Occupy movement

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Occupy by Noam Chomsky

Alan Greenspan, corporate governance, corporate personhood, deindustrialization, high-speed rail, Howard Zinn, income inequality, invisible hand, Martin Wolf, Nate Silver, Occupy movement, Plutonomy: Buying Luxury, Explaining Global Imbalances, precariat, Ralph Nader, Ronald Reagan, too big to fail, union organizing

After Thirty Years of Class War Interview with Edward Radzivilovskiy, Student, New York University, Paris Interview conducted at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, January 6, 2012 I want to start off with something you said at Occupy Boston: “The most exciting aspect of the Occupy movement is the construction of the linkages that are taking place all over. If they can be sustained and expanded, Occupy can lead to dedicated efforts to set society on a more humane course.”§§ Some have said that the Occupy movement does not have a cohesive message of its demands. If you do believe that the Occupy movement does have specific demands, how many of these demands do you actually think can be realized? There is quite a range of people from many walks of life and many concerns involved in the Occupy movement. There are some general things that bring them together, but of course they all have specific concerns as well.

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It’s taking place in the midst of “countless small actions of unknown people” who are rising. The Occupy movement is an extremely exciting development. In fact, it’s kind of spectacular. It’s unprecedented. There’s never been anything like it that I can think of. If the bonds and associations that are being established in these remarkable events can be sustained through a long, hard period ahead—because victory won’t come quickly—it could turn out to be a really historic, and very significant, moment in American history. The fact that the Occupy movement is unprecedented is quite appropriate. It’s an unprecedented era.

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And he was very highly praised for this, greatly admired. Well, now the world is indeed splitting into a plutonomy and a precariat—again, in the imagery of the Occupy movement, the 1 percent and the 99 percent. Not literal numbers, but the right picture. Now, the plutonomy is where the action is. Well, it could continue like this. If it does continue like this, the historic reversal that began in the 1970s could become irreversible. That’s where we’re heading. And the Occupy movement is the first real, major popular reaction that could avert this. But, as I said, it’s going to be necessary to face the fact that it’s a long, hard struggle.

Occupying Wall Street: The Inside Story of an Action That Changed America by Writers For The 99%

Bay Area Rapid Transit, citizen journalism, collective bargaining, Day of the Dead, desegregation, feminist movement, gentrification, Glass-Steagall Act, income inequality, independent contractor, intentional community, it's over 9,000, McMansion, microaggression, Mohammed Bouazizi, Occupy movement, Port of Oakland, We are the 99%, young professional

On October 5, the mass convergence of students and workers at Foley Square, combined with the October 1 arrest of more than 700 OWS protesters on the Brooklyn Bridge, played a pivotal role in raising public awareness of the Occupy movement. The event also shows how Occupy Wall Street facilitated interconnections and coalition building. Indeed, the OWS-enabled solidarity between student and labor movements was by no means inevitable. Conflicting motivations, needs, and goals had in recent years fostered divisions–not only between workers and students, but between students of public and private universities and between workers from different unions. With its amorphous goals, but ardent opposition to budget cuts and corporate takeover of public services, the Occupy movement offered a sufficiently large umbrella to mobilize groups with seemingly disparate priorities toward a common cause.

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Members of Teamsters Local 802 were introduced to members from Local 814 through the Labor Working group, and the two locals quickly decided to support one another’s respective struggles with management. Julian Tysh, an organizer with Local 814, credited the Occupy movement with encouraging workers on picket lines, while universalizing their struggles by pitting them against a common enemy—the 1 percent. “The Occupy movement has changed unions,” said Stuart Appelbaum, president of the Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union (RWDSU). “You’re seeing a lot more unions wanting to be aggressive in their messaging and their activity.” Indeed, in response to Occupy Wall Street, many unions were quick to seize upon the “99 percent” slogan, affixing it to buttons and signs for the October 5 march.

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The Media Center Whether it was reporters from NY1, New York City’s local news channel, or journalists working for foreign news agencies such as the BBC, Spain’s La Sexta, or Al Jazeera, the Occupy Wall Street encampment found itself from its first days the target of frequent visits by members of the press. With journalists came questions—quickly, the Occupy movement realized it had need of articulate, informed supporters able to liaise with the press, answering the many questions that arose about a hard-tocategorize, leaderless, and ostensibly demand-less uprising. As a result, the Occupy movement moved early on to put together a Press Relations working group designated occupiers armed with information about the movement and drawn from within its ranks in the hope of communicating at least some truth about the encampment at Zuccotti through a media often characterized by misrepresentation and confusion.

Dreaming in Public: Building the Occupy Movement by Amy Lang, Daniel Lang/levitsky

activist lawyer, Bay Area Rapid Transit, bonus culture, British Empire, capitalist realism, clean water, cognitive dissonance, collective bargaining, corporate governance, corporate personhood, crowdsourcing, David Graeber, deindustrialization, different worldview, facts on the ground, gentrification, glass ceiling, housing crisis, housing justice, Kibera, late capitalism, lolcat, mass incarceration, military-industrial complex, Naomi Klein, Nelson Mandela, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, out of africa, plutocrats, Port of Oakland, Rosa Parks, Saturday Night Live, Slavoj Žižek, social contagion, structural adjustment programs, the medium is the message, too big to fail, trade liberalization, union organizing, upwardly mobile, urban renewal, War on Poverty, We are Anonymous. We are Legion, We are the 99%, white flight, working poor

We were unable to contact some photographers and imagemakers, especially those responsible for Occupy Lulz graphics – if you are one of them, please contact us at occupy. anthology@gmail.com; we want to be able to credit you properly. DREAMING IN PUBLIC Building the Occupy Movement Edited by Amy Schrager Lang & Daniel Lang/Levitsky Dreaming In Public: Building the Occupy Movement First published in 2012 by New Internationalist Publications Ltd 55 Rectory Road Oxford OX4 1BW, UK newint.org This book has been compiled by Amy Schrager Lang and Daniel Lang/Levitsky. Copyright over the contributions to the book is held by the individual authors.

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. ♦ Yours, as always, in solidarity, Comrades from Cairo infrontandcenter.wordpress.com/2011/11/14/comrades-from-cairo-respond-to-ows-egypt-delegation/ 1 http://nin.tl/HerBod Library Bound together by their impressionistic, casual tone, these accounts of Occupy sites report on conversations taking place around the country, on what people thought about their local Occupy movements – on the ‘sonic structure of belonging’. As Barbara Kingsolver’s ‘Another American Way’ makes clear, in Johnson City, Tennessee, as in many small cities across the US, local political traditions and regional culture shape and strengthen the Occupy movement, and give ‘the 99%’ a particular resonance. While media accounts of the early days of OWS puzzled endlessly over the relationship between movement participants and ‘the public’, Angus Johnston’s account of conversations at a deli near the Liberty Plaza encampment suggests that, as much as anything else, Occupy provides a vocabulary for already existing views.

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In Flagstaff, Arizona, a city where activists have worked alongside Native communities for years, the local Occupy website features calls to resist a fake-snow-making scheme on a mountain sacred to Native tribes, as well as a plan by Senator John McCain and Representative Paul Gosar to reinstate uranium mining around the Grand Canyon. At Colorlines.com, which has covered the role of race in the Occupy movement, one commenter offered the example of Occupy Los Angeles – a city with a long history of collaborative economic justice campaigns with a clear race angle – as a model to emulate. ‘The LA folks seem to be able to reconcile how to fold race, monetary and social issues all into their messages,’ she wrote. The Occupy movement is clearly unifying. Centralizing racial equity will help to sustain that unity. This won’t happen accidentally or automatically. It will require deliberate, smart, structured organizing that challenges segregation, not only that of the 1% from everyone else, but also that which divides the 99% from within. ♦ colorlines.com/archives/2011/11/forget_the_diversity_debate_its_about_occupying_racial_inequity.html THE ONLY WAY TO EXPERIENCE THE AMERICAN DREAM IS WHILE SLEEPING An Indigenous Platform Proposal for ‘Occupy Denver’ The American Indian Movement of Colorado 9 October 2011 ‘Occupy Denver’ Adopts Colorado AIM initiative on indigenous peoples’ rights!

Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age by Manuel Castells

"World Economic Forum" Davos, access to a mobile phone, banking crisis, call centre, centre right, citizen journalism, cognitive dissonance, collective bargaining, conceptual framework, crowdsourcing, currency manipulation / currency intervention, disintermediation, en.wikipedia.org, Glass-Steagall Act, housing crisis, income inequality, microcredit, military-industrial complex, Mohammed Bouazizi, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, Port of Oakland, social software, statistical model, Twitter Arab Spring, We are the 99%, web application, WikiLeaks, World Values Survey, young professional, zero-sum game

Then, in Los Angeles, my research collaborator Lana Swartz, an outstanding doctoral student at the Annenberg School of Communication at USC, was also involved in Occupy Los Angeles, and also accepted with incredible generosity, intelligence, and rigor to help me in the data collection and analysis of the Occupy movement in the United States. Joan Donovan, an active participant in Occupy Los Angeles and Inter-Occupy, a veteran of many battles for social justice, and a doctoral student at UC San Diego, gave me some key ideas that helped my understanding. Dorian Bon, a student at Columbia University, conveyed to me his experience in the student movement connected to Occupy Wall Street. My friend and colleague Sasha Costanza-Chock, a professor at MIT, shared with me his unpublished survey data on the Occupy movement in the US. Maytha Alhassen, an Arab-American journalist and doctoral student in American Studies and Ethnicity at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, who had traveled in the Arab countries during the time of the uprisings, worked closely with me, reporting on key events that she witnessed first-hand, allowing me access to Arabic sources, and most importantly educating me about what had really happened everywhere.

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Kaste, M. (2011) Exploring Occupy Wall Street’s “AdBuster” origin. NPR Morning Edition. Available at: <http://www.npr.org/2011/10/20/141526467/exploring-occupy-wall-streets-adbuster-origins>. Kennedy, M. (2011) Global solidarity and the Occupy Movement. Possible Futures. Available at: <http://www.possible-futures.org/2011/12/05/global-solidarity-occupy-movement/>. Kroll, A. (2011) How Occupy Wall Street really got started. Mother Jones. Available at: <http://motherjones.com/politics/2011/10/occupy-wall-street-international-origins>. Schwartz. M. (2011) Pre-occupied: the origins and future of Occupy Wall Street.

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Available at: <http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2011/1107/Bank-Transfer-Day-How-much-impact-did-it-have>. Hamilton, W., Reckard, S., and Willon, P. (2011) Occupy Movement moves into neighborhoods. Los Angeles Times. Available at: <http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/06/business/la-fi-occupy-home-20111206>. “Occupy Wall Street goes home.” (2011) Occupy Wall Street. Available at: <http://occupywallst.org/article/occupy-wall-street-goes-home/>. Riquier, A., Gopal, P., and Brandt, N. (2011) Occupy Movement targets home evictions in US Day of Action. Bloomberg. Available at: <http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-12-06/occupy-protest-movement-targets-home-evictions-in-u-s-day-of-action-.html>.

Days of Destruction, Days of Revolt by Chris Hedges, Joe Sacco

Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, clean water, collective bargaining, company town, corporate personhood, dumpster diving, Easter island, Exxon Valdez, food desert, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, Howard Zinn, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, laissez-faire capitalism, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, mass incarceration, Naomi Klein, Nelson Mandela, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, Silicon Valley, Steve Jobs, strikebreaker, union organizing, urban decay, wage slave, white flight, women in the workforce

“What happened in Immokalee is similar to what is happening in the rest of the country with the Occupy movements,” he says: We began because we were desperate. We didn’t see a solution through the system itself. We knew we had to change the balance of power between the workers and the corporations. And this is happening all over the world. Many people are desperate. They work hard and have nothing to show for it. You see in these Occupy movements young people who burned their eyelashes off studying and have no job and huge debts. There are differences. We are poor. We are isolated. But like the Occupy movements we are organic, we are responding to corporate power.

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Anyone who trusts in the reformation of our corporate state fails to recognize that those who govern, including Barack Obama, are as deaf to public demands and suffering as the old communist regimes. The Occupy movement knew the media would not amplify their voices. So they created media of their own. They knew the economy serves the oligarchs, so they formed their own communal system. They found another way to be heard and build a society. Kevin Zeese is one of the activists who first called for the Occupy movements. We met on a snowy afternoon in Washington at Skewers, a small Middle Eastern restaurant. Zeese and others, including public health-care advocate Dr.

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That’s translated into communities throughout the country that don’t want anything to do with each other, that are so foreign to each other that there is hardly a drop of empathy between them. The Occupy movements fused the elements vital for revolt. They attracted small groups of veteran revolutionists whose isolated struggles, whether in the form of squatter communities or acts of defiance such as the tree-sit protest in Berkeley that ran from December 1, 2006, to September 9, 2008, to save an oak grove on the University of California campus,31 are often unheeded by the wider culture. The Occupy movements, like the movements in Eastern Europe, were nurtured in numerous small, dissident enclaves. Bands of revolutionists in cities such as New York, Oakland, Chicago, Denver, Boston, San Francisco, Eugene, Portland, Los Angeles, and Atlanta severed themselves from the mainstream, joined with other marginalized communities, and mastered the physical techniques of surviving on the streets and in jails.

Power Systems: Conversations on Global Democratic Uprisings and the New Challenges to U.S. Empire by Noam Chomsky, David Barsamian

"World Economic Forum" Davos, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Albert Einstein, American ideology, Chelsea Manning, collective bargaining, colonial rule, corporate personhood, David Brooks, discovery of DNA, double helix, drone strike, failed state, Great Leap Forward, Herbert Marcuse, high-speed rail, Howard Zinn, hydraulic fracturing, income inequality, inflation targeting, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Julian Assange, land reform, language acquisition, Martin Wolf, Mohammed Bouazizi, Naomi Klein, Nelson Mandela, new economy, no-fly zone, obamacare, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, pattern recognition, Powell Memorandum, public intellectual, quantitative easing, Ralph Nader, Ralph Waldo Emerson, single-payer health, sovereign wealth fund, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, theory of mind, Tobin tax, union organizing, Upton Sinclair, uranium enrichment, WikiLeaks

And if anyone questions that, it leads to near hysteria and often to charges of anti-Americanism or “hating America”—interesting concepts that don’t exist in democratic societies, only in totalitarian societies and here, where they’re just taken for granted. 4 Domestic Disturbances CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS (JANUARY 17, 2012) As someone who is interested in the political deployment of language, you must appreciate the irony of “occupy” and “occupation,” which are extremely negative terms, being used in a very positive way by the Occupy movement. It’s an interesting usage, and it took off. Occupy now means taking something over for popular goals. Occupying public space has been a very successful tactic. I would have never guessed it would have worked, frankly. There is an incipient movement called Occupy the Dream. It was formed by representatives of the Occupy movements and surviving leaders of the original civil rights movement, including Benjamin Chavis.1 The dream that they’re talking about is not the one that people refer to on Martin Luther King Day, the civil rights dream.

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There has been an increase in the use of terms such as “income inequality,” “concentrations of wealth,” “CEO pay,” “poverty,” “unemployment” since the Occupy Wall Street movement began in September 2011. The idea of the 1 percent and 99 percent has become common. The Occupy movement has succeeded in tapping feelings, attitudes, and understandings that have been latent, hidden right below the surface. They brought it out. All of a sudden it exploded. It’s interesting, if you take a look at the business press, the Financial Times, which is the most important business daily in the world, has been surprisingly sympathetic to the Occupy movements. Not to their longer-term goals—they don’t talk about those—but the short-term ones. They use a lot of this imagery now quite freely, and in quite a sympathetic way.

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In fact, in the case of Egypt, international financial elites highly praised the Mubarak dictatorship for its amazing economic performance and reforms up to just weeks before the regime crashed. Similar things are happening in Africa, here, and in Europe. The indignados in southern Europe and the Occupy movements here are in a sense similar, even if they are from different worlds. The protests are not against dictatorships but against the shredding of democratic systems and the consequences of the Western version of the neoliberal system, which has had structurally consistent effects for the past thirty years: a very narrow concentration of wealth in a fraction of 1 percent of the population, stagnation for a large part of the rest, deregulation, and repeated financial crises, each one harsher than the last.

Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work by Nick Srnicek, Alex Williams

3D printing, additive manufacturing, air freight, algorithmic trading, anti-work, antiwork, back-to-the-land, banking crisis, basic income, battle of ideas, blockchain, Boris Johnson, Bretton Woods, business cycle, call centre, capital controls, capitalist realism, carbon footprint, carbon tax, Cass Sunstein, centre right, collective bargaining, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, David Graeber, decarbonisation, deep learning, deindustrialization, deskilling, Doha Development Round, Elon Musk, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, Ferguson, Missouri, financial independence, food miles, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, future of work, gender pay gap, general purpose technology, housing crisis, housing justice, income inequality, industrial robot, informal economy, intermodal, Internet Archive, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, Kickstarter, Kiva Systems, late capitalism, liberation theology, Live Aid, low skilled workers, manufacturing employment, market design, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, mass incarceration, means of production, megaproject, minimum wage unemployment, Modern Monetary Theory, Mont Pelerin Society, Murray Bookchin, neoliberal agenda, New Urbanism, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, Overton Window, patent troll, pattern recognition, Paul Samuelson, Philip Mirowski, post scarcity, post-Fordism, post-work, postnationalism / post nation state, precariat, precautionary principle, price stability, profit motive, public intellectual, quantitative easing, reshoring, Richard Florida, rising living standards, road to serfdom, Robert Gordon, Ronald Reagan, Second Machine Age, secular stagnation, self-driving car, Slavoj Žižek, social web, stakhanovite, Steve Jobs, surplus humans, synthetic biology, tacit knowledge, technological determinism, the built environment, The Chicago School, The Future of Employment, the long tail, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, universal basic income, wages for housework, warehouse automation, We are all Keynesians now, We are the 99%, women in the workforce, working poor, working-age population

If Occupy was unsuccessful in expanding prefigurative spaces beyond the margins of society, these protest camps could still be useful as launching pads for direct action. Indeed, one of the most notable achievements of the Occupy movement was to establish a social and physical infrastructure that could act as a foundation for direct actions. In countries like Greece and Spain, debt strikes have been organised and picket lines formed for workers without the right to strike. Other Occupy movements supported squatters, provided food for the homeless, set up pirate media, mobilised to prevent evictions, protested against government cuts and provided humanitarian relief after natural disasters.

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Around the world, people set up protest camps and mobilise against economic inequality, but the gap between the rich and the poor keeps growing. From the alter-globalisation struggles of the late 1990s, through the antiwar and ecological coalitions of the early 2000s, and into the new student uprisings and Occupy movements since 2008, a common pattern emerges: resistance struggles rise rapidly, mobilise increasingly large numbers of people, and yet fade away only to be replaced by a renewed sense of apathy, melancholy and defeat. Despite the desires of millions for a better world, the effects of these movements prove minimal.

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The 2009 G20 summit in London, for instance, featured protestors marching for issues that spanned from grandiose anti-capitalist stipulations to modest goals centred on more local issues. When demands can be discerned at all, they usually fail to articulate anything substantial. They are often nothing more than empty slogans – as meaningful as calling for world peace. In more recent struggles, the very idea of making demands has been questioned. The Occupy movement infamously struggled to articulate meaningful goals, worried that anything too substantial would be divisive.3 And a broad range of student occupations across the Western world has taken up the mantra of ‘no demands’ under the misguided belief that demanding nothing is a radical act.4 When asked what the ultimate upshot of these actions has been, participants differ between admitting to a general sense of futility and pointing to the radicalisation of those who took part.

