the market place

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The Trade Lifecycle: Behind the Scenes of the Trading Process (The Wiley Finance Series) by Robert P. Baker

asset-backed security, bank run, banking crisis, Basel III, Black-Scholes formula, book value, Brownian motion, business continuity plan, business logic, business process, collapse of Lehman Brothers, corporate governance, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, diversification, financial engineering, fixed income, functional programming, global macro, hiring and firing, implied volatility, interest rate derivative, interest rate swap, locking in a profit, London Interbank Offered Rate, low interest rates, margin call, market clearing, millennium bug, place-making, prediction markets, proprietary trading, short selling, statistical model, stochastic process, the market place, the payments system, time value of money, too big to fail, transaction costs, value at risk, Wiener process, yield curve, zero-coupon bond

They are sometimes referred to as the ‘sell side’ of the industry because they are supplying products for the market place. Investment banks are active in trading activities in order to: 1. Service their clients The clients come to the bank with requirements that are satisfied by trading. The bank can either act as the middleman or broker to execute trades on behalf of the client who has no access to counterparties or it can trade directly with the client and either absorb the trade or deal an equal and opposite trade (known as back-to-back) in the market place, making a profit by enjoying lower trade costs. 2. Proprietary trading Most investment banks have proprietary (or ‘prop’) desks with the aim of using the bank’s resources to make profit.

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Such options may trade regularly with a three and six-month maturity, but not the exact maturity of the trade. The basic product (call options on BT) is liquid, but the specific trade is not. No prices available For complicated or illiquid trades there may be no equivalent trade available in the market place and so mark-to-market is impossible. To take the 340 THE TRADE LIFECYCLE car example, if I owned a car which I customised in some way so that very few cars like it were available in the market place, I would not be able to get a direct valuation. I would have to estimate how much difference my modification had made to the price of the standard model and add that to the standard model price.

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He does however take a keen interest in the apple market, understands the factors affecting it such as weather, blight and consumer demands and can therefore offer financial products to both buyers and sellers of apples and take profit in order to help them offset their risk. The facilitator brings all of the market participants together hence creating a market place for apples and financial products based on apples. 54 THE TRADE LIFECYCLE Typical activities in the market place might be: buying and selling apples now buying and selling apples at a later date for a fixed price options to buy and sell apples later insurance against apples not being grown (because of bad weather etc) or not being available (due to high demand). Let’s consider how one of the market participants, the grower, can take advantage of financial products in apples.

The Enigma of Capital: And the Crises of Capitalism by David Harvey

accounting loophole / creative accounting, Alan Greenspan, anti-communist, Asian financial crisis, bank run, banking crisis, Bernie Madoff, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business climate, call centre, capital controls, cotton gin, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, deskilling, equal pay for equal work, European colonialism, failed state, financial innovation, Frank Gehry, full employment, gentrification, Glass-Steagall Act, global reserve currency, Google Earth, Great Leap Forward, Guggenheim Bilbao, Gunnar Myrdal, guns versus butter model, Herbert Marcuse, illegal immigration, indoor plumbing, interest rate swap, invention of the steam engine, Jane Jacobs, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, Just-in-time delivery, land reform, liquidity trap, Long Term Capital Management, market bubble, means of production, megacity, microcredit, military-industrial complex, Money creation, moral hazard, mortgage debt, Myron Scholes, new economy, New Urbanism, Northern Rock, oil shale / tar sands, peak oil, Pearl River Delta, place-making, Ponzi scheme, precariat, reserve currency, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, sharing economy, Shenzhen special economic zone , Silicon Valley, special drawing rights, special economic zone, statistical arbitrage, structural adjustment programs, subprime mortgage crisis, technological determinism, the built environment, the market place, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, Timothy McVeigh, too big to fail, trickle-down economics, urban renewal, urban sprawl, vertical integration, white flight, women in the workforce

In this case the capitalist starts the day with a certain amount of money, and, having selected a technology and organisational form, goes into the market place and buys the requisite amounts of labour power and means of production (raw materials, physical plant, intermediate products, machinery, energy and the like). The labour power is combined with the means of production through an active labour process conducted under the supervision of the capitalist. The result is a commodity that is sold by its owner, the capitalist, in the market place for a profit. The next day, the capitalist, for reasons that will shortly become apparent, takes a portion of yesterday’s profit, converts it into fresh capital and begins the process anew on an expanded scale.

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This reserve army needs to be accessible, socialised, disciplined and of the requisite qualities (i.e. flexible, docile, manipulable and skilled when necessary). If these conditions are not met, then capital faces a serious barrier to continuous accumulation. The dispossession of the mass of the population from direct access to the means of production (land in particular) releases labour power as a commodity into the market place. Marx’s account of so-called ‘primitive accumulation’ may be overdramatised and oversimplified but its essential truth is undeniable. Somehow or other the mass of a population has been put in a position of having to work for capital in order to live. Primitive accumulation did not end with the rise of industrial capitalism in Britain in the late eighteenth century.

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They can also support investing in improvements to the qualities of labour supply through health care, education and housing and ultimately, as did Henry Ford when he moved to establish a $5 dollar 8-hour day in the 1920s, propose higher wages and rationalised worker consumption as a means to ensure a stronger effective demand in the market place. The role of state power in relation to such struggles is by no means fixed. To be sure, if labour is too well organised and too powerful in a particular location, then the capitalist class will seek to command the state apparatus to do its bidding, as happened, noted earlier, with Pinochet, Reagan, Thatcher, Kohl et al.

The Rough Guide to England by Rough Guides

active transport: walking or cycling, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, Apollo 11, bike sharing, Bletchley Park, Bob Geldof, Boris Johnson, Brexit referendum, British Empire, car-free, Columbine, company town, congestion charging, Corn Laws, country house hotel, Crossrail, deindustrialization, Downton Abbey, Edmond Halley, Etonian, food miles, gentrification, Great Leap Forward, haute cuisine, housing crisis, Isaac Newton, James Watt: steam engine, Jeremy Corbyn, John Harrison: Longitude, Kickstarter, low cost airline, Neil Kinnock, offshore financial centre, period drama, plutocrats, Suez canal 1869, Suez crisis 1956, the market place, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, University of East Anglia, upwardly mobile, urban sprawl

Corinium Museum Park St, GL7 2BX • Mon–Sat 10am–5pm, Sun 2–5pm; Nov–March closes 4pm • £5.40 • 01285 655611, coriniummuseum.org West of the Market Place, the sleek Corinium Museum is devoted to the history of the town from Roman to Victorian times. The collection of Romano-British antiquities is particularly fine, including wonderful mosaic pavements. Other highlights include a trove of Bronze Age gold and an excellent video on Cotswold life in the Iron Age. New Brewery Arts Centre Brewery Court, off Cricklade St, GL7 1JH • Mon–Sat 9am–5pm; April–Dec also Sun 10am–4pm • Free • 01285 657181, newbreweryarts.org.uk Just south of the Market Place, the New Brewery Arts Centre is occupied by more than a dozen resident artists whose studios you can visit and whose work you can buy in the shop.

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Opposite, just across the street to the north, is former Ossington Coffee Palace, a flashy structure whose Tudor appearance is entirely fraudulent – it was built in the 1880s as a temperance hotel by a local bigwig, in an effort to save drinkers from themselves. From here, it’s just a couple of minutes’ walk east through a network of narrow lanes and alleys to the Market Place, an expansive square framed by attractive Georgian and Victorian facades. Church of St Mary Magdalene Church Walk, NG24 1JS • Mon–Sat 8.30am–4pm, but often closed for lunch; May–Sept also Sun noon–4pm • Free • 01636 706473 Standing just off the Market Place, the mostly thirteenth-century church of St Mary Magdalene is a handsome if badly weathered structure whose massive spire (236ft) soars high above the town centre.

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Henley-on-Thames Three counties – Oxfordshire, Berkshire and Buckinghamshire – meet at HENLEY-ON-THAMES, long a favourite stopping place for travellers between London and Oxford. Nowadays, Henley is a good-looking, affluent commuter town at its prettiest among the old brick and stone buildings that flank the short main drag, Hart Street. At one end of Hart Street is the Market Place and its fetching Town Hall, while at the other stand the easy Georgian curves of Henley Bridge. Overlooking the bridge is the parish church of St Mary, whose square tower sports a set of little turrets worked in chequerboard flint and stone. River and Rowing Museum Mill Meadows, RG9 1BF • Daily 10am–5pm • £12.50 • 01491 415600, rrm.co.uk A five-minute walk south along the riverbank from the foot of Hart Street lies Henley’s imaginative River and Rowing Museum.

The Complete Novels Of George Orwell by George Orwell

British Empire, fixed income, gentleman farmer, Machine translation of "The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak." to Russian and back, pneumatic tube, the market place, traveling salesman, union organizing, white flight

This was Binfield House (‘The Hall’, everybody called it), and the top of the hill was known as Upper Binfield, though there was no village there and hadn’t been for a hundred years or more. I must have been nearly seven before I noticed the existence of Binfield House. When you’re very small you don’t look into the distance. But by that time I knew every inch of the town, which was shaped roughly like a cross with the market-place in the middle. Our shop was in the High Street a little before you got to the market-place, and on the corner there was Mrs Wheeler’s sweet-shop where you spent a halfpenny when you had one. Mother Wheeler was a dirty old witch and people suspected her of sucking the bull’s-eyes and putting them back in the bottle, though this was never proved.

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Behind the houses you could see the chimneys of the brewery. In the middle of the market-place there was the stone horse-trough, and on top of the water there was always a fine film of dust and chaff. Before the war, and especially before the Boer War, it was summer all the year round. I’m quite aware that that’s a delusion. I’m merely trying to tell you how things come back to me. If I shut my eyes and think of Lower Binfield any time before I was, say, eight, it’s always in summer weather that I remember it. Either it’s the market-place at dinner-time, with a sort of sleepy dusty hush over everything and the carrier’s horse with his nose dug well into his nosebag, munching away, or it’s a hot afternoon in the great green juicy meadows round the town, or it’s about dusk in the lane behind the allotments, and there’s a smell of pipe-tobacco and night-stocks floating through the hedge.

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Another couple of hundred yards and I’d be in the market-place. The old shop was down the other end of the High Street. I’d go there after lunch–I was going to put up at the George. And every inch a memory! I knew all the shops, though all the names had changed, and the stuff they dealt in had mostly changed as well. There’s Lovegrove’s! And there’s Todd’s! And a big dark shop with beams and dormer windows. Used to be Lilywhite’s the draper’s, where Elsie used to work. And Grimmett’s! Still a grocer’s apparently. Now for the horse-trough in the market-place. There was another car ahead of me and I couldn’t see.

The Hour of Fate by Susan Berfield

bank run, buy and hold, capital controls, collective bargaining, company town, Cornelius Vanderbilt, death from overwork, friendly fire, Howard Zinn, Ida Tarbell, income inequality, new economy, plutocrats, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Simon Kuznets, strikebreaker, the market place, transcontinental railway, wage slave, working poor

Honorable Justice: The Life of Oliver Wendell Holmes. Lexington, MA: Plunkett Lake Press, 1989. Noyes, Alexander Dana. Forty Years of American Finance: A Short Financial History of the Government and People of the U.S. since the Civil War, 1865–1907. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1909. ________. The Market Place: Reminiscences of a Financial Editor. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company, 1938. Oberholtzer, Ellis Paxon. Jay Cooke: Financier of the Civil War. Vol. 2. Philadelphia, PA: George W. Jacobs & Co., 1907. Painter, Nell Irvin. Standing at Armageddon: A Grassroots History of the Progressive Era.

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Be worth double: Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789–1945, 296. 15. A courier had earlier: Albro Martin, James J. Hill and the Opening of the Northwest, 427. 16. Morgan put on: Morgan’s reaction described in “Leaders of Finance Amazed,” New York Times, September 7, 1901, 3; “Financiers Shocked,” New York Tribune, September 7, 1901, 5; Alexander Dana Noyes, The Market Place: Reminiscences of a Financial Editor, 215. 17. McKinley was put under: Details of the operation drawn from “The Case of President McKinley,” Boston Medical and Surgical Journal (now New England Journal of Medicine) CXLV, no. 17 (October 12 1901): 451–57; “Report of the Medical Department of the Pan-American Expo, Buffalo 1901,” Buffalo Medical Journal, December 1901. 18.

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It was responsible: Strouse, Morgan: American Financier, 404; employment number, Craig Phelan, Divided Loyalties: The Public and Private Life of Labor Leader John Mitchell, 135; Philip S. Forner, History of the Labor Movement in the United States, 78. 17. Orders came from: Alexander Dana Noyes, The Market Place: Reminiscences of a Financial Editor, 191. 18. So many checks: John Winkler, Morgan the Magnificent, 197–98. 19. “Mr. Morgan’s power”: “J. Pierpont Morgan Dazzles Mr. McKinley,” The World, March 9, 1901. 20. “Pierpont Morgan is”: Henry Adams to Elizabeth Cameron, February 11, 1901, Letters of Henry Adams, vol. 5: 199. 21.

Barometer of Fear: An Insider's Account of Rogue Trading and the Greatest Banking Scandal in History by Alexis Stenfors

Alan Greenspan, Asian financial crisis, asset-backed security, bank run, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, bonus culture, capital controls, collapse of Lehman Brothers, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, eurozone crisis, financial deregulation, financial innovation, fixed income, foreign exchange controls, game design, Gordon Gekko, inflation targeting, information asymmetry, interest rate derivative, interest rate swap, London Interbank Offered Rate, loss aversion, mental accounting, millennium bug, Nick Leeson, Northern Rock, oil shock, Post-Keynesian economics, price stability, profit maximization, proprietary trading, regulatory arbitrage, reserve currency, Rubik’s Cube, Snapchat, Suez crisis 1956, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, too big to fail, transaction costs, work culture , Y2K

One by one, these prices would be shouted across the dealing room to the chief dealer, who would then decide what to do and would shout back ‘Mine!’, ‘Yours!’ or ‘Thanks, but nothing there!’ We would then immediately repeat ‘Mine!’, ‘Yours!’ or ‘Thanks, but nothing there!’ to the person on the other line. Clients were referred to as market or price ‘takers’, referring to how they approached the market place. We and our competitors, on the other hand, were market or price ‘makers’, as we quoted the prices they could trade at. One of the key requirements to becoming a member of the market-making club was that you always had to quote two-way prices to the other club members: a bid and an offer at the same time.

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The bank can lower the interest rate it charges on its loans, which is linked to LIBOR. Households with mortgages gain. Companies can borrow at lower interest rates, invest more and create more jobs. And so on. Despite the success story of the exchange-traded LIBOR-based derivatives, such as Eurodollar futures, it was the OTC derivatives market that truly changed the market place. This was the largely unregulated market for interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives that always involved two counterparties: a bank and a client, or, more frequently, a bank and another bank. OTC derivatives, such as IRSs, CRSs, FRAs, caps and floors differed from exchange-traded derivatives in the sense that they were much less standardised and could be tailor-made to suit the needs and wants of those involved in the transaction.

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The ability to participate in auctions or to be a vehicle through which interventions take place is often profitable, but sometimes also loss making. The information, however, is useful. If you cannot profit from it directly, it is still perceived to be valuable, as others not belonging to the club might think you know something they don’t. This enhances your reputation tremendously in the market place. When I was working for HSBC in Stockholm, we were desperate to become primary dealers in government bonds. Being part of the T-bill club was not enough. Some of our sales people even complained that their customers refused to trade with us unless we also joined the bond club. The information they got from the primary dealers was superior to what we had to offer.

Free Market Missionaries: The Corporate Manipulation of Community Values by Sharon Beder

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, Alan Greenspan, anti-communist, battle of ideas, business climate, Cornelius Vanderbilt, corporate governance, electricity market, en.wikipedia.org, full employment, Herbert Marcuse, Ida Tarbell, income inequality, invisible hand, junk bonds, liquidationism / Banker’s doctrine / the Treasury view, minimum wage unemployment, Mont Pelerin Society, new economy, old-boy network, popular capitalism, Powell Memorandum, price mechanism, profit motive, Ralph Nader, rent control, risk/return, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, school vouchers, shareholder value, spread of share-ownership, structural adjustment programs, The Chicago School, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, Torches of Freedom, trade liberalization, traveling salesman, trickle-down economics, two and twenty, Upton Sinclair, Washington Consensus, wealth creators, young professional

The supply-siders will always have a safe haven in the world of Free Enterprise Institutes and Centers for the Study of Capitalism, outlets in the pages of Forbes and the Wall Street Journal, and new recruits who never tire of saying the same things again and again.33 Similarly, Sidney Blumenthal, in his book The Rise of the Counter-Establishment, argued that supply-side economics ‘travelled from lunatic panacea to official catechism in a few short years’.34 It also had popular appeal because of its ‘have your cake and eat it too’ message: Supply-side economics provided the theoretical underpinnings for oldfashioned optimism. The doctrine restated the free-market myth with verve and originality. In an era when the ‘limits to growth’ were proclaimed, the gnostic supply-siders made claims to knowing the secret of endless wealth: the magic of the market place . . . a theory for the multitude of go-getters, promising that the cornucopia was bottomless.35 This optimism helped Ronald Reagan to get elected, despite George Bush labelling supply-side theories as ‘voodoo economics’ when he was a rival candidate for presidential nomination in the 1980 primaries.

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Without market pressures, government managers have no incentive to reduce waste or become economically efficient. In this way, governments tend to oversupply public goods, or supply them in a wasteful way. However, critics do not accept the assumption that motivations in the political sphere are the same as those in the market place. Surveys seem to back this up: In almost every case there is a relationship between the way the individual views the state of the economy or the competence of the government and how she votes; but little relationship between her vote and her personal financial status . . . Of course the voter will hope that what is best for the PRO-BUSINESS POLICIES AS IDEOLOGY 105 national prosperity will also in due course benefit him or herself but this is a different kind of judgement from ‘pocketbook voting’.52 Ideology, which also plays a key role in politics, cannot easily be explained in terms of self-interest.

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Politicians and government officials therefore look to experts in the think tanks to interpret and make sense of all that information. This gives rise to a set of policy entrepreneurs based in think tanks who usually have the coherent vision that politicians lack, particularly the conservative think tanks that promote the market place as an alternative to big government.36 Corporate-funded neoconservative think tanks proliferated and expanded in the US in the 1970s, promoting the free market and campaigning against big government and government regulation. Their explicit political goals caused them to be referred to as advocacy think tanks.

Branding Your Business: Promoting Your Business, Attracting Customers and Standing Out in the Market Place by James Hammond

Abraham Maslow, Albert Einstein, call centre, Donald Trump, intangible asset, James Dyson, Jeff Bezos, low interest rates, market design, Nelson Mandela, Pepsi Challenge, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Steve Jobs, the market place

Well-written, clearly structured, and packed full of sound advice, James has produced an outstanding and intelligent guide to branding in the 21st century.” Roderick Wilkes, CEO, The Chartered Institute of Marketing E N T E R P R I S E S E R I E S Branding Your Business Promoting your business, attracting customers and standing out in the market place James Hammond Branding Your Business THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ii Branding Your Business Promoting your business, attracting customers and standing out in the market place James Hammond London and Philadelphia Publisher’s note Every possible effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is accurate at the time of going to press, and the publishers and author cannot accept responsibility for any errors or omissions, however caused.

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ISBN 978 0 7494 5073 1 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hammond, James, 1952– Branding your business : promoting your business, attracting customers, and standing out in the market place / James Hammond. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7494-5073-1 1. Branding (Marketing)– –Management. 2. Consumer behavior. 3. Brand name products– –Psychological aspects. 4. Senses and sensation. 5. Communication in marketing. I. Title. HF5415.1255.H36 2008 658.8'27– –dc22 2007047429 Typeset by JS Typesetting Ltd, Porthcawl, Mid Glamorgan Printed and bound in India by Replika Press Pvt Ltd Contents Acknowledgements About the author ix xi Introduction 1 Part 1 Nothing but the brand 5 1.

Common Stocks and Uncommon Profits and Other Writings by Philip A. Fisher

book value, business climate, business cycle, buy and hold, data science, El Camino Real, estate planning, fixed income, index fund, low interest rates, market bubble, market fundamentalism, profit motive, RAND corporation, Salesforce, the market place, transaction costs, vertical integration

Informed chemical businessmen would not give this kind of award in the industry to a company that did not have the research departments to keep developing worthwhile new products and the chemical engineers to produce them profitably. Secondly, this type of award will leave its impression on the investment community. Nothing is more desirable for stockholders than the influence on share prices of an upward trend of earnings multiplied by a comparable upward trend in the way each dollar of such earnings is valued in the market place, as I mentioned in my concluding remarks about this company in the original edition. Other matters besides the introduction of new products and the problems of starting complex plants can also open up buying opportunities in the unusual company. For example, a Middle Western electronic company was, among other things, well known for its unusual and excellent labor relations.

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Furthermore, since by definition he is only buying into a situation which for one reason or another is about to have a worthwhile increase in its earning power in the near- or medium-term future, he has a second element of support. Just as his stock would have risen more than the average stock when this new source of earning power became recognized in the market place if business had remained good, so if by bad fortune he has made his new purchase just prior to a general market break this same new source of earnings should prevent these shares from declining quite as much as other stocks of the same general type. However, many investors are not in the happy position of having a backlog of well-chosen investments bought comfortably below present prices.

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But most important of all, as already discussed in an earlier chapter, the corporation of today is a very different thing from what it used to be. For the reasons already explained, today's corporation is designed to be far more suitable as an investment medium for those desiring long-range growth than as a vehicle for in-and-out trading. All this has profoundly changed the market place. It undoubtedly represents tremendous improvement—improvement, however, at the expense of marketability. The liquidity of the average stock has decreased rather than increased. In spite of breathtaking economic growth and a seemingly endless procession of stock splits, the volume of trading on the New York Stock Exchange has declined.

Battle: The Story of the Bulge by John Toland

always be closing, Mason jar, the market place

But as his tanks approached the center of Stavelot heavy bazooka fire broke out. The first tank spun out of control into a house. Then the roar of antitank guns came from the market place. Two more German tanks burst into flames. Peiper angrily ordered a task force to detach itself from the main column, blast through the nest of resistance in the market place and secure the right flank. Then he ordered the main group to head west toward Trois Ponts and the Meuse. Over an hour had been senselessly lost already. The market place was defended by a company of infantrymen and a platoon of tank destroyers, commanded by Major Paul J. Sollis. They had entered Stavelot at 4 a.m.

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But by dawn none of the reinforcing American units was as yet a threat to Kampfgruppe Peiper as it stood poised at the southern outskirts of Stavelot, only 25 air miles from its goal, the Meuse River. Peiper's men had bivouacked on the heights just south of the Ambleve River. First they would cross to the north bank over an ancient stone bridge, into the center of Stavelot, an industrial town of 3,000. After a hundred yards they would reach the market place and the main highway to the west. They would turn sharp left onto this road and continue to the next town on their route, Trois Ponts. Peiper's primary concern was the stone bridge. The night before an attempt to cross had brought a volley of rifle fire. But no matter how strongly defended, the bridge had to be seized before the Amis blew it up.

Trading and Exchanges: Market Microstructure for Practitioners by Larry Harris

active measures, Andrei Shleifer, AOL-Time Warner, asset allocation, automated trading system, barriers to entry, Bernie Madoff, Bob Litterman, book value, business cycle, buttonwood tree, buy and hold, compound rate of return, computerized trading, corporate governance, correlation coefficient, data acquisition, diversified portfolio, equity risk premium, fault tolerance, financial engineering, financial innovation, financial intermediation, fixed income, floating exchange rates, High speed trading, index arbitrage, index fund, information asymmetry, information retrieval, information security, interest rate swap, invention of the telegraph, job automation, junk bonds, law of one price, London Interbank Offered Rate, Long Term Capital Management, margin call, market bubble, market clearing, market design, market fragmentation, market friction, market microstructure, money market fund, Myron Scholes, National best bid and offer, Nick Leeson, open economy, passive investing, pattern recognition, payment for order flow, Ponzi scheme, post-materialism, price discovery process, price discrimination, principal–agent problem, profit motive, proprietary trading, race to the bottom, random walk, Reminiscences of a Stock Operator, rent-seeking, risk free rate, risk tolerance, risk-adjusted returns, search costs, selection bias, shareholder value, short selling, short squeeze, Small Order Execution System, speech recognition, statistical arbitrage, statistical model, survivorship bias, the market place, transaction costs, two-sided market, vertical integration, winner-take-all economy, yield curve, zero-coupon bond, zero-sum game

We assume that the limit order book was empty at the start of trading. 1. At 10:01, Bea submits the first order. The market cannot match it with any other order because no standing orders are in the book. The market places Bea’s order to buy 3 limit 20.0 in the book. The market quote is now 20.0 bid for 3, no offer. 2. At 10:05, Sam submits the second order, to sell 2 limit 20.1. Sam cannot trade with Bea because Bea will not pay what Sam demands. The market places Sam’s order in the book. The market quote is now 20.0 bid for 3, 2 offered at 20.1. In some electronic screens, the quote would appear as “20.0-20.1 3 × 2.” Traders read this as “20 to a dime, 3 by 2,” or “20 bid for 3, 2 offered at a dime.” 3.

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If the new order is a buy order, the order must indicate that the trader will pay at least the best offer price. If it is a sell order, the order must indicate that the trader will sell at or below the best bid. If a trade is possible, the new order is marketable. Market orders and aggressively priced limit orders are marketable orders. If the new order is not marketable, the market places it in the order book—according to its precedence—to wait for orders to arrive on the opposite side. Traders who do not want their unfilled orders to stand in the book must attach a fill-or-kill or an immediate-or-cancel instruction to their orders. If the new order is marketable, the matching system arranges a trade by matching the new order with the highest-ranking order on the other side of the market.

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If the new order is marketable, the matching system arranges a trade by matching the new order with the highest-ranking order on the other side of the market. If this trade does not completely fill the new order, the market then matches the remainder of the new order with the next highest-ranking order on the other side. This process continues until the new order fills completely or until no further trades are feasible. The market places any remaining size in the order book unless the trader instructs otherwise. Under the discriminatory pricing rule, the limit price of the standing order determines the price for each trade. If the market matches a large incoming order with several standing limit orders placed at different prices, trades will take place at the various limit order prices. 6.4.1 Continuous Trading Example Suppose that traders submit the same set of orders used in the single price auction example to a continuous two-sided auction market.

Arabian Sands by Wilfred Thesiger

back-to-the-land, clean water, Etonian, Fellow of the Royal Society, MITM: man-in-the-middle, the market place

Khartoum seemed like the suburbs of North Oxford dumped down in the middle of the Sudan. I hated the calling and the cards, I resented the trim villas, the tarmac roads, the meticulously aligned streets in Omdurman, the signposts, and the public conveniences. I longed for the chaos, the smells, the untidiness, and the haphazard life of the market-place in Addis Ababa; I wanted colour and savagery, hardship and adventure. Had I been posted to one of the towns I have no doubt that, disgruntled, I should have left the Sudan within a few months, but Charles Dupuis, Governor of Darfur, had anticipated my reaction and had asked that I should be sent to his Province.

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They were small and wiry, about five feet four inches in height, and were dressed in a length of dark-blue cloth wound round their waists, with an end thrown over one shoulder; the indigo had run out from the cloth and smeared their chests and arms. They were bare-headed, and their hair was long and untidy. Both of them wore daggers and carried rifles. My guard said that they were Bedu from beyond the mountains and that they belonged to the Bait Kathir. In the market-place were more of them, while others waited outside the palace gates. They reminded me of the tribesmen whom I had seen recently at Dhala on the Yemen border, and seemed very different to the Arabs from the great Bedu tribes I had met in Syria and the Najd. The palace gates were guarded by armed men dressed in long Arab shirts and head-cloths.

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The Dahm had a blood-feud with his own tribe and was living among the Yam. He told me that he had been in Najran in the summer when a Christian had come there from Abha and stayed for two days with bin Madhi, the Amir. He was amused when I told him that I was this Christian. He said he had seen me in the distance in the market-place, but that I was then wearing different clothes. This was true, as at that time I was dressed as a Saudi. When we left them they explained how to find the next well. There was a clearly-marked track to Laila, and this route, surveyed by Philby, was shown on the map I had with me. The following afternoon, seeing dark clouds banking up in the west, I asked Muhammad, without thinking, if it would rain, and he answered immediately, ‘Only God knows.’

The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time by Karl Polanyi

agricultural Revolution, Berlin Wall, borderless world, business cycle, central bank independence, Corn Laws, currency manipulation / currency intervention, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, Fall of the Berlin Wall, full employment, inflation targeting, joint-stock company, Kula ring, land reform, land tenure, liberal capitalism, manufacturing employment, new economy, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, price mechanism, profit motive, Republic of Letters, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, scientific management, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, trade liberalization, trade route, trickle-down economics, Washington Consensus, Wolfgang Streeck, working poor, Works Progress Administration

If any occurrence should prevent the holding of the market on one or more days, business cannot be resumed until the market-place has been purified.… Every injury occurring on the market-place and involving the shedding of blood necessitated immediate expiation. From that moment no woman was allowed to leave the market-place and no goods might be touched; they had to be cleansed before they could be carried away and used for food. At the very least a goat had to be sacrificed at once. A more expensive and more serious expiation was necessary if a woman bore a child or had a miscarriage on the market-place. In that case a milch animal was necessary. In addition to this, the homestead of the chief had to be purified by means of sacrificial blood of a milch-cow.

Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds - the Original Classic Edition by Charles MacKay

clean water, invention of gunpowder, invisible hand, joint-stock company, land bank, railway mania, South Sea Bubble, the market place

He saw immediately how the mischief had been done; and, dismissing all the inferior imps, asked the principal demon how he could have been so rash as to kill the young man. The demon replied, that he had been needlessly invoked by an insulting youth, and could do no less than kill him for his presumption. Agrippa reprimanded him severely, and ordered him immediately to reanimate the dead body, and walk about with it in the market-place for the whole of the afternoon. The demon did so: the student revived; and, putting his arm through that of his unearthly murderer, walked very lovingly with him in sight of all the people. At sunset, the body fell down again, cold and lifeless as before, and was carried by the crowd to the hospital, it being the general opinion that he had expired in a fit of apoplexy.

