, 206, 242 holographic radiation, 11 Homebrew Club, 228 homelessness, 151 homeopathy, 131–32 Homer, 23, 55 Honan, Mat, 82 housing market, 33, 46, 49–52, 61, 78, 95–96, 99, 193, 224, 227, 239, 245, 255, 274n, 289n, 296, 298, 300, 301 HTML, 227, 230 Huffington Post, 176, 180, 189 human agency, 8–21, 50–52, 85, 88, 91, 124–40, 144, 165–66, 175–78, 191–92, 193, 217, 253–64, 274–75, 283–85, 305–6, 328, 341–51, 358–60, 361, 362, 365–67 humanistic information economy, 194, 209, 233–351 361–367 human reproduction, 131 humors (tropes), 124–40, 157, 170, 230 hunter-gatherer societies, 131, 261–62 hyperefficient markets, 39, 42–43 hypermedia, 224–30, 245 hyper-unemployment, 7–8 hypotheses, 113, 128, 151 IBM, 191 identity, 14–15, 82, 124, 173–74, 175, 248–51, 283–90, 305, 306, 307, 315–16, 319–21 identity theft, 82, 315–16 illusions, 55, 110n, 120–21, 135, 154–56, 195, 257 immigration, 91, 97, 346 immortality, 193, 218, 253, 263–64, 325–31, 367 imports, 70 income levels, 10, 46–47, 50–54, 152, 178, 270–71, 287–88, 291–94, 338–39, 365 incrementalism, 239–40 indentured servitude, 33n, 158 India, 54, 211–13 industrialization, 49, 83, 85–89, 123, 132, 154, 343 infant mortality rates, 17, 134 infinity, 55–56 inflation, 32, 33–34 information: age of, 15–17, 42, 166, 241 ambiguity of, 41, 53–54, 155–56 asymmetry of, 54–55, 61–66, 118, 188, 203, 246–48, 285–88, 291–92, 310 behavior influenced by, 32, 121, 131, 173–74, 286–87 collection of, 61–62, 108–9 context of, 143–44, 178, 188–89, 223–24, 225, 245–46, 247, 248–51, 338, 356–57, 360 correlations in, 75–76, 114–15, 192, 274–75 for decision-making, 63–64, 184, 266, 269–75, 284n digital networks for, see digital networks duplication of, 50–52, 61, 74, 78, 88, 223–30, 239–40, 253–64, 277, 317–24, 335, 349 economic impact of, 1–3, 8–9, 15–17, 18, 19–20, 21, 35, 60–61, 92–97, 118, 185, 188, 201, 207, 209, 241–43, 245–46, 246–48, 256–58, 263, 283–87, 291–303, 331, 361–67 in education, 92–97 encrypted, 14–15, 175, 239–40, 305–8, 345 false, 119–21, 186, 275n, 287–88, 299–300 filters for, 119–20, 200, 225, 356–57 free, 7–9, 15–16, 50–52, 61, 74, 78, 88, 214, 223–30, 239–40, 246, 253–64, 277, 317–24, 335, 349 history of, 29–31 human agency in, 22–25, 69–70, 120–21, 122, 190–91 interpretation of, 29n, 114–15, 116, 120–21, 129–32, 154, 158, 178, 183, 184, 188–89 investment, 59–60, 179–85 life cycle of, 175–76 patterns in, 178, 183, 184, 188–89 privacy of, see privacy provenance of, 245–46, 247, 338 sampling of, 71–72, 191, 221, 224–26, 259 shared, 50–52, 61, 74, 78, 88, 100, 223–30, 239–40, 253–64, 277, 317–24, 335, 349 signals in, 76–78, 148, 293–94 storage of, 29, 167n, 184–85; see also cloud processors and storage; servers superior, 61–66, 114, 128, 143, 171, 246–48 technology of, 7, 32–35, 49, 66n, 71–72, 109, 110, 116, 120, 125n, 126, 135, 136, 254, 312–16, 317 transparency of, 63–66, 74–78, 118, 190–91, 306–7 two-way links in, 1–2, 227, 245, 289 value of, 1–3, 15–16, 20, 210, 235–43, 257–58, 259, 261–63, 271–75, 321–24, 358–60 see also big data; data infrastructure, 79–80, 87, 179, 201, 290, 345 initial public offerings (IPOs), 103 ink, 87, 331 Inner Directeds, 215 Instagram, 2, 53 instant prices, 272, 275, 288, 320 insurance industry, 44, 56, 60, 66–67, 95, 98–99, 100, 153–54, 203, 306 intellectual property, 44, 47, 49, 60, 61, 96, 102, 183, 204, 205–10, 223, 224–26, 236, 239–40, 246, 253–64 intelligence agencies, 56, 61, 199–200, 291, 346 intelligence tests, 39, 40 interest rates, 81 Internet: advertising on, 14, 20, 24, 42, 66, 81, 107, 109, 114, 129, 154, 169–74, 177, 182, 207, 227, 242, 266–67, 275, 286, 291, 322–24, 347–48, 354, 355 anonymity of, 172, 248–51, 283–90 culture of, 13–15, 25 development of, 69, 74, 79–80, 89, 129–30, 159, 162, 190–96, 223, 228 economic impact of, 1–2, 18, 19–20, 24, 31, 43, 60–66, 79–82, 117, 136–37, 169–74, 181, 186 employment and, 2, 7–8, 56–57, 60, 71–74, 79, 117, 123, 135, 149, 178, 201, 257–58 file sharing on, 50–52, 61, 74, 78, 88, 100, 223–30, 239–40, 253–64, 277, 317–24, 335, 349 free products and services of, 7n, 10, 60–61, 73, 81, 82, 90, 94–96, 97, 128, 154, 176, 183, 187, 201, 205–10, 234, 246–48, 253–64, 283–88, 289, 308–9, 317–24, 337–38, 348–50, 366 human contributions to, 19–21, 128, 129–30, 191–92, 253–64 identity in, 14–15, 82, 173–74, 175, 283–90, 315–16 investment in, 117–20, 181 legal issues in, 63, 79–82, 204, 206, 318–19 licensing agreements for, 79–82 as network, 2–3, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19–21, 31, 49, 50–51, 53, 54–55, 56, 57, 75, 92, 129–30, 143–48, 228–29, 259, 286–87, 308–9 political aspect of, 13–15, 205–10 search engines for, 51, 60, 70, 81, 120, 191, 267, 289, 293; see also Google security of, 14–15, 175, 239–40, 305–8, 345 surveillance of, 1–2, 11, 14, 50–51, 64, 71–72, 99, 108–9, 114–15, 120–21, 152, 177n, 199–200, 201, 206–7, 234–35, 246, 272, 291, 305, 309–11, 315, 316, 317, 319–24 transparency of, 63–66, 176, 205–6, 278, 291, 308–9, 316, 336 websites on, 80, 170, 200, 201, 343 Internet2, 69 Internet service providers (ISPs), 171–72 Interstate Highway System, 79–80, 345 “In-valid,” 130 inventors, 117–20 investment, financial, 45, 50, 59–67, 74–80, 115, 116–20, 155, 179–85, 208, 218, 257, 258, 277–78, 298, 301, 348, 350 Invisible Hand humor, 126, 128 IP addresses, 248 iPads, 267 Iran, 199, 200 irony, 130 Islam, 184 Italy, 133 Jacquard programmable looms, 23n “jailbreaking,” 103–4 Japan, 85, 97, 98, 133 Jeopardy, 191 Jeremijenko, Natalie, 302 jingles, 267 jobs, see employment Jobs, Steve, 93, 166n, 192, 358 JOBS Act (2012), 117n journalism, 92, 94 Kapital, Das (Marx), 136 Keynesianism, 38, 151–52, 204, 209, 274, 288 Khan Academy, 94 Kickstarter, 117–20, 186–87, 343 Kindle, 352 Kinect, 89n, 265 “Kirk’s Wager,” 139 Klout, 365 Kodak, 2, 53 Kottke, Dan, 211 KPFA, 136 Kurzweil, Ray, 127, 325, 327 Kushner, Tony, 165, 189 LaBerge, Stephen, 162 labor, human, 85, 86, 87, 88, 99–100, 257–58, 292 labor unions, 44, 47–48, 49, 96, 239, 240 Laffer curve, 149–51, 150, 152 Las Vegas, Nev., 296, 298 lawyers, 98–99, 100, 136, 184, 318–19 leadership, 341–51 legacy prices, 272–75, 288 legal issues, 49, 63, 74–82, 98–99, 100, 104–5, 108, 136, 184, 204, 206, 318–19 Lehman Brothers, 188 lemonade stands, 79–82 “lemons,” 118–19 Lennon, John, 211, 213 levees, economic, 43–45, 46, 47, 48, 49–50, 52, 92, 94, 96, 98, 108, 171, 176n, 224–25, 239–43, 253–54, 263, 345 leveraged mortgages, 49–50, 61, 227, 245, 289n, 296 liberal arts, 97 liberalism, 135–36, 148, 152, 202, 204, 208, 235, 236, 251, 253, 256, 265, 293, 350 libertarianism, 14, 34, 80, 202, 208, 210, 262, 321 liberty, 13–15, 32–33, 90–92, 277–78, 336 licensing agreements, 79–82 “Lifestreams” (Gelernter), 313 Lights in the Tunnel, The (Ford), 56n Linux, 206, 253, 291, 344 litigation, 98–99, 100, 104–5, 108, 184 loans, 32–33, 42, 43, 74, 151–52, 306 local advantages, 64, 94–95, 143–44, 153–56, 173, 203, 280 Local/Global Flip, 153–56, 173, 280 locked-in software, 172–73, 182, 273–74 logical copies, 223 Long-Term Capital Management, 49, 74–75 looms, 22, 23n, 24 loopholes, tax, 77 lotteries, 338–39 lucid dreaming, 162 Luddites, 135, 136 lyres, 22, 23n, 24 machines, 19–20, 86, 92, 123, 129–30, 158, 261, 309–11, 328 see also computers “Machine Stops, The” (Forster), 129–30, 261, 328 machine translations, 19–20 machine vision, 309–11 McMillen, Keith, 117 magic, 110, 115, 151, 178, 216, 338 Malthus, Thomas, 132, 134 Malthusian humor, 125, 127, 132–33 management, 49 manufacturing sector, 49, 85–89, 99, 123, 154, 343 market economies, see economies, market marketing, 211–13, 266–67, 306, 346 “Markets for Lemons” problem, 118–19 Markoff, John, 213 marriage, 167–68, 274–75, 286 Marxism, 15, 22, 37–38, 48, 136–37, 262 as humor, 126 mash-ups, 191, 221, 224–26, 259 Maslow, Abraham, 260, 315 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 75, 93, 94, 96–97, 157–58, 184 mass media, 7, 66, 86, 109, 120, 135, 136, 185–86, 191, 216, 267 material extinction, 125 materialism, 125n, 195 mathematics, 11, 20, 40–41, 70, 71–72, 75–78, 116, 148, 155, 161, 189n, 273n see also statistics Matrix, The, 130, 137, 155 Maxwell, James Clerk, 55 Maxwell’s Demon, 55–56 mechanicals, 49, 51n Mechanical Turk, 177–78, 185, 187, 349 Medicaid, 99 medicine, 11–13, 17, 18, 54, 66–67, 97–106, 131, 132–33, 134, 150, 157–58, 325, 346, 363, 366–67 Meetings with Remarkable Men (Gurdjieff), 215 mega-dossiers, 60 memes, 124 Memex, 221n memories, 131, 312–13, 314 meta-analysis, 112 metaphysics, 12, 127, 139, 193–95 Metcalf’s Law, 169n, 350 Mexico City, 159–62 microfilm, 221n microorganisms, 162 micropayments, 20, 226, 274–75, 286–87, 317, 337–38, 365 Microsoft, 19, 89, 265 Middle Ages, 190 middle class, 2, 3, 9, 11, 16–17, 37–38, 40, 42–45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 60, 74, 79, 91, 92, 95, 98, 171, 205, 208, 210, 224–25, 239–43, 246, 253–54, 259, 262, 263, 280, 291–94, 331, 341n, 344, 345, 347, 354 milling machines, 86 mind reading, 111 Minority Report, 130, 310 Minsky, Marvin, 94, 157–58, 217, 326, 330–31 mission statements, 154–55 Mixed (Augmented) Reality, 312–13, 314, 315 mobile phones, 34n, 39, 85, 87, 162, 172, 182n, 192, 229, 269n, 273, 314, 315, 331 models, economic, 40–41, 148–52, 153, 155–56 modernity, 123–40, 193–94, 255 molds, 86 monetization, 172, 176n, 185, 186, 207, 210, 241–43, 255–56, 258, 260–61, 263, 298, 331, 338, 344–45 money, 3, 21, 29–35, 86, 108, 124, 148, 152, 154, 155, 158, 172, 185, 241–43, 278–79, 284–85, 289, 364 monocultures, 94 monopolies, 60, 65–66, 169–74, 181–82, 187–88, 190, 202, 326, 350 Moondust, 362n Moore’s Law, 9–18, 20, 153, 274–75, 288 morality, 29–34, 35, 42, 50–52, 54, 71–74, 188, 194–95, 252–64, 335–36 Morlocks, 137 morning-after pill, 104 morphing, 162 mortality, 193, 218, 253, 263–64, 325–31, 367 mortgages, 33, 46, 49–52, 61, 78, 95–96, 99, 224, 227, 239, 245, 255, 274n, 289n, 296, 300 motivation, 7–18, 85–86, 97–98, 216 motivational speakers, 216 movies, 111–12, 130, 137, 165, 192, 193, 204, 206, 256, 261–62, 277–78, 310 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 23n MRI, 111n music industry, 11, 18, 22, 23–24, 42, 47–51, 54, 61, 66, 74, 78, 86, 88, 89, 92, 94, 95–96, 97, 129, 132, 134–35, 154, 157, 159–62, 186–87, 192, 206–7, 224, 227, 239, 253, 266–67, 281, 318, 347, 353, 354, 355, 357 Myspace, 180 Nancarrow, Conlon, 159–62 Nancarrow, Yoko, 161 nanopayments, 20, 226, 274–75, 286–87, 317, 337–38, 365 nanorobots, 11, 12, 17 nanotechnology, 11, 12, 17, 87, 162 Napster, 92 narcissism, 153–56, 188, 201 narratives, 165–66, 199 National Security Agency (NSA), 199–200 natural medicine, 131 Nelson, Ted, 128, 221, 228, 245, 349–50 Nelsonian systems, 221–30, 335 Nelson’s humor, 128 Netflix, 192, 223 “net neutrality,” 172 networked cameras, 309–11, 319 networks, see digital networks neutrinos, 110n New Age, 211–17 Newmark, Craig, 177n New Mexico, 159, 203 newspapers, 109, 135, 177n, 225, 284, 285n New York, N.Y., 75, 91, 266–67 New York Times, 109 Nobel Prize, 40, 118, 143n nodes, network, 156, 227, 230, 241–43, 350 “no free lunch” principle, 55–56, 59–60 nondeterministic music, 23n nonlinear solutions, 149–50 nonprofit share sites, 59n, 94–95 nostalgia, 129–32 NRO, 199–200 nuclear power, 133 nuclear weapons, 127, 296 nursing, 97–100, 123, 296n nursing homes, 97–100, 269 Obama, Barack, 79, 100 “Obamacare,” 100n obsolescence, 89, 95 oil resources, 43, 133 online stores, 171 Ono, Yoko, 212 ontologies, 124n, 196 open-source applications, 206, 207, 272, 310–11 optical illusions, 121 optimism, 32–35, 45, 130, 138–40, 218, 230n, 295 optimization, 144–47, 148, 153, 154–55, 167, 202, 203 Oracle, 265 Orbitz, 63, 64, 65 organ donors, 190, 191 ouroboros, 154 outcomes, economic, 40–41, 144–45 outsourcing, 177–78, 185 Owens, Buck, 256 packet switching, 228–29 Palmer, Amanda, 186–87 Pandora, 192 panopticons, 308 papacy, 190 paper money, 34n parallel computers, 147–48, 149, 151 paranoia, 309 Parrish, Maxfield, 214 particle interactions, 196 party machines, 202 Pascal, Blaise, 132, 139 Pascal’s Wager, 139 passwords, 307, 309 “past-oriented money,” 29–31, 35, 284–85 patterns, information, 178, 183, 184, 188–89 Paul, Ron, 33n Pauli exclusion principle, 181, 202 PayPal, 60, 93, 326 peasants, 565 pensions, 95, 99 Perestroika (Kushner), 165 “perfect investments,” 59–67, 77–78 performances, musical, 47–48, 51, 186–87, 253 perpetual motion, 55 Persian Gulf, 86 personal computers (PCs), 158, 182n, 214, 223, 229 personal information systems, 110, 312–16, 317 Pfizer, 265 pharmaceuticals industry, 66–67, 100–106, 123, 136, 203 philanthropy, 117 photography, 53, 89n, 92, 94, 309–11, 318, 319, 321 photo-sharing services, 53 physical trades, 292 physicians, 66–67 physics, 88, 153n, 167n Picasso, Pablo, 108 Pinterest, 180–81, 183 Pirate Party, 49, 199, 206, 226, 253, 284, 318 placebos, 112 placement fees, 184 player pianos, 160–61 plutocracy, 48, 291–94, 355 police, 246, 310, 311, 319–21, 335 politics, 13–18, 21, 22–25, 47–48, 85, 122, 124–26, 128, 134–37, 149–51, 155, 167, 199–234, 295–96, 342 see also conservatism; liberalism; libertarianism Ponzi schemes, 48 Popper, Karl, 189n popular culture, 111–12, 130, 137–38, 139, 159 “populating the stack,” 273 population, 17, 34n, 86, 97–100, 123, 125, 132, 133, 269, 296n, 325–26, 346 poverty, 37–38, 42, 44, 53–54, 93–94, 137, 148, 167, 190, 194, 253, 256, 263, 290, 291–92 power, personal, 13–15, 53, 60, 62–63, 86, 114, 116, 120, 122, 158, 166, 172–73, 175, 190, 199, 204, 207, 208, 278–79, 290, 291, 302–3, 308–9, 314, 319, 326, 344, 360 Presley, Elvis, 211 Priceline, 65 pricing strategies, 1–2, 43, 60–66, 72–74, 145, 147–48, 158, 169–74, 226, 261, 272–75, 289, 317–24, 331, 337–38 printers, 90, 99, 154, 162, 212, 269, 310–11, 316, 331, 347, 348, 349 privacy, 1–2, 11, 13–15, 25, 50–51, 64, 99, 108–9, 114–15, 120–21, 152, 177n, 199–200, 201, 204, 206–7, 234–35, 246, 272, 291, 305, 309–13, 314, 315–16, 317, 319–24 privacy rights, 13–15, 25, 204, 305, 312–13, 314, 315–16, 321–22 product design and development, 85–89, 117–20, 128, 136–37, 145, 154, 236 productivity, 7, 56–57, 134–35 profit margins, 59n, 71–72, 76–78, 94–95, 116, 177n, 178, 179, 207, 258, 274–75, 321–22 progress, 9–18, 20, 21, 37, 43, 48, 57, 88, 98, 123, 124–40, 130–37, 256–57, 267, 325–31, 341–42 promotions, 62 property values, 52 proprietary hardware, 172 provenance, 245–46, 247, 338 pseudo-asceticism, 211–12 public libraries, 293 public roads, 79–80 publishers, 62n, 92, 182, 277–78, 281, 347, 352–60 punishing vs. rewarding network effects, 169–74, 182, 183 quants, 75–76 quantum field theory, 167n, 195 QuNeo, 117, 118, 119 Rabois, Keith, 185 “race to the bottom,” 178 radiant risk, 61–63, 118–19, 120, 156, 183–84 Ragnarok, 30 railroads, 43, 172 Rand, Ayn, 167, 204 randomness, 143 rationality, 144 Reagan, Ronald, 149 real estate, 33, 46, 49–52, 61, 78, 95–96, 99, 193, 224, 227, 239, 245, 255, 274n, 289n, 296, 298, 300, 301 reality, 55–56, 59–60, 124n, 127–28, 154–56, 161, 165–68, 194–95, 203–4, 216–17, 295–303, 364–65 see also Virtual Reality (VR) reason, 195–96 recessions, economic, 31, 54, 60, 76–77, 79, 151–52, 167, 204, 311, 336–37 record labels, 347 recycling, 88, 89 Reddit, 118n, 186, 254 reductionism, 184 regulation, economic, 37–38, 44, 45–46, 49–50, 54, 56, 69–70, 77–78, 266n, 274, 299–300, 311, 321–22, 350–51 relativity theory, 167n religion, 124–25, 126, 131, 139, 190, 193–95, 211–17, 293, 300n, 326 remote computers, 11–12 rents, 144 Republican Party, 79, 202 research and development, 40–45, 85–89, 117–20, 128, 136–37, 145, 154, 215, 229–30, 236 retail sector, 69, 70–74, 95–96, 169–74, 272, 349–51, 355–56 retirement, 49, 150 revenue growth plans, 173n revenues, 149, 149, 150, 151, 173n, 225, 234–35, 242, 347–48 reversible computers, 143n revolutions, 199, 291, 331 rhythm, 159–62 Rich Dad, Poor Dad (Kiyosaki), 46 risk, 54, 55, 57, 59–63, 71–72, 85, 117, 118–19, 120, 156, 170–71, 179, 183–84, 188, 242, 277–81, 284, 337, 350 externalization of, 59n, 117, 277–81 risk aversion, 188 risk pools, 277–81, 284 risk radiation, 61–63, 118–19, 120, 156, 183–84 robo call centers, 177n robotic cars, 90–92 robotics, robots, 11, 12, 17, 23, 42, 55, 85–86, 90–92, 97–100, 111, 129, 135–36, 155, 157, 162, 260, 261, 269, 296n, 342, 359–60 Roman Empire, 24–25 root nodes, 241 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 129 Rousseau humor, 126, 129, 130–31 routers, 171–72 royalties, 47, 240, 254, 263–64, 323, 338 Rubin, Edgar, 121 rupture, 66–67 salaries, 10, 46–47, 50–54, 152, 178, 270–71, 287–88, 291–94, 338–39, 365 sampling, 71–72, 191, 221, 224–26, 259 San Francisco, University of, 190 satellites, 110 savings, 49, 72–74 scalable solutions, 47 scams, 119–21, 186, 275n, 287–88, 299–300 scanned books, 192, 193 SceneTap, 108n Schmidt, Eric, 305n, 352 Schwartz, Peter, 214 science fiction, 18, 126–27, 136, 137–38, 139, 193, 230n, 309, 356n search engines, 51, 60, 70, 81, 120, 191, 267, 289, 293 Second Life, 270, 343 Secret, The (Byrne), 216 securitization, 76–78, 99, 289n security, 14–15, 175, 239–40, 305–8, 345 self-actualization, 211–17 self-driving vehicles, 90–92, 98, 311, 343, 367 servants, 22 servers, 12n, 15, 31, 53–57, 71–72, 95–96, 143–44, 171, 180, 183, 206, 245, 358 see also Siren Servers “Sexy Sadie,” 213 Shakur, Tupac, 329 Shelley, Mary, 327 Short History of Progress, A (Wright), 132 “shrinking markets,” 66–67 shuttles, 22, 23n, 24 signal-processing algorithms, 76–78, 148 silicon chips, 10, 86–87 Silicon Valley, 12, 13, 14, 21, 34n, 56, 59, 60, 66–67, 70, 71, 75–76, 80, 93, 96–97, 100, 102, 108n, 125n, 132, 136, 154, 157, 162, 170, 179–89, 192, 193, 200, 207, 210, 211–18, 228, 230, 233, 258, 275n, 294, 299–300, 325–31, 345, 349, 352, 354–58 singularity, 22–25, 125, 215, 217, 327–28, 366, 367 Singularity University, 193, 325, 327–28 Sirenic Age, 66n, 354 Siren Servers, 53–57, 59, 61–64, 65, 66n, 69–78, 82, 91–99, 114–19, 143–48, 154–56, 166–89, 191, 200, 201, 203, 210n, 216, 235, 246–50, 258, 259, 269, 271, 272, 280, 285, 289, 293–94, 298, 301, 302–3, 307–10, 314–23, 326, 336–51, 354, 365, 366 Siri, 95 skilled labor, 99–100 Skout, 280n Skype, 95, 129 slavery, 22, 23, 33n Sleeper, 130 small businesses, 173 smartphones, 34n, 39, 162, 172, 192, 269n, 273 Smith, Adam, 121, 126 Smolin, Lee, 148n social contract, 20, 49, 247, 284, 288, 335, 336 social engineering, 112–13, 190–91 socialism, 14, 128, 254, 257, 341n social mobility, 66, 97, 292–94 social networks, 18, 51, 56, 60, 70, 81, 89, 107–9, 113, 114, 129, 167–68, 172–73, 179, 180, 190, 199, 200–201, 202, 204, 227, 241, 242–43, 259, 267, 269n, 274–75, 280n, 286, 307–8, 317, 336, 337, 343, 349, 358, 365–66 see also Facebook social safety nets, 10, 44, 54, 202, 251, 293 Social Security, 251, 345 software, 7, 9, 11, 14, 17, 68, 86, 99, 100–101, 128, 129, 147, 154, 155, 165, 172–73, 177–78, 182, 192, 234, 236, 241–42, 258, 262, 273–74, 283, 331, 347, 357 software-mediated technology, 7, 11, 14, 86, 100–101, 165, 234, 236, 258, 347 South Korea, 133 Soviet Union, 70 “space elevator pitch,” 233, 342, 361 space travel, 233, 266 Spain, 159–60 spam, 178, 275n spending levels, 287–88 spirituality, 126, 211–17, 325–31, 364 spreadsheet programs, 230 “spy data tax,” 234–35 Square, 185 Stalin, Joseph, 125n Stanford Research Institute (SRI), 215 Stanford University, 60, 75, 90, 95, 97, 101, 102, 103, 162, 325 Starr, Ringo, 256 Star Trek, 138, 139, 230n startup companies, 39, 60, 69, 93–94, 108n, 124n, 136, 179–89, 265, 274n, 279–80, 309–10, 326, 341, 343–45, 348, 352, 355 starvation, 123 Star Wars, 137 star (winner-take-all) system, 38–43, 50, 54–55, 204, 243, 256–57, 263, 329–30 statistics, 11, 20, 71–72, 75–78, 90–91, 93, 110n, 114–15, 186, 192 “stickiness,” 170, 171 stimulus, economic, 151–52 stoplights, 90 Strangelove humor, 127 student debt, 92, 95 “Study 27,” 160 “Study 36,” 160 Sumer, 29 supergoop, 85–89 supernatural phenomena, 55, 124–25, 127, 132, 192, 194–95, 300 supply chain, 70–72, 174, 187 Supreme Court, U.S., 104–5 surgery, 11–13, 17, 18, 98, 157–58, 363 surveillance, 1–2, 11, 14, 50–51, 64, 71–72, 99, 108–9, 114–15, 120–21, 152, 177n, 199–200, 201, 206–7, 234–35, 246, 272, 291, 305, 309–11, 315, 316, 317, 319–24 Surviving Progress, 132 sustainable economies, 235–37, 285–87 Sutherland, Ivan, 221 swarms, 99, 109 synthesizers, 160 synthetic biology, 162 tablets, 85, 86, 87, 88, 113, 162, 229 Tahrir Square, 95 Tamagotchis, 98 target ads, 170 taxation, 44, 45, 49, 52, 60, 74–75, 77, 82, 149, 149, 150, 151, 202, 210, 234–35, 263, 273, 289–90 taxis, 44, 91–92, 239, 240, 266–67, 269, 273, 311 Teamsters, 91 TechCrunch, 189 tech fixes, 295–96 technical schools, 96–97 technologists (“techies”), 9–10, 15–16, 45, 47–48, 66–67, 88, 122, 124, 131–32, 134, 139–40, 157–62, 165–66, 178, 193–94, 295–98, 307, 309, 325–31, 341, 342, 356n technology: author’s experience in, 47–48, 62n, 69–72, 93–94, 114, 130, 131–32, 153, 158–62, 178, 206–7, 228, 265, 266–67, 309–10, 325, 328, 343, 352–53, 362n, 364, 365n, 366 bio-, 11–13, 17, 18, 109–10, 162, 330–31 chaos and, 165–66, 273n, 331 collusion in, 65–66, 72, 169–74, 255, 350–51 complexity of, 53–54 costs of, 8, 18, 72–74, 87n, 136–37, 170–71, 176–77, 184–85 creepiness of, 305–24 cultural impact of, 8–9, 21, 23–25, 53, 130, 135–40 development and emergence of, 7–18, 21, 53–54, 60–61, 66–67, 85–86, 87, 97–98, 129–38, 157–58, 182, 188–90, 193–96, 217 digital, 2–3, 7–8, 15–16, 18, 31, 40, 43, 50–51, 132, 208 economic impact of, 1–3, 15–18, 29–30, 37, 40, 53–54, 60–66, 71–74, 79–110, 124, 134–37, 161, 162, 169–77, 181–82, 183, 184–85, 218, 254, 277–78, 298, 335–39, 341–51, 357–58 educational, 92–97 efficiency of, 90, 118, 191 employment in, 56–57, 60, 71–74, 79, 123, 135, 178 engineering for, 113–14, 123–24, 192, 194, 217, 218, 326 essential vs. worthless, 11–12 failure of, 188–89 fear of (technophobia), 129–32, 134–38 freedom as issue in, 32–33, 90–92, 277–78, 336 government influence in, 158, 199, 205–6, 234–35, 240, 246, 248–51, 307, 317, 341, 345–46, 350–51 human agency and, 8–21, 50–52, 85, 88, 91, 124–40, 144, 165–66, 175–78, 191–92, 193, 217, 253–64, 274–75, 283–85, 305–6, 328, 341–51, 358–60, 361, 362, 365–67 ideas for, 123, 124, 158, 188–89, 225, 245–46, 286–87, 299, 358–60 industrial, 49, 83, 85–89, 123, 132, 154, 343 information, 7, 32–35, 49, 66n, 71–72, 109, 110, 116, 120, 125n, 126, 135, 136, 254, 312–16, 317 investment in, 66, 181, 183, 184, 218, 277–78, 298, 348 limitations of, 157–62, 196, 222 monopolies for, 60, 65–66, 169–74, 181–82, 187–88, 190, 202, 326, 350 morality and, 50–51, 72, 73–74, 188, 194–95, 262, 335–36 motivation and, 7–18, 85–86, 97–98, 216 nano-, 11, 12, 17, 162 new vs. old, 20–21 obsolescence of, 89, 97 political impact of, 13–18, 22–25, 85, 122, 124–26, 128, 134–37, 199–234, 295–96, 342 progress in, 9–18, 20, 21, 37, 43, 48, 57, 88, 98, 123, 124–40, 130–37, 256–57, 267, 325–31, 341–42 resources for, 55–56, 157–58 rupture as concept in, 66–67 scams in, 119–21, 186, 275n, 287–88, 299–300 singularity of, 22–25, 125, 215, 217, 327–28, 366, 367 social impact of, 9–21, 124–40, 167n, 187, 280–81, 310–11 software-mediated, 7, 11, 14, 86, 100–101, 165, 234, 236, 258, 347 startup companies in, 39, 60, 69, 93–94, 108n, 124n, 136, 179–89, 265, 274n, 279–80, 309–10, 326, 341, 343–45, 348, 352, 355 utopian, 13–18, 21, 31, 37–38, 45–46, 96, 128, 130, 167, 205, 207, 265, 267, 270, 283, 290, 291, 308–9, 316 see also specific technologies technophobia, 129–32, 134–38 television, 86, 185–86, 191, 216, 267 temperature, 56, 145 Ten Commandments, 300n Terminator, The, 137 terrorism, 133, 200 Tesla, Nikola, 327 Texas, 203 text, 162, 352–60 textile industry, 22, 23n, 24, 135 theocracy, 194–95 Theocracy humor, 124–25 thermodynamics, 88, 143n Thiel, Peter, 60, 93, 326 thought experiments, 55, 139 thought schemas, 13 3D printers, 7, 85–89, 90, 99, 154, 162, 212, 269, 310–11, 316, 331, 347, 348, 349 Thrun, Sebastian, 94 Tibet, 214 Time Machine, The (Wells), 127, 137, 261, 331 topology, network, 241–43, 246 touchscreens, 86 tourism, 79 Toyota Prius, 302 tracking services, 109, 120–21, 122 trade, 29 traffic, 90–92, 314 “tragedy of the commons,” 66n Transformers, 98 translation services, 19–20, 182, 191, 195, 261, 262, 284, 338 transparency, 63–66, 74–78, 118, 176, 190–91, 205–6, 278, 291, 306–9, 316, 336 transportation, 79–80, 87, 90–92, 123, 258 travel agents, 64 Travelocity, 65 travel sites, 63, 64, 65, 181, 279–80 tree-shaped networks, 241–42, 243, 246 tribal dramas, 126 trickle-down effect, 148–49, 204 triumphalism, 128, 157–62 tropes (humors), 124–40, 157, 170, 230 trust, 32–34, 35, 42, 51–52 Turing, Alan, 127–28, 134 Turing’s humor, 127–28, 191–94 Turing Test, 330 Twitter, 128, 173n, 180, 182, 188, 199, 200n, 201, 204, 245, 258, 259, 349, 365n 2001: A Space Odyssey, 137 two-way links, 1–2, 227, 245, 289 underemployment, 257–58 unemployment, 7–8, 22, 79, 85–106, 117, 151–52, 234, 257–58, 321–22, 331, 343 “unintentional manipulation,” 144 United States, 25, 45, 54, 79–80, 86, 138, 199–204 universities, 92–97 upper class, 45, 48 used car market, 118–19 user interface, 362–63, 364 utopianism, 13–18, 21, 30, 31, 37–38, 45–46, 96, 128, 130, 167, 205, 207, 265, 267, 270, 283, 290, 291, 308–9, 316 value, economic, 21, 33–35, 52, 61, 64–67, 73n, 108, 283–90, 299–300, 321–22, 364 value, information, 1–3, 15–16, 20, 210, 235–43, 257–58, 259, 261–63, 271–75, 321–24, 358–60 Values, Attitudes, and Lifestyles (VALS), 215 variables, 149–50 vendors, 71–74 venture capital, 66, 181, 218, 277–78, 298, 348 videos, 60, 100, 162, 185–86, 204, 223, 225, 226, 239, 240, 242, 245, 277, 287, 329, 335–36, 349, 354, 356 Vietnam War, 353n vinyl records, 89 viral videos, 185–86 Virtual Reality (VR), 12, 47–48, 127, 129, 132, 158, 162, 214, 283–85, 312–13, 314, 315, 325, 343, 356, 362n viruses, 132–33 visibility, 184, 185–86, 234, 355 visual cognition, 111–12 VitaBop, 100–106, 284n vitamins, 100–106 Voice, The, 185–86 “voodoo economics,” 149 voting, 122, 202–4, 249 Wachowski, Lana, 165 Wall Street, 49, 70, 76–77, 181, 184, 234, 317, 331, 350 Wal-Mart, 69, 70–74, 89, 174, 187, 201 Warhol, Andy, 108 War of the Worlds, The (Wells), 137 water supplies, 17, 18 Watts, Alan, 211–12 Wave, 189 wealth: aggregate or concentration of, 9, 42–43, 53, 60, 61, 74–75, 96, 97, 108, 115, 148, 157–58, 166, 175, 201, 202, 208, 234, 278–79, 298, 305, 335, 355, 360 creation of, 32, 33–34, 46–47, 50–51, 57, 62–63, 79, 92, 96, 120, 148–49, 210, 241–43, 270–75, 291–94, 338–39, 349 inequalities and redistribution of, 20, 37–45, 65–66, 92, 97, 144, 254, 256–57, 274–75, 286–87, 290–94, 298, 299–300 see also income levels weather forecasting, 110, 120, 150 weaving, 22, 23n, 24 webcams, 99, 245 websites, 80, 170, 200, 201, 343 Wells, H.