One Way Forward: The Outsider's Guide to Fixing the Republic by Lawrence Lessig

collapse of Lehman Brothers, crony capitalism, crowdsourcing, en.wikipedia.org, Filter Bubble, jimmy wales, Occupy movement, Ronald Reagan, Yochai Benkler

My book Republic, Lost had been released, and I had just returned to the States from an overseas trip. More than slightly jet-lagged, I climbed on a subway to Zuccotti Park to watch and listen and then participate as the people in that park, with the movement it represented—Occupy Wall Street—mobilized fifteen thousand people to march to City Hall. The Occupy movement had begun two and a half weeks before, on September 17, 2011 (a.k.a. Constitution Day). Initially proposed in July by the Canadian group Adbusters, the movement was reported on two days later in a YouTube video on a Facebook page. Three days after that, the protest reached critical mass. Wikipedia reports that “by mid-October, Facebook listed 125 Occupy-related pages” and that “roughly one in every 500 hashtags used on Twitter, all around the world, was the movement’s own #OWS.”12 On October 15, “tens of thousands of demonstrators staged rallies in 900 cities around the world, including Auckland, Sydney, Hong Kong, Taipei, Tokyo, São Paulo, Paris, Madrid, Berlin, Hamburg, Leipzig, and many more.”

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Sometimes he sleeps at the camp. When I interviewed him in December 2011, he still had a camp set up. Patterson became an Occupier as a disillusioned Obama supporter. As he told me, “The mechanisms that we have in place to resolve the problems of society are not functioning.” And as he became part of the Occupy movement, he began to recognize the many “around the country [who were] feeling the same sort of frustration.” Occupy K Street is different from Occupy Wall Street.15 As Patterson described, we “adopted what they did in some ways, but we also built upon [it] and did things differently.” For example, like Occupy Wall Street, Occupy K Street uses no technical sound amplification when speakers speak, although no D.C. regulation forbids it.

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No one (outside of MIT) imagined the Internet; this kind of movement created it. No one (outside of MIT) predicted GNU/Linux, the free software operating system that took on Windows; this kind of movement built it. No one anywhere conceived of Wikipedia as even possible; this kind of movement wrote it. No one predicted the energy of the Tea Party or the Occupy movement or the other parallel movements around the world, but all of them fit this same form. Indeed, as I’ve gathered the material for this short book, I’ve been most struck by the universal invocation of the ideals of “open-source culture” to explain these movements. And not just on the Left. Mark Meckler and Jenny Beth Martin, of the Tea Party Patriots, open their book by defining the Tea Party as an “open-source community.”18 In the world of computer software, open-source communities develop and improve ideas organically, based on concepts and practices that work.

Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest by Zeynep Tufekci

"Hurricane Katrina" Superdome, 4chan, active measures, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, algorithmic bias, AltaVista, Alvin Toffler, Andy Carvin, anti-communist, Bernie Sanders, Black Lives Matter, bread and circuses, British Empire, citizen journalism, collective bargaining, conceptual framework, context collapse, crowdsourcing, digital divide, disinformation, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, end-to-end encryption, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, feminist movement, Ferguson, Missouri, Filter Bubble, Future Shock, gentrification, Howard Rheingold, income inequality, index card, interchangeable parts, invention of movable type, invention of writing, John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow, loose coupling, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, Mikhail Gorbachev, moral hazard, moral panic, Naomi Klein, Network effects, new economy, obamacare, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, pre–internet, race to the bottom, RAND corporation, real-name policy, ride hailing / ride sharing, Rosa Parks, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Skype, Snapchat, Streisand effect, the strength of weak ties, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thorstein Veblen, Twitter Arab Spring, We are the 99%, WikiLeaks, Yochai Benkler

The most serious weakness of these methods, especially those that prioritize—or even fetishize—consensus above all, is that they are often unable to resolve even minor disagreements, even when most agree on a course of action. Consider what happened in Atlanta, Georgia, on October 6, 2011, less than two weeks after the Occupy movement started in Zuccotti Park, New York. Hundreds began to gather in Woodrow Park in Atlanta and launched the Occupy movement in their hometown. It was a pleasant day, with a high temperature of eighty-one and little humidity. Like Zuccotti Park and elsewhere, the protesters chose to meet in an “assembly” in a park. Assemblies and “human microphones” (or “mic checks”) have become the dominant methods of meeting in Occupy protests.

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Many movements seek decision-making structures that align with their participatory impulses. In New Zealand, technically inclined veterans of its Occupy movement launched a platform called Loomio, a tool designed for horizontalist movements that want to keep the participatory structures of the assembly model to facilitate decision making. I met with one of its cofounders Benjamin Knight in New York. He was only in his twenties, but he was already a veteran of the Occupy movement and frustrated by its lack of tactical and strategic decision-making capacities. Teaming up with other people, he created Loomio, an online platform that blends practical considerations with a movement ethos.

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In the networked era, a large, organized march or protest should not be seen as the chief outcome of previous capacity building by a movement; rather, it should be looked at as the initial moment of the movement’s bursting onto the scene, but only the first stage in a potentially long journey. The civil rights movement may have reached a peak in the March on Washington in 1963, but the Occupy movement arguably began with the occupation of Zuccotti Park in 2011. The future trajectory or potential impacts of networked movements cannot be fully understood by using only the conceptual models, indicators and benchmarks that we have gathered from the histories of earlier movements. Similar-looking moments and activities—large marches, big protests, occupations—do not represent the same points in the trajectories of the networked movements as they did in movements organized along traditional models and without digital tools.

Making the Future: The Unipolar Imperial Moment by Noam Chomsky

Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, Berlin Wall, Bretton Woods, British Empire, capital controls, collective bargaining, corporate governance, corporate personhood, creative destruction, deindustrialization, energy security, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial deregulation, Frank Gehry, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, Howard Zinn, Joseph Schumpeter, kremlinology, liberation theology, Long Term Capital Management, market fundamentalism, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, no-fly zone, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, precariat, public intellectual, RAND corporation, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Seymour Hersh, structural adjustment programs, The Great Moderation, too big to fail, uranium enrichment, Washington Consensus, WikiLeaks, working poor

“History’s actors” should be so unlucky that an observer as knowledgeable, indefatigable, writerly and unflinching as Noam Chomsky is on hand to “study what we do.” Events belie the senior adviser as this book goes to press. The Occupy movement is on fire worldwide, ignited by outrages that Chomsky explores here: inequality, disenfranchisement, official arrogance and deceit. “I’ve never seen anything quite like the Occupy movement in scale and character, here and worldwide,” Chomsky said at Occupy Boston on October 22, 2011, a talk adapted for this book’s final entry. “The Occupy outposts are trying to create cooperative communities that just might be the basis for the kinds of lasting organizations necessary to overcome the barriers ahead and the backlash that’s already coming.”

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I can’t help but regret that he’s not here to take part in and invigorate a movement that would have been the dream of his life, and for which he laid a lot of the groundwork. The Occupy movements are exciting, inspiring. If the bonds and associations being established in these remarkable events can be sustained and carried forward through a long, hard period ahead—victories don’t come quickly—the Occupy protests could mark a truly significant moment in American history. I’ve never seen anything quite like the Occupy movement in scale and character, here and worldwide. The Occupy outposts are trying to create cooperative communities that just might be the basis for the kinds of lasting organizations necessary to overcome the barriers ahead and the backlash that’s already coming.

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Taken together, the columns in this edition present a narrative of the events that have made the future since 2007: the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq; the U.S. presidential race; the ascendancy of China; Latin America’s leftward turn; the threat of nuclear proliferation in Iran and North Korea; Israel’s invasion of Gaza and expansion of settlements in Jerusalem and the West Bank; developments in climate change; the world financial crisis; the Arab Spring; the death of Osama bin Laden; and the Occupy protests. As often happens, Chomsky’s columns anticipate events. His August 2011 column, “America in Decline,” foreshadows a premise of the Occupy movement: “The resulting concentration of wealth [since the 1970s] yielded greater political power, accelerating a vicious cycle that has led to extraordinary wealth for a fraction of 1 percent of the population, mainly, while for the large majority real incomes have virtually stagnated.” In every sense Chomsky lives up to the title of “public intellectual.”

Why It's Still Kicking Off Everywhere: The New Global Revolutions by Paul Mason

anti-globalists, back-to-the-land, balance sheet recession, bank run, banking crisis, Berlin Wall, business cycle, capital controls, capitalist realism, centre right, Chekhov's gun, citizen journalism, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collective bargaining, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, currency manipulation / currency intervention, currency peg, disinformation, do-ocracy, eurozone crisis, Fall of the Berlin Wall, floating exchange rates, foreign exchange controls, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, ghettoisation, illegal immigration, informal economy, land tenure, Leo Hollis, low skilled workers, mass immigration, means of production, megacity, Mohammed Bouazizi, Naomi Klein, Network effects, New Journalism, Occupy movement, price stability, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, rising living standards, short selling, Slavoj Žižek, Stewart Brand, strikebreaker, union organizing, We are the 99%, Whole Earth Catalog, WikiLeaks, Winter of Discontent, women in the workforce, working poor, working-age population, young professional

Around the edges of the project move people from a completely different demographic: the so-called indignados of the 15M movement—anti-globalist youth with trade-mark tattoos and piercings. The indignados made world headlines after massive occupation protests in public squares in May 2011, in turn sparking the global Occupy movement. When you see the Utopia flats, draped with banners announcing ‘no homes without people, no people without homes’, you see what happens when official politics abandons people. Very ordinary, indeed anti-political people have begun to turn to Spain’s radical youth for help. They in turn have found a purpose, here and elsewhere, outside mainstream politics, which they despise.

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But we need victories, we need hope, we need to do things that make people think there is a solution. That’s what made people from different ideologies, movements, strategies work together in a project like this. Before this we never had such objectives—it’s new—but it’s because the situation is really critical.’ * * * * Since the original version of this book was published the Occupy movement took centre stage in the USA, the Russian protests went through the entire cycle of flowering and repression, and important movements such as those in Chile and Canada took place. I’ve spent the past twelve months trying to cover these events firsthand, mainly as part of my day job as a TV reporter.

…

And sometimes just through bitterly earnest songs, in journalism, in 140-character tweets going viral to an online community of millions—actions Putin could never understand, and the FSB could never totally repress. Two months before his election, Vladimir Putin had crowed to the West about its problem with the Occupy movement, who were ‘not just a bunch of outcasts but hundreds of thousands’. Now he had that problem too. Russia is a lucky country. Since the fall of communism it has been blessed with not just one kleptocratic elite, but two. Under Boris Yeltsin, the so-called oligarchy was created when a small group of businessmen, initially emerging from the Gorbachevera elite, seized the country’s privatized resources with all the subtlety of a lion enclosure at feeding time.

Two Nations, Indivisible: A History of Inequality in America: A History of Inequality in America by Jamie Bronstein

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, back-to-the-land, barriers to entry, basic income, Bernie Sanders, big-box store, Black Lives Matter, blue-collar work, Branko Milanovic, British Empire, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, clean water, cognitive dissonance, collateralized debt obligation, collective bargaining, Community Supported Agriculture, corporate personhood, crony capitalism, deindustrialization, desegregation, Donald Trump, ending welfare as we know it, Frederick Winslow Taylor, full employment, Gini coefficient, Glass-Steagall Act, income inequality, interchangeable parts, invisible hand, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, labor-force participation, land reform, land tenure, longitudinal study, low skilled workers, low-wage service sector, mandatory minimum, mass incarceration, minimum wage unemployment, moral hazard, moral panic, mortgage debt, New Urbanism, non-tariff barriers, obamacare, occupational segregation, Occupy movement, oil shock, plutocrats, price discrimination, race to the bottom, rent control, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, Sam Peltzman, scientific management, Scientific racism, Simon Kuznets, single-payer health, Strategic Defense Initiative, strikebreaker, the long tail, too big to fail, trade route, transcontinental railway, Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, trickle-down economics, universal basic income, Upton Sinclair, upwardly mobile, urban renewal, vertical integration, W. E. B. Du Bois, wage slave, War on Poverty, women in the workforce, working poor, Works Progress Administration

On the left, disaffection with American inequality crystallized into the 2011 Occupy Wall Street movement, whose rhetoric pitted the top 1 percent of income-earners or wealth holders (the distinction seemed ambiguous) against the 99 percent with whom the movement’s followers identified. Protesters occupied Zuccotti Park in Manhattan’s Wall Street district and set up a campground and a “people’s assembly.” Later, Occupy movements sprouted up around the world. Rhetorically, the Occupy movement had much in common with the egalitarian forebears described in previous chapters. As social critics had in the eighteenth century, Occupy protesters formulated a list of grievances, the “Declaration of the Occupation of New York City.” Like their nineteenth-century progenitors, the protesters focused on the corporations: “corporations do not seek consent to extract wealth from the people and the Earth, and … no true democracy is attainable when the process is determined by economic power.”33 They proposed an opposition between the rich and the poor: The Occupy Wall Street movement is not just demanding change.

…

Not only had banks grown so large that they were considered worthy of government bailouts, but also the suspension of the Glass-Steagall Act enabled banks to invest in ways that were in direct conflict with the interests of their depositors.38 The Occupy movement never gained much traction, for several reasons. First, it was impossible for Occupy protesters to pose a real alternative to capitalism without alienating the mainstream media and many Americans.39 The impossibility, today, of really describing alternate economic arrangements without having them written off as “socialistic” testifies to the power of capital to silence other voices and to make change impossible by constricting the notion of alternatives.40 Second, while the language and the tactics of the Occupy movement were promising, the movement was hindered by its lack of larger strategy.

…

Others issued a vague call for tax restructuring, or job growth through the formation of local cooperative movements using environmentally sustainable practices.41 English professor and Occupy participant Stephen Collis advocated expansion of public transit and free education and health care.42 Some form of reviving collective bargaining, although perhaps not through a traditional union movement, was also suggested.43 A slow movement overly focused on democratic process at the best of times, Occupy was open to being portrayed by the press as increasingly dirty, dangerous, unfocused, or even Marxist and laughable.44 The Occupiers were so enamored of direct democracy that they celebrated divisions within the movement rather than making progress toward some common goal.45 Nonetheless, the Occupy movement brought sustained public attention to the issue of inequality and the degree to which American politics had been captured by the wealthiest 1 percent. Awareness of the issue among young people arguably fueled Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders’s popularity during the 2016 Democratic presidential primary. DISSATISFACTION WITH THE STATUS QUO: THE TEA PARTY A right-wing protest movement emerged a year before the Occupy movement. It was, in its own way, also a protest movement against inequality, but it defined the major issues differently.

The 99.998271% by Simon Wood

banking crisis, clean water, drone strike, equal pay for equal work, Julian Assange, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, Steve Jobs, Twitter Arab Spring, WikiLeaks

The Occupy Wall Street protests have spread rapidly around the country and now all over the world, and may continue to do so. The reason for the popularity of these protests is simple: the protesters want to live by truly democratic principles and are tired of bought and corrupt politicians. They know who pulls the strings and want no more of it. It is remarkable in itself that the Occupy movement is supported according to polls by a majority of Americans. Historically, such movements take much longer to garner such support. The fact that this has happened so quickly serves as testament to the frustration huge numbers of Americans feel. Yet another worrying domestic issue for Americans is the massive database being created by the National Security Agency (NSA) through warrantless wiretapping.

…

The Occupy Wall Street movement, at first ignored completely by the establishment media, is now feeling the full force of the propaganda mill, with protestors smeared as ‘hippies’ and ‘pot smokers’ with ‘no direction in their lives’ and so on. 41 The author of this book is not a professional journalist, so I hereby request that professional journalists in the media point out to me the part of the course in journalism they studied at college which says that journalists are supposed to criticize, insult, judge and demean the subjects of the stories they cover. It may be old fashioned to say it, but are journalists not simply supposed to report facts in a neutral fashion, and provide honest, unbiased background or analysis (without omissions of important, relevant information) in order to inform the public? The Occupy movement, while an important expression of discontent, is in danger of stagnating unless it evolves and/or grows significantly. With winter already here, only the hardiest will remain steadfast in the face of wall-to-wall media condemnation, ridicule and propaganda. And many are. When spring comes, the elites know that most of the country will be engrossed in the biggest reality show in town – the presidential election.

…

This could never happen, because both parties are controlled by their financial benefactors, but it would be an interesting experiment, as the media and all other instruments of the corporate elites which ensure the status quo is maintained would be forced to fire at such a person with all guns blazing, just as they are doing with the Occupy movement. The world would witness a campaign of character assassination the like of which has never been seen before. An alternative is for someone to run as an independent candidate. Step forward Matt Damon! There is only one other option, one thing that can save the sane majority who do not want violence, war, torture, hatred or greed, but simply want to live a productive life in peace with all the tools of freedom guaranteed for them and their children in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - and that is to endow the people with executive power in a legal fashion as described later in this book.

Think Complexity by Allen B. Downey

Benoit Mandelbrot, cellular automata, Conway's Game of Life, Craig Reynolds: boids flock, discrete time, en.wikipedia.org, Frank Gehry, Gini coefficient, Guggenheim Bilbao, Laplace demon, mandelbrot fractal, Occupy movement, Paul Erdős, peer-to-peer, Pierre-Simon Laplace, power law, seminal paper, sorting algorithm, stochastic process, strong AI, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Turing complete, Turing machine, Vilfredo Pareto, We are the 99%

Similar behavior is seen in most real economies where a small part of the population holds a large fraction of the wealth. Extreme wealth inequality is generally considered a problem, because it means there are many people barely surviving while others are fabulously rich. The Occupy Movement Wealth inequality has partly fueled a modern social movement known as the Occupy movement. The first significant Occupy protest was on Wall Street in New York City, where thousands of protesters gathered to express their dismay with the distribution of wealth, among other things. The movement’s motto is “We are the 99%,” reminding politicians to serve the majority, not the 1% who control more than a third of the nation’s wealth.

…

Self-Organized Criticality Sand Piles Spectral Density Fast Fourier Transform Pink Noise Reductionism and Holism SOC, Causation, and Prediction 10. Agent-Based Models Thomas Schelling Agent-Based Models Traffic Jams Boids Prisoner’s Dilemma Emergence Free Will 11. Case Study: Sugarscape The Original Sugarscape The Occupy Movement A New Take on Sugarscape Pygame Taxation and the Leave Behind The Gini Coefficient Results with Taxation Conclusion 12. Case Study: Ant Trails Introduction Model Overview API Design Sparse Matrices wx Applications 13. Case Study: Directed Graphs and Knots Directed Graphs Implementation Detecting Knots Knots in Wikipedia 14.

…

The movement’s motto is “We are the 99%,” reminding politicians to serve the majority, not the 1% who control more than a third of the nation’s wealth. A major goal of the movement is to achieve a more equal distribution of income, which protesters hope to accomplish by implementing a more progressive tax policy. One of the effects of taxation is to redistribute wealth from the rich to the poor. But opponents of the Occupy movement (and many fiscal conservatives) claim that high tax rates for the rich actually hurt the population as a whole. The logic is that wealthy people employ the poor, redistributing the wealth without the need for tax levies. A New Take on Sugarscape Our implementation of Sugarscape aims to study the effect of taxation on the wealth of a society.