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One man had brooded over such tales till he became firmly convinced that the wild flights of his own fancy were realities. He stationed himself 13/10/2008 17:39 Printable format for Mackay, Charles, Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular ... 4 of 14 http://www.econlib.org/cgi-bin/printarticle.pl in the market-place of Milan, and related the following story to the crowds that gathered round him. He was standing, he said, at the door of the cathedral, late in the evening; and when there was nobody nigh, he saw a dark-coloured chariot, drawn by six milk-white horses, stop close beside him. The chariot was followed by a numerous train of domestics in dark liveries, mounted on dark-coloured steeds.

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Several who had been thus informed against, were thrown into prison, and so horribly tortured, that reason fled, and, in their ravings of pain, they also confessed their midnight meetings with the devil, and the oaths they had taken to serve him. Upon these confessions judgment was pronounced: the poor old women, as usual in such cases, were hanged and burned in the market-place; the more wealthy delinquents were allowed to escape, upon payment of large sums. It was soon after universally recognized that these trials had been conducted in the most odious manner, and that the judges had motives of private vengeance against many of the more influential persons who had been implicated.

Free Money for All: A Basic Income Guarantee Solution for the Twenty-First Century by Mark Walker

3D printing, 8-hour work day, additive manufacturing, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, basic income, Baxter: Rethink Robotics, behavioural economics, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, commoditize, confounding variable, driverless car, financial independence, full employment, guns versus butter model, happiness index / gross national happiness, industrial robot, intangible asset, invisible hand, Jeff Bezos, job automation, job satisfaction, John Markoff, Kevin Kelly, laissez-faire capitalism, late capitalism, longitudinal study, market clearing, means of production, military-industrial complex, new economy, obamacare, off grid, off-the-grid, plutocrats, precariat, printed gun, profit motive, Ray Kurzweil, rent control, RFID, Rodney Brooks, Rosa Parks, science of happiness, Silicon Valley, surplus humans, The Future of Employment, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, too big to fail, transaction costs, universal basic income, warehouse robotics, working poor

Coercion and Capitalism An important objection to U.$. Inc. is that there is a major dis-analogy between the profit-seeking activity of U.$. Inc. and its other business activities, namely, that U.$. Inc. is able to extract wealth only because it is a monopoly backed by illegitimate use of force. The thought is that there is choice in the market place: we can choose between different car brands, restaurants, and so on. Indeed, the eBay analogy supports this claim: there are alternative online auction companies to eBay if one does not like the price or services offered by eBay. The state offers no such alternatives and so it is a monopoly.

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Some libertarians, for example, have considered buying an island or setting up a nation at sea, perhaps refurbishing an ocean liner. An appropriate name might be, “Our Lady Of Taxes Are Theft.” I predict that should she ever set sail, Our Lady Of Taxes Are Theft will sink—qua business model. For if it is launched as a business venture where it seeks to give a return to investors, it will have trouble competing in the market place for the usual reasons: would-be entrepreneurs who think they can undercut the price of existing business typically underestimate the costs of doing business and overestimate 62 FREE MONEY FOR ALL revenues. If Our Lady Of Taxes Are Theft is run on a socialistic co-op model, then I predict it will not work for the reason that many co-ops fail: it is hard to apportion the costs and benefits of such ventures.

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Notice, however, the structure of this line of thought: negative liberty is used as an instrument to promote or preserve substantive autonomy. If it is correct that negative freedoms are tools for promoting substantive autonomy, then these tools can be evaluated in terms of how effective they are in achieving their ends. Laws permitting freedom of expression have, by and large, been successful in promoting substantive autonomy. The market place of ideas, as Mill termed it, has helped individuals explore a variety of viewpoints. It need not have turned out this way. It is possible to imagine Dr. Mesmer with the power of hypnotic speech such that he can hypnotize anyone into doing anything. As millions under the hypnotic influence line up to give away all their possessions to the doctor, we might insist that he refrain from using his hypnotic speech.

8 Day Trips From London by Dee Maldon

Doomsday Book, information retrieval, Isaac Newton, Stephen Hawking, the market place

The Whipple Museum of Science (Free School Lane off Pembroke Street) hosts scientific instruments that date from the Middle Ages. The Botanic Gardens (Bateman Street) offers a quiet stroll through a vast array of botanic specimens. Non-University sites worth seeing Most of the roads in the centre lead to Market Square, a comfortable place for walking. The market place offers a large plaza of independent traders. On its far side, you will see a tall church, St Mary the Great. This Gothic building is the main university and city church. Visitors are usually welcome and, for a fee, you can climb to the top of its church tower and survey the city and the surrounding countryside.

The Consolations of Philosophy by Alain de Botton

classic study, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Socratic dialogue, the market place, urban planning

Intuitively, he places the blame on his choice of occupation and begins searching for an alternative, despite the high costs of doing so. It was the last time I would turn to See Inside an Ancient Greek Town. a blacksmith; a shoemaker; a fishmonger (Ill. 8.2) Deciding rapidly that he would be happy in the fish business, the man acquires a net and an expensive stall in the market-place. And yet his melancholy does not abate. We are often, in the words of the Epicurean poet Lucretius, like ‘a sick man ignorant of the cause of his malady’. It is because they understand bodily maladies better than we can that we seek doctors. We should turn to philosophers for the same reason when our soul is unwell – and judge them according to a similar criterion: Just as medicine confers no benefit if it does not drive away physical illness, so philosophy is useless if it does not drive away the suffering of the mind.

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It was just that after rational analysis, he had come to some striking conclusions about what actually made life pleasurable – and fortunately for those lacking a large income, it seemed that the essential ingredients of pleasure, however elusive, were not very expensive. Happiness, an Epicurean acquisition list 1. Friendship On returning to Athens in 306 BC at the age of thirty-five, Epicurus settled on an unusual domestic arrangement. He located a large house a few miles from the centre of Athens, in the Melite district between the market-place and the harbour at Piraeus, and moved in with a group of friends. He was joined by Metrodorus and his sister, the mathematician Polyaenus, Hermarchus, Leonteus and his wife Themista, and a merchant called Idomeneus (who soon married Metrodorus’s sister). There was enough space in the house for the friends to have their own quarters, and there were common rooms for meals and conversations.

The City on the Thames by Simon Jenkins

Ascot racecourse, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Boris Johnson, bread and circuses, Brexit referendum, British Empire, clean water, computerized trading, congestion charging, Corn Laws, cross-subsidies, Crossrail, deindustrialization, estate planning, Frank Gehry, gentrification, housing crisis, informal economy, Isaac Newton, Jane Jacobs, John Snow's cholera map, light touch regulation, Louis Blériot, negative equity, new economy, New Urbanism, Northern Rock, Peace of Westphalia, place-making, railway mania, Richard Florida, Right to Buy, South Sea Bubble, sovereign wealth fund, strikebreaker, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the market place, Traffic in Towns by Colin Buchanan, upwardly mobile, urban renewal, Winter of Discontent, women in the workforce

Wherever people congregate there is potential for unrest but, over the two millennia of its existence, London’s conflicts have been remarkably peaceful. Fewer people have died from political violence in its streets than in any of the world’s other great cities. Its struggles have been organic, deriving from the nature of its growth, the forces of the market place and attempts to plan or regulate that market. That those attempts have largely failed is the outstanding fact of this story. London has long been its own master. When it has been traumatized – by Boudicca’s revolt, Norman conquest, Henrician Reformation, plague, fire or bombs – it has put its head down and minded its own business, with extraordinary success.

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No one demurred from the ideal. Acts were even passed, one of 1935 ambitiously called the Restriction of Ribbon Development Act. But the disconnect between government in Whitehall and reality on the ground was total. Authority could say what it liked. Nothing linked steering wheel to engine, and the engine was the market place. Where there are people and space without regulation, the one will occupy the other. Britain’s parliament was unsettled by the labour unrest of the 1920s, and by the furious revival of autocracy across Europe. It seemed to regard sprawl as a pacifying force, almost a narcotic. The truth was that Londoners craved what sprawl offered: a house, a garden and a train station.

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Bond Street’s ‘suburb’ Avery Row, is the Crown Estate’s model restoration of what was a scruffy ‘borderland’ of studios and warehouses, running through to the deserted streets of west Mayfair. These are streets that have prospered where the city has kept its nerve and not run screaming into the market place. They are where fabric was the essence, offering a welcome to whatever the transient market ordains. London has its clusters and some of them are splendid. But it is clear that the creative juices that keep the city constantly on the alert crave the patina of time passing. The neighbourhoods through which I walk can be replicated in Paddington, King’s Cross, Clerkenwell, Shoreditch, Bermondsey and Lambeth.

Ethics in Investment Banking by John N. Reynolds, Edmund Newell

accounting loophole / creative accounting, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, collapse of Lehman Brothers, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, discounted cash flows, financial independence, Glass-Steagall Act, index fund, invisible hand, junk bonds, light touch regulation, margin call, Michael Milken, moral hazard, Nick Leeson, Northern Rock, proprietary trading, quantitative easing, shareholder value, short selling, South Sea Bubble, stem cell, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, too big to fail, two and twenty, zero-sum game

Goodhart, C.A.E. (2009) The Regulatory Response to the Financial Crisis (Cheltenham and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar). Green, R.M. (1994) The Ethical Manager: A New Method for Business Ethics (Eaglewood, NJ: Macmillan). Green, S. (2009) Good Value: Reflections on Money, Morality and an Uncertain World (London: Allen Lane). Griffiths, B. (1982) Morality and the Market Place (London: Hodder and Stoughton). Bibliography 167 Griffiths, B. (2001) Capitalism, Morality and Markets (London: Institute of Economic Affairs). Griseri, T. (2010) Business Ethics (London: Cengage Learning). Harries, R. (1995) Questioning Belief (London: SPCK). Harvard Business School (2003) Harvard Business Review on Corporate Ethics (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press).

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Clough (2010) The Ethics of Executive Remuneration: A Guide for Christian Investors (Church Investors Group). Higgs-Kleyn, N. and D. Kapeliansis (1999) “The Role of Professional Codes in Regulating Ethical Conduct”, Journal of Business Ethics, 19, 363–74. Hill, A. (1998) Just Business: Christian Ethics for the Market Place (Carlisle: Paternoster Press). Hotten, R. (2008) “Shell Plots $1.2 bn Regal Takeover Bid”, Daily Telegraph, 2 October. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/ 3124785/Shell-plots-1.2bn-Regal-takeover-bid.html, accessed 12 May 2011. Howes, S., and P. Robins (1994) A Theory of Moral Organization: A Buddhist View of Business Ethics (Birmingham: Aston Business School Research Institute).

Britain's 100 Best Railway Stations by Simon Jenkins

Beeching cuts, British Empire, Crossrail, gentrification, joint-stock company, Khartoum Gordon, market bubble, railway mania, South Sea Bubble, starchitect, the market place, urban renewal, wikimedia commons

Railway mania: John Bull drunkenly accepts proposals for investing in railways, cartoon, 1836 In November 1845, The Times calculated that parliament had that year projected 1,200 new railways in Britain, notionally requiring £500m in public subscription (or £50bn today). Some were for lines along parallel routes, some for trains running the length and breadth of the land. The freedom of the market place was given the job of regulating the industry, with no attempt to impose network coherence or national plan. Massive duplication occurred. When the Great Eastern company came to be formed in 1862, it needed the amalgamation of thirty-two approved railways in East Anglia alone. Like all such bubbles, the Mania over-reached itself, bursting in 1847.

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It redefined geographical identity and rewrote the conversation between London and the nation, town and country, rich and poor. It also introduced a new realm of classlessness. The Liverpool & Manchester’s segregation of passengers in different buildings did not last. Two (initially three) classes of waiting-rooms and carriages survived, but the concourse, ticket office and platform became, like the church nave and the market place, a common space. Travel beyond the bounds of one village or town had been confined to a few, mostly prosperous, people. Most humans lived, worked, played and died within single communities. Travel now became an obsession, abetted by Thomas Cook’s innovation of rail excursions in the 1850s (see here).

Walled Culture: How Big Content Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Keep Creators Poor by Glyn Moody

Aaron Swartz, Big Tech, bioinformatics, Brewster Kahle, connected car, COVID-19, disinformation, Donald Knuth, en.wikipedia.org, full text search, intangible asset, Internet Archive, Internet of things, jimmy wales, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, non-fungible token, Open Library, optical character recognition, p-value, peer-to-peer, place-making, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, rent-seeking, text mining, the market place, TikTok, transaction costs, WikiLeaks

The RDI [Rights Data Integration] Project has demonstrated unequivocally how such a Rights Data Network could implement the LCC framework; and the Copyright Hub has provided a first implementation of how this works in practice. The time to go live with actual services in the market place is now.”571 Nevertheless, no ‘actual services in the market place’ appeared. The Final Report of the RDI Project was released in 2016 and said: ‘The RDI project has produced a set of tools and prototypes which the project partners, including the LCC and the Copyright Hub, now expect to take forward into production systems’.572 Far from doing so, the LCC has not issued any kind of update on its work since April 2013,573 while the Copyright Hub Web site has disappeared from the Internet.

Capitalism and Freedom by Milton Friedman

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", affirmative action, Berlin Wall, central bank independence, Corn Laws, Deng Xiaoping, floating exchange rates, Fractional reserve banking, full employment, invisible hand, Joseph Schumpeter, liquidity trap, market friction, minimum wage unemployment, price discrimination, rent control, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, secular stagnation, Simon Kuznets, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, union organizing

The challenge to the believer in liberty is to reconcile this widespread interdependence with individual freedom. Fundamentally, there are only two ways of co-ordinating the economic activities of millions. One is central direction involving the use of coercion—the technique of the army and of the modern totalitarian state. The other is voluntary co-operation of individuals—the technique of the market place. The possibility of co-ordination through voluntary co-operation rests on the elementary—yet frequently denied—proposition that both parties to an economic transaction benefit from it, provided the transaction is bi-laterally voluntary and informed. Exchange can therefore bring about co-ordination without coercion.

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The logical conclusion is presumably “Past labor is exploited,” and the inference for action is that past labor should get more of the product, though it is by no means clear how, unless it be in elegant tombstones. The achievement of allocation of resources without compulsion is the major instrumental role in the market place of distribution in accordance with product. But it is not the only instrumental role of the resulting inequality. We have noted in chapter i the role that inequality plays in providing independent foci of power to offset the centralization of political power, as well as the role that it plays in promoting civil freedom by providing “patrons” to finance the dissemination of unpopular or simply novel ideas.

The Collapse of Western Civilization: A View From the Future by Naomi Oreskes, Erik M. Conway

Anthropocene, anti-communist, correlation does not imply causation, creative destruction, en.wikipedia.org, energy transition, Great Leap Forward, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, Kim Stanley Robinson, laissez-faire capitalism, Lewis Mumford, market fundamentalism, mass immigration, means of production, military-industrial complex, oil shale / tar sands, Pierre-Simon Laplace, precautionary principle, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, stochastic process, the built environment, the market place

Their views came out of the Cold War—particularly the writings of Milton Friedman and Friedrich von Hayek—but the essential idea remains a tenet for many people on the right wing of the American political spectrum today. While rarely stated quite this bald-ly, the reasoning goes like this: Government intervention in the market place is bad. Accepting the reality of climate change requires us to acknowledge the need for government intervention either to regulate the use of fossil fuels or to increase the cost of doing so. So we won’t accept the reality of climate change. Erik and I have pointed out that besides being illogical, this sort of thinking—by delaying action— increases the risk that disruptive climate change will lead to the very sort of heavy-handed interventions that conservatives wish to avoid.

Basic Income And The Left by henningmeyer

basic income, Bernie Sanders, carbon tax, centre right, eurozone crisis, income inequality, Jeremy Corbyn, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, labour market flexibility, land value tax, means of production, mini-job, moral hazard, precariat, quantitative easing, Silicon Valley, technological determinism, the market place, Tobin tax, universal basic income

who are not, or are only partially, employed. Comprehensive social services that go beyond pure poverty control, however, are legitimised by existing concepts of social justice. How else? Norms of social justice include the idea of equal opportunity, giving everyone a shot at making it on the labour market and in the market place. This justifies, for instance, public spending on education or inheritance tax. Or the idea of social insurance which links contribution for unemployment and old age insurance to social transfers. Social Values Thirdly, an unconditional basic income runs counter to the needs of a society with rapidly growing immi‐ gration.

Walk Away by Douglas E. French

Alan Greenspan, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, business cycle, Elliott wave, forensic accounting, full employment, Home mortgage interest deduction, loss aversion, low interest rates, McMansion, mental accounting, mortgage debt, mortgage tax deduction, negative equity, New Journalism, Own Your Own Home, Richard Thaler, risk free rate, Robert Shiller, Savings and loan crisis, Tax Reform Act of 1986, the market place, transaction costs, unbiased observer, wealth creators

Housing didn’t have to compete with business for credit in post-war America, a “federally insured ‘loop’ directed the savings of small investors into savings and loan institutions, where they were channeled directly into short term loans for builders or mortgages for buyers.” Another government loan guaranty program was born in 1944 after WWII. The U.S. Department of Veterans Administration (VA) loan program was to make it possible for military veterans “to compete in the market place for credit with persons who were not obliged to forego the pursuit of gainful occupations by reason of service in the Armed Forces of the nation. The VA programs are intended to benefit men and women because of their service to the country, and they are not designed to serve as instruments of attaining general economic or social objectives.”

Guide to business modelling by John Tennent, Graham Friend, Economist Group

book value, business cycle, correlation coefficient, discounted cash flows, double entry bookkeeping, G4S, Herman Kahn, intangible asset, iterative process, low interest rates, price elasticity of demand, purchasing power parity, RAND corporation, risk free rate, shareholder value, the market place, time value of money

Macroeconomic variables such as gross domestic product (gdp), interest rates, inflation, exchange rates, income levels and income distribution are likely to be important factors. Population growth, urbanisation and trends in transport may also be relevant. At a microeconomic level, customer needs, market size and market growth will be essential. Current and future competitors, the nature of their product offerings and their positioning in the market place should be identified. Once all the critical factors have been identified they should be divided into those that will be explicitly modelled and those that simply provide the context for the forecast and are likely to be described in a business planning document. Critical factors for wind-farm operators Chart 3.2 on the next page shows some of the critical factors for a wind-farm operator.

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The macroeconomic variables discussed in detail here will provide a solid basis for most business planning exercises. 85 10 Forecasting revenue Forecasting revenue is one of the greatest challenges for the business modeller. The first problem is producing a meaningful and useful definition of the market place. In the telecommunications, information technology and media sectors, for example, there is such a high degree of convergence that it is becoming increasingly difficult to differentiate between the separate markets. Modellers may also have incomplete or inaccurate data as a basis for their forecasts.

Manias, Panics and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises, Sixth Edition by Kindleberger, Charles P., Robert Z., Aliber

active measures, Alan Greenspan, Asian financial crisis, asset-backed security, bank run, banking crisis, Basel III, Bear Stearns, Bernie Madoff, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Black Swan, Boeing 747, Bonfire of the Vanities, break the buck, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business cycle, buy and hold, Carmen Reinhart, central bank independence, cognitive dissonance, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collateralized debt obligation, Corn Laws, corporate governance, corporate raider, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, crony capitalism, cross-border payments, currency peg, currency risk, death of newspapers, debt deflation, Deng Xiaoping, disintermediation, diversification, diversified portfolio, edge city, financial deregulation, financial innovation, Financial Instability Hypothesis, financial repression, fixed income, floating exchange rates, George Akerlof, German hyperinflation, Glass-Steagall Act, Herman Kahn, Honoré de Balzac, Hyman Minsky, index fund, inflation targeting, information asymmetry, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, Japanese asset price bubble, joint-stock company, junk bonds, large denomination, law of one price, liquidity trap, London Interbank Offered Rate, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, margin call, market bubble, Mary Meeker, Michael Milken, money market fund, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, moral hazard, new economy, Nick Leeson, Northern Rock, offshore financial centre, Ponzi scheme, price stability, railway mania, Richard Thaler, riskless arbitrage, Robert Shiller, short selling, Silicon Valley, South Sea Bubble, special drawing rights, Suez canal 1869, telemarketer, The Chicago School, the market place, The Myth of the Rational Market, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, too big to fail, transaction costs, tulip mania, very high income, Washington Consensus, Y2K, Yogi Berra, Yom Kippur War

Some of the senior executives of Lehman would be given positions in the acquiring firm, most would not. The owners of Lehman’s short-term IOUs would be made whole, and perhaps the owners of its bonds would be made whole like those of Fannie and Freddie; alternatively these bondholders might have been given haircuts. The Lehman name would disappear from the market place. The financial cost to the Federal Reserve might have been $50 billion or $60 billion or $70 billion that it would have used to buy the toxic securities – but these securities would have had some value after the economy stabilized. A second model is provided by the US Treasury’s investment of Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP) money in Citibank and Bank of America; the US government would buy 60 or 80 million new shares in Lehman at $1 a share – the amount needed to re-capitalize the firm.

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., tables 7 and, pp. 136, 144, 145. 42. John Carswell, The South Sea Bubble (London: Cresset Press, 1960), p.171. 43. Bouvier, Le krach, pp. 112, 113. 44. Federal Reserve System, Banking and Monetary Statistics (Washington, DC: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1943), p. 494. 45. Alexander Dana Noyes, The Market Place: Reminiscences of a Financial Editor (Boston: Little, Brown, 1937), p. 353. 46. Peter H. Lindert, Key Currencies and Gold, 1900–1913, Princeton Studies in International Finance, no. 24 (August 1969). 47. Jeffrey G. Williamson, American Growth and the Balance of Payments, 1830– 1913: a Study of the Long Swing (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1964). 48.

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Andréadès, Bank of England, p. 137, citing Henry D. McLeod, Theory and Practice of Banking, 3rd edn (London: Longman Green, Reader & Dyer, 1879), p. 428. 31. John Carswell, The South Sea Bubble (London: Cresset Press, 1960), p. 184. 32. Andréadès, Bank of England, p. 151. 33. Alexander Dana Noyes, The Market Place: Reminiscences of a Financial Editor (Boston: Little, Brown, 1938), p. 333. 34. Sprague, History of Crises, p. 259. 35. Ibid. 36. Ibid., p. 181. 37. Max Wirth, Geschichte der Handelskrisen, 4th edn (1890; reprint edn, New York: Burt Franklin, 1968), p. 521. 38. Maurice Lévy-Leboyer, Les banques européennes et l’industrialisation internationale dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle (Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1964), p. 480, text and note 5. 39.

Capital Without Borders by Brooke Harrington

Alan Greenspan, banking crisis, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, British Empire, capital controls, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, classic study, complexity theory, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, diversified portfolio, emotional labour, equity risk premium, estate planning, eurozone crisis, family office, financial innovation, ghettoisation, Great Leap Forward, haute couture, high net worth, income inequality, information asymmetry, Joan Didion, job satisfaction, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, Kevin Roose, liberal capitalism, mega-rich, mobile money, offshore financial centre, prudent man rule, race to the bottom, regulatory arbitrage, Robert Shiller, South Sea Bubble, subprime mortgage crisis, the market place, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thorstein Veblen, transaction costs, upwardly mobile, wealth creators, web of trust, Westphalian system, Wolfgang Streeck, zero-sum game

Salmon: “A trustee is held to something stricter than the morals of the market place. Not honesty alone, but the punctilio of an honor the most sensitive, is then the standard of behavior.… [T]he level of conduct for fiduciaries [has] been kept at a level higher than that trodden by the crowd.”40 These are precisely the characteristics attributed to medieval knights: punctilio (a regard for formalities and etiquette), honor, honesty, and a sense of being above the crowd, bound to a duty “stricter than the morals of the market place.” In fact, it reads like an updated portrait of the pilgrim knight in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, who “loved chivalry, truth, honor … and all courtesy.”41 The medieval becomes modern But these historical continuities also raise the question: Why did an adaptation to feudal conditions survive the Middle Ages?

The Darkening Age: The Christian Destruction of the Classical World by Catherine Nixey

classic study, Eratosthenes, Index librorum prohibitorum, Socratic dialogue, the market place, trade route, wikimedia commons

Celsus, however, implied that if people were better educated they would be more resistant to such hucksters as Peregrinus – or indeed to Jesus, who Celsus considered little more than a ‘sorcerer’.62 The ‘miracles’ that Jesus performed were, he felt, no better than the sort of thing that was constantly being peddled by tricksters to the gullible across the Roman Empire. In a world in which medical provision was rare, many laid claim to magical powers. Travel in the East and you would come across any number of men who, ‘for a few obols make known their sacred lore in the middle of the market-place and drive daemons out of men and blow away diseases’, and display ‘dining-tables and cakes and dishes which are non-existent’.63 Even Jesus himself, observes Celsus, admits the presence of such people when he talks about men who can perform similar wonders to his own. Modern scholarship supports Celsus’s accusations: ancient papyri tell of sorcerers who had the power to achieve such biblical-sounding feats as stilling storms and miraculously providing food.64 Celsus touches on a sore point here.

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By constantly accusing yourself, said another monk, by ‘constantly reproaching myself to myself.’24 Sit in your cell all day, advised another, weeping for your sins.25 A hint of desert isolationism started to find its way into pious city life, too. In John Chrysostom’s writings, contact with women of all kinds was something to be feared and, if possible, avoided altogether. ‘If we meet a woman in the market-place,’ Chrysostom told his congregation, herding his listeners into complicity with that first-person plural, then we are ‘disturbed’.26 Desire was dangerously easy to inflame. Women who inflamed it were not to be relished as Ovid had relished them, but eschewed, scorned and denigrated in writings that made it abundantly clear that the fault of the man’s desire lay with them.

The Prince by Niccolò Machiavelli, Peter Bondanella

the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith

And knowing that past severities had generated ill-feeling against himself, in order to purge the minds of the people and gain their good-will, he sought to show them that any cruelty which had been done had not originated, with him, but in the harsh disposition of his minister. Availing himself of the pretext which this afforded, he one morning caused Remiro to be beheaded, and exposed in the market place of Cesena with a block and bloody axe by his side. The barbarity of which spectacle at once astounded and satisfied the populace. But, returning to the point whence we diverged, I say that the Duke, finding himself fairly strong and in a measure secured against present dangers, being furnished with arms of his own choosing and having to a great extent got rid of those which, if left near him, might have caused him trouble, had to consider, if he desired to follow up his conquests, how he was to deal with France, since he saw he could expect no further support from King Louis, whose eyes were at last opened to his mistake.

American Kingpin: The Epic Hunt for the Criminal Mastermind Behind the Silk Road by Nick Bilton

bitcoin, blockchain, Boeing 747, crack epidemic, Edward Snowden, fake news, gentrification, mandatory minimum, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, no-fly zone, off-the-grid, Ross Ulbricht, Rubik’s Cube, Satoshi Nakamoto, side project, Silicon Valley, Skype, South of Market, San Francisco, Steve Jobs, Ted Kaczynski, the market place, trade route, Travis Kalanick, white picket fence, WikiLeaks

In a message to DPR, while pretending to be French Maid, he accidentally signed the message with his own name, Carl. A short while later, when Carl realized what he had done, he quickly followed up with another message to Dread. “Whoops! I am sorry about that. My name is Carla Sophia and I have many boyfriends and girlfriends on the market place. DPR will want to hear what I have to say ;) xoxoxo.” Luckily for Carl, the Dread Pirate Roberts could care less who Carl or Carla was; Dread just wanted the information that was for sale and gladly handed more than $100,000 to French Maid for more information that could help him keep the Feds at bay.

…

But as the FBI started to look further, they noticed that one of the messages sent from French Maid to DPR was bizarrely signed “Carl.” And then another message sent shortly afterward provided a clarification: “I am sorry about that. My name is Carla Sophia and I have many boyfriends and girlfriends on the market place.” It was evident that Carl had fucked up and accidentally written his own name when selling information to DPR as someone else. The Feds later learned that Carl had created several other fake accounts that were used to threaten, coerce, or bribe the Dread Pirate Roberts. As all the loose ends were tied back together, they found dozens of clues that linked Carl to $757,000 in stolen Bitcoins.

Adapt: Why Success Always Starts With Failure by Tim Harford

An Inconvenient Truth, Andrew Wiles, banking crisis, Basel III, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, Black Swan, Boeing 747, business logic, car-free, carbon footprint, carbon tax, Cass Sunstein, charter city, Clayton Christensen, clean water, cloud computing, cognitive dissonance, complexity theory, corporate governance, correlation does not imply causation, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, crowdsourcing, cuban missile crisis, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, Dava Sobel, Deep Water Horizon, Deng Xiaoping, disruptive innovation, double entry bookkeeping, Edmond Halley, en.wikipedia.org, Erik Brynjolfsson, experimental subject, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Fermat's Last Theorem, financial engineering, Firefox, food miles, Gerolamo Cardano, global supply chain, Great Leap Forward, Herman Kahn, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Isaac Newton, Jane Jacobs, Jarndyce and Jarndyce, Jarndyce and Jarndyce, John Harrison: Longitude, knowledge worker, loose coupling, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, Menlo Park, Mikhail Gorbachev, mutually assured destruction, Netflix Prize, New Urbanism, Nick Leeson, PageRank, Piper Alpha, profit motive, Richard Florida, Richard Thaler, rolodex, Shenzhen was a fishing village, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, South China Sea, SpaceShipOne, special economic zone, spectrum auction, Steve Jobs, supply-chain management, tacit knowledge, the market place, The Wisdom of Crowds, too big to fail, trade route, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, Virgin Galactic, web application, X Prize, zero-sum game

We’ve been imagining a flat plane stretching in every direction, but now let’s change the picture and say that on our fitness landscape: the better the solution, the higher the altitude of the square that contains it. Now the fitness landscape is a jumble of cliffs and chasms, plateaus and jagged summits. Valleys represent bad solutions; mountain tops are good. In an ecosystem, the latter are creatures more likely to survive and reproduce; in the market place, they are the profitable business ideas; and at the dinner party, they are the tastiest dishes. In our dinnerparty landscape, a deep, dark pit might contain a recipe for spaghetti with fish fingers and a jar of curry sauce. From there, the only way is up. Trek in one direction and you might eventually ascend to the soaring peak of Bolognese ragù.