On the Grand Trunk Road: A Journey Into South Asia by Steve Coll

affirmative action, airport security, anti-communist, Ayatollah Khomeini, back-to-the-land, Berlin Wall, British Empire, colonial rule, disinformation, Fall of the Berlin Wall, foreign exchange controls, full employment, global village, income inequality, income per capita, Indoor air pollution, Khyber Pass, land reform, Mahatma Gandhi, market bubble, mass immigration, Mikhail Gorbachev, New Urbanism, Ponzi scheme, Ronald Reagan, upwardly mobile, urban sprawl, yellow journalism

In Western Europe a version of this competition took place over a span of centuries—and even today the struggle to reconcile hierarchies remains unfinished. In South Asia the effort has been compressed into decades, not so much because the region’s internal social evolution demanded such acceleration, but because the subcontinent suddenly found itself sucked into a newly interdependent twentieth-century “global village,” where all sorts of ideas and identities splashed freely across national boundaries that were themselves artificial. Many new nations have had to cope with this tide and backwash since World War II and a few have been destroyed by the pressures. In South Asia, the result has been occasionally catastrophic but more often merely peculiar.

…

But when Rama and I arranged to see him at his splotched, fetid apartment in Bombay, the problem turned out to be nothing quite so straightforward as that. Shroff had fallen into the great sea of American junk mail and had been unable to climb out. His was a tale of confusion and crossed signals in the postmodern global village. For twenty years Shroff made a living buying and selling junk in Hyderabad, Rao’s city of statues. A brother had moved to Illinois and wrote that America was a land of splendor and opportunity, a place swirling with business deals and millionaires. He invited Shroff to visit. During two stays at his brother’s apartment between 1989 and 1991, Shroff found himself dazzled by the ethos of American capitalism.

…

.: assassination of ; on cities; influence of ; as politician Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi, Rajiv: assassination of ; funeral of; and Hindu-Muslim conflict; and Kashmir rebellion ; as prime minister ; Sikhs and; and Sri Lankan civil war Gandhi, Sanjay Gandhi, Sonia Garwalis (hill people) Germany Gill, K. P. S. Global 2000 “global village” Gobind Singh Godse, Nathuram Golden Temple (Amritsar) Goonateleke, Nilam goondas (thugs) Copal, P. Murali Gorbachev, Mikhail S. Goswami, Rajiv Gouhar, Humayan Grameen Bank Grand Trunk Road Gratsinsky, Valentin Grifters (film) guerrilla movements: Afghani mujaheddin ; Kashmiri Muslims ; as political parties; Punjabi Sikhs ; Sind, Pakistan; Sri Lankan Sinhalese; Sri Lankan Tamils Guevara, Emesto (‘Che’) Gujarat, India Gujral.

Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle by Silvia Federici

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Alan Greenspan, Community Supported Agriculture, declining real wages, equal pay for equal work, feminist movement, financial independence, fixed income, gentrification, global village, illegal immigration, informal economy, invisible hand, labor-force participation, land tenure, mass incarceration, means of production, microcredit, military-industrial complex, neoliberal agenda, new economy, Occupy movement, planetary scale, Scramble for Africa, statistical model, structural adjustment programs, the market place, tontine, trade liberalization, UNCLOS, wages for housework, Washington Consensus, women in the workforce, World Values Survey

The phrase “new enclosures” is used in these articles to indicate that the thrust of contemporary capitalism is to annihilate any guarantees of subsistence that were recognized by socialist, postcolonial or Keynesian states in the 1950s and 1960s. This process must be violent in order to succeed. 4. The immense existing literature on structural adjustment, globalization and neoliberalism has amply described this transfer of wealth. See: Jeremy Brecher and Tim Costello, Global Village or Global Pillage: Economic Reconstruction from the Bottom Up (Boston: South End Press, 1994); Walden Bello, Dark Victory: The United States, Structural Adjustment and Global Poverty (London: Pluto Press, 1994); Richard J. Barnet and John Cavanagh, Global Dreams: Imperial Corporations and the New World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994). 5.

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“We Were the Invisible Workforce: Unionizing Home Care.” In The Sex of Class: Women Transforming American Labor, edited by Dorothy Sue Cobble, 177-93. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2007. Boserup, Ester. Women’s Role in Economic Development. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1970. Brecher, Jeremy, and Tim Costello. Global Village or Global Pillage: Economic Reconstruction from the Bottom Up. Boston: South End Press, 1994. Brody, Jane E. “When Families Take Care of Their Own.” New York Times. November 11, 2008. Brozn, Michelle Burton. “Women Garment Workers of Bangladesh Seek U.S. Support in Anti-Sweatshop Campaign.” Industrial Workers of the World. http://www.iww.org/unions/iu410/mlb/11-23-2004.shtml.

Plenitude: The New Economics of True Wealth by Juliet B. Schor

Asian financial crisis, behavioural economics, big-box store, business climate, business cycle, carbon footprint, carbon tax, clean tech, Community Supported Agriculture, creative destruction, credit crunch, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, decarbonisation, degrowth, dematerialisation, demographic transition, deskilling, Edward Glaeser, en.wikipedia.org, Gini coefficient, global village, Herman Kahn, IKEA effect, income inequality, income per capita, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Isaac Newton, Jevons paradox, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Arrow, knowledge economy, life extension, McMansion, new economy, ocean acidification, off-the-grid, peak oil, pink-collar, post-industrial society, prediction markets, purchasing power parity, radical decentralization, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robert Shiller, sharing economy, Simon Kuznets, single-payer health, smart grid, systematic bias, systems thinking, The Chicago School, Thomas L Friedman, Thomas Malthus, too big to fail, transaction costs, Yochai Benkler, Zipcar

(The e is a reference to the transcendent mathematical constant e and a play on the word factory). Working from a converted soybean field outside Kansas City, Factor e Farm combines innovations in small-scale manufacturing with knowledge-intensive agriculture. They’re using a fab lab to build what they call a Global Village Construction Set—a step-by-step guide for replicating a self-sufficient, completely sustainable community requiring minimal financial capital. With just scrap metal and plastics, the fab lab technology enables the machines to replicate themselves, obviating the purchase of costly capital equipment.

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full-cost pricing furniture import statistics for prices of reuse of gardening GDP, see gross domestic product General Motors (GM) genuine progress indicator genuine saving estimates geothermal energy Germany: eco-communities in ecological footprint in historical carbon emissions of hours worked in New Work movement and productivity growth in Gershenfeld, Neil glaciers gleaning Global Ecovillage Network globalization Global North Global South Global Village Construction Set global warming, see climate change gold GoLoco Goulder, Lawrence Greece Green for All greenhouse gases agriculture and emissions of GDP and taxation of see also specific gases Greenland ice sheet green technology Green Worker Cooperatives gross domestic product (GDP) aggregate growth and consumption as percentage of global, climate change and Kuznets curve and material flow and rebound effect and relative decoupling and gross national product (GNP) growth: business size and financialization and households and income inequality and intensive versus extensive forms of job creation and limits to living standards and technology and H&M Hansen, James Happy Planet Index Harvard University Hawken, Paul Hayden, Anders Heal, Geoffrey health care single-payer (universal), plans for health insurance heat waves Holdren, John household production housing bubble in market for ecovillages and energy use in innovations in materials consumption and passive solar design and rebound effect and renovations and self-provisioning and storage and Hudson River Human Development Index human nature, adaptability of hurricanes hybrid vehicles hydrogen cell vehicles Hypercar hypoxia IBM Iceland iCommons IKEA imported goods automobiles as component of weight of income economic growth and inequality of well-being and income effect India: Auroville eco-city in ecological footprint in greenhouse gas emissions and Kuznets model and natural assets growth in population and Indonesia industrial revolution information technology insulation insurance integrated assessment models (IAMs) intensive growth Interface Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) International DeGrowth Conference International Union for the Conservation of Nature Internet online community of invasive species IPAT formulation IShareStuff.com Italy: eco-communities in ecological footprint in flexible production in hours worked in Jakubowski, Marcin Japan: ecological footprint in historical carbon emissions of hours worked in well-being and Jevons, William Stanley jewelry Journal of Economic Perspectives Kahn, Herman Kahneman, Daniel Kasser, Tim Katrina, Hurricane Keynes, John Maynard Khazzoom, Daniel Klinenberg, Eric knowledge natural asset restoration and restriction of knowledge commons Krueger, Alan Krugman, Paul Kuznets, Simon Kyoto protocols labor health and hours worked trends in part-time component of stress and time wealth and value and see also unemployment; wages LaDuke, Winona land use Lappé, Anna Lappé, Frances Layard, Richard leather Lemire, Beverly Leonhardt, David Liberator 2 machine life expectancy Life Trac machine Limits to Growth, The (Meadows, et al.)

The Facebook Effect by David Kirkpatrick

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Andy Kessler, AOL-Time Warner, Benchmark Capital, billion-dollar mistake, Burning Man, delayed gratification, demand response, don't be evil, global village, happiness index / gross national happiness, Howard Rheingold, Jeff Bezos, Marc Andreessen, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Max Levchin, Menlo Park, Network effects, Peter Thiel, rolodex, Salesforce, Sand Hill Road, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, social graph, social software, social web, SoftBank, Startup school, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, the payments system, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, UUNET, Whole Earth Review, winner-take-all economy, Y Combinator, Yochai Benkler

At the same time, Facebook’s global scale, combined with the quantity of personal information its users entrust to it, suggests a movement toward a form of universal connectivity that is truly new in human society. The social philosopher and media theorist Marshall McLuhan is a favorite at the company. He coined the term “the global village.” In his influential 1964 book, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, he predicted the development of a universal communications platform that would unite the planet. “Rapidly, we approach the final phase of the extensions of man—the technological simulation of consciousness,” he wrote, “when the creative process of knowing will be collectively and corporately extended to the whole of society.”

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Can a system based on trust ever evolve to become truly open? The answer to such questions will depend on decisions that Facebook makes as it refines and improves its service. Zuckerberg cares deeply about Facebook’s potential to serve as a bridge between people. He will work to turn it ever more into a town square for the global village. But as we have heard, he also has a conviction about the importance of helping people protect their most sensitive personal data. Maintaining the enthusiasm of hundreds of millions of people who joined originally to communicate with their friends will remain his ongoing challenge. Postscript By the time you read this book, Facebook will likely have exceeded half a billion active users.

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., 49 Ellison, Nicole, 68 El-Maayirgy, Sherry, 280 email, 16, 67, 188, 274 engagement ads, 260–61 eUniverse, 75 Evans, Katherine, 211 Evite.com, 216 Evolution of God, The (Wright), 202 f8 event, 222–25, 226, 227, 228, 231, 245 Facebook: Accel’s meetings and deal with, 117–18, 119–20, 124–26, 129, 130, 143, 146–47, 170, 183, 318, 320, 322, 323 advertising on, 37–38, 42, 43, 44, 55, 60, 61–62, 101–3, 109–10, 111–12, 132, 139–43, 177–79, 221, 232, 235, 237, 246, 255, 256–68, 270–73, 307 American values and, 278–80 amount of content on, 11–12 board of, 125–26, 138, 146–48, 236, 320–21; see also specific board members capital of, 42, 62, 63, 86 chat on, 219 as circumscribed to university students, 84, 88, 91–92, 100, 149–50 company cars of, 57, 98 company “pages” on, 246 complaints about, 165–66, 189–195, 196, 197, 201, 249, 304, 308–10 conventional media and, 295–98 corporations and, 298–301 Courses application on, 226 customer support requests to, 132–33 data centers of, 225–26, 285 early college-based growth of, 32–33, 34–39, 88, 89, 92, 94, 100, 101, 110–11, 140, 149–51, 179 Emerson Street office of, 117–18, 121, 129, 130–31, 151 exhibitionism and, 13 in expansion beyond colleges, 98, 149–51 expenditures of, 55, 59 “fans” on, 246, 310 friending on, 12–13, 14, 30, 32, 33, 34, 61, 92, 100, 173, 181, 193–94, 297, 312–13 Frisson party for, 103–4 frivolous gatherings organized on, 8 games on, 9, 228–30, 283 glitches in code of, 132 Google’s advertising talks with, 238–39, 242 Google’s desire to buy, 54, 326 groups on, 3–6, 7, 8–9, 93, 151, 189–92, 211, 263–64, 288, 289, 290, 294 growth chart of, 111 hiring and recruitment by, 47, 105, 106, 116, 129, 130–31, 132–34, 135, 138, 157–58, 165–66, 175, 188, 251–54, 256 housing subsidy offered to employees of, 137 human resources rating system at, 255 imitations of, 101, 171, 282, 284–85, 334 immaturity at, 128, 133, 198 incorporations of, 41, 53, 62–63, 99 inspiration for, 28–29 intellectual property theft accusation and lawsuit against, 40–41, 65, 66, 80–85, 97, 173 internal communication issues in, 162–64 investments in, 9–10, 30, 38, 41, 42–44, 53–54, 59, 62, 63, 86, 87–88, 89, 94, 107–27, 129, 130, 183, 232, 236, 244, 246, 284–85, 318, 322–23 invitations on, 216–17 launch of, 29–33, 34, 77, 78, 79 logo of, 30, 145 marketing with, 9, 15, 116 Microsoft’s ad deal with, 178, 179, 235–37, 239, 242–46, 249, 255, 257–58, 261, 273, 326–27 Microsoft’s desire to purchase, 239–42, 285 Mini-Feed on, 189, 220, 303 on mobile devices, 316 MySpace’s interest in buying, 138–39, 153 name change of, 145 News Feed on, see News Feed number of members of, 9, 16, 17, 30–31, 34, 35, 39, 59, 64, 86, 90, 92, 103, 110–11, 131, 151, 153, 177, 196, 197, 227, 250, 261, 267, 270–71, 303, 309, 311, 320, 329, 334 offers to buy, 11, 41, 54, 182–87, 195–98, 239–42, 285, 326 office routine at, 49–54 open registration on, 172, 184, 185, 195, 196–98 ownership of, 9–10, 34, 40, 62–63, 87–90, 94, 95, 96, 112, 113, 124, 126, 147–48, 170, 184, 269, 321, 322 Palo Alto house of, 44, 51, 52, 54–56, 63, 64–65, 86, 94–95 photos on, 33, 99, 153–57, 180, 194, 205, 206, 210, 216–17, 220, 227, 280, 302 platform strategy for, 11, 215–16, 217–34, 262–63, 278, 302, 305–7 “poke” option on, 32, 91, 92, 138, 173 political activism on, 2–6, 7, 8, 15, 192, 288, 289–95 possible IPO of, 321–22 private messaging on, 324 purpose of, 12 rambunctious reputation of, 129 recession and, 272 redesign of, 303, 311 registering of, 26 relationship status on, 194, 205–6 as replacement for address book, 93–94 returning users of, 111, 118 revenue of, 11, 41, 42, 43, 62, 101–2, 110, 112, 159, 170, 178, 232, 262, 273 romantic options on, 32, 91 salaries at, 59, 106 sales offices of, 271 Saverin’s differences with team at, 59–63, 64, 65, 89, 126 in self-promotion to developers, 222–25 servers used for, 29–30, 38, 57–58, 59, 63, 86, 87, 94, 132, 156, 175, 225, 256, 285, 325 shopping on, 316–17 simplicity of, 11, 61, 64, 82, 100, 144–45, 153–54, 276 software used by, 58–59 speed of, 58 stock of, 89–90, 106, 112, 113, 124–25, 133, 147–48, 236, 269, 305, 321, 322 tagging photos on, 154, 155, 156, 157, 212 timing of, 39 translation of, 16, 243, 275, 277, 282, 286, 302 transparency of, 14–15, 200, 202–203, 204–6, 207, 210–11, 214, 287–88, 319, 323 as trusted company, 209, 329–30 unorthodox computer code of, 132 user time spent on, 92–93, 108, 274 as “utility,” 144, 159, 160 valuations of, 43, 89–90, 95, 110, 121, 124, 126, 161, 168, 170, 174, 183, 184, 236, 239, 240, 244, 256, 267, 319, 322–23 Viacom’s desire to purchase, 113, 125, 159–60, 162, 164, 166–67, 168–71, 182 work networks at, 172–74, 185 WTI’s loans to, 95–96, 112–13 Yahoo’s desire to purchase, 182–87, 195–98 see also privacy Facebook Ads, 247–48, 250, 255, 258–59 Facebook API, 219 Facebook Blog, 332 Facebook Connect, 234, 251, 305–7, 314, 328, 335 Facebook credits, 262–63, 329 Facebook Fridays, 299 Facebook Global Monitors, 16, 275, 283, 328 “Facebook Is … Fostering Political Engagement: A Study of Online Social Networking Groups and Offline Participation,” 293 Facebook Lite, 317 Facebook Open Stream API, 314–15 Facebook phone, 282 Facebook Principles, 309 Facelift project, 144–45 Facemash, 23–25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 80, 82, 158 Fake, Caterina, 213 Fanbase, 306 Fanning, Shawn, 46, 48 Farmville, 229–30, 283 Favreau, Jon, 204, 205 Federal Trade Commission, 208–9, 249 Fenton, Peter, 115, 116, 117 Fetterman, Dave, 175, 219, 220 50 Cent, 138 Fight Club, 143 Filo, Jeff, 216 FIOS, 297, 298 First Amendment, 211 Fleischer, Ari, 294 Flickr, 115–16, 153, 213 Fluff Friends, 228 flyers, 102–3, 111 Food Fight, 228 Fortune, 10, 11, 166, 199, 206, 222, 249 Foursquare, 306 Fox, 153 Fragodt, Anikka, 274, 283 France, 16 Freeloader, 48, 73 Freston, Tom, 160, 168, 169 Friedman, Thomas, 7 FriendFeed, 304, 317 Friendster, 28, 29, 31, 70–72, 73, 75–76, 84, 85, 92 in Asia, 282, 283 Facebook’s borrowing from, 27 investments in, 46, 51, 71, 72, 88, 112, 115 success as curse to, 52, 58, 71–72, 74, 79, 86, 130, 132, 144 Frisson, 103–4 Fuerza Latina, 24, 25 Funwall, 231 Future of the Internet, The—and How to Stop It (Zittrain), 310 Gadre, Rudy, 243 Gandhi, Mohandas, 135 Garden State, 143 Gates, Bill, 213, 215, 216, 217, 218, 320 Gawker, 306 Gay, Rowena, 213 Genachowski, Julius, 334 Geocities, 67 Germany, 171, 282–83 gift economy, 287, 288, 293, 295 Gladwell, Malcolm, 103 Glassman, James, 291, 292 Gleit, Naomi, 138, 182, 198 globalization, 9–10, 278 global village, 332 Gmail, 188, 259 Goldberg, Adam, 36 Goldberg, Dave, 253 Goldman Sachs, 43 Google, 16, 104, 151, 165, 209, 245, 256, 275, 291, 297, 318, 323, 325, 331 advertising and, 111, 139, 178, 216, 237, 251, 254, 255, 259 antitrust investigations against, 326, 327 as competitor with Facebook for talent, 129–30, 327 Dodgeball acquired by, 184 Facebook investment of, 126 Facebook purchase as desire of, 54, 326 Facebook’s advertising talks with, 238–39, 241, 242 Friendster purchase proposed by, 71 IPO of, 170, 321 MySpace’s deal with, 177 News Corporation’s deal with, 237–38 Orkut bought by, 78, 87 Sandberg at, 251, 252, 253, 255 Google Android, 316 Google Checkout, 231 Google Docs, 269 Google One, 254 Google Zeitgeist, 238 Gordon, Susan, 92 Gould, Alan, 267 Graffiti, 228 Graham, Don, 107–9, 114, 119, 120–21, 123–24, 136, 254, 320, 321 Great America Theme Park, 198 Green, Joe, 24–25, 30 Causes created by, 224–25, 231–32 Greenspan, Aaron, 79, 81–82, 84–85 Greylock Partners, 170, 319, 322 Grimmelmann, James, 212 Gross National Happiness Index, 332 Grove, Andy, 53 Grown Up Digital (Tapscott), 265 Guantanamo Bay, 290 Gustav, Hurricane, 294 Hagel, John, 203, 299 Haiti, 296 Halicioglu, Taner, 53, 64, 94 Halo, 56, 98 Hamel, Gary, 298 Harper, Julius, 308, 309 Harvard Connection, 26, 40–41, 80–81, 83, 85 launch of, 101 Harvard Crimson, 23, 24, 26, 28, 31, 33, 37–38, 40, 63, 80, 102, 108, 295 Harvard University, 6, 12, 14–15, 17, 19–41, 64, 90, 93, 108, 157, 209, 253, 331 endowment fund of, 114 “facebooks” at, 23, 28, 79, 90 shopping week at, 32 Hasbro, 229 Hi5, 152 Highlights, 311 Hills, The, 167 Hirsch, Doug, 154, 155, 163, 165 HIV, 295 Hoffman, Reid, 72–73, 87–88, 105, 116, 128, 172, 202, 322 “Hollaback Girl” (song), 141, 142, 247 Holtzbrinck publishing firm, 171 Hong Kong, 275, 282, 283 Hotmail, 188, 241–42 houseSYSTEM, 79, 81, 85 HTML, 53, 75 Huffington Post, 298, 306 Hughes, Chris, 14, 21, 30, 35, 45, 107, 293, 322 in departure from Facebook, 269–70 as Facebook spokesman, 40, 64, 103, 134 at Frisson party, 103 and open registration, 195 simplicity pushed by, 64 Hutchison Whampoa, 282 IBM, 67 Iceland, 275 impressions, of engagement ads, 261 InCircle, 78 India, 78, 282 Indonesia, 8, 16, 73, 282, 283, 286, 289–90 information overload, 14 Inside Facebook (Baloun), 137 InsideFacebook.com, 16 Inside Network, 230, 262 instant messaging, 16, 27, 29, 137, 144, 162, 187, 219 Intel, 53, 300, 313–14 Interactive Advertising Bureau, 264 Interpublic Group, 177, 179 Interscope Records, 141, 142 Investment Club, 30 IPC, 187 iPhones, 50, 226, 230, 306, 316 iPod, 218, 300 Iran, 6–7, 8 Israel, 275, 279 Italy, 16, 276, 279, 280 iTunes, 102 Iverson, Joshua, 43 James, Josh, 266 Janzer, Paul, 133 Japan, 276, 281, 282, 283 Jarvis, Jake, 226 JavaScript, 53 Jin, Kang-Xing, 26, 257 Jobs, Steve, 257, 320 Johnson, Kevin, 240, 242 Justice Department, U.S., 327 Kazakhstan, 265 Keep, Elmo, 213 Kelly, Chris, 13, 150, 201, 208 Kendall, Tim, 257 Kennedy, Ted, 294 KickMania, 232 Kirkpatrick, Clara, 219 Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, 71, 112 Korea, 276 Koyi K Utho, 280 Kurds, 291 Lafley, A.

Jihad vs. McWorld: Terrorism's Challenge to Democracy by Benjamin Barber

airport security, Alvin Toffler, anti-communist, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, borderless world, Bretton Woods, British Empire, classic study, computer age, Corn Laws, Corrections Corporation of America, David Brooks, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, digital map, export processing zone, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, George Gilder, global village, invisible hand, It's morning again in America, Joan Didion, Kevin Kelly, laissez-faire capitalism, late capitalism, Live Aid, market fundamentalism, Marshall McLuhan, minimum wage unemployment, new economy, Norbert Wiener, North Sea oil, off-the-grid, pirate software, Plato's cave, postnationalism / post nation state, profit motive, race to the bottom, Right to Buy, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, undersea cable, vertical integration, young professional, zero-sum game

Satellite dishes the size of a dinner plate put a global ear at the disposal of peoples imprisoned in the most despotic regimes, and have proved their worth in places like China and Iran where, despite an official government ban, they continue to spread—and as they do, to spread unfettered images to information-starved consumers.2 In combination, these technologies potentially enhance lateral communication among citizens, open access to information by all, and furnish citizens with communication links across distances that once precluded direct democracy or, indeed, interaction of any kind. If the scale of ancient democracy was bounded by the territory a man could cross on foot in a day on his way to the assembly, telecommunications at the speed of light turn the entire globe into a wired town of potential neighbors—McLuhan’s global village. Of course, if democracy is to be understood as deliberative and participatory activity on the part of responsible citizens, it must resist the innovative forms of demagoguery that accompany innovative technology. Home voting via interactive television could further privatize politics and replace deliberative debate in public with the unconsidered instant expression of private prejudices.

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Don Phillips, “Pulling the Plug on American-Flag Ships,” The Washington Post, National Weekly Edition, May 24–30, 1993, p. 33. 18. Iraq acquired its capacity from countries such as the United States, Germany, France, Britain, and Saudi Arabia, all of which presumably had a vital national interest in preventing nuclear proliferation. Robert J. Samuelson, “The Global Village Revisited,” in Vital World Statistics, p. 4. 19. West Germany with 102 deals was the chief culprit, but the U.S., Switzerland, and Britain had nearly two dozen deals each, while Brazil, Italy, Austria, France, and Japan had five to fourteen deals each. Douglas Jehl, “The World: Who Armed Iraq?

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Cleveland, and R. Kaufmann, Energy and Resource Quality: The Ecology of the Economic Process (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1986), p. 161. 21. The Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review: 1991 (Washington, D.C.: Department of the Interior, 1991). 22. Figures from R. Samuelson, “The Global Village,” introductory essay to Vital World Statistics, no page. 23. The Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Reports (Washington, D.C.: Department of the Interior, 1992). 24. In 1989, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Oman ranked, respectively, numbers one, two, three, eight, and nine in per capita energy consumption in the world; whatever else their bad consumption habits bred, dependency was not among them. 25.

Free Speech: Ten Principles for a Connected World by Timothy Garton Ash

"World Economic Forum" Davos, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Aaron Swartz, activist lawyer, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Andrew Keen, Apple II, Ayatollah Khomeini, battle of ideas, Berlin Wall, bitcoin, British Empire, Cass Sunstein, Chelsea Manning, citizen journalism, Citizen Lab, Clapham omnibus, colonial rule, critical race theory, crowdsourcing, data science, David Attenborough, digital divide, digital rights, don't be evil, Donald Davies, Douglas Engelbart, dual-use technology, Edward Snowden, Etonian, European colonialism, eurozone crisis, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Ferguson, Missouri, Filter Bubble, financial independence, Firefox, Galaxy Zoo, George Santayana, global village, Great Leap Forward, index card, Internet Archive, invention of movable type, invention of writing, Jaron Lanier, jimmy wales, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, Laura Poitras, machine readable, machine translation, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Mary Meeker, mass immigration, megacity, mutually assured destruction, national security letter, Nelson Mandela, Netflix Prize, Nicholas Carr, obamacare, Open Library, Parler "social media", Peace of Westphalia, Peter Thiel, power law, pre–internet, profit motive, public intellectual, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, Ronald Reagan, semantic web, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Simon Singh, Snapchat, social graph, Stephen Fry, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Streisand effect, technological determinism, TED Talk, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Wisdom of Crowds, Tipper Gore, trolley problem, Turing test, We are Anonymous. We are Legion, WikiLeaks, World Values Survey, Yochai Benkler, Yom Kippur War, yottabyte

COSMOPOLIS In a book called The Gutenberg Galaxy, published in 1962, the media guru Marshall McLuhan declared that ‘the new electronic interdependence recreates the world in the image of a global village’.37 This was an extraordinary seerlike insight, well ahead of its time, but McLuhan’s simile of ‘global village’ is inadequate, both as description and prescription. Villages are small, usually homogeneous and conformist places. Tolerance is not their hallmark. When things get rough, villagers who have been neighbours all their lives can end up murdering each other: Serb and Bosniak, Hutu and Tutsi. ‘Global village’ is neither where we are nor where we should want to be. Being electronic neighbours is more like living in a global city.

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Courage Two Spirits of Liberty Challenge Notes Bibliography Acknowledgements Index FREE SPEECH POST-GUTENBERG We are all neighbours now. There are more phones than there are human beings and close to half of humankind has access to the internet.1 In our cities, we rub shoulders with strangers from every country, culture and faith. The world is not a global village but a global city, a virtual cosmopolis. Most of us can also be publishers now. We can post our thoughts and photos online, where in theory any one of billions of other people might encounter them. Never in human history was there such a chance for freedom of expression as this. And never have the evils of unlimited free expression—death threats, paedophile images, sewage-tides of abuse—flowed so easily across frontiers.

The Lonely City: Adventures in the Art of Being Alone by Olivia Laing

East Village, forensic accounting, gentrification, global village, late capitalism, Saturday Night Live, Skype, Snapchat

AIDS colonised the imagination at the end of the last millennium, filling the atmosphere with dread, so that when the future rolled in it was thick with the fear of contamination, of sickening bodies and the shame of living inside them. A virtual world: why not, yes please, calling time on the tyranny of the physical, on the long rule of old age, sickness, loss and death. Then too, as Sontag points out, AIDS exposed the alarming realities of the global village, the world in which everything is in perpetual circulation, the goods and garbage, the plastic sucky-cup in London washing up in Japan, or trapped in the squalid gyre of the Pacific trash vortex, breaking down into pelagic plastics that are themselves eaten by sea turtles and albatross. Information, people, illnesses: everything is on the move.

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‘But now,’ Sontag writes at the close of her book, which was published in 1989: . . . that heightened modern interconnectedness in space, which is not only personal but social, structural, is the bearer of a health menace sometimes described as a threat to the species itself; and the fear of AIDS is of a piece with attention to other unfolding disasters that are the byproducts of advanced society, particularly those illustrating the degradation of the environment on a world scale. AIDS is one of the dystopian harbingers of the global village, that future which is already here and always before us, which no one knows how to refuse. To which the twenty-first-century citizen might add #overit or #tl;dr, the same emotion of despair compressed into the microlanguage we now seem compelled to confine ourselves inside. * One night, walking home at 2.30 in the morning, I saw a carriage horse bolting down a deserted 43rd Street.

Tubes: A Journey to the Center of the Internet by Andrew Blum

air freight, cable laying ship, call centre, digital divide, Donald Davies, global village, Hibernia Atlantic: Project Express, if you build it, they will come, inflight wifi, invisible hand, John Markoff, Kevin Kelly, Leonard Kleinrock, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, Mercator projection, messenger bag, Neal Stephenson, Network effects, New Urbanism, packet switching, Ralph Waldo Emerson, RAND corporation, satellite internet, side project, Silicon Valley, Skype, South of Market, San Francisco, Steve Crocker, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, undersea cable, urban planning, UUNET, WikiLeaks, zero-sum game

If you lifted one up from the ocean floor and sliced it crosswise, you’d find a hard plastic jacket surrounding an inner core of steel-encased strands of glass, each the width of a human hair and glowing faintly with red light. On the map it looked huge; on the ocean floor it would be a garden hose beneath the drifting sediment. It seemed to collapse the electronic global village upon the magnetic globe itself. Krisetya examined every inch of the test print, pointing out imperfections. The pressman responded by moving levers up and down on a huge control panel, like the soundboard at a rock concert. Every few minutes, the giant press would spool up and spit out a few copies of the newest version.

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But for Alston the acceleration came with the arrival of an unfathomably long and skinny thing, a singular path across the bottom of the sea. Undersea cables are the ultimate totems of our physical connections. If the Internet is a global phenomenon, it’s because there are tubes underneath the ocean. They are the fundamental medium of the global village. The fiber-optic technology is fantastically complex and dependent on the latest materials and computing technology. Yet the basic principle of the cables is shockingly simple: light goes in on one shore of the ocean and comes out on the other. Undersea cables are straightforward containers for light, as a subway tunnel is for trains.