The Riders Come Out at Night: Brutality, Corruption, and Cover-Up in Oakland by Ali Winston, Darwin Bondgraham

affirmative action, anti-communist, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Bear Stearns, Black Lives Matter, Broken windows theory, Chelsea Manning, cognitive dissonance, collective bargaining, COVID-19, crack epidemic, defund the police, deindustrialization, desegregation, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, Ferguson, Missouri, friendly fire, full employment, gentrification, George Floyd, global pandemic, Golden Gate Park, mass incarceration, Nelson Mandela, Occupy movement, Oklahoma City bombing, old-boy network, Port of Oakland, power law, Ronald Reagan, San Francisco homelessness, Silicon Valley, sovereign wealth fund, transcontinental railway, urban renewal, W. E. B. Du Bois, War on Poverty, white flight, WikiLeaks, Yogi Berra

., 5–6, 133, 168–69 Noll, Holly, 261–62 Norfleet, Derrick, 254 Norteños (gang), 195, 267–68 North Side Oakland (NSO, gang), 265–66 Nowak, Steven, 41, 44 NSA, see Negotiated Settlement Agreement (NSA, OPD) Nut Cases (gang), 303 O Oakland, California, 177–78, 242–44, 247, 258, 273–76, 302, 305–6 Caldecott Tunnel fire (1990), 174–75 Citizens’ Police Review Board, 7, 19, 132–33, 157–58, 174, 182, 189–93, 290–91, 306, 351–52, 374 crime statistics, 34, 163, 175, 178–79, 186, 266, 302, 308, 341 disinvestment and white flight, 5–6, 33–39, 125–26, 152, 162–67, 175–76, 179 drug trade, see drug trade economic rebounds / gentrification, 16, 24–25, 125–26, 179, 181, 281, 314 financial challenges, 158, 162–63, 167–68, 243, 273–74, 280–82, 302 Ghost Town (Hoover-Foster neighborhood, West Oakland), 5–6, 14, 59, 222, 303–4, see also Black Panther Party (BPP); the Riders history of ethnic conflicts and corruption, 100–108, 110–20 history of labor conflicts, 108–13, 127, 288–91 Ku Klux Klan and, 103–6, 107–8 legal settlements, see Negotiated Settlement Agreement (NSA, OPD); Oakland, California legal settlements and jury award payments Loma Prieta quake (1989), 173–74 Measure Y parcel tax, 243, 274–76 Measure Z parcel and parking tax, 314 Occupy movement, see Occupy movement police department, see Oakland Police Department (OPD) Port Chicago disaster (1944), 131 Port of Oakland, see Port of Oakland Privacy Advisory Commission, 311, 382, see also surveillance racial discrimination and segregation, 121–29, 131, 171, 201, 299, 312–13 rise of Black leadership, 34, 38 school boycott (1966), 121–22, 124 Oakland, California legal settlements and jury award payments, 83, 88–89, 296, 298 Melvin Black killing, 156 Bradshaw / Meyer illegal strip-searches, 224–25, 272 Burris / Chanin Warrantgate class action lawsuit, 220–21, 224 federal consent decree, 94–96, 98–99, 207, 240, 265, 374, see also Negotiated Settlement Agreement (NSA, OPD) Matthew Hornung wrongful termination suit, 81 Gary King, Jr. killing, 193 Uganda Knapps, 272 Monell doctrine and, 89–90 for OPD abuses of protesters, 264 for OPD officer punitive damages penalties, 272 Matthew Watson, 98 D’Wayne Wiggins, 18 Willie Wilkins killing, 201 Mack “Jody” Woodfox killing, 206 Oakland Black Officers Association, 148, 155, 369–70, 377 Oakland Direct Action Committee (ODAC), 121–22, 123 Oakland Economic Development Council (OEDC), 132–33 Oakland Police Commission Community Police Review Agency (CPRA), 352–53, 367, 369 creation of, 352, 375 sexual exploitation scandal and, 352 termination of Anne Kirkpatrick, 372–76 Oakland Police Department (OPD) absence of US Justice Department “patterns and practices” review, 62–63 achieves compliance with the NSA, 378–79 Chief Armstrong, 366, 377–79 Chief Batts, see Batts, Anthony Black Lives Matter and, 244, 316–17, 353 Black officer resistance to police violence, 138–41 Black Panthers and, see Black Panther Party (BPP) Citizens’ Police Review Board (CPRB) and, 7, 19, 132–33, 157–58, 174, 182, 189–93, 290–91, 306, 351–52, 374 code of silence, 18, 24, 29, 54–57, 63, 68–70, 73, 138–39, 291–92, 297, 327, 340, 383 community-policing model, 177–78, 274–76 Crime Reduction Teams (CRTs), 39–41, 48, 52, 182, 217, 308, 359 Criminal Investigation Division (CID), 256, 297, 343–44, 348 directed patrols, 78–79, 300 DNA testing, 227–28, 245, 305 documentary film about, 313–14, 342 drug trade, see drug trade early intervention program and, 7–8, 341 Executive Force Review Board (EFRB), 186, 197–98, 279–80, 366–70 FBI investigations of, 154, 233, 234, 236, 278, 288 federal court oversight and reform, 3, 94–96, 98–99, 107, 180, 240, 265, 374, see also Negotiated Settlement Agreement (NSA, OPD) Fruitvale BART Station rally for Oscar Grant III shooting, 237, 239–44 Chief Gain, see Gain, Charles gangs and, see drug trade; gangs Grove-Shafter Freeway sniper, 153–54 Chief Hart, see Hart, George T.

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In their after-action reports, Alameda County sheriffs’ deputies on the skirmish line next to the OPD’s Tango Teams copied the same boilerplate disavowals: “None of the suspects remained on scene for medical treatment and all of the suspects fled by running, which indicated they were not injured as a result of the deployment.”47 The police riot vaulted Occupy Oakland to the top of the news cycle within hours. The Occupy movement’s center of gravity shifted, establishing the Northern California protesters as a militant alternative to Zuccotti Park media darlings. Video from reporters and protesters on the ground, as well as news choppers, documenting the hours of clashes, tear gas, and Olsen’s brutal injury shocked viewers around the world.

…

A modified World War II–era poster of an aviator in a heroic pose hung on a bulletin board in the basement firing range at OPD headquarters—the same range where a scene from the Dirty Harry sequel Magnum Force was filmed in 1973—with the caption: “You shut the fuck up. We’ll protect America. Keep out of our fucking way, liberal pussies.”13 Officers justified their violence against the Oscar Grant and Occupy movements by claiming that “anarchists,” both real and imagined, were instigating protests and had to be dealt with violently. Those who offered a more nuanced view of these demonstrations and the need to respect First Amendment rights were dismissed as clueless liberals. A printout of an article about NSA’s extension featured a defaced photo of Judge Henderson with exaggerated lips and bulging eyes.

Digital Bank: Strategies for Launching or Becoming a Digital Bank by Chris Skinner

algorithmic trading, AltaVista, Amazon Web Services, Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic, augmented reality, bank run, Basel III, bitcoin, Bitcoin Ponzi scheme, business cycle, business intelligence, business process, business process outsourcing, buy and hold, call centre, cashless society, clean water, cloud computing, corporate social responsibility, credit crunch, cross-border payments, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, demand response, disintermediation, don't be evil, en.wikipedia.org, fault tolerance, fiat currency, financial innovation, gamification, Google Glasses, high net worth, informal economy, information security, Infrastructure as a Service, Internet of things, Jeff Bezos, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, M-Pesa, margin call, mass affluent, MITM: man-in-the-middle, mobile money, Mohammed Bouazizi, new economy, Northern Rock, Occupy movement, Pingit, platform as a service, Ponzi scheme, prediction markets, pre–internet, QR code, quantitative easing, ransomware, reserve currency, RFID, Salesforce, Satoshi Nakamoto, Silicon Valley, smart cities, social intelligence, software as a service, Steve Jobs, strong AI, Stuxnet, the long tail, trade route, unbanked and underbanked, underbanked, upwardly mobile, vertical integration, We are the 99%, web application, WikiLeaks, Y2K

Therefore, even though the government had taken down all official lines of communication, unofficial technology channels sprang up rapidly to provide alternative cover, and many of these unofficial channels were being launched by individual supports in Holland, France, America and around the rest of the world. Is this a time when societies worldwide change their world or will media, finance and government, continue to control and direct? Not necessarily, as demonstrated by another major protest movement: the Occupy Movement. The Occupy Movement and the 99% Facebook have a vision “to accomplish a social mission - to make the world more open and connected”. As demonstrated by the Arab Spring, that vision is well on the way to being achieved, and there are other examples of how this vision is being delivered. In fact, the real change that Facebook, Twitter and other social pressure organisations such as Change.org have brought about is the ability for one person to create a major social movement.

…

We saw this social change begin when services such as MySpace allowed individuals to launch their musical careers. Many stars of today, such as Lily Allen, Kate Nash and Sean Kingston, started on a MySpace page. The social network allowed artistes to attract interest without having to find major music moguls or clubs to perform. Then we saw the Arab Spring and, more recently, the Occupy Movement. The Occupy Movement began as a civil protest in New York in September 2011, with the aim of airing the frustration of the masses over job losses, house foreclosures and general disillusionment with those in power: the financial system, rather than the political system. After all, Occupy would have started in Washington if it were aimed at the political system.

…

One was from Priscilla Grim who noticed that, after a fortnight, the website was not being updated so she offered to help Chris edit it. Soon, the service became a cohesive force for change behind the Occupy Movement. The photos being posted proved to have a major emotional impact, and the blog went viral with protestors adopting the phrase “We Are The 99 Per Cent” as a slogan, writing it on signs and banners. It is quite clear from the emergence of the Arab Spring, the Occupy Movement and the 99% that these and many other social movements would just not exist in the same way without Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Change and the power of today’s social internet.

Young Money: Inside the Hidden World of Wall Street's Post-Crash Recruits by Kevin Roose

activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Basel III, Bear Stearns, Carl Icahn, cognitive dissonance, collateralized debt obligation, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, deal flow, discounted cash flows, Donald Trump, East Village, eat what you kill, eurozone crisis, financial engineering, fixed income, forward guidance, glass ceiling, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, hedonic treadmill, information security, Jane Street, jitney, junk bonds, Kevin Roose, knowledge worker, Michael Milken, new economy, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, plutocrats, proprietary trading, Robert Shiller, selection bias, shareholder value, side project, Silicon Valley, Skype, Steve Jobs, tail risk, The Predators' Ball, too big to fail, two and twenty, urban planning, We are the 99%, work culture , young professional

Another young bank employee I met just outside the Occupy protests laughed when I asked him if he was doing a lot of deep thinking as a result of what was happening in Zuccotti Park. “I work for UBS,” he said, referring to the beleaguered Swiss bank that had just announced a $2 billion loss stemming from the actions of a rogue trader. “We have bigger problems right now.” One dissenting note several young financiers brought up with respect to the Occupy movement was that it made no distinction between the executives whose decisions had brought about the financial crisis and the tens of thousands of back-office, middle-office, and junior front-office employees who made much less money than C-suite executives and had no decision-making capabilities at all.

…

Bush’s personal chef for the war in Iraq. Still, by virtue of taking part in a financial system that Occupy found oppressive, young analysts had opened themselves up for criticism. Jeremy Miller-Reed had always been discreet about telling people that he worked at Goldman Sachs. But now that the Occupy movement was increasing the heat on banks, with Goldman often bearing the brunt of the criticism, he found himself cloaking it even more often. “I lie whenever I go out now,” he told me. “I tell people I’m a consultant, a lawyer, whatever—anything but a Wall Street guy.” Jeremy’s paranoia had been boosted during the third week of the protests, during a routine doctor’s visit.

…

“I’ve been saying to people who are planning to go into finance, ‘I’m disappointed in you,’” Marina said. In the two months since Marina’s original essay ran, students at many other top-flight colleges had begun raising questions about the dominance of financial recruiting on their campuses. Offshoots of the Occupy movement had organized several student protests, including one at Princeton, in which a group of students interrupted a J.P. Morgan information session. The protesters rose from their seats midsession and shouted in unison: “Your predatory lending practices helped crash our economy, we’ve bailed out your executives’ bonuses, you’ve evicted struggling homeowners while taking their tax money.

Capitalism: A Ghost Story by Arundhati Roy

activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Bretton Woods, corporate governance, feminist movement, Frank Gehry, ghettoisation, Howard Zinn, informal economy, land bank, land reform, Mahatma Gandhi, means of production, megacity, microcredit, Nelson Mandela, neoliberal agenda, Occupy movement, RAND corporation, reserve currency, special economic zone, spectrum auction, stem cell, The Chicago School, Washington Consensus, WikiLeaks

It did so to such an extent that it ceased to be perceived as an ideology at all. It became the default position, the natural way to be. It infiltrated normality, colonized ordinariness, and challenging it began to seem as absurd or as esoteric as challenging reality itself. From here it was a quick, easy step to “There Is No Alternative.” It is only now, thanks to the Occupy movement, that another language has appeared on US streets and campuses. To see students with banners that say “Class War” or “We don’t mind you being rich, but we mind you buying our government” is, given the odds, almost a revolution in itself. One century after it began, corporate philanthropy is as much part of our lives as Coca-Cola.

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Afterword Afterword Speech to the People’s University Yesterday morning the police cleared Zuccotti Park, but today the people are back. The police should know that this protest is not a battle for territory. We’re not fighting for the right to occupy a park here or there. We are fighting for Justice. Justice, not just for the people of the United States, but for everybody. What you have achieved since September 17, when the Occupy Movement began in the United States, is to introduce a new imagination, a new political language, into the heart of Empire. You have reintroduced the right to dream into a system that tried to turn everybody into zombies mesmerized into equating mindless consumerism with happiness and fulfillment. As a writer, let me tell you, this is an immense achievement.

…

As a result of twenty years of the Free Market economy, today one hundred of India’s richest people own assets worth one-fourth of the country’s GDP while more than 80 percent of the people live on less than fifty cents a day.3 Two hundred fifty thousand farmers driven into a spiral of death have committed suicide.4 We call this progress and now think of ourselves as a superpower. Like you, we are well qualified, we have nuclear bombs and obscene inequality. The good news is that people have had enough and are not going to take it anymore. The Occupy Movement has joined thousands of other resistance movements all over the world in which the poorest of people are standing up and stopping the richest corporations in their tracks. Few of us dreamed that we would see you, the people of the United States, on our side, trying to do this in the heart of Empire.

Present Shock: When Everything Happens Now by Douglas Rushkoff

"Hurricane Katrina" Superdome, algorithmic trading, Alvin Toffler, Andrew Keen, bank run, behavioural economics, Benoit Mandelbrot, big-box store, Black Swan, British Empire, Buckminster Fuller, business cycle, cashless society, citizen journalism, clockwork universe, cognitive dissonance, Credit Default Swap, crowdsourcing, Danny Hillis, disintermediation, Donald Trump, double helix, East Village, Elliott wave, European colonialism, Extropian, facts on the ground, Flash crash, Future Shock, game design, global pandemic, global supply chain, global village, Howard Rheingold, hypertext link, Inbox Zero, invention of agriculture, invention of hypertext, invisible hand, iterative process, James Bridle, John Nash: game theory, Kevin Kelly, laissez-faire capitalism, lateral thinking, Law of Accelerating Returns, Lewis Mumford, loss aversion, mandelbrot fractal, Marshall McLuhan, Merlin Mann, messenger bag, Milgram experiment, mirror neurons, mutually assured destruction, negative equity, Network effects, New Urbanism, Nicholas Carr, Norbert Wiener, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, passive investing, pattern recognition, peak oil, Peter Pan Syndrome, price mechanism, prisoner's dilemma, Ralph Nelson Elliott, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, scientific management, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Silicon Valley, SimCity, Skype, social graph, South Sea Bubble, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, supply-chain management, technological determinism, the medium is the message, The Wisdom of Crowds, theory of mind, Tragedy of the Commons, Turing test, upwardly mobile, Whole Earth Catalog, WikiLeaks, Y2K, zero-sum game

Young people took Obama at his word, rising to the challenge to become change rather than wait for it. Of course, it turned out to be more of a campaign slogan than an invitation to civic participation—just more rhetoric for a quite-storybook, ends-justify-the-means push to power. It would be left to the Occupy movement to attempt a genuinely presentist approach to social and political change. But Obama’s speechwriters had at least identified the shift under way, the failure of stories to create a greater sense of continuity, and the growing sense that something much more immediate and relevant needed to take their place.

…

For the one thing the Tea Party appears to want more than the destruction of government is to elect Tea Party members to positions within it. The impatient rush to judgment of the Tea Party movement is only as unnerving as the perpetually patient deliberation of its counterpart present shock movement, Occupy Wall Street. Opposite reactions to collapse of political narrative, the Tea Party yearns for finality while the Occupy movement attempts to sustain indeterminacy. Inspired by the social-media-influenced revolutions of the Arab Spring, Occupy Wall Street began as a one-day campaign to call attention to the inequities inherent in a bank-run, quarterly-focused, debt-driven economy. It morphed into something of a permanent revolution, however, dedicated to producing new models of political and economic activity by its very example.

…

See connectivity Internet: as always-on, 73–74; culture of, 96–97, 99; decontextualized, 27; development of, 224; digiphrenia and, 67, 93, 124, 125; discontinuity of age of, 29; ethics and, 70; fractalnoia and, 199, 224; games and, 64; location of computers and, 179–80; narrative collapse and, 16, 27, 29, 47, 48, 50–51, 56, 64; as never sleeping, 69; Occupy Movement and, 56; overwinding and, 179–80; public confidence about news on, 51; real-time news and, 47, 48; reporting and opining and the, 50–51 interruptions, 74, 123 intuition/instinct, 5, 219–20, 222, 233, 234–35 investments. See financial markets Iraq War, 232 Ito, Joichi, 191–92 James, LeBron, 41 Japan, 148, 191, 198, 225 Jarvis, Jeff, 52 Jay-Z, 154 jet lag, 89–90 Jezebel, 97 jobs/employees, 156, 170, 187–88, 217–18 Jobs, Steve, 108, 203 Johnson, Lyndon B., 45 Johnson, Steve, 118, 203 Jordan, Michael, 41 journalism, 50–52, 56, 66.

The Government of No One: The Theory and Practice of Anarchism by Ruth Kinna

Anthropocene, Berlin Wall, British Empire, complexity theory, creative destruction, critical race theory, David Graeber, deep learning, degrowth, en.wikipedia.org, Fall of the Berlin Wall, feminist movement, friendly fire, ghettoisation, Herbert Marcuse, intentional community, John Gilmore, Kickstarter, late capitalism, means of production, meritocracy, moral panic, Murray Bookchin, New Journalism, Occupy movement, post scarcity, public intellectual, rewilding, Steven Pinker, Ted Kaczynski, union organizing, wage slave

Anarchists emerge from it as prodemocracy critics of liberal-democratic regimes rather than averse to democracy as opponents of their constitutional arrangements. Murray Bookchin’s ‘communalism’ is one of the best known pro-democracy anarchist models. More recently, not least because it was widely practised in the Occupy movement, the idea of consensus decision-making has taken centre stage in anarchist thinking about democracy. Bookchin understood democracy as a principle of both self-management and collective decision-making, integral to anarchist decentralized federation, and, ethically, as a process for social freedom.