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Selection happens through heredity: successful creatures reproduce before they die and have offspring that share some or all of their genes. In a market economy, variation and selection are also at work. New ideas are created by scientists and engineers, meticulous middle managers in large corporations or daring entrepreneurs. Failures are culled because bad ideas do not survive long in the market place: to succeed, you have to make a product that customers wish to buy at a price that covers costs and beats obvious competitors. Many ideas fail these tests, and if they are not shut down by management they will eventually be shut down by a bankruptcy court. Good ideas spread because they are copied by competitors, because staff leave to set up their own businesses, or because the company with the good ideas grows.

Security Analysis by Benjamin Graham, David Dodd

activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, asset-backed security, backtesting, barriers to entry, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, book value, business cycle, buy and hold, capital asset pricing model, Carl Icahn, carried interest, collateralized debt obligation, collective bargaining, corporate governance, corporate raider, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, currency risk, diversification, diversified portfolio, fear of failure, financial engineering, financial innovation, fixed income, flag carrier, full employment, Greenspan put, index fund, intangible asset, invisible hand, Joseph Schumpeter, junk bonds, land bank, locking in a profit, Long Term Capital Management, low cost airline, low interest rates, Michael Milken, moral hazard, mortgage debt, Myron Scholes, prudent man rule, Right to Buy, risk free rate, risk-adjusted returns, risk/return, secular stagnation, shareholder value, stock buybacks, The Chicago School, the market place, the scientific method, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, transaction costs, two and twenty, zero-coupon bond

These considerations do not gainsay the principle that untrained investors should confine themselves to the best regarded enterprises. It should be realized, however, that this preference is enjoined upon them because of the greater risk for them in other directions, and not because the most popular issues are necessarily the safest. The analyst must pay respectful attention to the judgment of the market place and to the enterprises which it strongly favors, but he must retain an independent and critical viewpoint. Nor should he hesitate to condemn the popular and espouse the unpopular when reasons sufficiently weighty and convincing are at hand. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE FACTORS IN ANALYSIS Analyzing a security involves an analysis of the business.

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The company’s securities were selling together for less than one-third of the cash alone, and for only one-seventh of the net current assets, allowing nothing for the fixed property.9 STUDEBAKER CORPORATION, SEPTEMBER 1933 The company’s debt, selling at 40 cents on the dollar, was entitled to prompt payment in full before the stockholder received anything. Nevertheless, the market placed a much larger value upon the stock issues than upon the prior debt. Voluntary Readjustment Plans. Realization of the manifest disadvantages of receivership has often led bondholders to accept suggestions emanating from the management for a voluntary reduction of their contractual claims. Arrangements of this kind have varied from the old-fashioned type of “composition” (in which creditors extended or even curtailed their claims, while the stockholders retained their interest intact) to cases where the bondholders received a substantial part of the stock equity.

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And it must always be remembered that the truth that the analyst uncovers is first of all not the whole truth and, secondly, not the immutable truth. The result of his study is only a more nearly correct version of the past. His information may have lost its relevance by the time he acquires it, or in any event by the time the market place is finally ready to respond to it. With full allowance for these pitfalls, it goes without saying, none the less, that security analysis must devote thoroughgoing study to corporate income accounts. It will aid our exposition if we classify this study under three headings, viz.: 1. The accounting aspect.

The Richest Man in Babylon by George S. Clason

the market place, trade route

Tarkad, the son of Azure, certainly thought so. For two whole days he had tasted no food except two small figs purloined from over the wall of a garden. Not another could he grab before the angry woman rushed forth and chased him down the street. Her shrill cries were still ringing in his ears as he walked through the market place. They helped him to retrain his restless fingers from snatching the tempting fruits from the baskets of the market women. Never before had he realized how much food was brought to the markets of Babylon and how good it smelled. Leaving the market, he walked across to the inn and paced back and forth in front of the eating house.

Toward Rational Exuberance: The Evolution of the Modern Stock Market by B. Mark Smith

Alan Greenspan, bank run, banking crisis, book value, business climate, business cycle, buy and hold, capital asset pricing model, compound rate of return, computerized trading, Cornelius Vanderbilt, credit crunch, cuban missile crisis, discounted cash flows, diversified portfolio, Donald Trump, equity risk premium, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, financial independence, financial innovation, fixed income, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, income inequality, index arbitrage, index fund, joint-stock company, junk bonds, locking in a profit, Long Term Capital Management, Louis Bachelier, low interest rates, margin call, market clearing, merger arbitrage, Michael Milken, money market fund, Myron Scholes, Paul Samuelson, price stability, prudent man rule, random walk, Richard Thaler, risk free rate, risk tolerance, Robert Bork, Robert Shiller, Ronald Reagan, scientific management, shareholder value, short selling, stocks for the long run, the market place, transaction costs

“But if I do, I will not be explaining how the process is working … There is no way to understand what is going on in this economy without reference to [stock] prices.”3 NOTES 1. STEEL 1 Jean Strouse, Morgan: American Financier (New York: Random House, 1999), p. 406. 2 Ibid., p. 405. 3 Ibid. 4 Frederick Lewis Allen, The Lords of Creation (New York: Harper Bros., 1935), p. 30. 5 Alexander Dana Noyes, The Market Place (Boston: Little Brown, 1938). 6 Alfred Cowles, Common Stock Indices (Bloomington, Ind.: Principia Press, 1939), p. 372. 7 Ibid. 8 Richard Schabacker, Stock Market Theory and Practice (New York: B. C. Forbes, 1930), p. 407. 9 Peter Bernstein, Capital Ideas (New York: Free Press, 1992), p. 19. 10 Ibid. 11 Ibid., p. 22. 12 Ibid., p. 18. 13 Ibid., p. 20. 14 Allen, p. 25. 15 Ibid., p. 27. 16 Dan Bowmar, Giants of the Turf (Lexington, Ky.: The Blood-Lines, 1930), p. 103. 2.

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Baruch (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983), p. 146. 5 New York Times, 4 January 1917. 6 Frederick Lewis Allen, The Lords of Creation, p. 197. 7 Gardiner Means, “Diffusion of Stock Ownership,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 1930. 8 H. T. Warshow, “The Distribution of Stock Ownership in the United States,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, November 1924. 9 Alexander Dana Noyes, The Market Place, p. 184. 10 Warshow, p. 37. 11 Noyes, p. 225. 12 Cowles, p. 405. 13 Grant, p. 131. 5. A NEW ERA 1 John Brooks, Once in Golconda: A True Drama of Wall Street (New York: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 1. 2 Robert Sobel, The Great Bull Market (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1968), p. 99. 3 Kenneth Van Strum, Investing in Purchasing Power (New York: Barron’s, 1925), p. vii. 4 Paul Sarnoff, Jesse Livermore: Speculator King, p. 7. 5 Ibid., p. 51. 6 Ibid., pp. 70–71. 7 Ibid., p. 71. 8 Ronald Kessler, Sins of the Father (New York: Warner Books, 1996), p. 34. 9 Brooks, p. 81. 10 Ibid., p. 110. 11 Sobel, The Great Bull Market, p. 57. 12 John Kenneth Galbraith, The Great Crash, 1929 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1979), p. 10. 13 Martin Fridson, It Was a Very Good Year (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998), pp. 55–56. 14 Sarnoff, p. 78. 15 Ibid. 16 Sobel, The Great Bull Market, p. 113. 17 Harold Bierman, The Causes of the 1929 Stock Market Crash (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1998), p. 30. 18 Ibid., p. 31. 6.

The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Martha Banta

Albert Einstein, classic study, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Donald Trump, Ford Model T, Frederick Winslow Taylor, greed is good, Ida Tarbell, Lewis Mumford, plutocrats, Ralph Waldo Emerson, scientific management, the market place, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thorstein Veblen, Upton Sinclair, W. E. B. Du Bois

Next came the first of the ‘barbarians’—warlike, given to violent seizures of others’ lives and property. In turn, early forms of capitalism were introduced by institutions backed by power figures of the quasi-predatory, overtly bellicose type. Veblen’s story, brought into the present, features the modern barbarians of the ‘pecuniary culture’ who displace on to the market place the brutal ruthlessness of the previous warrior class. Once humans had only needed ‘just enough’ to get by, but with time the aggressive urge to want ‘more’ did away with contentment over maintaining basic norms of subsistence. For Veblen’s generation the sign of masculine success was linked to obsession with ‘ownership’ and the competition to gain things whether they are necessary or not.15 Lest Veblen’s readers lull themselves into believing that violent urges were lost over time as the days of feudal warriors waned, The Theory of the Leisure Class insists on the continuing presence of ‘vestiges’ from the past.

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Midway between these extremes lies the everyday speech of leisure-class conversation and literature. Elegant diction, whether in writing or speaking, is an effective means of reputability. It is of moment to know with some precision what is the degree of archaism conventionally required in speaking on any given topic. Usage differs appreciably from the pulpit to the market-place; the latter, as might be expected, admits the use of relatively new and effective words and turns of expression, even by fastidious persons. A discriminate avoidance of neologisms is honorific, not only because it argues that time has been wasted in acquiring the obsolescent habit of speech, but also as showing that the speaker has from infancy habitually associated with persons who have been familiar with the obsolescent idiom.

The Story of Philosophy by Will Durant

George Santayana, Gregor Mendel, Henri Poincaré, Isaac Newton, long peace, mass immigration, means of production, MITM: man-in-the-middle, music of the spheres, Plato's cave, plutocrats, science of happiness, Socratic dialogue, the market place, the scientific method

Again, “some dispositions evince an unbounded admiration for antiquity, others eagerly embrace novelty; only a few can preserve the just medium, and neither tear up what the ancients have correctly established, nor despise the just innovations of the moderns.”87 Truth knows no parties. Thirdly, Idols of the Market-place, arising “from the commerce and association of men with one another. For men converse by means of language; but words are imposed according to the understanding of the crowd; and there arises from a bad and inapt formation of words, a wonderful obstruction to the mind.”88 Philosophers deal out infinites with the careless assurance of grammarians handling infinitives; and yet does any man know what this “infinite” is, or whether it has even taken the precaution of existing?

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Later he destroyed the book. In politics too he showed a spirit of rebellion hardly to be suspected from his later sanctification of the status quo. While studying for the ministry at Tübingen, he and Schelling hotly defended the French Revolution, and went out early one morning to plant a Liberty Tree in the market-place. “The French nation, by the bath of its revolution,” he wrote, “has been freed from many institutions which the spirit of man has left behind like its baby shoes, and which therefore weighed upon it, as they still weigh upon others, like lifeless feathers.” It was in those hopeful days, “when to be young was very heaven,” that he flirted, like Fichte, with a kind of aristocratic socialism, and gave himself, with characteristic vigor, to the Romantic current in which all Europe was engulfed.

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., 345, 347, 348f., 356, 373, 379, 409, 460, 462, 464, 607, 641f., 665f. Huneker, J., 528, 564, 677 Huxley, T., 465, 468f., 501, 519, 586f. Huyghens, 204 Ibn Ezra, 191 Ibn Gebirol, 191 Idealism, 354, 402f., 612, 641 Ideas, Plato’s theory of, 38f., 436, 439, 624 Idols of the Cave, 167f. Idols of the Market-place, 168 Idols of the Theatre, 168f. Idols of the Tribe, 165f. Immortality, 191, 195, 240f., 312f., 360, 602f., 652 Individualism, 517 Induction, 170f., 177 Industrial Revolution, 460 Inquisition, 189, 192 Insanity, 428f. Instinct, 488f., 601f., 684 Instrumentalism, 681f. Intellect, 226f., 404f., 594f.

Humble Pie and Cold Turkey: English Expressions and Their Origins by Caroline Taggart

animal electricity, bread and circuses, California gold rush, cuban missile crisis, false flag, invention of the telegraph, low interest rates, the market place

Now called the Menderes, it was once known as the Maiandros, and it is from this river that we get the word meander, both as a noun meaning the sort of course the Maiandros followed, and as a verb meaning to follow such a course, whether or not you are a river: We didn’t bother with a map; we just meandered round the town admiring whatever ancient building we happened to find. The Ancient Romans’ contribution was more focused. In any major Roman town, the forum, originally the market place, was also the centre of political, religious and social life. The main Forum in Rome contains the ruins of the Senate House, the Rostrum from which speeches were made (and from which we get the modern term for the dais on which speakers stand), various temples and a couple of triumphal arches.

Other People's Money: Masters of the Universe or Servants of the People? by John Kay

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Alan Greenspan, asset-backed security, bank run, banking crisis, Basel III, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Bernie Madoff, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, bitcoin, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Black Swan, Bonfire of the Vanities, bonus culture, book value, Bretton Woods, buy and hold, call centre, capital asset pricing model, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, cognitive dissonance, Cornelius Vanderbilt, corporate governance, Credit Default Swap, cross-subsidies, currency risk, dematerialisation, disinformation, disruptive innovation, diversification, diversified portfolio, Edward Lloyd's coffeehouse, Elon Musk, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, eurozone crisis, financial engineering, financial innovation, financial intermediation, financial thriller, fixed income, Flash crash, forward guidance, Fractional reserve banking, full employment, George Akerlof, German hyperinflation, Glass-Steagall Act, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, Greenspan put, Growth in a Time of Debt, Ida Tarbell, income inequality, index fund, inflation targeting, information asymmetry, intangible asset, interest rate derivative, interest rate swap, invention of the wheel, Irish property bubble, Isaac Newton, it is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends on his not understanding it, James Carville said: "I would like to be reincarnated as the bond market. You can intimidate everybody.", Jim Simons, John Meriwether, junk bonds, light touch regulation, London Whale, Long Term Capital Management, loose coupling, low cost airline, M-Pesa, market design, Mary Meeker, megaproject, Michael Milken, millennium bug, mittelstand, Money creation, money market fund, moral hazard, mortgage debt, Myron Scholes, NetJets, new economy, Nick Leeson, Northern Rock, obamacare, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, oil shock, passive investing, Paul Samuelson, Paul Volcker talking about ATMs, peer-to-peer lending, performance metric, Peter Thiel, Piper Alpha, Ponzi scheme, price mechanism, proprietary trading, purchasing power parity, quantitative easing, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, railway mania, Ralph Waldo Emerson, random walk, reality distortion field, regulatory arbitrage, Renaissance Technologies, rent control, risk free rate, risk tolerance, road to serfdom, Robert Shiller, Ronald Reagan, Schrödinger's Cat, seminal paper, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, South Sea Bubble, sovereign wealth fund, Spread Networks laid a new fibre optics cable between New York and Chicago, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, The Great Moderation, The Market for Lemons, the market place, The Myth of the Rational Market, the payments system, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, Tobin tax, too big to fail, transaction costs, tulip mania, Upton Sinclair, Vanguard fund, vertical integration, Washington Consensus, We are the 99%, Yom Kippur War

In this instance the purchaser (the Dutch governor-general of New Netherland, Peter Minuit) tricked the sellers: the Natives simply made a mistake. Or perhaps not. Another version of the legend has the Natives getting the better of the deal, since they never owned Manhattan Island in the first place.10 In either case the trade was based on misinformation and disinformation. The notion that the market-place was a venue in which unscrupulous merchants robbed unwitting customers, and foreign trade a means of extracting wealth from foreigners, dominated economic thought from the days of Aristotle until the mid-eighteenth century. We might honour the seventeenth-century French economist and politician Jean-Baptiste Colbert as the champion of this doctrine, since many of his compatriots – along with Ruskin, whose grasp of economics was never strong, and more recent critics of commercial activity – adhere to it still.

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A lending bank would require security, and property was the preferred collateral – the assets of the business might serve for this purpose, but often the bank would place a charge on the homes of the founders. Bank finance was, and continues to be, more suitable for businesses that needed to buy plant and fit out premises than for new companies which need to spend money to develop products or test them in the market-place. But as financialisation gathered pace, and the traditional bank manager retired, or was made redundant, business lending operations were removed from bank branches and transferred to regional offices. More professional analysis of business plans replaced information gained at the nineteenth hole.

Making Globalization Work by Joseph E. Stiglitz

"World Economic Forum" Davos, affirmative action, Alan Greenspan, Andrei Shleifer, Asian financial crisis, banking crisis, barriers to entry, benefit corporation, Berlin Wall, blood diamond, business process, capital controls, carbon tax, central bank independence, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, currency manipulation / currency intervention, Doha Development Round, Exxon Valdez, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Firefox, full employment, Garrett Hardin, Gini coefficient, global reserve currency, Global Witness, Great Leap Forward, Gunnar Myrdal, happiness index / gross national happiness, illegal immigration, income inequality, income per capita, incomplete markets, Indoor air pollution, informal economy, information asymmetry, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), inventory management, invisible hand, John Markoff, Jones Act, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Rogoff, low interest rates, low skilled workers, manufacturing employment, market fundamentalism, Martin Wolf, microcredit, moral hazard, negative emissions, new economy, North Sea oil, offshore financial centre, oil rush, open borders, open economy, price stability, profit maximization, purchasing power parity, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, race to the bottom, reserve currency, rising living standards, risk tolerance, Seymour Hersh, Silicon Valley, special drawing rights, statistical model, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, trade liberalization, Tragedy of the Commons, trickle-down economics, union organizing, Washington Consensus, zero-sum game

But in both Europe and America, this approach is not working. While there are winners from globalization, there are numerous losers. Globalization is, of course, only one of the many forces affecting our societies and our economies. Even without it, there would be increasing inequality. Changes in technology have increased the premium the market places on certain skills, so that the winners in today’s economy are those who have or can acquire those skills. These changes in technology may in the end be more important than globalization in determining the increase in inequality, and even the decline in unskilled wages. Voters can do little about the march of technology; but they can—through their elected representatives—do something about globalization.

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In chapter 9, I described the attempt by Japan in 1997 to establish an Asian Monetary Fund, with $100 billion—partly motivated by dissatisfaction with the way that the IMF was dealing with the Asian financial crisis. The United States and the IMF managed to stop this initiative—as much as they believe in competition in the market place, they were appalled at the idea of competition in providing assistance for countries in need, or in providing advice on how to manage one’s economy. In February 2007, Venezuela, enriched by the high oil prices that had followed the Iraq War, joined several other countries, including Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Brazil, to found a new bank, the Bank of the South.

The Production of Money: How to Break the Power of Banks by Ann Pettifor

Alan Greenspan, Ben Bernanke: helicopter money, Bernie Madoff, Bernie Sanders, bitcoin, blockchain, bond market vigilante , borderless world, Bretton Woods, capital controls, Carmen Reinhart, central bank independence, clean water, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, cryptocurrency, David Graeber, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, debt deflation, decarbonisation, distributed ledger, Donald Trump, eurozone crisis, fiat currency, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial innovation, financial intermediation, financial repression, fixed income, Fractional reserve banking, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, green new deal, Hyman Minsky, inflation targeting, interest rate derivative, invisible hand, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Rogoff, Kickstarter, land bank, Leo Hollis, light touch regulation, London Interbank Offered Rate, low interest rates, market fundamentalism, Martin Wolf, mobile money, Money creation, Naomi Klein, neoliberal agenda, offshore financial centre, Paul Samuelson, Ponzi scheme, Post-Keynesian economics, pushing on a string, quantitative easing, rent-seeking, Satyajit Das, savings glut, secular stagnation, The Chicago School, the market place, Thomas Malthus, Tobin tax, too big to fail

The rates on loans made to firms and individuals are determined – socially constructed – by those engaged in the creation of loans: commercial bankers. Bankers make decisions about the rate of interest on a loan based on their assessment of the riskiness of the borrower, and on the rate of return they seek for themselves, but also on what other creditors are offering borrowers in the market place. Given that the banking sector is oligopolistic, there is in reality very little competition and instead a great deal of collusion on decisions about rates. How rates are ‘fixed’ by private, commercial bankers The LIBOR – London Interbank Offered Rate – is critical to determining the rate of interest on $800 trillion–worth of global financial instruments, including millions of mortgages.

Soft City: Building Density for Everyday Life by David Sim

A Pattern Language, active transport: walking or cycling, anti-fragile, autonomous vehicles, car-free, carbon footprint, Jane Jacobs, megaproject, megastructure, New Urbanism, place-making, smart cities, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the market place, transit-oriented development, urban planning, urban renewal, walkable city

Accommodating Everyone and Everything The Berne structure, with enclosed blocks at a human scale, can accommodate uses of almost any size, from extra-small to extra-extra-large, while maintaining its human scale. Extra-small might be a food stand or a flower seller in the shelter of the arcade, a stall on the market place, a kiosk tucked into a corner, or a tiny studio apartment in an attic, under the big roofs. Extra-extra-large could be a supermarket with an expansive floorplate, a department store, or a major hotel. In between is everything else: shops of all sizes, banks and showrooms, cafés, bars and restaurants, lawyers’ offices, and medical practices.

Frommer's England 2011: With Wales by Darwin Porter, Danforth Prince

airport security, Ascot racecourse, British Empire, carbon footprint, centre right, Charles Babbage, Columbine, congestion charging, country house hotel, double helix, Edmond Halley, gentrification, George Santayana, haute couture, high-speed rail, Isaac Newton, James Watt: steam engine, Murano, Venice glass, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ronald Reagan, Skype, Sloane Ranger, spinning jenny, Stephen Hawking, sustainable-tourism, the market place, tontine, University of East Anglia, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, young professional

Dating from the 17th and 18th centuries, many well-preserved old stone houses are still intact, some having bow-fronted shops of the type familiar to Charles Dickens. Once known as Corinium, the town had five roads converging here during the Roman occupation. In size, it ranked second only to London. Today, it is chiefly a market town and a good base for touring. We prefer to visit the Market Place in the center of town on Monday or Friday morning, when the people from the country flock to town to hawk their produce. (And don’t worry about how to pronounce Cirencester. Even the English disagree. Say Siren-cess-ter and you’ll be close enough.) Essentials Cirencester has no railway station, but trains depart several times a day from London’s Paddington Station for the 80-minute trip to Kemble, which is 6.5km (4 miles) southwest of Cirencester.

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Brewery Court. & 01285/657181. www.breweryarts.org.uk. Free admission. Mon–Fri 10am–5pm; Sat 9:30am–5:30pm. 464 16_615386-ch13.indd 46416_615386-ch13.indd 464 8/24/10 2:13 PM8/24/10 2:13 PM Church of St. John the Baptist A church may have stood here in Saxon times, but the present building overlooking the Market Place in the town center dates from Norman times and Henry I. In size, it appears more like a cathedral than a mere parish church, with a variety of styles, largely Perpendicular, as in the early-15thcentury tower. Among the treasures inside are a 15th-century “wineglass” pulpit and a silver-gilt cup given to Queen Anne Boleyn 2 years before her execution.

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The duke’s plan to make this a model of the Royal Crescent in Bath was never realized, but it’s worth a look anyway. At the eastern end of the Crescent rises the castiron and glass canopy sheltering the Cavendish Arcade Shopping Centre in the original 18th-century bathhouses of the spa. In front of the Crescent is a beautiful park, the Slopes, dating from 1818. It leads up to the center of town, the Market Place, which is sleepy all winter but filled with heavy traffic in summer. Buxton’s spa days have come and gone, but it’s still the best center for exploring the peak district. The climate is amazingly mild, considering that at 300m (1,000 ft.) altitude, Buxton is the second-highest town in England.

Computer: A History of the Information Machine by Martin Campbell-Kelly, William Aspray, Nathan L. Ensmenger, Jeffrey R. Yost

Ada Lovelace, air freight, Alan Turing: On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, barriers to entry, Bill Gates: Altair 8800, Bletchley Park, borderless world, Buckminster Fuller, Build a better mousetrap, Byte Shop, card file, cashless society, Charles Babbage, cloud computing, combinatorial explosion, Compatible Time-Sharing System, computer age, Computer Lib, deskilling, don't be evil, Donald Davies, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Dynabook, Edward Jenner, Evgeny Morozov, Fairchild Semiconductor, fault tolerance, Fellow of the Royal Society, financial independence, Frederick Winslow Taylor, game design, garden city movement, Gary Kildall, Grace Hopper, Herman Kahn, hockey-stick growth, Ian Bogost, industrial research laboratory, informal economy, interchangeable parts, invention of the wheel, Ivan Sutherland, Jacquard loom, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, John von Neumann, Ken Thompson, Kickstarter, light touch regulation, linked data, machine readable, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Menlo Park, Mitch Kapor, Multics, natural language processing, Network effects, New Journalism, Norbert Wiener, Occupy movement, optical character recognition, packet switching, PageRank, PalmPilot, pattern recognition, Pierre-Simon Laplace, pirate software, popular electronics, prediction markets, pre–internet, QWERTY keyboard, RAND corporation, Robert X Cringely, Salesforce, scientific management, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, Ted Nelson, the market place, Turing machine, Twitter Arab Spring, Vannevar Bush, vertical integration, Von Neumann architecture, Whole Earth Catalog, William Shockley: the traitorous eight, women in the workforce, young professional

A history of the IBM 1401 is given in Charles J. Bashe et al.’s IBM’s Early Computers (1986). The technical development of the IBM 360 and 370 computer series is described in Emerson W. Pugh et al.’s IBM’s 360 and Early 370 Systems (1991). Tom Wise’s Fortune articles “I.B.M.’s $5,000,000,000 Gamble” and “The Rocky Road to the Market Place” (1966a and 1966b) remain the best external account of the System/360 program. A good internal account is contained in Thomas DeLamarter’s Big Blue (1986). Thomas Haigh’s “Inventing Information Systems” (2001) describes the rise of the systems men in computing. James Cortada’s three-volume Digital Hand provides a sweeping survey of the use of computers in industry.

…

“Early Computers at Manchester University.” The Radio and Electronic Engineer 45, no. 7: 327–331. Williams, Michael R. 1997. A History of Computing Technology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Wise, Thomas A. 1966a. “I.B.M.’s $5,000,000,000 Gamble.” Fortune, September, p. 118. ———. 1966b. “The Rocky Road to the Market Place.” Fortune, October, p. 138. Wolfe, Tom. 1983. “The Tinkerings of Robert Noyce: How the Sun Rose on Silicon Valley.” Esquire, December, pp. 346–374. Yates, JoAnne. 1982. “From Press Book and Pigeonhole to Vertical Filing: Revolution in Storage and Access Systems for Correspondence.” Journal of Business Communication 19 (Summer): 5–26. ———. 1989.

Global Spin: The Corporate Assault on Environmentalism by Sharon Beder

American Legislative Exchange Council, battle of ideas, benefit corporation, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, business climate, centre right, clean water, corporate governance, Exxon Valdez, Gary Taubes, global village, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, John Elkington, laissez-faire capitalism, military-industrial complex, oil shale / tar sands, Oklahoma City bombing, old-boy network, planned obsolescence, precautionary principle, price mechanism, profit maximization, Ralph Nader, RAND corporation, Ronald Reagan, scientific management, shareholder value, telemarketer, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, two and twenty, urban planning

Politicians and government officials therefore looked to experts in the think-tanks to interpret and make sense of the massive amounts of information that they were receiving. This gave rise to a set of policy entrepreneurs based in think-tanks who often had the coherent vision that politicians lacked, particularly in the conservative think-tanks which promoted the market place as an alternative to big government.53 An additional function that think-tanks provide in the US, which is often carried out by political parties in other countries, is the facilitation of ‘élite transfer’. In Britain and Australia, cabinet ministers are chosen from the elected members of government, whereas in the United States this is not necessarily the case.

…

Recycling, he says, should only be carried out where there is an economic reason to do it; “Recycling is the biggest hoax perpetuated on the American public since the synthetic fuels debacle of the early ’80s.”32 In a similar vein, CEI’s Environmental Briefing Book for Congressional Candidates states: “Recycling can also be a wasteful use of energy, time and money. . . Whether or not to recycle a particular material or product should be determined by the market place, not by government fiat.”33 In its magazine Facts, the Australia Institute for Public Policy also attacks recycling. Drawing on an Industry Commission report, it argues that packaging only accounts for a tenth of the waste stream ‘by weight’ and that recycling can be costly and produce pollution problems.

When the Iron Lady Ruled Britain by Robert Chesshyre

Berlin Wall, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, British Empire, corporate raider, deskilling, Etonian, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial deregulation, full employment, gentrification, housing crisis, manufacturing employment, Mars Society, mass immigration, means of production, Neil Kinnock, North Sea oil, oil rush, plutocrats, Right to Buy, Ronald Reagan, school choice, Silicon Valley, the market place, trickle-down economics, union organizing, wealth creators, young professional

Anti-Americanism is often the old codger in the corner’s objection to having the window opened an inch to let in fresh air. ‘Enterprise’ has become a loaded word in Britain, almost interchangeable with Thatcherism. Enterprise is part of Thatcherism, certainly, but Thatcherism is an ideology which has been applied to matters that ought to lie outside the market-place, like university research and race relations. It has an intellectual purity which offends common sense. Many who ‘fail’ are not equipped to compete, and their failure is not due to some deep moral flaw or inadequacy which is susceptible to exhortation or bullying. That most over-borrowed of Hamlet’s notions is perfectly applicable to Mrs Thatcher – there are more things in heaven and earth than are dreamed of in her philosophy.

…

Being an advocate required very different skills from those of the laboratory scientist, who had to lay out all his doubts on the bench. Professor Noble, a fluent French speaker, supported the idea of an exam like the baccalaureate, with its compulsory breadth of subjects. He argued that British science was a victim of the government’s ideology. Science, according to ministers he had dealt with, should be out in the market-place. But, he argued, they overlooked such foreign practices as massive Federal funding in the United States and 150 per cent research and development tax breaks in Australia. Sir Keith Joseph, when Secretary of State for Education and Science, had told an Oxford audience of scientists – worth, according to Professor Noble, thirty million pounds of public investment – that, since the government could not possibly afford what they wanted, they should go abroad.