The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined by Steven Pinker

1960s counterculture, affirmative action, Alan Turing: On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem, Albert Einstein, availability heuristic, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, Boeing 747, Bonfire of the Vanities, book value, bread and circuses, British Empire, Broken windows theory, business cycle, California gold rush, Cass Sunstein, citation needed, classic study, clean water, cognitive dissonance, colonial rule, Columbine, computer age, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, conceptual framework, confounding variable, correlation coefficient, correlation does not imply causation, crack epidemic, cuban missile crisis, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, David Brooks, delayed gratification, demographic transition, desegregation, Doomsday Clock, Douglas Hofstadter, Dr. Strangelove, Edward Glaeser, en.wikipedia.org, European colonialism, experimental subject, facts on the ground, failed state, first-past-the-post, Flynn Effect, food miles, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, fudge factor, full employment, Garrett Hardin, George Santayana, ghettoisation, Gini coefficient, global village, Golden arches theory, Great Leap Forward, Henri Poincaré, Herbert Marcuse, Herman Kahn, high-speed rail, Hobbesian trap, humanitarian revolution, impulse control, income inequality, informal economy, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invention of the printing press, Isaac Newton, lake wobegon effect, libertarian paternalism, long peace, longitudinal study, loss aversion, Marshall McLuhan, mass incarceration, McMansion, means of production, mental accounting, meta-analysis, Mikhail Gorbachev, mirror neurons, moral panic, mutually assured destruction, Nelson Mandela, nuclear taboo, Oklahoma City bombing, open economy, Peace of Westphalia, Peter Singer: altruism, power law, QWERTY keyboard, race to the bottom, Ralph Waldo Emerson, random walk, Republic of Letters, Richard Thaler, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, Saturday Night Live, security theater, Skinner box, Skype, Slavoj Žižek, South China Sea, Stanford marshmallow experiment, Stanford prison experiment, statistical model, stem cell, Steven Levy, Steven Pinker, sunk-cost fallacy, technological determinism, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, the long tail, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, theory of mind, Timothy McVeigh, Tragedy of the Commons, transatlantic slave trade, trolley problem, Turing machine, twin studies, ultimatum game, uranium enrichment, Vilfredo Pareto, Walter Mischel, WarGames: Global Thermonuclear War, WikiLeaks, women in the workforce, zero-sum game

How empathy and reason resolve the Pacifist’s Dilemma Literacy, urbanization, mobility, and access to mass media continued their rise in the 19th and 20th centuries, and in the second half of the 20th a Global Village began to emerge that made people even more aware of others unlike themselves (chapters 5 and 7). Just as the Republic of Letters and the Reading Revolution helped to kindle the Humanitarian Revolution of the 18th century, the Global Village and the electronics revolution may have helped along the Long Peace, New Peace, and Rights Revolutions of the 20th. Though we cannot prove the common observation that media coverage accelerated the civil rights movement, antiwar sentiment, and the fall of communism, the perspective-sympathy studies are suggestive, and we saw several statistical links between the cosmopolitan mixing of peoples and the endorsement of humanistic values (chapters 7 and 9).14 THE ESCALATOR OF REASON The expanding circle and the escalator of reason are powered by some of the same exogenous causes, particularly literacy, cosmopolitanism, and education.15 And their pacifying effect may be depicted by the same fusion of interests in the Pacifist’s Dilemma.

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In chapter 4 I conjectured that the Humanitarian Revolution was accelerated by publishing, literacy, travel, science, and other cosmopolitan forces that broaden people’s intellectual and moral horizons. The second half of the 20th century has obvious parallels. It saw the dawn of television, computers, satellites, telecommunications, and jet travel, and an unprecedented expansion of science and higher education. The communications guru Marshall McLuhan called the postwar world a “global village.” In a village, the fortunes of other people are immediately felt. If the village is the natural size of our circle of sympathy, then perhaps when the village goes global, the villagers will experience greater concern for their fellow humans than when it embraced just the clan or tribe. A world in which a person can open the morning paper and meet the eyes of a naked, terrified little girl running toward him from a napalm attack nine thousand miles away is not a world in which a writer can opine that war is “the foundation of all the high virtues and faculties of man” or that it “enlarges the mind of a people and raises their character.”

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Less well known is that they were also the decades of an explosion in book publishing. From 1960 to 2000, the annual number of books published in the United States increased almost fivefold. 305 I’ve mentioned the connection before. The Humanitarian Revolution came out of the Republic of Letters, and the Long Peace and New Peace were children of the Global Village. And remember what went wrong in the Islamic world: it may have been a rejection of the printing press and a resistance to the importation of books and the ideas they contain. Why should the spread of ideas and people result in reforms that lower violence? There are several pathways. The most obvious is a debunking of ignorance and superstition.

Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow by Yuval Noah Harari

23andMe, Aaron Swartz, agricultural Revolution, algorithmic trading, Anne Wojcicki, Anthropocene, anti-communist, Anton Chekhov, autonomous vehicles, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, call centre, Chekhov's gun, Chris Urmson, cognitive dissonance, Columbian Exchange, computer age, DeepMind, Demis Hassabis, Deng Xiaoping, don't be evil, driverless car, drone strike, European colonialism, experimental subject, falling living standards, Flash crash, Frank Levy and Richard Murnane: The New Division of Labor, glass ceiling, global village, Great Leap Forward, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invention of writing, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, job automation, John Markoff, Kevin Kelly, lifelogging, low interest rates, means of production, Mikhail Gorbachev, Minecraft, Moneyball by Michael Lewis explains big data, Monkeys Reject Unequal Pay, mutually assured destruction, new economy, Nick Bostrom, pattern recognition, peak-end rule, Peter Thiel, placebo effect, Ray Kurzweil, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, stem cell, Steven Pinker, telemarketer, The future is already here, The Future of Employment, too big to fail, trade route, Turing machine, Turing test, ultimatum game, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, zero-sum game

Nowadays, all humans have been touched by modernity, and we are all members of a single global village. Though Kalahari foragers are somewhat less modern than Harvard psychology students, they are not a time capsule from our distant past. They too have been influenced by Christian missionaries, European traders, wealthy eco-tourists and inquisitive anthropologists (the joke is that in the Kalahari Desert, the typical hunter-gatherer band consists of twenty hunters, twenty gatherers and fifty anthropologists). Before the emergence of the global village, the planet was a galaxy of isolated human cultures, which might have fostered mental states that are now extinct.

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In truth, they won because they improved the global data-processing system. So over the last 70,000 years humankind first spread out, then separated into distinct groups, and finally merged again. Yet the process of unification did not take us back to the beginning. When the different human groups fused into the global village of today, each brought along its unique legacy of thoughts, tools and behaviours, which it collected and developed along the way. Our modern larders are now stuffed with Middle Eastern wheat, Andean potatoes, New Guinean sugar and Ethiopian coffee. Similarly, our language, religion, music and politics are replete with heirlooms from across the planet.5 If humankind is indeed a single data-processing system, what is its output?

The Rise of the Network Society by Manuel Castells

air traffic controllers' union, Alan Greenspan, Apple II, Asian financial crisis, barriers to entry, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Bob Noyce, borderless world, British Empire, business cycle, capital controls, classic study, complexity theory, computer age, Computer Lib, computerized trading, content marketing, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, declining real wages, deindustrialization, delayed gratification, dematerialisation, deskilling, digital capitalism, digital divide, disintermediation, double helix, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, edge city, experimental subject, export processing zone, Fairchild Semiconductor, financial deregulation, financial independence, floating exchange rates, future of work, gentrification, global village, Gunnar Myrdal, Hacker Ethic, hiring and firing, Howard Rheingold, illegal immigration, income inequality, independent contractor, Induced demand, industrial robot, informal economy, information retrieval, intermodal, invention of the steam engine, invention of the telephone, inventory management, Ivan Sutherland, James Watt: steam engine, job automation, job-hopping, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, Kanban, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, labor-force participation, laissez-faire capitalism, Leonard Kleinrock, longitudinal study, low skilled workers, manufacturing employment, Marc Andreessen, Marshall McLuhan, means of production, megacity, Menlo Park, military-industrial complex, moral panic, new economy, New Urbanism, offshore financial centre, oil shock, open economy, packet switching, Pearl River Delta, peer-to-peer, planetary scale, popular capitalism, popular electronics, post-Fordism, post-industrial society, Post-Keynesian economics, postindustrial economy, prediction markets, Productivity paradox, profit maximization, purchasing power parity, RAND corporation, Recombinant DNA, Robert Gordon, Robert Metcalfe, Robert Solow, seminal paper, Shenzhen special economic zone , Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, social software, South China Sea, South of Market, San Francisco, special economic zone, spinning jenny, statistical model, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Strategic Defense Initiative, tacit knowledge, technological determinism, Ted Nelson, the built environment, the medium is the message, the new new thing, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, total factor productivity, trade liberalization, transaction costs, urban renewal, urban sprawl, vertical integration, work culture , zero-sum game

Wellman, Barry (1979) “The community question”, American Journal of Sociology, 84: 1201–31. —— (1997) “An electronic group is virtually a social network”, in Kiesler (ed.) (1997): 179–205. —— (ed.) (1999) Networks in the Global Village, Boulder, CO: Westview Press. —— and Gulia, Milena (1999) “Netsurfers don’t ride alone: virtual communities as communities”, in Barry Wellman (ed.), Networks in the Global Village, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 331–66. —— et al. (1996) “Computer networks as social networks: collaborative work, telework and virtual community”, Annual Reviews of Sociology, 22: 213–38. Wexler, Joanie (1994) “ATT preps service for video on demand”, Network World, 11(25): 6.

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Yet the fact that not everybody watches the same thing at the same time, and that each culture and social group has a specific relationship to the media system, does make a fundamental difference vis-à-vis the old system of standardized mass media. In addition, the widespread practice of “surfing” (simultaneously watching several programs) allows the audience to create its own visual mosaics. While the media have become indeed globally interconnected, and programs and messages circulate in the global network, we are not living in a global village, but in customized cottages globally produced and locally distributed. Figure 5.1 Media sales in 1998 for major media groups (in billions of US dollars) (Author’s note : In January 2000, Time Warner merged with the Internet service provider America On-Line, forming the largest multimedia group in the world) Sources : Company reports; Veronis, Suhler and Associates; Zenith Media; Warburg Dillon Read, elaborated by The Economist (1999c: 62) However, the diversification of the media, because of the conditions of their corporate and institutional control, did not transform the unidirectional logic of their message, nor truly allow the audience’s feedback except in the most primitive form of market reaction.

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McLeod, Roger (1996) “Internet users abandoning TV, survey finds”, San Francisco Chronicle, January 12: 1, 17. McLuhan, Marshall (1962) The Gutenberg Galaxy: the Making of Typographic Man, Toronto: University of Toronto Press. —— (1964) Understanding Media: the Extensions of Man, New York: Macmillan. —— and Powers, Bruce R. (1989) The Global Village: Transformations in World Life and Media in the 21st Century, New York: Oxford University Press. McMillan, C. (1984) The Japanese Industrial System, Berlin: De Gruyter. McNeill, William H. (1977) Plagues and People, New York: Doubleday. Maddison, A. (1982) Phases of Capitalised Development, New York: Oxford University Press. —— (1984) “Comparative analysis of the productivity situation in the advanced capitalist countries”, in John W.

The Weightless World: Strategies for Managing the Digital Economy by Diane Coyle

Alan Greenspan, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, blue-collar work, Bretton Woods, business cycle, clean water, company town, computer age, Corn Laws, creative destruction, cross-subsidies, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, dematerialisation, Diane Coyle, Edward Glaeser, everywhere but in the productivity statistics, financial deregulation, flying shuttle, full employment, George Santayana, global village, Great Leap Forward, hiring and firing, Howard Rheingold, income inequality, informal economy, invention of the sewing machine, invisible hand, Jane Jacobs, Joseph Schumpeter, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, labour market flexibility, laissez-faire capitalism, lump of labour, Mahbub ul Haq, Marshall McLuhan, mass immigration, McJob, Meghnad Desai, microcredit, moral panic, Neal Stephenson, Network effects, new economy, Nick Leeson, night-watchman state, North Sea oil, offshore financial centre, pension reform, pension time bomb, pensions crisis, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, Snow Crash, spinning jenny, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the market place, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, Tobin tax, Tragedy of the Commons, two tier labour market, very high income, War on Poverty, winner-take-all economy, working-age population

It is, equally, both nonsense and politically unsophisticated — just so much globaloney — to embrace the opposite point of view, that there are unlimited benefits to be reaped from globalisation if only everybody would stop grumbling. The idea that what is happening to the world is globalisation has become a cliché. It dates back to Marshall McLuhan’s ‘global village’, and has adhered to our mental processes through all the subsequent technological changes, resurfacing again most recently as the ‘death of distance’. But it does not capture the essential nature of the transformation we are living through. Consider the fashionable argument that the degree of trade and investment and migration between nations is no greater now than it was a century ago, and therefore there is nothing special (and nothing that governments cannot handle using conventional economic policies) about what is happening now.

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Consider the fashionable argument that the degree of trade and investment and migration between nations is no greater now than it was a century ago, and therefore there is nothing special (and nothing that governments cannot handle using conventional economic policies) about what is happening now. This is faulty logic. If the degree of international linkage has barely returned to where it was at the start of the twentieth century, then globalisation is not what is special about today’s world economy. For things are different now. We live in a weightless world, not a global village. Introduction xix Viewing the world through the lens of a different metaphor, weightlessness, suggests a radically different approach to the policies needed to react to the genuine economic dislocations that are taking place. It is a more realistic vision, neither inevitably apocalyptic nor necessarily utopian.

There Is No Planet B: A Handbook for the Make or Break Years by Mike Berners-Lee

air freight, Anthropocene, autonomous vehicles, Big Tech, biodiversity loss, call centre, carbon footprint, carbon tax, cloud computing, dematerialisation, disinformation, driverless car, Easter island, Elon Musk, energy security, energy transition, fake news, food miles, Gini coefficient, global supply chain, global village, Hans Rosling, high-speed rail, income inequality, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Jevons paradox, land reform, microplastics / micro fibres, negative emissions, neoliberal agenda, off grid, performance metric, post-truth, profit motive, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, smart cities, Stephen Hawking, systems thinking, TED Talk, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, trickle-down economics, urban planning

There is still plenty of room for ambition in life – we just need to direct it in positive ways. Evolution (of humans) Something we need to rebalance. We have developed the technology and the power. Now we need to complement that with new sets of thinking skills; global empathy, systems thinking, appreciation of what we have and values that allow life in the global village where all the eggs are in one basket, like it or not. Experts As the complexity of the issues goes up, so we need to get better at understanding what experts tell us. Experts need to get smarter in their specialisms but at the same time more joined up with other disciplines and better at communicating to anyone who is interested.

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And for some this applies to human survival in the Anthropocene: ‘We will be fine because we always have been’. There are two problems with this line of argument. Firstly, humans have inflicted some very hard times on themselves in the past, sometimes wiping out whole communities. Now that we are a global village, like it or not, it would be a great shame if our community got into as much trouble as the people on Easter Island who chopped down the last tree. The second problem with this line of reasoning is that it actually says nothing at all, because every member of every species that ever lived could say, during their lifetime, that their species had always survived.

Made to Break: Technology and Obsolescence in America by Giles Slade

Albert Einstein, Alexey Pajitnov wrote Tetris, American ideology, Apollo Guidance Computer, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, Buckminster Fuller, business cycle, Cass Sunstein, Charles Babbage, Charles Lindbergh, creative destruction, disinformation, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Dr. Strangelove, Fairchild Semiconductor, Ford Model T, global village, Herman Kahn, housing crisis, indoor plumbing, invention of radio, Jeff Hawkins, John Perry Barlow, Joseph Schumpeter, Lewis Mumford, Marshall McLuhan, Mikhail Gorbachev, more computing power than Apollo, mutually assured destruction, PalmPilot, planned obsolescence, public intellectual, Ralph Nader, rent control, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, Steve Jobs, Strategic Defense Initiative, Suez crisis 1956, the market place, the medium is the message, The Soul of a New Machine, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thorstein Veblen, unemployed young men, upwardly mobile, Vladimir Vetrov: Farewell Dossier, white picket fence, women in the workforce

Weeks before Germany capitulated, the United Nations Conference had convened in San Francisco, to enormous international interest and enthusiasm. Around the world, there was renewed determination to create an international forum stronger and more effective than the League of Nations had been between the wars. Decades before Marshall McLuhan coined the phrase “global village,” Cousins clearly understood the planetary implications of the previous years of confli t: “The world has at last become a geographic unit, if we measure geographic units not according to absolute size, but according to access and proximity. All peoples are members of this related group . . .

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For this reason, he wrote his books in a provocative, mosaic, nonlinear, and very difficul style that was “characteristic of electronic information movement” and that, he felt, was “the only relevant approach.”64 He borrowed the term “mosaic” from Naked Lunch (1959), mimicking William Burroughs’s novelistic technique because it best refle ted “the mosaic mesh of the TV image that compels so much active participation on the part of the viewer.”65 “Our planet,” McLuhan wrote in a famous phrase, had “been reduced to village size by new media.” A central characteristic of the global village created by television and computers was the “principle of simultaneous touch and interplay” whose chief characteristic is that “we are most at leisure when we are most intensely involved.” McLuhan’s attempt to understand human activity and progress during a crisis of social change was mirrored in the work of European social theorists who called themselves post-structuralists.

Data Action: Using Data for Public Good by Sarah Williams

affirmative action, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Andrei Shleifer, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, Brexit referendum, Cambridge Analytica, Charles Babbage, City Beautiful movement, commoditize, coronavirus, COVID-19, crowdsourcing, data acquisition, data is the new oil, data philanthropy, data science, digital divide, digital twin, Donald Trump, driverless car, Edward Glaeser, fake news, four colour theorem, global village, Google Earth, informal economy, Internet of things, Jane Jacobs, John Snow's cholera map, Kibera, Lewis Mumford, Marshall McLuhan, mass immigration, mass incarceration, megacity, military-industrial complex, Minecraft, neoliberal agenda, New Urbanism, Norbert Wiener, nowcasting, oil shale / tar sands, openstreetmap, place-making, precautionary principle, RAND corporation, ride hailing / ride sharing, selection bias, self-driving car, sentiment analysis, Sidewalk Labs, smart cities, Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia, Steven Levy, the built environment, The Chicago School, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, transatlantic slave trade, Uber for X, upwardly mobile, urban planning, urban renewal, W. E. B. Du Bois, Works Progress Administration

., “Chatty Maps.” 48 Anselin and Williams, “Digital Neighborhoods.” 49 Justin Cranshaw et al., “The Livehoods Project: Utilizing Social Media to Understand the Dynamics of a City,” Proceedings of the Sixth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 2012. 50 T. W. Grein et al., “Rumors of Disease in the Global Village: Outbreak Verification,” Emerging Infectious Diseases 6, no. 2 (2000): 97–102; David L Heymann and Guénaël R Rodier, “Hot Spots in a Wired World: WHO Surveillance of Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases,” Lancet Infectious Diseases 1, no. 5 (December 1, 2001): 345–353, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(01)00148-7; Nkuchia M.

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“The Cambridge Analytica Files: The Story So Far.” Guardian, March 25, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/26/the-cambridge-analytica-files-the-story-so-far. Grein, T. W., K. B. Kamara, G. Rodier, A. J. Plant, P. Bovier, M. J. Ryan, T. Ohyama, and D. L. Heymann. “Rumors of Disease in the Global Village: Outbreak Verification.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 6, no. 2 (2000): 97–102. Groner, Anya. “Healing the Gulf with Buckets and Balloons.” Guernica, September 8, 2016. https://www.guernicamag.com/anya-groner-healing-the-gulf-with-buckets-and-balloons/. Guagliardo, Mark F. “Spatial Accessibility of Primary Care: Concepts, Methods and Challenges.”

No Rules Rules: Netflix and the Culture of Reinvention by Reed Hastings, Erin Meyer

Airbnb, An Inconvenient Truth, Downton Abbey, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, FedEx blackjack story, global village, hiring and firing, job-hopping, karōshi / gwarosa / guolaosi, late fees, loose coupling, loss aversion, out of africa, performance metric, Saturday Night Live, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Skype, Stephen Hawking, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, subscription business, super pumped, tech worker, The last Blockbuster video rental store is in Bend, Oregon, work culture

Yet Melissa believed that Netflix had a chance to differentiate itself, not just as a global brand, but as a truly global platform: Around the world most kids watch either content from their own country or shows and movies that originated in the US. But I felt that to be as international as Reed had outlined at QBR we could do better. I wanted the kids’ slate of shows on Netflix to be like a global village. When ten-year-old Kulap, who lives in a Bangkok high-rise, wakes up on Saturday morning and turns on Netflix, I wanted her to see not just characters from Thailand (those are already on her local television channels) or from the US (those are on the Disney cable station) but a variety of TV and movie friends from around the world.

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During this meeting Melissa found alignment with her six direct reports. Dominique Bazay, the director whose team acquires preschool content, was one of them. DOMINIQUE BAZAY ON A MIDDLE-SIZE BRANCH— WITH ANIMATION AIM HIGH After that meeting with Melissa, Dominique thought a lot about how to make Melissa’s “global village” dream come true. To encourage Kulap to watch TV created in Sweden and Kenya, what types of shows should Netflix be offering? Dominique felt that animation was the best answer to this question. That led to the context she set with her own team: Cartoon Peppa Pig speaks Spanish like a Spaniard, Turkish like a Turk, and absolutely perfect Japanese.

The Taste of War: World War Two and the Battle for Food by Lizzie Collingham

agricultural Revolution, air gap, American ideology, Bletchley Park, British Empire, centre right, clean water, colonial exploitation, distributed generation, European colonialism, fixed income, full employment, global village, guns versus butter model, indoor plumbing, labour mobility, land reform, mass immigration, means of production, profit motive, rising living standards, trade route, V2 rocket, women in the workforce

., p. 219. 28 Danbom, Born in the Country, p. 236. 29 Hurt, Problems of Plenty, p. 115. 30 Pollard, The Development of the British Economy, p. 167; Lamer, The World Fertilizer Economy, pp. 198–201, 214–16; Wilcox, The Farmer, pp. 53–7; Lonsdale, ‘The Depression’, p. 121. 31 Hurt, American Agriculture, p. 32; Bengelsdorf, Die Landwirtschaft der Vereinigten Staaten, p. 351. 32 Offer, The First World War, p. 151. 33 Bengelsdorf, Die Landwirtschaft der Vereinigten Staaten, p. 83; Jeffries, Wartime America, p. 45. 34 Hurt, Problems of Plenty, p. 74. 35 Jeffries, Wartime America, pp. 21, 52–3. 36 Hurt, Problems of Plenty, p. 90. 37 Bengelsdorf, Die Landwirtschaft der Vereinigten Staaten, p. 70. 38 Jeffries, Wartime America, p. 77. 39 Harrison, Growing a Global Village, pp. 3–4, 20. 40 Ibid., pp. 29, 32. 41 Cramp, ‘Food – the first munition of war’, p. 76. 42 Harrison, Growing a Global Village, pp. 6–7, 42–4. 43 Wilcox, The Farmer, pp. 51, 76. 44 Harrison, Growing a Global Village, pp. 47–8, 50. 45 Ibid., pp. 56–8, 71. 46 Ibid., p. 13. 47 Seabrook Farms, New Jersey, http://www.usgennet.org/usa/nj/state/seabrook_farms_nj.htm. 48 Danbom, Born in the Country, p. 234. 49 Hurt, Problems of Plenty, pp. 124–5; Hurt, American Agriculture, p. 306. 50 Hodgson, Few Eggs, p. 380. 51 Bayly and Harper, Forgotten Armies, p. 368. 52 Bengelsdorf, Die Landwirtschaft der Vereinigten Staaten, p. 107; Lawrence, Eat Your Heart Out, p. 255. 53 Wilcox, The Farmer, p. 198. 54 Gratzer, Terrors of the Table, pp. 105–6. 55 Lovin, ‘Agricultural reorganization’, p. 460; Wehler, Deutsche Gesellschafts-geschichte, p. 705; Von der Decken, ‘Die Ernährung in England und Deutschland’, p. 179. 56 Watters, Illinois in the Second World War, p. 348. 57 Campbell, Women at War, p. 181. 58 Watters, Illinois in the Second World War, pp. 348–9. 59 Bengelsdorf, Die Landwirtschaft der Vereinigten Staaten, pp. 107–8. 60 Lawrence, Eat Your Heart Out, p. 255. 61 Rankine, Soya, p. 1. 62 Pollan, In Defence of Food, p. 117. 63 Rankine, Soya, p. 9; Lawrence, Eat Your Heart Out, pp. 286–8. 64 Wilcox, The Farmer, p. 198. 65 Rankine, Soya, p. 3. 66 Bengelsdorf, Die Landwirtschaft der Vereinigten Staaten, p. 109. 67 Ibid., p. 301. 5 Feeding Britain 1 Cherrington, On the Smell of an Oily Rag, p. 161. 2 Calder, The People’s War, p. 418; Murray, Agriculture, p. 340. 3 Wilt, Food for War, p. 225. 4 Ibid., p. 187. 5 Brassley, ‘Wartime productivity’, pp. 37, 48, 54. 6 Wilt, Food for War, p. 224. 7 Vat, The Atlantic Campaign, p. 223; Hammond, Food and Agriculture, p. 49. 8 Ibid., p. 230. 9 Adams, Farm Problems, p. 12. 10 Pollard, British Economy, p. 67. 11 Hurd, A Farmer in Whitehall, p. 22. 12 Wilt, Food for War, p. 189. 13 Hammond, Food and Agriculture, p. 35. 14 Smith, Conflict over Convoys, pp. 45–6. 15 56,200 in 1939 to 203,000 tractors by 1946.

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The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army 1868–1945 (Heinemann, London, 1991). Harris, José, ‘Great Britain: The People’s War?’, in David Reynolds, Warren F. Kimball and A. O. Chubarian (eds), Allies at War. The Soviet, American and British Experience, 1939–1945 (Macmillan, London, 1994), pp. 233–60. Harrison, Charles H., Growing a Global Village. Making History at Seabrook Farms (Holmes & Meier, New York, 2003). Harrison, Mark, ‘The Second World War’, in R. W. Davies, Mark Harrison and S. G. Wheatcroft (eds), The Economic Transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913–1945 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994), pp. 238–67. ——, Accounting for War.

The Moral Animal: Evolutionary Psychology and Everyday Life by Robert Wright

agricultural Revolution, Andrei Shleifer, Apollo 13, Asian financial crisis, British Empire, centre right, cognitive dissonance, cotton gin, double entry bookkeeping, double helix, Easter island, fault tolerance, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Garrett Hardin, George Gilder, global village, Great Leap Forward, invention of gunpowder, invention of movable type, invention of the telegraph, invention of writing, invisible hand, John Nash: game theory, John von Neumann, Marshall McLuhan, Multics, Norbert Wiener, planetary scale, planned obsolescence, pre–internet, profit motive, Ralph Waldo Emerson, random walk, Richard Thaler, rising living standards, Robert Solow, Silicon Valley, social intelligence, social web, Steven Pinker, talking drums, technological determinism, the medium is the message, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, trade route, Tragedy of the Commons, your tax dollars at work, zero-sum game

And Teilhard de Chardin, in particular, stressed a comparable tendency in human history: the evolution, over the millennia, of ever more vast and complex social structures. His extrapolations from this trend were prescient. Writing at the middle of this century, he dwelt on telecommunications, and the globalization it abets, before these subjects were all the rage. (Marshall McLuhan, coiner of “global village,” had read Teilhard.) With his concept of the “noosphere,” the “thinking envelope of the Earth,” Teilhard even anticipated in a vague way the Internet—more than a decade before the invention of the microchip. Can the trends rightly noted by Bergson and Teilhard—basic tendencies in biological evolution and in the technological and social evolution of the human species—be explained in scientific, physical terms?

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As a result, people become embedded in larger and richer webs of interdependence. This basic sequence—the conversion of non-zero-sum situations into mostly positive sums—had started happening at least as early as 15,000 years ago. Then it happened again. And again. And again. Until—voilà!—here we are, riding in airplanes, sending e-mail, living in a global village. I don’t mean to minimize the interesting details that populate most history books: Sumerian kings, barbarian hordes, medieval knights, the Protestant Reformation, nascent nationalism, and so on. In fact, I try to give all of these their due (along with such too-often-neglected exemplars of the human experience as native American hunter-gatherers, Polynesian chiefdoms, Islamic commercial innovations, African kingdoms, Aztec justice, and precocious Chinese technology).

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The Mongol Empire’s transcontinental highway, paired with seagoing trade routes to the south, thus carried Eurasia’s invisible brain, and its invisible hand, to new evolutionary heights. They were still primitive organs by modern standards; goods and ideas traveled between east and west without east and west having a clear idea of each other. A global village it wasn’t. Still, mutual awareness was now higher than in ancient times, when the Chinese thought cotton coming from the west was fleece from “water sheep,” and Romans thought their imported silk grew on silk trees. In the mid-fourteenth century, a papal envoy to China even managed to convince some Europeans that Asia did not, in fact, contain whole nations of monsters (although, he conceded, “there may be an individual monster here and there”).

Future Files: A Brief History of the Next 50 Years by Richard Watson

Abraham Maslow, Albert Einstein, bank run, banking crisis, battle of ideas, Black Swan, call centre, carbon credits, carbon footprint, carbon tax, cashless society, citizen journalism, commoditize, computer age, computer vision, congestion charging, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, deglobalization, digital Maoism, digital nomad, disintermediation, driverless car, epigenetics, failed state, financial innovation, Firefox, food miles, Ford Model T, future of work, Future Shock, global pandemic, global supply chain, global village, hive mind, hobby farmer, industrial robot, invention of the telegraph, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, knowledge economy, lateral thinking, linked data, low cost airline, low skilled workers, M-Pesa, mass immigration, Northern Rock, Paradox of Choice, peak oil, pensions crisis, precautionary principle, precision agriculture, prediction markets, Ralph Nader, Ray Kurzweil, rent control, RFID, Richard Florida, self-driving car, speech recognition, synthetic biology, telepresence, the scientific method, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Turing test, Victor Gruen, Virgin Galactic, white flight, women in the workforce, work culture , Zipcar

For example, if you are training to be a film editor you might want to bear in mind that editing can be done in India, and more cheaply. The same is true of tax returns, X-ray analysis and dealing with parking-fine disputes, all of which are currently being worked on in cities across Asia. However, there’s some good news too. The flip side of the global village is that if you’re really good at what you do, companies will compete globally for your skills as jobs become more mobile. X or Y? The second key driver of change is demographics. Most countries face a demographic double-whammy where an ageing workforce collides with a declining birth rate. According to the Herman Group, this will mean a shortage of 10 million workers in the US by 2010.

…

As for key risks, there are many to choose from. The tension between globalization and localization is one contender. On the one hand global connectivity and interdependence may herald the dawning of a new age of cooperation. However, things could play the other way too. People may grow tired of belonging to a global village and strive instead to communicate their regional and national differences. This would be a world where the individual still reigned supreme and patriotism and nationalism flourished along with economic protectionism. In a sense this is going backwards, but there may be no stopping it. As resources such as oil start to run out, countries will strive to protect what they have and global trade could easily become local trade as the cost of moving resources, workers and finished goods no longer adds up.

The COVID-19 Catastrophe: What's Gone Wrong and How to Stop It Happening Again by Richard Horton

Anthropocene, biodiversity loss, Boris Johnson, cognitive bias, contact tracing, coronavirus, COVID-19, Deng Xiaoping, disinformation, Dominic Cummings, Donald Trump, fake news, Future Shock, global pandemic, global village, Herbert Marcuse, informal economy, lockdown, nowcasting, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Peace of Westphalia, Slavoj Žižek, social distancing, South China Sea, zoonotic diseases

As we have all learned to say: stay safe, stay strong. 1 From Wuhan to the World While the human race battles itself, fighting over ever more crowded turf and scarcer resources, the advantage moves to the microbes’ court. They are our predators and they will be victorious if we, Homo sapiens, do not learn how to live in a rational global village that affords the microbes few opportunities. It’s either that or we brace ourselves for the coming plague. Laurie Garrett, The Coming Plague (1994) Something happened. The precise details still remain uncertain and may never be fully uncovered. But here is what one can reasonably be sure of so far.

#Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media by Cass R. Sunstein

A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Alvin Toffler, behavioural economics, Bernie Sanders, Black Lives Matter, Cass Sunstein, choice architecture, digital divide, Donald Trump, drone strike, Erik Brynjolfsson, fake news, Filter Bubble, friendly fire, global village, illegal immigration, immigration reform, income inequality, Jane Jacobs, John Perry Barlow, loss aversion, Mark Zuckerberg, obamacare, Oklahoma City bombing, prediction markets, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, Skype, Snapchat, stem cell, The Chicago School, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the long tail, The Wisdom of Crowds, Twitter Arab Spring, WikiLeaks, Yochai Benkler

For a prescient discussion of “cyberbalkinization,” see also Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000), 177–79, which draws in turn on an illuminating earlier paper, Marshall Van Alstyne and Erik Brynjolfsson, “Electronic Communities: Global Village or Cyberbalkans?” (working paper, MIT Sloan School, Cambridge, MA, 1996), http://web.mit.edu/marshall/www/papers/CyberBalkans.pdf (accessed August 23, 2016). 2.In a provocative 2011 book, Eli Pariser popularized a theory of “filter bubbles” in which he posited that due to the effects of algorithmic filtering, Internet users are likely to be provided with information that conforms to their existing interests and, in effect, is isolated from differing viewpoints.

…

Martin and Ali Yurukoglu, “Bias in Cable News: Persuasion and Polarization” (working paper no. 20798, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, December 2014), http://www.nber.org/papers/w20798.pdf (accessed September 2, 2016). 3.See Shanto Iyengar and Richard Morin, “Red Media, Blue Media,” Washington Post, May 3, 2006, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/03/AR2006050300865.html (accessed September 2, 2016). 4.Marshall Van Alstyne and Erik Brynjolfsson, “Electronic Communities: Global Village or Cyberbalkans?” (working paper, MIT Sloan School, Cambridge, MA, 1996), http://web.mit.edu/marshall/www/papers/CyberBalkans.pdf (accessed September 2, 2016). 5.For a fascinating discussion, see Ronald Jacobs, Race, Media, and the Crisis of Civil Society: From Watts to Rodney King (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000). 6.David Schkade, Cass R.