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The point is not to ‘convert others’ to a single point of view or exert power by mobilizing support for preferred options. In this sense, it breaks with standard electoral models. Some anarchists reject consensus decision-making, considering it a deeply flawed organizational process. Bookchin died before the Occupy movement ‘enacted the impossible’ and introduced processes of consensus decision-making in mass public assemblies.86 But familiar with its adoption in activist movements in the 1970s, he rejected it as unanarchist. His practical objection was that consensus decision-making ‘permits an insidious authoritarianism and gross manipulations’.

…

Practised with ‘skill sharing, resource sharing, horizontal organizing without leaders, mutual emotional caretaking, no official membership lists or fees, joining by doing’, consensus contributes to the construction of the non-hegemonic social relationships that enable self-government.88 These ideas also infused the politics of the Occupy movement of 2011, where consensus decision-making was practised by large numbers of people. For David Graeber, one of the leading lights in Occupy, consensus not only described a participatory decision-making practice but an alternative system of self-government. As it was enacted in Occupy camps, consensus emerged as a political practice that enabled participants to take decisions at General Assemblies transparently and directly.

Data and Goliath: The Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World by Bruce Schneier

23andMe, Airbnb, airport security, AltaVista, Anne Wojcicki, AOL-Time Warner, augmented reality, behavioural economics, Benjamin Mako Hill, Black Swan, Boris Johnson, Brewster Kahle, Brian Krebs, call centre, Cass Sunstein, Chelsea Manning, citizen journalism, Citizen Lab, cloud computing, congestion charging, data science, digital rights, disintermediation, drone strike, Eben Moglen, Edward Snowden, end-to-end encryption, Evgeny Morozov, experimental subject, failed state, fault tolerance, Ferguson, Missouri, Filter Bubble, Firefox, friendly fire, Google Chrome, Google Glasses, heat death of the universe, hindsight bias, informal economy, information security, Internet Archive, Internet of things, Jacob Appelbaum, James Bridle, Jaron Lanier, John Gilmore, John Markoff, Julian Assange, Kevin Kelly, Laura Poitras, license plate recognition, lifelogging, linked data, Lyft, Mark Zuckerberg, moral panic, Nash equilibrium, Nate Silver, national security letter, Network effects, Occupy movement, operational security, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, payday loans, pre–internet, price discrimination, profit motive, race to the bottom, RAND corporation, real-name policy, recommendation engine, RFID, Ross Ulbricht, satellite internet, self-driving car, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, smart grid, Snapchat, social graph, software as a service, South China Sea, sparse data, stealth mode startup, Steven Levy, Stuxnet, TaskRabbit, technological determinism, telemarketer, Tim Cook: Apple, transaction costs, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, undersea cable, unit 8200, urban planning, Wayback Machine, WikiLeaks, workplace surveillance , Yochai Benkler, yottabyte, zero day

the FBI’s COINTELPRO: US Senate (26 Apr 1976), “Final report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, United States Senate, Book II: Intelligence activities and the rights of Americans,” US Government Printing Office, p. 213, https://archive.org/details/finalreportofsel02unit. US has spied on the Occupy: Michael S. Schmidt and Colin Moynihan (24 Dec 2012), “FBI counterterrorism agents monitored Occupy movement, records show,” New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/25/nyregion/occupy-movement-was-investigated-by-fbi-counterterrorism-agents-records-show.html. Beau Hodai (9 Jun 2013), “Government surveillance of Occupy movement,” Sourcewatch, http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Government_Surveillance_of_Occupy_Movement. pro- and anti-abortion activists: Charlie Savage and Scott Shane (16 Dec 2009), “Intelligence improperly collected on U.S. citizens,” New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/17/us/17disclose.html.

…

In COINTELPRO the Bureau secretly took the law into its own hands, going beyond the collection of intelligence and beyond its law enforcement function to act outside the legal process altogether and to covertly disrupt, discredit and harass groups and individuals.” Nothing has changed. Since 9/11, the US has spied on the Occupy movement, pro- and anti-abortion activists, peace activists, and other political protesters. • The NSA and FBI spied on many prominent Muslim Americans who had nothing to do with terrorism, including Faisal Gill, a longtime Republican Party operative and onetime candidate for public office who held a top-secret security clearance and served in the Department of Homeland Security under President George W.

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Again, people were targeted because of their ethnicity, not because of any accusations of crimes or evidence of wrongdoing. Many of these operations were conducted with the help of the CIA, which is prohibited by law from spying on Americans. There’s plenty more. Boston’s fusion center spied on Veterans for Peace, the women’s antiwar organization Code Pink, and the Occupy movement. In 2013, the city teamed with IBM to deploy a video surveillance system at a music festival. During the same time period, the Pentagon’s Counterintelligence Field Activity spied on all sorts of innocent American civilians—something the Department of Defense is prohibited by law from doing. Echoing Hoover’s attempt to intimidate King, the NSA has been collecting data on the porn-viewing habits of Muslim “radicalizers”—not terrorists, but those who through political speech might radicalize others—with the idea of blackmailing them.

Pax Technica: How the Internet of Things May Set Us Free or Lock Us Up by Philip N. Howard

Aaron Swartz, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Berlin Wall, bitcoin, blood diamond, Bretton Woods, Brian Krebs, British Empire, butter production in bangladesh, call centre, Chelsea Manning, citizen journalism, Citizen Lab, clean water, cloud computing, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, digital map, Edward Snowden, en.wikipedia.org, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, feminist movement, Filter Bubble, Firefox, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Google Earth, Hacker News, Howard Rheingold, income inequality, informal economy, information security, Internet of things, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, Kibera, Kickstarter, land reform, M-Pesa, Marshall McLuhan, megacity, Mikhail Gorbachev, mobile money, Mohammed Bouazizi, national security letter, Nelson Mandela, Network effects, obamacare, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, packet switching, pension reform, prediction markets, sentiment analysis, Silicon Valley, Skype, spectrum auction, statistical model, Stuxnet, Tactical Technology Collective, technological determinism, trade route, Twitter Arab Spring, undersea cable, uranium enrichment, WikiLeaks, zero day

Such new world orders have been given the label of pax—an epoch of predictable stability based on known rules and expectations. The internet of things is establishing a new pax. Popular uprisings against long-standing dictators have rocked the Arab world. Antiestablishment movements in the West—the Tea Party in the United States, the Pirate Party in the European Union, the Occupy movement globally—have organized protests and captivated voters in unexpected ways. Around the world some regimes are more precarious, yet others seem as stable as ever. The Western internet, constituted by billions of mobile phones, computers, and other networked devices, has formed the largest information infrastructure ever.

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Opposition movements started catching ruling elites off guard by using new communications technologies to organize huge numbers of people quickly. The very policy reforms that seemed to make some governments popular and some economies boom were allowing new political actors to act in powerful and decisive ways. After the Occupy Movement and the Arab Spring, and after a host of politicians from around the world were disgraced by the quick judgment of the internet, governments that hadn’t relaxed the rules became less interested in doing so. Lots of governments try to control the internet, and they are likely to keep on trying.

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People sometimes say that the internet doesn’t “cause” democracy. Or “it’s the people, not the mobile phones.” But people and their technology are often impossible to separate. Try to imagine your life without your mobile phone or your internet connection. Or try to tell the story of the Arab Spring, the Occupy movement, or any recent international social movement without mentioning digital media. You’ll find yourself with an incomplete story. Many of the people involved with these movements are eager to talk about the devices and media that are their tools of resistance. Their technology and their story go together.

The Socialist Manifesto: The Case for Radical Politics in an Era of Extreme Inequality by Bhaskar Sunkara

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, agricultural Revolution, Bernie Sanders, British Empire, business climate, business cycle, capital controls, centre right, Charles Lindbergh, collective bargaining, Deng Xiaoping, deskilling, Donald Trump, equal pay for equal work, fake news, false flag, feminist movement, Ferguson, Missouri, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, gig economy, Great Leap Forward, Gunnar Myrdal, happiness index / gross national happiness, high-speed rail, Honoré de Balzac, income inequality, inventory management, Jeremy Corbyn, labor-force participation, land reform, land value tax, Mark Zuckerberg, means of production, Meghnad Desai, Mikhail Gorbachev, Neil Kinnock, new economy, Occupy movement, postindustrial economy, precariat, race to the bottom, Ralph Waldo Emerson, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, SimCity, single-payer health, Steve Bannon, telemarketer, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, too big to fail, union organizing, Upton Sinclair, urban renewal, We are all Keynesians now, We are the 99%

In 2015, he succeeded in doing what he had failed to do in 2011: among the devastating reforms passed that year was a $300 million cut to public education and the introduction of “right to work” laws that gutted Wisconsin unions. The battles in Wisconsin were of real interest to citizens of the state and to those who sought a revival of the labor movement, but they had limited national resonance. By contrast, the Occupy Movement, a rebellion against inequality and financial power, captured the media spotlight. It was an idea that by all rights should have failed. Occupy sprung out of the same tradition of the antiglobalization movement of the late 1990s and 2000s—more specifically, out of North America’s tiny anarchist movement.

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See Britain, history of socialism in; China, history of socialism in; Germany, history of socialism in; Russia, history of socialism in; Sweden, history of socialism in; Third World; United States, history of socialism in Hitler, Adolf, 57, 177, 179 Hobsbawm, Eric, 207–208 Homestead Strike, 162 Howe, Irving, 180 Hundred Flower Campaigns, 148 identity politics, 235–236 ideology differences in, 67–68, 168, 175, 230 ideological kulaks, 102 influence on policy, 98–99, 112–113, 115, 120, 122–123, 152–153 in lieu of incentives, 145, 150 as motivation for socialism, 27–28, 233, 240 See also Marxism immigration, 217 imperialism, 74, 129–131, 147, 156 income inequality in China, 190 and Occupy Movement, 196–198 in Sweden, 119–120 in US, 160, 196–198, 200 incrementalism, 59 Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD), Germany, 78 India, 152, 190–191 industrialization in Britain, 38–41, 44 in China, 141–142 in Germany, 52 in Russia, 101–102 in Sweden, 112 in Third World, 156 Industrial Revolution, 38–41, 44 industrial unionism, 169, 177, 182 Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 165, 169–170, 171 inflation in Britain, 108, 206–207 in China, 141 and Keynesianism, 109 in Russia, 88 and social democracy, 127, 190 in Sweden, 123 Ingrao, Pietro, 242–243 internationalism of capitalism, 222 foreign aid, 156 influence of Maoism worldwide, 150 international revolution, 87, 96–97, 100, 103 and peace, 72, 241–242 and revolution, 87, 96–97, 100, 103 Russia-China relations, 134–136, 142, 147–148 See also Communist International (Comintern) International Workers Congresses of Paris, 56 International Workingmen’s Association (IWA), 43 intersectionality, 202 Ireland, 38 iron law of wages, 53, 54, 162 IWW (Industrial Workers of the World), 165, 169–170, 171 Jacobin (magazine), 231 Japan, 133–134, 139 Jaurès, Jean, 75–76, 106 Jena Congress, 68, 70 Jiang Qing, 148 Jiangxi Soviet, 137 Jim Crow, 118, 183 Jospin, Lionel, 126 JPMorgan, 193, 204–205 Judaism, 110, 211 Junkers, 52, 57, 72 Kamenev, Lev, 89–90, 92 Kautsky, Karl on class, 225 criticism of Bernstein, 63–64 and Debs, 167 establishment of Erfurt Program, 58–59 on governance, 106, 107 and Lenin, 83 and SPD, 59–60, 74, 75 Trotsky on, 84–85 and war vote, 78, 84–85 Keller, Helen, 170 Kennedy, Ted, 185 Kerensky, Alexander, 89, 92 Keynes, John Maynard, 109 Keynesianism, 109, 194, 207 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 183, 235 Kissinger, Henry, 151 KMT (Kuomintang).

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See Maoism mass mobilization, 133–134, 219, 223–224 mass strike, 65–68, 134, 135, 181 Mass Strike, the Political Party and the Trade Unions, The (Luxemburg), 66 Matignon Accords, 111 May 30 Incident, 133–134 McCarthyism, 182 Medicare for All, 200, 218, 221 Meidner, Rudolf, 114–116, 119, 120, 123–124 Meidner Plan, 119, 123–124 Mensheviks growth of, 86–87 in Russian Revolution (1905), 84 in Russian Revolution (1917), 88–89, 91, 92–94, 103 and White movement, 97 Miliband, Ed, 210 Miliband, Ralph, 206 military strategy, 137–138 militias, 72, 137, 163 Mitterrand, François, 124, 219 mixed economy, 95, 99–100, 125 Möller, Gustav, 114 Morgan Stanley, 204–205 Morris, William, 225 mortgages, 192–193 motivations for socialism, 27–28, 239–243 Movement for Black Lives (MBL), 198–199 My Life (Trotsky), 2 Myrdal, Gunnar, 114 National Health Service (England), 206 nationalism in China, 134, 147, 151, 153 in Germany, 72–74 self-determination, 129–130 See also internationalism nationalization calls for, 95, 107, 164, 212, 220 in China, 141–142 in France, 107, 124–125 in Germany, 55 resistance in Sweden, 113, 114–116 in Russia, 99, 142 weaknesses of, 116–117 national liberation, 129–130, 234 National Negro Congress, 178 Nazism, 79, 102, 180 neoliberalism, 2–3, 123, 191, 205, 213, 218 Neue Zeit, Die (journal), 60, 62 New Deal, 178–180 New Economic Policy (NEP), 99–100, 101, 140 New Harmony, 160 New Jewel Movement, 154 New Left, 183–184 New Marriage Law, 140 New Masses (magazine), 181 New New Deal, 194 new social movements, 208 New York Call (newspaper), 170 New York Times, 112 Nicaragua, 154 Nicholas II, 88 1905 Revolution (Russia), 65–66, 84, 85–86 Nixon, Richard, 151 Noske, Gustav, 51, 73, 79 Nyerere, Julius, 154 Obama, Barack, 193–195 Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria, 206 Occupy Movement, 196–198 October Revolution, 92–94, 103. See also Russian Revolution (1917) Olbermann, Keith, 205–206 “110 Propositions for France,” 124–125 OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries), 207–208 oppression, 199, 201–202, 208, 226, 234–236. See also race; women’s rights Order Number One, 89 organizing, 228–229 Owen, Robert, 46, 160 Palme, Olof, 105, 117–122, 156 Panic of 1873, 162 Paris Commune, 47–48, 85 Paris Congress (1889), 56 Parliamentary Socialism (Miliband), 206 Parsons, Albert, 162–163 peasants cooperation with proletariat, 88–89, 99, 112–113, 133, 139 and economic policy, 99, 141–143, 145–146 under feudalism, 36–37 and revolution, 87, 89, 133, 137, 139 Peng Dehuai, 146 Peng Shuzi, 133 People’s Liberation Army, 149 Pepper, John (József Pogány), 176–177 permanent revolution, 87, 90, 133, 148 philanthropy, 191 Pieck, Wilhelm, 51 Pivert, Marceau, 111 planned economy, 17, 99, 103–104, 119, 140–143, 145–146 Pogány, József (John Pepper), 176–177 political rights, 52, 58, 85.

Beyond Outrage: Expanded Edition: What Has Gone Wrong With Our Economy and Our Democracy, and How to Fix It by Robert B. Reich

2013 Report for America's Infrastructure - American Society of Civil Engineers - 19 March 2013, affirmative action, Alan Greenspan, banking crisis, benefit corporation, business cycle, carried interest, collateralized debt obligation, collective bargaining, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, desegregation, electricity market, Ford Model T, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, Home mortgage interest deduction, job automation, low interest rates, Mahatma Gandhi, minimum wage unemployment, money market fund, Nelson Mandela, new economy, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, race to the bottom, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, single-payer health, special drawing rights, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tim Cook: Apple, too big to fail, trickle-down economics, women in the workforce, working poor, zero-sum game

The issue has become front-page news. For the first time since the 1930s, a broad cross section of the American public is talking about the concentration of income, wealth, and political power at the top. Score a big one for the Occupiers. Regardless of whether you sympathize with the so-called Occupier movement that began spreading across America in the fall of 2011, or whether you believe it will become a growing political force in America, it has had a profound effect on the national conversation. Even more startling is the change in public opinion. Not since the 1930s has a majority of Americans called for redistribution of income or wealth.

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With hefty campaign contributions and platoons of lobbyists and public relations spinners, America’s executive class has secured lower tax rates while resisting reforms that would spread the gains from growth to more Americans. But it’s unlikely that the plutocrats can retain their political clout forever. So many people have been hit by job losses, sagging incomes, and declining home values that Americans will eventually become mobilized. The question is not whether but when. Perhaps the Occupier movement marks the beginning. Americans have summoned the political will to take back our economy before, in even bleaker times. As the historian James Truslow Adams defined the American dream when he coined the term at the depths of the Great Depression, what we seek is “a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for every man.”

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It was: What can I do about what’s happening to America—an economic game increasingly rigged in favor of those at the top and against ordinary Americans, and a government that no longer seems to work for average people but is increasingly responsive to big money? In this part of the book I want to try to answer that question. HOW TO MAKE A MOVEMENT I don’t know where the Occupier movement is heading, but I do know there’s great energy at America’s grass roots for progressive change—more energy now than I’ve seen in decades. The question is how to harness that energy and turn it into a sustainable and powerful progressive movement to take back our economy and our democracy from the regressive forces that have been gaining ground.

The Butterfly Defect: How Globalization Creates Systemic Risks, and What to Do About It by Ian Goldin, Mike Mariathasan

air freight, air traffic controllers' union, Andrei Shleifer, Asian financial crisis, asset-backed security, bank run, barriers to entry, Basel III, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, biodiversity loss, Bretton Woods, BRICs, business cycle, butterfly effect, carbon tax, clean water, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collateralized debt obligation, complexity theory, connected car, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, deglobalization, Deng Xiaoping, digital divide, discovery of penicillin, diversification, diversified portfolio, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Edward Lorenz: Chaos theory, energy security, eurozone crisis, Eyjafjallajökull, failed state, Fairchild Semiconductor, Fellow of the Royal Society, financial deregulation, financial innovation, financial intermediation, fixed income, Gini coefficient, Glass-Steagall Act, global pandemic, global supply chain, global value chain, global village, high-speed rail, income inequality, information asymmetry, Jean Tirole, John Snow's cholera map, Kenneth Rogoff, light touch regulation, Long Term Capital Management, market bubble, mass immigration, megacity, moral hazard, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, open economy, precautionary principle, profit maximization, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, RAND corporation, regulatory arbitrage, reshoring, risk free rate, Robert Solow, scientific management, Silicon Valley, six sigma, social contagion, social distancing, Stuxnet, supply-chain management, systems thinking, tail risk, TED Talk, The Great Moderation, too big to fail, Toyota Production System, trade liberalization, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, uranium enrichment, vertical integration

Dominic Wilson and Raluca Dragusanu, 2008, “The Expanding Middle: The Exploding World Middle Class and Falling Global Inequality,” Global Economic Papers 170, Goldman Sachs, New York, 17, accessed 3 February 2013, http://www.ryanallis.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/expandingmiddle.pdf. Used with permission. There may no longer be an alliance of the global working class, but there are new global challenges to globalization as articulated, for example, through Attac, Anonymous, the Indignados, or the Occupy movement.50 Instead of protesting against the terms and conditions of work, protesters are concerned by the opacity of global institutions and the negative consequences of what many see as the systemic failure of globalization to deliver jobs and a sustainable environment. By making the world more complex and risks harder to trace back to their origins, globalization has divided global society into groups that are prepared and able to embrace the corresponding benefits on the one hand and, on the other, people who are overwhelmed with the complex causalities, the often incomprehensible influences on their lives, and their inability to identify political or institutional responsibilities.