Animal Spirits by Jackson Lears

1960s counterculture, Alan Greenspan, bank run, banking crisis, behavioural economics, business cycle, buy and hold, California gold rush, clockwork universe, conceptual framework, Cornelius Vanderbilt, creative destruction, cuban missile crisis, dark matter, Doomsday Clock, double entry bookkeeping, epigenetics, escalation ladder, feminist movement, financial innovation, Frederick Winslow Taylor, George Akerlof, George Santayana, heat death of the universe, Herbert Marcuse, Herman Kahn, Ida Tarbell, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, Lewis Mumford, lifelogging, market bubble, market fundamentalism, Mikhail Gorbachev, moral hazard, Norman Mailer, plutocrats, prosperity theology / prosperity gospel / gospel of success, Ralph Waldo Emerson, RAND corporation, Robert Shiller, Ronald Reagan, scientific management, Scientific racism, short selling, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, source of truth, South Sea Bubble, Stanislav Petrov, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, Strategic Defense Initiative, surveillance capitalism, the market place, the scientific method, The Soul of a New Machine, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, transcontinental railway, W. E. B. Du Bois, Whole Earth Catalog, zero-sum game

Information, it was assumed, stabilized uncertainty Yet risk was unavoidable, and for Lawrence that was just fine. Risk and uncertainty were essential to most heroic achievements, indeed to life itself. “Christ himself took a chance,” he wrote. “This world of ours would be a dreary place indeed if the element of risk were excluded from the market place.” To be sure, the “prolific succession of uncertainties” offered by the stock market “constitutes a fertile hunting ground for those pure chances that the gambler finds necessary.” But this no more justified government regulation of the stock market than it required “that coins should be minted with similar reliefs on both sides because men sometimes match them in what is undoubtedly a pure gamble.”

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“In attempting to protect investors against the consequences of their own folly and the economy against the advent of rude shock, the Board runs the risk of dampening confidence and making those who suffer real or paper losses less eager to spend on goods and services,” the Post admitted. “But if past experience is any guide, it is better to err on the side of caution in coping with the animal spirits that pervade the market place.” Among investors, the longing for a grounding in stability and certainty survived for decades; even as they rejected central planning, they recoiled from too much risk. And as the Post’s financial advice columnist observed a few weeks later, despite the proliferation of statistical forecasts, “the uncertainty which has always beclouded our economic future has not been dispelled.”

Designing Web APIs: Building APIs That Developers Love by Brenda Jin, Saurabh Sahni, Amir Shevat

active measures, Amazon Web Services, augmented reality, Big Tech, blockchain, business logic, business process, cognitive load, continuous integration, create, read, update, delete, exponential backoff, Google Hangouts, if you build it, they will come, Lyft, machine readable, MITM: man-in-the-middle, premature optimization, pull request, Salesforce, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, software as a service, the market place, uber lyft, web application, WebSocket

Expert Advice The best APIs are treated like any other product that’s important to a business: they’re supported, maintained, improved, and altered to fit changing customer needs and expectations. It’s important that API teams stay ahead of the demands of their cus‐ tomers and anticipate where new needs are cropping up and where competitive threats are appearing throughout the market‐ place. The moment you tell yourself that you’ve achieved “lockin” because your customers can’t afford to switch away from you is the moment that you’ve already started to lose. —Chris Messina, developer experience lead at Uber 190 | Chapter 10: Developer Programs Design Sprints The design sprint is a process for answering critical product ques‐ tions through design, prototyping, and testing ideas with develop‐ ers.

Digital Transformation at Scale: Why the Strategy Is Delivery by Andrew Greenway,Ben Terrett,Mike Bracken,Tom Loosemore

Airbnb, behavioural economics, bitcoin, blockchain, butterfly effect, call centre, chief data officer, choice architecture, cognitive dissonance, cryptocurrency, data science, Diane Coyle, en.wikipedia.org, fail fast, G4S, hype cycle, Internet of things, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, loose coupling, M-Pesa, machine readable, megaproject, minimum viable product, nudge unit, performance metric, ransomware, robotic process automation, Silicon Valley, social web, The future is already here, the long tail, the market place, The Wisdom of Crowds, work culture

They provide the infrastructure for whole markets to build themselves upon, and take a small cut off the millions that use them. This is true in taxis, holiday accommodation, advertising, news, retail, and many more besides. The biggest companies in all of these sectors often don’t own stock or property. They own the market place. For government, the opportunities in building platforms like these are real. Most public services are made of online and offline components that have been rebuilt or bought hundreds of times at the public’s expense. Making payments, taking payments, publishing information, progress notifications through text and email, appointment booking, licences, grant applications.

Top 10 San Diego by Pamela Barrus, Dk Publishing

California gold rush, centre right, Charles Lindbergh, East Village, El Camino Real, G4S, haute cuisine, illegal immigration, Silicon Valley, the market place, transcontinental railway, urban renewal

Leaving the hotel, bear left to Ocean Avenue; the Pacific Ocean is on the left and several 100-year-old mansions on the right. Turn right on Alameda and ride through a typical Coronado neighborhood with Spanish-style houses and bungalows. At 4th, cross the street and walk one block; the Naval Air Station will be on your left. Turn right on 1st. It’s a straight stretch back to the Market Place. Around Town – Southern San Diego As the endangered Western snowy plover seeks a place in which to lay her fragile eggs, the green-and-white vehicles of the US Border Patrol swoop down hillsides, lights blazing, in search of the illegal immigrant. An enormous, rusty, corrugated metal fence, which separates the US and Mexico, slices through the park before plunging into the sea.

Rough Guide Directions Bruges & Ghent by Phil Lee

British Empire, gentrification, Kickstarter, place-making, spinning jenny, the market place

Undeterred, the Flemings promptly added a third spire, though when this went up in smoke in 1741 the locals gave up, settling for the present structure with the addition of a stone parapet in 1822. It’s a pity they didn’t have another go, if only to sabotage Longfellow’s metre in his dire but oft-quoted poem The Belfry of Bruges: “In the market place of Bruges/Stands the Belfry old and brown/Thrice consumed and thrice rebuilt …”, and so P L A C E S Bruges: The Markt THE MARKT CONINCK AND BREYDEL MONUMENT 12/20/07 1:07:49 PM Bruges: The Markt P L A C E S 52 behind a set of fancy – and still surprisingly well-preserved – iron grilles.

Forever Summer by Nigella Lawson

the market place

Also by Nigella Lawson HOW TO EAT THE PLEASURES AND PRINCIPLES OF GOOD FOOD HOW TO BE A DOMESTIC GODDESS BAKING AND THE ART OF COMFORT COOKING NIGELLA BITES FEAST FOOD THAT CELEBRATES LIFE NIGELLA EXPRESS GOOD FOOD FAST NIGELLA CHRISTMAS FOOD, FAMILY, FRIENDS, FESTIVITIES KITCHEN RECIPES FROM THE HEART OF THE HOME List of Recipes Barbecue Barbecued Loin of Lamb, Three Ways Barbecued Quail Barbecued Sea Bass with Preserved Lemons Black and Blue Beef Coconut and Chilli Salmon Kebabs Grilled Sardines with Lemon Salsa Grilled Tuna with Wasabi Butter Sauce Lamb Kebabs Red Mullet with Sweet and Sour Shredded Salad Salmon Kebabs with Pomegranate Molasses and Honey Steak with Barbecue Butters Beef Black and Blue Beef Cold Roast Beef with Lemon Salad Steak with Barbecue Butters Thai Crumbled Beef in Lettuce Wraps Bread Brioches Crostini del Mare Flatbread Pizzas Garlic Bread Za’atar Chicken with Fattoush Dips Cacik Feta, Walnut and Herb Salad Moutabal Cheese Baked Pasta Shells Stuffed with Spinach and Ricotta Baked Ricotta with Grilled Radicchio Capellini con Cacio e Pepe Corsican Omelette Feta, Walnut and Herb Salad Flatbread Pizzas Griddled Aubergines with Feta, Mint and Chilli Puy Lentil, Goat’s Cheese and Mint Salad Ricotta Hotcakes The Ultimate Greek Salad Watermelon, Feta and Black Olive Salad Chocolate Baci Ice Cream Blonde Mocha Layer Cake Caramelised Pineapple with Hot Chocolate Sauce Chocolate Peanut Squares Chocolate Raspberry Pavlova Dime Bar Ice Cream Frozen Chocolate Truffles Mint Chocolate Mousse White Chocolate Almond Cake White Chocolate and Passionfruit Mousse White Chocolate Ice Cream with Hot Blackberry Sauce Curries Chicken and Cashew Nut Curry Green Vegetable Curry Keralan Fish Curry with Lemon Rice Mauritian Prawn Curry Seafood Laksa Desserts Anglo-Italian Trifle Arabian Pancakes with Orange-Flower Syrup Banana and Butterscotch Upside-Down Tart Blonde Mocha Layer Cake Brioches Caramelised Pineapple with Hot Chocolate Sauce Chilled Caramelised Oranges with Greek Yoghurt Chocolate Peanut Squares Chocolate Raspberry Pavlova Coconut Slab Eastern Mediterranean Cheesecake Figs for a Thousand and One Nights Frozen Chocolate Truffles Gingered and Minty Fruit Salad Gooseberry Fool Honey Semifreddo Lavender Trust Cupcakes Lemon Cupcakes Lemon Rice Pudding Mint Chocolate Mousse Mint Julep Peaches Orange Cornmeal Cake Passionfruit Pavlova, Again Passionfruit Shortcakes Red Roast Quinces Red-Hot Chilli Syrup Rhubarb Fool Ricotta Hotcakes Slut-Red Raspberries in Chardonnay Jelly Strawberry Meringue Layer Cake Summer Crumble Vanilla Shortbread White Chocolate Almond Cake White Chocolate and Passionfruit Mousse Drinks Alcoholic Iced Coffee Blue Lagoon Campari Soda Elderflower and Passionfruit Cooler Fragonard Fresh Green Gimlet Gina Ginger Beer Shandy Journalist Kiwitini Lemon Drop Mint and Lime Cool Aid Moscow Mule Passione Pimms Pina Colada Pomme Pomme Sangria Tom Collins White Lady Eggs Corsican Omelette Potato and Pea Frittata Fish and Seafood Baby Octopus and Potato Salad Barbecued Sea Bass with Preserved Lemons Coconut and Chilli Salmon Kebabs Crostini del Mare Ginger-Cured Salmon Grilled Sardines with Lemon Salsa Grilled Tuna with Wasabi Butter Sauce Keralan Fish Curry with Lemon Rice Lemony Prawn Salad Linguine alle Vongole Linguine with Chilli, Crab and Watercress Linguine with Mussels Marinated Salmon with Capers and Gherkins Mauritian Prawn Curry Pepper-Seared Tuna Prawn and Black Rice Salad with Vietnamese Dressing Red Mullet with Sweet and Sour Shredded Salad Salmon Kebabs with Pomegranate Molasses and Honey Salt Cod Fritters Sea Bass with Saffron, Sherry and Pine Nuts Seafood Laksa Seafood Salad Seared Mustard-Coated Salmon Squid Salad with Lime, Coriander, Mint and Mizuna Tagliolini al Pesto Amaro Three Fishes with Three-Herb Salsa Fruit Apple Ice Cream Banana and Butterscotch Upside-Down Tart Caramelised Pineapple with Hot Chocolate Sauce Chilled Caramelised Oranges with Greek Yoghurt Chocolate Raspberry Pavlova Coconut and Chilli Salmon Kebabs Coconut Slab Elderflower and Passionfruit Cooler Figs for a Thousand and One Nights Gammon with Pineapple Gingered and Minty Fruit Salad Golden Jubilee Chicken Gooseberry and Elderflower Ice Cream Gooseberry Fool Kiwitini Mint Julep Peaches Orange Cornmeal Cake Passione Passionfruit Pavlova, Again Passionfruit Shortcakes Peach Ice Cream Raspberry Ripple Ice Cream Red Roast Quinces Redcurrant Slush Sorbet Rhubarb Fool Slut-Red Raspberries in Chardonnay Jelly Strawberry Ice Cream Strawberry Meringue Layer Cake Summer Crumble Watermelon, Feta and Black Olive Salad White Chocolate and Passionfruit Mousse Ice Creams and Sorbets Apple Ice Cream Baci Ice Cream Cheesecake Ice Cream Dime Bar Ice Cream Egg-Custard Ice Cream Frozen Chocolate Truffles Gooseberry and Elderflower Ice Cream Honey Semifreddo Margarita Ice Cream Peach Ice Cream Raspberry Ripple Ice Cream Redcurrant Slush Sorbet Strawberry Ice Cream Vin Santo Ice Cream with Cantuccini White Chocolate Ice Cream with Hot Blackberry Sauce Lamb Barbecued Loin of Lamb, Three Ways Bulgar Wheat Salad with Pink-Seared Lamb Crispy Lamb Chops Greekish Lamb Pasta Lamb Cutlets with Yoghurt and Cumin Lamb Kebabs Lamb Patties with Hummus and Pitta Moroccan Roast Lamb Rack of Lamb with Mint Salsa Nuts and Pulses Chocolate Peanut Squares Chicken, Almond and Parsley Salad Chicken and Cashew Nut Curry Chilled Pea and Mint Soup Double Courgette and Bean Salad Feta, Walnut and Herb Salad Lamb Patties with Hummus and Pitta Pappardelle with Courgettes, Sultanas and Pine Nuts Puy Lentil, Goat’s Cheese and Mint Salad Sea Bass with Saffron, Sherry and Pine Nuts Summer Minestrone Alla Genovese The Rainbow Room’s Carrot and Peanut Salad White Chocolate Almond Cake Pasta Baked Pasta Shells Stuffed with Spinach and Ricotta Capellini con Cacio e Pepe Greekish Lamb Pasta Linguine alle Vongole Linguine with Chilli, Crab and Watercress Linguine with Mussels Pappardelle with Courgettes, Sultanas and Pine Nuts Rigatoni al Pomodoro e Prezzemolo Short Pasta with Asparagus, Lemon, Garlic and Parsley Spaghetti Aglio Olio Peperoncino Spaghettini al Sugo Crudo Tagliolini al Pesto Amaro Pork Gammon with Pineapple Lomo de Orza Porchetta Spare Ribs Potatoes Baby Octopus and Potato Salad Baked Potato Salad Hasselback Potatoes Potato and Pea Frittata Salt Cod Fritters Poultry Barbecued Quail Caesar Cleopatra Chicken, Almond and Parsley Salad Chicken and Cashew Nut Curry Chicken Salad with Spinach and Lardons Gingery Duck with Red Onion and Orange Salad Golden Jubilee Chicken Picnic-Fried Chicken Saffron-Scented Chicken Pilaf Sicilian Vinegar Chicken Slow-Roasted Garlic and Lemon Chicken Spatchcock Chicken with Lemon and Rosemary Za’atar Chicken with Fattoush Rice and Noodles Happiness Soup Lemon Rice Lemon Rice Pudding Prawn and Black Rice Salad with Vietnamese Dressing Rice Paper Rolls Risi e Bisi Saffron-Scented Chicken Pilaf Seafood Laksa Soba Noodles with Sesame Seeds Salads, Snacks and Sides Baby Octopus and Potato Salad Baked Potato Salad Braised Little Gems Bulgar Wheat Salad with Pink-Seared Lamb Cacik Caesar Cleopatra Caponata Chicken, Almond and Parsley Salad Chicken Salad with Spinach and Lardons Cold Roast Beef with Lemon Salad Courgette Fritters Double Courgette and Bean Salad Feta, Walnut and Herb Salad Garlic Bread Golden Jubilee Chicken Griddled Aubergines with Feta, Mint and Chilli Hasselback Potatoes Italian Beetroot Salad Lemony Prawn Salad Old-Fashioned Tomato Salad Prawn and Black Rice Salad with Vietnamese Dressing Puy Lentil, Goat’s Cheese and Mint Salad Raw Beetroot, Dill and Mustard Seed Salad Rice Paper Rolls Roasted New Season’s Vegetables Seafood Salad Spare Ribs Squid Salad with Lime, Coriander, Mint and Mizuna The Rainbow Room’s Carrot and Peanut Salad The Ultimate Greek Salad Watermelon, Feta and Black Olive Salad Soups and Stews Chilled Pea and Mint Soup Happiness Soup Risi e Bisi Seafood Laksa Spiced Pink Soup Summer Minestrone alla Genovese Vegetarian Baked Pasta Shells Stuffed with Spinach and Ricotta Baked Ricotta with Grilled Radicchio Capellini con Cacio e Pepe Chilled Pea and Mint Soup Corsican Omelette Green Vegetable Curry Griddled Aubergines with Feta, Mint and Chilli Pappardelle with Courgettes, Sultanas and Pine Nuts Potato and Pea Frittata Rigatoni al Pomodoro e Prezzemolo Risi e Bisi Short Pasta with Asparagus, Lemon, Garlic and Parsley Soba Noodles with Sesame Seeds Spaghetti Aglio Olio Peperoncino Spaghettini al Sugo Crudo Spiced Pink Soup INTRODUCTION In the ideal world inhabited by the chef, there may indeed be a place for the lyrical insistence on using only those ingredients that the month in hand offers up to the market place, but my kitchen, my home, the way I cook, resist such purist strictures. For much as I love the idea of wandering out to the shops, basket dangling from my arm, to gather each new season’s freshly ripened produce, I neither have the time to shop that way, nor the discipline – and, frankly, I baulk at such loftily imposed restraints.

Brit-Myth: Who Do the British Think They Are? by Chris Rojek

Bob Geldof, British Empire, business climate, colonial rule, deindustrialization, demand response, full employment, Gordon Gekko, Isaac Newton, Khartoum Gordon, Live Aid, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, means of production, post-industrial society, public intellectual, Red Clydeside, sceptred isle, Stephen Hawking, the market place, urban planning, Winter of Discontent

What we now call ‘the public sphere’ – that complex amalgamation of a free press, independent universities, organized and legitimate public opposition (pressure groups, trade unions) – grew rapidly from its eighteenth-century origins in the coffee houses of London, Bristol, Edinburgh and other mercantile centres of Europe and the burgeoning Empire. One may think of it as the market-place of public opinion. Free speech and free ideas could flourish in an ambience that was partly detached from court society. As the powers of the court waned in favour of the growth of Parliament and representative democracy, persuading the public by winning over the public sphere became the precondition of successful political policy and strategy.

How to Buy Property at Auction: The Essential Guide to Winning Property and Buy-To-Let Bargains by Samantha Collett

Firefox, proxy bid, the market place, time value of money

Perhaps a top-of-the-range wet room, a large high-specification kitchen/diner or space for a home office/study? Estate agents can provide a huge amount of information on the local property market, the buying and selling dynamics, the profile of the population and the key motivations and barriers in the market place. They are also well placed to identify areas where value can be added to a property and even specify the nature of works which buyers demand. Detailed research and analysis needs to be undertaken to accurately assess the future value of a property and identify the potential for opportunities to improve the end value.

Everything Bad Is Good for You: How Popular Culture Is Making Us Smarter by Steven Johnson

Columbine, complexity theory, corporate governance, delayed gratification, edge city, Flynn Effect, game design, Golden age of television, Marshall McLuhan, pattern recognition, profit motive, public intellectual, race to the bottom, sexual politics, SimCity, social intelligence, Steve Jobs, the market place

This progressive trend alone would probably surprise someone who only read popular accounts of TV without watching any of it. But perhaps the most surprising thing is this: that the shows that have made the most demands on their audience have also turned out to be among the most lucrative in television history. PUT A S ID E for a moment the question of why the market­ place is rewarding complexity, and focus first on the ques­ tion of what this complexity looks like. It involves three primary elements : multiple threading, flashing arrows, and social networks. Multiple threading is the most acclaimed structural con­ vention of modern television progra mming, which is ironic because it's also the convention with the most debased pedi­ gree.

The Great Crash 1929 by John Kenneth Galbraith

Alan Greenspan, Bernie Madoff, business cycle, Everybody Ought to Be Rich, Ford Model T, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, housing crisis, invention of the wheel, joint-stock company, low interest rates, margin call, market fundamentalism, short selling, South Sea Bubble, the market place

[back] *** 5 The American Mazagine, June 1929. [back] *** 6 Wall Street and Washington, p. 179. These passages were later quoted editorially by the New York Times and are reproduced in turn from there. [back] *** 7 The Commercial and Financial Chronicle, March 9. 1929, p. 1444. [back] *** 8 Alexander Dana Noyes, The Market Place (Boston: Little, Brown, 1938), p. 324. [back] *** 9 Stock Exchange Practices. Hearings, April-June 1932, Pt. 2, pp. 601 ff. [back] *** 10 Ibid., p. 676 ff. [back] *** 11 Quoted by Allen, Only Yesterday, p. 322. [back] *** 12 Only Yesterday, p. 315. [back] *** 13 Stock Exchange Practices, Report, 1934, pp. 9, 10.

Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches: The Riddles of Culture by Marvin Harris

colonial exploitation, land tenure, Louis Pasteur, military-industrial complex, stakhanovite, the market place, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thorstein Veblen, trade route, zero-sum game

It does seem that there are enormous numbers of surplus, useless, and uneconomic animals, and that this situation is a direct result of irrational Hindu doctrines. Tourists on their way through Delhi, Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, and other Indian cities are astonished at the liberties enjoyed by stray cattle. The animals wander through the streets, browse off the stalls in the market place, break into private gardens, defecate all over the sidewalks, and snarl traffic by pausing to chew their cuds in the middle of busy intersections. In the countryside, the cattle congregate on the shoulders of every highway and spend much of their time taking leisurely walks down the railroad tracks.

Top 10 Greek Islands by Dorling Kindersley Publishing Staff

centre right, company town, G4S, the market place

Other exhibits on display are the Snake Goddess figurine and the Bull’s Head Rhyton, dating from the 16thcentury-BC Palace of Knossos, along with pieces dating from Neolithic through to Roman times (see p22). d Map E6 of elegant Venetian mansions, busy streets, a • 28102 79086 • Open summer: 8am– harbour full of fishing boats 8pm, 1:30–8pm Mon, winter: 8:30am– and squares full of chic 3pm daily • Adm • Special ticket Vase, Irákleio Archaeological Museum available (see p22). restaurants, tavernas 97 Around the Greek Islands – Crete Left Stepped path, Chaniá Right Ruins at Górtys ^ Chaniá A sprawling fortified city in the foothills of the Lefká Óri inhabited since Neolithic times, mountains, Chaniá was the cityGórtys, or Gortyn, became the state of Kydonia in ancient times. powerful capital of Crete, ahead Along with Phaestos and Knossos, of Phaestos, after the Roman it was one of the most powerful invasion of 65 BC. Its power cities during the Minoan period. lasted until AD 7, when invading Decline was followed by renewed Arabs destroyed the city. The importance under the remains of its citadel and agora Venetians. Chaniá was the (market place), the praetorium capital of Crete until 1971. (governor’s house), temples Today, life in the city and a cemetery can be revolves around its visited. A three-aisled scenic harbour and the basilica, Ágios Títos, historic Spiántza Quarter, dominates the entrance. with its Venetian houses The odeion (small theatre) lining cobbled streets, ruins are famous for their modern restaurants and Traditional weaving, inscriptions. d Ágii Déka, art galleries. d Map D6 Réthymno museum Irákleio • Map E6 • 28920 31144 & Réthymno With a well-preserved Venetian fortress, picturesque harbour famous for its 13th-century lighthouse, and fish tavernas, Réthymno is a refined holiday destination.

Work in the Future The Automation Revolution-Palgrave MacMillan (2019) by Robert Skidelsky Nan Craig

3D printing, Airbnb, algorithmic trading, AlphaGo, Alvin Toffler, Amazon Web Services, anti-work, antiwork, artificial general intelligence, asset light, autonomous vehicles, basic income, behavioural economics, business cycle, cloud computing, collective bargaining, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, correlation does not imply causation, creative destruction, data is the new oil, data science, David Graeber, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, deep learning, DeepMind, deindustrialization, Demis Hassabis, deskilling, disintermediation, do what you love, Donald Trump, driverless car, Erik Brynjolfsson, fake news, feminist movement, Ford Model T, Frederick Winslow Taylor, future of work, Future Shock, general purpose technology, gig economy, global supply chain, income inequality, independent contractor, informal economy, Internet of things, Jarndyce and Jarndyce, Jarndyce and Jarndyce, job automation, job polarisation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, John von Neumann, Joseph Schumpeter, knowledge economy, Loebner Prize, low skilled workers, Lyft, Mark Zuckerberg, means of production, moral panic, Network effects, new economy, Nick Bostrom, off grid, pattern recognition, post-work, Ronald Coase, scientific management, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, sharing economy, SoftBank, Steve Jobs, strong AI, tacit knowledge, technological determinism, technoutopianism, TED Talk, The Chicago School, The Future of Employment, the market place, The Nature of the Firm, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, Turing test, Uber for X, uber lyft, universal basic income, wealth creators, working poor

I think the important thing I want to say here is that the reasons they have not been borne out is because people have underestimated the depth of human demand, new demand that is generated. In a general sense, jobs will persist as long as there are major sources of unmet demand that can be satisfied through the market place. Those are two important conditions, but this really raises and gets to some of the broader issues we just started talking about. What is it that humans want? Are there markets or industries where demand will not be satiated, where technology will never meet all of our needs and wants? Will we ever run out of a desire to have better health and longer life?

Extreme Money: Masters of the Universe and the Cult of Risk by Satyajit Das

"RICO laws" OR "Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations", "there is no alternative" (TINA), "World Economic Forum" Davos, affirmative action, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, algorithmic trading, Andy Kessler, AOL-Time Warner, Asian financial crisis, asset allocation, asset-backed security, bank run, banking crisis, banks create money, Basel III, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Benoit Mandelbrot, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Black Swan, Bonfire of the Vanities, bonus culture, book value, Bretton Woods, BRICs, British Empire, business cycle, buy the rumour, sell the news, capital asset pricing model, carbon credits, Carl Icahn, Carmen Reinhart, carried interest, Celtic Tiger, clean water, cognitive dissonance, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collateralized debt obligation, corporate governance, corporate raider, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, currency risk, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, deal flow, debt deflation, Deng Xiaoping, deskilling, discrete time, diversification, diversified portfolio, Doomsday Clock, Dr. Strangelove, Dutch auction, Edward Thorp, Emanuel Derman, en.wikipedia.org, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, eurozone crisis, Everybody Ought to Be Rich, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial engineering, financial independence, financial innovation, financial thriller, fixed income, foreign exchange controls, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, global reserve currency, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, Goodhart's law, Gordon Gekko, greed is good, Greenspan put, happiness index / gross national happiness, haute cuisine, Herman Kahn, high net worth, Hyman Minsky, index fund, information asymmetry, interest rate swap, invention of the wheel, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, James Carville said: "I would like to be reincarnated as the bond market. You can intimidate everybody.", job automation, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, John Bogle, John Meriwether, joint-stock company, Jones Act, Joseph Schumpeter, junk bonds, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Rogoff, Kevin Kelly, laissez-faire capitalism, load shedding, locking in a profit, Long Term Capital Management, Louis Bachelier, low interest rates, margin call, market bubble, market fundamentalism, Market Wizards by Jack D. Schwager, Marshall McLuhan, Martin Wolf, mega-rich, merger arbitrage, Michael Milken, Mikhail Gorbachev, Milgram experiment, military-industrial complex, Minsky moment, money market fund, Mont Pelerin Society, moral hazard, mortgage debt, mortgage tax deduction, mutually assured destruction, Myron Scholes, Naomi Klein, National Debt Clock, negative equity, NetJets, Network effects, new economy, Nick Leeson, Nixon shock, Northern Rock, nuclear winter, oil shock, Own Your Own Home, Paul Samuelson, pets.com, Philip Mirowski, Phillips curve, planned obsolescence, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, price anchoring, price stability, profit maximization, proprietary trading, public intellectual, quantitative easing, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, Ralph Nader, RAND corporation, random walk, Ray Kurzweil, regulatory arbitrage, Reminiscences of a Stock Operator, rent control, rent-seeking, reserve currency, Richard Feynman, Richard Thaler, Right to Buy, risk free rate, risk-adjusted returns, risk/return, road to serfdom, Robert Shiller, Rod Stewart played at Stephen Schwarzman birthday party, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan: Tear down this wall, Satyajit Das, savings glut, shareholder value, Sharpe ratio, short selling, short squeeze, Silicon Valley, six sigma, Slavoj Žižek, South Sea Bubble, special economic zone, statistical model, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, stock buybacks, survivorship bias, tail risk, Teledyne, The Chicago School, The Great Moderation, the market place, the medium is the message, The Myth of the Rational Market, The Nature of the Firm, the new new thing, The Predators' Ball, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, trickle-down economics, Turing test, two and twenty, Upton Sinclair, value at risk, Yogi Berra, zero-coupon bond, zero-sum game

As a result, regulators have not considered it their role to judge the value of different financial products, and they have in general avoided direct products regulation, certainly in wholesale markets with sophisticated investors.6 It was a matter of faith: Our soundness standards should be no more or no less stringent than those the market place would impose. If banks were unregulated, they would take on any amount of risk they wished, and the market would price their capital and debt accordingly.7 Capital held by banks and brokers against loss decreased, increasing their leverage. The definition of capital was expanded to include hybrid capital, debt ranking below deposits and senior borrowings.

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Michael Greenberger, a director at the CFTC, noted: “Brooksley was this woman...not playing tennis with these guys...not having lunch with these guys...this woman was not of Wall Street.”29 Greenspan told Born that she did not understand what she was doing: “regulation of derivatives transactions that are privately negotiated by professionals is unnecessary.”30 Regulation would reduce market efficiency, create uncertainty, and reduce standards of living. The market place was automatically self-regulating. Market regulation was superior to even minimal intervention. Acknowledging that derivatives create linkages that transmit risks, Greenspan dismissed the possibility of problems in the financial system as extremely remote. Regulation would cause a flight of capital from America, reducing its financial influence.

The Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power, and the Origins of Our Times by Giovanni Arrighi

anti-communist, Asian financial crisis, barriers to entry, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business climate, business logic, business process, classic study, colonial rule, commoditize, Corn Laws, creative destruction, cuban missile crisis, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, declining real wages, deindustrialization, double entry bookkeeping, European colonialism, Fairchild Semiconductor, financial independence, financial intermediation, floating exchange rates, gentrification, Glass-Steagall Act, Great Leap Forward, income inequality, informal economy, invisible hand, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, Kōnosuke Matsushita, late capitalism, London Interbank Offered Rate, means of production, Meghnad Desai, military-industrial complex, Money creation, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, new economy, offshore financial centre, oil shock, Peace of Westphalia, post-Fordism, profit maximization, Project for a New American Century, RAND corporation, reserve currency, scientific management, spice trade, Strategic Defense Initiative, Suez canal 1869, the market place, The Nature of the Firm, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, trade liberalization, trade route, transaction costs, transatlantic slave trade, transcontinental railway, upwardly mobile, vertical integration, Yom Kippur War

To the extent that this recognition actually materializes in restraining the tendency of trading centers to reinvest surplus capital in the further expansion of their business, competitive struggles can be brought under control and the centers of accumulation can enjoy the best of times: What can be better? The hurly-burly of the market-place has been brought into order. People have their place in society, places to which they must keep, but which are preserved for them, by protection against the intrusion of others. Through their guilds and suchlike associations, which are the means to this protection, they can explore new forms of human fellowship. . . .

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It was also a means that suited well the skills and dispositions of the ruling groups of the city-states. It was . . . natural for the ruling groups — merchants and professional men — most of them with some legal or notarial training . . . and most of them experienced in the haggling of the forum and the market place — to believe that words might be as potent as swords. The faith of the merchants and the politicos in the efhcacy of diplomatic and forensic persuasion as an auxiliary to or substitute for military force was probably heightened by the reviving interest in classical literature. In turn, no doubt, this faith strengthened the new humanism and helped give it its prevailing bias towards public rhetoric.

Collision of Empires: The War on the Eastern Front in 1914 by Prit Buttar

bank run, facts on the ground, the market place

The success reinvigorated us; we moved forwards through the darkened streets. Doors to right and left were kicked open, the grenadiers and fusiliers dragged the sleeping Russians out. Those who did not submit easily were silently subdued… But bitter fighting erupted in the market place. The Russians finally awoke and opened fire from doors and windows. They were overwhelmed, and the houses around the market place were swiftly stormed.52 Vasiliev, commander of the Russian Lowicz detachment, barely succeeded in escaping capture.53 The line of march of 3rd Guards Division had taken it past the flank of the Russian forces that had held up Scheffer’s central column, and these Russians, with additional troops from the east, launched a counterattack barely an hour later.

Mastering Book-Keeping: A Complete Guide to the Principles and Practice of Business Accounting by Peter Marshall

accounting loophole / creative accounting, asset allocation, book value, double entry bookkeeping, information retrieval, intangible asset, the market place

Revaluing is also useful in dealing with livestock, for their values go up and down; a dairy cow for example will be less valuable when very young than when fully grown, but then its value will decline as it gets old. Throughout its life this rise and fall in value may be further affected by changes in food prices in the market place. If revaluation is used, no provision for depreciation is needed. 108 43 Other methods of depreciationcont. The depletion method This is used in the adjusting of values of ore bodies, mines, quarries and oil wells. The initial value of the mine, etc is divided by the quantity of ore or mineral that it contained at the beginning; the quotient is then multiplied by the quantity actually mined in the accounting year to give the amount of depletion in value.

A World of Three Zeros: The New Economics of Zero Poverty, Zero Unemployment, and Zero Carbon Emissions by Muhammad Yunus

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", active measures, Bernie Sanders, biodiversity loss, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, clean water, conceptual framework, crony capitalism, data science, distributed generation, Donald Trump, financial engineering, financial independence, fixed income, full employment, high net worth, income inequality, Indoor air pollution, Internet of things, invisible hand, Jeff Bezos, job automation, Lean Startup, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, megacity, microcredit, new economy, Occupy movement, profit maximization, Silicon Valley, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, too big to fail, Tragedy of the Commons, unbanked and underbanked, underbanked, urban sprawl, young professional

Back in 2008, on top of the food crisis, the oil price crisis, and the environmental crisis, came the biggest crisis of all—the crushing collapse of the US financial system. Giant financial institutions along with major manufacturing firms like the automakers either went bankrupt or were kept alive through unprecedented government bailout packages. Many reasons have been suggested for this historic economic collapse: excessive greed in the market place, the transformation of investment markets into gambling casinos, the failure of regulatory institutions, and so on. But one thing is clear: the financial system broke down because of a fundamental distortion of its basic purpose. Credit markets were originally created to serve human needs—to provide businesspeople with capital to start or expand companies.

Straight to Hell: True Tales of Deviance, Debauchery, and Billion-Dollar Deals by John Lefevre

airport security, Bear Stearns, blood diamond, buy and hold, colonial rule, credit crunch, fixed income, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, high net worth, income inequality, jitney, junk bonds, lateral thinking, market clearing, Occupy movement, Sloane Ranger, the market place

If we don’t do it, we suffer. Our European competitors tend to be more aggressive when it comes to disregarding the rules. If we lose the mandate, the investment bankers who are directly responsible for the client relationship will argue it’s because our competitors were armed with a better read of the market, placing the blame squarely on my shoulders, which won’t be forgotten come bonus time. I’ve gone to plenty of pitches and confidently pounded the table, saying, “Mandate us. We’re in touch with specific investor appetite for your name and size.” This is an attempt to coax the client into doing a deal and to demonstrate to them that we’re better informed.

Found in Translation: How Language Shapes Our Lives and Transforms the World by Nataly Kelly, Jost Zetzsche

airport security, Berlin Wall, Celtic Tiger, crowdsourcing, Donald Trump, Eyjafjallajökull, glass ceiling, machine translation, Machine translation of "The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak." to Russian and back, randomized controlled trial, Ray Kurzweil, Skype, speech recognition, Steve Jobs, TED Talk, the market place

He knew that his translation would be read aloud, so he took care to make sure that the words sounded pleasant when spoken. He listened carefully to the rhythm of the language, avoiding sentences with too many unwieldy subordinate clauses and complex structures. “To translate properly is to render the spirit of a foreign language into our own idiom,” he wrote. “I try to speak as men do in the market place.” For example, Luther took Matthew 12:34b and broke it into two sentences to make it easier to read aloud—and simpler to memorize and understand. The King James Version follows the Greek syntax closely: “for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh.” Luther translated this verse into German as, “Wes das Hertz vol ist, des gehet der Mund vber,” or in English, “The person with a full heart has an overflowing mouth.”

Surrender or Starve: Travels in Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, and Eritrea by Robert D. Kaplan

Ayatollah Khomeini, citizen journalism, disinformation, European colonialism, facts on the ground, Great Leap Forward, land reform, Live Aid, mass immigration, out of africa, Ronald Reagan, Suez canal 1869, the market place

Not surprisingly, these measures have reduced the peasants' incentives to produce.” Correspondent Paul Vallely described this policy in progress in an article entitled “How Mengistu Hammers the Peasants” in the March 1, 1985, issue of The Times of London. The government men were lying in wait for the peasant farmers in the market place of the small town of Areka. The harvest of teff, Ethiopia's staple grain, had not been plentiful in the southern province of Sidamo but at least that meant, the peasants thought, that they would get a good price for what little surplus they had. They were reckoning without the fixed-price marketing strategy of Mengistu's government.

Dual Transformation: How to Reposition Today's Business While Creating the Future by Scott D. Anthony, Mark W. Johnson

activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, additive manufacturing, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, Amazon Web Services, Andy Rubin, Apollo 13, asset light, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, Ben Horowitz, Big Tech, blockchain, business process, business process outsourcing, call centre, Carl Icahn, Clayton Christensen, cloud computing, commoditize, corporate governance, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, death of newspapers, disintermediation, disruptive innovation, distributed ledger, diversified portfolio, driverless car, Internet of things, invention of hypertext, inventory management, Jeff Bezos, job automation, job satisfaction, Joseph Schumpeter, Kickstarter, late fees, Lean Startup, long term incentive plan, Lyft, M-Pesa, Marc Andreessen, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, Minecraft, obamacare, Parag Khanna, Paul Graham, peer-to-peer lending, pez dispenser, recommendation engine, Salesforce, self-driving car, shareholder value, side project, Silicon Valley, SimCity, Skype, software as a service, software is eating the world, Steve Jobs, subscription business, the long tail, the market place, the scientific method, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, transfer pricing, uber lyft, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, Y Combinator, Zipcar

So it’s easier for our board directors to understand the threats of disruption and better appreciate the exciting opportunities out there that we bring to their attention having seen it themselves. That’s why we took the board to Silicon Valley, Israel, and more recently to India. We recently increased our exposure to India, and we wanted them to feel the buzz in the market place to really appreciate it.” On Clarifying and Communicating Focus Bertolini (Aetna): “Changes are rarely going to happen as fast as you think they will. When they don’t, doubt can start to creep in with your stakeholders. This is why it’s so important to frame the vision as resting on a foundation of clear assumptions about the future.

The Millionaire Next Door: The Surprising Secrets of America's Wealthy by Thomas Stanley, William Danko

affirmative action, cotton gin, estate planning, financial independence, high net worth, index fund, money market fund, mortgage tax deduction, the market place, very high income, Yogi Berra

Most businesses today require some investment in land, equipment, and buildings. The Johnson Coal Mining business ownsmountains that contain coal. It owns millions of dollars’ worth of equipment. It employs many miners and must constantly upgrade the safety of its operation. It must conform to OSHA’s mandates. It must deal with the uncontrollable price the market places on a ton of coal. It must constantly be vigilant about competitors who are trying to steal its customers. It must keep a careful watch on changes in America’s energy policy. It also must keep its workers happy and safe. It must constantly deal with the possibility of a mine cave-in and halted production.

Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle by Silvia Federici

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Alan Greenspan, Community Supported Agriculture, declining real wages, equal pay for equal work, feminist movement, financial independence, fixed income, gentrification, global village, illegal immigration, informal economy, invisible hand, labor-force participation, land tenure, mass incarceration, means of production, microcredit, military-industrial complex, neoliberal agenda, new economy, Occupy movement, planetary scale, Scramble for Africa, statistical model, structural adjustment programs, the market place, tontine, trade liberalization, UNCLOS, wages for housework, Washington Consensus, women in the workforce, World Values Survey

Third, starting with the Mexican and the Chinese Revolution, the most antisystemic struggles of the last century have not been fought only or primarily by waged industrial workers, Marx’s projected revolutionary subjects, but have been fought by rural, indigenous, anticolonial, antiapartheid, feminist movements. Today as well, they are fought by subsistence farmers, urban squatters, as well as industrial workers in Africa, India, Latin America, and China. Most important, theses struggles are fought by women who, against all odds, are reproducing their families regardless of the value the market places on their lives, valorizing their existence, reproducing them for their own sake, even when the capitalists declare their uselessness as labor power. What are the prospects, then, that Marxist theory may serve as a guide to “revolution” in our time? I ask this question by analyzing the restructuring of reproduction in the global economy.

Elements of Mathematics for Economics and Finance by Vassilis C. Mavron, Timothy N. Phillips

constrained optimization, discrete time, price elasticity of demand, the market place

The dashed line corresponds to T R = 5. 2. What is the market saturation level? 3. After how many years will the percentage of Europeans possessing mobile phones first reach 75%? Solution. 1. a) The launch of the product corresponds to t = 0 since t measures the time from the introduction of mobile phones into the market place. So putting t = 0 into the expression for y gives y = 80 − 70e0 = 80 − 70 = 10%. b) After three years t = 3, the percentage of Europeans possessing mobile phones is given by y = 80 − 70e−0.2×3 = 80 − 70e−0.6 = 41.58%. c) After ten years t = 10, the percentage of Europeans possessing mobile phones is given by y = 80 − 70e−0.2×10 = 80 − 70e−2 = 70.53%. 5.

The Secret Club That Runs the World: Inside the Fraternity of Commodity Traders by Kate Kelly

"Hurricane Katrina" Superdome, Alan Greenspan, Bakken shale, bank run, Bear Stearns, business cycle, commodity super cycle, Credit Default Swap, diversification, fixed income, Gordon Gekko, index fund, light touch regulation, locking in a profit, London Interbank Offered Rate, Long Term Capital Management, margin call, oil-for-food scandal, paper trading, peak oil, Ponzi scheme, proprietary trading, risk tolerance, Ronald Reagan, side project, Silicon Valley, Sloane Ranger, sovereign wealth fund, supply-chain management, the market place

But the comprehensive approach taken by Glencore and others, helped by a creative use of corporate regulatory havens, had given them elite status in certain commodity markets and made their executives exceedingly wealthy. Most hedge-fund traders sat somewhere in the middle of the totem pole. In the larger scheme of commodity trading, they were essentially money changers, pooling other people’s cash to try to outmaneuver the markets, placing bets on where prices would go, and skimming profits off the top of whatever they made when they were right—generally 20 percent of a year’s earnings and about 2 percent of the money investors gave them. A Frenchman who had socialist influences growing up, Andurand considered the physical oil business to be dirty and distasteful, and told me at one point he would never consider taking delivery of an actual barrel of crude.

Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World by Liaquat Ahamed

Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, anti-communist, bank run, banking crisis, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business cycle, capital controls, central bank independence, centre right, credit crunch, currency manipulation / currency intervention, Etonian, Ford Model T, full employment, gentleman farmer, German hyperinflation, Glass-Steagall Act, index card, invisible hand, Lao Tzu, large denomination, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, margin call, market bubble, Mexican peso crisis / tequila crisis, mobile money, money market fund, moral hazard, new economy, open economy, plutocrats, price stability, purchasing power parity, pushing on a string, rolodex, scientific management, the market place

“to establish some sort of dictatorship”: Letter from Strong to Walter Stewart, quoted in Clay, Lord Norman, 265. 303 “speculation on the stock market”: Chicago Tribune, July 14, 1928. 303 “most vehement language”: “Memorandum on Bank of England—Bank of France Relations,” May 24, 1928, quoted in Chandler, Benjamin Strong, 417-18. 304 At one point, several frustrated senior directors: Letter from Siepmann to Steward, July 8, 1928, cited in Boyce, British Capitalism, 23, n. 69. 304 “One moment he would be sunny”: Boyle, Montagu Norman, 235. 304 “How hard and how cruel”: Chandler, Benjamin Strong, 472. 304 “I am desolate and lonesome”: Boyle, Montagu Norman, 238. 16: INTO THE VORTEX 307 At particular times: Bagehot, “Edward Gibbon,” National Review, January 1856, in The Collected Works: Literary Essays, 352. 307 “stocks could be beat”: “The Magnet of Dancing Stock Prices,” New York Times, March 24, 1929. 308 The bubble began: Acampora, The Fourth Mega-Market, 129. 309 “The old-timers”: “The Magnet of Dancing Stock Prices,” New York Times, March 24, 1929. 310 “You could talk about Prohibition”: Cockburn, In Time of Trouble, quoted in Brooks, Once in Golconda, 82. 310 Anyone trying to throw doubt: Noyes, The Market Place, 322. 310 As the crowd piling into the market: Charles, Merz. “Bull Market,” Harpers Monthly Magazine, April 1929, 643. 310 “bootblacks, household servants”: Charles, Merz. “Bull Market.” Harpers Monthly Magazine, April 1929, 643. 311 “Taxi drivers told you what to buy”: Baruch, The Public Year, 220. 311 “When the time comes that a shoeshine boy”: Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, 488. 311 “hard losers and naggers”: Patterson, The Great Boom and Panic, 18. 311 Even the New York Times: “The Army of Women Who Watch the Ticker,” New York Times, March 31, 1929. 312 Biggest of them was Billy Durant: Sparling, Mystery Men of Wall Street, 3-42. 312 “History, which has a painful way”: “Warburg Assails Federal Reserve,” New York Times, March 8, 1929. 312 “sandbagging American prosperity”: Galbraith, The Great Crash, 77. 313 “Monty and Ben sowed the wind”: Chernow, The House of Morgan, 313. 313 “speculative orgy,” “There are many underlying reasons,” “stock speculation,” “The prevailing bull market”: “The Stock-Speculating Mania,” The Literary Digest, December 8, 1928. 314 It was from Washington: Ellis, A Nation in Torment, 40. 315 “displayed some life”: Moreau, The Golden Franc, 89. 315 “When the American people”: Interview with Roy Young, Committee on the History of the Federal Reserve System, Washington: Brookings Institution, 1954-55. 316 The following exchange: Hearings of Senate Committee on Banking and Currency on Brokers’ Loans.

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Histoire de la Banque de France entre les deux Guerres. Pomponne: Monique de Tayrac, 1993. NICOLSON, HAROLD. Dwight Morrow. New York: Harcourt Brace and Co., 1935. ____________ Peacemaking 1919. New York: Harcourt Brace and Co., 1939. Norris, George W. Ended Episodes. Philadelphia: John C. Winston. 1937. Noyes, ALEXANDER D. The Market Place: Reminiscences of a Financial Editor. New York: Little Brown, 1938. Nurske, RAGNAR. International Currency Experience. Geneva: League of Nations, 1944. Overy, RICHARD. Interrogations: The Nazi Elite in Allied Hands, 1945.London: Penguin, 2001. PALYI, MELCHIOR. The Twilight of Gold. Chicago, IL: Henry Regnery Company, 1972.

City: Urbanism and Its End by Douglas W. Rae

agricultural Revolution, barriers to entry, business climate, City Beautiful movement, classic study, complexity theory, creative destruction, desegregation, edge city, Ford Model T, gentrification, ghettoisation, Glass-Steagall Act, Gunnar Myrdal, income per capita, informal economy, information asymmetry, interchangeable parts, invisible hand, James Watt: steam engine, Jane Jacobs, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, Kickstarter, Lewis Mumford, manufacturing employment, New Economic Geography, new economy, New Urbanism, open immigration, Peter Calthorpe, plutocrats, public intellectual, Saturday Night Live, streetcar suburb, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the market place, urban planning, urban renewal, vertical integration, War on Poverty, white flight, Works Progress Administration

Blake lived and worked in the same house and wrote with dry wit about the historical Green: “Before [October 1639] . . . the stocks and doubtless the whipping post had been erected on the market place; and thus these emblems of Christian civilization were the earliest tokens of its dedication to free institutions and public enjoyment. Four days later . . . as the record tersely informs us, ‘the Indian’s head was cut off and pitched upon a pole in the market place,’ this being the second step in the improvement of the Green and the first attempt to put a cheerful face upon the public pleasure ground.”34 Trowbridge had a walk of just four hundred yards to and from work.

The Wisdom of Frugality: Why Less Is More - More or Less by Emrys Westacott

Airbnb, back-to-the-land, Bertrand Russell: In Praise of Idleness, Bonfire of the Vanities, carbon footprint, carbon tax, clean water, Community Supported Agriculture, corporate raider, critique of consumerism, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, dark matter, degrowth, Diane Coyle, discovery of DNA, Downton Abbey, dumpster diving, financial independence, full employment, greed is good, happiness index / gross national happiness, haute cuisine, hedonic treadmill, income inequality, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, it is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends on his not understanding it, loss aversion, McMansion, means of production, move fast and break things, negative equity, New Urbanism, off-the-grid, Paradox of Choice, paradox of thrift, Ralph Waldo Emerson, sunk-cost fallacy, Thales and the olive presses, Thales of Miletus, the market place, The Spirit Level, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thorstein Veblen, Upton Sinclair, Veblen good, Virgin Galactic, Zipcar

The sight of a mouse running around without any concern for finding a bed or protective shelter is supposed to have inspired him to accept cheerfully even greater poverty. Thereupon he doubled up his cloak to make a bed, kept his food in a bag, and ate, slept, and did whatever else he felt like doing wherever he felt like doing it. Reproached for eating in the marketplace, he said, “I did it, for it was in the market place I felt hungry”—a classic example of criticizing conventions in the name of what is natural. Yet he found he could still make do with even less. Seeing a child drinking out of his hands, he threw away the one cup he owned, saying, “That child has beaten me in simplicity.” On another occasion he threw away his spoon, after seeing a boy whose bowl had broken eat his lentils using a crust of bread.6 Like Socrates, Diogenes seems to have had no problem accepting things from others.

The Disciplined Trader: Developing Winning Attitudes by Mark Douglas

Albert Einstein, conceptual framework, fear of failure, financial independence, prediction markets, risk tolerance, the market place

The most essential component in the process of transformation is learning how to recognize and then clear out beliefs that argue for the status quo, beliefs that defend against the intrusion of environmental information you refuse to consider, and learning how to read the environment in a way that will clearly point to the most appropriate path to fulfilling yourself. 71 PART III Building a Framework for Understanding Ourselves 72 At the start of this book, I said it would be a step-by-step guide in the process of adapting yourself to the trading environment. The first step in this process of adaptation is recognizing the need to adapt. If you can't manipulate or force the markets to change in a way that suits your needs, then you will need to learn how to change yourself to suit the conditions. The market places no limits or constraints on the ways in which you choose to express yourself, in that respect; unlike in the cultural environment, you have all the power. The primary purpose of Part II, The Nature of the Trading Environment from a Psychological Perspective, was to point out some of the vast differences between the trading environment and the social environment we were taught to function in and to demonstrate clearly a need for a new perspective.

Them: Adventures With Extremists by Jon Ronson

Adam Curtis, Alan Greenspan, disinformation, friendly fire, Jon Ronson, Livingstone, I presume, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, Silicon Valley, the market place, Timothy McVeigh

As I pondered this, a startling thundercrack rang out through the trees, followed by a scary, cackly voice. It was the voice of Dull Care. ‘Fools!’ he roared. ‘Fools! Ha ha ha! When will ye learn that me ye cannot slay?’ Dull Care suggested to the High Priest that he was invincible. ‘When ye turn your feet to the market place,’ he mocked cacklingly, ‘am I not waiting for you as of old? Fools! To dream ye conquer Care.’ At this, and in a breathtaking display of pyrotechnic wizardry, the spirit of Dull Care spat fire onto the High Priest. From the treetops, a gob of fire rained down upon the High Priest’s hat. This infuriated the High Priest.

Protocol: how control exists after decentralization by Alexander R. Galloway

Ada Lovelace, airport security, Alvin Toffler, Berlin Wall, bioinformatics, Bretton Woods, Charles Babbage, computer age, Computer Lib, Craig Reynolds: boids flock, Dennis Ritchie, digital nomad, discovery of DNA, disinformation, Donald Davies, double helix, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, easy for humans, difficult for computers, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Free Software Foundation, Grace Hopper, Hacker Ethic, Hans Moravec, informal economy, John Conway, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, Ken Thompson, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, late capitalism, Lewis Mumford, linear programming, macro virus, Marshall McLuhan, means of production, Menlo Park, moral panic, mutually assured destruction, Norbert Wiener, old-boy network, OSI model, packet switching, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, phenotype, post-industrial society, profit motive, QWERTY keyboard, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, Reflections on Trusting Trust, RFC: Request For Comment, Richard Stallman, semantic web, SETI@home, stem cell, Steve Crocker, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, Ted Nelson, telerobotics, The future is already here, the market place, theory of mind, urban planning, Vannevar Bush, Whole Earth Review, working poor, Yochai Benkler

That is to say, protocol is nothing but an elaborate instruction list of how a given technology should work, from the inside out, from the top to the bottom, as exemplified in the RFCs described in chapter 4. While many closed source technologies appear to be protocological due to their often monopolistic position in the market place, a true protocol cannot be closed or proprietary. It must be paraded into full view before all, and agreed to by all. It benefits over time through its own technological development in the public sphere. It must exist as pure, transparent code (or a pure description of how to fashion code). As concerned protocological actors, hackers have often called attention to commercial or governmental actions that impede protocol through making tomu Shimomura, Takedown: The Pursuit and Capture of Kevin Mitnick, America’s Most Wanted Computer Outlaw—By the Man Who Did It (New York: Hyperion, 1996); Jonathan Littman, The Fugitive Game: Online With Kevin Mitnick (New York: Little Brown & Co, 1997); Jeff Goodell, The Cyberthief and the Samurai: The True Story of Kevin Mitnick—And the Man Who Hunted Him Down (New York: Dell, 1996).

Why Your World Is About to Get a Whole Lot Smaller: Oil and the End of Globalization by Jeff Rubin

addicted to oil, air freight, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, big-box store, BRICs, business cycle, carbon footprint, carbon tax, collateralized debt obligation, collective bargaining, creative destruction, credit crunch, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, decarbonisation, energy security, food miles, Ford Model T, hydrogen economy, illegal immigration, immigration reform, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, James Watt: steam engine, Jevons paradox, Just-in-time delivery, low interest rates, market clearing, megacity, megaproject, North Sea oil, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, peak oil, profit maximization, reserve currency, South Sea Bubble, subprime mortgage crisis, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, trade liberalization, work culture , zero-sum game

And if transportation and carbon costs don’t bring that factory home, it is likely to be swept back to where it came from on a rising tide of protectionism. Governments around the world, led by the US, are insisting that taxpayers’ money be spent on locally produced goods. As government spending becomes a bigger part of the economy, its bias towards local procurement will shut imports out of more and more of the market place. And once the United States slaps “Buy American” restrictions on its economic stimulus packages, as it has already done on everything from water and sewage projects to bridge repairs, expect Europe, Japan, Canada, Australia, and just about everybody else to follow suit. With the recession claiming as many as 50 million jobs around the world, according to the latest estimates from the International Labor Organization (ILO), there will be a groundswell of public pressure for governments to save local jobs.

City by Clifford D. Simak

the market place

Downright, shameful homesickness, he told himself. Something that boys are supposed to feel when they first leave home, when they first go out to meet the world. There was a fancy word for it—agoraphobia, the morbid dread of being in the midst of open spaces—from the Greek root for the fear—literally, of the market place. If he crossed the room to the television booth, he could put in a call, talk with his mother or one of the robots—or, better yet, just sit and look at the place until Jenkins came for him. He started to rise, then sank, back in the chair again. It was no dice. Just talking to someone or looking in on the place wasn't being there.

The Locavore's Dilemma by Pierre Desrochers, Hiroko Shimizu

air freight, back-to-the-land, biodiversity loss, Biosphere 2, British Empire, Columbian Exchange, Community Supported Agriculture, creative destruction, edge city, Edward Glaeser, food desert, food miles, Food sovereignty, global supply chain, Great Leap Forward, Gregor Mendel, intermodal, invention of agriculture, inventory management, invisible hand, Jane Jacobs, land tenure, megacity, moral hazard, mortgage debt, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, peak oil, planetary scale, precautionary principle, profit motive, refrigerator car, Steven Pinker, tacit knowledge, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, trade liberalization, Tragedy of the Commons, Tyler Cowen, Upton Sinclair, urban sprawl

Longmans, Green & Co, p. 320 From the beginning of markets and civilization, intermediaries have been engaged in the assembling, grading, packaging, processing, storing, transporting, financing, distributing, and advertising of goods and services of all kinds. As a result of their activities, primary producers and final consumers quickly lost track of each other. Writing more than two millennia ago, Plato described in his Republic a class of “retailers” who “sit in the market-place [and] engaged in buying and selling.” These individuals proved especially useful when a farmer brought “some production to market . . . at a time when there is no one to exchange with him.”1 Closer to us, in an economic fable written in the 1840s, the economist Frédéric Bastiat described a French shoemaker who could not identify the countries of origins for the wheat that fed him, the coal that kept him warm, and the leather, nails, and hammer that he used in his trade.2 In Tess of the d’Ubervilles, Thomas Hardy’s 1891 novel, two protagonists talk about the milk they have just loaded onto a train in the following way:“Londoners will drink it at their breakfasts to-morrow, won’t they?”

The Essays of Warren Buffett: Lessons for Corporate America by Warren E. Buffett, Lawrence A. Cunningham

book value, business logic, buy and hold, compensation consultant, compound rate of return, corporate governance, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, diversified portfolio, dividend-yielding stocks, fixed income, George Santayana, Henry Singleton, index fund, intangible asset, invisible hand, junk bonds, large denomination, low cost airline, Michael Milken, oil shock, passive investing, price stability, Ronald Reagan, stock buybacks, Tax Reform Act of 1986, Teledyne, the market place, transaction costs, Yogi Berra, zero-coupon bond

(We can't resist pausing here for a short commercial. One usage of retained earnings we often greet with special enthusiasm when practiced by companies in which we have an investment interest is repurchase of their own shares. The reasoning is simple: if 168 CARDOZO LAW REVIEW [Vol. 19:1 a fine business is selling in the market place for far less than intrinsic value, what more certain or more profitable utilization of capital can there be than significant enlargement of the interests of all owners at that bargain price? The competitive nature of corporate acquisition activity almost guarantees the payment of a full-frequently more than full-price when a company buys the entire ownership of another enterprise.

23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism by Ha-Joon Chang

accelerated depreciation, affirmative action, Alan Greenspan, AOL-Time Warner, Asian financial crisis, bank run, banking crisis, basic income, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, borderless world, business logic, Carmen Reinhart, central bank independence, collateralized debt obligation, colonial rule, corporate governance, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, deindustrialization, deskilling, digital divide, ending welfare as we know it, Fall of the Berlin Wall, falling living standards, financial deregulation, financial innovation, full employment, German hyperinflation, Gini coefficient, Glass-Steagall Act, hiring and firing, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, income per capita, invisible hand, joint-stock company, joint-stock limited liability company, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Rogoff, knowledge economy, labour market flexibility, light touch regulation, Long Term Capital Management, low skilled workers, manufacturing employment, market fundamentalism, means of production, Mexican peso crisis / tequila crisis, microcredit, Myron Scholes, North Sea oil, offshore financial centre, old-boy network, post-industrial society, price stability, profit maximization, profit motive, purchasing power parity, rent control, Robert Solow, shareholder value, short selling, Skype, structural adjustment programs, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, Tobin tax, Toyota Production System, trade liberalization, trickle-down economics, women in the workforce, working poor, zero-sum game

Bush and subsequently named TARP (Troubled Asset Relief Program), the US government was to use at least $700 billion of taxpayers’ money to buy up the ‘toxic assets’ choking up the financial system. President Bush, however, did not see things quite that way. He argued that, rather than being ‘socialist’, the plan was simply a continuation of the American system of free enterprise, which ‘rests on the conviction that the federal government should interfere in the market place only when necessary’. Only that, in his view, nationalizing a huge chunk of the financial sector was just one of those necessary things. Mr Bush’s statement is, of course, an ultimate example of political double-speak – one of the biggest state interventions in human history is dressed up as another workaday market process.