Utopia Is Creepy: And Other Provocations by Nicholas Carr

Abraham Maslow, Air France Flight 447, Airbnb, Airbus A320, AltaVista, Amazon Mechanical Turk, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, Bernie Sanders, book scanning, Brewster Kahle, Buckminster Fuller, Burning Man, Captain Sullenberger Hudson, centralized clearinghouse, Charles Lindbergh, cloud computing, cognitive bias, collaborative consumption, computer age, corporate governance, CRISPR, crowdsourcing, Danny Hillis, data science, deskilling, digital capitalism, digital map, disruptive innovation, Donald Trump, driverless car, Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Elon Musk, Evgeny Morozov, factory automation, failed state, feminist movement, Frederick Winslow Taylor, friendly fire, game design, global village, Google bus, Google Glasses, Google X / Alphabet X, Googley, hive mind, impulse control, indoor plumbing, interchangeable parts, Internet Archive, invention of movable type, invention of the steam engine, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, Joan Didion, job automation, John Perry Barlow, Kevin Kelly, Larry Ellison, Lewis Mumford, lifelogging, lolcat, low skilled workers, machine readable, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Max Levchin, means of production, Menlo Park, mental accounting, natural language processing, Neal Stephenson, Network effects, new economy, Nicholas Carr, Nick Bostrom, Norman Mailer, off grid, oil shale / tar sands, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, profit motive, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, Republic of Letters, robot derives from the Czech word robota Czech, meaning slave, Ronald Reagan, scientific management, self-driving car, SETI@home, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Singularitarianism, Snapchat, social graph, social web, speech recognition, Startup school, stem cell, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, technoutopianism, TED Talk, the long tail, the medium is the message, theory of mind, Turing test, Tyler Cowen, Whole Earth Catalog, Y Combinator, Yochai Benkler

The Gutenberg Galaxy, published in 1962, explored the cultural and personal consequences of the printing press, arguing that Gutenberg’s invention shaped the modern mind. Two years later, Understanding Media extended the analysis to the electric media of the twentieth century, which, McLuhan argued, were destroying the individualist ethos of print culture and turning the world into a tightly networked global village. The ideas in both books drew heavily on the works of other thinkers, including such contemporaries as Harold Innis, Albert Lord, and Wyndham Lewis, but McLuhan’s synthesis was, in content and tone, unlike anything that had come before. When you read McLuhan today, you find all sorts of reasons to be impressed by his insight into media’s far-reaching effects and by his anticipation of the course of technological progress.

…

The tension between McLuhan’s craving for earthly attention and his distaste for the material world would never be resolved. Even as he came to be worshipped as a techno-utopian seer in the mid-sixties, he had already, writes Coupland, lost all hope “that the world might become a better place with new technology.” He heralded the global village, and was genuinely excited by its imminence and its possibilities, but he also saw its arrival as the death knell for the literary culture he revered. The electronically connected society would be the setting not for the further flourishing of civilization but for the return of tribalism, if on a vast new scale.

Culture works: the political economy of culture by Richard Maxwell

1960s counterculture, accelerated depreciation, American ideology, AOL-Time Warner, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, big-box store, business process, commoditize, corporate governance, cuban missile crisis, deindustrialization, digital capitalism, digital divide, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Ford Model T, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, global village, Howard Rheingold, income inequality, informal economy, intermodal, late capitalism, Marshall McLuhan, medical malpractice, Neil Armstrong, Network effects, post-Fordism, profit maximization, Ralph Nader, refrigerator car, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, streetcar suburb, structural adjustment programs, talking drums, telemarketer, the built environment, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, Thorstein Veblen, Unsafe at Any Speed, urban renewal, vertical integration, Victor Gruen, Whole Earth Catalog, women in the workforce, work culture

Access Political economy reminds us that the power to communicate in marketbased societies is profoundly influenced by unequal access to the means of 197 Chad Raphael media production, distribution, and interpretation. Inequality of access is structured in part by the costs of using a medium. Despite paeans to the Web’s ability to lower communication costs and create an all-inclusive global village, it is probably the most expensive medium ever devised, and certainly the most costly available today. To those of us whose access is paid for by a university, corporate, or government employer, the Web seems to offer a cornucopia of free research, news, services, and diversions. But our ability to use the medium depends on long-term investments of time and money that are clearest if considered from the standpoint of the less-subsidized home user, and as compared with other media.

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We can cer202 The Web tainly speculate about the social-opportunity costs in a society where, in less than a year, a public debate over universal access to the Internet supplanted a debate over universal access to basic health care. Given the economics of the Web, it is not surprising that its development, although rapid, has been highly uneven. By the end of 2000, the “global village” of Internet users encompassed less than 7 percent of the world.15 The average netizen was wealthy, educated, young, urban, and male.16 The developed world dominated the content of the Web. In 1999, North America possessed 64 percent of Internet host computers, and Europe had another 24 percent; there were more hosts in New York than in all of Africa.17 Seventy percent of all Web sites originated in the United States.18 English, which may be spoken by only 15 percent of the world,19 remained the overriding language of the Web, accounting for 78 percent of all sites and 96 percent of E-commerce sites.20 Of course, the quarter of the world that was illiterate was unlikely to find much use for the Web.21 Poverty and low telecommunications subsidies in much of the less developed world made Internet access seem far out of reach for the foreseeable future.

Age of Anger: A History of the Present by Pankaj Mishra

anti-communist, Asian financial crisis, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, Boeing 747, Brexit referendum, British Empire, classic study, colonial rule, continuation of politics by other means, creative destruction, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, Evgeny Morozov, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Fellow of the Royal Society, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, George Santayana, global village, Great Leap Forward, Gunnar Myrdal, informal economy, invisible hand, liberal capitalism, Mahatma Gandhi, Marshall McLuhan, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, Nelson Mandela, Oklahoma City bombing, Peter Thiel, Philip Mirowski, planetary scale, plutocrats, power law, precariat, public intellectual, Republic of Letters, Scientific racism, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, smart cities, Snapchat, stem cell, technological solutionism, the scientific method, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Timothy McVeigh, trade route, traveling salesman, urban planning, Vilfredo Pareto, wage slave, women in the workforce, zero-sum game

In this new totality, Afghan deserts and caves could immediately connect with and short-circuit New York, America’s financial centre, obliterating old distinctions maintained even during the nuclear standoff of the Cold War between internal and external spaces, war and peace, and the West and its enemies. The 9/11 terrorists had been trained by Islamists once sponsored by the CIA and Middle-Eastern plutocrats, and they were armed with America’s own box-cutters and civilian aeroplanes. These ‘barbarians’ who struck at the heart of empire hinted that the ‘global village’ would manifest its contradictions through a state of permanent and uncontrolled crisis. But the shock to naive minds only further entrenched in them the intellectual habits of the Cold War – thinking through binary oppositions of ‘free’ and ‘unfree’ worlds, liberalism and totalitarianism – while reviving nineteenth-century Western clichés about the non-West.

…

Early in the twentieth century, communications technology was still confined to the telegraph, the telephone and the cinema; but Max Weber warned that, combined with the pressure of work and opaque political and economic forces, it would push modern individuals away from public life and into a ‘subjectivist culture’ – or what he called ‘sterile excitation’. In 1969, Marshall McLuhan claimed that the era of literacy had ended with the advent of radio and television; their multi-sensory experience in a ‘global village’ had returned humankind to tribal structures of feeling and ‘we begin again to live a myth’. Today’s colossal exodus of human lives into cyberspace is even more dramatically transforming old notions of time, space, knowledge, values, identities and social relations. The public sphere, the original creation of eighteenth-century commoners liberating themselves from feudal and aristocratic privilege, has radically expanded.

Stakeholder Capitalism: A Global Economy That Works for Progress, People and Planet by Klaus Schwab, Peter Vanham

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, additive manufacturing, agricultural Revolution, air traffic controllers' union, Anthropocene, Apple II, Asian financial crisis, Asperger Syndrome, basic income, Berlin Wall, Big Tech, biodiversity loss, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, blue-collar work, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business process, capital controls, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, car-free, carbon footprint, carbon tax, centre right, clean tech, clean water, cloud computing, collateralized debt obligation, collective bargaining, colonial rule, company town, contact tracing, contact tracing app, Cornelius Vanderbilt, coronavirus, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, COVID-19, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, cryptocurrency, cuban missile crisis, currency peg, cyber-physical system, decarbonisation, demographic dividend, Deng Xiaoping, Diane Coyle, digital divide, don't be evil, European colonialism, Fall of the Berlin Wall, family office, financial innovation, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, future of work, gender pay gap, general purpose technology, George Floyd, gig economy, Gini coefficient, global supply chain, global value chain, global village, Google bus, green new deal, Greta Thunberg, high net worth, hiring and firing, housing crisis, income inequality, income per capita, independent contractor, industrial robot, intangible asset, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, invisible hand, James Watt: steam engine, Jeff Bezos, job automation, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Rogoff, Khan Academy, Kickstarter, labor-force participation, lockdown, low interest rates, low skilled workers, Lyft, manufacturing employment, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, Marshall McLuhan, Martin Wolf, means of production, megacity, microplastics / micro fibres, Mikhail Gorbachev, mini-job, mittelstand, move fast and break things, neoliberal agenda, Network effects, new economy, open economy, Peace of Westphalia, Peter Thiel, precariat, Productivity paradox, profit maximization, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, reserve currency, reshoring, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, San Francisco homelessness, School Strike for Climate, self-driving car, seminal paper, shareholder value, Shenzhen special economic zone , Shenzhen was a fishing village, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, social distancing, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, special economic zone, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, synthetic biology, TaskRabbit, The Chicago School, The Future of Employment, The inhabitant of London could order by telephone, sipping his morning tea in bed, the various products of the whole earth, the scientific method, TikTok, Tim Cook: Apple, trade route, transfer pricing, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, union organizing, universal basic income, War on Poverty, We are the 99%, women in the workforce, working poor, working-age population, Yom Kippur War, young professional, zero-sum game

I decided to turn that idea into action by organizing a management forum where business leaders, government representatives, and academics could meet. Davos, a Swiss mountain town that in Victorian times had become famous for its sanatorium treatment of tuberculosis (before antibiotics such as isoniazid and rifampin16 were invented), offered an optimal setting for a sort of global village,17 I thought. High up in the mountains, in this picturesque town known for its clean air, participants could exchange best practices and new ideas and inform each other of pressing global social, economic, and environmental issues. And so, in 1971, I organized the first meeting of the European Management Forum (the forerunner of the World Economic Forum) there, with guests such as Harvard Business School Dean George Pierce Baker, Columbia University Professor Barbara Ward, IBM President Jacques Maisonrouge, and several members of the European Commission.18 The Tumultuous 1970s and 1980s But just then, in the beginning of the 1970s, it became clear the economic miracle wasn't to last.

…

locations=SA. 14 Global Gender Gap report 2018, http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2018/key-findings/. 15 “Historical Background and Development Of Social Security,” Social Security Administration, https://www.ssa.gov/history/briefhistory3.html. 16 Tuberculosis Treatment, Mayo Clinic, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351256. 17 The term “global village” was coined by Canadian thinker Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s. 18 “The World Economic Forum, a Partner in Shaping History, 1971–2020,” p.16 http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_A_Partner_in_Shaping_History.pdf. 19 The Davos Manifesto, 1973, World Economic Forum, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/12/davos-manifesto-1973-a-code-of-ethics-for-business-leaders/. 20 “A Friedman Doctrine—The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits,” Milton Friedman, The New York Times, September 1970, https://www.nytimes.com/1970/09/13/archives/a-friedman-doctrine-the-social-responsibility-of-business-is-to.html. 21 The New York Times Magazine, “What Is Fukuyama Saying?

Stakeholder Capitalism: A Global Economy That Works for Progress, People and Planet by Klaus Schwab

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, additive manufacturing, agricultural Revolution, air traffic controllers' union, Anthropocene, Apple II, Asian financial crisis, Asperger Syndrome, basic income, Berlin Wall, Big Tech, biodiversity loss, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, blue-collar work, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business process, capital controls, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, car-free, carbon footprint, carbon tax, centre right, clean tech, clean water, cloud computing, collateralized debt obligation, collective bargaining, colonial rule, company town, contact tracing, contact tracing app, Cornelius Vanderbilt, coronavirus, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, COVID-19, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, cryptocurrency, cuban missile crisis, currency peg, cyber-physical system, decarbonisation, demographic dividend, Deng Xiaoping, Diane Coyle, digital divide, don't be evil, European colonialism, Fall of the Berlin Wall, family office, financial innovation, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, future of work, gender pay gap, general purpose technology, George Floyd, gig economy, Gini coefficient, global supply chain, global value chain, global village, Google bus, green new deal, Greta Thunberg, high net worth, hiring and firing, housing crisis, income inequality, income per capita, independent contractor, industrial robot, intangible asset, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, invisible hand, James Watt: steam engine, Jeff Bezos, job automation, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Rogoff, Khan Academy, Kickstarter, labor-force participation, lockdown, low interest rates, low skilled workers, Lyft, manufacturing employment, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, Marshall McLuhan, Martin Wolf, means of production, megacity, microplastics / micro fibres, Mikhail Gorbachev, mini-job, mittelstand, move fast and break things, neoliberal agenda, Network effects, new economy, open economy, Peace of Westphalia, Peter Thiel, precariat, Productivity paradox, profit maximization, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, reserve currency, reshoring, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, San Francisco homelessness, School Strike for Climate, self-driving car, seminal paper, shareholder value, Shenzhen special economic zone , Shenzhen was a fishing village, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, social distancing, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, special economic zone, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, synthetic biology, TaskRabbit, The Chicago School, The Future of Employment, The inhabitant of London could order by telephone, sipping his morning tea in bed, the various products of the whole earth, the scientific method, TikTok, Tim Cook: Apple, trade route, transfer pricing, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, union organizing, universal basic income, War on Poverty, We are the 99%, women in the workforce, working poor, working-age population, Yom Kippur War, young professional, zero-sum game

I decided to turn that idea into action by organizing a management forum where business leaders, government representatives, and academics could meet. Davos, a Swiss mountain town that in Victorian times had become famous for its sanatorium treatment of tuberculosis (before antibiotics such as isoniazid and rifampin16 were invented), offered an optimal setting for a sort of global village,17 I thought. High up in the mountains, in this picturesque town known for its clean air, participants could exchange best practices and new ideas and inform each other of pressing global social, economic, and environmental issues. And so, in 1971, I organized the first meeting of the European Management Forum (the forerunner of the World Economic Forum) there, with guests such as Harvard Business School Dean George Pierce Baker, Columbia University Professor Barbara Ward, IBM President Jacques Maisonrouge, and several members of the European Commission.18 The Tumultuous 1970s and 1980s But just then, in the beginning of the 1970s, it became clear the economic miracle wasn't to last.

…

locations=SA. 14 Global Gender Gap report 2018, http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2018/key-findings/. 15 “Historical Background and Development Of Social Security,” Social Security Administration, https://www.ssa.gov/history/briefhistory3.html. 16 Tuberculosis Treatment, Mayo Clinic, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351256. 17 The term “global village” was coined by Canadian thinker Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s. 18 “The World Economic Forum, a Partner in Shaping History, 1971–2020,” p.16 http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_A_Partner_in_Shaping_History.pdf. 19 The Davos Manifesto, 1973, World Economic Forum, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/12/davos-manifesto-1973-a-code-of-ethics-for-business-leaders/. 20 “A Friedman Doctrine—The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits,” Milton Friedman, The New York Times, September 1970, https://www.nytimes.com/1970/09/13/archives/a-friedman-doctrine-the-social-responsibility-of-business-is-to.html. 21 The New York Times Magazine, “What Is Fukuyama Saying?

Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist by Kate Raworth

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", 3D printing, Alan Greenspan, Alvin Toffler, Anthropocene, Asian financial crisis, bank run, basic income, battle of ideas, behavioural economics, benefit corporation, Berlin Wall, biodiversity loss, bitcoin, blockchain, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, Buckminster Fuller, business cycle, call centre, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon tax, Cass Sunstein, choice architecture, circular economy, clean water, cognitive bias, collapse of Lehman Brothers, complexity theory, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, degrowth, dematerialisation, disruptive innovation, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Easter island, en.wikipedia.org, energy transition, Erik Brynjolfsson, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, experimental economics, Exxon Valdez, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial deregulation, Financial Instability Hypothesis, full employment, Future Shock, Garrett Hardin, Glass-Steagall Act, global supply chain, global village, Henri Poincaré, hiring and firing, Howard Zinn, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invention of writing, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, it is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends on his not understanding it, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Rogoff, Kickstarter, land reform, land value tax, Landlord’s Game, loss aversion, low interest rates, low skilled workers, M-Pesa, Mahatma Gandhi, market fundamentalism, Martin Wolf, means of production, megacity, Minsky moment, mobile money, Money creation, Mont Pelerin Society, Myron Scholes, neoliberal agenda, Network effects, Occupy movement, ocean acidification, off grid, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, out of africa, Paul Samuelson, peer-to-peer, planetary scale, price mechanism, quantitative easing, randomized controlled trial, retail therapy, Richard Thaler, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Second Machine Age, secular stagnation, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, smart cities, smart meter, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, South Sea Bubble, statistical model, Steve Ballmer, systems thinking, TED Talk, The Chicago School, The Great Moderation, the map is not the territory, the market place, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, Torches of Freedom, Tragedy of the Commons, trickle-down economics, ultimatum game, universal basic income, Upton Sinclair, Vilfredo Pareto, wikimedia commons

But in the collaborative commons, millions of innovators are defying this received wisdom, co-creating and using free open-source software, known as FOSS, as well as free open-source hardware, or FOSH. It’s a spirit embodied by Marcin Jakubowski, physicist and Missourian farmer, who – frustrated by the extortionate cost of farm machinery that kept breaking down – decided to build his own, while sharing his ever-improving designs online for free. His idea soon grew into the Global Village Construction Set, which aims to demonstrate step-by-step how to build from scratch 50 universally useful machines, from tractors, brick makers and 3D printers to sawmills, bread ovens and wind turbines. The designs have so far been recreated by innovators in India, China, the US, Canada, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Italy and France.