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New levels of connectivity expose global differences in living standards and opportunities and, for individuals around the world, present stark evidence of a global system that many have no desire to engage with and in which many feel they have little chance of succeeding. As the example of the Occupy movement shows, such concerns are particularly prominent among younger people, who feel increasingly disenfranchised. In many countries and cities around the world, “they have now been joined by protesters who believe that they are bearing the brunt of a crisis for which they have no responsibility, while people on high incomes appear to have been spared.”51 Part of the problem is that for many the globalized system seems to stifle social mobility and prevent talented, hardworking people from achieving the rewards they deserve.

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For example, with reference to the late twentieth century he observes, “Globally, the issue [of a conflict between capital and labour] has receded in importance as the objective conditions that gave rise to it have changed.” Milanović, 2011, 16. 50. EUI (European University Institute), 2011, “Indignados / Occupy Movement: A Global Phenomenon—A Round Table,” European University Institute, 22 November, accessed 1 June 2012, http://www.eui.eu/SeminarsAndEvents/Live.aspx. 51. OECD, 2011a, 17. 52. Ibid., 40. 53. This view, however, is not undisputed. American journalist Christian Cadwell, for instance, argues that the current generation of 15- to 30-year-olds is “tiny” and therefore unable to “make trouble.”

Affluence Without Abundance: The Disappearing World of the Bushmen by James Suzman

access to a mobile phone, agricultural Revolution, Anthropocene, back-to-the-land, clean water, discovery of the americas, equal pay for equal work, European colonialism, full employment, invention of agriculture, invisible hand, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, means of production, Occupy movement, open borders, out of africa, post-work, quantitative easing, rewilding, The Chicago School, The Future of Employment, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, trade route, trickle-down economics, unemployed young men, We are the 99%

The extent to which relative inequality still gets under our skin was well illustrated recently by the various “Occupy” movements that sprung up in global capitals after the economic upheavals that marked the end of the first decade of the new millennium and still rumble on in various diffuse forms. These movements were initially dismissed by their detractors for lacking a unified ideological platform. Interviews with “occupiers” yielded contradictory, speculative, and sometimes bewildering responses expressing a general dissatisfaction with the world and the urge to “eat the rich.” But this was because the Occupy movement defined itself by standing against many things while standing for nothing in particular.

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—a slogan that captured one thing they could all agree on: they were all angry about what they saw to be rampant material and social inequality. What was particularly striking about the Occupy movement’s focus on inequality was that few of the occupiers were particularly preoccupied with poverty in any absolute sense. Their beef was with relative poverty. In basic material terms, the countries where Occupy movements flourished are among the world’s richest. Being among the poorest in any first world country now does not bear easy comparison with being among the poorest in the same country one hundred or even fifty years ago or with being among the poorest in a “developing” economy.2 Egalitarianism is often assumed to imply an absence of private property.

What Would the Great Economists Do?: How Twelve Brilliant Minds Would Solve Today's Biggest Problems by Linda Yueh

3D printing, additive manufacturing, Asian financial crisis, augmented reality, bank run, banking crisis, basic income, Bear Stearns, Ben Bernanke: helicopter money, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, bike sharing, bitcoin, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, BRICs, business cycle, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, clean water, collective bargaining, computer age, Corn Laws, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, cryptocurrency, currency peg, dark matter, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, debt deflation, declining real wages, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, Doha Development Round, Donald Trump, endogenous growth, everywhere but in the productivity statistics, export processing zone, Fall of the Berlin Wall, fear of failure, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial innovation, Financial Instability Hypothesis, fixed income, forward guidance, full employment, general purpose technology, Gini coefficient, Glass-Steagall Act, global supply chain, Great Leap Forward, Gunnar Myrdal, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, index card, indoor plumbing, industrial robot, information asymmetry, intangible asset, invisible hand, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, laissez-faire capitalism, land reform, lateral thinking, life extension, low interest rates, low-wage service sector, manufacturing employment, market bubble, means of production, middle-income trap, mittelstand, Money creation, Mont Pelerin Society, moral hazard, mortgage debt, negative equity, Nelson Mandela, non-tariff barriers, Northern Rock, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, open economy, paradox of thrift, Paul Samuelson, price mechanism, price stability, Productivity paradox, purchasing power parity, quantitative easing, RAND corporation, rent control, rent-seeking, reserve currency, reshoring, road to serfdom, Robert Shiller, Robert Solow, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, school vouchers, secular stagnation, Shenzhen was a fishing village, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, special economic zone, Steve Jobs, technological determinism, The Chicago School, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, too big to fail, total factor productivity, trade liberalization, universal basic income, unorthodox policies, Washington Consensus, We are the 99%, women in the workforce, working-age population

Hayek opposed the use of monetary policy, which is when the cost and quantity of money in the economy is adjusted to influence growth, as well as Keynes’s fiscal activism, setting him at odds with much of the economics profession. Although Hayek found an intellectual home at the London School of Economics and Political Science, his theories are still not widely accepted in academia. With capitalism itself now under attack in the aftermath of the Great Recession by the Occupy movement and others, Hayek’s ideas have come back into fashion as the search continues for arguments to defend the market system against growing scepticism. Those ideas can help us discern whether there are any lessons to be learned from the financial crisis. Joan Robinson, another of the twentieth-century’s leading lights, is the sole woman among the Greats in this book, which reflects the chronic dearth of women in economics.

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He placed himself, with his penchant for reinvention during a varied career, among the ranks of those innovators, many of whom have changed the way that we live. Schumpeter believed that the innovator-entrepreneur had a ‘will to conquer … Our type seeks out difficulties, changes in order to change, delights in ventures.’43 8 Friedrich Hayek: What Can We Learn from Financial Crises? On 15 October 2011 members of the Occupy movement attempted to set up a protest camp in Paternoster Square, outside the London Stock Exchange. They were foiled, as the area was privately owned, so any protesters would have been trespassing and the police were able to seal off the entrance before any could enter. However, the group of around 3,000 people simply gathered instead outside nearby St Paul’s Cathedral, where an indefinite camp was established.

…

Occupy’s slogan, ‘We are the 99 per cent’, referred to the high proportion of global wealth accounted for by the top 1 per cent of the distribution. They reflected the widespread public anger in the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis. The protesters called for financial reform, a fairer distribution of income and wealth and a rejection of austerity. The Occupy movement reflected the modern version of a struggle that had been ongoing since the previous century. The twentieth century had witnessed an ideological battle between socialism and welfare state capitalism, culminating in the triumph of the latter with the fall of the Berlin Wall and the lifting of the Iron Curtain in 1989, which led to the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Never Let a Serious Crisis Go to Waste: How Neoliberalism Survived the Financial Meltdown by Philip Mirowski

"there is no alternative" (TINA), Adam Curtis, Alan Greenspan, Alvin Roth, An Inconvenient Truth, Andrei Shleifer, asset-backed security, bank run, barriers to entry, Basel III, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, Bernie Sanders, Black Swan, blue-collar work, bond market vigilante , bread and circuses, Bretton Woods, Brownian motion, business cycle, capital controls, carbon credits, Carmen Reinhart, Cass Sunstein, central bank independence, cognitive dissonance, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collateralized debt obligation, complexity theory, constrained optimization, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, crony capitalism, dark matter, David Brooks, David Graeber, debt deflation, deindustrialization, democratizing finance, disinformation, do-ocracy, Edward Glaeser, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, experimental economics, facts on the ground, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial innovation, Flash crash, full employment, George Akerlof, Glass-Steagall Act, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, Greenspan put, Hernando de Soto, housing crisis, Hyman Minsky, illegal immigration, income inequality, incomplete markets, information asymmetry, invisible hand, Jean Tirole, joint-stock company, junk bonds, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Rogoff, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, l'esprit de l'escalier, labor-force participation, liberal capitalism, liquidity trap, loose coupling, manufacturing employment, market clearing, market design, market fundamentalism, Martin Wolf, money market fund, Mont Pelerin Society, moral hazard, mortgage debt, Naomi Klein, Nash equilibrium, night-watchman state, Northern Rock, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, oil shock, Pareto efficiency, Paul Samuelson, payday loans, Philip Mirowski, Phillips curve, Ponzi scheme, Post-Keynesian economics, precariat, prediction markets, price mechanism, profit motive, public intellectual, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, random walk, rent-seeking, Richard Thaler, road to serfdom, Robert Shiller, Robert Solow, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, savings glut, school choice, sealed-bid auction, search costs, Silicon Valley, South Sea Bubble, Steven Levy, subprime mortgage crisis, tail risk, technoutopianism, The Chicago School, The Great Moderation, the map is not the territory, The Myth of the Rational Market, the scientific method, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, The Wisdom of Crowds, theory of mind, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Thorstein Veblen, Tobin tax, tontine, too big to fail, transaction costs, Tyler Cowen, vertical integration, Vilfredo Pareto, War on Poverty, Washington Consensus, We are the 99%, working poor

Orthodox economists propound a neoclassical orthodoxy awash in waves of willingly submissive students, are paid salaries frequently second only to the research MDs at their universities, and allowed to preach the self-congratulatory proposition that they remain in firm possession of a self-confident science. Under the influence of the brief uprising known as the Occupy movement in 2011, when a group of students noisily walked out of Gregory Mankiw’s introductory economics lecture at Harvard, it was treated as some passing undergrad hijinks by the press: Who were they kidding? Economists have been treated with relative impunity even on The Colbert Report. They are continually importuned to prophesy: Is the crisis over yet?

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Not only does the left lack a clear agenda for their own political objectives, but they have repeatedly mistaken or misunderstood the nature of the neoliberal political project, and consequently found themselves co-opted into it, or worse. This book preaches a simple message: Know Your Enemy before you start daydreaming of a better world. In this one particular respect, Carl Schmitt was right. The Privatization of Protest and the Occupy Movement The current problem of left political movements, whatever that benighted term might encompass nowadays, is that they have fallen into the trap where discussions of the crisis end up being hopelessly backward-looking: perhaps preaching “restoration” of proper “regulation,” reenergizing mid-twentieth-century configurations of state power, or returning to a more “fair and equal” income distribution, or redeeming and making debtors whole through debt forgiveness, refurbishing an economy less beholden to and less composed of financialized corporate entities, resembling that which reigned during the immediate postwar period.

…

To take but one telling example, if the hundreds of lobbyists and millions of dollars of campaign contributions were not sufficient to neuter all attempts at financial reform in the United States, such as the so-called Volcker Rule, then the banksters were not subtle in summoning their second line of defense, insisting that any such rule would violate NAFTA and other international “free trade agreements” instituted under prior transnational neoliberal regimes.4 Although it seems impolite to mention it, the collapse of the “Occupy” movement over 2011–12 was largely due to the long-discredited notion that political action could be sustained and effective in the absence of any sort of theoretical guidance and hierarchical organization of short- to longer-term goals. The Tea Party had Ayn Rand; the closest thing to an Occupy inspiration seemed to be John Stewart.

The Misfit Economy: Lessons in Creativity From Pirates, Hackers, Gangsters and Other Informal Entrepreneurs by Alexa Clay, Kyra Maya Phillips

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Aaron Swartz, Airbnb, Alfred Russel Wallace, Apollo 11, Berlin Wall, Burning Man, collaborative consumption, conceptual framework, cotton gin, creative destruction, different worldview, digital rights, disruptive innovation, double helix, fear of failure, Gabriella Coleman, game design, Hacker Ethic, Howard Rheingold, informal economy, intentional community, invention of the steam engine, James Watt: steam engine, Joseph Schumpeter, Kickstarter, lone genius, Mark Zuckerberg, mass incarceration, megacity, Neil Armstrong, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, peer-to-peer rental, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, subscription business, supply-chain management, union organizing, Whole Earth Catalog, Whole Earth Review, work culture , Zipcar

Hackers are constantly showing off their skills and commitment, posting their victories online for others to see. An Occupy Wall Street protestor may be just as interested in branding himself as an agitator and seeking out recognition from the community of protestors as he is in societal transformation. In fact, even within the Occupy movement, there was a certain status hierarchy at play. Those who had been with the movement since the beginning were known as “Day 1 occupiers.” Protestors earned kudos from their peers based on how long they had been associated with the movement, whether they had slept in the park, and whether they had been arrested.

…

Popular exposure to festivals like Burning Man, movements like Occupy, hacker collectives, and co-working spaces built around egalitarian principles mean that workplace expectations are changing. At the sight of command and control systems, misfits bolt. One of the interesting side effects from the Occupy movement observed by journalist Nathan Schneider: “When people from Occupy went back to work they realized how their workplaces were run on so little democracy. Occupy gave people a glimpse into a different way of being part of an organization—one where participation and self-determination were everything.”

…

To Laura Gamse, our talented filmmaker, who traveled with us to India and China and whose father diligently emailed us misfit material throughout the journey. To the community of staff and fellows at Ashoka with whom we connected around the world. And to members of the One/Thousand network, who supported us throughout this entire journey. Thanks to Nathan Schneider for sharing his reflections on the Occupy movement and to Peter Leeson and Marcus Rediker, who spoke to us about the history of pirates. Thank you to David Kyuman Kim and Ken Knisely, early philosophical influences. Thanks to Marvin Gaye Chetwynd for opening our eyes to the world of performance art, to Will Bueche for his guidance and feedback on Dr.

The Democracy Project: A History, a Crisis, a Movement by David Graeber

Bretton Woods, British Empire, company town, corporate personhood, David Graeber, deindustrialization, dumpster diving, East Village, feminist movement, financial innovation, George Gilder, John Markoff, Kim Stanley Robinson, land bank, Lao Tzu, late fees, Money creation, Murray Bookchin, Occupy movement, Paul Volcker talking about ATMs, payday loans, planetary scale, plutocrats, radical decentralization, Ralph Nader, reserve currency, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, seigniorage, too big to fail, trickle-down economics, unpaid internship, We are the 99%, working poor

The manager of one website that specializes in matching sugar daddies with those seeking help with student loans or school fees estimates he already has 280,000 college students registered. And very few of these are aspiring professors. Most aspire to little more than a modest career in health, education, or social services.§ It was stories like that I had in the back of my mind when I wrote a piece for The Guardian about why the Occupy movement had spread so quickly. The piece was meant to be part descriptive, part predictive: We are watching the beginnings of the defiant self-assertion of a new generation of Americans, a generation who are looking forward to finishing their education with no jobs, no future, but still saddled with enormous and unforgiveable debt.

…

Instead they are using it to envision ways to bring the whole system down.4 The movement has diversified far beyond students and recent graduates, but I think for many in the movement the concern with debt and a stolen future remains a core motivation for their involvement. It’s telling to contrast the Occupy movement in this way with the Tea Party, with which it is so often compared. Demographically, the Tea Party is at its core a movement of the middle-aged and well-established. According to one poll in 2010, 78 percent of the Tea Partiers were over the age of thirty-five, and about half of those, over fifty-five.5 This helps explain why Tea Partiers and occupiers generally take a diametrically opposite view of debt.

…

Yet somehow the news story on Occupy was not that activists had managed to create an environment in the middle of the most dangerous American cities where the rate of assault against women had clearly precipitously declined, but a scandal that they had not eliminated such incidents altogether. What’s more, as she goes on to report of Oakland, California: Now here’s something astonishing. While the camp was in existence, crime went down 19% in Oakland, a statistic the city was careful to conceal. “It may be counter to our statement that the Occupy movement is negatively impacting crime in Oakland,” the police chief wrote to the mayor in an email that local news station KTVU later obtained and released to little fanfare. Pay attention: Occupy was so powerful a force for nonviolence that it was already solving Oakland’s chronic crime and violence problems just by giving people hope and meals and solidarity and conversation.19 Needless to say, no newspaper headlines loudly proclaiming “Violent Crime Drops Sharply During Occupation” ever appeared, and police continued to insist, despite the evidence of their own statistics, that exactly the opposite was the case.

Speaking Code: Coding as Aesthetic and Political Expression by Geoff Cox, Alex McLean

4chan, Amazon Mechanical Turk, augmented reality, bash_history, bitcoin, Charles Babbage, cloud computing, commons-based peer production, computer age, computer vision, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, crowdsourcing, dematerialisation, Donald Knuth, Douglas Hofstadter, en.wikipedia.org, Everything should be made as simple as possible, finite state, Free Software Foundation, Gabriella Coleman, Gödel, Escher, Bach, Hacker Conference 1984, Ian Bogost, Jacques de Vaucanson, language acquisition, Larry Wall, late capitalism, means of production, natural language processing, Neal Stephenson, new economy, Norbert Wiener, Occupy movement, packet switching, peer-to-peer, power law, Richard Stallman, Ronald Coase, Slavoj Žižek, social software, social web, software studies, speech recognition, SQL injection, stem cell, Stewart Brand, systems thinking, The Nature of the Firm, Turing machine, Turing test, Vilfredo Pareto, We are Anonymous. We are Legion, We are the 99%, WikiLeaks, Yochai Benkler

We are Legion.”8 Most recently (since 17 September 2011), the Occupy Wall 70 Chapter 3 Street movement, with its rapid spread to other parts of the world, also seems apposite in its reappropriation of common space in places where financial power is centered (squatting its symbolic sites, to express indignation about the handling of the financial crisis since 2008).9 Adopting the “#Occupy” hashtag,10 the wider Occupy movement is described in terms that embody publicness in a wayward culture of financial calculation and social inequality: “We are the 99%.”11 Perhaps it can be claimed that the concept of publicness has itself been occupied in these recent events. Both examples serve to underscore Arendt’s view that the political realm necessarily arises out of acting together, as a plurality of unique individuals, in “the sharing of words and deeds.”12 It is collective activity that relies on the infinite capacity to speak freely and act in public, and this is what constitutes publicness in her terms.

…

The understanding of action is rather different from in Aristotle’s time, when to act outside of the commons was considered “idiotic” (derived from the term idion, indicating life spent in the privacy of one’s own).13 The public realm, a realm of equals, was distinguished from the inequality of the private household (although those not considered equal, such as women and slaves, were not able to enter public life). Notwithstanding the clear inequalities of the public sphere today, the fundamental contradiction is revealed in the idea of public interaction from the privacy of an online platform or home computer as an attack on networked intelligence. F.A.T.’s parody of the Occupy movement, Occupy the Internet! (2011), resonates with this problem, suggesting revolution from the comfort of your home computer.14 By pasting the following JavaScript into an HTML file, an “animated GIF army” appears on the webpage: <script src="http://occupyinter.net/embed.js"></script> It may be possible to “force-occupy” the global investment banking and securities firm website Goldmansachs.com in this way, and even contribute animations and “pithy words,” though this is surely not significant in terms of political effect.15 Yet even with the apparent triviality of this project, other possibilities are registered that might encourage wider interpretations of what constitutes public action, and prompt the writing of alternative scripts.

…

For instance, the social web mediates social relations in this manner, offering the freedom to communicate but through the exception that relates to both state and market principles, in parallel to what has already been said about the conditional aspects of freedom of expression more generally. Facebook regularly shares information with government agencies and purges activist’s accounts, such as those of campaigners trying to organize antiausterity protests in 2011, including the UK Uncut and Occupy movements.89 A closer look at the terms of service of these platforms confirms ways that ownership is carefully managed, parodied by a consumer advocacy blog with the suggestion for new terms: “We can do anything we want with your content. Forever.”90 Users are happily granted access to the means of production but not ownership.