We-Think: Mass Innovation, Not Mass Production by Charles Leadbeater

1960s counterculture, Andrew Keen, barriers to entry, bioinformatics, c2.com, call centre, citizen journalism, clean water, cloud computing, complexity theory, congestion charging, death of newspapers, Debian, digital divide, digital Maoism, disruptive innovation, double helix, Douglas Engelbart, Edward Lloyd's coffeehouse, folksonomy, frictionless, frictionless market, future of work, game design, Garrett Hardin, Google Earth, Google X / Alphabet X, Hacker Ethic, Herbert Marcuse, Hernando de Soto, hive mind, Howard Rheingold, interchangeable parts, Isaac Newton, James Watt: steam engine, Jane Jacobs, Jaron Lanier, Jean Tirole, jimmy wales, Johannes Kepler, John Markoff, John von Neumann, Joi Ito, Kevin Kelly, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, lateral thinking, lone genius, M-Pesa, Mark Shuttleworth, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Menlo Park, microcredit, Mitch Kapor, new economy, Nicholas Carr, online collectivism, Paradox of Choice, planetary scale, post scarcity, public intellectual, Recombinant DNA, Richard Stallman, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, slashdot, social web, software patent, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, supply-chain management, synthetic biology, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the long tail, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Tragedy of the Commons, Whole Earth Catalog, work culture , Yochai Benkler, Zipcar

So on balance, will the open web be good for democracy? Yes, it will. Equality The Utopian hopes invested in the web’s democratic potential are matched by claims for its capacity to promote equality by breaking down concentrations of power based on information and knowledge, and lowering barriers to entry into the market-place for ideas. In a global economy that trades information and ideas as much as raw materials and physical goods, anyone with a computer and a modem can become a participant. At least that is the theory. There are serious doubts as to whether the web will do much to make the world less unequal and make any difference to the most pressing problems facing the poorest societies in the developing world.

What They Do With Your Money: How the Financial System Fails Us, and How to Fix It by Stephen Davis, Jon Lukomnik, David Pitt-Watson

activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Admiral Zheng, banking crisis, Basel III, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Bernie Madoff, Black Swan, buy and hold, Carl Icahn, centralized clearinghouse, clean water, compensation consultant, computerized trading, corporate governance, correlation does not imply causation, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, crowdsourcing, David Brooks, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, diversification, diversified portfolio, en.wikipedia.org, financial engineering, financial innovation, financial intermediation, fixed income, Flash crash, Glass-Steagall Act, income inequality, index fund, information asymmetry, invisible hand, John Bogle, Kenneth Arrow, Kickstarter, light touch regulation, London Whale, Long Term Capital Management, moral hazard, Myron Scholes, Northern Rock, passive investing, Paul Volcker talking about ATMs, payment for order flow, performance metric, Ponzi scheme, post-work, principal–agent problem, rent-seeking, Ronald Coase, seminal paper, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, South Sea Bubble, sovereign wealth fund, statistical model, Steve Jobs, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, transaction costs, Upton Sinclair, value at risk, WikiLeaks

Carola Frydman and Dirk Jenter, “CEO Compensation,” Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University Working Paper no. 77 (March 19, 2010): “The literature provides ample evidence that CEO compensation and portfolio incentives are correlated with a wide variety of corporate behaviors, from investment and financial policies to risk taking and manipulation”; Lucian Bebchuk and Yaniv Grinstein, “Firm Expansion and CEO Pay,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper no. 11886 (November 2005). 30. Bebchuk and Grinstein, “Firm Expansion and CEO Pay.” 31. In the United Kingdom, for example, it was RBS, which had embarked on rapid acquisition, and HBOS and Northern Rock, which had been aggressive in the market place, who found themselves in greatest trouble. 32. “Governing Banks” (Global Governance Forum/International Finance Corporation, 2010). 33. Upton Sinclair, “I, Candidate for Governor: And How I Got Licked” (University of California Press, 1994). (Originally printed 1936.) 34. Ronald J. Gilson and Jeffrey N.

Flash Crash: A Trading Savant, a Global Manhunt, and the Most Mysterious Market Crash in History by Liam Vaughan

algorithmic trading, backtesting, bank run, barriers to entry, Bernie Madoff, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Black Swan, Bob Geldof, centre right, collapse of Lehman Brothers, data science, Donald Trump, Elliott wave, eurozone crisis, family office, financial engineering, Flash crash, Great Grain Robbery, high net worth, High speed trading, information asymmetry, Jeff Bezos, Kickstarter, land bank, margin call, market design, market microstructure, Market Wizards by Jack D. Schwager, Navinder Sarao, Nick Leeson, offshore financial centre, pattern recognition, Ponzi scheme, proprietary trading, Ralph Nelson Elliott, Reminiscences of a Stock Operator, Ronald Reagan, selling pickaxes during a gold rush, sovereign wealth fund, spectrum auction, Stephen Hawking, the market place, Timothy McVeigh, Tobin tax, tulip mania, yield curve, zero-sum game

CHAPTER 9 ◼ BUILDING THE MACHINE Ever since Nav started trading at Futex, he’d used a suite of programs provided by the Chicago-based software vendor Trading Technologies. Founded in 1994, TT was run by a futures legend named Harris Brumfield who started using the software after leaving the pits and liked it so much that he bought the company. The software, which was ubiquitous among day traders, gave users the tools they needed to observe the market, place assorted order types, and connect to the exchanges with minimal delays. TT also offered a product called Autotrader that allowed customers with no background in programming to create their own algos in Excel, offering a low-cost way to introduce an element of automation into their trading. On Friday, June 12, 2009, Nav emailed his broker at GNI Touch asking to be put in touch with “a TT technician that will be able to programme for me extra features on TT…Obviously I would be prepared to pay for their time / excellence.”

The Light That Failed: A Reckoning by Ivan Krastev, Stephen Holmes

active measures, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Andrei Shleifer, anti-communist, anti-globalists, bank run, Berlin Wall, Black Lives Matter, borderless world, Brexit referendum, corporate governance, David Brooks, deglobalization, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, disinformation, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Donald Trump, failed state, fake news, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, illegal immigration, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, kremlinology, liberal world order, mass immigration, Mikhail Gorbachev, Neil Armstrong, nuclear winter, obamacare, offshore financial centre, open borders, post-truth, postnationalism / post nation state, reserve currency, Ronald Reagan, shared worldview, South China Sea, Steve Bannon, the market place, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, Twitter Arab Spring, WikiLeaks

So finding some way to anchor state power in popular sentiments remains the leadership’s central dilemma. The Kremlin became aware that combustible emotions are just as important for its legitimacy as combustible hydrocarbons. It helps to remember that Putin’s first interview after he assumed the presidency included the following claim: ‘there is harsh competition taking place not only on the market place, but also between governments, on the international arena. I am very sorry to say – for it is very worrying – but we are not listed in the top ranks of leaders in this competition.’62 Putin’s self-assigned task from the beginning, therefore, was to revive Russia’s role as a serious player in the Great Game from which Moscow had been unceremoniously ejected in 1991.

Grave New World: The End of Globalization, the Return of History by Stephen D. King

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 9 dash line, Admiral Zheng, air freight, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, Asian financial crisis, bank run, banking crisis, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, bilateral investment treaty, bitcoin, blockchain, Bonfire of the Vanities, borderless world, Bretton Woods, Brexit referendum, British Empire, business cycle, capital controls, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, central bank independence, collateralized debt obligation, colonial rule, corporate governance, credit crunch, currency manipulation / currency intervention, currency peg, currency risk, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, debt deflation, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, Doha Development Round, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, eurozone crisis, facts on the ground, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, falling living standards, floating exchange rates, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, George Akerlof, global supply chain, global value chain, Global Witness, Great Leap Forward, hydraulic fracturing, Hyman Minsky, imperial preference, income inequality, income per capita, incomplete markets, inflation targeting, information asymmetry, Internet of things, invisible hand, Jeremy Corbyn, joint-stock company, Kickstarter, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, Mexican peso crisis / tequila crisis, middle-income trap, moral hazard, Nixon shock, offshore financial centre, oil shock, old age dependency ratio, paradox of thrift, Peace of Westphalia, plutocrats, post-truth, price stability, profit maximization, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, rent-seeking, reserve currency, reshoring, rising living standards, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, Scramble for Africa, Second Machine Age, Skype, South China Sea, special drawing rights, technology bubble, The Great Moderation, The Market for Lemons, the market place, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, trade liberalization, trade route, Washington Consensus, WikiLeaks, Yom Kippur War, zero-sum game

THE PERSIAN VERSION A Persian version would probably start in the sixth century bc: its empire thereafter spread from the Mediterranean and Egypt to its west, through to the Himalayas to its east. For hundreds of years it was the centre of world trade, helped along by its willingness to construct an extraordinary network of roads and its openness to the ideas of others. Its bureaucrats made sure that standards were adhered to in the market place, leading to a rapid expansion of commerce. A vast array of irrigation systems created an agricultural bounty that others could only dream of. Following its retreat in the face of counter-attacking Roman forces and its ensuing collapse in the early seventh century ad, it proved an easy target for the spread of Islam.

The Age of Stagnation: Why Perpetual Growth Is Unattainable and the Global Economy Is in Peril by Satyajit Das

"there is no alternative" (TINA), "World Economic Forum" Davos, 9 dash line, accounting loophole / creative accounting, additive manufacturing, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, Alfred Russel Wallace, Anthropocene, Anton Chekhov, Asian financial crisis, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, bitcoin, bond market vigilante , Bretton Woods, BRICs, British Empire, business cycle, business process, business process outsourcing, call centre, capital controls, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon tax, Carmen Reinhart, Clayton Christensen, cloud computing, collaborative economy, colonial exploitation, computer age, creative destruction, cryptocurrency, currency manipulation / currency intervention, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, declining real wages, Deng Xiaoping, deskilling, digital divide, disintermediation, disruptive innovation, Downton Abbey, Emanuel Derman, energy security, energy transition, eurozone crisis, financial engineering, financial innovation, financial repression, forward guidance, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, geopolitical risk, gig economy, Gini coefficient, global reserve currency, global supply chain, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, Great Leap Forward, Greenspan put, happiness index / gross national happiness, high-speed rail, Honoré de Balzac, hydraulic fracturing, Hyman Minsky, illegal immigration, income inequality, income per capita, indoor plumbing, informal economy, Innovator's Dilemma, intangible asset, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends on his not understanding it, It's morning again in America, Jane Jacobs, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, junk bonds, Kenneth Rogoff, Kevin Roose, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, Les Trente Glorieuses, light touch regulation, liquidity trap, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, low skilled workers, Lyft, Mahatma Gandhi, margin call, market design, Marshall McLuhan, Martin Wolf, middle-income trap, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, Minsky moment, mortgage debt, mortgage tax deduction, new economy, New Urbanism, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, old age dependency ratio, open economy, PalmPilot, passive income, peak oil, peer-to-peer lending, pension reform, planned obsolescence, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, Potemkin village, precariat, price stability, profit maximization, pushing on a string, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, Rana Plaza, rent control, rent-seeking, reserve currency, ride hailing / ride sharing, rising living standards, risk/return, Robert Gordon, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Russell Brand, Satyajit Das, savings glut, secular stagnation, seigniorage, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, Slavoj Žižek, South China Sea, sovereign wealth fund, Stephen Fry, systems thinking, TaskRabbit, The Chicago School, The Great Moderation, The inhabitant of London could order by telephone, sipping his morning tea in bed, the various products of the whole earth, the market place, the payments system, The Spirit Level, Thorstein Veblen, Tim Cook: Apple, too big to fail, total factor productivity, trade route, transaction costs, uber lyft, unpaid internship, Unsafe at Any Speed, Upton Sinclair, Washington Consensus, We are the 99%, WikiLeaks, Y2K, Yom Kippur War, zero-coupon bond, zero-sum game

. | POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Policy / Economic Policy. | BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Economic Conditions. Classification: LCC HD82 .D31477 2016 | DDC 330.9–dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015037561 Printed in the United States of America The truth is sometimes a poor competitor in the market place of ideas—complicated, unsatisfying, full of dilemmas, always vulnerable to misinterpretation and abuse. GEORGE F. KENNAN In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth is a revolutionary act. GEORGE ORWELL PROLOGUE Reality Bites 1. GREAT EXPECTATIONS Postwar Booms and Busts 2.

Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism's Stealth Revolution by Wendy Brown

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, bitcoin, Branko Milanovic, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, collective bargaining, corporate governance, credit crunch, crowdsourcing, David Brooks, Food sovereignty, haute couture, Herbert Marcuse, immigration reform, income inequality, invisible hand, labor-force participation, late capitalism, means of production, new economy, obamacare, occupational segregation, Philip Mirowski, public intellectual, Ronald Reagan, sexual politics, shareholder value, sharing economy, subprime mortgage crisis, TED Talk, The Chicago School, the long tail, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, too big to fail, trickle-down economics, Washington Consensus, Wolfgang Streeck, young professional, zero-sum game

As one benchmarking expert puts the matter, “benchmarking is a positive, proactive, structured process which leads to changing operations and eventually attaining superior performance and a competitive advantage.”51 Benchmarking works because “solving ordinary business problems, conducting management battles and surviving in the market place are all forms of war, fought by the same rules [know your enemy and know yourself].”52 While benchmarking manuals for the nonprofit and public sectors may issue cautions about organizations P o l i t i c a l R at i o n a l i t y a n d G o v e rn a n c e 137 importing “unproven ideas” with great expenditures and “minimal fiscal returns as a result,” the issue is not one of borrowing from a sector with different purposes from one’s own.53 Rather, the problem is mistaking untested “promising practices” for “Best Practices.”54 Thus, one scholar of benchmarking notes that “as educational institutions have been focusing more and more on quality related issues,” they are wisely employing benchmarking because “educational institutions tend to have quite similar core competence areas, that is, educating the customer to her needs.”55 The third implication of benchmarking’s presumptive isolation of practices builds on the first two: if practices can be separated from products precisely because every organization is presumed to be driven by the aim of succeeding in a competitive marketplace, the employment of benchmarking and best practices themselves challenge or simply wither other aims in nonprofit institutions by marketizing their cultures.

The Weightless World: Strategies for Managing the Digital Economy by Diane Coyle

Alan Greenspan, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, blue-collar work, Bretton Woods, business cycle, clean water, company town, computer age, Corn Laws, creative destruction, cross-subsidies, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, dematerialisation, Diane Coyle, Edward Glaeser, everywhere but in the productivity statistics, financial deregulation, flying shuttle, full employment, George Santayana, global village, Great Leap Forward, hiring and firing, Howard Rheingold, income inequality, informal economy, invention of the sewing machine, invisible hand, Jane Jacobs, Joseph Schumpeter, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, labour market flexibility, laissez-faire capitalism, lump of labour, Mahbub ul Haq, Marshall McLuhan, mass immigration, McJob, Meghnad Desai, microcredit, moral panic, Neal Stephenson, Network effects, new economy, Nick Leeson, night-watchman state, North Sea oil, offshore financial centre, pension reform, pension time bomb, pensions crisis, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, Snow Crash, spinning jenny, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the market place, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, Tobin tax, Tragedy of the Commons, two tier labour market, very high income, War on Poverty, winner-take-all economy, working-age population

There is much less of a market for the tenth best or twentieth best. Frank and Cook point out that superstar status increasingly applies outside the conventional areas of sport and entertainment. A global brand will make its manufacturer far, far more money than a very similar product that does not achieve the same recognition in the market place. That means that there are superstar product designers, engineers, advertising executives and so on — anybody with a proven record of success will become a celebrity in his or her own field. The authors write: ‘The winner-take-all markets ... have become an increasingly important feature of modern economic life.

The Logic of Life: The Rational Economics of an Irrational World by Tim Harford

activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, affirmative action, Albert Einstein, Andrei Shleifer, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, business cycle, colonial rule, company town, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, double entry bookkeeping, Dr. Strangelove, Edward Glaeser, en.wikipedia.org, endowment effect, European colonialism, experimental economics, experimental subject, George Akerlof, income per capita, invention of the telephone, Jane Jacobs, John von Neumann, Larry Ellison, law of one price, Martin Wolf, mutually assured destruction, New Economic Geography, new economy, Patri Friedman, plutocrats, Richard Florida, Richard Thaler, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, spinning jenny, Steve Jobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the market place, the strength of weak ties, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thomas Malthus, Tyler Cowen, women in the workforce, zero-sum game

The first researchers were British sociologists Roger Jowell and Patricia Prescott-Clarke, whose work, published in 1970, strongly influenced parliamentary debate at the time. Economists Peter Riach and Judith Rich, who have themselves carried out many such trials, survey the history of the method in “Field Experiments of Discrimination in the Market Place,” Economic Journal 112 (November 2002): 480–518. To find out who suffers: Gary Becker, The Economics of Discrimination (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971). Also see Glen Cain, “The Economic Analysis of Labor Market Discrimination: A Survey,” in Orley Ashenfelter and Richard Layard, eds., Handbook of Labor Economics (New York: Elsevier, 1986), chapter 13.

Paper Money Collapse: The Folly of Elastic Money and the Coming Monetary Breakdown by Detlev S. Schlichter

bank run, banks create money, British Empire, business cycle, capital controls, Carmen Reinhart, central bank independence, currency peg, fixed income, Fractional reserve banking, German hyperinflation, global reserve currency, inflation targeting, Kenneth Rogoff, Kickstarter, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, market clearing, Martin Wolf, means of production, Money creation, money market fund, moral hazard, mortgage debt, open economy, Ponzi scheme, price discovery process, price mechanism, price stability, pushing on a string, quantitative easing, reserve currency, rising living standards, risk tolerance, savings glut, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, transaction costs, We are all Keynesians now, Y2K

We conclude that the fractional-reserve banks are constrained in their money creation neither by any independent demand for money nor by any independent demand for loans. If they are willing to lower reserve ratios and thus run a higher risk of illiquidity—that is, being unable to meet redemption requests—they can increase their loan portfolio by encouraging additional borrowing through lower rates and place the additional money in the market place independent of the state of money demand. If money demand has not risen, the additional money will be absorbed via a tendency toward higher prices, that is, a lower purchasing power of the individual monetary unit. The only constraining factor is the overall level of reserves and the risk of a bank run.

Monte Carlo Simulation and Finance by Don L. McLeish

algorithmic bias, Black-Scholes formula, Brownian motion, capital asset pricing model, compound rate of return, discrete time, distributed generation, finite state, frictionless, frictionless market, implied volatility, incomplete markets, invention of the printing press, martingale, p-value, random walk, risk free rate, Sharpe ratio, short selling, stochastic process, stochastic volatility, survivorship bias, the market place, transaction costs, value at risk, Wiener process, zero-coupon bond, zero-sum game

We can determine the corresponding weights on the bond and stocks (x, y) simply by solving the two equations in two unknowns x(1 + r) + ysu = V (su) x(1 + r) + ysd = V (sd) Solving: y ∗ = V (su)−V (sd) su−sd and x∗ = V (su)−y∗ su . 1+r By buying y ∗ units of stock and x∗ units of bond, we are able to replicate the contingent claim V (S1 ) exactly- i.e. produce a portfolio of stocks and bonds with exactly the same return as the contingent claim. So in this case at least, there can be only one possible present value for the contingent claim ∗ and that is the present value ∗ of the replicating portfolio x + y s. If the market placed any other value on the contingent claim, then a trader could guarantee a positive return by a simple trade, shorting the contingent claim and buying the equivalent portfolio or buying the contingent claim and shorting the replicating portfolio. Thus this is the only price that precludes an arbitrage opportunity.

The Map of Knowledge: How Classical Ideas Were Lost and Found: A History in Seven Cities by Violet Moller

Book of Ingenious Devices, British Empire, classic study, double entry bookkeeping, Johannes Kepler, Murano, Venice glass, Republic of Letters, spice trade, the market place, trade route, wikimedia commons

In return for ‘nine hundred excellent volumes in Greek and Latin, worth about 15,000 ducats,’9 the Venetian state would provide a suitable library building to house the books, make them accessible to ‘students of all nations’10 and ensure they were not taken out of the city. In the late fifteenth century, Venice was at the peak of her mercantile supremacy. It was said that anything you dreamed of could be bought there. According to one visitor, the Piazza San Marco was ‘the market-place of the world.’11 It must have been intoxicating for travellers arriving from Northern Europe, assaulted by the crowds, the hawkers, guides, quacks and beggars, the stench of the canals and the scent of spices, the laments of the gondoliers and the constant slapping of water on stone. Every year, a glorious fair filled the piazza for two riotous weeks.

Made to Break: Technology and Obsolescence in America by Giles Slade

Albert Einstein, Alexey Pajitnov wrote Tetris, American ideology, Apollo Guidance Computer, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, Buckminster Fuller, business cycle, Cass Sunstein, Charles Babbage, Charles Lindbergh, creative destruction, disinformation, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Dr. Strangelove, Fairchild Semiconductor, Ford Model T, global village, Herman Kahn, housing crisis, indoor plumbing, invention of radio, Jeff Hawkins, John Perry Barlow, Joseph Schumpeter, Lewis Mumford, Marshall McLuhan, Mikhail Gorbachev, more computing power than Apollo, mutually assured destruction, PalmPilot, planned obsolescence, public intellectual, Ralph Nader, rent control, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, Steve Jobs, Strategic Defense Initiative, Suez crisis 1956, the market place, the medium is the message, The Soul of a New Machine, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thorstein Veblen, unemployed young men, upwardly mobile, Vladimir Vetrov: Farewell Dossier, white picket fence, women in the workforce

An internationally respected economist, Galbraith brought the planned obsolescence controversy into academia by observing that a society which sets for itself the goal of increasing its supply of goods will tend, inevitably, to identify all innovation with additions to, changes in, or increases in its stock of goods. It will assume, accordingly, that most research will be induced and rewarded in the market place. Much will be . . . Under the proper circumstances . . . we may expect the economy to do a superior job of inventing, developing and redesigning consumer goods and improving their process of manufacture . . . Much of this achievement will impress us only so long as we do not inquire how the demand for the products . . . is contrived and sustained.

Fabricated: The New World of 3D Printing by Hod Lipson, Melba Kurman

3D printing, a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away, additive manufacturing, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, carbon footprint, Charles Babbage, cloud computing, crowdsourcing, DIY culture, dumpster diving, Easter island, en.wikipedia.org, factory automation, Free Software Foundation, game design, global supply chain, invisible hand, James Watt: steam engine, Jeff Bezos, Kickstarter, Lean Startup, lifelogging, Mars Rover, Marshall McLuhan, microcredit, Minecraft, Neal Stephenson, new economy, off grid, personalized medicine, planned obsolescence, printed gun, Ray Kurzweil, Richard Feynman, stem cell, Steve Jobs, technological singularity, TED Talk, the long tail, the market place

When Cathy Lewis first showed off the Cube at electronics trade shows and industry events, she discovered an unexpected degree of interest not just from consumers, but also from small manufacturing companies. “At first we were surprised by the number of people who started asking about whether they could use the Cube for end-use manufacturing,” said Cathy. “I think there’s a need in the market place to help companies envision how to break through their current paradigms to capture the benefits of this new type of manufacturing.” Today, 3D Systems keeps track of several game-changing trends that will shape the future of the 3D printing business. The company believes that cloud-based computing, Big Data analysis, and the ever-growing presence of powerful and smart mobile devices will open up new creative and business opportunities for everyone.

Municipal Dreams: The Rise and Fall of Council Housing by John Boughton

British Empire, deindustrialization, full employment, garden city movement, gentrification, ghettoisation, housing crisis, Jane Jacobs, Jeremy Corbyn, laissez-faire capitalism, Leo Hollis, manufacturing employment, negative equity, Neil Kinnock, neoliberal agenda, new economy, New Urbanism, profit motive, rent control, Right to Buy, rising living standards, Russell Brand, starchitect, systems thinking, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the market place, Traffic in Towns by Colin Buchanan, upwardly mobile, urban decay, urban planning, urban renewal, young professional

The lack of available building land in inner London, the necessity to house residents close to local employment, and the pressing need, above all, to build something better than the existing slums, compelled this shift for them as for others. In Stepney, where a large Jewish population needed to be ‘near the market places where they can obtain Kosher meat and also to be near their Synagogues’, moving out to Becontree or another of the LCC’s peripheral estates was seen as even less of an option.11 If such local pragmatism was one factor in the retreat from the high idealism of Tudor Walters and Addison, another and more important one was a powerful shift in the national political mood.

American Marxism by Mark R. Levin

"RICO laws" OR "Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations", 2021 United States Capitol attack, affirmative action, American ideology, belling the cat, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, BIPOC, Black Lives Matter, British Empire, carbon tax, centre right, clean water, collective bargaining, colonial exploitation, conceptual framework, coronavirus, COVID-19, creative destruction, critical race theory, crony capitalism, data science, defund the police, degrowth, deindustrialization, deplatforming, disinformation, Donald Trump, energy security, Food sovereignty, George Floyd, green new deal, Herbert Marcuse, high-speed rail, illegal immigration, income inequality, liberal capitalism, lockdown, Mark Zuckerberg, means of production, Michael Shellenberger, microaggression, New Journalism, open borders, Parler "social media", planned obsolescence, rolling blackouts, Ronald Reagan, school choice, school vouchers, single-payer health, tech billionaire, the market place, urban sprawl, yellow journalism

In her 2011 book, Marx and Education, she claimed, “An important insight of Marx was that capitalism is an economic system that cannot function without fundamental inequality—meaning that inequity is built into the way the system works. Business owners must make a profit to survive, and those who do not own businesses must find jobs and work in these enterprises, if they are to provide for themselves and their families. Workers (and other employees) are commodities, bought and sold in the market place like any other, at the lowest price. In order to make a profit, the capitalist must pay the worker less than the product s/he made can be sold for. (If the product is a service like health care or computer work, the owner of the business must take in more money than is paid to the employees, if the business is to survive.)

Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism by Peter Marshall

agricultural Revolution, anti-communist, anti-globalists, Bertrand Russell: In Praise of Idleness, classic study, clean water, collective bargaining, colonial rule, David Graeber, different worldview, do-ocracy, feminist movement, garden city movement, gentleman farmer, Great Leap Forward, Herbert Marcuse, hive mind, Howard Zinn, intentional community, invisible hand, laissez-faire capitalism, land reform, land tenure, Lao Tzu, Lewis Mumford, liberation theology, Machinery of Freedom by David Friedman, Mahatma Gandhi, means of production, military-industrial complex, MITM: man-in-the-middle, Murray Bookchin, Naomi Klein, open borders, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, plutocrats, post scarcity, profit motive, public intellectual, radical decentralization, Ralph Waldo Emerson, rewilding, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, sexual politics, the market place, union organizing, wage slave, washing machines reduced drudgery

As such it ‘prepares the woman for a life of a parasite, a dependent helpless servant, while it furnishes the man the right to a chattel mortgage over a human life’.45 A woman therefore emancipates herself when she admires a man only for the qualities of his heart and mind, asserts the right to follow that love without hindrance, and declares the absolute right to free motherhood. No anarchist thinker other than Godwin has compiled such a trenchant critique of the ‘market place of marriage’. Goldman not only advocated free love but practised it. She had at least one affair with another woman. In her twenties, she lived with Berkman and the artist Fedya as a ménage à trois. In 1908 when she was thirty-eight she took a lover called Ben Reitman who was nine years her junior.

…

Like Kropotkin, Bookchin believes that nature can offer the basis for objective ethics. Since ’nature is writing its own nature philosophy and ethics’, it is possible to draw moral lessons from the ways of nature.12 And the most important lesson is that nature is not blind, mute or stingy, but provides the grounds for human freedom.13 Rejecting the market-place image of nature, he adopts an ecological image which sees it as essentially creative, directive, mutualistic and fecund. Bookchin develops Hegel’s argument that substance is subjectivity but tries to release it from its idealist implications. He maintains that nature organizes itself into more complex and conscious forms, ever greater ‘complexity, subjectivity and mind’.14 Bookchin further gives an account of evolution which confirms Kropotkin’s stress on co-operation as the key factor in the survival of the species but adds that it takes place through an immanent striving rather than as the chance product of external forces.

…

Mill who are concerned with civil liberties like to call themselves libertarians. They tend to be individualists who trust in a society formed on the basis of voluntary agencies. They reject a strong centralized State and believe that social order, in the sense of the security of persons and property, can best be achieved through private firms competing freely in the market-place. In its moderate form, right libertarianism embraces laissez-faire liberals like Robert Nozick who call for a minimal State, and in its extreme form, anarcho-capitalists like Murray Rothbard and David Friedman who entirely repudiate the role of the State and look to the market as a means of ensuring social order.

The rough guide to walks in London and southeast England by Helena Smith, Judith Bamber

Alfred Russel Wallace, Isaac Newton, land tenure, the market place, trade route, urban sprawl

At the bottom of the track, 600m beyond Audley End Road, head out of the gate and into Saffron Walden via Abbey Lane, passing red-brick Victorian almshouses to your left before coming to a crossroads after 400m. From here, head straight on up George Street and then left onto Market Street, which takes you to the market place at the centre of this historic medieval town. Set at the heart of rich farmland, there has been a wealthy market town here since Saxon times, when the area became a major supplier of wheat and barley, as well as the country’s only producer of the saffron crocus, the tiny autumn flower used to dye wool that gave the town its name.

Understanding Asset Allocation: An Intuitive Approach to Maximizing Your Portfolio by Victor A. Canto

accounting loophole / creative accounting, airline deregulation, Alan Greenspan, Andrei Shleifer, asset allocation, Bretton Woods, business cycle, buy and hold, buy low sell high, California energy crisis, capital asset pricing model, commodity trading advisor, corporate governance, discounted cash flows, diversification, diversified portfolio, equity risk premium, financial engineering, fixed income, frictionless, global macro, high net worth, index fund, inflation targeting, invisible hand, John Meriwether, junk bonds, law of one price, liquidity trap, London Interbank Offered Rate, Long Term Capital Management, low cost airline, low interest rates, market bubble, merger arbitrage, money market fund, new economy, passive investing, Paul Samuelson, Performance of Mutual Funds in the Period, Phillips curve, price mechanism, purchasing power parity, risk free rate, risk tolerance, risk-adjusted returns, risk/return, rolling blackouts, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, selection bias, seminal paper, shareholder value, Sharpe ratio, short selling, statistical arbitrage, stocks for the long run, survivorship bias, systematic bias, Tax Reform Act of 1986, the market place, transaction costs, Y2K, yield curve, zero-sum game

Graphically, a tax increase’s effect can be depicted as a supply curve’s upward shift, where the vertical distance between the two supply curves is the tax’s amount (see Figure 11.3a). Consumers facing a higher price (P*) move upward along the demand curve and cut back on their purchases. Consumption of the taxed commodity falls to Q1 from Q0. Suppliers facing a lower price (P1) reduce the quantity delivered to the market place. Because consumers want to buy a lower quantity and suppliers want to sell a lower quantity, the new equilibrium requires that a lower quantity is transacted. The difference between the price the consumer paid (P*) and the price the suppliers paid (P1) denotes the marginal tax rate while the new quantity transacted denotes the tax base.