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Page numbers in italics denote illustrations A Aalborg, Denmark, 290 Abbott, Anthony ‘Tony’, 31 ABCD group, 148 Abramovitz, Moses, 262 absolute decoupling, 260–61 Acemoglu, Daron, 86 advertising, 58, 106–7, 112, 281 Agbodjinou, Sénamé, 231 agriculture, 5, 46, 72–3, 148, 155, 178, 181, 183 Alaska, 9 Alaska Permanent Fund, 194 Alperovitz, Gar, 177 alternative enterprise designs, 190–91 altruism, 100, 104 Amazon, 192, 196, 276 Amazon rainforest, 105–6, 253 American Economic Association, 3 American Enterprise Institute, 67 American Tobacco Corporation, 107 Andes, 54 animal spirits, 110 Anthropocene epoch, 48, 253 anthropocentrism, 115 Apertuso, 230 Apple, 85, 192 Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), 148 Arendt, Hannah, 115–16 Argentina, 55, 274 Aristotle, 32, 272 Arrow, Kenneth, 134 Articles of Association and Memoranda, 233 Arusha, Tanzania, 202 Asia Wage Floor Alliance, 177 Asian financial crisis (1997), 90 Asknature.org, 232 Athens, 57 austerity, 163 Australia, 31, 103, 177, 180, 211, 224–6, 255, 260 Austria, 263, 274 availability bias, 112 AXIOM, 230 Axtell, Robert, 150 Ayres, Robert, 263 B B Corp, 241 Babylon, 13 Baker, Josephine, 157 balancing feedback loops, 138–41, 155, 271 Ballmer, Steve, 231 Bangla Pesa, 185–6, 293 Bangladesh, 10, 226 Bank for International Settlements, 256 Bank of America, 149 Bank of England, 145, 147, 256 banking, see under finance Barnes, Peter, 201 Barroso, José Manuel, 41 Bartlett, Albert Allen ‘Al’, 247 basic income, 177, 194, 199–201 basic personal values, 107–9 Basle, Switzerland, 80 Bauwens, Michel, 197 Beckerman, Wilfred, 258 Beckham, David, 171 Beech-Nut Packing Company, 107 behavioural economics, 11, 111–14 behavioural psychology, 103, 128 Beinhocker, Eric, 158 Belgium, 236, 252 Bentham, Jeremy, 98 Benyus, Janine, 116, 218, 223–4, 227, 232, 237, 241 Berger, John, 12, 281 Berlin Wall, 141 Bermuda, 277 Bernanke, Ben, 146 Bernays, Edward, 107, 112, 281–3 Bhopal gas disaster (1984), 9 Bible, 19, 114, 151 Big Bang (1986), 87 billionaires, 171, 200, 289 biodiversity, 10, 46, 48–9, 52, 85, 115, 155, 208, 210, 242, 299 as common pool resource, 201 and land conversion, 49 and inequality, 172 and reforesting, 50 biomass, 73, 118, 210, 212, 221 biomimicry, 116, 218, 227, 229 bioplastic, 224, 293 Birmingham, West Midlands, 10 Black, Fischer, 100–101 Blair, Anthony ‘Tony’, 171 Blockchain, 187, 192 blood donation, 104, 118 Body Shop, The, 232–4 Bogotá, Colombia, 119 Bolivia, 54 Boston, Massachusetts, 3 Bowen, Alex, 261 Bowles, Sam, 104 Box, George, 22 Boyce, James, 209 Brasselberg, Jacob, 187 Brazil, 124, 226, 281, 290 bread riots, 89 Brisbane, Australia, 31 Brown, Gordon, 146 Brynjolfsson, Erik, 193, 194, 258 Buddhism, 54 buen vivir, 54 Bullitt Center, Seattle, 217 Bunge, 148 Burkina Faso, 89 Burmark, Lynell, 13 business, 36, 43, 68, 88–9 automation, 191–5, 237, 258, 278 boom and bust, 246 and circular economy, 212, 215–19, 220, 224, 227–30, 232–4, 292 and complementary currencies, 184–5, 292 and core economy, 80 and creative destruction, 142 and feedback loops, 148 and finance, 183, 184 and green growth, 261, 265, 269 and households, 63, 68 living metrics, 241 and market, 68, 88 micro-businesses, 9 and neoliberalism, 67, 87 ownership, 190–91 and political funding, 91–2, 171–2 and taxation, 23, 276–7 workers’ rights, 88, 91, 269 butterfly economy, 220–42 C C–ROADS (Climate Rapid Overview and Decision Support), 153 C40 network, 280 calculating man, 98 California, United States, 213, 224, 293 Cambodia, 254 Cameron, David, 41 Canada, 196, 255, 260, 281, 282 cancer, 124, 159, 196 Capital Institute, 236 carbon emissions, 49–50, 59, 75 and decoupling, 260, 266 and forests, 50, 52 and inequality, 58 reduction of, 184, 201, 213, 216–18, 223–7, 239–41, 260, 266 stock–flow dynamics, 152–4 taxation, 201, 213 Cargill, 148 Carney, Mark, 256 Caterpillar, 228 Catholic Church, 15, 19 Cato Institute, 67 Celts, 54 central banks, 6, 87, 145, 146, 147, 183, 184, 256 Chang, Ha-Joon, 82, 86, 90 Chaplin, Charlie, 157 Chiapas, Mexico, 121–2 Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE), 100–101 Chicago School, 34, 99 Chile, 7, 42 China, 1, 7, 48, 154, 289–90 automation, 193 billionaires, 200, 289 greenhouse gas emissions, 153 inequality, 164 Lake Erhai doughnut analysis, 56 open-source design, 196 poverty reduction, 151, 198 renewable energy, 239 tiered pricing, 213 Chinese Development Bank, 239 chrematistics, 32, 273 Christianity, 15, 19, 114, 151 cigarettes, 107, 124 circular economy, 220–42, 257 Circular Flow diagram, 19–20, 28, 62–7, 64, 70, 78, 87, 91, 92, 93, 262 Citigroup, 149 Citizen Reaction Study, 102 civil rights movement, 77 Cleveland, Ohio, 190 climate change, 1, 3, 5, 29, 41, 45–53, 63, 74, 75–6, 91, 141, 144, 201 circular economy, 239, 241–2 dynamics of, 152–5 and G20, 31 and GDP growth, 255, 256, 260, 280 and heuristics, 114 and human rights, 10 and values, 126 climate positive cities, 239 closed systems, 74 coffee, 221 cognitive bias, 112–14 Colander, David, 137 Colombia, 119 common-pool resources, 82–3, 181, 201–2 commons, 69, 82–4, 287 collaborative, 78, 83, 191, 195, 196, 264, 292 cultural, 83 digital, 82, 83, 192, 197, 281 and distribution, 164, 180, 181–2, 205, 267 Embedded Economy, 71, 73, 77–8, 82–4, 85, 92 knowledge, 197, 201–2, 204, 229, 231, 292 commons and money creation, see complementary currencies natural, 82, 83, 180, 181–2, 201, 265 and regeneration, 229, 242, 267, 292 and state, 85, 93, 197, 237 and systems, 160 tragedy of, 28, 62, 69, 82, 181 triumph of, 83 and values, 106, 108 Commons Trusts, 201 complementary currencies, 158, 182–8, 236, 292 complex systems, 28, 129–62 complexity science, 136–7 Consumer Reaction Study, 102 consumerism, 58, 102, 121, 280–84 cooking, 45, 80, 186 Coote, Anna, 278 Copenhagen, Denmark, 124 Copernicus, Nicolaus, 14–15 copyright, 195, 197, 204 core economy, 79–80 Corporate To Do List, 215–19 Costa Rica, 172 Council of Economic Advisers, US, 6, 37 Cox, Jo, 117 cradle to cradle, 224 creative destruction, 142 Cree, 282 Crompton, Tom, 125–6 cross-border flows, 89–90 crowdsourcing, 204 cuckoos, 32, 35, 36, 38, 40, 54, 60, 159, 244, 256, 271 currencies, 182–8, 236, 274, 292 D da Vinci, Leonardo, 13, 94–5 Dallas, Texas, 120 Daly, Herman, 74, 143, 271 Danish Nudging Network, 124 Darwin, Charles, 14 Debreu, Gerard, 134 debt, 37, 146–7, 172–3, 182–5, 247, 255, 269 decoupling, 193, 210, 258–62, 273 defeat device software, 216 deforestation, 49–50, 74, 208, 210 degenerative linear economy, 211–19, 222–3, 237 degrowth, 244 DeMartino, George, 161 democracy, 77, 171–2, 258 demurrage, 274 Denmark, 180, 275, 290 deregulation, 82, 87, 269 derivatives, 100–101, 149 Devas, Charles Stanton, 97 Dey, Suchitra, 178 Diamond, Jared, 154 diarrhoea, 5 differential calculus, 131, 132 digital revolution, 191–2, 264 diversify–select–amplify, 158 double spiral, 54 Doughnut model, 10–11, 11, 23–5, 44, 51 and aspiration, 58–9, 280–84 big picture, 28, 42, 61–93 distribution, 29, 52, 57, 58, 76, 93, 158, 163–205 ecological ceiling, 10, 11, 44, 45, 46, 49, 51, 218, 254, 295, 298 goal, 25–8, 31–60 and governance, 57, 59 growth agnosticism, 29–30, 243–85 human nature, 28–9, 94–128 and population, 57–8 regeneration, 29, 158, 206–42 social foundation, 10, 11, 44, 45, 49, 51, 58, 77, 174, 200, 254, 295–6 systems, 28, 129–62 and technology, 57, 59 Douglas, Margaret, 78–9 Dreyfus, Louis, 148 ‘Dumb and Dumber in Macroeconomics’ (Solow), 135 Durban, South Africa, 214 E Earning by Learning, 120 Earth-system science, 44–53, 115, 216, 288, 298 Easter Island, 154 Easterlin, Richard, 265–6 eBay, 105, 192 eco-literacy, 115 ecological ceiling, 10, 11, 44, 45, 46, 49, 51, 218, 254, 295, 298 Ecological Performance Standards, 241 Econ 101 course, 8, 77 Economics (Lewis), 114 Economics (Samuelson), 19–20, 63–7, 70, 74, 78, 86, 91, 92, 93, 262 Economy for the Common Good, 241 ecosystem services, 7, 116, 269 Ecuador, 54 education, 9, 43, 45, 50–52, 85, 169–70, 176, 200, 249, 279 economic, 8, 11, 18, 22, 24, 36, 287–93 environmental, 115, 239–40 girls’, 57, 124, 178, 198 online, 83, 197, 264, 290 pricing, 118–19 efficient market hypothesis, 28, 62, 68, 87 Egypt, 48, 89 Eisenstein, Charles, 116 electricity, 9, 45, 236, 240 and Bangla Pesa, 186 cars, 231 Ethereum, 187–8 and MONIAC, 75, 262 pricing, 118, 213 see also renewable energy Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom, 145 Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 220 Embedded Economy, 71–93, 263 business, 88–9 commons, 82–4 Earth, 72–6 economy, 77–8 finance, 86–8 household, 78–81 market, 81–2 power, 91–92 society, 76–7 state, 84–6 trade, 89–90 employment, 36, 37, 51, 142, 176 automation, 191–5, 237, 258, 278 labour ownership, 188–91 workers’ rights, 88, 90, 269 Empty World, 74 Engels, Friedrich, 88 environment and circular economy, 220–42, 257 conservation, 121–2 and degenerative linear economy, 211–19, 222–3 degradation, 5, 9, 10, 29, 44–53, 74, 154, 172, 196, 206–42 education on, 115, 239–40 externalities, 152 fair share, 216–17 and finance, 234–7 generosity, 218–19, 223–7 green growth, 41, 210, 243–85 nudging, 123–5 taxation and quotas, 213–14, 215 zero impact, 217–18, 238, 241 Environmental Dashboard, 240–41 environmental economics, 7, 11, 114–16 Environmental Kuznets Curve, 207–11, 241 environmental space, 54 Epstein, Joshua, 150 equilibrium theory, 134–62 Ethereum, 187–8 ethics, 160–62 Ethiopia, 9, 226, 254 Etsy, 105 Euclid, 13, 15 European Central Bank, 145, 275 European Commission, 41 European Union (EU), 92, 153, 210, 222, 255, 258 Evergreen Cooperatives, 190 Evergreen Direct Investing (EDI), 273 exogenous shocks, 141 exponential growth, 39, 246–85 externalities, 143, 152, 213 Exxon Valdez oil spill (1989), 9 F Facebook, 192 fair share, 216–17 Fama, Eugene, 68, 87 fascism, 234, 277 Federal Reserve, US, 87, 145, 146, 271, 282 feedback loops, 138–41, 143, 148, 155, 250, 271 feminist economics, 11, 78–81, 160 Ferguson, Thomas, 91–2 finance animal spirits, 110 bank runs, 139 Black–Scholes model, 100–101 boom and bust, 28–9, 110, 144–7 and Circular Flow, 63–4, 87 and complex systems, 134, 138, 139, 140, 141, 145–7 cross-border flows, 89 deregulation, 87 derivatives, 100–101, 149 and distribution, 169, 170, 173, 182–4, 198–9, 201 and efficient market hypothesis, 63, 68 and Embedded Economy, 71, 86–8 and financial-instability hypothesis, 87, 146 and GDP growth, 38 and media, 7–8 mobile banking, 199–200 and money creation, 87, 182–5 and regeneration, 227, 229, 234–7 in service to life, 159, 234–7 stakeholder finance, 190 and sustainability, 216, 235–6, 239 financial crisis (2008), 1–4, 5, 40, 63, 86, 141, 144, 278, 290 and efficient market hypothesis, 87 and equilibrium theory, 134, 145 and financial-instability hypothesis, 87 and inequality, 90, 170, 172, 175 and money creation, 182 and worker’s rights, 278 financial flows, 89 Financial Times, 183, 266, 289 financial-instability hypothesis, 87, 146 First Green Bank, 236 First World War (1914–18), 166, 170 Fisher, Irving, 183 fluid values, 102, 106–9 food, 3, 43, 45, 50, 54, 58, 59, 89, 198 food banks, 165 food price crisis (2007–8), 89, 90, 180 Ford, 277–8 foreign direct investment, 89 forest conservation, 121–2 fossil fuels, 59, 73, 75, 92, 212, 260, 263 Foundations of Economic Analysis (Samuelson), 17–18 Foxconn, 193 framing, 22–3 France, 43, 165, 196, 238, 254, 256, 281, 290 Frank, Robert, 100 free market, 33, 37, 67, 68, 70, 81–2, 86, 90 free open-source hardware (FOSH), 196–7 free open-source software (FOSS), 196 free trade, 70, 90 Freeman, Ralph, 18–19 freshwater cycle, 48–9 Freud, Sigmund, 107, 281 Friedman, Benjamin, 258 Friedman, Milton, 34, 62, 66–9, 84–5, 88, 99, 183, 232 Friends of the Earth, 54 Full World, 75 Fuller, Buckminster, 4 Fullerton, John, 234–6, 273 G G20, 31, 56, 276, 279–80 G77, 55 Gal, Orit, 141 Gandhi, Mohandas, 42, 293 Gangnam Style, 145 Gardens of Democracy, The (Liu & Hanauer), 158 gender equality, 45, 51–2, 57, 78–9, 85, 88, 118–19, 124, 171, 198 generosity, 218–19, 223–9 geometry, 13, 15 George, Henry, 149, 179 Georgescu-Roegen, Nicholas, 252 geothermal energy, 221 Gerhardt, Sue, 283 Germany, 2, 41, 100, 118, 165, 189, 211, 213, 254, 256, 260, 274 Gessel, Silvio, 274 Ghent, Belgium, 236 Gift Relationship, The (Titmuss), 118–19 Gigerenzer, Gerd, 112–14 Gintis, Herb, 104 GiveDirectly, 200 Glass–Steagall Act (1933), 87 Glennon, Roger, 214 Global Alliance for Tax Justice, 277 global material footprints, 210–11 Global Village Construction Set, 196 globalisation, 89 Goerner, Sally, 175–6 Goffmann, Erving, 22 Going for Growth, 255 golden rule, 91 Goldman Sachs, 149, 170 Gómez-Baggethun, Erik, 122 Goodall, Chris, 211 Goodwin, Neva, 79 Goody, Jade, 124 Google, 192 Gore, Albert ‘Al’, 172 Gorgons, 244, 256, 257, 266 graffiti, 15, 25, 287 Great Acceleration, 46, 253–4 Great Depression (1929–39), 37, 70, 170, 173, 183, 275, 277, 278 Great Moderation, 146 Greece, Ancient, 4, 13, 32, 48, 54, 56–7, 160, 244 green growth, 41, 210, 243–85 Greenham, Tony, 185 greenhouse gas emissions, 31, 46, 50, 75–6, 141, 152–4 and decoupling, 260, 266 and Environmental Kuznets Curve, 208, 210 and forests, 50, 52 and G20, 31 and inequality, 58 reduction of, 184, 201–2, 213, 216–18, 223–7, 239–41, 256, 259–60, 266, 298 stock–flow dynamics, 152–4 and taxation, 201, 213 Greenland, 141, 154 Greenpeace, 9 Greenspan, Alan, 87 Greenwich, London, 290 Grenoble, France, 281 Griffiths, Brian, 170 gross domestic product (GDP), 25, 31–2, 35–43, 57, 60, 84, 164 as cuckoo, 32, 35, 36, 38, 40, 54, 60, 159, 244, 256, 271 and Environmental Kuznets Curve, 207–11 and exponential growth, 39, 53, 246–85 and growth agnosticism, 29–30, 240, 243–85 and inequality, 173 and Kuznets Curve, 167, 173, 188–9 gross national product (GNP), 36–40 Gross World Product, 248 Grossman, Gene, 207–8, 210 ‘grow now, clean up later’, 207 Guatemala, 196 H Haifa, Israel, 120 Haldane, Andrew, 146 Han Dynasty, 154 Hanauer, Nick, 158 Hansen, Pelle, 124 Happy Planet Index, 280 Hardin, Garrett, 69, 83, 181 Harvard University, 2, 271, 290 von Hayek, Friedrich, 7–8, 62, 66, 67, 143, 156, 158 healthcare, 43, 50, 57, 85, 123, 125, 170, 176, 200, 269, 279 Heilbroner, Robert, 53 Henry VIII, King of England and Ireland, 180 Hepburn, Cameron, 261 Herbert Simon, 111 heuristics, 113–14, 118, 123 high-income countries growth, 30, 244–5, 254–72, 282 inequality, 165, 168, 169, 171 labour, 177, 188–9, 278 overseas development assistance (ODA), 198–9 resource intensive lifestyles, 46, 210–11 trade, 90 Hippocrates, 160 History of Economic Analysis (Schumpeter), 21 HIV/AIDS, 123 Holocene epoch, 46–8, 75, 115, 253 Homo economicus, 94–103, 109, 127–8 Homo sapiens, 38, 104, 130 Hong Kong, 180 household, 78 housing, 45, 59, 176, 182–3, 269 Howe, Geoffrey, 67 Hudson, Michael, 183 Human Development Index, 9, 279 human nature, 28 human rights, 10, 25, 45, 49, 50, 95, 214, 233 humanistic economics, 42 hydropower, 118, 260, 263 I Illinois, United States, 179–80 Imago Mundi, 13 immigration, 82, 199, 236, 266 In Defense of Economic Growth (Beckerman), 258 Inclusive Wealth Index, 280 income, 51, 79–80, 82, 88, 176–8, 188–91, 194, 199–201 India, 2, 9, 10, 42, 124, 164, 178, 196, 206–7, 242, 290 Indonesia, 90, 105–6, 164, 168, 200 Indus Valley civilisation, 48 inequality, 1, 5, 25, 41, 63, 81, 88, 91, 148–52, 209 and consumerism, 111 and democracy, 171 and digital revolution, 191–5 and distribution, 163–205 and environmental degradation, 172 and GDP growth, 173 and greenhouse gas emissions, 58 and intellectual property, 195–8 and Kuznets Curve, 29, 166–70, 173–4 and labour ownership, 188–91 and land ownership, 178–82 and money creation, 182–8 and social welfare, 171 Success to the Successful, 148, 149, 151, 166 inflation, 36, 248, 256, 275 insect pollination services, 7 Institute of Economic Affairs, 67 institutional economics, 11 intellectual property rights, 195–8, 204 interest, 36, 177, 182, 184, 275–6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 25 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 170, 172, 173, 183, 255, 258, 271 Internet, 83–4, 89, 105, 192, 202, 264 Ireland, 277 Iroquois Onondaga Nation, 116 Israel, 100, 103, 120 Italy, 165, 196, 254 J Jackson, Tim, 58 Jakubowski, Marcin, 196 Jalisco, Mexico, 217 Japan, 168, 180, 211, 222, 254, 256, 263, 275 Jevons, William Stanley, 16, 97–8, 131, 132, 137, 142 John Lewis Partnership, 190 Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 37 Johnson, Mark, 38 Johnson, Todd, 191 JPMorgan Chase, 149, 234 K Kahneman, Daniel, 111 Kamkwamba, William, 202, 204 Kasser, Tim, 125–6 Keen, Steve, 146, 147 Kelly, Marjorie, 190–91, 233 Kennedy, John Fitzgerald, 37, 250 Kennedy, Paul, 279 Kenya, 118, 123, 180, 185–6, 199–200, 226, 292 Keynes, John Maynard, 7–8, 22, 66, 69, 134, 184, 251, 277–8, 284, 288 Kick It Over movement, 3, 289 Kingston, London, 290 Knight, Frank, 66, 99 knowledge commons, 202–4, 229, 292 Kokstad, South Africa, 56 Kondratieff waves, 246 Korzybski, Alfred, 22 Krueger, Alan, 207–8, 210 Kuhn, Thomas, 22 Kumhof, Michael, 172 Kuwait, 255 Kuznets, Simon, 29, 36, 39–40, 166–70, 173, 174, 175, 204, 207 KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, 56 L labour ownership, 188–91 Lake Erhai, Yunnan, 56 Lakoff, George, 23, 38, 276 Lamelara, Indonesia, 105–6 land conversion, 49, 52, 299 land ownership, 178–82 land-value tax, 73, 149, 180 Landesa, 178 Landlord’s Game, The, 149 law of demand, 16 laws of motion, 13, 16–17, 34, 129, 131 Lehman Brothers, 141 Leopold, Aldo, 115 Lesotho, 118, 199 leverage points, 159 Lewis, Fay, 178 Lewis, Justin, 102 Lewis, William Arthur, 114, 167 Lietaer, Bernard, 175, 236 Limits to Growth, 40, 154, 258 Linux, 231 Liu, Eric, 158 living metrics, 240–42 living purpose, 233–4 Lomé, Togo, 231 London School of Economics (LSE), 2, 34, 65, 290 London Underground, 12 loss aversion, 112 low-income countries, 90, 164–5, 168, 173, 180, 199, 201, 209, 226, 254, 259 Lucas, Robert, 171 Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio, 124 Luxembourg, 277 Lyle, John Tillman, 214 Lyons, Oren, 116 M M–PESA, 199–200 MacDonald, Tim, 273 Machiguenga, 105–6 MacKenzie, Donald, 101 macroeconomics, 36, 62–6, 76, 80, 134–5, 145, 147, 150, 244, 280 Magie, Elizabeth, 149, 153 Malala effect, 124 malaria, 5 Malawi, 118, 202, 204 Malaysia, 168 Mali, Taylor, 243 Malthus, Thomas, 252 Mamsera Rural Cooperative, 190 Manhattan, New York, 9, 41 Mani, Muthukumara, 206 Manitoba, 282 Mankiw, Gregory, 2, 34 Mannheim, Karl, 22 Maoris, 54 market, 81–2 and business, 88 circular flow, 64 and commons, 83, 93, 181, 200–201 efficiency of, 28, 62, 68, 87, 148, 181 and equilibrium theory, 131–5, 137, 143–7, 155, 156 free market, 33, 37, 67–70, 90, 208 and households, 63, 69, 78, 79 and maxi-max rule, 161 and pricing, 117–23, 131, 160 and rational economic man, 96, 100–101, 103, 104 and reciprocity, 105, 106 reflexivity of, 144–7 and society, 69–70 and state, 84–6, 200, 281 Marshall, Alfred, 17, 98, 133, 165, 253, 282 Marx, Karl, 88, 142, 165, 272 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 17–20, 152–5 massive open online courses (MOOCs), 290 Matthew Effect, 151 Max-Neef, Manfred, 42 maxi-max rule, 161 maximum wage, 177 Maya civilisation, 48, 154 Mazzucato, Mariana, 85, 195, 238 McAfee, Andrew, 194, 258 McDonough, William, 217 Meadows, Donella, 40, 141, 159, 271, 292 Medusa, 244, 257, 266 Merkel, Angela, 41 Messerli, Elspeth, 187 Metaphors We Live By (Lakoff & Johnson), 38 Mexico, 121–2, 217 Michaels, Flora S., 6 micro-businesses, 9, 173, 178 microeconomics, 132–4 microgrids, 187–8 Micronesia, 153 Microsoft, 231 middle class, 6, 46, 58 middle-income countries, 90, 164, 168, 173, 180, 226, 254 migration, 82, 89–90, 166, 195, 199, 236, 266, 286 Milanovic, Branko, 171 Mill, John Stuart, 33–4, 73, 97, 250, 251, 283, 284, 288 Millo, Yuval, 101 minimum wage, 82, 88, 176 Minsky, Hyman, 87, 146 Mises, Ludwig von, 66 mission zero, 217 mobile banking, 199–200 mobile phones, 222 Model T revolution, 277–8 Moldova, 199 Mombasa, Kenya, 185–6 Mona Lisa (da Vinci), 94 money creation, 87, 164, 177, 182–8, 205 MONIAC (Monetary National Income Analogue Computer), 64–5, 75, 142, 262 Monoculture (Michaels), 6 Monopoly, 149 Mont Pelerin Society, 67, 93 Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, The (Friedman), 258 moral vacancy, 41 Morgan, Mary, 99 Morogoro, Tanzania, 121 Moyo, Dambisa, 258 Muirhead, Sam, 230, 231 MultiCapital Scorecard, 241 Murphy, David, 264 Murphy, Richard, 185 musical tastes, 110 Myriad Genetics, 196 N national basic income, 177 Native Americans, 115, 116, 282 natural capital, 7, 116, 269 Natural Economic Order, The (Gessel), 274 Nedbank, 216 negative externalities, 213 negative interest rates, 275–6 neoclassical economics, 134, 135 neoliberalism, 7, 62–3, 67–70, 81, 83, 84, 88, 93, 143, 170, 176 Nepal, 181, 199 Nestlé, 217 Netherlands, 211, 235, 224, 226, 238, 277 networks, 110–11, 117, 118, 123, 124–6, 174–6 neuroscience, 12–13 New Deal, 37 New Economics Foundation, 278, 283 New Year’s Day, 124 New York, United States, 9, 41, 55 Newlight Technologies, 224, 226, 293 Newton, Isaac, 13, 15–17, 32–3, 95, 97, 129, 131, 135–7, 142, 145, 162 Nicaragua, 196 Nigeria, 164 nitrogen, 49, 52, 212–13, 216, 218, 221, 226, 298 ‘no pain, no gain’, 163, 167, 173, 204, 209 Nobel Prize, 6–7, 43, 83, 101, 167 Norway, 281 nudging, 112, 113, 114, 123–6 O Obama, Barack, 41, 92 Oberlin, Ohio, 239, 240–41 Occupy movement, 40, 91 ocean acidification, 45, 46, 52, 155, 242, 298 Ohio, United States, 190, 239 Okun, Arthur, 37 onwards and upwards, 53 Open Building Institute, 196 Open Source Circular Economy (OSCE), 229–32 open systems, 74 open-source design, 158, 196–8, 265 open-source licensing, 204 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 38, 210, 255–6, 258 Origin of Species, The (Darwin), 14 Ormerod, Paul, 110, 111 Orr, David, 239 Ostrom, Elinor, 83, 84, 158, 160, 181–2 Ostry, Jonathan, 173 OSVehicle, 231 overseas development assistance (ODA), 198–200 ownership of wealth, 177–82 Oxfam, 9, 44 Oxford University, 1, 36 ozone layer, 9, 50, 115 P Pachamama, 54, 55 Pakistan, 124 Pareto, Vilfredo, 165–6, 175 Paris, France, 290 Park 20|20, Netherlands, 224, 226 Parker Brothers, 149 Patagonia, 56 patents, 195–6, 197, 204 patient capital, 235 Paypal, 192 Pearce, Joshua, 197, 203–4 peer-to-peer networks, 187, 192, 198, 203, 292 People’s QE, 184–5 Perseus, 244 Persia, 13 Peru, 2, 105–6 Phillips, Adam, 283 Phillips, William ‘Bill’, 64–6, 75, 142, 262 phosphorus, 49, 52, 212–13, 218, 298 Physiocrats, 73 Pickett, Kate, 171 pictures, 12–25 Piketty, Thomas, 169 Playfair, William, 16 Poincaré, Henri, 109, 127–8 Polanyi, Karl, 82, 272 political economy, 33–4, 42 political funding, 91–2, 171–2 political voice, 43, 45, 51–2, 77, 117 pollution, 29, 45, 52, 85, 143, 155, 206–17, 226, 238, 242, 254, 298 population, 5, 46, 57, 155, 199, 250, 252, 254 Portugal, 211 post-growth society, 250 poverty, 5, 9, 37, 41, 50, 88, 118, 148, 151 emotional, 283 and inequality, 164–5, 168–9, 178 and overseas development assistance (ODA), 198–200 and taxation, 277 power, 91–92 pre-analytic vision, 21–2 prescription medicines, 123 price-takers, 132 prices, 81, 118–23, 131, 160 Principles of Economics (Mankiw), 34 Principles of Economics (Marshall), 17, 98 Principles of Political Economy (Mill), 288 ProComposto, 226 Propaganda (Bernays), 107 public relations, 107, 281 public spending v. investment, 276 public–private patents, 195 Putnam, Robert, 76–7 Q quantitative easing (QE), 184–5 Quebec, 281 Quesnay, François, 16, 73 R Rabot, Ghent, 236 Rancière, Romain, 172 rating and review systems, 105 rational economic man, 94–103, 109, 111, 112, 126, 282 Reagan, Ronald, 67 reciprocity, 103–6, 117, 118, 123 reflexivity of markets, 144 reinforcing feedback loops, 138–41, 148, 250, 271 relative decoupling, 259 renewable energy biomass energy, 118, 221 and circular economy, 221, 224, 226, 235, 238–9, 274 and commons, 83, 85, 185, 187–8, 192, 203, 264 geothermal energy, 221 and green growth, 257, 260, 263, 264, 267 hydropower, 118, 260, 263 pricing, 118 solar energy, see solar energy wave energy, 221 wind energy, 75, 118, 196, 202–3, 221, 233, 239, 260, 263 rentier sector, 180, 183, 184 reregulation, 82, 87, 269 resource flows, 175 resource-intensive lifestyles, 46 Rethinking Economics, 289 Reynebeau, Guy, 237 Ricardo, David, 67, 68, 73, 89, 250 Richardson, Katherine, 53 Rifkin, Jeremy, 83, 264–5 Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, The (Kennedy), 279 risk, 112, 113–14 Robbins, Lionel, 34 Robinson, James, 86 Robinson, Joan, 142 robots, 191–5, 237, 258, 278 Rockefeller Foundation, 135 Rockford, Illinois, 179–80 Rockström, Johan, 48, 55 Roddick, Anita, 232–4 Rogoff, Kenneth, 271, 280 Roman Catholic Church, 15, 19 Rombo, Tanzania, 190 Rome, Ancient, 13, 48, 154 Romney, Mitt, 92 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 37 rooted membership, 190 Rostow, Walt, 248–50, 254, 257, 267–70, 284 Ruddick, Will, 185 rule of thumb, 113–14 Ruskin, John, 42, 223 Russia, 200 rust belt, 90, 239 S S curve, 251–6 Sainsbury’s, 56 Samuelson, Paul, 17–21, 24–5, 38, 62–7, 70, 74, 84, 91, 92, 93, 262, 290–91 Sandel, Michael, 41, 120–21 Sanergy, 226 sanitation, 5, 51, 59 Santa Fe, California, 213 Santinagar, West Bengal, 178 São Paolo, Brazil, 281 Sarkozy, Nicolas, 43 Saumweder, Philipp, 226 Scharmer, Otto, 115 Scholes, Myron, 100–101 Schumacher, Ernst Friedrich, 42, 142 Schumpeter, Joseph, 21 Schwartz, Shalom, 107–9 Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 163, 167, 204 ‘Science and Complexity’ (Weaver), 136 Scotland, 57 Seaman, David, 187 Seattle, Washington, 217 second machine age, 258 Second World War (1939–45), 18, 37, 70, 170 secular stagnation, 256 self-interest, 28, 68, 96–7, 99–100, 102–3 Selfish Society, The (Gerhardt), 283 Sen, Amartya, 43 Shakespeare, William, 61–3, 67, 93 shale gas, 264, 269 Shang Dynasty, 48 shareholders, 82, 88, 189, 191, 227, 234, 273, 292 sharing economy, 264 Sheraton Hotel, Boston, 3 Siegen, Germany, 290 Silicon Valley, 231 Simon, Julian, 70 Sinclair, Upton, 255 Sismondi, Jean, 42 slavery, 33, 77, 161 Slovenia, 177 Small Is Beautiful (Schumacher), 42 smart phones, 85 Smith, Adam, 33, 57, 67, 68, 73, 78–9, 81, 96–7, 103–4, 128, 133, 160, 181, 250 social capital, 76–7, 122, 125, 172 social contract, 120, 125 social foundation, 10, 11, 44, 45, 49, 51, 58, 77, 174, 200, 254, 295–6 social media, 83, 281 Social Progress Index, 280 social pyramid, 166 society, 76–7 solar energy, 59, 75, 111, 118, 187–8, 190 circular economy, 221, 222, 223, 224, 226–7, 239 commons, 203 zero-energy buildings, 217 zero-marginal-cost revolution, 84 Solow, Robert, 135, 150, 262–3 Soros, George, 144 South Africa, 56, 177, 214, 216 South Korea, 90, 168 South Sea Bubble (1720), 145 Soviet Union (1922–91), 37, 67, 161, 279 Spain, 211, 238, 256 Spirit Level, The (Wilkinson & Pickett), 171 Sraffa, Piero, 148 St Gallen, Switzerland, 186 Stages of Economic Growth, The (Rostow), 248–50, 254 stakeholder finance, 190 Standish, Russell, 147 state, 28, 33, 69–70, 78, 82, 160, 176, 180, 182–4, 188 and commons, 85, 93, 197, 237 and market, 84–6, 200, 281 partner state, 197, 237–9 and robots, 195 stationary state, 250 Steffen, Will, 46, 48 Sterman, John, 66, 143, 152–4 Steuart, James, 33 Stiglitz, Joseph, 43, 111, 196 stocks and flows, 138–41, 143, 144, 152 sub-prime mortgages, 141 Success to the Successful, 148, 149, 151, 166 Sugarscape, 150–51 Summers, Larry, 256 Sumner, Andy, 165 Sundrop Farms, 224–6 Sunstein, Cass, 112 supply and demand, 28, 132–6, 143, 253 supply chains, 10 Sweden, 6, 255, 275, 281 swishing, 264 Switzerland, 42, 66, 80, 131, 186–7, 275 T Tableau économique (Quesnay), 16 tabula rasa, 20, 25, 63, 291 takarangi, 54 Tanzania, 121, 190, 202 tar sands, 264, 269 taxation, 78, 111, 165, 170, 176, 177, 237–8, 276–9 annual wealth tax, 200 environment, 213–14, 215 global carbon tax, 201 global financial transactions tax, 201, 235 land-value tax, 73, 149, 180 non-renewable resources, 193, 237–8, 278–9 People’s QE, 185 tax relief v. tax justice, 23, 276–7 TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design), 202, 258 Tempest, The (Shakespeare), 61, 63, 93 Texas, United States, 120 Thailand, 90, 200 Thaler, Richard, 112 Thatcher, Margaret, 67, 69, 76 Theory of Moral Sentiments (Smith), 96 Thompson, Edward Palmer, 180 3D printing, 83–4, 192, 198, 231, 264 thriving-in-balance, 54–7, 62 tiered pricing, 213–14 Tigray, Ethiopia, 226 time banking, 186 Titmuss, Richard, 118–19 Toffler, Alvin, 12, 80 Togo, 231, 292 Torekes, 236–7 Torras, Mariano, 209 Torvalds, Linus, 231 trade, 62, 68–9, 70, 89–90 trade unions, 82, 176, 189 trademarks, 195, 204 Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), 92 transport, 59 trickle-down economics, 111, 170 Triodos, 235 Turkey, 200 Tversky, Amos, 111 Twain, Mark, 178–9 U Uganda, 118, 125 Ulanowicz, Robert, 175 Ultimatum Game, 105, 117 unemployment, 36, 37, 276, 277–9 United Kingdom Big Bang (1986), 87 blood donation, 118 carbon dioxide emissions, 260 free trade, 90 global material footprints, 211 money creation, 182 MONIAC (Monetary National Income Analogue Computer), 64–5, 75, 142, 262 New Economics Foundation, 278, 283 poverty, 165, 166 prescription medicines, 123 wages, 188 United Nations, 55, 198, 204, 255, 258, 279 G77 bloc, 55 Human Development Index, 9, 279 Sustainable Development Goals, 24, 45 United States American Economic Association meeting (2015), 3 blood donation, 118 carbon dioxide emissions, 260 Congress, 36 Council of Economic Advisers, 6, 37 Earning by Learning, 120 Econ 101 course, 8, 77 Exxon Valdez oil spill (1989), 9 Federal Reserve, 87, 145, 146, 271, 282 free trade, 90 Glass–Steagall Act (1933), 87 greenhouse gas emissions, 153 global material footprint, 211 gross national product (GNP), 36–40 inequality, 170, 171 land-value tax, 73, 149, 180 political funding, 91–2, 171 poverty, 165, 166 productivity and employment, 193 rust belt, 90, 239 Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), 92 wages, 188 universal basic income, 200 University of Berkeley, 116 University of Denver, 160 urbanisation, 58–9 utility, 35, 98, 133 V values, 6, 23, 34, 35, 42, 117, 118, 121, 123–6 altruism, 100, 104 anthropocentric, 115 extrinsic, 115 fluid, 28, 102, 106–9 and networks, 110–11, 117, 118, 123, 124–6 and nudging, 112, 113, 114, 123–6 and pricing, 81, 120–23 Veblen, Thorstein, 82, 109, 111, 142 Venice, 195 verbal framing, 23 Verhulst, Pierre, 252 Victor, Peter, 270 Viner, Jacob, 34 virtuous cycles, 138, 148 visual framing, 23 Vitruvian Man, 13–14 Volkswagen, 215–16 W Wacharia, John, 186 Wall Street, 149, 234, 273 Wallich, Henry, 282 Walras, Léon, 131, 132, 133–4, 137 Ward, Barbara, 53 Warr, Benjamin, 263 water, 5, 9, 45, 46, 51, 54, 59, 79, 213–14 wave energy, 221 Ways of Seeing (Berger), 12, 281 Wealth of Nations, The (Smith), 74, 78, 96, 104 wealth ownership, 177–82 Weaver, Warren, 135–6 weightless economy, 261–2 WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialised, rich, democratic), 103–5, 110, 112, 115, 117, 282 West Bengal, India, 124, 178 West, Darrell, 171–2 wetlands, 7 whale hunting, 106 Wiedmann, Tommy, 210 Wikipedia, 82, 223 Wilkinson, Richard, 171 win–win trade, 62, 68, 89 wind energy, 75, 118, 196, 202–3, 221, 233, 239, 260, 263 Wizard of Oz, The, 241 Woelab, 231, 293 Wolf, Martin, 183, 266 women’s rights, 33, 57, 107, 160, 201 and core economy, 69, 79–81 education, 57, 124, 178, 198 and land ownership, 178 see also gender equality workers’ rights, 88, 91, 269 World 3 model, 154–5 World Bank, 6, 41, 119, 164, 168, 171, 206, 255, 258 World No Tobacco Day, 124 World Trade Organization, 6, 89 worldview, 22, 54, 115 X xenophobia, 266, 277, 286 Xenophon, 4, 32, 56–7, 160 Y Yandle, Bruce, 208 Yang, Yuan, 1–3, 289–90 yin yang, 54 Yousafzai, Malala, 124 YouTube, 192 Yunnan, China, 56 Z Zambia, 10 Zanzibar, 9 Zara, 276 Zeitvorsoge, 186–7 zero environmental impact, 217–18, 238, 241 zero-hour contracts, 88 zero-humans-required production, 192 zero-interest loans, 183 zero-marginal-cost revolution, 84, 191, 264 zero-waste manufacturing, 227 Zinn, Howard, 77 PICTURE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Illustrations are reproduced by kind permission of: archive.org

What's Next?: Unconventional Wisdom on the Future of the World Economy by David Hale, Lyric Hughes Hale

"World Economic Forum" Davos, affirmative action, Alan Greenspan, Asian financial crisis, asset-backed security, bank run, banking crisis, Basel III, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, biodiversity loss, Black Swan, Bretton Woods, business cycle, capital controls, carbon credits, carbon tax, Cass Sunstein, central bank independence, classic study, cognitive bias, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collateralized debt obligation, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, currency manipulation / currency intervention, currency peg, currency risk, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, debt deflation, declining real wages, deindustrialization, diversification, energy security, Erik Brynjolfsson, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial engineering, financial innovation, floating exchange rates, foreign exchange controls, full employment, Gini coefficient, Glass-Steagall Act, global macro, global reserve currency, global village, high net worth, high-speed rail, Home mortgage interest deduction, housing crisis, index fund, inflation targeting, information asymmetry, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), inverted yield curve, invisible hand, Just-in-time delivery, Kenneth Rogoff, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Wolf, Mexican peso crisis / tequila crisis, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, Money creation, money market fund, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, mortgage tax deduction, Network effects, new economy, Nicholas Carr, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, open economy, passive investing, payday loans, peak oil, Ponzi scheme, post-oil, precautionary principle, price stability, private sector deleveraging, proprietary trading, purchasing power parity, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, regulatory arbitrage, rent-seeking, reserve currency, Richard Thaler, risk/return, Robert Shiller, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, sovereign wealth fund, special drawing rights, subprime mortgage crisis, technology bubble, The Great Moderation, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Tobin tax, too big to fail, total factor productivity, trade liberalization, Tragedy of the Commons, Washington Consensus, Westphalian system, WikiLeaks, women in the workforce, yield curve

They also offer the potential for new types of democratic processes, such as direct voting online, and the scope for alternate views to be put forward outside of the mainstream. The downside to Web communities is that they can cause people to become more cut off from the rest of society. In their paper “Electronic Communities: Global Village or Cyber Balkans,” professors Marshal Van Alstyne and Erik Brynjolfsson said that “individuals empowered to screen out material that does not conform to their existing preferences may form virtual cliques, insulate themselves from opposing points of view, and reinforce their biases.… This voluntary Balkanisation and the loss of shared experiences and values may be harmful to the structure of democratic societies.”7 They warned that we should have no illusions that the Internet will create a greater sense of community.

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Paul Kedrosky, “The First Disaster of the Internet Age,” Newsweek, October 27, 2008, http://www.newsweek.com/2008/10/17/the-first-disaster-of-the-internet-age.html. 5. Quoted in Nicholas D. Kristof, “The Daily Me,” New York Times, March 19, 2009. 6. Ibid. 7. Marshal Van Alstyne and Erik Brynjolfsson, “Electronic Communities: Global Village or Cyber Balkans,” Sloan School of Management Working Papers, MIT Sloan School, March 1997. 8. Nate Anderson, “Online Oligarchy: Old Guard Dominates ’Net News Coverage,” Ars Technica, March 17, 2008, http://arstechnica.com/old/content/2008/03/online-oligarchy-old-guard-dominates-net-news-coverage.ars (accessed on November 19, 2010); PBS, “Democracy on Deadline: Who Owns the Media?”

Philanthrocapitalism by Matthew Bishop, Michael Green, Bill Clinton

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, Abraham Maslow, Albert Einstein, An Inconvenient Truth, anti-communist, AOL-Time Warner, barriers to entry, battle of ideas, Bernie Madoff, Big Tech, Bob Geldof, Bonfire of the Vanities, business process, business process outsourcing, Charles Lindbergh, clean tech, clean water, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, Dava Sobel, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, digital divide, do well by doing good, don't be evil, family office, financial innovation, full employment, global pandemic, global village, Global Witness, God and Mammon, Hernando de Soto, high net worth, Ida Tarbell, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, James Dyson, John Elkington, John Harrison: Longitude, joint-stock company, junk bonds, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, Larry Ellison, Live Aid, lone genius, Marc Andreessen, Marc Benioff, market bubble, mass affluent, Michael Milken, microcredit, Mikhail Gorbachev, Neil Armstrong, Nelson Mandela, new economy, offshore financial centre, old-boy network, PalmPilot, peer-to-peer lending, performance metric, Peter Singer: altruism, plutocrats, profit maximization, profit motive, Richard Feynman, risk tolerance, risk-adjusted returns, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, scientific management, seminal paper, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Slavoj Žižek, South Sea Bubble, sovereign wealth fund, SpaceShipOne, stem cell, Steve Jobs, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, trade liberalization, transaction costs, trickle-down economics, Tyler Cowen, wealth creators, winner-take-all economy, working poor, World Values Survey, X Prize

One day, Branson recalls, his friend Peter Gabriel, a musician and human rights activist, gave him the germ of an idea when he said that “problems in African villages are resolved by the elders; the global village needs global elders.” To transform the idea into action, Branson quickly arranged a couple of strategy meetings on his Caribbean retreat, Necker Island, where he persuaded a group of wealthy philanthropists to fund a new group, the Elders. Some of these tycoons lost interest when they realized they had been invited for their money, not because they were going to be appointed Elders. The idea of creating elders for the global village is certainly imaginative and addresses a clear need—especially given the deficit of credibility in the existing institutions of global governance, not least because of the failings of the U.N.

As the Future Catches You: How Genomics & Other Forces Are Changing Your Work, Health & Wealth by Juan Enriquez

Albert Einstein, AOL-Time Warner, Apollo 13, Berlin Wall, bioinformatics, borderless world, British Empire, Buckminster Fuller, business cycle, creative destruction, digital divide, double helix, Ford Model T, global village, Gregor Mendel, half of the world's population has never made a phone call, Helicobacter pylori, Howard Rheingold, Jeff Bezos, Joseph Schumpeter, Kevin Kelly, knowledge economy, more computing power than Apollo, Neal Stephenson, new economy, personalized medicine, purchasing power parity, Ray Kurzweil, Richard Feynman, Robert Metcalfe, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, SETI@home, Silicon Valley, spice trade, stem cell, the new new thing, yottabyte

This book focuses on technology, not institution-building, although this is clearly a key development component. But remember that there are many countries with great institutions that end up economic disasters … because they lack technology as an engine of growth. If you want to remind yourself of just how crucial institutions and governance are, take a look at Bruce Scott’s “The Great Divide in the Global Village,” Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb 2001. 2. Lee Kuan Yew provides a detailed road map in From Third World to First: The Singapore Story 1965–2000 (Singapore: Singapore Press, 2000). 3. Bruce Scott of the Harvard Business School has done extensive research on the perils of being resource-rich. This table uses data from the New York Times Almanac 2001.

Why geography matters: three challenges facing America : climate change, the rise of China, and global terrorism by Harm J. De Blij

agricultural Revolution, airport security, Anton Chekhov, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, British Empire, colonial exploitation, complexity theory, computer age, crony capitalism, demographic transition, Deng Xiaoping, Eratosthenes, European colonialism, F. W. de Klerk, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, global village, Great Leap Forward, high-speed rail, illegal immigration, Internet Archive, John Snow's cholera map, Khyber Pass, manufacturing employment, megacity, megaproject, Mercator projection, MITM: man-in-the-middle, Nelson Mandela, Oklahoma City bombing, out of africa, RAND corporation, risk tolerance, Ronald Reagan, social distancing, South China Sea, special economic zone, Thomas Malthus, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, UNCLOS, UNCLOS

Putin, following a visit to the terrorist-targeted school in Beslan, railed against the "excesses" of democracy but also observed that people who are so poor that they have nothing to lose cannot be expected to accept their fate indefinitely. Mbeki attributed South Africa's AIDS epidemic to poverty rather than the virus that causes it; he was medically wrong (at great cost to his nation) but socially right. If the world is becoming a global village, Africa is its poorest neighborhood, and when a town's poorest neighborhood gets help, the whole community benefits. If the European Union can siphon funds from its wealthiest members to assist its less prosperous ones, then surely the world can find ways to help Africa's neediest peoples. African countries, unfortunately, rank high on the corruption ladder— none is a Finland or a New Zealand, or even a Chile.

…

From uranium in the atomic age to oil in the fossil-fuel era, Africa has always had what it takes—for the rest of the world. But concern for Africa's well-being should not focus on the relentless acquisition of its commodities. Africa's problems and the world's concerns coincide because the world is functionally shrinking, and when one of the neighborhoods of the "global village" suffers more than any other from a combination of maladies, the remedy benefits all. So assisting in the recovery of Subsaharan Africa is not mere altruism; it is a matter of self-interest for the rest of the world—and especially for the United States. In the first place, social stability in Africa (as elsewhere) is a precondition for progress.

The Rough Guide to Toronto by Helen Lovekin, Phil Lee

airport security, British Empire, car-free, glass ceiling, global village, Haight Ashbury, haute couture, haute cuisine, indoor plumbing, Jane Jacobs, joint-stock company, Khyber Pass, Kickstarter, Marshall McLuhan, megacity, place-making, urban renewal, urban sprawl

Canadiana Backpackers Hostel 42 Widmer St, at Richmond St, Downtown T416/598-9090 or 1-877/215-1225, Wwww.canadianalodging .com. Streetcar: Queen (#501). For the price of an appetizer at some of the chichi bars nearby, you can crash at this hip, clean hostel. Located steps away from Queen Street West and within easy walking distance of all Downtown. Dorm bed $26; private double $70. Global Village Backpackers 460 King St W, at Spadina Ave, Downtown T416/703-8540 or 1-888/844-7875, Wwww.globalbackpackers .com. Streetcar: King (#504). This former hotel has four private/family rooms; everything else is dormitory-style with shared bathrooms. The above-standard amenities include laundry facilities, a kitchen and a games room, plus the staff is top notch.