Dirty Secrets How Tax Havens Destroy the Economy by Richard Murphy

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", banking crisis, barriers to entry, Bernie Sanders, centre right, corporate governance, Donald Trump, Double Irish / Dutch Sandwich, en.wikipedia.org, Glass-Steagall Act, Global Witness, high net worth, income inequality, intangible asset, Leo Hollis, light touch regulation, moral hazard, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, race to the bottom, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, Suez canal 1869, Suez crisis 1956, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, transfer pricing, Washington Consensus

As a result, the layering of tier upon tier of secrecy in the way I have described has become ever more commonplace in the tax haven (or secrecy jurisdiction) world, which is precisely what the Panama Papers revealed: the vast majority of those introducing work to Mossack Fonseca (the firm whose files were leaked) were themselves located in other tax havens or secrecy jurisdictions. The focus on secrecy changed the official, if not the political, attitude to tax havens. After 2012, tackling secrecy became the key issue, and pure tax initiatives such as the TIEA scheme faded. Other events also influenced this change. In particular, from 2010 onwards, the Occupy movement in the United States and the UK Uncut movement in Britain attracted attention, using remarkably limited resources, to the role of multinational corporations in international tax abuse. This phenomenon was particularly notable in the UK, where the campaign used data produced by the Tax Justice Network, the UK’s Trade Union Congress, the Public and Commercial Services Union, and Private Eye magazine.22 What these public protests did was make clear that concern about the use of tax havens was not limited to tax evaders, or to banking, but also embraced their use by large multinational corporations.

…

See also trusts France 18, 24–5 free markets market conditions 29–30 tax havens effect on 30–2 and trust 37 free riders 11, 12, 164 Friedman, Milton 41, 42 FTSE 100 companies 25–6 G8 summit, 2013 26, 46–7 G20 summit, London, April 2009 9–10, 19–20 gambling 3, 77–8 GDP 172 General Electric 74, 76 Germany 68, 69, 97–8 Gibraltar 77–8 Glass–Steagall Act (US) 45 global financial architecture 10–11 global financial crisis, 2008 9, 74–5, 90, 125 Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information (OECD) 19–20 globalisation 71–2, 84, 137–8, 161 Google 26, 46, 57, 78 governance 36 government post–tax haven 166–9 role of 42–3 greed 84 Green, Lady Christina 141 Greenland 18 growth 3 Guernsey 14–15, 53, 77, 90, 93–4 harmful tax competition 11–14 Harrington, Brooke 5, 90–1 headline tax rates 75–6 Henry, James 40, 109–11 Heritage Foundation 20–1 Hidden Wealth of Nations, The (Zucman) 112–14, 113 history and development 5, 54–6, 84–5 holding structures 34–8 Hong Kong 77, 100 hot money 74–6, 172 House of Commons Public Accounts Committee (UK) 26, 73, 78 House of Commons Treasury Select Committee (UK) 22 HSBC 60, 103 human rights 144 Iceland 46 India 18 inequality 2, 177 information exchange 12, 15, 17, 32–3, 125–6, 152, 157, 175, 177 inheritance and inheritance tax 3, 64–5 Institute of Economic Affairs 41–2 intent 56 International Consortium of Investigative Journalists 101 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 2, 4, 44, 114, 115, 116–17 investment markets 165–6 Ireland 56, 57, 71, 75 Isle of Man 15, 53, 102, 175–6 Israel 158 Japan 68, 97 Jersey 14–15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 53–4, 54, 57, 58–9, 62–3, 69, 71, 83, 86–7, 92, 93–4, 102, 126, 134, 135, 170, 173 Jersey Finance 86 Juncker, Jean-Claude 16 Keen, Michael 114 knock-on effects 116–17 KPMG 25–6, 73, 75, 87, 152 Labour Party (UK) 46 land-value taxation 177 lawyers 89, 154–5 Le Pen, Marine 45 Levin, Carl 22 Liberia 87 Liberian shipping register 77 limited companies 35, 38, 39–40 limited liability 145 abuse of 36–40 literature 21 locations 8, 68–9, 78, 87–8 London 171 Anti-Corruption Summit, 2016 7, 11, 28, 48, 87 G20 summit, April 2009 9–10, 19–20 Lord Mayor of London 52 Luxembourg 15–16, 57, 94, 97, 124, 134, 135 Macau 101 McLaughlin, Alden 86 macro-economic control 167 Malta 56–7, 77, 93–4 Maples and Calder 89 market efficiency 30–1, 118, 120, 165–6 markets 162–3 conditions 29–30 success criteria 3 supremacy 84 tax havens effect on 30–2 trends 137 and trust 37 Marshall Islands 77 Marshall Plan 51–2 Mauritius 57 Meacher, Michael 145 Meluah, Katy 66 Microsoft 74 Mitchell, Dan 40–1 mixed economies 2–3, 162, 164–5 Monaco 8 money laundering 60 money transfers 58–9 Monte Carlo casino 8 Montserrat 87 Mooij, Ruud De 114 Mossack Fonseca 25, 66, 89, 101–2 motivations 60 Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters (MCMAA) 158 multinational corporations 147, 150 Mutual Assistance Agreement (OECD) 49 neoliberalism 43–4, 84, 161 Netherlands, the 45, 57, 156, 171 New Jersey 55 New York 171 New Zealand 171 Niue 94 non-dom rule (UK) 54–5 non-residents, tax benefits 13 non-trading companies 143 Obama, Barack 17, 89, 125 Occupy movement 25 offshore 8 definition 21, 51 emergence 51–4 offshore bank accounts 59 offshore companies 79–81 numbers 7, 101–2 offshore economy, size 105–15, 113 O’Neil, Paul 13 onshore companies 81 onshore trusts 81–2 opacity 3, 27, 28, 31, 48 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 2, 4, 47, 71, 95, 114 Base Erosion and Profits Shifting programme 73, 126–7, 146–7, 148 blacklisting scheme 17–18, 157–8 country-by-country reporting 129, 129–32, 133, 134–8 Double Tax Agreements 18 Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information 19–20, 157 Mutual Assistance Agreement 49 report on Harmful Tax Competition 9, 11–13, 14 revenue loss estimates 107–8 tax haven initiatives 17–21, 23, 24, 26, 27–8, 48, 123–4, 125–6, 126–8, 157–8 Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEAs) 18–19, 20 unitary taxation formula 149 Osborne, George 60 ownership disclosure 140–2 Oxfam 111–12 ‘Tax Havens: Releasing the Hidden Billions for Poverty Eradication’ 105–6, 107 Oxford Centre for Business Taxation 108 Pak, Simon 108 Palan, Ronen 5, 10, 21, 23, 51–2, 59 Panama 77, 93–4, 99 Panama Papers 5, 7, 8, 25, 28, 35, 46, 66, 89, 101, 102, 162 Parmalat 39 patent box schemes 76 peer reviews 20 penalty regimes 154–5 Pfizer 74 Picciotto, Sol 21, 106 political stability, threat to 2 political stereotype 8 political will 155–9, 175–6 politicians and politics, role of 84–6 practices 12–13 Price of Offshore, The (Tax Justice Network) 107 ‘Price of Offshore Revisited, The’ (Tax Justice Network) 109–11 PricewaterhouseCoopers 25–6, 73, 87, 152 privacy 32–5, 66–7, 144, 162 Private Eye (magazine) 25 products 79–84 profit determination 13 profit shifting 70–1, 148 property 3, 59–60 prices 174 rights 179 prosecutions 103 Public and Commercial Services Union 25 public and private partnerships 165 public opinion 103, 145, 175 purposes 1 Reagan, Ronald 44 reforms 4, 145–51, 176–8 regulation 3, 29 revenue loss 2, 105–15, 113 implications 115–21 scale 40 risk 10, 36–7, 38, 135–7, 164 rule of law 3, 161, 178–9 sales patterns 136–7 Sanders, Bernie 45, 117 San Marino–Andorra TIEA 18 Savings Tax Directive (EU) 9, 15–17, 48, 94 secrecy 10, 12, 49, 58, 70–1, 161 assessment 93–103 banking 24, 55–6 becomes key issue 25, 27 British challenge to 46–8 collective denial of 28 comparison with privacy 32–5 definition 34 effects on free markets 30–2 financial costs 40 implications 117–21, 138 importance of 22, 23 and risk 36–7, 38 secrecy jurisdictions 29, 44, 87, 178–9 definition 22–3, 57 layering 23–5 pernicious role 23 post–tax haven 171 secrecy laws 36–7 secrecy space 23–4 separateness, supposed 10–11 service industry 84–93 Sharman, Jason 142 Shaxson, Nicholas 5, 52 shipping registrations 77 side letters 82 Sikka, Prem 21, 87 silence, conspiracy of 43 Singapore 77, 100 Smith, Adam 38–9 social impacts, post–tax haven 176–80 social media 65 Society of Trusts and Estate Practitioners 83, 91–2 South Africa 94 Spain 18 special purpose vehicles 80–1 specific jurisdictions 23 Starbucks 26, 46, 163 STAR trust legislation, Cayman Islands 83, 91–2 states, sovereign rights 151 status 10 Suez Crisis, 1956 51–2 Sweden 32, 156 Switzerland 55–6, 57, 68, 100, 112 tax abuse 2 tax administrations 156–7 tax advisers 63 tax avoidance 41–2, 69, 120 definition 61–2 developing countries 28 personal liability 154–5 schemes 62–7, 76 United Kingdom 26 tax benefits, non-residents 13 tax competition 11–14, 43–9, 74–6, 85, 92, 93, 123, 167, 179 tax compliance 61, 63, 119–20, 144–5, 167 tax evasion 61–2, 103, 109, 113 tax gaps 2, 113, 155–6 tax haven companies 67 tax haven investments 59 tax havens activities 58–60 definition 54, 123 ‘Tax Havens: Releasing the Hidden Billions for Poverty Eradication’ (Oxfam) 105–6, 107 tax incentives 13 Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEAs) (OECD) 18–19, 20 tax justice activists 7 Tax Justice Network 21–2, 25, 40, 92, 105, 106, 142, 158, 171 Financial Secrecy Index 22–4, 57, 87, 93–6, 96–103, 184–9, 191–2, 193–7 The Price of Offshore 107 ‘The Price of Offshore Revisited’ 109–11 tax law 3, 154–5 tax-neutral regimes 86 tax obligations 34, 41 tax rates corporate 71, 75, 94 headline 75–6 reform 176–8 tax reform 176–7 tax risk 135–7 tax transparency 19 tax war 179 tax withholding, European Union 16 terrorist financing 14 Thatcher, Margaret 44 threat 1–2, 4, 7, 9 Tonga 94 Trade Union Congress 25, 25–6 transfer pricing 71–4 transparency 12, 13, 39, 48, 127, 161–2, 163, 166 Trump, Donald 45, 46, 117 trust 37, 119, 164–5 trust laws 83 trusts 35, 81–4, 139–40, 176 Turkey 158 Turks and Caicos Islands 93, 96 Uncut movement 25 unitary taxation 147–9 United Kingdom 24–5, 68 100 largest companies 69 Barclays data 134, 135 Brexit vote 117 challenge to tax haven secrecy 46–8 companies documentation 38 company growth 102 corporate tax 75 Crown Dependencies 14–15, 48, 53, 96, 124 Department for International Development 108–9 disclosure regime 153 domicile rule 54 draft legislation, 2013 145 hot money 75 House of Commons Public Accounts Committee 26, 73, 78 House of Commons Treasury Select Committee 22 Labour Party 46 non-trading companies 143 Overseas Territories 15, 48, 56, 96 penalty regime 154–5 prosecutions 103 revenue loss 115, 120 secrecy score 96–7, 193, 196 tax administration 157 tax avoidance 26 tax gap 113, 156 tax haven activity cost 113 tax havens 14–15, 16, 48, 53–4, 54, 56, 84, 86–7, 96, 170, 171 Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEAs) 19 tax resident people 55 Uncut movement 25 and unitary taxation 149 United States of America 9, 24–5, 60, 68, 69 corporate tax rates 71 corporate tax system 74 corporation tax 40 disclosure regimes 142, 167 failure 13 Federal Trade Commission 29–30 Foreign Accounts Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) 17, 99, 126, 158 Glass–Steagall Act 45 headline tax rates 75–6 hot money 74–5 hypocrisy 158 Internal Revenue Service 156 Occupy movement 25 secrecy score 97, 98–9, 193, 196 tax gap estimates 156 tax havens 8, 17, 55, 142, 171 Vanuatu 87 Verizon 76 virtual world, the 21–2 VISTA trust 24 Vodafone 26 voter participation, decline in 3 Washington Consensus, the 43–5, 46 Watson, Emma 66 wealth concentration of ownership 3, 111, 117, 161, 167–9, 176 under-taxation of 178 wealth-management professionals 84, 90–2, 155 wealth taxes 177 World Bank 2, 44, 108–9, 109 Zucman, Gabriel 40, 102 The Hidden Wealth of Nations 112–14, 113

…

See also trusts France 18, 24–5 free markets market conditions 29–30 tax havens effect on 30–2 and trust 37 free riders 11, 12, 164 Friedman, Milton 41, 42 FTSE 100 companies 25–6 G8 summit, 2013 26, 46–7 G20 summit, London, April 2009 9–10, 19–20 gambling 3, 77–8 GDP 172 General Electric 74, 76 Germany 68, 69, 97–8 Gibraltar 77–8 Glass–Steagall Act (US) 45 global financial architecture 10–11 global financial crisis, 2008 9, 74–5, 90, 125 Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information (OECD) 19–20 globalisation 71–2, 84, 137–8, 161 Google 26, 46, 57, 78 governance 36 government post–tax haven 166–9 role of 42–3 greed 84 Green, Lady Christina 141 Greenland 18 growth 3 Guernsey 14–15, 53, 77, 90, 93–4 harmful tax competition 11–14 Harrington, Brooke 5, 90–1 headline tax rates 75–6 Henry, James 40, 109–11 Heritage Foundation 20–1 Hidden Wealth of Nations, The (Zucman) 112–14, 113 history and development 5, 54–6, 84–5 holding structures 34–8 Hong Kong 77, 100 hot money 74–6, 172 House of Commons Public Accounts Committee (UK) 26, 73, 78 House of Commons Treasury Select Committee (UK) 22 HSBC 60, 103 human rights 144 Iceland 46 India 18 inequality 2, 177 information exchange 12, 15, 17, 32–3, 125–6, 152, 157, 175, 177 inheritance and inheritance tax 3, 64–5 Institute of Economic Affairs 41–2 intent 56 International Consortium of Investigative Journalists 101 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 2, 4, 44, 114, 115, 116–17 investment markets 165–6 Ireland 56, 57, 71, 75 Isle of Man 15, 53, 102, 175–6 Israel 158 Japan 68, 97 Jersey 14–15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 53–4, 54, 57, 58–9, 62–3, 69, 71, 83, 86–7, 92, 93–4, 102, 126, 134, 135, 170, 173 Jersey Finance 86 Juncker, Jean-Claude 16 Keen, Michael 114 knock-on effects 116–17 KPMG 25–6, 73, 75, 87, 152 Labour Party (UK) 46 land-value taxation 177 lawyers 89, 154–5 Le Pen, Marine 45 Levin, Carl 22 Liberia 87 Liberian shipping register 77 limited companies 35, 38, 39–40 limited liability 145 abuse of 36–40 literature 21 locations 8, 68–9, 78, 87–8 London 171 Anti-Corruption Summit, 2016 7, 11, 28, 48, 87 G20 summit, April 2009 9–10, 19–20 Lord Mayor of London 52 Luxembourg 15–16, 57, 94, 97, 124, 134, 135 Macau 101 McLaughlin, Alden 86 macro-economic control 167 Malta 56–7, 77, 93–4 Maples and Calder 89 market efficiency 30–1, 118, 120, 165–6 markets 162–3 conditions 29–30 success criteria 3 supremacy 84 tax havens effect on 30–2 trends 137 and trust 37 Marshall Islands 77 Marshall Plan 51–2 Mauritius 57 Meacher, Michael 145 Meluah, Katy 66 Microsoft 74 Mitchell, Dan 40–1 mixed economies 2–3, 162, 164–5 Monaco 8 money laundering 60 money transfers 58–9 Monte Carlo casino 8 Montserrat 87 Mooij, Ruud De 114 Mossack Fonseca 25, 66, 89, 101–2 motivations 60 Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters (MCMAA) 158 multinational corporations 147, 150 Mutual Assistance Agreement (OECD) 49 neoliberalism 43–4, 84, 161 Netherlands, the 45, 57, 156, 171 New Jersey 55 New York 171 New Zealand 171 Niue 94 non-dom rule (UK) 54–5 non-residents, tax benefits 13 non-trading companies 143 Obama, Barack 17, 89, 125 Occupy movement 25 offshore 8 definition 21, 51 emergence 51–4 offshore bank accounts 59 offshore companies 79–81 numbers 7, 101–2 offshore economy, size 105–15, 113 O’Neil, Paul 13 onshore companies 81 onshore trusts 81–2 opacity 3, 27, 28, 31, 48 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 2, 4, 47, 71, 95, 114 Base Erosion and Profits Shifting programme 73, 126–7, 146–7, 148 blacklisting scheme 17–18, 157–8 country-by-country reporting 129, 129–32, 133, 134–8 Double Tax Agreements 18 Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information 19–20, 157 Mutual Assistance Agreement 49 report on Harmful Tax Competition 9, 11–13, 14 revenue loss estimates 107–8 tax haven initiatives 17–21, 23, 24, 26, 27–8, 48, 123–4, 125–6, 126–8, 157–8 Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEAs) 18–19, 20 unitary taxation formula 149 Osborne, George 60 ownership disclosure 140–2 Oxfam 111–12 ‘Tax Havens: Releasing the Hidden Billions for Poverty Eradication’ 105–6, 107 Oxford Centre for Business Taxation 108 Pak, Simon 108 Palan, Ronen 5, 10, 21, 23, 51–2, 59 Panama 77, 93–4, 99 Panama Papers 5, 7, 8, 25, 28, 35, 46, 66, 89, 101, 102, 162 Parmalat 39 patent box schemes 76 peer reviews 20 penalty regimes 154–5 Pfizer 74 Picciotto, Sol 21, 106 political stability, threat to 2 political stereotype 8 political will 155–9, 175–6 politicians and politics, role of 84–6 practices 12–13 Price of Offshore, The (Tax Justice Network) 107 ‘Price of Offshore Revisited, The’ (Tax Justice Network) 109–11 PricewaterhouseCoopers 25–6, 73, 87, 152 privacy 32–5, 66–7, 144, 162 Private Eye (magazine) 25 products 79–84 profit determination 13 profit shifting 70–1, 148 property 3, 59–60 prices 174 rights 179 prosecutions 103 Public and Commercial Services Union 25 public and private partnerships 165 public opinion 103, 145, 175 purposes 1 Reagan, Ronald 44 reforms 4, 145–51, 176–8 regulation 3, 29 revenue loss 2, 105–15, 113 implications 115–21 scale 40 risk 10, 36–7, 38, 135–7, 164 rule of law 3, 161, 178–9 sales patterns 136–7 Sanders, Bernie 45, 117 San Marino–Andorra TIEA 18 Savings Tax Directive (EU) 9, 15–17, 48, 94 secrecy 10, 12, 49, 58, 70–1, 161 assessment 93–103 banking 24, 55–6 becomes key issue 25, 27 British challenge to 46–8 collective denial of 28 comparison with privacy 32–5 definition 34 effects on free markets 30–2 financial costs 40 implications 117–21, 138 importance of 22, 23 and risk 36–7, 38 secrecy jurisdictions 29, 44, 87, 178–9 definition 22–3, 57 layering 23–5 pernicious role 23 post–tax haven 171 secrecy laws 36–7 secrecy space 23–4 separateness, supposed 10–11 service industry 84–93 Sharman, Jason 142 Shaxson, Nicholas 5, 52 shipping registrations 77 side letters 82 Sikka, Prem 21, 87 silence, conspiracy of 43 Singapore 77, 100 Smith, Adam 38–9 social impacts, post–tax haven 176–80 social media 65 Society of Trusts and Estate Practitioners 83, 91–2 South Africa 94 Spain 18 special purpose vehicles 80–1 specific jurisdictions 23 Starbucks 26, 46, 163 STAR trust legislation, Cayman Islands 83, 91–2 states, sovereign rights 151 status 10 Suez Crisis, 1956 51–2 Sweden 32, 156 Switzerland 55–6, 57, 68, 100, 112 tax abuse 2 tax administrations 156–7 tax advisers 63 tax avoidance 41–2, 69, 120 definition 61–2 developing countries 28 personal liability 154–5 schemes 62–7, 76 United Kingdom 26 tax benefits, non-residents 13 tax competition 11–14, 43–9, 74–6, 85, 92, 93, 123, 167, 179 tax compliance 61, 63, 119–20, 144–5, 167 tax evasion 61–2, 103, 109, 113 tax gaps 2, 113, 155–6 tax haven companies 67 tax haven investments 59 tax havens activities 58–60 definition 54, 123 ‘Tax Havens: Releasing the Hidden Billions for Poverty Eradication’ (Oxfam) 105–6, 107 tax incentives 13 Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEAs) (OECD) 18–19, 20 tax justice activists 7 Tax Justice Network 21–2, 25, 40, 92, 105, 106, 142, 158, 171 Financial Secrecy Index 22–4, 57, 87, 93–6, 96–103, 184–9, 191–2, 193–7 The Price of Offshore 107 ‘The Price of Offshore Revisited’ 109–11 tax law 3, 154–5 tax-neutral regimes 86 tax obligations 34, 41 tax rates corporate 71, 75, 94 headline 75–6 reform 176–8 tax reform 176–7 tax risk 135–7 tax transparency 19 tax war 179 tax withholding, European Union 16 terrorist financing 14 Thatcher, Margaret 44 threat 1–2, 4, 7, 9 Tonga 94 Trade Union Congress 25, 25–6 transfer pricing 71–4 transparency 12, 13, 39, 48, 127, 161–2, 163, 166 Trump, Donald 45, 46, 117 trust 37, 119, 164–5 trust laws 83 trusts 35, 81–4, 139–40, 176 Turkey 158 Turks and Caicos Islands 93, 96 Uncut movement 25 unitary taxation 147–9 United Kingdom 24–5, 68 100 largest companies 69 Barclays data 134, 135 Brexit vote 117 challenge to tax haven secrecy 46–8 companies documentation 38 company growth 102 corporate tax 75 Crown Dependencies 14–15, 48, 53, 96, 124 Department for International Development 108–9 disclosure regime 153 domicile rule 54 draft legislation, 2013 145 hot money 75 House of Commons Public Accounts Committee 26, 73, 78 House of Commons Treasury Select Committee 22 Labour Party 46 non-trading companies 143 Overseas Territories 15, 48, 56, 96 penalty regime 154–5 prosecutions 103 revenue loss 115, 120 secrecy score 96–7, 193, 196 tax administration 157 tax avoidance 26 tax gap 113, 156 tax haven activity cost 113 tax havens 14–15, 16, 48, 53–4, 54, 56, 84, 86–7, 96, 170, 171 Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEAs) 19 tax resident people 55 Uncut movement 25 and unitary taxation 149 United States of America 9, 24–5, 60, 68, 69 corporate tax rates 71 corporate tax system 74 corporation tax 40 disclosure regimes 142, 167 failure 13 Federal Trade Commission 29–30 Foreign Accounts Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) 17, 99, 126, 158 Glass–Steagall Act 45 headline tax rates 75–6 hot money 74–5 hypocrisy 158 Internal Revenue Service 156 Occupy movement 25 secrecy score 97, 98–9, 193, 196 tax gap estimates 156 tax havens 8, 17, 55, 142, 171 Vanuatu 87 Verizon 76 virtual world, the 21–2 VISTA trust 24 Vodafone 26 voter participation, decline in 3 Washington Consensus, the 43–5, 46 Watson, Emma 66 wealth concentration of ownership 3, 111, 117, 161, 167–9, 176 under-taxation of 178 wealth-management professionals 84, 90–2, 155 wealth taxes 177 World Bank 2, 44, 108–9, 109 Zucman, Gabriel 40, 102 The Hidden Wealth of Nations 112–14, 113