The New Science of Asset Allocation: Risk Management in a Multi-Asset World by Thomas Schneeweis, Garry B. Crowder, Hossein Kazemi

asset allocation, backtesting, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Bernie Madoff, Black Swan, book value, business cycle, buy and hold, capital asset pricing model, collateralized debt obligation, commodity trading advisor, correlation coefficient, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, currency risk, diversification, diversified portfolio, financial engineering, fixed income, global macro, high net worth, implied volatility, index fund, interest rate swap, invisible hand, managed futures, market microstructure, merger arbitrage, moral hazard, Myron Scholes, passive investing, Richard Feynman, Richard Feynman: Challenger O-ring, risk free rate, risk tolerance, risk-adjusted returns, risk/return, search costs, selection bias, Sharpe ratio, short selling, statistical model, stocks for the long run, survivorship bias, systematic trading, technology bubble, the market place, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, transaction costs, value at risk, yield curve, zero-sum game

., because of access to technology or information), the investor may be charged a fee equal to the excess return such that the net return will be similar to that of investment in the passive index (e.g., manager returns – manager fee ≥ return on passive index). The manager’s fee is supposed to cover the cost of acquiring the technology and/or information plus the investment made in time and effort to use that technology and information. The combination of the CAPM and the EMH gave the market place the twin academic pillars required for the development of the asset allocation industry. All that was needed was a third pillar, a business model capable of developing the infrastructure required to market this new industry. Fortunately, computers and information technology had advanced such that in the late 1960s the investment industry witnessed the expansion of the index business.

Prisoner's Dilemma: John Von Neumann, Game Theory, and the Puzzle of the Bomb by William Poundstone

90 percent rule, Albert Einstein, anti-communist, cuban missile crisis, Douglas Hofstadter, Dr. Strangelove, Frank Gehry, From Mathematics to the Technologies of Life and Death, Herman Kahn, Jacquard loom, John Nash: game theory, John von Neumann, Kenneth Arrow, means of production, Monroe Doctrine, mutually assured destruction, Nash equilibrium, Norbert Wiener, RAND corporation, Richard Feynman, seminal paper, statistical model, the market place, zero-sum game

It read: Statement re: CUBA CRISIS YOU ARE TO DIE Not in the course of nature, but within a few weeks, and not you alone, but your family, your friends, and all the inhabitants of Britain, together with many hundreds of millions of innocent people elsewhere. WHY? Because rich Americans dislike the Government that Cubans prefer, and have used part of their wealth to spread lies about it. WHAT CAN YOU DO? You can go out into the streets and into the market place, proclaiming, ‘Do not yield to ferocious and insane murderers. Do not imagine that it is your duty to die when your Prime Minister and the President of the United States tell you to do so. Remember rather your duty to your family, your friends, your country, the world you live in, and that future world which, if you so choose, may be glorious, happy, and free.’

The Sum of Small Things: A Theory of the Aspirational Class by Elizabeth Currid-Halkett

assortative mating, back-to-the-land, barriers to entry, Bernie Sanders, biodiversity loss, BRICs, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, clean water, cognitive dissonance, David Brooks, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, discrete time, disruptive innovation, Downton Abbey, East Village, Edward Glaeser, en.wikipedia.org, Etonian, fixed-gear, food desert, Ford Model T, gentrification, Geoffrey West, Santa Fe Institute, income inequality, iterative process, knowledge economy, longitudinal study, Mason jar, means of production, NetJets, new economy, New Urbanism, plutocrats, post scarcity, post-industrial society, profit maximization, public intellectual, Richard Florida, selection bias, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, systems thinking, tacit knowledge, The Design of Experiments, the High Line, The inhabitant of London could order by telephone, sipping his morning tea in bed, the various products of the whole earth, the long tail, the market place, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thorstein Veblen, Tony Hsieh, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, upwardly mobile, Veblen good, women in the workforce

It was expensive and not [readily] available. I was practicing law at the time and we used a lot more paper then, more than we do now. I was part of a state bar committee that reviewed rules for the state and a proposal came to require the use of recycled paper. My view then was we need to require people to do this then the market place will catch up. You know now that [this] is the case: you can go to Staples and buy 100% consumer waste paper that will work in your printer and it is cheaper [than standard paper]. I’m pretty convinced we can do this with food systems. That system is more complex … [But if we] create more scale, more support for local economies and farmers, we can encourage more wide-scale regenerative production practices.15 FASHION AND THE NOT-MADE-IN-CHINA MOVEMENT In 1919, in his treatise, The Economic Consequences of the Peace, John Maynard Keynes, commenting on the diversity of consumer choice at his disposal, remarked that “The inhabitant of London could order by telephone, sipping his morning tea in bed, the various products of the whole earth.”16 This observation was pre–World War II and pre-globalization as we know it.

The Truth Machine: The Blockchain and the Future of Everything by Paul Vigna, Michael J. Casey

3D printing, additive manufacturing, Airbnb, altcoin, Amazon Web Services, barriers to entry, basic income, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, Big Tech, bitcoin, blockchain, blood diamond, Blythe Masters, business process, buy and hold, carbon credits, carbon footprint, cashless society, circular economy, cloud computing, computer age, computerized trading, conceptual framework, content marketing, Credit Default Swap, cross-border payments, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, cyber-physical system, decentralized internet, dematerialisation, disinformation, disintermediation, distributed ledger, Donald Trump, double entry bookkeeping, Dunbar number, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, failed state, fake news, fault tolerance, fiat currency, financial engineering, financial innovation, financial intermediation, Garrett Hardin, global supply chain, Hernando de Soto, hive mind, informal economy, information security, initial coin offering, intangible asset, Internet of things, Joi Ito, Kickstarter, linked data, litecoin, longitudinal study, Lyft, M-Pesa, Marc Andreessen, market clearing, mobile money, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, Network effects, off grid, pets.com, post-truth, prediction markets, pre–internet, price mechanism, profit maximization, profit motive, Project Xanadu, ransomware, rent-seeking, RFID, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ross Ulbricht, Satoshi Nakamoto, self-driving car, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, smart contracts, smart meter, Snapchat, social web, software is eating the world, supply-chain management, Ted Nelson, the market place, too big to fail, trade route, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, Travis Kalanick, Turing complete, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, unbanked and underbanked, underbanked, universal basic income, Vitalik Buterin, web of trust, work culture , zero-sum game

The entire investment profession, which is structured around the delayed release of official, audited financial figures, is also very much at risk. The investment cycle of Wall Street stock brokerage and research is built around those data releases—analysts come up with updated projections on what they expect a company’s quarterly earnings per share will look like; the market places its bets; and then, when the numbers are dumped on them every three months, investors re-calibrate the share price, either positively or negatively. Everything in equities revolves around the quarterly numbers. The same is true for asset managers at mutual funds, pension funds, and hedge funds, whose compensation is determined by how well their portfolios perform on a quarterly basis compared with the broader market.

Using Open Source Platforms for Business Intelligence: Avoid Pitfalls and Maximize Roi by Lyndsay Wise

barriers to entry, business intelligence, business process, call centre, cloud computing, commoditize, different worldview, en.wikipedia.org, Just-in-time delivery, knowledge worker, Richard Stallman, Salesforce, software as a service, statistical model, supply-chain management, the market place

If using BI as an analytics tool only, with end user use being relegated to more technical business and data analysts, then the ability to interact with the data and to create new joins and analytics may be more important than providing high-level information. There is a term floating around the market place called “self-service.” The problem is that this term differs based on which vendor is discussing it. The importance of self-service is that solution providers are trying to expand BI use by creating easy-to-use applications. This ease of use should reflect who is using the solution. Just as different business users have different roles within the organization, the way they use BI will be different.

Data and the City by Rob Kitchin,Tracey P. Lauriault,Gavin McArdle

A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, algorithmic management, bike sharing, bitcoin, blockchain, Bretton Woods, Chelsea Manning, citizen journalism, Claude Shannon: information theory, clean water, cloud computing, complexity theory, conceptual framework, corporate governance, correlation does not imply causation, create, read, update, delete, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data science, dematerialisation, digital divide, digital map, digital rights, distributed ledger, Evgeny Morozov, fault tolerance, fiat currency, Filter Bubble, floating exchange rates, folksonomy, functional programming, global value chain, Google Earth, Hacker News, hive mind, information security, Internet of things, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, Lewis Mumford, lifelogging, linked data, loose coupling, machine readable, new economy, New Urbanism, Nicholas Carr, nowcasting, open economy, openstreetmap, OSI model, packet switching, pattern recognition, performance metric, place-making, power law, quantum entanglement, RAND corporation, RFID, Richard Florida, ride hailing / ride sharing, semantic web, sentiment analysis, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia, smart contracts, smart grid, smart meter, social graph, software studies, statistical model, tacit knowledge, TaskRabbit, technological determinism, technological solutionism, text mining, The Chicago School, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the long tail, the market place, the medium is the message, the scientific method, Toyota Production System, urban planning, urban sprawl, web application

As we have seen in the previous paragraphs, the datafication of urban life and the emergence of the real-time city have led to digital interfaces that have started to represent what Castells referred to as the rhythms, collective experience and shared social representations. Even more so: these interfaces have started to function as the market places and theatre spaces through which citizens perform part of their lives and forge connections with others. If Castells’s city can be understood as an offline interface that produces urban publics, our digital interfaces have taken over some of the functions of the city. Whether it is finding a date through Tinder, a ride through Uber, a power drill to borrow through Peerby, funders through Kickstarter, or a plumber through Taskrabbit, the network society has been turning into a platform society.

The Basque History of the World by Mark Kurlansky

anti-communist, borderless world, Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Bilbao, joint-stock company, open economy, spice trade, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith

It is inevitable that in such an era, the Church would also grow concerned about Basque heresy. In past times of intolerance, Basques had been lumped with other undesirable groups. In fourteenth-century Huesca, an area east of Navarra, an ordinance forbade the speaking of “Alavan, Basque, or Hebrew” in the market place. The Basques had accepted the persecution of Jews, Muslims, Lutherans, Gypsies, and Cagots. They should have been able to see that they would be next. BY THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY, witchcraft should have seemed a ridiculously old-fashioned accusation. In 787, Charlemagne had outlawed the execution of witches and made it a capital crime to burn a witch.

The Tyranny of Merit: What’s Become of the Common Good? by Michael J. Sandel

affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, anti-communist, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Boris Johnson, Brexit referendum, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, centre right, coronavirus, COVID-19, Credit Default Swap, Deng Xiaoping, Donald Trump, ending welfare as we know it, facts on the ground, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial innovation, global supply chain, helicopter parent, High speed trading, immigration reform, income inequality, Khan Academy, laissez-faire capitalism, meritocracy, meta-analysis, Nate Silver, new economy, obamacare, Occupy movement, open immigration, Paris climate accords, plutocrats, prosperity theology / prosperity gospel / gospel of success, Rishi Sunak, Ronald Reagan, smart grid, social distancing, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, W. E. B. Du Bois, Washington Consensus, Yochai Benkler

This confers divine sanction on the division of labor and supports a “providential interpretation of the economic order.” 17 Proving one’s state of grace through worldly activity brings meritocracy back in. The monks of the Middle Ages constituted a kind of “spiritual aristocracy,” pursuing their ascetic calling far removed from worldly pursuits. But with Calvinism, Christian asceticism “strode into the market-place of life” and “slammed the door of the monastery behind it.” All Christians were called to work and to prove their faith in worldly activity. “By founding its ethic in the doctrine of predestination,” Calvinism substituted for “the spiritual aristocracy of monks outside of and above the world the spiritual aristocracy of the predestined saints of God within the world.” 18 Confident of their election, this spiritual aristocracy of the elect looked down with disdain on those apparently destined for damnation.

Rogue Trader by Nick Leeson

corporate governance, margin call, Nick Leeson, price anchoring, proprietary trading, the market place

Of course the markets move on, are more sophisticated, more complex, more innovated but the problems that face the industry in keeping it safe and beyond reproach remain largely the same as they were twenty years ago. Regulators around the globe are now very focused on the subject of Conduct Risk and how this can be controlled. Conduct Risk is an amalgam of many things but it is not dissimilar to the problems that Nick Leeson, those before and those after him, presented to the market place. PREFACE T his is the part of the book where you might normally expect to find a short passage dedicating it to someone. I am not going to do that, as Rogue Trader recounts an episode in my life that I am not very proud of, and represents a part of my life that I am trying desperately hard to leave behind.

The Metropolitan Revolution: How Cities and Metros Are Fixing Our Broken Politics and Fragile Economy by Bruce Katz, Jennifer Bradley

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, additive manufacturing, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, benefit corporation, British Empire, business climate, carbon footprint, clean tech, clean water, collapse of Lehman Brothers, company town, congestion pricing, data science, deindustrialization, demographic transition, desegregation, Donald Shoup, double entry bookkeeping, edge city, Edward Glaeser, financial engineering, global supply chain, immigration reform, income inequality, industrial cluster, intermodal, Jane Jacobs, jitney, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, Lewis Mumford, lone genius, longitudinal study, Mark Zuckerberg, Masdar, megacity, megaproject, Menlo Park, Moneyball by Michael Lewis explains big data, Network effects, new economy, New Urbanism, Occupy movement, place-making, postindustrial economy, purchasing power parity, Quicken Loans, race to the bottom, Richard Florida, Shenzhen was a fishing village, Silicon Valley, smart cities, smart grid, sovereign wealth fund, tech worker, TechCrunch disrupt, TED Talk, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the market place, The Spirit Level, Tony Hsieh, too big to fail, trade route, transit-oriented development, urban planning, white flight, Yochai Benkler

Both factors stimulate organizational growth and appear to enhance innovation.”43 This uptick in collaborations came about because companies realized that they needed to get smarter and faster, producing more complex, technologically advanced products on a shorter time scale than ever before.44 Here’s how Hagel and Brown describe the shift (in terms more sociological than technical): In times of relative stability, what we uniquely know—our stock of distinctive knowledge—is extremely valuable and needs to be carefully protected. . . . If others acquire this knowledge . . . they threaten to erode our distinction in the market place—we are in a zero sum world—so it pays to be extremely protective of our stocks of knowledge. . . . As change accelerates, something interesting happens—and it can be very unsettling to leaders of large, established institutions. . . . Stocks of knowledge become progressively less valuable while flows of knowledge—the relationships that can help to generate new knowledge—become more and more valuable.

The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person's Guide to Writing in the 21st Century by Steven Pinker

butterfly effect, carbon footprint, cognitive load, crowdsourcing, Douglas Hofstadter, feminist movement, functional fixedness, hindsight bias, illegal immigration, index card, invention of the printing press, invention of the telephone, language acquisition, lolcat, McMansion, meta-analysis, moral panic, Nelson Mandela, off-the-grid, profit maximization, quantitative easing, quantum entanglement, race to the bottom, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Feynman, short selling, Steven Pinker, the market place, theory of mind, Turing machine

Pullum, “Lying feminist ideologues wreck English language, says Yale prof,” Language Log, 2008, http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl /languagelog/archives/005423.html, and Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage, 1994. 51. Foertsch & Gernsbacher, 1997. 52. From G. J. Stigler, “The intellectual and the market place,” Selected Papers No. 3, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago, 1967. 53. H. Churchyard, “Everyone loves their Jane Austen,” http://www.crossmyt.com/hc/linghebr/austheir.html. 54. G. K. Pullum, “Singular they with known sex,” Language Log, 2006, http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/002742.html. 55.

Hell's Angels: A Strange and Terrible Saga by Hunter S. Thompson

air freight, anti-communist, Golden Gate Park, Mason jar, the market place, traffic fines, traveling salesman, urban sprawl

With all its machinery and thinking geared to 1,200-cubic-inch engines, the company has little hope of competing on the light and middleweight markets until at least 1970 … but they still have plenty of muscle in the heavyweight class, and in 1966 Harleys were winning as many big races as BSAs or Triumphs. This hazy equality has not been maintained, however, in the market place. Most H-D racers are custom-built originals, made to order for some of the best riders in America and with much larger engines than their British competitors. Harley has yet to come up with a production model that can compete with Japanese or European imports—on the street, the track or in dirt—in terms of weight, price, handling ability or engine size.

The Map That Changed the World by Simon Winchester

British Empire, gentleman farmer, Gregor Mendel, Isaac Newton, James Hargreaves, James Watt: steam engine, mortgage debt, spinning jenny, the market place, the scientific method, Thomas Malthus, trade route, traveling salesman

If Townsend could do such a thing, Richardson suddenly thought, then perhaps some less scrupulous men—maybe numbered among those who had been so generously sent details of Smith’s thinking—might also be drawn to publishing, and to stealing Smith’s glory for themselves. Richardson heard that Smith was passing through Bath on one of his countless freelance excursions, found out that he was putting up at “the Pack Horse, in the Market Place,” and penned him a hurried warning, a document that later turned out to be as prescient as its language was orotund. “My dear friend,” he wrote: To prevent the first admission of the ideas of your communication being turned to another’s advantage (which however I cannot injure our friend the Rev.

Irrational Exuberance: With a New Preface by the Author by Robert J. Shiller

Alan Greenspan, Andrei Shleifer, asset allocation, banking crisis, benefit corporation, Benoit Mandelbrot, book value, business cycle, buy and hold, computer age, correlation does not imply causation, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, demographic transition, diversification, diversified portfolio, equity premium, Everybody Ought to Be Rich, experimental subject, hindsight bias, income per capita, index fund, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Joseph Schumpeter, Long Term Capital Management, loss aversion, Mahbub ul Haq, mandelbrot fractal, market bubble, market design, market fundamentalism, Mexican peso crisis / tequila crisis, Milgram experiment, money market fund, moral hazard, new economy, open economy, pattern recognition, Phillips curve, Ponzi scheme, price anchoring, random walk, Richard Thaler, risk tolerance, Robert Shiller, Ronald Reagan, Small Order Execution System, spice trade, statistical model, stocks for the long run, Suez crisis 1956, survivorship bias, the market place, Tobin tax, transaction costs, tulip mania, uptick rule, urban decay, Y2K

Despite some initial difficulties getting its site launched, it has a longer-run advantage over eToys in that dissatisfied purchasers of toys on the Internet can go to one of its numerous retail outlets for returns or advice. In addition, customers who are already shopping at one of those outlets may naturally gravitate to the Toys “R” Us Web site when they make Web purchases. The valuation the market places on stocks such as eToys appears absurd to many observers, and yet the influence of these observers on market prices does not seem to correct the mispricing. What could they do that would have the effect of correcting it? Those who doubt the value of these stocks could try to sell them short, and some will, but their willingness to do so is limited since there is always a possibility that the stock will be bid up even further by enthusiastic investors.

The Future of Money by Bernard Lietaer

agricultural Revolution, Alan Greenspan, Alvin Toffler, banks create money, barriers to entry, billion-dollar mistake, Bretton Woods, business cycle, clean water, complexity theory, corporate raider, currency risk, dematerialisation, discounted cash flows, diversification, fiat currency, financial deregulation, financial innovation, floating exchange rates, full employment, geopolitical risk, George Gilder, German hyperinflation, global reserve currency, Golden Gate Park, Howard Rheingold, informal economy, invention of the telephone, invention of writing, John Perry Barlow, Lao Tzu, Lewis Mumford, low interest rates, Mahatma Gandhi, means of production, microcredit, Money creation, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, Norbert Wiener, North Sea oil, offshore financial centre, pattern recognition, post-industrial society, price stability, Recombinant DNA, reserve currency, risk free rate, Ronald Reagan, San Francisco homelessness, seigniorage, Silicon Valley, South Sea Bubble, The Future of Employment, the market place, the payments system, Thomas Davenport, trade route, transaction costs, trickle-down economics, two and twenty, working poor, world market for maybe five computers

Some people would like to extrapolate such dizzying trends Forever; as of November 1998, the Amazon.com stock market valuation was $6.3 billion. In 1998, the largest publisher the world. Bertelsmann of Germany, decided to acquire Barnes and Noble's Internet shop so it could partake directly in the electronic fray. However, the real Internet book revolution is still invisible in the market place. Patents have been issued for a thin-leafed 'electronic book'. Such an 'e-book' looks like a normal book with a few hundred paper-thin pages, but each 'intelligent' page is controlled by its own computer chip and covered with millions of microscopic two-toned particles. The book's 'spine' hides the chips, power and connection plugs needed.

Fall: The Mysterious Life and Death of Robert Maxwell, Britain's Most Notorious Media Baron by John Preston

accounting loophole / creative accounting, Albert Einstein, Berlin Wall, computer age, Desert Island Discs, Donald Trump, Fall of the Berlin Wall, G4S, global village, intangible asset, invention of the wheel, Jeffrey Epstein, Mikhail Gorbachev, Neil Kinnock, Nelson Mandela, Ronald Reagan, Seymour Hersh, the market place

If you were very lucky, you might spot a wolf, or a wild boar, in the forest. As for the people, there wasn’t much to recommend them either. According to the pamphlet, they were not only unusually thick, but apt to be surly with it: ‘The rather unintelligent Ruthenians, whose expression is almost blank-stare, sit in the market-place, side by side, gazing at the distance, seldom speaking a word or moving a muscle.’ A far better bet was Ruthenia’s large population of Jews, who were generally better-looking, more sophisticated and less grumpy. In later life, Robert Maxwell seldom talked about his childhood, and what snippets of information he did provide tended to come richly coated in myth.

Antwerp: The Glory Years by Michael Pye

European colonialism, Gerolamo Cardano, moral hazard, Republic of Letters, spice trade, the market place, trade route, traveling salesman

Bii. 2 Mario Mazzolani, Simone Turchi: storia di un delitto famoso e commento a una novella del Bandello (Lucca, 1937); and in Bolletino storico Lucchese A – B (Lucca, 1936), Mazzolani checked Bandello’s version against the archive material in Antwerp and found it remarkably accurate: p. 29, n. 3. 3 Cf. Adelin Charles Fiorato, Bandello entre l’histoire et l’écriture (Florence, 1979), pp. 506ff. 4 Ibid., p. 506. 5 Novelle di Matteo Bandello (Milan, 1814), 4:9, p. 11. 6 Fiorato, Bandello entre l’histoire et l’écriture, p. 567. 7 Ian Maclean, Learning and the Market Place: Essays in the History of the Early Modern Book (Leiden, 2009), p. 231, n. 15. 8 In Bandello’s letter to his readers: Novelle di Matteo Bandello 4:9, p. 8. 9 Girolamo Cardano, De rerum varietate (Avignon, 1558), book 17, ch. 96, pp. 856–7 for Antwerp in general; book 9, ch. 53, pp. 334–5 for the murder and the chair. 10 See Giovanni M.

Around the World in 80 Plants by Steven Barstow

food miles, peak oil, the market place

The father of modern US foraging, Euell Gibbons (1961) tells how he once prepared a complete dandelion meal with the roots as a root vegetable, the crowns as a cooked green, dandelion leaf salad, all washed down with dandelion wine, finishing the meal with dandelion coffee! Dandelion: the complete edible! You’d be forgiven for wondering why on earth one would ever want to grow dandelions. However, commercial cultivation started in the 19th century in response to increasing demand at the market place. Hedrick (1919) tells us that dandelions were already being cultivated for the Boston Market in the US in 1836, cultivation is first mentioned in the UK in 1846, and Vilmorin-Andrieux has dandelions being cultivated in France from 1868. The upright dense-leaved variety ‘Coeur Plein Ameliore’ (literally ‘Improved Full Heart’) has been one of the most popular varieties since at least 1883 as it is productive with many leaves and the erect leaf habit also being an advantage, as they don’t so easily get soiled.

The Naked and the Dead by Norman Mailer

back-to-the-land, company town, Norman Mailer, the market place

(All the frenetic schemings, the cigar smoke, the coke smoke, the carbolic and retch of the el, the frightened passion for movement of an ant nest suddenly jarred, the vast hurried grabbing plans of thousands of men whose importance is confined to a street, a café, and there is no other sense than one of the present. History is remembered with a shrug; its superlatives do not match ours. The immense ego of city people. How do you conceive your own death, your own unimportance in all that man-created immensity, through all the marble vaults and brick ridges and the furnaces that lead to the market place? You always believe somehow that the world will end with your death. It is all more intense, more violent, more rutted than life anywhere else.) And in the humus around the mushroom stem grow the suburbs. Since we added that last wing, we got twenty-two rooms now, Lord knows what the hell we’re gonna do with ’em, Bill Hearn shouts.

…

Somewhere in America now were the cities, and the refuse sitting on the steps, the electric lights and the obeisance to them. (All the frenetic schemings, the cigar smoke, the coke smoke, the passion for movement like an ant nest suddenly jarred. How do you conceive your own death in all the marble vaults, the brick ridges and the furnaces that lead to the market place?) It was disappearing now, the water washing almost completely over the land, the long vast night of the Pacific settling overhead. And there was the yearning toward the land that disappeared. Not love, not hate necessarily, but an emotion when he had expected none at all. Always there was the power that leaped at you, invited you.

Seven Pillars of Wisdom by T. E. Lawrence

dark pattern, intangible asset, invention of gunpowder, the market place

CHAPTER XXIV EARLY next morning, having seen that the Hardinge was unloading without friction, I went ashore to Sheikh Yusuf, and found him helping his Bisha police, the frightened villagers and a squad of old Maulud's men to throw a quick barricade across the end of the main street. He told me that fifty wild mules, without halter or bridle or saddle, had been loosed on shore that morning from a ship. By luck rather than skill they had been stampeded into the market-place: the exits were now safely barred, and there they must remain, ramping about the stalls, till Maulud, to whom they were addressed, invented saddlery in the wilderness. This was the second batch of fifty mules for the mounted unit, and by the chance of our fear at Yenbo we, fortunately, had spare ropes and bits enough for them on board the Hardinge.

…

Things were almost at a break. Auda affected a magnanimity very galling to the Motalga boys, Metaab and Annad, sons of Abtan, whom Auda's son had killed. They, lithe, definite, self-conscious figures, began to talk big about revenge — tom-tits threatening a hawk. Auda declared he would whip them in the market-place if they were rude. This was very well, but their followers were two to every man of his, and we should have the village in a blaze. The young fellows, with Rahail, my ruffler, went flaunting in every street. Zeid thanked and paid Auda and sent him back to his desert. The enlightened heads of the Muhaisin had to go as forced guests to Feisal's tent.

Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist by Kate Raworth

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", 3D printing, Alan Greenspan, Alvin Toffler, Anthropocene, Asian financial crisis, bank run, basic income, battle of ideas, behavioural economics, benefit corporation, Berlin Wall, biodiversity loss, bitcoin, blockchain, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, Buckminster Fuller, business cycle, call centre, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon tax, Cass Sunstein, choice architecture, circular economy, clean water, cognitive bias, collapse of Lehman Brothers, complexity theory, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, degrowth, dematerialisation, disruptive innovation, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Easter island, en.wikipedia.org, energy transition, Erik Brynjolfsson, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, experimental economics, Exxon Valdez, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial deregulation, Financial Instability Hypothesis, full employment, Future Shock, Garrett Hardin, Glass-Steagall Act, global supply chain, global village, Henri Poincaré, hiring and firing, Howard Zinn, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invention of writing, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, it is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends on his not understanding it, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Rogoff, Kickstarter, land reform, land value tax, Landlord’s Game, loss aversion, low interest rates, low skilled workers, M-Pesa, Mahatma Gandhi, market fundamentalism, Martin Wolf, means of production, megacity, Minsky moment, mobile money, Money creation, Mont Pelerin Society, Myron Scholes, neoliberal agenda, Network effects, Occupy movement, ocean acidification, off grid, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, out of africa, Paul Samuelson, peer-to-peer, planetary scale, price mechanism, quantitative easing, randomized controlled trial, retail therapy, Richard Thaler, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Second Machine Age, secular stagnation, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, smart cities, smart meter, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, South Sea Bubble, statistical model, Steve Ballmer, systems thinking, TED Talk, The Chicago School, The Great Moderation, the map is not the territory, the market place, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, Torches of Freedom, Tragedy of the Commons, trickle-down economics, ultimatum game, universal basic income, Upton Sinclair, Vilfredo Pareto, wikimedia commons

Throughout the twentieth century, widespread use of the word ‘consumer’ grew steadily in public life, policymaking and the media until it far outstripped the word ‘citizen’: in English-language books and newspapers, that happened in the mid 1970s.19 Why does it matter? Because, explains the media and cultural analyst Justin Lewis, ‘Unlike the citizen, the consumer’s means of expression is limited: while citizens can address every aspect of cultural, social and economic life … consumers find expression only in the market place.’20 The Chicago Board Options Exchange, where markets came to mimic market theory. The twenty-first-century portrait The portrait we paint of ourselves clearly shapes who we become. That is why it is essential for economics to portray humankind anew. By better understanding our own complexity, we can nurture human nature and give ourselves a far greater chance of creating economies that enable us to thrive within the Doughnut’s safe and just space.