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ST RE ET ST QU AY EA THE STR E ET SC A DD I NG AVE. STREET S T RE E T EAS T E S PLAN ADE LONGBOAT AVE. MILL STREET 47 Gooderham & Worts Distillery 2 ACCOMMODATION 89 Chestnut Ambassador Inn B&B Bond Place Cambridge Suites Hotel Canadiana Backpackers Hostel Cosmopolitan Hotel Delta Chelsea Inn Fairmont Royal York Global Village Backpackers Hilton Toronto Holiday Inn on King Hotel Le Germain Hotel Victoria InterContinental Toronto Centre Ward’s Island ON TA RI O ST. S T. Young People’s Theatre G A R D I N E R E X P R E S S W AY FREE LAND ST. R KING F R O NT ST. E. St Lawrence Market LAKE SHORE BOULEVARD Air Canada Centre HA RB OU 38 40 30 AD E LA I D E S TR EET EAST Hall R C O LB O R N E S T.

The America That Reagan Built by J. David Woodard

"Hurricane Katrina" Superdome, affirmative action, Alan Greenspan, anti-communist, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Boeing 747, Bonfire of the Vanities, business cycle, colonial rule, Columbine, corporate raider, cuban missile crisis, Deng Xiaoping, friendly fire, glass ceiling, global village, Gordon Gekko, gun show loophole, guns versus butter model, income inequality, invisible hand, It's morning again in America, Jeff Bezos, junk bonds, Korean Air Lines Flight 007, laissez-faire capitalism, late capitalism, Live Aid, Marc Andreessen, Michael Milken, Mikhail Gorbachev, mutually assured destruction, Neil Kinnock, Nelson Mandela, new economy, no-fly zone, Oklahoma City bombing, Parents Music Resource Center, postindustrial economy, Ralph Nader, Robert Bork, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan: Tear down this wall, Rubik’s Cube, Savings and loan crisis, Silicon Valley, South China Sea, stem cell, Strategic Defense Initiative, Ted Kaczynski, The Predators' Ball, Timothy McVeigh, Tipper Gore, trickle-down economics, women in the workforce, Y2K, young professional

The greatest fear, given the weaponry, was still war. Since the first century, historians estimated that 149 million people had died in major war; 111 million of those deaths occurred in the twentieth century.60 Given the record, one could not help but wonder what the future held. World War I and World War II were epic events, and in the ‘‘global village’’ of worldwide communication and twenty-four-hour news cycles, a vigilant eye was supposed to be on everything that happened. But in 1994 a horrible tragedy went largely unnoticed. Don’t Stop Thinking About Tomorrow 159 Rwanda is one of the smallest countries in Central Africa, with just 7 million people comprised of two main ethnic groups: Hutu and Tutsi.

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As a result, key boundaries and separations that had historically separated people and countries were eroded. Nationalism was out of fashion, especially in Europe, where twelve nations signed the Maastricht Treaty in 1992 to form the European Union. The new culture and global economy created a different order, one that a popular observer called ‘‘McWorld.’’9 Life in the new world order was a kind of global village, where everyone knew everyone else’s business. Americans watched nightly updates on Operation Desert Storm, followed by the election of Nelson Mandela in South Africa, and knew the intimate details behind the divorce of Princess Diana and Prince Charles. The decade was remembered as having moved slightly away from the more conservative 1980s, but keeping the same mindset.

Surveillance Valley: The Rise of the Military-Digital Complex by Yasha Levine

23andMe, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Adam Curtis, Airbnb, AltaVista, Amazon Web Services, Anne Wojcicki, anti-communist, AOL-Time Warner, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, borderless world, Boston Dynamics, British Empire, Californian Ideology, call centre, Charles Babbage, Chelsea Manning, cloud computing, collaborative editing, colonial rule, company town, computer age, computerized markets, corporate governance, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data science, digital map, disinformation, don't be evil, Donald Trump, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Dr. Strangelove, drone strike, dual-use technology, Edward Snowden, El Camino Real, Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Elon Musk, end-to-end encryption, fake news, fault tolerance, gentrification, George Gilder, ghettoisation, global village, Google Chrome, Google Earth, Google Hangouts, Greyball, Hacker Conference 1984, Howard Zinn, hypertext link, IBM and the Holocaust, index card, Jacob Appelbaum, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, John Gilmore, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, John von Neumann, Julian Assange, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, Laura Poitras, life extension, Lyft, machine readable, Mark Zuckerberg, market bubble, Menlo Park, military-industrial complex, Mitch Kapor, natural language processing, Neal Stephenson, Network effects, new economy, Norbert Wiener, off-the-grid, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), packet switching, PageRank, Paul Buchheit, peer-to-peer, Peter Thiel, Philip Mirowski, plutocrats, private military company, RAND corporation, Ronald Reagan, Ross Ulbricht, Satoshi Nakamoto, self-driving car, sentiment analysis, shareholder value, Sheryl Sandberg, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, slashdot, Snapchat, Snow Crash, SoftBank, speech recognition, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, Susan Wojcicki, Telecommunications Act of 1996, telepresence, telepresence robot, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Hackers Conference, Tony Fadell, uber lyft, vertical integration, Whole Earth Catalog, Whole Earth Review, WikiLeaks

Computers and networking technology were ushering in the Information Age, where the human race would be freed at last, freed from overbearing governments and borders, freed even from its very identity.106 In 1996, the same year that the Telecommunications Act was passed, Louis Rossetto made a bold prediction: the Internet was going to change everything. It was even going to make the military obsolete. “I mean, everything—if you have a bunch of preconceived ideas about how the world works, you better reconsider them, because change is instantaneous out there,” he said.107 “And you don’t need, you know, lumbering armies in a global village, you need maybe a police force at the most and you need good will on the part of the inhabitants, but otherwise you don’t need these kinds of structures that have already been built.” Back in 1972, Stewart Brand tried to convince Rolling Stone readers that the young Pentagon contractors holed up in a Stanford lab, playing video games and building powerful computer tools for ARPA, were not really working in the service of war.

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Rather than force, it would be a nudge and a push that would guide people in the right direction. “While hard power will always play a key role in warfare, increasingly soft power, the ability to not coerce but to encourage or motivate behavior, will be necessary in the future of our increasingly connected and concentrated global village,” he wrote. Maybury, “Social Radar for Smart Power.” 17. George I. Seffers, “Decoding the Future for National Security,” Signal, December 1, 2015, http://www.afcea.org/content/?q=Article-decoding-future-national-security; “Anticipatory Intelligence,” IARPA, accessed April 16, 2017, https://www.iarpa.gov/index.php/about-iarpa/anticipatory-intelligence; Katie Drummond, “Spies Want to Stockpile Your YouTube Clips,” Wired, June 11, 2010. 18.

The Great Good Place: Cafes, Coffee Shops, Bookstores, Bars, Hair Salons, and Other Hangouts at the Heart of a Community by Ray Oldenburg

bread and circuses, citizen journalism, cognitive bias, feminist movement, fixed income, global village, invisible hand, Jane Jacobs, Lewis Mumford, New Journalism, New Urbanism, place-making, profit motive, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ray Oldenburg, Seaside, Florida, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Great Good Place, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, Victor Gruen, wage slave, young professional

Mass media do not and cannot extend to that small corner of the world in which most of us live. As Winston Kirby remarked of those individuals who have grown up with television, “the product of the TV age does not identify with his city or apparently any city. He is a product of this, his planet, or as McLuhan says, the global village.”13 Global matters are important, of course, but so are local matters, and the media are simply incapable of anything approaching adequate local coverage. We live in the “hole” of an “informational doughnut.”14 We are better informed about a school bus accident in a South American country than of the actions of a local city council, which will have far greater impact upon our lives.

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Freud, Sigmund, 53 Friendships, availability of friends, 64 by the set, 60–65, 288–290 pub pals, 62 Frost, Robert, 144 Fullerton, Gail, 244–245, 251, 292 Galpin, 74 Games, 30–31, 157, 224–225 Gans, Herbert, 267 Garage sales, 44 Gemutlichkeit, 56, 95, 96–97 Genske’s, 68 Georgia, successful planning of Savannah, 23 German-Americans, 74 collective behavior characteristics, 90 Continental Sundays, 99–100 customs of, 99–100 lese majesty, view of, 94 old-world traditions, 89–90 see also Lager beer gardens. German Winter Garden, 98 German Workman’s Society, 96 Germany, 66 beer gardens. See Lager beer gardens. beer, quality of, 93 Dresden, East Germany, 67 integration of the sexes, 256 public drinking establishments, study of, 92–93 Gilliam, Florence, 149 Gillick’s, 69 Gin palace, 126–127 Global village, 70 God’s Own Junkyard, 213 Going out, cost of, 222–229 Goldring, Patrick, 210–211, 285 Goldston, Robert, 71, 123 Goodwin, Richard, 7, 27 Gordon, Suzanne, 237–238 Gorham, Maurice, 138, 141, 143 Gossip, 232–233 Gramont, Sanche de, 145, 149, 154 Gray, Paul; writing as de Tocqueville, 221–222 Greek third places, 17 Griesinger, Karl, 100 Gruen, Victor, 5, 69, 212, 215 Guardian, 190 Hackett, Buddy, 77 Halasz’s cafe, 160 Halberstram, David, 121 Hall, Edward, 151 Hamill, Pete, 45 Hamilton, Alexander, 74 Hamilton Park, 98 Hangouts, 15–16 Happy Hour, 59 Harlow, Alvin, 91, 96 Harris, Kenneth, 5 Hauch, John, 91 Hayden, Dolores, 7, 212 Heiser’s, 97 Herr Ober, 195–196 Hitler, Adolf, 66, 84 Hoelterhoff, Manuela, 67 Holidays, 80–81 Holmes, Fred, 68, 89, 94, 96–97 Home entertainment industry, 12 Home and home life, 39–41, 216 as the first place, 16 French, 153–154 housing developments, 8 modern urban dream of, 211–214 zoning regulations, 215 Hooper, Charles, 242 Horace, 168 Huizinga, Johan, 38 Human contact, 45, 49 Humor, 51–54 British symposium on, 54–55 Hungary, 67 Hunt, Violet, 92–93, 256 Idiocy, containment of, 71–72 Illinois, Chicago, 218–219 decline of taverns in, 178 Industrialization’s effects on leisure time, 16 Industry, coffee breaks, 12 lunch hours, 12–13 stress, losses due to, 10 Intimacy, affiliation versus, 63 Iran, 227–228 Irish bars, German beer gardens compared to, 99 Irish-Americans, saloons for, 90 Isolation, trend towards, 221–222 women in modern suburbs, 236, 237–238 Italy, Florence (Renaissance), 27 Jackson, Brian, 28, 30 Jacobs, Jane, 22, 23, 279 Jefferson, Thomas, 162 Jelly’s, 78 Jerry’s, 206 Johnson (Dr.), 191 Joking, 51–54 Journalism centered in coffeehouses, 190–191 Jukebox, 141 Katzenjammer Fun Place, 98 Kentucky Oaks mall, 209 Kerr, Walter, 228 Keyes, Ralph, 118 Kirby, Winston, 70 Klapp, Orrin, 121 Kluge, Paul, 178, 179 Kuralt, Charles, 121 Lager beer gardens, 74–75 alcoholic content of drinks, 90 character of, 89 described, 92–93, 98–99 gemutlichkeit, 95, 96–97 German-American, 89–104 growth of, profuse, 97–98 Irish bars compared to, 99 mood of, 95–96 in New York, 93–94 as Poor Man’s Clubs, 97 saloons compared to, 98 Laughter, 51–54 Lauwe, Paul Henry Chombart de, 146 Lepp, Ignace, 62 Lerner, Max, 3 Lese majesty, 94 Leveling, 23–26, 186 Levine, Jacob, 51–52 Levitt, Bill, 267 Levittown, discussion of, 267–269 Lewis, C.

The Brain That Changes Itself: Stories of Personal Triumph From the Frontiers of Brain Science by Norman Doidge

fear of failure, ghettoisation, global village, light touch regulation, Marshall McLuhan, medical residency, Menlo Park, placebo effect, Ronald Reagan, social intelligence, stem cell, Stephen Hawking, the medium is the message, traumatic brain injury, twin studies

In a famous formulation, he said, “Today, after more than a century of electric technology, we have extended our central nervous system itself in a global embrace, abolishing both space and time as far as our planet is concerned.” Space and time are abolished because electronic media link faraway places instantaneously, giving rise to what he called the “global village.” This extension is possible because our plastic nervous system can integrate itself with an electronic system. Appendix 2 Plasticity and the Idea of Progress The idea of the brain as plastic has appeared in previous times, in flashes, then disappeared. But even though it is only now being established as a fact of mainstream science, these earlier appearances left their traces and made possible a receptivity to the idea, in spite of the enormous opposition each of the neuroplasticians faced from fellow scientists.

…

frontal lobes frontal lobotomy Frost, Donald fuzzy engrams Gage, Frederick “Rusty,” Galileo Galilei Gamm, Rüdiger gate control theory of pain and shooting of Reagan genes, genetic factors in autism in blindness of chimpanzees vs. humans in localizationism in modular brain theory in OCD regulatory template function of transcription function of as turned on by learning variations of gentamicin Germany Nazi Gislén, Anna glial cells globalization global village gloves, sensory-substitution glucocorticoid supersensitivity Godwin, William Goodman, Herbert Gould, Elizabeth Gould, Glenn Grady, Cheryl Grafman, Jordan Granit, Ragnar Greeks, ancient Green, Robin Greenough, William T. grief guarding, as response to injury guilt, as similar to preemptive guarding habits, as mental paths see also bad habits hair cells Hallowell, Edward hallucinations, visual dreams as Hamburger, Viktor Hamilton, Roy Hammersmith Hospital, London handwriting, see writing Harvard Study of Adult Development Harvey, William Hawking, Stephen Healy, Jane Heath, Robert Hebb, Donald O.

On the Future: Prospects for Humanity by Martin J. Rees

23andMe, 3D printing, air freight, Alfred Russel Wallace, AlphaGo, Anthropocene, Asilomar, autonomous vehicles, Benoit Mandelbrot, biodiversity loss, blockchain, Boston Dynamics, carbon tax, circular economy, CRISPR, cryptocurrency, cuban missile crisis, dark matter, decarbonisation, DeepMind, Demis Hassabis, demographic transition, Dennis Tito, distributed ledger, double helix, driverless car, effective altruism, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Geoffrey Hinton, global village, Great Leap Forward, Higgs boson, Hyperloop, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, James Webb Space Telescope, Jeff Bezos, job automation, Johannes Kepler, John Conway, Large Hadron Collider, life extension, mandelbrot fractal, mass immigration, megacity, Neil Armstrong, Nick Bostrom, nuclear winter, ocean acidification, off-the-grid, pattern recognition, precautionary principle, quantitative hedge fund, Ray Kurzweil, Recombinant DNA, Rodney Brooks, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, smart grid, speech recognition, Stanford marshmallow experiment, Stanislav Petrov, stem cell, Stephen Hawking, Steven Pinker, Stuxnet, supervolcano, technological singularity, the scientific method, Tunguska event, uranium enrichment, Walter Mischel, William MacAskill, Yogi Berra

The fatality rate would, however, probably be highest in the megacities of the developing world. Pandemics are an ever-present natural threat, but is it just scaremongering to raise concerns about human-induced risks from bio error or bio terror? Sadly, I don’t think it is. We know all too well that technical expertise doesn’t guarantee balanced rationality. The global village will have its village idiots and they’ll have global range. The spread of an artificially released pathogen can’t be predicted or controlled; this realisation inhibits the use of bioweapons by governments, or even by terrorist groups with specific well-defined aims (which is why I focused on nuclear and cyber threats in section 1.2).

Rethinking Islamism: The Ideology of the New Terror by Meghnad Desai

Ayatollah Khomeini, battle of ideas, Berlin Wall, Dr. Strangelove, full employment, global village, illegal immigration, income per capita, invisible hand, liberal capitalism, liberation theology, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Wolf, means of production, Meghnad Desai, Nelson Mandela, oil shock, purchasing power parity, Ronald Reagan, structural adjustment programs, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Timothy McVeigh, Yom Kippur War

฀Doctors฀and฀medical฀ staff฀ in฀ the฀ British฀ Medical฀ Association’s฀ offices฀ near฀ Tavistock฀ Square฀ were฀ quick฀ to฀ help฀ the฀ bus฀ victims.฀ Slowly฀ the฀ dead฀ and฀ injured฀ were฀ brought฀ to฀ the฀ surface฀ and฀ moved฀ to฀ hospitals.฀ The฀ dead฀ numbered฀ ,฀ including฀ four฀ of฀ the฀ (alleged)฀ bombers;฀ ฀ were฀injured,฀some฀seriously.฀They฀were฀an฀eclectic฀mix฀of฀nationalities,฀religions,฀colours,฀ages.฀London฀is฀indeed฀a฀global฀village,฀a฀ tossed฀salad฀of฀diverse฀diasporas. Parliament฀met,฀since฀it฀was฀a฀scheduled฀day฀for฀it฀to฀meet.฀A฀ statement฀was฀read฀out฀by฀the฀Home฀Secretary,฀Charles฀Clarke,฀in฀ the฀House฀of฀Commons.฀As฀is฀the฀practice,฀it฀was฀repeated฀word฀for฀ word฀in฀the฀House฀of฀Lords฀by฀the฀Deputy฀Leader,฀Lord฀Rooker.฀ I฀heard฀it;฀I฀was฀there.

The Coming Anarchy: Shattering the Dreams of the Post Cold War by Robert D. Kaplan

Berlin Wall, bread and circuses, clean water, Deng Xiaoping, edge city, European colonialism, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, global village, Honoré de Balzac, mass immigration, military-industrial complex, Peace of Westphalia, Ronald Reagan, Thomas Malthus, trade route, unemployed young men, Yom Kippur War

In addition to engendering tribal 22 / THE COMING ANARCHY strife, scarcer resources will place a great strain on many peoples who never had much of a democratic or institutional tradition to begin with. Over the next fifty years the earth's pop­ ulation will soar from 5.5 billion to more than 9 billion. Though optimists have hopes for new resource technologies and freemarket development in the global village, they fail to note that, as the National Academy of Sciences has pointed out, 95 per­ cent of the population increase will be in the poorest regions of the world, where governments now—just look at Africa— show little ability to function, let alone to implement even mar­ ginal improvements. Homer-Dixon writes, ominously, "NeoMalthusians may underestimate human adaptability in today's environmental-social system, but as time passes their analysis may become ever more compelling."

Overbooked: The Exploding Business of Travel and Tourism by Elizabeth Becker

airport security, Asian financial crisis, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, BRICs, car-free, carbon footprint, clean water, collective bargaining, colonial rule, computer age, corporate governance, Costa Concordia, Deng Xiaoping, European colonialism, Exxon Valdez, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Frank Gehry, global village, Global Witness, Great Leap Forward, happiness index / gross national happiness, haute cuisine, high-speed rail, indoor plumbing, Kickstarter, Masdar, Murano, Venice glass, open borders, out of africa, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, Scramble for Africa, Silicon Valley, statistical model, sustainable-tourism, the market place, union organizing, urban renewal, wage slave, young professional, éminence grise

And it is divided by specialties: urban and rural with river, forest, camping and mountain specialties; families, senior citizens, youth, gays and the handicapped; sports, service and study; culture, wine and cuisine; and special events. The list is endless. Jean-Philippe Pérol heads the American division from his office in New York. He told me that France has evolved into a brand that appeals to what is known as the “global village” tourists. “They have a higher education, with the kind of lifestyle that means they travel a lot, expect luxury and look for the trendy hotel, the trendy exhibit. That is what we do well.” These marketing campaigns are done as if France were a commodity, a product. Officials said they have to protect their brand, or label, that tourists have to feel they receive high quality at a reasonable price—a goal more than a few might question when faced with the high prices in Paris.

…

It has a lot to teach us as Americans as we stand at the dawn of a new era, moving from an industrial age to one that will be dominated by technology and information and our ability to relate to one another,” he said. “We’ve moved at a breathtaking pace from the divided world of the cold war to a global village. And we know that trade and tourism and travel, all these things are tailor-made for what we do well and what the 21st Century will value.” He recited the impressive economic achievements of U.S. travel and tourism: the second-largest employer in the U.S.; adding $22 billion to the country’s trade surplus in 1994; and $78 billion spent by foreign visitors that same year.

Profiting Without Producing: How Finance Exploits Us All by Costas Lapavitsas

Alan Greenspan, Andrei Shleifer, asset-backed security, bank run, banking crisis, Basel III, Bear Stearns, borderless world, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, business cycle, capital controls, Carmen Reinhart, central bank independence, collapse of Lehman Brothers, computer age, conceptual framework, corporate governance, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, David Graeber, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, disintermediation, diversified portfolio, Erik Brynjolfsson, eurozone crisis, everywhere but in the productivity statistics, false flag, financial deregulation, financial independence, financial innovation, financial intermediation, financial repression, Flash crash, full employment, general purpose technology, Glass-Steagall Act, global value chain, global village, High speed trading, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, inflation targeting, informal economy, information asymmetry, intangible asset, job satisfaction, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Rogoff, liberal capitalism, London Interbank Offered Rate, low interest rates, low skilled workers, M-Pesa, market bubble, means of production, Minsky moment, Modern Monetary Theory, Money creation, money market fund, moral hazard, mortgage debt, Network effects, new economy, oil shock, open economy, pensions crisis, post-Fordism, Post-Keynesian economics, price stability, Productivity paradox, profit maximization, purchasing power parity, quantitative easing, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, race to the bottom, regulatory arbitrage, reserve currency, Robert Shiller, Robert Solow, savings glut, Scramble for Africa, secular stagnation, shareholder value, Simon Kuznets, special drawing rights, Thales of Miletus, The Chicago School, The Great Moderation, the payments system, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tobin tax, too big to fail, total factor productivity, trade liberalization, transaction costs, union organizing, value at risk, Washington Consensus, zero-sum game

For a global perspective on the interaction between part-time employment and women’s entry into the labour force, see Guy Standing, ‘Global Feminization Through Flexible Labor’, World Development 17:7, 1989; and Guy Standing, ‘Global Feminization Through Flexible Labor: A Theme Revisited’, World Development 27:3, 1999. 7 There is sizeable mainstream literature arguing that new technology has altered the nature of work by adding intangible organizational assets to the production process; see Erik Brynjolfsson and Lorin Hitt, ‘Beyond Computation’, Journal of Economic Perspectives 14:4, 2000; Brynjolfsson and Hitt, ‘Computing Productivity’, MIT-Sloan Working Paper 4210–01, 2003; Brynjolfsson, Hitt, and Shinkyu Yang, ‘Intangible Assets’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Macroeconomics, vol. 1, 2002; Timothy Bresnahan, Brynjolfsson, and Hitt, ‘Information Technology, Workplace Organization, and the Demand for Skilled Labor: Firm-Level Evidence’, Quarterly Journal of Economics 117:1, 2002; Marshall Van Alstyne and Brynjolfsson, ‘Global Village or Cyber-Balkans’, Management Science, 2004. Others have examined the change in the skill composition implied by new technologies, including in banking; see David Autor, Frank Levy, and Richard Murnane, ‘The Skill Content of Recent Technological Innovation’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118:4, 2003.

…

Usher, Abbott, ‘The Origins of Banking: The Primitive Bank of Deposit, 1200–1600’ in Enterprise and Secular Change, ed. Frederic Lane and Jelle Riemersma, Homewood, IL: Richard Irwin. Originally published in Economic History Review, 1934, IV, pp. 399–428, 1953. Van Alstyne, Marshall, and Erik Brynjolfsson, ‘Global Village or Cyber-Balkans: Modeling and Measuring the Integration of Electronic Communities’, Management Science, 2004. Van Els, Peter, Alberto Locarno, Julian Morgan, and Jean-Pierre Villetelle, ‘Monetary Policy Transmission in the Euro Area: What Do Aggregate and National Structural Models Tell Us?’

From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism by Fred Turner

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 1960s counterculture, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Alan Greenspan, Alvin Toffler, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, back-to-the-land, Bill Atkinson, bioinformatics, Biosphere 2, book value, Buckminster Fuller, business cycle, Californian Ideology, classic study, Claude Shannon: information theory, complexity theory, computer age, Computer Lib, conceptual framework, Danny Hillis, dematerialisation, distributed generation, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Dr. Strangelove, Dynabook, Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Fairchild Semiconductor, Ford Model T, From Mathematics to the Technologies of Life and Death, future of work, Future Shock, game design, George Gilder, global village, Golden Gate Park, Hacker Conference 1984, Hacker Ethic, Haight Ashbury, Herbert Marcuse, Herman Kahn, hive mind, Howard Rheingold, informal economy, intentional community, invisible hand, Ivan Sutherland, Jaron Lanier, John Gilmore, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, John von Neumann, Kevin Kelly, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, Lewis Mumford, market bubble, Marshall McLuhan, mass immigration, means of production, Menlo Park, military-industrial complex, Mitch Kapor, Mondo 2000, Mother of all demos, new economy, Norbert Wiener, peer-to-peer, post-industrial society, postindustrial economy, Productivity paradox, QWERTY keyboard, Ralph Waldo Emerson, RAND corporation, reality distortion field, Richard Stallman, Robert Shiller, Ronald Reagan, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, South of Market, San Francisco, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, systems thinking, technoutopianism, Ted Nelson, Telecommunications Act of 1996, The Hackers Conference, the strength of weak ties, theory of mind, urban renewal, Vannevar Bush, We are as Gods, Whole Earth Catalog, Whole Earth Review, Yom Kippur War

By contrast, he said, electronic technologies had begun to break down the barriers of bureaucracy, as well as those of time and space, and so had brought human beings to the brink of a new age. In The Gutenberg Galaxy McLuhan described the new age in tribal terms: electronic media had linked all of humanity into a single “global village.” In Understanding Media, McLuhan linked both the new tribalism and its promise of a return to a prebureaucratic humanism to a more cybernetic rhetoric of humanmachine entanglement as well. “Today,” he wrote, “we have extended our central nervous system itself in a global embrace, abolishing both space and time as far as our planet is concerned.”23 In McLuhan’s view, the individual human body and the species as a whole were linked by a single nervous system, an array of electronic signals fired across neurons in the human body and circulating from television set to television set, radio to radio, computer to computer, across the globe.24 [ 54 ] Chapter 2 This worldwide web of electronic signals carried a mystical charge for many.

…

Dobb’s Journal of Tiny BASIC Calisthenics and Orthodontia, 113 Draper, Hal, 12 Draper, John, 168 Draper, Ted, 136 Drop City, 74 –76, 94, 96, 119, 256 Droppings, 75 Durkee, Barbara, 75 Durkee, Steve, 46, 48, 50, 51, 75, 81, 97, 109 Dymax, 113 Dymaxion car, 55 Dynabook, 111, 117 Dyson, Esther, 88; chairman of ICANN, 227; and EFF, 218, 219, 220, 227; and Gingrich, 215, 219, 231–32; integration into Whole Earth network, 227; longing to return to an egalitarian world, 248; “Magna Carta for the Knowledge Age,” 228 –30; and PFF conferences, 227, 230; profile of, 226 –27; Release 2.0: A Design for Living in the Digital Age, 14; vision of Internet, 3, 16; and Wired, 222; work in Whole Earth Review, 195 Dyson, Freeman, 88, 226 [ 318 ] Index East-West bookstore, 70 ecology, as alternative politics, 43 – 45 Ecology Center, 110 e-commerce, 214 economic production, knowledge-based mode of, 240 – 42 ecosystems in nature, 203 Edwards, Paul, 17, 186 Ehrlich, Paul, 50; and coevolution, 121; population biology, 45; The Population Bomb, 43, 120; preoccupation with systems-oriented models, 44; The Process of Evolution, 44 Einstein, Albert, 122 Eisner, Michael, 211 Electric Word, 211 electronic fraud, 170 “electronic frontier,” 142, 172 Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), 7, 156, 172, 218, 219, 220, 227, 286n27 Electronic Information Exchange System (EIES), 129, 130, 131 electronics industry, dependent on network patterns of organization, 149 Ellul, Jacques, The Technological Society, 29 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 55 Engelbart, Douglas, 274n10; connections to various elements of the counterculture, 109; and Global Business Network, 189; philosophy of “bootstrapping,” 108; role in the development of the ARPANET, 274n12; understanding of the social potential of computers, 107– 8; work at Augmentation Research Center, 61, 106 English, Bill, 109, 111, 120, 274n12 Erewhon Trading Company, 185 Erhard, Werner, 109 Erhard Seminar Training (EST) movement, 109 Esalen Institute, 182 Essential Whole Earth Catalog, 131 Ethernet, 111 Evans, Dave, 81, 97, 101, 109 –10, 110 Explorations ( journal), 53 Fadiman, Jim, 61 Fairchild Semiconductor, 150 Farallones Institute, 70 Farm, the, 147, 159, 277n14 Fast Company (magazine), 207 FBI, 170 Feigelson, Naomi, 49, 50 Felsenstein, Lee: forum on hacking on the WELL, 168 –70; on Hackers’ Conference, 137; and hacking community, 135; and the Homebrew Computer Club, 115; proselytizer for early computers, 133; and public peer-to-peer computing, 115; and the Tom Swift Terminal, 115; and Whole Earth Catalog, 114, 246 feminism, rise of, 152 Figallo, Cliff, 146, 147, 148, 277n1 Fisher, Scott, 163 flexible factory, 216 Fluegelman, Andrew, 137 Forrester, Jay, 27, 185 fractal formations, 203 Frank, Robert, 96 Frank, Thomas, 215 Freedom Conspiracy, 210 Free Speech Movement, 1–2, 11–13, 16, 17, 31, 34, 35, 63, 240, 242 – 43 Free University, 70 freeware, 137 French, Gordon, 102, 115 Fuller, Buckminster, 55 –56; Comprehensive Designer, 56 –57, 58, 244; Dymaxion principle, 113; geodesic dome, 65, 94; Ideas and Integrities, 56, 57, 83; imprint of cold war– era military-industrial information theory on, 58; key influence on Whole Earth community, 4, 43, 49, 80, 82, 89, 243; notion of the world as an information system, 57–58; “outlaw area,” 88; “pattern-complex,” 67, 256 Fuller, Margaret, 55 Galbraith, John Kenneth, The New Industrial State, 29 Galison, Peter, 19, 72, 264n27 game theory, 264n28, 265n43 Gans, David, 143, 166 Garcia, Jerry, 61, 66, 166 Gardner, Hugh, 119, 267n70 Garreau, Joel, 189 –90, 221 Gaskin, Stephen, 147 Gates, Bill, 7, 208 Gateway, 212 GEnie, 144 geodesic dome, 55, 65, 94 –96, 125 Ghamari-Tabrizi, Sharon, 186 Gibson, William, 164, 172, 195; Neuromancer, 162 – 63, 281n58 Index gift economy, 157–58, 279n42, 279n43 Gilder, George, 8; Bronson’s profile of, 225 –26; on the cover of Wired, 225; and deregulation, 208, 215, 216; interview with Kelly, 223 –25, 226; “Magna Carta for the Knowledge Age,” 228 –30; and Progress and Freedom Foundation, 227; promoter of telecommunications stocks, 224; relationship with Wired, 223; and Wired, 222 Gilmore, John, 172 Gingrich, Newt, 8; Contract with America, 231– 32; on the counterculture, 288n53; and deregulation, 208, 215, 216, 230, 287n49; and Dyson, 227; and Wired, 222, 223 Ginsberg, Allen, 62, 168 Gitlin, Todd, 32, 35, 119, 209; The Whole World Is Watching, 253 Gleick, James, 196 Global Business Network (GBN), 6, 7; blending of countercultural and techno-cultural organizational styles, 181– 82, 184, 248; building of, 181–94; clients of, 176; corporation as a site of revolutionary social change, 194; Garreau’s view of, 221; included former leaders of the cold war military-industrial complex, 188; lack of diversity at, 189; Learning Conferences as basis of, 181– 84; “Learning Journeys,” 190; linked formation of interpersonal networks and the modeling of network systems, 187– 88; members engaged in interpersonal and for-profit forms of interaction simultaneously, 189 – 90; metaphor of the network, 184, 189, 194; “network members,” 189; Rio Chama journey, 191–92; scenario-building workshops, 187, 192 –94; social affinity as a key element of network coherence, 205; WorldView Meetings, 190 –91 Global Crossing, 224 global marketplace, 216 “global village,” 53 Goffman, Ken (aka R. U. Sirius), 164 Goldstein, Emmanuel, 168, 169 Gore, Al, 219 Graham, Bill, 66 graphical user interface, 111 Grateful Dead, 13, 65, 66, 166 Great Society, 26 Greenblatt, Richard, 136 Greenspan, Alan, 215 Griesemer, James, 72 [ 319 ] Grooms, Red, 48 Gullichsen, Eric, 163 Gurdjieff, Georges Ivanovitch, Meetings with Remarkable Men, 187 hacker ethic, 134 –35, 136 hackers, 117, 132 –35, 133 Hackers’ Conference, 132, 137–38, 168, 169, 171, 219, 249, 254 hacking, as a free-speech issue, 169 Hafner, Katie, 143, 145, 221, 252 Hagel, John, Net Gain, 234 Haight-Ashbury, 32, 48, 66 – 67 Hapgood, Fred, 221–22 “happenings,” 48, 49, 67, 269n14 “hardware hackers,” 133 Harman, Willis, 61, 185, 274n12 Harper’s Magazine, 167 Hart, Pam, 117 Harvard Business Review, analysis of Out of Control, 204 –5 Harvey, David, 242 Hawken, Paul, 128, 185, 188 Hayles, Katherine, 26, 122 Hedgepeth, William, 77 Hefner, Christy, 211 Heims, Steve, 26, 122 Helmreich, Stefan, 198 Hermosillo, Carmen, 155 Herring, Susan, 152 Hertzfeld, Andy, 135 heterarchy, 156 Hewlett-Packard, 138 Hickman, Berry, 96 High Frontiers (’zine), 164 Hillis, Danny, 182, 183, 189 hippies, 32 Hiroshima, 16 Hitt, Jack, 167 Hofmann, Albert, 164 Hog Farm commune, 110 Holm, Richard, 44 Homebrew Computer Club, 70, 102, 106, 114 homeostat, 26, 146, 178 Horowitz, Ed, 208 Hoyt, Brad, 193 HTML code, 222 Hudson Institute, 186 Hudson Review, 47 human-machine collaboration, 108 –9, 111 hyperlinks, 213 [ 320 ] Index I Ching, 65, 82, 93 I.