The Corruption of Capitalism: Why Rentiers Thrive and Work Does Not Pay by Guy Standing

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, Amazon Mechanical Turk, anti-fragile, Asian financial crisis, asset-backed security, bank run, banking crisis, basic income, Ben Bernanke: helicopter money, Bernie Sanders, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Big Tech, bilateral investment treaty, Bonfire of the Vanities, Boris Johnson, Bretton Woods, business cycle, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carried interest, cashless society, central bank independence, centre right, Clayton Christensen, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collective bargaining, commons-based peer production, credit crunch, crony capitalism, cross-border payments, crowdsourcing, debt deflation, declining real wages, deindustrialization, disruptive innovation, Doha Development Round, Donald Trump, Double Irish / Dutch Sandwich, ending welfare as we know it, eurozone crisis, Evgeny Morozov, falling living standards, financial deregulation, financial innovation, Firefox, first-past-the-post, future of work, Garrett Hardin, gentrification, gig economy, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, Greenspan put, Growth in a Time of Debt, housing crisis, income inequality, independent contractor, information retrieval, intangible asset, invention of the steam engine, investor state dispute settlement, it's over 9,000, James Watt: steam engine, Jeremy Corbyn, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, labour market flexibility, light touch regulation, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, lump of labour, Lyft, manufacturing employment, Mark Zuckerberg, market clearing, Martin Wolf, means of production, megaproject, mini-job, Money creation, Mont Pelerin Society, moral hazard, mortgage debt, mortgage tax deduction, Neil Kinnock, non-tariff barriers, North Sea oil, Northern Rock, nudge unit, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, open economy, openstreetmap, patent troll, payday loans, peer-to-peer lending, Phillips curve, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, precariat, quantitative easing, remote working, rent control, rent-seeking, ride hailing / ride sharing, Right to Buy, Robert Gordon, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, Sam Altman, savings glut, Second Machine Age, secular stagnation, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Simon Kuznets, SoftBank, sovereign wealth fund, Stephen Hawking, Steve Ballmer, structural adjustment programs, TaskRabbit, The Chicago School, The Future of Employment, the payments system, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, Tragedy of the Commons, Travis Kalanick, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, Y Combinator, zero-sum game, Zipcar

The inequality has become obscene; too many people are suffering from chronic insecurity. Revolt is coming, in many forms. The first round was proudly ‘leaderless’, as figures in the Occupy movement kept on saying. They were primitive rebels, mould-breaking in intent, but ultimately breaking nothing. The energy fizzled and eventually died. Or did it? What started with the Arab Spring went on into the Occupy movement and its tented occupations of squares and parks in cities and towns in many countries. Those occupations brought together diverse groups. They were not in vain. Gradually, the defiant activists drifted away.

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Its members had not reached the crucial stage in the development of a class-for-itself, that of ‘recognition’, associated with mass awareness of class consciousness. That was to come after the financial crash of 2008, when governments rescued the banks, whose opportunistic profiteering had been the main cause, and when ‘austerity’ turned out to be a front for giving more to rentiers at the expense of everyone else. The Arab Spring and Occupy movement triggered a global realisation that ‘we’ were a subject, a class in the making. This is a necessary step in the reinvention of progressive politics. It is understandable that, at such a moment, old parties are rejected as unfit for purpose. But detachment may allow the neoliberal state to recover its poise and confidence.

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Scott 1 ‘follow-on’ patenting 1 Ford, Henry 1, 2 Ford Motor Company 1 foreign direct investment 1, 2 ‘forum shopping’ 1 fossil fuel industry 1 Foucault, Michel 1 Foxconn 1, 2 fracking 1, 2 Freelancer.com 1 Freelancers Union 1 ‘freelancing’ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Friedman, Milton 1, 2, 3, 4 Gates, Bill 1, 2 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 1, 2 General Electric 1, 2 General Motors 1, 2 Getaround 1 Giddens, Anthony 1 Gigwalk 1 Gilded Age 1, 2 Gilead 1, 2 GiveDirectly 1 Global Transformation 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Goldman Sachs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Goodwin, Fred 1 Google 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 GPFG (Government Pension Fund Global, Norway) 1, 2 Gramsci, Antonio 1 Great Convergence 1, 2 ‘Great Gatsby Curve’ 1 Great Transformation 1, 2, 3 Greenspan, Alan 1 Griffin Schools Trust 1 Grillo, Beppe 1 Guardian, The 1, 2 guilds 1, 2, 3 Gunster, Gerry 1 Guy, Gillian 1 Haldane, Andrew 1 Hamilton, Alexander 1 Hammurabi, King 1 Handy 1 Harberger, Arnold 1 Hardin, Garrett 1 Harris, John 1 Hartwick, John 1 Hartwick’s Rule of Inter-Generational Equity 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Hartz IV welfare reform 1 Hassle.com 1 Hawking, Stephen 1 Hayek, Friedrich 1, 2, 3, 4 Health and Social Care Act (2012) 1 ‘helicopter money’ 1 ‘help-to-buy’ scheme 1 Henry III, King 1 heteromation 1 Hilferding, Rudolf 1 Hitler, Adolf 1 HITs (Human Intelligence Tasks) 1 Hobson, John 1 Hollande, François 1 Homejoy 1 homelessness 1, 2, 3 hoovering (of patents) 1 household debt 1, 2, 3, 4 housing debt 1 Hurd, Nick 1 Husson, Michel 1 Hutton, Will 1 ICSID (International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes) 1, 2 ‘idea-intensive’ firms 1 Illich, Ivan 1 ILO (International Labour Organization) 1 IMF (International Monetary Fund) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 Independent, The 1 individualisation 1 ‘industrial time’ regime 1 Inequality 1 inheritance tax 1 Institute for Fiscal Studies 1, 2, 3 Institute of Economic Affairs 1, 2 intellectual commons 1, 2 intellectual property branding 1 and commons 1 copyright 1 and lies of rentier capitalism 1 and lobbying 1 and revolt of precariat 1, 2, 3 trade and investment treaties 1 see also patents International Association of Political Consultants 1 International Energy Agency 1 ‘inversion deals’ 1 Investment Court System 1 ‘investment plan for Europe’ 1 IOM (International Organization for Migration) 1 IPSE (Association of Independent Professionals and the Self Employed) 1 ISA (individual savings allowance) 1 ISDS (Investor–State Dispute Settlement) 1, 2, 3, 4 ITN (Independent Television News) 1 Jackson, Michael 1 James I, King 1 Jefferson, Thomas 1, 2 Jobs (Jumpstart Our Businesses) Act (2012) 1 John, King 1 Johnson, Boris 1, 2 Jospin, Lionel 1 JP Morgan 1, 2 Juncker, Jean-Claude 1 Kalanick, Travis 1 Kay, John 1 Kennedy, John F. 1 Kent Reliance 1 Keynes, John Maynard 1, 2, 3, 4 Kids Company 1 King, Martin Luther 1 King, Matt 1 Kingfisher 1 Kinnock, Neil 1 Kinnock, Stephen 1 Klaus, Václav 1 Koch, Charles 1, 2 Koch, David 1 Kondratieff ‘long waves’ theory 1 Kraft 1 Krytyka Polityczna (Political Critique) network 1 Kwarteng, Kwasi 1 labourism 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Lady Gaga 1 Lancers 1 landlord debt 1 Lansley, Andrew 1, 2 Laplanche, Renaud 1 Lauderdale, Earl of 1 Lauderdale Paradox 1, 2 Lawson, Nigel 1 Lazzarato, Maurizio 1 Leader’s Group 1 Lebedev, Evgeny 1 Lee, John 1 Legal and General Property 1 Legal Services Act (2007) 1 Lehman Brothers 1, 2 Lending Club 1, 2 Lenin, Vladimir 1 library services 1 Lidl 1 lies of rentier capitalism 1, 2, 3 LinkedIn 1, 2 living wage 1, 2, 3, 4 Lloyds Banking Group 1, 2 lobbying 1, 2 Lobbying Act (2014) 1 London Debt Agreement (1953) 1 London Economic Conference (1933) 1 Long-Term Capital Management 1 ‘Luddites’ 1 Lyft 1, 2, 3 McKinsey Global Institute 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Macmillan, Harold 1 McNamara, Robert 1 Magna Carta (1215) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Mail on Sunday 1 Major, John 1, 2, 3 Malaysia Square (London) 1 Malthus, Thomas 1 Manafort, Paul 1 Mandelson, Peter 1 ‘market exclusivity’ 1 Marshall, Paul 1 Marshall Plan 1 Marx, Karl 1, 2 Mason, Paul 1, 2, 3, 4 mass media 1, 2, 3, 4 MeasureOne 1 Medallion Financial 1 mental health 1 Messina, Jim 1, 2 Met Patrol Plus 1 Metro 1 Microsoft 1 migration 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Milburn, Alan 1, 2, 3 Miliband, Ed 1, 2 Milner, Yuri 1 Miłosz, Czesław 1 Milstein, César 1 Mincome 1 minimum wage 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Mirrlees, James 1 Mises, Ludwig von 1, 2 Mishel, Lawrence 1 Mitterrand, François 1 Money Advice Trust 1 Monitor 1 Mont Pelerin Society (MPS) 1, 2, 3 Monti, Mario 1, 2, 3 ‘moonlighters’ 1 moral hazards 1, 2, 3 Motorola 1 MoVimento 1 Stelle (M 2S) 3 MPC (Monetary Policy Committee) 1 Mugabe, Robert 1 Murdoch, Rupert 1, 2, 3, 4 Murphy, Richard 1 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) 1, 2 NAIRU (nonaccelerating inflation rate of unemployment) 1 Nash, John 1, 2 National Audit Office 1, 2 National Council for Voluntary Organisations 1 National Crime Agency 1 National Gallery 1 National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act (1949) 1 National Trust 1 Nationwide Building Society 1 ‘natural capital’ 1 Neo-liberalism 1, 2 and commons 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and democracy 1, 2, 3 and occupational dismantling 1 and revolt of precariat 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and shaping of rentier capitalism 1, 2 and subsidies 1, 2, 3, 4 New Labour 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 New Scotland Yard 1 Newman, Maurice 1 News of the World 1 NGOs (non-governmental organisations) 1 NHS (National Health Service) 1, 2, 3 Nine Elms development (London) 1, 2 ‘non-dom’ status 1, 2 North Sea oil 1, 2, 3 North York Moors National Park Authority 1 Northern Rock 1, 2 O’Neill, Jim 1 Obama, Barack 1, 2, 3 Observer, The 1, 2 Occidental Petroleum 1 occupational dismantling 1 Occupy Movement 1, 2, 3, 4 ODI (Overseas Development Institute) 1 OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Ofcom 1 Office for Budget Responsibility 1, 2 offshore tax havens 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Oil Change International 1 Ola Cabs 1, 2 Olympic Park (Stratford) 1 on-call employees 1 on-demand economy 1, 2, 3 online dispute resolution 1 ONS (Office of National Statistics) 1, 2, 3, 4 OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 1 Optum 1 Osborne, George 1 Ostrom, Elinor 1 Oxfam 1 PAC (Parliamentary Accounts Committee) 1 PACs (Political Action Committees) 1 Paine, Thomas 1 Panama Papers 1 Paolozzi, Sir Eduardo 1 Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (1883) 1 ‘participation income’ system 1 party politics 1 ‘pass-through’ structures 1 patent boxes 1 patents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 see also intellectual property Paulson, Henry 1 payday loans 1 PayPal 1 peer-to-peer lending 1, 2, 3 PeoplePerHour 1 PEP (Personal Equity Plan) 1 Perkins, Adam 1 Permanent Wyoming Mineral Trust Fund 1 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (1996) 1 PFI (private finance initiative) 1, 2, 3 Pfizer 1, 2 Pharmac 1 Philip Morris International 1, 2, 3 Phillips, A.

Inequality and the 1% by Danny Dorling

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, banking crisis, battle of ideas, Bear Stearns, Bernie Madoff, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Boris Johnson, Branko Milanovic, buy and hold, call centre, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, centre right, collective bargaining, conceptual framework, corporate governance, credit crunch, David Attenborough, David Graeber, delayed gratification, Dominic Cummings, double helix, Downton Abbey, en.wikipedia.org, Etonian, family office, financial deregulation, full employment, gentrification, Gini coefficient, high net worth, housing crisis, income inequality, land value tax, Leo Hollis, Londongrad, longitudinal study, low skilled workers, lump of labour, mega-rich, Monkeys Reject Unequal Pay, Mont Pelerin Society, mortgage debt, negative equity, Neil Kinnock, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, plutocrats, precariat, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, Robert Shiller, Russell Brand, TaskRabbit, TED Talk, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, trickle-down economics, unpaid internship, very high income, We are the 99%, wealth creators, working poor

Protests are most common here, and the age of the people involved is getting younger and younger. It is the young who have lost the most in recent years, and it is they who are beginning to show their resentment through resistance. That resistance is spreading, and is expressed in many ways, from street demonstrations to the graffiti and other art of the Occupy movement. London is where financial deregulation began, in the 1980s. It is London that benefited most, and it is in London that those with some of the greatest debts now reside. London is home to most of the 1 per cent, most of the rest of whom live just a short distance away from the capital. London’s financial markets were constrained between 1929 and 1978, just as they were in the US, when the 1 per cent was forced to become more normal (see Figure 3.5).

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For outsiders, it can be shocking to discover that a sixty-one-year-old in the US needs to pay $10,000 dollars a year just to receive what they see as basic healthcare – and that measures by the current Obama administration to improve this are said by some to be making the situation worse.55 But the spirit embodied in Obama’s ‘yes we can’ campaign rhetoric gave widespread hope to those desperate for change. Source: Table A1.1 2012-based Expectation of Life, 1981–2062, Principal Projection, United Kingdom, December 2013 Figure 5.5 Life Expectancy of Women aged sixty-five in the UK In Puerta del Sol, Madrid’s central square, on 7 June 2011 – before the Occupy movement took off elsewhere – a young woman who joined the indignados tried to explain what it felt like to make her voice heard: ‘It’s impossible to switch off … I dream about it at night. It was hard work learning how to conduct the assemblies, especially the big one … We learn something new every day.’56 Protesting in Spain – like enacting progressive legislation in the US, like researching the changing influences on life expectancy in Finland – can be a cause of elation; but much of it is also a bitter grind, with only the occasional moment of celebration.