The Blockchain Alternative: Rethinking Macroeconomic Policy and Economic Theory by Kariappa Bheemaiah

"World Economic Forum" Davos, accounting loophole / creative accounting, Ada Lovelace, Adam Curtis, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, algorithmic trading, asset allocation, autonomous vehicles, balance sheet recession, bank run, banks create money, Basel III, basic income, behavioural economics, Ben Bernanke: helicopter money, bitcoin, Bletchley Park, blockchain, Bretton Woods, Brexit referendum, business cycle, business process, call centre, capital controls, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, cashless society, cellular automata, central bank independence, Charles Babbage, Claude Shannon: information theory, cloud computing, cognitive dissonance, collateralized debt obligation, commoditize, complexity theory, constrained optimization, corporate governance, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, cross-border payments, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data science, David Graeber, deep learning, deskilling, Diane Coyle, discrete time, disruptive innovation, distributed ledger, diversification, double entry bookkeeping, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, fiat currency, financial engineering, financial innovation, financial intermediation, Flash crash, floating exchange rates, Fractional reserve banking, full employment, George Akerlof, Glass-Steagall Act, Higgs boson, illegal immigration, income inequality, income per capita, inflation targeting, information asymmetry, interest rate derivative, inventory management, invisible hand, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, John von Neumann, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, junk bonds, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Rogoff, Kevin Kelly, knowledge economy, large denomination, Large Hadron Collider, Lewis Mumford, liquidity trap, London Whale, low interest rates, low skilled workers, M-Pesa, machine readable, Marc Andreessen, market bubble, market fundamentalism, Mexican peso crisis / tequila crisis, Michael Milken, MITM: man-in-the-middle, Money creation, money market fund, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, mortgage debt, natural language processing, Network effects, new economy, Nikolai Kondratiev, offshore financial centre, packet switching, Pareto efficiency, pattern recognition, peer-to-peer lending, Ponzi scheme, power law, precariat, pre–internet, price mechanism, price stability, private sector deleveraging, profit maximization, QR code, quantitative easing, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, Ray Kurzweil, Real Time Gross Settlement, rent control, rent-seeking, robo advisor, Satoshi Nakamoto, Satyajit Das, Savings and loan crisis, savings glut, seigniorage, seminal paper, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart contracts, software as a service, software is eating the world, speech recognition, statistical model, Stephen Hawking, Stuart Kauffman, supply-chain management, technology bubble, The Chicago School, The Future of Employment, The Great Moderation, the market place, The Nature of the Firm, the payments system, the scientific method, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, too big to fail, trade liberalization, transaction costs, Turing machine, Turing test, universal basic income, Vitalik Buterin, Von Neumann architecture, Washington Consensus

Days before Lehman Brothers fell, we were watching credit spreads on Lehman and a number of the world’s trading banks’ gap-out basis points indicating real stress in their viability….” “… We were in conversations with bank prudential regulators who were asking us questions as to what we were seeing in the market place, where were the credit spreads, how much stress were the trading counter parties under, whether certain counterparts were not trading with other counter parties …basically what signals was the market giving the trading platforms that the regulators didn’t have in their data sets…. It became clear to me, [that] at the core of the financial crisis was a lack of visibility by regulators into the counterparty credit exposures of the world’s largest trading banks between each other….” “… Now, the regulatory solution to that in Dodd Frank was to create swap data repositories where information can be gathered and then reassembled to somehow look like the actual trading ledgers of the different financial institutions…and eight years after the crisis, that’s where we are.

The Third Industrial Revolution: How Lateral Power Is Transforming Energy, the Economy, and the World by Jeremy Rifkin

3D printing, additive manufacturing, Albert Einstein, American ideology, An Inconvenient Truth, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, bike sharing, borderless world, carbon footprint, centre right, clean tech, collaborative consumption, collaborative economy, Community Supported Agriculture, corporate governance, decarbonisation, deep learning, distributed generation, electricity market, en.wikipedia.org, energy security, energy transition, Ford Model T, global supply chain, Great Leap Forward, high-speed rail, hydrogen economy, income inequality, industrial cluster, informal economy, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, Isaac Newton, job automation, knowledge economy, manufacturing employment, marginal employment, Martin Wolf, Masdar, megacity, Mikhail Gorbachev, new economy, off grid, off-the-grid, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, open borders, peak oil, Ponzi scheme, post-oil, purchasing power parity, Ray Kurzweil, rewilding, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, scientific management, scientific worldview, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, Skype, smart grid, smart meter, Spread Networks laid a new fibre optics cable between New York and Chicago, supply-chain management, systems thinking, tech billionaire, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, too big to fail, transaction costs, trickle-down economics, urban planning, urban renewal, Yom Kippur War, Zipcar

SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP The collaborative nature of the new economy is fundamentally at odds with classical economic theory, which puts great store on the assumption that individual self-interest in the marketplace is the only effective way to drive economic growth. The Third Industrial Revolution model also eschews the kind of centralized command and control associated with traditional Soviet-style socialist economies. The new model favors lateral ventures, both in social commons and in the market place, on the assumption that mutual interest, pursued jointly, is the best route to sustainable economic development. The new era represents a democratization of entrepreneurship—everyone becomes a producer of their own energy—but also requires a collaborative approach to sharing energy across neighborhoods, regions, and whole continents.

The Computer Boys Take Over: Computers, Programmers, and the Politics of Technical Expertise by Nathan L. Ensmenger

barriers to entry, business process, Charles Babbage, Claude Shannon: information theory, computer age, deskilling, Donald Knuth, Firefox, Frederick Winslow Taylor, functional programming, future of work, Grace Hopper, informal economy, information retrieval, interchangeable parts, Isaac Newton, Jacquard loom, job satisfaction, John von Neumann, knowledge worker, Larry Ellison, loose coupling, machine readable, new economy, no silver bullet, Norbert Wiener, pattern recognition, performance metric, Philip Mirowski, post-industrial society, Productivity paradox, RAND corporation, Robert Gordon, scientific management, Shoshana Zuboff, sorting algorithm, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, systems thinking, tacit knowledge, technological determinism, the market place, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Thorstein Veblen, Turing machine, Von Neumann architecture, world market for maybe five computers, Y2K

The continuous gap between the demand and supply of qualified computer personnel had in recent years pushed up their salary levels far faster (and in many cases higher) than those of other professionals and managers. In 1965 the ADP (Automatic Data Processing, Inc.) newsletter predicted average salary increases in data processing in the range of 40 to 50 percent over the next five years.36 Programming professionals had a “personal monopoly” that “manifests itself in the market place,” which provided them with considerable opportunities for horizontal mobility, either in pursuit of higher salaries or more challenging positions.37 Simply maintaining existing programming staff levels proved a real trial for personnel managers.38 One large employer experienced a sustained turnover rate of 10 percent per month.39 For entry-level programmers whose marketability increased rapidly the turnover rate was a high as 100 percent, one personnel manager estimated, which further exacerbated the problem of training and recruitment.40 Who was willing to train programmers only to see them leverage that investment into a higher salary elsewhere?

Understanding Sponsored Search: Core Elements of Keyword Advertising by Jim Jansen

AltaVista, AOL-Time Warner, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, Black Swan, bounce rate, business intelligence, butterfly effect, call centre, Claude Shannon: information theory, complexity theory, content marketing, correlation does not imply causation, data science, en.wikipedia.org, first-price auction, folksonomy, Future Shock, information asymmetry, information retrieval, intangible asset, inventory management, life extension, linear programming, longitudinal study, machine translation, megacity, Nash equilibrium, Network effects, PageRank, place-making, power law, price mechanism, psychological pricing, random walk, Schrödinger's Cat, sealed-bid auction, search costs, search engine result page, second-price auction, second-price sealed-bid, sentiment analysis, social bookmarking, social web, software as a service, stochastic process, tacit knowledge, telemarketer, the market place, The Present Situation in Quantum Mechanics, the scientific method, The Wisdom of Crowds, Vickrey auction, Vilfredo Pareto, yield management

How do people think and talk about you when you are not present? How do people think and talk about your company? What positioning do you have in your market, in terms of the specific words people use when they describe you and your offerings to others? Position advertising is a direct method of achieving position in the market place. How customers view a business can be a critical determinant of success in a competitive marketplace [80]. Many times a customer’s view of a business may be a single attribute, either positive or negative. For example: “the service of this airline sucks,” “this store always has cool stuff!” or “the chef in this restaurant always makes great desserts!”

A People’s History of Computing in the United States by Joy Lisi Rankin

activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Albert Einstein, Apple II, Bill Gates: Altair 8800, Charles Babbage, Compatible Time-Sharing System, computer age, Computer Lib, corporate social responsibility, digital divide, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Grace Hopper, Hacker Ethic, Howard Rheingold, Howard Zinn, it's over 9,000, Jeff Bezos, John Markoff, John von Neumann, language acquisition, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, military-industrial complex, Mother of all demos, Multics, Network effects, Norbert Wiener, pink-collar, profit motive, public intellectual, punch-card reader, RAND corporation, Silicon Valley, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, Ted Nelson, the market place, urban planning, Whole Earth Catalog, wikimedia commons

EDUCOM: Bulletin of the Interuniversity Communications Council 9, no. 1 (Spring 1974): 14–15. Wiener, Norbert. Cybernetics: Or, Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948. Wise, Thomas A. “IBM’s $5,000,000,000 G ­ amble.” Fortune, September 1966, 118. —­—­—. “The Rocky Road to the Market Place.” Fortune, October 1966, 138. Wolfe, Audra J. Competing with the Soviets: Science, Technology, and the State in Cold War Amer­i­ca. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013. —­—­—. “Speaking for Nature and Nation: Biologists as Public Intellectuals in Cold War Culture.” PhD diss., University of Pennsylvania, 2002.

Cards of Identity by Nigel Dennis

anti-communist, centre right, the market place

As in a dream, I saw policemen pulling her off and Vinson being carried away with the bread. I was alone; but processions, once started, never stop. The badger was undamaged. So was I. On we marched, to Euston and the grave. * Today, it is I who sit at the auctioneer’s raised table, holding in my hand the ivory emblem of the market-place. And it is she, my darling wife, who sits at my elbow, her slim fingers quickly noting the final bid, her eyes alert for the twitched ear, the flared nostril, the jumping shoulder. And below us, more often than not, sit my four aunts, gazing up at us with expressions of permanent astonishment.

Green Philosophy: How to Think Seriously About the Planet by Roger Scruton

An Inconvenient Truth, barriers to entry, carbon credits, carbon footprint, carbon tax, Cass Sunstein, Climategate, Climatic Research Unit, corporate social responsibility, demand response, Easter island, edge city, endowment effect, energy security, Exxon Valdez, failed state, food miles, garden city movement, Garrett Hardin, ghettoisation, happiness index / gross national happiness, Herbert Marcuse, hobby farmer, Howard Zinn, income inequality, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, Jane Jacobs, joint-stock company, joint-stock limited liability company, Kenneth Arrow, knowledge economy, Lewis Mumford, market friction, Martin Wolf, moral hazard, Naomi Klein, New Urbanism, Peter Singer: altruism, phenotype, precautionary principle, rent-seeking, Robert Solow, Ronald Coase, Sam Peltzman, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, tacit knowledge, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the market place, Thomas Malthus, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, University of East Anglia, urban planning, urban sprawl, Vilfredo Pareto, women in the workforce, zero-sum game

By separating ownership from control, and insulating both the shareholder and the director from the full costs of their mistakes, these legal devices encourage risk-taking beyond anything that the market would otherwise allow. In the words of Kenneth Arrow, ‘the law steps in and forces a risk shifting not created in the market-place’.193 Hence in the last two years we have seen bankers carelessly destroying the savings entrusted to them, and paying themselves vast bonuses at the very moment of doing so. Whatever the adverse effects of limited liability and shareholding, however, we should not take them as a reason for welcoming the intrusion of the state.

Outposts: Journeys to the Surviving Relics of the British Empire by Simon Winchester

borderless world, British Empire, colonial rule, Corn Laws, Edmond Halley, European colonialism, gentleman farmer, illegal immigration, Khyber Pass, laissez-faire capitalism, offshore financial centre, sensible shoes, South China Sea, special economic zone, Suez canal 1869, the market place, three-masted sailing ship

Today it is more difficult to find. In all today’s classic pictures of modern Hong Kong—whether they are taken from the Peak, or from the crowded waterway below—there seems to be no church. It does, however, still exist, though it is well hidden by skyscraping monsters of steel and glass, monuments to the newer religions of the market-place. There is one view, taken from the upper terminus of the Peak Tram, where you can see Government House and the Botanical Gardens, and some of the green of what they now call Chater Gardens (and which was the cricket pitch, beside the Bank of China, where teams once had to play beneath huge pictures of Mao Tse-Tung, and exhortations to the Cantonese proletariat).

Unconventional Success: A Fundamental Approach to Personal Investment by David F. Swensen

asset allocation, asset-backed security, Benchmark Capital, book value, buy and hold, capital controls, classic study, cognitive dissonance, corporate governance, deal flow, diversification, diversified portfolio, equity risk premium, financial engineering, fixed income, index fund, junk bonds, law of one price, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, market bubble, market clearing, market fundamentalism, money market fund, passive investing, Paul Samuelson, pez dispenser, price mechanism, profit maximization, profit motive, risk tolerance, risk-adjusted returns, Robert Shiller, Savings and loan crisis, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Steve Ballmer, stocks for the long run, survivorship bias, technology bubble, the market place, transaction costs, Vanguard fund, yield curve, zero-sum game

Treasury issues and Private Export Funding Corporation (PEFCO) bonds. Even though both bonds enjoy full-faith-and-credit backing of the U.S. government, the less liquid PEFCO bonds trade at prices that produce yields of as much as 0.6 percent per annum higher than comparable-maturity Treasuries. The difference in yield stems entirely from the value that the market places on liquidity. Liquidity of most corporate bonds tends to stand closer to the PEFCOs than to the Treasuries, illustrating the significant yield premium that corporate bond issuers pay to compensate investors for lack of liquidity. Highly liquid markets allow market players to pursue trading-intensive investment strategies.

Capital Ideas: The Improbable Origins of Modern Wall Street by Peter L. Bernstein

Albert Einstein, asset allocation, backtesting, Benoit Mandelbrot, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Black-Scholes formula, Bonfire of the Vanities, Brownian motion, business cycle, buy and hold, buy low sell high, capital asset pricing model, corporate raider, debt deflation, diversified portfolio, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, financial innovation, financial intermediation, fixed income, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, Great Leap Forward, guns versus butter model, implied volatility, index arbitrage, index fund, interest rate swap, invisible hand, John von Neumann, Joseph Schumpeter, junk bonds, Kenneth Arrow, law of one price, linear programming, Louis Bachelier, mandelbrot fractal, martingale, means of production, Michael Milken, money market fund, Myron Scholes, new economy, New Journalism, Paul Samuelson, Performance of Mutual Funds in the Period, profit maximization, Ralph Nader, RAND corporation, random walk, Richard Thaler, risk free rate, risk/return, Robert Shiller, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, stochastic process, Thales and the olive presses, the market place, The Predators' Ball, the scientific method, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, transaction costs, transfer pricing, zero-coupon bond, zero-sum game

What happens if the Law of One Price is violated? Suppose General Motors stock is selling for its issue value of $100 million, while General Electric stock is selling for $70 million, or $10 million more than its issue value of $60 million. Together with its $40 million in bonds, General Electric as a totality is valued in the market place at $110 million, more than the market value of General Motors. Despite the different market valuations, the two companies still have identical earning power and riskiness. Now Mr. Arbitrager smells a free lunch. He owns 1 percent of General Electric’s stock, which makes him worth $700,000 and earns him an income of $80,000 a year.

Tobacco: A Cultural History of How an Exotic Plant Seduced Civilization by Iain Gately

Albert Einstein, Apollo 11, Bartolomé de las Casas, Berlin Wall, British Empire, business climate, Cape to Cairo, financial independence, Francisco Pizarro, Great Leap Forward, Isaac Newton, Mikhail Gorbachev, Neil Armstrong, Neil Kinnock, profit motive, surplus humans, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, trade route, women in the workforce

Rolfe returned alone to America with money and goods in time to celebrate Virginia’s first Thanksgiving festival, held to celebrate the safe harvest of the 1617 tobacco crop. The same year Captain John Smith, a Jamestown leader, wrote that the colony’s new governor arrived to find ‘only five or six houses, the Church downe, the palisades broken, the Bridge in pieces, the Well of fresh water spoiled’ but, a lone sign of success, ‘the market-place, and streets, and all other spare places planted with Tobacco’. John Rolfe’s experiment heralded a rapid and permanent change in the fortunes of England’s colonial enterprises. Englishmen understood the value of tobacco and needed little persuasion to finance its cultivation. The London marketplace welcomed increasing shipments of Virginian weed.

Tracers in the Dark: The Global Hunt for the Crime Lords of Cryptocurrency by Andy Greenberg

2021 United States Capitol attack, Airbnb, augmented reality, bitcoin, Bitcoin Ponzi scheme, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, Brian Krebs, Cody Wilson, commoditize, computerized markets, COVID-19, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, forensic accounting, Global Witness, Google Glasses, Higgs boson, hive mind, impulse control, index card, Internet Archive, Jeff Bezos, Julian Assange, Large Hadron Collider, machine readable, market design, operational security, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, pirate software, Ponzi scheme, ransomware, reserve currency, ride hailing / ride sharing, rolodex, Ross Ulbricht, Satoshi Nakamoto, Skype, slashdot, Social Justice Warrior, the market place, web application, WikiLeaks

Amid the multiple personas Carl Force was juggling, he seemed to slip up and sign a message to DPR with his own name. Gambaryan could see Force’s attempt to undo the damage four hours later. DPR had received another message from the same account titled “Whoops!” The message read, “I am sorry about that. My name is Carla Sophia and I have many boyfriends and girlfriends on the market place. DPR will want to hear what I have to say;) xoxoxo.” * * * · · · Gambaryan could now see that Force was wearing not one mask in his interactions with the Dread Pirate but at least two. So he began to search for more. As part of the standard practice of documenting his undercover work, Force had periodically used a screen recording program called Camtasia to make first-person videos of his sessions as Nob.

The Future of the Professions: How Technology Will Transform the Work of Human Experts by Richard Susskind, Daniel Susskind

23andMe, 3D printing, Abraham Maslow, additive manufacturing, AI winter, Albert Einstein, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Amazon Robotics, Amazon Web Services, Andrew Keen, Atul Gawande, Automated Insights, autonomous vehicles, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, big data - Walmart - Pop Tarts, Bill Joy: nanobots, Blue Ocean Strategy, business process, business process outsourcing, Cass Sunstein, Checklist Manifesto, Clapham omnibus, Clayton Christensen, clean water, cloud computing, commoditize, computer age, Computer Numeric Control, computer vision, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, conceptual framework, corporate governance, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, data science, death of newspapers, disintermediation, Douglas Hofstadter, driverless car, en.wikipedia.org, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, Filter Bubble, full employment, future of work, Garrett Hardin, Google Glasses, Google X / Alphabet X, Hacker Ethic, industrial robot, informal economy, information retrieval, interchangeable parts, Internet of things, Isaac Newton, James Hargreaves, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, Joseph Schumpeter, Khan Academy, knowledge economy, Large Hadron Collider, lifelogging, lump of labour, machine translation, Marshall McLuhan, Metcalfe’s law, Narrative Science, natural language processing, Network effects, Nick Bostrom, optical character recognition, Paul Samuelson, personalized medicine, planned obsolescence, pre–internet, Ray Kurzweil, Richard Feynman, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, semantic web, Shoshana Zuboff, Skype, social web, speech recognition, spinning jenny, strong AI, supply-chain management, Susan Wojcicki, tacit knowledge, TED Talk, telepresence, The Future of Employment, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, Turing test, Two Sigma, warehouse robotics, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, WikiLeaks, world market for maybe five computers, Yochai Benkler, young professional

Moving left to right, then, is a double-edged sword for the professional provider—costs are likely to fall, but so too might prices. Margins, as a result, are uncertain. Carl Shapiro and Hal Varian, experts on the economics of information, note the two dimensions of this move to the right: Because the marginal cost of reproducing information tends to be very low the price of an information product, if left to the market place, will tend to be low as well. What makes information products economically attractive—their low reproduction cost—also makes them economically dangerous.14 For a profit-seeking organization, there are two strategic options in moving its work rightwards—one is to seek to limit the competition (for example, by differentiating the offering), which then allows prices to be kept high.

Reinventing Organizations: A Guide to Creating Organizations Inspired by the Next Stage of Human Consciousness by Frederic Laloux, Ken Wilber

Abraham Maslow, Albert Einstein, augmented reality, blue-collar work, Boeing 747, Buckminster Fuller, call centre, carbon footprint, conceptual framework, corporate social responsibility, crowdsourcing, different worldview, driverless car, Easter island, failed state, fulfillment center, future of work, hiring and firing, holacracy, index card, interchangeable parts, invisible hand, job satisfaction, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Kenneth Rogoff, meta-analysis, ocean acidification, pattern recognition, post-industrial society, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, radical decentralization, randomized controlled trial, selection bias, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, systems thinking, the market place, the scientific method, Tony Hsieh, warehouse automation, zero-sum game

On the company’s intranet is a file where colleagues can “rate” every role they currently fill, using a scale of -3 to +3: If they find the role energizing (+) or draining (-) If they find their talents aligned (+) or not (-) with this role If they find their current skills and knowledge conducive to (+) or limiting in (-) this role Using the same scale of -3 to +3, people can also signal their interest in roles currently filled by other people. The market place helps people wanting to offload and people wanting to pick up roles to find each other more easily. Talent management In the last 20 years, it’s become a general practice in large corporations to set up talent management programs. Managers throughout the company are asked to identify high potentials, which HR puts on special training tracks and provides with stretch assignments to prepare them for higher offices.

Capitalism: the unknown ideal by Ayn Rand

Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, anti-communist, Berlin Wall, British Empire, business cycle, data science, East Village, Ford Model T, Ford paid five dollars a day, full employment, Isaac Newton, laissez-faire capitalism, means of production, minimum wage unemployment, profit motive, the market place, trade route, transcontinental railway, urban renewal, War on Poverty, yellow journalism

There is, however, a whole series of American legislative acts that increase either government regulation of private business or government responsibility for individual welfare. [True.] It is to such legislation that warning cries of “socialism!” refer. Besides the Constitutional provision for Federal regulation of interstate commerce, such “intrusion” of government into the market-place begins with the antitrust laws. [Very true.] To them we owe the continued existence of competitive capitalism and the non-arrival of cartel capitalism. [Untrue.] Inasmuch as socialism is the product, one way or another, of cartel capitalism [untrue], it may reasonably be said that such government interference with business has in fact prevented socialism.

After the Flood: What the Dambusters Did Next by John Nichol

British Empire, Desert Island Discs, Etonian, Ford Model T, friendly fire, IFF: identification friend or foe, the market place

He ‘played the role of wounded hero quite well’ in the Boston and Lincoln pubs, and never told those who bought him a drink why he was on crutches. The Boston pubs were always packed with aircrew from the surrounding RAF bases, and for those without cars, the scramble to get aboard the last buses that all left from the Market Place at 10.15 every night was, said one airman, ‘a sight which had to be seen to be believed’. Most of them just drank beer, and it was ‘rather innocuous’ because, by government decree, beer was no more than 2 per cent alcohol – less than half pre-war strength – and, says Larry Curtis, ‘you had to drink an awful lot of it before you got merry.’

People, Power, and Profits: Progressive Capitalism for an Age of Discontent by Joseph E. Stiglitz

affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Alan Greenspan, AlphaGo, antiwork, barriers to entry, basic income, battle of ideas, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, business cycle, Cambridge Analytica, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon tax, carried interest, central bank independence, clean water, collective bargaining, company town, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, crony capitalism, DeepMind, deglobalization, deindustrialization, disinformation, disintermediation, diversified portfolio, Donald Trump, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, Erik Brynjolfsson, fake news, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial deregulation, financial innovation, financial intermediation, Firefox, Fractional reserve banking, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, George Akerlof, gig economy, Glass-Steagall Act, global macro, global supply chain, greed is good, green new deal, income inequality, information asymmetry, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, Jean Tirole, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John von Neumann, Joseph Schumpeter, labor-force participation, late fees, low interest rates, low skilled workers, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, mass incarceration, meta-analysis, minimum wage unemployment, moral hazard, new economy, New Urbanism, obamacare, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, patent troll, Paul Samuelson, pension reform, Peter Thiel, postindustrial economy, price discrimination, principal–agent problem, profit maximization, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, rent-seeking, Richard Thaler, Robert Bork, Robert Gordon, Robert Mercer, Robert Shiller, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, search costs, secular stagnation, self-driving car, shareholder value, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, South China Sea, sovereign wealth fund, speech recognition, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, surveillance capitalism, TED Talk, The Chicago School, The Future of Employment, The Great Moderation, the market place, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, the scientific method, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, too big to fail, trade liberalization, transaction costs, trickle-down economics, two-sided market, universal basic income, Unsafe at Any Speed, Upton Sinclair, uranium enrichment, War on Poverty, working-age population, Yochai Benkler

Galbraith had described in the middle of the twentieth century as an economy based on countervailing power has become an economy based on the dominance of large corporations and financial institutions—and even more, of the power of the CEOs and the other executives within the corporation.62 Curbing Market Power: Updating Antitrust Laws for the Twenty-First Century In the late nineteenth century, the United States faced a situation similar to that of today with growing market power and increasing inequality. Congress responded by passing a slew of laws to limit market power and its abuse. It passed the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890. This was followed in the next twenty-five years by other legislation trying to ensure competition in the market place. Importantly, these laws were based on the belief that concentrations of economic power would inevitably lead to concentrations in political power. Antitrust policy was not based on finely honed economic analysis. It was really about the nature of our society and democracy.63 For a while, antitrust laws worked.

The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires by Tim Wu

accounting loophole / creative accounting, Alfred Russel Wallace, Andy Rubin, AOL-Time Warner, Apple II, barriers to entry, British Empire, Burning Man, business cycle, Cass Sunstein, Clayton Christensen, commoditize, corporate raider, creative destruction, disinformation, disruptive innovation, don't be evil, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Eben Moglen, Ford Model T, Howard Rheingold, Hush-A-Phone, informal economy, intermodal, Internet Archive, invention of movable type, invention of the telephone, invisible hand, Jane Jacobs, John Markoff, Joseph Schumpeter, Menlo Park, open economy, packet switching, PageRank, profit motive, radical decentralization, road to serfdom, Robert Bork, Robert Metcalfe, Ronald Coase, scientific management, search costs, seminal paper, sexual politics, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Skype, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Telecommunications Act of 1996, The Chicago School, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the long tail, the market place, The Wisdom of Crowds, too big to fail, Upton Sinclair, urban planning, vertical integration, Yochai Benkler, zero-sum game

In this form, AT&T would remain in charge until the 1980s, and in not substantially different form it would return in the new millennium. As Milton Mueller writes, Vail had completed the “political and ideological victory of the regulated monopoly paradigm, advanced under the banner of universal service.”26 Vail’s biographer adds, “the great work he created remains, never to come to an end so long as men buy and sell in the market place and social life endures.” What to make of Vail’s legacy? Outside official Bell histories, Vail remains a controversial figure for being such a staunch and vocal monopolist. A man who takes a highly diverse and competitive industry and eradicates all competitors is an unlikely hero beyond his own company.

Against Intellectual Monopoly by Michele Boldrin, David K. Levine

accounting loophole / creative accounting, agricultural Revolution, barriers to entry, business cycle, classic study, cognitive bias, cotton gin, creative destruction, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, Dean Kamen, Donald Trump, double entry bookkeeping, en.wikipedia.org, endogenous growth, Ernest Rutherford, experimental economics, financial innovation, Great Leap Forward, Gregor Mendel, Helicobacter pylori, independent contractor, informal economy, interchangeable parts, invention of radio, invention of the printing press, invisible hand, James Watt: steam engine, Jean Tirole, John Harrison: Longitude, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Arrow, linear programming, market bubble, market design, mutually assured destruction, Nash equilibrium, new economy, open economy, PalmPilot, peer-to-peer, pirate software, placebo effect, price discrimination, profit maximization, rent-seeking, Richard Stallman, Robert Solow, seminal paper, Silicon Valley, Skype, slashdot, software patent, the market place, total factor productivity, trade liberalization, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, Y2K

For this reason, private and commercial database owners cannot compete with copiers in an open market. If databases cannot earn a fair return under existing law, no rational business would invest in them until Congress changed the rules. Instead, databases flourish.33 Furthermore: Finally, many of the most popular and powerful methods depend on the market-place. If consumers want frequent updates, a would-be copier has little to gain by offering last month’s database at a bargain price. Similarly, consumers may think that a particular database is more valuable if it comes with copyrighted search software. In either case, copiers can only compete by making substantial investments of their own.

The Age of Cryptocurrency: How Bitcoin and Digital Money Are Challenging the Global Economic Order by Paul Vigna, Michael J. Casey

Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, altcoin, Apple Newton, bank run, banking crisis, bitcoin, Bitcoin Ponzi scheme, blockchain, Bretton Woods, buy and hold, California gold rush, capital controls, carbon footprint, clean water, Cody Wilson, collaborative economy, collapse of Lehman Brothers, Columbine, Credit Default Swap, cross-border payments, cryptocurrency, David Graeber, decentralized internet, disinformation, disintermediation, Dogecoin, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, fiat currency, financial engineering, financial innovation, Firefox, Flash crash, Ford Model T, Fractional reserve banking, Glass-Steagall Act, hacker house, Hacker News, Hernando de Soto, high net worth, informal economy, intangible asset, Internet of things, inventory management, Joi Ito, Julian Assange, Kickstarter, Kuwabatake Sanjuro: assassination market, litecoin, Long Term Capital Management, Lyft, M-Pesa, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, McMansion, means of production, Menlo Park, mobile money, Money creation, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, Nelson Mandela, Network effects, new economy, new new economy, Nixon shock, Nixon triggered the end of the Bretton Woods system, off-the-grid, offshore financial centre, payday loans, Pearl River Delta, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer lending, pets.com, Ponzi scheme, prediction markets, price stability, printed gun, profit motive, QR code, RAND corporation, regulatory arbitrage, rent-seeking, reserve currency, Robert Shiller, Ross Ulbricht, Satoshi Nakamoto, seigniorage, shareholder value, sharing economy, short selling, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, smart contracts, special drawing rights, Spread Networks laid a new fibre optics cable between New York and Chicago, Steve Jobs, supply-chain management, Ted Nelson, The Great Moderation, the market place, the payments system, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, too big to fail, transaction costs, tulip mania, Turing complete, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, underbanked, Vitalik Buterin, WikiLeaks, Y Combinator, Y2K, zero-sum game, Zimmermann PGP