The Coming Plague: Newly Emerging Diseases in a World Out of Balance by Laurie Garrett

Albert Einstein, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, Bill Atkinson, biofilm, British Empire, Buckminster Fuller, clean water, contact tracing, correlation does not imply causation, discovery of penicillin, disinformation, double helix, Edward Jenner, European colonialism, Fall of the Berlin Wall, germ theory of disease, global macro, global pandemic, global village, Gregor Mendel, Herbert Marcuse, indoor plumbing, invention of air conditioning, it's over 9,000, John Snow's cholera map, land reform, Live Aid, Louis Pasteur, Marshall McLuhan, mass incarceration, megacity, Menlo Park, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, New Urbanism, phenotype, price mechanism, Ralph Nader, Recombinant DNA, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, San Francisco homelessness, seminal paper, South China Sea, the scientific method, trade route, transfer pricing, upwardly mobile, urban renewal, urban sprawl, Zimmermann PGP

Citing the fossil evidence for five great extinction events in Earth’s ancient history, Wilson asked how much more environmental destruction at man’s hand the world could tolerate: “These figures should give pause to anyone who believes that what Homo sapiens destroys, Nature will redeem. Maybe so, but not within any length of time that has meaning for contemporary humanity.”4 As humanity approached the last decade of the twentieth century, the concept of a Global Village—first elucidated in the 1960s by Canadian philosopher Marshall McLuhan as a description of the sense of worldwide interconnectedness created by mass media technology—had clearly entered mass consciousness in the context of Earth’s ecology. Environmentalists were thinking on the macro level, plotting ways to change the whaling policies of places as disparate as Japan, Alaska, Russia, and Norway.

…

The scale of the unknown is simply too vast to even permit speculation.” Thanks to changes in Homo sapiens activities, in the ways in which the human species lived and worked on the planet at the end of the twentieth century, microbes no longer remained confined to remote ecospheres or rare reservoir species: for them, the earth had truly become a Global Village. Between 1950 and 1990 the number of passengers aboard international commercial air flights soared from 2 million to 280 million. Domestic passengers flying within the United States reached 424 million in 1990.56 Infected human beings were moving rapidly about the planet, and the number of air passengers was expected to double by the year 2000, approaching 600 million on international flights.57 Once microbes reached new locales, increasing human population and urbanization ensured that even relatively poorly transmissible microbes faced ever-improving statistical odds of being spread from person to person.

…

The parasites are themselves victims of parasitism. Like a Russian wooden doll-within-a-doll, the intestinal worm is infected with bacteria, which are infected with tiny phage viruses. The whale has a gut full of algae, which are infected with Vibrio cholerae. Each microparasite is another rivet in the Global Village airplane. Interlocked in sublimely complicated networks of webbed systems, they constantly adapt and change. Every individual alteration can change an entire system; each systemic shift can propel an interlaced network in a radical new direction. In this fluid complexity human beings stomp about with swagger, elbowing their way without concern into one ecosphere after another.

Lonely Planet Ireland by Lonely Planet

bank run, banking crisis, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, bike sharing, Bob Geldof, British Empire, carbon footprint, Celtic Tiger, classic study, country house hotel, credit crunch, Easter island, G4S, glass ceiling, global village, haute cuisine, hydraulic fracturing, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Jacquard loom, Kickstarter, land reform, reserve currency, sustainable-tourism, three-masted sailing ship, young professional

oVagabondsHOSTEL€ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %028-9023 3017; www.vagabondsbelfast.com; 9 University Rd; dm £15-17, d & tw £50; iW; gShaftesbury Sq) Comfy bunks, lockable luggage baskets, private shower cubicles, a beer garden, a pool table and a relaxed atmosphere are what you get at one of Belfast's best hostels, run by a couple of experienced travellers. It's conveniently located close to both Queen's and the city centre. Global Village BackpackersHOSTEL€ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %028-9031 3533; http://globalvillagebelfast.com; 87 University St; dm £14.50-16.50, d £44; iW; gBotanic Ave) In a 19th-century brick terrace house close to Queen's University, Global Village combines period fireplaces and stained-glass windows with bright wall murals and wall-mounted guitars. There's a sociable kitchen and dining area, a beer garden and a barbecue. Arnie's BackpackersHOSTEL€ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %028-9024 2867; http://arniesbackpackers.co.uk; 63 Fitzwilliam St; dm £12-16; iW; gCity Hospital) This long-established old-school hostel is set in a quiet terraced house in the university area.

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Doyle'sSEAFOOD$$$ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %066-915 2674; http://doylesofdingle.ie; 4 John St; mains €20-33; h5-9.30pm) Cherry-red-painted Doyle's serves some of the best seafood in the area (which in these parts is really saying something). Starters such as Dingle Bay crab cakes or grilled oysters team up with mains like spicy Spanish fish stew, seafood linguine and lobster. Crispy chips are cooked in beef dripping. Global Village RestaurantINTERNATIONAL$$$ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %066-915 2325; www.globalvillagedingle.com; Upper Main St; mains €19-33, 6-course tasting menu €60, with wine €90; h5.30-9.30pm Mar-Oct) With the sophisticated feel of a continental bistro, this restaurant offers a fusion of global recipes gathered by the well-travelled owner-chef, but utilises local produce, such as Kerry mountain lamb.

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AOctober can start to get chilly, but the Festival at Queen's, the UK's second-largest arts festival (after Edinburgh), warms things up during its three-week run. Best Places to Eat A Muddlers Club A Il Pirata A Holohan's at the Barge A Saphyre A Mourne Seafood Bar Best Places to Sleep A Bullitt Hotel A Rayanne House A Vagabonds A Merchant Hotel A Global Village Backpackers Belfast Highlights 1 Titanic Belfast Learning about the world's most famous ocean liner. 2 St George's Market Sampling the wares of some of Northern Ireland's top food producers at the Saturday food and craft market. 3 Crown Liquor Saloon Sipping a Guinness in Belfast's most beautiful Victorian pub. 4 Ulster Museum Discovering prehistoric treasures, an ancient Egyptian mummy and sunken Armada gold. 5 Cave Hill Enjoying panoramic city views from the North Belfast viewpoint. 6 Ulster Folk Museum Stepping back in time to wander among reconstructed farmhouses, forges and mills. 7 Lagan Towpath Cycling along the riverbank to the former linen town of Lisburn. 8 Botanic Gardens Visiting the birdcage-domed, iron-and-glass Palm House in the peaceful park. 9 Black taxi tour Taking in West Belfast's powerful political murals from the back of a cab.

Immigration worldwide: policies, practices, and trends by Uma Anand Segal, Doreen Elliott, Nazneen S. Mayadas

affirmative action, Asian financial crisis, Berlin Wall, borderless world, British Empire, Celtic Tiger, centre right, conceptual framework, credit crunch, demographic transition, deskilling, en.wikipedia.org, European colonialism, export processing zone, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial independence, full employment, global village, guest worker program, illegal immigration, immigration reform, income inequality, income per capita, informal economy, it's over 9,000, knowledge economy, labor-force participation, labour mobility, language acquisition, longitudinal study, low skilled workers, mass immigration, minimum wage unemployment, moral panic, Nelson Mandela, New Urbanism, open borders, phenotype, scientific management, South China Sea, structural adjustment programs, Suez canal 1869, trade route, transaction costs, upwardly mobile, urban planning, women in the workforce

These events coincide with continued attacks on Australian multiculturalism by conservative parties. Australia is not alone in adopting a tougher line on refugees. There is a hardening of attitudes toward refugees and asylum seekers globally. But sending asylum seekers back to their country is a regressive step for Australia, which sees itself as part of the global village and relies on immigration for both its population growth and its economy. Many Australians are protesting against detention centers and many were vocal about their antiwar sentiments when the Australian Prime Minister voiced his support for the United States in Iraq. Our home town, Newcastle, has been made a Welcome City for Refugees as a result of the success of the local refugee action group.

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Thirdly, with ideological debates becoming secondary to economic development, the country has been politically stable since early 1990s. This offers both an environment conducive to economic development and stability to attract outsiders as residents. As China is now striving to integrate into the global village both economically and politically, it has put into the forefront international diplomacy. The result is a cooperative approach toward foreigners in China; preferential treatment also attracts more foreign talent. Finally, with more people entering and staying longer, interconnections between locals and outsiders become more substantive and substantial.

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Of the utmost importance is, of course, the country’s ability to stay on the course, taking every effort to preserve the favorable conditions it now possesses. Apart from this, breakthrough has to be sought to overcome existing limitations and emerging problems. While it would be unrealistic to expect all problems be solved overnight, China must focus on keeping its competitive edge and become increasingly integrated into the global village where the world recognizes it as a highly prized destination. This will require the valuing of a more transparent government, openness in policies, a more responsible and accountable administration, and a legal system consistent with international standards that accompany economic development.

The Orbital Perspective: Lessons in Seeing the Big Picture From a Journey of 71 Million Miles by Astronaut Ron Garan, Muhammad Yunus

Airbnb, Apollo 13, barriers to entry, book scanning, Buckminster Fuller, carbon credits, clean water, corporate social responsibility, crowdsourcing, fake it until you make it, global village, Google Earth, Indoor air pollution, jimmy wales, low earth orbit, optical character recognition, overview effect, private spaceflight, ride hailing / ride sharing, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart transportation, Stephen Hawking, transaction costs, Turing test, Uber for X, web of trust

Community-Based Trust These examples relate to personal trust, but there are countless similar examples of communities that form online for a specific purpose and operate in a coordinated way for the greater good. Wikipedia, for instance, was built on the premise that people enjoy interacting within a community, which in the case of Wikipedia, is a global village documenting human knowledge. As is the case with hackathons, very few people work to add knowledge and keep Wikipedia updated out of a sense of charity. Instead, they do it because it’s interesting, fun, and community oriented. And like Uber and Airbnb, Wikipedia employs a model that engages the trust of the community to help keep postings accurate and up to date.

Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business by Neil Postman, Jeff Riggenbach Ph.

affirmative action, Albert Einstein, classic study, disinformation, global village, Index librorum prohibitorum, invention of the printing press, Lewis Mumford, Louis Daguerre, Marshall McLuhan, Mikhail Gorbachev, Ralph Nader, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ronald Reagan, Saturday Night Live, the medium is the message

A man in Maine and a man in Texas could converse, but not about anything either of them knew or cared very much about. The telegraph may have made the country into “one neighborhood,” but it was a peculiar one, populated by strangers who knew nothing but the most superficial facts about each other. Since we live today in just such a neighborhood (now sometimes called a “global village”), you may get a sense of what is meant by context-free information by asking yourself the following question: How often does it occur that information provided you on morning radio or television, or in the morning newspaper, causes you to alter your plans for the day, or to take some action you would not otherwise have taken, or provides insight into some problem you are required to solve?

The Future of War by Lawrence Freedman

Albert Einstein, autonomous vehicles, Berlin Wall, Black Swan, Boeing 747, British Empire, colonial rule, conceptual framework, crowdsourcing, cuban missile crisis, currency manipulation / currency intervention, disinformation, Donald Trump, Dr. Strangelove, driverless car, drone strike, en.wikipedia.org, energy security, Ernest Rutherford, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, global village, Google Glasses, Herman Kahn, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), John Markoff, long peace, megacity, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, moral hazard, mutually assured destruction, New Journalism, Norbert Wiener, nuclear taboo, open economy, pattern recognition, Peace of Westphalia, RAND corporation, Ronald Reagan, South China Sea, speech recognition, Steven Pinker, Strategic Defense Initiative, Stuxnet, Suez canal 1869, Suez crisis 1956, systematic bias, the scientific method, uranium enrichment, urban sprawl, Valery Gerasimov, Wargames Reagan, WarGames: Global Thermonuclear War, WikiLeaks, zero day

London: Penguin Books, 2011. Plaw, Avery, Matthew S. Fricker, and Carlos R. Colon. The Drone Debate: A Primer on the U.S. Use of Unmanned Aircraft Outside Conventional Battlefields. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2015. Plummer, Bradford. ‘Global Warring’. New Republic, 20 Nov. 2009. Porter, Patrick. The Global Village Myth: Distance, War, and the Limits of Power. London: Hurst, 2015. Posen, Barry R. ‘The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict’. Survival 35.1 (1993): 27–47. . ‘Urban Operations: Tactical Realities and Strategic Ambiguities’. Soldiers in Cities: Military Operations on Urban Terrain. Ed. Michael C.

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For Obama, the moment of truth had come in Syria in 2013 when, despite the Assad regime having apparently crossed a ‘red line’ he had set when it used chemical weapons, he decided not to intervene in the conflict. Jeffrey Goldberg, ‘The Obama Doctrine’, The Atlantic Monthly, April 2016. Available: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/04/the-obama-doctrine/471525. 31. Patrick Porter, The Global Village Myth: Distance, War, and the Limits of Power (London: Hurst, 2015). 32. The classic analysis of raiding strategies is found in Archer Jones, The Art of War in the Western World (Urbana and Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2001). 33. Efraim Inbar and Eitan Shamir, ‘What after counter-insurgency?’

Empire by Michael Hardt, Antonio Negri

"hyperreality Baudrillard"~20 OR "Baudrillard hyperreality", Berlin Wall, Bretton Woods, colonial rule, conceptual framework, disinformation, equal pay for equal work, European colonialism, Fall of the Berlin Wall, feminist movement, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, global pandemic, global village, Haight Ashbury, Herbert Marcuse, informal economy, invisible hand, late capitalism, low skilled workers, mass immigration, means of production, Monroe Doctrine, Nelson Mandela, New Urbanism, open borders, post-Fordism, post-industrial society, postindustrial economy, scientific management, Scramble for Africa, social intelligence, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, union organizing, urban planning, W. E. B. Du Bois

The contemporary processes of globalization have torn down many of the boundaries of the colonial world. Along with the common celebrations of the unbounded flows in our new global village, one can still sense also an anxiety about increased contact and a certain nostalgia for colonialist hygiene. The dark side of the consciousness of globalization is the fear of contagion. If we break down global boundaries and open universal contact in our global village, how will we prevent the spread of disease and corruption? This anxiety is most clearly revealed with respect to the AIDS pandemic.2 The lightning speed of the spread of AIDS in the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia demonstrated the new dangers of global contagion.

Why Stock Markets Crash: Critical Events in Complex Financial Systems by Didier Sornette

Alan Greenspan, Asian financial crisis, asset allocation, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Bretton Woods, Brownian motion, business cycle, buy and hold, buy the rumour, sell the news, capital asset pricing model, capital controls, continuous double auction, currency peg, Deng Xiaoping, discrete time, diversified portfolio, Elliott wave, Erdős number, experimental economics, financial engineering, financial innovation, floating exchange rates, frictionless, frictionless market, full employment, global village, implied volatility, index fund, information asymmetry, intangible asset, invisible hand, John von Neumann, joint-stock company, law of one price, Louis Bachelier, low interest rates, mandelbrot fractal, margin call, market bubble, market clearing, market design, market fundamentalism, mental accounting, moral hazard, Network effects, new economy, oil shock, open economy, pattern recognition, Paul Erdős, Paul Samuelson, power law, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, random walk, risk/return, Ronald Reagan, Schrödinger's Cat, selection bias, short selling, Silicon Valley, South Sea Bubble, statistical model, stochastic process, stocks for the long run, Tacoma Narrows Bridge, technological singularity, The Coming Technological Singularity, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tobin tax, total factor productivity, transaction costs, tulip mania, VA Linux, Y2K, yield curve

For general interactions, if a critical time appears in one market, it should also be present in other markets as a result of the nonlinear interactions existing between the markets [219]. This will be discussed further in chapter 10 in relation to the interaction between the world population, its global economic output, and global market indices. In sum, two lessons can be taken home from the Hong Kong October 1997 crash: the trend-setting power of the “global village” and the might of the general investor sentiment forged by forces of imitation and herding. CURRENCY CRASHES Currencies can also develop bubbles and crashes. The bubble on the dollar starting in the early 1980s and ending in 1985 is a remarkable example, as shown in Figure 7.15. 255 autopsy of major c r a s h e s 3.6 3.4 3.2 Exchange Rate 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 83.0 83.5 84.0 84.5 85.0 85.5 Date Fig. 7.15.

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The Hang Seng index prior to the October 1997 crash on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange already shown in Figure 7.11 and the S&P 500 stock market index prior to the crash on Wall Street in August 1998. The fit to the S&P 500 index is equation (15) with A2 ≈ 1321, B2 ≈ −402, B2 C ≈ 197, m2 ≈ 060, tc ≈ 9872, ≈ 075, and ≈ 64. Reproduced from [221]. ring somewhere in the “global village.” The Russian meltdown was just such a perturbation. What is remarkable is that the U.S. market somehow contained the information of an upcoming instability through its unsustainable accelerated growth and structures! The financial world being an extremely complex system of interacting components, it is not farfetched to imagine that Russia was led to take actions against its unsustainable debt policy at the time of a strongly increasing concern by many about risks on investments made in developing countries.

The Survival of the City: Human Flourishing in an Age of Isolation by Edward Glaeser, David Cutler

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, agricultural Revolution, Alvin Toffler, Andrei Shleifer, autonomous vehicles, basic income, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, British Empire, business cycle, buttonwood tree, call centre, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, classic study, clean water, collective bargaining, Columbian Exchange, contact tracing, Corn Laws, Cornelius Vanderbilt, coronavirus, COVID-19, crack epidemic, defund the police, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, desegregation, discovery of penicillin, Donald Trump, Edward Glaeser, Elisha Otis, Fellow of the Royal Society, flying shuttle, future of work, Future Shock, gentrification, George Floyd, germ theory of disease, global pandemic, global village, hiring and firing, Home mortgage interest deduction, Honoré de Balzac, income inequality, industrial cluster, James Hargreaves, Jane Jacobs, Jevons paradox, job automation, jobless men, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Snow's cholera map, knowledge worker, lockdown, Louis Pasteur, Mahatma Gandhi, manufacturing employment, mass incarceration, Maui Hawaii, means of production, megacity, meta-analysis, new economy, New Urbanism, Occupy movement, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, out of africa, place-making, precautionary principle, RAND corporation, randomized controlled trial, remote working, Richard Florida, Salesforce, Saturday Night Live, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, social distancing, Socratic dialogue, spinning jenny, superstar cities, Tax Reform Act of 1986, tech baron, TED Talk, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, TikTok, trade route, union organizing, universal basic income, Upton Sinclair, urban planning, working poor, Works Progress Administration, zero-sum game, zoonotic diseases

The main thesis of that later book was that humanity had experienced a first “wave” during the agricultural revolution ten millennia ago and a second wave during the Industrial Revolution. The third wave was “the death of industrialism and the rise of a new civilization” that could be only imperfectly labeled with the phrases “information age, electronic era, or global village.” Toffler was writing just as the easier shipment of goods was killing off urban manufacturing. He naturally hypothesized that easier transmission of knowledge would have a similar impact on information-intensive urban industries. But as we have noted, it can be hard to tell at the time whether a moment is centripetal or centrifugal, and information technology did more than just enable home offices.

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“trend towards residential renting”: Toffler, Future Shock, 64. 56 percent in 1940 to 37 percent in 1970: Data from www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/demo/tables/geographic-mobility/time-series/historic/tab-a-1.xls. “breeding a new race of nomads”: Toffler, Future Shock, 75. “the death of industrialism”: Toffler, The Third Wave, 18. “information age, electronic era, or global village”: Toffler, The Third Wave, 25. “will topple bureaucracies”: Toffler, The Third Wave, 27. “The Third Wave alters”: Toffler, The Third Wave, 312. “the new allure of small-city and rural life”: Toffler, The Third Wave, 219. “city dwellers by the millions”: Toffler, The Third Wave, 306.

Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That's OK: How to Survive the Economic Collapse and Be Happy by Pistono, Federico

3D printing, Albert Einstein, autonomous vehicles, bioinformatics, Buckminster Fuller, cloud computing, computer vision, correlation does not imply causation, en.wikipedia.org, epigenetics, Erik Brynjolfsson, Firefox, future of work, gamification, George Santayana, global village, Google Chrome, happiness index / gross national happiness, hedonic treadmill, illegal immigration, income inequality, information retrieval, Internet of things, invention of the printing press, Jeff Hawkins, jimmy wales, job automation, John Markoff, Kevin Kelly, Khan Academy, Kickstarter, Kiva Systems, knowledge worker, labor-force participation, Lao Tzu, Law of Accelerating Returns, life extension, Loebner Prize, longitudinal study, means of production, Narrative Science, natural language processing, new economy, Occupy movement, patent troll, pattern recognition, peak oil, post scarcity, QR code, quantum entanglement, race to the bottom, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, RFID, Rodney Brooks, selection bias, self-driving car, seminal paper, slashdot, smart cities, software as a service, software is eating the world, speech recognition, Steven Pinker, strong AI, synthetic biology, technological singularity, TED Talk, Turing test, Vernor Vinge, warehouse automation, warehouse robotics, women in the workforce

We’ve identified the 50 most important machines that we think it takes for modern life to exist – things from tractors, bread ovens, circuit makers. Then we set out to create an Open Source, DIY, do it yourself version that anyone can build and maintain at a fraction of the cost. We call this the Global Village Construction Set. So let me tell you a story. I finished my 20s with a Ph.D. in fusion energy, and I discovered I was useless. I had no practical skills. The world presented me with options, and I took them. I guess you can call it the consumer lifestyle. So I started a farm in Missouri and learned about the economics of farming.

A Mathematician Plays the Stock Market by John Allen Paulos

Alan Greenspan, AOL-Time Warner, Benoit Mandelbrot, Black-Scholes formula, book value, Brownian motion, business climate, business cycle, butter production in bangladesh, butterfly effect, capital asset pricing model, confounding variable, correlation coefficient, correlation does not imply causation, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, diversified portfolio, dogs of the Dow, Donald Trump, double entry bookkeeping, Elliott wave, endowment effect, equity risk premium, Erdős number, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, four colour theorem, George Gilder, global village, greed is good, index fund, intangible asset, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, John Bogle, John Nash: game theory, Larry Ellison, Long Term Capital Management, loss aversion, Louis Bachelier, mandelbrot fractal, margin call, mental accounting, Myron Scholes, Nash equilibrium, Network effects, passive investing, Paul Erdős, Paul Samuelson, Plato's cave, Ponzi scheme, power law, price anchoring, Ralph Nelson Elliott, random walk, Reminiscences of a Stock Operator, Richard Thaler, risk free rate, Robert Shiller, short selling, six sigma, Stephen Hawking, stocks for the long run, survivorship bias, transaction costs, two and twenty, ultimatum game, UUNET, Vanguard fund, Yogi Berra

The metaphor is strained (in fact I just developed carpal tunnel syndrome typing it), but it seems reminiscent of what happens when the business media (as well as the media in general) focus unrelentingly on some titillating but relatively inconsequential bit of news. Coverage of the item expands so fast as to distort the rest of the global village and render it invisible. Our responses to business news are only one of the ways in which we fail to be completely rational. More generally, we simply don’t always behave in ways that maximize our economic well-being. “Homo economicus” is not an ideal toward which many people strive. My late father, for example, was distinctly uneconimicus.

The Money Tree: A Story About Finding the Fortune in Your Own Backyard by Chris Guillebeau

Bernie Madoff, drop ship, Ethereum, fail fast, financial independence, global village, hiring and firing, housing crisis, independent contractor, messenger bag, passive income, race to the bottom, rent-seeking, ride hailing / ride sharing, side hustle, Steve Jobs, telemarketer

Jake realized that he mostly used them to connect with the same people over and over, whenever he wasn’t watching urgent videos of cats on vacuum cleaners. It wasn’t until he went on the trip to Ethiopia that his eyes were opened to a world of new possibilities. There should be some kind of online global village, specifically for everyone who’s trying to pursue a Third Way project on their own. He pictured a message board of some kind, where anyone who registered could post on two lists. One list would be “I’m looking for . . .” and the other would be “I can offer . . .” It wasn’t a matter of one group “rescuing” the other.

This Is Not Normal: The Collapse of Liberal Britain by William Davies

Airbnb, basic income, Bernie Sanders, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Black Lives Matter, Boris Johnson, Cambridge Analytica, central bank independence, centre right, Chelsea Manning, coronavirus, corporate governance, COVID-19, credit crunch, data science, deindustrialization, disinformation, Dominic Cummings, Donald Trump, double entry bookkeeping, Edward Snowden, fake news, family office, Filter Bubble, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, ghettoisation, gig economy, global pandemic, global village, illegal immigration, Internet of things, Jeremy Corbyn, late capitalism, Leo Hollis, liberal capitalism, loadsamoney, London Interbank Offered Rate, mass immigration, moral hazard, Neil Kinnock, Northern Rock, old-boy network, post-truth, postnationalism / post nation state, precariat, prediction markets, quantitative easing, recommendation engine, Robert Mercer, Ronald Reagan, sentiment analysis, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Slavoj Žižek, statistical model, Steve Bannon, Steven Pinker, surveillance capitalism, technoutopianism, The Chicago School, Thorstein Veblen, transaction costs, universal basic income, W. E. B. Du Bois, web of trust, WikiLeaks, Yochai Benkler

One of Johnson’s first policy announcements was to offer ‘full fibre to every home in the land’ by 2025, which civil engineers consider utterly unrealistic (the government’s current ‘aspiration’ to deliver it by 2033 is very optimistic). Farage has also fixated on faster broadband nationwide, plus free and fast wifi on buses and trains outside London. There was a time when the internet was identified with the ‘global village’ and hipster start-up culture; now it has become a key symbol and rallying point of non-metropolitan nationhood. The Farage-Johnson fantasy, it seems, is to weaken the cultural power of the large cities and university towns (those splodges of Remain on the Brexit map of England), and with it the influence of the BBC and Channel 4.

The Life and Death of Ancient Cities: A Natural History by Greg Woolf

agricultural Revolution, Anthropocene, capital controls, classic study, Columbian Exchange, demographic transition, Dunbar number, Easter island, endogenous growth, Eratosthenes, European colonialism, global village, invention of agriculture, invention of writing, joint-stock company, mass immigration, megacity, New Urbanism, out of africa, Scramble for Africa, social intelligence, social web, the strength of weak ties, trade route, urban planning, urban sprawl, zoonotic diseases

Because agriculture has often allowed populations to rise, these settlements often became quite large. Finding a way to distinguish a large village from a small city is genuinely difficult. Size does not work as a criterion. Many Neolithic villages were much larger than some later cities. It is difficult to imagine a village of 100,000 or a million people, and when we write of a “global village” we understand that this is a paradox, a hyperbolic claim that distance has been so collapsed by modern communications that we are all close neighbours. But even if we could agree on an upper limit in size for a village, it is less easy to set the minimum size for a city. Over the course of this book it will emerge that most of the cities of the Roman world had populations smaller than the village of Çatalhöyük did in seventh millennium b.c.e.

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What Were Early Cities Like? Today’s greatest cities have come to resemble each other closely. Their major architects are international figures, their builders have access to the same materials, and they have been designed to suit societies increasingly alike in their needs and ambitions. Each urban outpost of our global village reaches up to the sky with ever more precarious ziggurats of glass and steel, their gracile skeletons animated by fibre-optic nerves through which they talk to each other by day, and by night light up the sky. Beneath them vast artificial rivers discreetly supply water and remove waste, while cavernous metro stations link the scintillating business districts with the far-flung residential districts where those who work in them live.

A Classless Society: Britain in the 1990s by Alwyn W. Turner

Alan Greenspan, Berlin Wall, Bob Geldof, Boris Johnson, bread and circuses, British Empire, call centre, centre right, deindustrialization, demand response, Desert Island Discs, endogenous growth, Etonian, eurozone crisis, facts on the ground, Fall of the Berlin Wall, falling living standards, first-past-the-post, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, friendly fire, full employment, gentrification, global village, greed is good, inflation targeting, lateral thinking, means of production, millennium bug, minimum wage unemployment, moral panic, negative equity, Neil Kinnock, Nelson Mandela, no-fly zone, offshore financial centre, old-boy network, period drama, post-war consensus, Ronald Reagan, sexual politics, Stephen Fry, Stephen Hawking, upwardly mobile, Winter of Discontent, women in the workforce

They are called – Heseltine, Life in the Jungle p. 379 here For nearly two decades – Richards, Whatever It Takes p. 4 here only purpose of being – Rawnsley, Servants of the People p. 3 here Britain under Tony Blair – Observer 12 July 1998 14: Power here Too much power – Shore, Leading the Left p. 183 here Democracy is all very well – Chris Langham, Look at the State We’re In!, ‘Local Government’ here Honk if you hate – Sunday Times 21 August 1994 here It is now the turn – Sunday Times 4 December 1988 here those few words – Straw, Last Man Standing p. 275 here suffered a death – O’Farrell, Global Village Idiot p. 147 here You idiot – Blair, A Journey p. 516 here The United Kingdom – Major, The Autobiography p. 424 here undermine the unity – Times 21 February 1997 here The tactic was obvious – Blair op. cit. p. 252 here It’s Gordon’s passion – Naughtie, The Rivals p. 158 here Devolution seemed – Johnes, Wales Since 1939 p. 413 here I am particularly pleased – Routledge, Gordon Brown p. 153 here People should not underestimate – Young, The Hugo Young Papers p. 482 here in Scotland – Independent 27 January 1999 here It speaks volumes – Weight, Patriots p. 670 here Once the powers – Times 4 April 1997 here Walking in the Scottish highlands – Sunday Times 29 December 1996 here they view us – Campbell, The Blair Years p. 49 here unreconstructed wankers – Oborne & Walters, Alastair Campbell p. 141 here similar to the Militant – Sun 30 June 1998 here pure Australian shite – Weight op. cit. p. 700 here terrific – Routledge, Mandy p. 6 here We don’t kill people – West, Murder in the Commons p. 209 here The people of Wales – Johnes op. cit. p. 335 here was almost single-handedly – Hain, Outside In p. 194 here This is a loyalty vote – ibid. p. 201 here a bulwark against – Rhodri Morgan (pc) here We voted Labour – Johnes op. cit. p. 331 here short, fat, slimy – Times 21 December 1994 here Are you a minicab driver – Price, The Spin Doctor’s Diary p. 46 here the talismanic Rhodri – Hain op. cit. p. 192 here What sort of election – Johnes op. cit. p. 418 here Fucking Welsh – Guardian 19 September 2005 here Every day when I wake up – Powell/Richards/Jones/Matthews/Roberts, ‘International Velvet’ (Sony/ATV Music Publishing Ltd, 1998) here his greatest conflict – Blunkett, The Blunkett Tapes p. 125 here In the years since then – Independent 27 May 1999 here Ken Livingstone is a folk hero – Dexys Midnight Runners, ‘Reminisce (Part 1)’ (Rowland, EMI Music Publishing Ltd, 1983) here I think Ken – Independent on Sunday 24 August 1997 here I was put up – Times 24 April 1992 here caused an awful lot – Benn, Free at Last p. 250 here I’d love to be – Routledge, Mandy p. 230 here I didn’t feel visceral – Blair op. cit. p. 267 here It was going to be difficult – ibid. p. 267 here saw Ken Livingstone – Powell, The New Machiavelli p. 130 here He was one of the many – Blair op. cit. p. 263 here the Labour Party will elect – Naughtie op. cit. p. 297 here We had really fucked this – Campbell op. cit. p. 428 here We fucked it up – Mullin, A View from the Foothills p. 80 here The trouble is – Young op. cit. p. 641 here He was running rings – Campbell op. cit. p. 443 here THE MAN RUNNING RINGS – Daily Mail 16 May 1984 here I’ve been waiting – Guardian 5 April 2000 here following Blair – Benn op. cit. p. 602 here As I was saying – Daily Mirror 6 May 2000, Financial Times 5 July 1991 here an accident waiting – Wheatcroft, The Strange Death of Tory England p. 209 here there are the most – Financial Times 10 August 1999 here It wasn’t until – Clifford, Max Clifford p. 187 here I’m pretty confident – Walters, Tory Wars p. 51 here less compassionate – Daily Mirror 2 August 2000 here Margaret Thatcher was – Daily Mirror 9 February 2002 here People out there – Nadler, William Hague p. 227 here This is a day – Rawnsley, Servants of the People p. 206 here It was a perfectly – Blair op. cit. p. 251 here at a practical level – Shephard, Shephard’s Watch p. 253 here It doesn’t take a genius – Gorman, No, Prime Minister!

…

here he said we hit – Campbell op. cit. p. 347 here You’d better give – Mandelson, The Third Man p. 281 here to show me maps – Ashdown, The Ashdown Diaries p. 117 here the KLA were not – Campbell op. cit. p. 362 here essentially a moral issue – Blair, A Journey p. 228 here we breached – Blunkett, The Blunkett Tapes p. 122 here ‘bombing into submission’ – Campbell op. cit. p. 372 here This is obscene – Rawnsley op. cit. p. 276 here wonder why – Campbell op. cit. p. 408 here The only important thing – Rawnsley op. cit. p. 281 here This was the liberals’ war – Steel, Reasons to Be Cheerful p. 262 here Those loathsome – Clark, The Last Diaries p. 389 here There was no real – Campbell op. cit. p. 371 here in limbo – Short op. cit. p. 96 here the unresolved question – Patten, Not Quite the Diplomat p. 168 here just a military conflict – Sunday Telegraph 4 April 1999 here war can be necessary – Rawnsley op. cit. p. 288 here a new doctrine – Kampfner op. cit. p. 52 here Intervention to bring down – Blair op. cit. p. 248 here enforcement of – ibid. p. 225 here Success is the only exit – Kampfner op. cit. p. 52 here a huge change of mood – Clark op. cit. p. 390 here Human rights are – Times 22 April 1999 here was to help – Rawnsley op. cit. p. 180 here ostensibly to secure – Price op. cit. p. 219 here inexorable slide – Times 27 September 1994 here stoned bandits – Guardian 12 March 2005 here we asked for justice – Denim, ‘The Osmonds’ (Lawrence, Boys Own Recordings, 1992) here The conflict is over – Major op. cit. p. 431 here The cares of the world – Meyer, DC Confidential p. 19 here I don’t talk – Rawnsley op. cit. p. 129 here It is finished – Financial Times 2 March 1995 here The people of Northern Ireland – Major op. cit. p. 457 here I’m sick of answering – People 23 April 1995 here At worst, it has – Cole, As It Seemed To Me p. 418 here I could not have asked – Major op. cit. p. 493 here I was putting – Blair op. cit. p. 171 here losing the battle – Independent on Sunday 13 April 1997 here I am not in favour – Benn, Free at Last p. 550 here awful – Campbell op. cit. p. 375 here fuck off – Rawnsley op. cit. p. 125 here This is no time – Blair op. cit. p. 166 here I felt really – Campbell op. cit. p. 298 here Ullans is not – ibid. p. 298 here a new period – Daily Mirror 28 May 1998 here making at least – Blunkett op. cit. p. 92 here we are handing over – Benn op. cit. p. 592 here At least when we talk – ibid. p. 568 here a shitty job – Rawnsley op. cit. p. 347 here She is fed up – Blunkett op. cit. p. 161 here People did things – Blair op. cit. p. 156 16: Reality here Churchill got his lucky number – Blur, ‘It Could Be You’ (Albarn/Coxon/James/Rowntree, MCA Music Ltd, 1995) here The consorts, the lovers – Blacker, The Fame Hotel p. 46 here Flogging criminals – Daily Mirror 20 March 1995 here Someone told me – Lovesey, Upon a Dark Night p. 155 here a chance for the government – Baker, The Turbulent Years p. 462 here unlikely to attract – Major, The Autobiography p. 408 here within ten years – Independent 26 May 1998 here taken money out – Radice, Diaries 1980–2001 p. 344 here between £250 million – Financial Times 15 April 1996 here I did not think – Thatcher, The Downing Street Years p. 610 here It could be you – Kibble-White & Williams, The Encyclopaedia of Classic Saturday Night Telly p. 227 here In public spending – Adonis & Pollard, A Class Act p. 266 here The working class – Critchley & Halcrow, Collapse of Stout Party p. 147 here NEVER HAS SO MUCH – Daily Mirror 27 April 1995 here startling redistribution – Independent 27 April 1995 here The lottery is our only hope – Danziger, Danziger’s Britain p. 119 here the costs were huge – Independent 2 June 1997 here boasting of four-in-a-bed romps – Sun 29 May 1997 here I tell you what – Izzard, Dress to Kill p. 127 here did not find it – Daily Mail 30 July 2001 here unspeakably sick – Sunday Telegraph 29 June 2001 here sickest TV show ever – Daily Mail 28 June 2001 here looking chest swell – Observer 5 August 2001 here a deeply unpleasant piece – Guardian 31 July 2001 here The main news tonight – Sunday Times 27 December 1998 here macabre pair – Smith, I Think the Nurses Are Stealing My Clothes p. 316 here We got him – Harvey Hinsley (pc) here It is a shocking truth – Independent 18 September 2000 here Whether or not – ikon issue 1, September 1995 here We are in great haste – Henry David Thoreau, Walden, chapter 1: ‘Economy’ (1854) here The BNP’s cyberspace audience – Spearhead April 1999 here Our children have no doubt – Times 3 April 1995 here Opinion-making – Osborne, Damn You, England p. 199 here The success of popular reporting – Brookmyre, Quite Ugly One Morning p. 38 here from enfant terrible – Burchill, The Guardian Columns p. 49 here the tosser was at art school – ibid. p. 298 here working for the CIA – ibid. p. 183 here The internet is a subversive – Guardian 12 August 1999 here The internet is effectively – Daily Mail 18 May 1998 here We must find a way – Sunday Mirror 21 June 1998 here the internet is exciting – Forum Vol. 28 No. 8 1995 here people will stitch you up – Financial Times 19 August 2000 here his accent was too posh – Evening Standard 14 December 2000 here the media’s playground bully – Parsons, Big Mouth Strikes Again p. 243 here a shallow, bullying man-child – Haines, Bad Vibes p. 182 here The class war – Daily Mail 29 September 1999 here This election has shown – Times 10 October 1959 here in an old boiler suit – Daily Telegraph 24 October 2000 here I’ve never stood – Independent 24 October 2000 here an interview system – Beckett, Gordon Brown p. 133 here The chancellor really is – Sun 26 May 2000 here harsh and uninformed – Times 27 May 2000 here You might as well – Economist 3 June 2000 here hordes of upper-class – News of the World 28 May 2000 here the dirty little secret – Daily Mirror 9 June 2000 here went on and on – Young, The Hugo Young Papers p. 676 here NEW LABOUR, OLD CLASS ENVY – Daily Mail 27 May 2000 here The scenes of a hunt – Kochan, Ann Widdecombe p. 249 here The more I learned – Blair, A Journey p. 306 here to show that fox-hunting – Price, The Spin Doctor’s Diary p. 288 here the tolerance of minorities – Times 11 July 1997 here All country people – Nott, Mr Wonderful Takes a Cruise p. 139 here would get blocked – Campbell, The Blair Years p. 488 here A ban on hunting – Mullin, A View from the Foothills p. 186 here If we could get – Times 1 April 2000 here The liberal elite – Walters, Tory Wars p. 107 here It’s something – Times 17 September 1999 here We need to appear – Price op. cit. p. 214 here We’ve got the whole – Walters op. cit. p. 56 here execution, official or freelance – Guardian 27 April 2000 here Why do I share – Financial Times 10 October 1997 here a new low – Daily Telegraph 27 June 1998 here They think the party – Young op. cit. p. 667 here Never mind – Independent 4 December 1999 here The message is – Sun 26 September 1997 here We discussed – Independent 2 February 1999 here a sexual accessory – Observer 31 January 1999 here Of all sexual perversions – Independent 1 February 1999 here If his missus – Sun 2 February 1999 here It means zero tolerance – Daily Mail 5 October 2000 here Is she really serious – Daily Mail 5 October 2000 here a calculated bid – Sun 9 October 2000 here It was a spiteful attempt – Walters op. cit. p. 82 here I call it good manners – Savage, Time Travel p. 390 here ‘bastard’ and ‘twat’ – Independent 8 December 1994 here It may be that the era – Times 20 March 1998 here complemented by more – Times 23 March 1998 here the days of the old – Times 20 March 1998 here If I am wrong – Independent 3 March 1998 17: Millennium here What is the Dome for? – Cohen, Pretty Straight Guys p. 138 here When I look back – Blair, A Journey p. 312 here To all the people – O’Farrell, Global Village Idiot p. 200 here I knew a lot – Blair op. cit. p. 224 here not something – Bremner et al, You Are Here p. 43 here A thousand days of Labour – Barnett, This Time p. 29 here As a nation – Heseltine, Life in the Jungle p. 509 here I should really cancel it – Routledge, Mandy p. 183 here Euan test – Daily Mirror 20 June 1997 here I knew and they knew – Prescott, Prezza p. 236 here If the PM were here – Cohen op. cit. p. 141 here nobody believed – Blunkett, The Blunkett Tapes p. 24 here In retrospect – Powell, The New Machiavelli p. 40 here everyone under the age – Strange, Strange p. 244 here entirely inappropriate – Times 13 January 1998 here ideas merchants – Times 21 June 1997 here In 1851 and 1951 – Cohen op. cit. p. 142 here the People’s Show – Weight, Patriots p. 195 here my Dome – Independent on Sunday 18 January 1998 here bollocks – Routledge op. cit. p. 196 here a slight and demeaning – Young, The Hugo Young Papers p. 548 here It was like an orchestra – Rawnsley, Servants of the People p. 327 here a project that could – Bayley, Labour Camp p. 59 here typography – ibid. p. 63 here the most exciting – Mail on Sunday 1 March 1998 here the first paragraph – Financial Times 21 February 2000 here journalistic fantasy – Financial Times 28 February 2000 here see off cynics – Independent 18 December 1999 here Pushing to get out – Blair op. cit. p. 254 here between the forces – Guardian 29 September 1999 here such as the conservation – Sun 30 September 1999 here He spoke for Britain – Sun 8 October 1999 here a strategy to put himself – Campbell, The Blair Years p. 426 here Dear sir – Wener, Goodnight Steve McQueen p. 130 here Your home is suddenly – Sun 30 January 1998 here Bank vaults – Observer 13 December 1998 here the worst case scenario – Financial Times 29 August 1998 here That pissed them off – Prescott op. cit. p. 236 here the Queen had both – King, House Music p. 136 here I don’t think – Blair op. cit. p. 258 here everyone I know – O’Farrell op. cit. p. 162 here There is no single – Sunday Times 6 August 2000 here It was actually – Benn, Free at Last p. 585 here Governments shouldn’t run – Campbell op. cit. p. 441 here Hindsight is – Guardian 27 September 2000 here a symbol of New Labour – Times 7 September 2000 here ghastly little cunt – Price, The Spin Doctor’s Diary p. 280 here lost the plot – Spicer, The Spicer Diaries p. 411 here We must all work – ibid. p. 431 here a decade of motorcades – Clark, The Tories p. 494 here There’s a bit – Price op. cit. p. 69 here I know I am right – Campbell op. cit. p. 454 here It is bizarre – Guardian 17 July 2000 here It is remarkably shallow – Mullin, A View from the Foothills p. 117 here a modern man – Hernon, The Blair Decade p. 17 here David Miliband tried – Blair op. cit. p. 255 here we have made medical care – New Statesman 14 January 2000 here not a commitment – Rawnsley op. cit. p. 339 here Respect for the old – Times 8 June 2000 here What on earth – Rawnsley op. cit. p. 372 here We made the point – Express 8 June 2000 here there was no way – Campbell op. cit. p. 458 here we simply had to hold – ibid. p. 459 here It shook people – Blunkett op. cit. p. 186 here I would not say – Express 17 April 2000 here no mileage – Times 17 April 2000 here wouldn’t even dream – Times 17 April 2000 here BLAIR, YOU ARE A CUNT – Blair op. cit. p. 299 here I tell you now – Financial Times 27 September 2000 here Prime ministers aren’t meant – Dobbs, The Final Cut p. 317 here that the country – Young op. cit. p. 653 here I know it’s only been – Independent 7 July 2000 here Tried for three years – Tim Rice & Andrew Lloyd here Webber, ‘Gethsemane’ (Leeds Music, 1971) here no one took – Blair op. cit. p. 292 here We weren’t far off – Campbell, The Blair Years p. 471 here The public never realised – Powell, The New Machiavelli p. 44 here It is ironic – Times 12 September 2000 here The life of a nation – Times 14 September 2000 here or picket lines – Blunkett op. cit. p. 204 here These three men – Daily Mirror 13 September 2000 here I felt that a Tory – Blair op. cit. p. 294 here if this was Thatcher – Campbell op. cit. p. 469 here Although I don’t support – Benn, Free at Last pp. 625–6 here After years of creeping – Mullin, A View from the Foothills p. 127 here I had messed up – Blair op. cit. p. 293 here He is much more – Young op. cit. p. 705 here I should have realised – Blair op. cit. p. 293 here politically it was tone-deaf – Mandelson, The Third Man p. 305 here I don’t know why – Wyatt, Journals Volume 2 pp. 76–7 here mystified as to why – Young op. cit. p. 673 here The instinct to buy – Powell op. cit. p. 43 here RIOT YOBS – Sun 2 May 2000 here THIS WAS – Daily Mirror 2 May 2000 here mindless thugs – Independent 2 May 2000 here I’m not happy – Oborne & Walters, Alastair Campbell p. 208 here politically motivated – Routledge op. cit. p. 267 here At no time – Cohen op. cit. p. 169 here pretty much alone – Blair op. cit. p. 308 here a perceived cover-up – Price op. cit. p. 291 here It’s the end – Oborne & Walters op. cit. p. 263 here The truth is – Mullin op. cit. p. 157 here I spot Geoffrey Robinson – Radice, Diaries 1980–2001 p. 479 here It is an absolute tragedy – Oborne & Walters op. cit. p. 265 here GOODBYE – Sun 25 January 2001 here YOU WERE THE WEAKEST LINK – Daily Mirror 25 January 2001 here There must be more – Mandelson op. cit. p. 313 here the need for a Peter – O’Farrell op. cit. p. 272 here Thank the Lord – Blunkett op. cit. p. 20 here situated near – Blair op. cit. p. 310 here We’ve slaughtered – Mullin op. cit. p. 191 here PLAGUE – Daily Mirror 22 February 2001 here NO MEAT – Express 24 February 2001 here presidential style – Blair op. cit. p. 311 here We have to stop him – Powell op. cit. p. 117 here pretty much lost confidence – Campbell op. cit. p. 514 here All this export – Benn, Free at Last p. 658 here we had to play along – ibid. p. 520 here ten years of success – Routledge op. cit. p. 227 here independence for the Bank – Price op. cit. p. 118 here If I die tomorrow – Campbell op. cit. p. 606 here There’s our part – Independent 13 December 2000 here This government has done – Young op. cit. pp. 648–9 here I suspect that what will – Blunkett op. cit. p. 202 here many achievements – Short, An Honourable Deception?

…

Ruth Winstone), A View from the Foothills: The Diaries of Chris Mullin (Profile, London, 2009 – pbk edn: 2010) Jo-Anne Nadler, William Hague: In His Own Right (Politico’s, London, 2000) James Naughtie, The Rivals: The Intimate Story of a Political Marriage (Fourth Estate, London, 2001 – rev pbk edn: 2002) John Nott, Mr Wonderful Takes a Cruise: The Adventures of an Old Age Pensioner (Ebury Press, London, 2004) Lucy O’Brien, She Bop II (originally published as She Bop, Penguin, London, 1995 – new edn: Continuum, London, 2002) John O’Farrell, Things Can Only Get Better: Eighteen Miserable Years in the Life of a Labour Supporter (Doubleday, London, 1998 – pbk edn: Black Swan, London, 1999) John O’Farrell, Global Village Idiot: Dispatches from the Turn of a Century (Doubleday, London, 2001 – pbk edn: Black Swan, London, 2002) Peter Oborne, The Triumph of the Political Class (Simon & Schuster, London, 2007 – pbk edn: Pocket Books, London, 2008) Peter Oborne & Simon Walters, Alastair Campbell (Aurum, London, 2004) John Osborne, Damn You, England: Collected Prose (Faber & Faber, London, 1994 – pbk edn: 1999) Matthew Parris, Great Parliamentary Scandals: Four Centuries of Calumny, Smear and Innuendo (Robson Books, London, 1995 – rev pbk edn: 1997) Matthew Parris, Off-Message: New Labour, New Sketches (Robson, London, 2001) Tony Parsons, Big Mouth Strikes Again: A Further Collection of Two-Fisted Journalism (André Deutsch, London, 1998 – pbk edn: 1999) Anna Pasternak, Princess in Love (Bloomsbury, London, 1994) Chris Patten, Not Quite the Diplomat: Home Truths about World Affairs (Allen Lane, London, 2005 – pbk edn: Penguin, London, 2006) John Patten, Things to Come: The Tories in the 21st Century (Sinclair-Stevenson, London, 1995) Jeremy Paxman, The English: A Portrait of a People (Michael Joseph, London, 1998 – pbk edn: Penguin, London, 1999) Edward Pearce, The Senate of Lilliput (Faber & Faber, London, 1983) Peter Gerard Pearse & Nigel Matheson, Ken Livingstone, or The End of Civilization as We Know It: A Selection of Quotes, Quips and Quirks (Proteus Books, London, 1982) Harry Pearson, The Far Corner: A Mazy Dribble through North-East Football (Little, Brown, London, 1994 – pbk edn: Warner, London, 1996) Melanie Phillips, All Must Have Prizes (Little, Brown, London, 1996 – rev pbk edn: Warner, London, 1998) Jonathan Powell, The New Machiavelli: How to Wield Power in the Modern World (Bodley Head, London, 2010 – pbk edn: Vintage, London, 2011) John Prescott with Hunter Davies, Prezza: My Story (Headline Review, London, 2008 – pbk edn: Docks to Downing Street: My Story, 2009) Lance Price, The Spin Doctor’s Diary: Inside Number 10 with New Labour (Hodder & Stoughton, London, 2005) Sonia Purnell, Just Boris: The Irresistible Rise of a Political Celebrity (Aurum, London, 2011) Giles Radice, Diaries 1980–2001: From Political Disaster to Election Triumph (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2004) Mac Randall, Exit Music: The Radiohead Story (Omnibus, London, 2000) Amy Raphael, Never Mind the Bollocks: Women Rewrite Rock (Virago, London, 1995) Andrew Rawnsley, Servants of the People: The Inside Story of New Labour (Hamish Hamilton, London, 2000) John Redwood, The Death of Britain?

Does Capitalism Have a Future? by Immanuel Wallerstein, Randall Collins, Michael Mann, Georgi Derluguian, Craig Calhoun, Stephen Hoye, Audible Studios

affirmative action, blood diamond, Bretton Woods, BRICs, British Empire, business cycle, butterfly effect, company town, creative destruction, deindustrialization, demographic transition, Deng Xiaoping, discovery of the americas, distributed generation, Dr. Strangelove, eurozone crisis, fiat currency, financial engineering, full employment, gentrification, Gini coefficient, global village, hydraulic fracturing, income inequality, Isaac Newton, job automation, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, junk bonds, land tenure, liberal capitalism, liquidationism / Banker’s doctrine / the Treasury view, loose coupling, low skilled workers, market bubble, market fundamentalism, mass immigration, means of production, mega-rich, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, mutually assured destruction, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, Ponzi scheme, postindustrial economy, reserve currency, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, short selling, Silicon Valley, South Sea Bubble, sovereign wealth fund, Suez crisis 1956, too big to fail, transaction costs, vertical integration, Washington Consensus, WikiLeaks

Only after 1945 were the former peasants and working classes of the West and Soviet bloc factored into social security and prosperity by their national states. In total, this amounted to several hundred millions of people. But are there now the resources, let alone political will, to factor in several billion people from the global South? Enthusiasts of globalization hail our moving into a global village. This sanguine claim should be evaluated soberly. Cosmopolitanism is a longstanding project that has had its liberal and socialist versions.5 But it means something different as a complement to a world of stable states. And there exist other, more conservative projects for directing globalization that derive their energies from imperialist ambitions, nationalisms, anti-immigrant rejections, religious fundamentalism, and their combinations.

Thinking Machines: The Inside Story of Artificial Intelligence and Our Race to Build the Future by Luke Dormehl

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Ada Lovelace, agricultural Revolution, AI winter, Albert Einstein, Alexey Pajitnov wrote Tetris, algorithmic management, algorithmic trading, AlphaGo, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Apple II, artificial general intelligence, Automated Insights, autonomous vehicles, backpropagation, Bletchley Park, book scanning, borderless world, call centre, cellular automata, Charles Babbage, Claude Shannon: information theory, cloud computing, computer vision, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, correlation does not imply causation, crowdsourcing, deep learning, DeepMind, driverless car, drone strike, Elon Musk, Flash crash, Ford Model T, friendly AI, game design, Geoffrey Hinton, global village, Google X / Alphabet X, Hans Moravec, hive mind, industrial robot, information retrieval, Internet of things, iterative process, Jaron Lanier, John Markoff, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, John von Neumann, Kickstarter, Kodak vs Instagram, Law of Accelerating Returns, life extension, Loebner Prize, machine translation, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, Mustafa Suleyman, natural language processing, Nick Bostrom, Norbert Wiener, out of africa, PageRank, paperclip maximiser, pattern recognition, radical life extension, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, remote working, RFID, scientific management, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia, social intelligence, speech recognition, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Pinker, strong AI, superintelligent machines, tech billionaire, technological singularity, The Coming Technological Singularity, The Future of Employment, Tim Cook: Apple, Tony Fadell, too big to fail, traumatic brain injury, Turing machine, Turing test, Vernor Vinge, warehouse robotics, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!

Jacob Vogelstein, Yorick Wilks. Endnotes Chapter 1: Whatever Happened to Good Old-Fashioned AI? 1 Spicer, Dag, ‘IBM and the 1964 World’s Fair’, Computer History Museum, 2014: computerhistory.org/atchm/ibm-and-1964-worlds-fair/ 2 Barbrook, Richard, Imaginary Future: From Thinking Machines to the Global Village (London: Pluto, 2007). 3 Shroff, Gautam, The Intelligent Web: Search, Smart Algorithms, and Big Data (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2013). 4 Gilgen, Albert, American Psychology Since World War II: A Profile of the Discipline (Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1982). 5 Crevier, Daniel, AI: The Tumultuous History of the Search for Artificial Intelligence (New York: Basic Books, 1993). 6 Brewster, Edwin, Natural Wonders Every Child Should Know (New York: Doubleday, 1912). 7 Copeland, Jack, Turing: Pioneer of the Information Age (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2012). 8 Nilsson, Nils, The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements (Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010). 9 Holehouse, Matthew, ‘Ed Miliband Proposes Turing’s Law to Pardon Convicted Gay Men’, Telegraph, 3 March 2015: telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/ed-miliband/11446543/Ed-Miliband-proposes-Turings-Law-to-pardon-convicted-gay-men.html 10 Kurzweil, Ray, The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology (New York: Viking, 2005). 11 McCorduck, Pamela, Machines Who Think: A Personal Inquiry into the History and Prospects of Artificial Intelligence (San Francisco: W.

The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding From You by Eli Pariser

A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, A Pattern Language, adjacent possible, Amazon Web Services, An Inconvenient Truth, Apple Newton, augmented reality, back-to-the-land, Black Swan, borderless world, Build a better mousetrap, Cass Sunstein, citizen journalism, cloud computing, cognitive dissonance, crowdsourcing, Danny Hillis, data acquisition, disintermediation, don't be evil, Filter Bubble, Flash crash, fundamental attribution error, Gabriella Coleman, global village, Haight Ashbury, Internet of things, Isaac Newton, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, John Perry Barlow, Kevin Kelly, knowledge worker, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, megacity, Metcalfe’s law, Netflix Prize, new economy, PageRank, Paradox of Choice, Patri Friedman, paypal mafia, Peter Thiel, power law, recommendation engine, RFID, Robert Metcalfe, sentiment analysis, shareholder value, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, social graph, social software, social web, speech recognition, Startup school, statistical model, stem cell, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, technoutopianism, Ted Nordhaus, The future is already here, the scientific method, urban planning, We are as Gods, Whole Earth Catalog, WikiLeaks, Y Combinator, Yochai Benkler

In fact, this idea was the core of his thesis in The Lexus and the Olive Tree: “The Internet is going to be like a huge vise that takes the globalization system ... and keeps tightening and tightening that system around everyone, in ways that will only make the world smaller and smaller and faster and faster with each passing day.” Friedman seemed to have in mind a kind of global village in which kids in Africa and executives in New York would build a community together. But that’s not what’s happening: Our virtual next-door neighbors look more and more like our real-world neighbors, and our real-world neighbors look more and more like us. We’re getting a lot of bonding but very little bridging.

In the Land of Invented Languages: Adventures in Linguistic Creativity, Madness, and Genius by Arika Okrent

British Empire, centre right, global village, Johannes Kepler, PalmPilot, Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, slashdot, software patent, Stephen Hawking

It might even be seen as a treatment of a disease we didn't know we had! LLL, the disease of “logical language limitation,” or UNM of “unnecessarily narrowed minds” … And wouldn't Loglan itself then be seen as the gentle new cure for that ancient human malady? … An antidote for the bigotry with which even “civilized people” tend to view their neighbors in the global village? … This is what is very likely to happen given what the journalists will call a “positive” outcome of our Whorfian experiment … Backed up by such a result, Loglan would probably be seen as ideal in the role of that international auxiliary, for example: the first language to be taught to the world's school children, the one slated to become everybody's second tongue … our engineered new second-language would be seen as the mind-expander, the instrument of thought, reason, invention, and exposition … and perhaps also the medium of intercultural mediation, a culture-spanning bridge to a more tolerant and peaceful world.

Shadow Work: The Unpaid, Unseen Jobs That Fill Your Day by Craig Lambert

airline deregulation, Asperger Syndrome, banking crisis, Barry Marshall: ulcers, big-box store, business cycle, carbon footprint, cashless society, Clayton Christensen, cognitive dissonance, collective bargaining, Community Supported Agriculture, corporate governance, crowdsourcing, data science, disintermediation, disruptive innovation, emotional labour, fake it until you make it, financial independence, Galaxy Zoo, ghettoisation, gig economy, global village, helicopter parent, IKEA effect, industrial robot, informal economy, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, Mark Zuckerberg, new economy, off-the-grid, pattern recognition, plutocrats, pneumatic tube, recommendation engine, Schrödinger's Cat, Silicon Valley, single-payer health, statistical model, the strength of weak ties, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thorstein Veblen, Turing test, unpaid internship, Vanguard fund, Vilfredo Pareto, you are the product, zero-sum game, Zipcar

Unrest and violence throughout the Arab world have erupted from streets teeming with young men lacking jobs—angry youths who congregate online through social media. Such mobs can become unruly. In 2003, the dissolution of the Iraqi army put 400,000 young men out of work, triggering a bloody insurgency that still continues. In today’s global village, where citizens network and congregate in political flashmobs, we cannot risk creating an immense underclass of idle youth. Yet this is exactly what we are doing. Young people aged fifteen to twenty-four make up 17 percent of the global population but 40 percent of the unemployed, according to the World Economic Forum.

Makers by Chris Anderson

3D printing, Airbnb, Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic, Apple II, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, Buckminster Fuller, Build a better mousetrap, business process, carbon tax, commoditize, company town, Computer Numeric Control, crowdsourcing, dark matter, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, deal flow, death of newspapers, dematerialisation, digital capitalism, DIY culture, drop ship, Elon Musk, factory automation, Firefox, Ford Model T, future of work, global supply chain, global village, hockey-stick growth, hype cycle, IKEA effect, industrial robot, interchangeable parts, Internet of things, inventory management, James Hargreaves, James Watt: steam engine, Jeff Bezos, job automation, Joseph Schumpeter, Kickstarter, Lean Startup, manufacturing employment, Mark Zuckerberg, means of production, Menlo Park, Neal Stephenson, Network effects, planned obsolescence, private spaceflight, profit maximization, QR code, race to the bottom, Richard Feynman, Ronald Coase, Rubik’s Cube, Scaled Composites, self-driving car, Sheryl Sandberg, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, slashdot, South of Market, San Francisco, SpaceShipOne, spinning jenny, Startup school, stem cell, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, supply-chain management, the long tail, The Nature of the Firm, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, TikTok, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, trickle-down economics, vertical integration, Virgin Galactic, Whole Earth Catalog, X Prize, Y Combinator

Every time I download some design from the Web and print something on my MakerBot without going to a store or otherwise engaging in any commercial transaction at all, I wonder how long it will take before more of the world of atoms becomes free, like most of the world of bits already has. (I wrote a book about this economic model, too, which now hardly needs explaining as we are awash in free digital goods.)54 Take, for instance, Open Source Ecology, which is an online community creating a “Global Village Construction Set.” These are open-source designs for the fifty machines necessary to “build a small civilization with modern comforts,” ranging from a small sawmill to a micro-combine for harvesting. This hearkens back to the Israeli kibbutz model of self-sufficiency, which was forged in a period of need and philosophical belief in collective action, or to Gandhi’s model of village industrial independence in India.

What's Wrong With Economics: A Primer for the Perplexed by Robert Skidelsky

additive manufacturing, agricultural Revolution, behavioural economics, Black Swan, Bretton Woods, business cycle, carbon tax, Cass Sunstein, central bank independence, cognitive bias, conceptual framework, Corn Laws, corporate social responsibility, correlation does not imply causation, creative destruction, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, degrowth, disruptive innovation, Donald Trump, Dr. Strangelove, full employment, George Akerlof, George Santayana, global supply chain, global village, Gunnar Myrdal, happiness index / gross national happiness, hindsight bias, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, index fund, inflation targeting, information asymmetry, Internet Archive, invisible hand, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Arrow, knowledge economy, labour market flexibility, loss aversion, Mahbub ul Haq, Mark Zuckerberg, market clearing, market friction, market fundamentalism, Martin Wolf, means of production, Modern Monetary Theory, moral hazard, paradox of thrift, Pareto efficiency, Paul Samuelson, Philip Mirowski, Phillips curve, precariat, price anchoring, principal–agent problem, rent-seeking, Richard Thaler, road to serfdom, Robert Shiller, Robert Solow, Ronald Coase, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, sunk-cost fallacy, survivorship bias, technoutopianism, The Chicago School, The Market for Lemons, The Nature of the Firm, the scientific method, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, transfer pricing, Vilfredo Pareto, Washington Consensus, Wolfgang Streeck, zero-sum game

A temporary escape only is offered by ‘charismatic’ leaders, who ‘set new goals and open up new paths for societies hampered by political stagnation and bureaucratic routine’.15 Since Weber’s time, the world of custom has shrunk relative to the world of ‘business’. Modern life has become increasingly ‘transactional’. The ideology of homo economicus together with digital technology suck people out of local communities, and even nations, into a ‘global village’. The student of economics needs to balance the economist’s enthusiasm for ever-widening markets against the sociological insight that this can be highly disruptive to settled ways of life. Without a sociological imagination, we cannot hope to understand the political revolt of today’s ‘left-behinds’.

12 Bytes: How We Got Here. Where We Might Go Next by Jeanette Winterson

"Margaret Hamilton" Apollo, "World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, Ada Lovelace, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, Alignment Problem, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Anthropocene, Apollo 11, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, artificial general intelligence, Asilomar, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, basic income, Big Tech, bitcoin, Bletchley Park, blockchain, Boston Dynamics, call centre, Cambridge Analytica, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, cashless society, Charles Babbage, computer age, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, coronavirus, COVID-19, CRISPR, cryptocurrency, dark matter, Dava Sobel, David Graeber, deep learning, deskilling, digital rights, discovery of DNA, Dominic Cummings, Donald Trump, double helix, driverless car, Elon Musk, fake news, flying shuttle, friendly AI, gender pay gap, global village, Grace Hopper, Gregor Mendel, hive mind, housing crisis, Internet of things, Isaac Newton, Jacquard loom, James Hargreaves, Jeff Bezos, Johannes Kepler, John von Neumann, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, Kickstarter, Large Hadron Collider, life extension, lockdown, lone genius, Mark Zuckerberg, means of production, microdosing, more computing power than Apollo, move fast and break things, natural language processing, Nick Bostrom, Norbert Wiener, off grid, OpenAI, operation paperclip, packet switching, Peter Thiel, pink-collar, Plato's cave, public intellectual, QAnon, QWERTY keyboard, Ray Kurzweil, rewilding, ride hailing / ride sharing, Rutger Bregman, Sam Altman, self-driving car, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Skype, Snapchat, SoftBank, SpaceX Starlink, speech recognition, spinning jenny, stem cell, Stephen Hawking, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Steven Pinker, superintelligent machines, surveillance capitalism, synthetic biology, systems thinking, tech billionaire, tech worker, TED Talk, telepresence, telepresence robot, TikTok, trade route, Turing test, universal basic income, Virgin Galactic, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, women in the workforce, Y Combinator

Penalising less ‘good’ behaviour includes refusal of plane and train ticket purchase. It might mean a cab won’t pick you up, but the driver will collect your credit-worthy neighbour. When we are talking about paying taxes, or complying with probation orders, or curbing yobs, a social credit score sounds like a bright idea. It’s the global-village version of the real village – where people knew their neighbours, knew who to trust, and who to avoid. It’s how we’d prefer to live – not anonymous and mistrustful. In the know. That’s what data can offer, isn’t it? Information? Give an ideal an algorithm, though, and it easily becomes a tool for coercion and control.

What's Mine Is Yours: How Collaborative Consumption Is Changing the Way We Live by Rachel Botsman, Roo Rogers

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Abraham Maslow, Airbnb, Apollo 13, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, Bernie Madoff, bike sharing, Buckminster Fuller, business logic, buy and hold, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, collaborative consumption, collaborative economy, commoditize, Community Supported Agriculture, credit crunch, crowdsourcing, dematerialisation, disintermediation, en.wikipedia.org, experimental economics, Ford Model T, Garrett Hardin, George Akerlof, global village, hedonic treadmill, Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, information retrieval, intentional community, iterative process, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, late fees, Mark Zuckerberg, market design, Menlo Park, Network effects, new economy, new new economy, out of africa, Paradox of Choice, Parkinson's law, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer lending, peer-to-peer rental, planned obsolescence, Ponzi scheme, pre–internet, public intellectual, recommendation engine, RFID, Richard Stallman, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robert Shiller, Ronald Coase, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, SETI@home, Simon Kuznets, Skype, slashdot, smart grid, South of Market, San Francisco, Stewart Brand, systems thinking, TED Talk, the long tail, The Nature of the Firm, The Spirit Level, the strength of weak ties, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thorstein Veblen, Torches of Freedom, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, traveling salesman, ultimatum game, Victor Gruen, web of trust, women in the workforce, work culture , Yochai Benkler, Zipcar

Charles Leadbeater poses a provocative question in his book We-Think: “What will happen when the networks created by the geeks combine with the traditions and habits of millions of people who were until recently rural peasants?”23 New online and off-line marketplaces are forming where people can once again “meet” in a global village and form nonlocal trust. We have returned to a time when if you do something wrong or embarrassing, the whole community will know. Free riders, vandals, and abusers are easily weeded out, just as openness, trust, and reciprocity are encouraged and rewarded. As we shall show over the next few chapters, when personal relationships and social capital return to the center of the exchanges, peer-to-peer trust is relatively easy to create and manage, and most of the time the trust is strengthened, not broken.

White City, Black City: Architecture and War in Tel Aviv and Jaffa by Sharon Rotbard

British Empire, Buckminster Fuller, continuation of politics by other means, European colonialism, gentrification, global village, Great Leap Forward, housing crisis, illegal immigration, megastructure, New Urbanism, Pearl River Delta, Peter Eisenman, The future is already here, trade route, urban planning, urban renewal