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Van Reenen, ‘Bankers and Their Bonuses’, Centre for Economic Performance Occasional Paper 35 (2013), London School of Economics, at cep.lse.ac.uk. 32. P. Crush, ‘HSBC Circumvents EU Bankers’ Bonus Cap’, Chartered Institute of Professional Development, 25 February 2014, at cipd.co.uk. 33. As revealed by Canadian data, a proxy for the US/UK. S. Breau, ‘The Occupy Movement and the Top 1 Per Cent in Canada’, Antipode, 27 August 2013, at onlinelibrary.wiley.com. 34. Official website of the British Monarchy, at royal.gov.uk. 35. G. Smith, ‘The “Value for Money Monarchy” Myth’, Republic Campaign, 2013, at republic.org.uk. 36. Imagine the boost to tourism from having over a thousand royal families!

Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle by Silvia Federici

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Alan Greenspan, Community Supported Agriculture, declining real wages, equal pay for equal work, feminist movement, financial independence, fixed income, gentrification, global village, illegal immigration, informal economy, invisible hand, labor-force participation, land tenure, mass incarceration, means of production, microcredit, military-industrial complex, neoliberal agenda, new economy, Occupy movement, planetary scale, Scramble for Africa, statistical model, structural adjustment programs, the market place, tontine, trade liberalization, UNCLOS, wages for housework, Washington Consensus, women in the workforce, World Values Survey

This is one of the issues that has most interested me during these last years and to which I intend to dedicate a good part of my future work, both on account of the current reproduction crisis—including the destruction of an entire generation of young people, mostly of young people of color, now rotting in our jails—and on account of the recognition growing among activists in the United States that a movement that does not learn to reproduce itself is not sustainable.9 In New York, this realization has for some years inspired a discussion about “self-reproducing movements” and “communities of care” side by side with the development of a variety of community-based structures. Expanding the notion of the commons and giving it a more broad political meaning also shapes the horizon of the Occupy Movement, the Arab Spring and the many enduring antiausterity struggles worldwide. For their transformational powers stem from their ability to appropriate spaces that are controlled by the state and commodified by the market and turn them once again into common lands. I THEORIZING AND POLITICIZING HOUSEWORK WAGES AGAINST HOUSEWORK (1975) They say it is love.

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Across the world, a movement of movements has also grown that, since the ‘90s, has challenged every aspect of globalization—through mass demonstrations, land occupations, the construction of solidarity economies and other forms of commons building. Most important, the recent spread of prolonged mass uprisings and “Occupy” movements that over the last year has swept much of the world, from Tunisia, to Egypt, through most of the Middle East, to Spain, and the United States have opened a space where the vision of a major social transformation again becomes possible. After years of apparent closure, where nothing seemed capable of stopping the destructive powers of a declining capitalist order, the “Arab Spring” and the sprawling of tents across the American landscape, joining the many already set in place by the growing population of homeless, show the bottom is once again rising, and a new generation is walking the squares determined to reclaim their future, and choosing forms of struggle that potentially can begin to build a bridge across some of the main social divides.

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Amid wars, economic crises, and devaluations, as the world around them was falling apart, they have planted corn on abandoned town plots, cooked food to sell on the side of the streets, created communal kitchens—ola communes, as in Chile and Peru—thus standing in the way of a total commodification of life and beginning a process of reappropriation and recollectivization of reproduction that is indispensable if we are to regain control over our lives. The festive squares and “occupy” movements of 2011 are in a way a continuation of this process as the “multitudes” have understood that no movement is sustainable that does not place at its center the reproduction of those participating in it, thus also transforming the protest demonstrations into moments of collective reproduction and cooperation.

The Smartphone Society by Nicole Aschoff

"Susan Fowler" uber, 4chan, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Airbnb, algorithmic bias, algorithmic management, Amazon Web Services, artificial general intelligence, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, carbon footprint, Carl Icahn, Cass Sunstein, citizen journalism, cloud computing, correlation does not imply causation, crony capitalism, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data science, deep learning, DeepMind, degrowth, Demis Hassabis, deplatforming, deskilling, digital capitalism, digital divide, do what you love, don't be evil, Donald Trump, Downton Abbey, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, feminist movement, Ferguson, Missouri, Filter Bubble, financial independence, future of work, gamification, gig economy, global value chain, Google Chrome, Google Earth, Googley, green new deal, housing crisis, income inequality, independent contractor, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, Jessica Bruder, job automation, John Perry Barlow, knowledge economy, late capitalism, low interest rates, Lyft, M-Pesa, Mark Zuckerberg, minimum wage unemployment, mobile money, moral panic, move fast and break things, Naomi Klein, Network effects, new economy, Nicholas Carr, Nomadland, occupational segregation, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, offshore financial centre, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, PageRank, Patri Friedman, peer-to-peer, Peter Thiel, pets.com, planned obsolescence, quantitative easing, Ralph Waldo Emerson, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, RFID, Richard Stallman, ride hailing / ride sharing, Rodney Brooks, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, shareholder value, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Shoshana Zuboff, Sidewalk Labs, Silicon Valley, single-payer health, Skype, Snapchat, SoftBank, statistical model, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, surveillance capitalism, TaskRabbit, tech worker, technological determinism, TED Talk, the scientific method, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, TikTok, transcontinental railway, transportation-network company, Travis Kalanick, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, upwardly mobile, Vision Fund, W. E. B. Du Bois, wages for housework, warehouse robotics, WikiLeaks, women in the workforce, yottabyte

Indeed, when the Reverend Al Sharpton showed up in Ferguson, as he has in other towns and cities when police have murdered Black people, the young organizers who had been in the streets for days were unimpressed with his calls for patience and his insistence on keeping the focus of the protest tightly on Brown’s death.37 Young people increasingly saw the police killings as part of a bigger systemic problem connected to broader structures of poverty and racism and rooted not just in a racist system of law enforcement but also in deeply unequal systems of education, employment, health care, finance, and political representation. As African American studies professor Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor contends, “The political action of young Blacks is not happening in a vacuum; it is part of the same radicalization that gave rise to the Occupy movement.”38 It is part of a broader revolt whose dramatic unfolding plays out on small screens and city streets simultaneously. Like the young people in the streets of Ferguson, the young people who decided to camp out in Zucotti Park in September 2011, sparking the Occupy Wall Street movement, were angry.

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., 37, 39, 41, 44, 54 Mori, 61–62 MoveOn.org, 91 M-pesa mobile money transfer system, 6 MSD (Marjorie Stoneman Douglas) High School, 90 mSpy, 25 Mubarak, Hosni, 92, 94, 97 Muflahi, Abdullah, 20 multitier subcontracting, 31 Munro, Alice, 62–63 Musk, Elon, 126 Myanmar, 42, 50, 94 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 157 National Hispanic Media Coalition, 55 National Justice Project (Australia), 21 National Labor Relations Board, 153 National Policy Institute, 105–6 National Security Agency (NSA), 80, 81, 95 NationBuilder, 93–94 neoliberalism: and capitalism, 69, 102, 112–13, 117–18, 144–45; and economic crisis, 99–100, 176n30; and feminism, 107; and new titans, 54 Nepal, 94 network(s), 61, 143 “network effects,” 44 “network society,” 121 #NeverAgain movement, 90, 110 New America, 56 New Center, 45–46 “New Economy,” 121 news: fake, 50–51, 56 news cycle, 89 newspapers, 50–52 news sources, 50–52 New York Taxi Workers Alliance, 146, 153, 178–79n5 Nichols, Synead, 89–90 Nigeria, politics in, 97 Nixon, Richard, 88 Noah, Trevor, 110 Noble, Dylan, 19–20 Nobu Malibu, 62 #NotOkay, 108 NSA (National Security Agency), 80, 81, 95 Obama, Barack, 6, 44, 55, 92, 106 obsolescence, built-in, 82 Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria, 104, 112, 152, 179n22 Occupy movement, 102–3, 104 Oculus, 41 OKCupid, 23, 24 O’Neill, Caitlin, 56 online dating, 23–27, 35 online search, 52 Open Markets Institute, 150 Open Sesame, 10 Operation Haymaker, 95–96 O’Reilly, Holly Figueroa, 93 O’Rourke, Beto, 92 outrage politics, 109 outsourcing, 146 ownership of our own data, 135–36, 156 Oxford, Kelly, 60, 108 Pacific Railroad Act (1862), 80 Page, Larry, 38, 39, 41, 54, 119–20, 124 PageRank, 52 Palantir, 81 para-social interactions with celebrities, 65 parental limitation, 8 Parkland, Florida, 90 Patriot Act, 81 payment systems, mobile, 4, 5, 6, 10 PayPal, 44 peer-to-peer networks, 120 Pelosi, Nancy, 56 performance: politics as, 109, 111; social media as, 63, 64, 68 permatemps, 46, 47 personal information: ownership of, 135–36, 156; sharing on social media of, 60– 61 personalization, 53 personal narratives, 115–16 philanthropy, 56–57 Philippines, 90–91 “phone boss,” 69 Physician Women for Democratic Principles, 89 “pickers,” 33, 46 Pickersgill, Eric, 7 Pinterest, 60, 64, 69 PlentyOfFish, 24 polarization, in politics, 111 police: surveillance by, 96–97, 137–38, 176n28; violence against blacks by, 17–23, 35, 89–90, 100–102, 111, 169n6, 169n13 political advertising, 149 political movements, 97, 102, 111–12 political organizing, 91 political parties, 93–94 politics, 87–113; algorithms and filter bubbles in, 109–10; Black Lives Matter in, 89–90, 100–102, 111; bots in, 109; censorship in, 95; Dakota Access Pipeline Protests in, 103–4, 110; decentralization in, 101–2; digital-analog model in, 104, 110–12, 162; economic crisis in, 98–100; feminist movement in, 107–8; finding our voice in, 108–13; geo-, 95–96, 144; government tracking in, 94– 95; gun violence in, 90, 91, 110, 111; modern-day revolt in, 100–108; neoliberal, 99–100, 112–13; Occupy movement in, 102–3; outrage, 109; outside of US, 93–94; as performance, 109, 111; as personal, 88–100; polarization in, 111; political movements in, 97, 102; political parties in, 93– 94; protests in, 89–90, 92, 95, 100–104; slacktivism in, 111; social media use by candidates in, 103–5; social media use by people in power in, 87–88, 92– 93; Sunrise Movement in, 103–4; surveillance by law enforcement in, 96–97, 176n28; Syrian War in, 90; virality in, 81; voter outreach in, 89; white supremacy in, 35, 105–7 poor communities, internet access for, 149–50 Posner, Eric A., 135 poverty, 12–13 power, in cognitive mapping, 145 power inequalities, 137–38 predictive modeling, 77 print magazines, 172n40 PRISM program, 81 privacy, 69–72, 137–38, 150–51, 156 “privacy tools,” 71 private sphere, commodification of, 144 producers vs. consumers, 28–29 profit, frontiers of, 72–79, 85–86 proponents, 9–12 ProPublica, 48, 106, 149, 153 protests, 89–90, 92, 95, 100–104 Proud Boys movement, 106 public opinion, molding of, 55 Pulitzer, Joseph, 50 “push” notifications, 84 racism, 17–23, 35, 169n6, 169n13 RAM (Rise Above Movement), 106–7 rare metals, 82, 83 Reagan, Ronald, 43 real estate market, effect of high-tech company location in, 48–49 “real life,” digital life vs., 68 recommender algorithm, 67 Reddit, 24 redlining, digital, 29 regulation of monopolies, 43–46 reinforcement learning, 157 Rekognition software, 149 relationships, expectations and norms about, 24–25 religious beliefs, tech-based, 123 remote medicine, 10 rents, 48 research funding, 55 retreat from technology, 132–35 Reynolds, Diamond “Lavish,” 20, 35 Rice, Tamir, 18 “right to repair,” 155 right-wing movements, 105–7 Rise Above Movement (RAM), 106–7 rituals, on social media, 61 Robbin, Jonathan, 77 robots, 128, 131 Rockefeller, Jay, 77 Rockefeller, John D., 37, 54, 57 Rongwen, Zhuang, 94 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 88 Rousseff, Dilma, 97 Rudder, Christian, 23 rural areas: internet access for, 29, 149–50 Salesforce: employees organizing at, 148; immoral projects at, 154 Sandberg, Sheryl, 107 Sanders, Bernie, 103–5, 110 Santana, Feidin, 19, 20 Santelli, Rick, 105 Saudi Arabia, censorship in, 95 Scavino, Dan, 88 Schifter, Doug, 127 Schillinger, Klemens, 8 Schneier, Bruce, 135 Schrems, Max, 151 science fiction, 126 Scott, Walter, 19, 20 scraping, 71 Seamless, 30 search algorithms, 51–52, 53 Seasteading Institute, 124 Seinfeld, Jerry, 110 self-esteem, 65 selfies, 59–60 selfish behavior, 138–39, 154–56 self-monitoring tools, 69 service jobs, 33–34 Seth, Jodi, 56 sexism, 23–27, 35 sexting, 25–27, 35 sexual division of labor, 74–75 sexual harassment, 25, 27, 126–27 sexuality, 23–27, 35 sexual violence, 25 shareholder value society, 98 sharing on social media, 60–61, 84 Sharpton, Al, 102 shopping, mobile, 31–32 short message service (SMS), 6 Sidewalk Labs, 41 Sierra Club, 157 signals intelligence, 95–96 “silent spring,” 7 Silicon Valley, 115–41; distrust of, 125–31; and government control, 124; and spirit of capitalism, 115–25; taking back control from, 131–41 Silicon Valley Rising (SVR), 147 Sina Weibo (China), 94 Singh, Jagmeet, 93–94 the Singularity, 123 skeptics, 7–8 Skype, 81 slacktivism, 111 Slager, Michael, 19 Slutwalks, 108 smartness, 9 smartphone(s): demographics of, 3, 4; vs.

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., 37, 39, 41, 44, 54 Mori, 61–62 MoveOn.org, 91 M-pesa mobile money transfer system, 6 MSD (Marjorie Stoneman Douglas) High School, 90 mSpy, 25 Mubarak, Hosni, 92, 94, 97 Muflahi, Abdullah, 20 multitier subcontracting, 31 Munro, Alice, 62–63 Musk, Elon, 126 Myanmar, 42, 50, 94 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 157 National Hispanic Media Coalition, 55 National Justice Project (Australia), 21 National Labor Relations Board, 153 National Policy Institute, 105–6 National Security Agency (NSA), 80, 81, 95 NationBuilder, 93–94 neoliberalism: and capitalism, 69, 102, 112–13, 117–18, 144–45; and economic crisis, 99–100, 176n30; and feminism, 107; and new titans, 54 Nepal, 94 network(s), 61, 143 “network effects,” 44 “network society,” 121 #NeverAgain movement, 90, 110 New America, 56 New Center, 45–46 “New Economy,” 121 news: fake, 50–51, 56 news cycle, 89 newspapers, 50–52 news sources, 50–52 New York Taxi Workers Alliance, 146, 153, 178–79n5 Nichols, Synead, 89–90 Nigeria, politics in, 97 Nixon, Richard, 88 Noah, Trevor, 110 Noble, Dylan, 19–20 Nobu Malibu, 62 #NotOkay, 108 NSA (National Security Agency), 80, 81, 95 Obama, Barack, 6, 44, 55, 92, 106 obsolescence, built-in, 82 Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria, 104, 112, 152, 179n22 Occupy movement, 102–3, 104 Oculus, 41 OKCupid, 23, 24 O’Neill, Caitlin, 56 online dating, 23–27, 35 online search, 52 Open Markets Institute, 150 Open Sesame, 10 Operation Haymaker, 95–96 O’Reilly, Holly Figueroa, 93 O’Rourke, Beto, 92 outrage politics, 109 outsourcing, 146 ownership of our own data, 135–36, 156 Oxford, Kelly, 60, 108 Pacific Railroad Act (1862), 80 Page, Larry, 38, 39, 41, 54, 119–20, 124 PageRank, 52 Palantir, 81 para-social interactions with celebrities, 65 parental limitation, 8 Parkland, Florida, 90 Patriot Act, 81 payment systems, mobile, 4, 5, 6, 10 PayPal, 44 peer-to-peer networks, 120 Pelosi, Nancy, 56 performance: politics as, 109, 111; social media as, 63, 64, 68 permatemps, 46, 47 personal information: ownership of, 135–36, 156; sharing on social media of, 60– 61 personalization, 53 personal narratives, 115–16 philanthropy, 56–57 Philippines, 90–91 “phone boss,” 69 Physician Women for Democratic Principles, 89 “pickers,” 33, 46 Pickersgill, Eric, 7 Pinterest, 60, 64, 69 PlentyOfFish, 24 polarization, in politics, 111 police: surveillance by, 96–97, 137–38, 176n28; violence against blacks by, 17–23, 35, 89–90, 100–102, 111, 169n6, 169n13 political advertising, 149 political movements, 97, 102, 111–12 political organizing, 91 political parties, 93–94 politics, 87–113; algorithms and filter bubbles in, 109–10; Black Lives Matter in, 89–90, 100–102, 111; bots in, 109; censorship in, 95; Dakota Access Pipeline Protests in, 103–4, 110; decentralization in, 101–2; digital-analog model in, 104, 110–12, 162; economic crisis in, 98–100; feminist movement in, 107–8; finding our voice in, 108–13; geo-, 95–96, 144; government tracking in, 94– 95; gun violence in, 90, 91, 110, 111; modern-day revolt in, 100–108; neoliberal, 99–100, 112–13; Occupy movement in, 102–3; outrage, 109; outside of US, 93–94; as performance, 109, 111; as personal, 88–100; polarization in, 111; political movements in, 97, 102; political parties in, 93– 94; protests in, 89–90, 92, 95, 100–104; slacktivism in, 111; social media use by candidates in, 103–5; social media use by people in power in, 87–88, 92– 93; Sunrise Movement in, 103–4; surveillance by law enforcement in, 96–97, 176n28; Syrian War in, 90; virality in, 81; voter outreach in, 89; white supremacy in, 35, 105–7 poor communities, internet access for, 149–50 Posner, Eric A., 135 poverty, 12–13 power, in cognitive mapping, 145 power inequalities, 137–38 predictive modeling, 77 print magazines, 172n40 PRISM program, 81 privacy, 69–72, 137–38, 150–51, 156 “privacy tools,” 71 private sphere, commodification of, 144 producers vs. consumers, 28–29 profit, frontiers of, 72–79, 85–86 proponents, 9–12 ProPublica, 48, 106, 149, 153 protests, 89–90, 92, 95, 100–104 Proud Boys movement, 106 public opinion, molding of, 55 Pulitzer, Joseph, 50 “push” notifications, 84 racism, 17–23, 35, 169n6, 169n13 RAM (Rise Above Movement), 106–7 rare metals, 82, 83 Reagan, Ronald, 43 real estate market, effect of high-tech company location in, 48–49 “real life,” digital life vs., 68 recommender algorithm, 67 Reddit, 24 redlining, digital, 29 regulation of monopolies, 43–46 reinforcement learning, 157 Rekognition software, 149 relationships, expectations and norms about, 24–25 religious beliefs, tech-based, 123 remote medicine, 10 rents, 48 research funding, 55 retreat from technology, 132–35 Reynolds, Diamond “Lavish,” 20, 35 Rice, Tamir, 18 “right to repair,” 155 right-wing movements, 105–7 Rise Above Movement (RAM), 106–7 rituals, on social media, 61 Robbin, Jonathan, 77 robots, 128, 131 Rockefeller, Jay, 77 Rockefeller, John D., 37, 54, 57 Rongwen, Zhuang, 94 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 88 Rousseff, Dilma, 97 Rudder, Christian, 23 rural areas: internet access for, 29, 149–50 Salesforce: employees organizing at, 148; immoral projects at, 154 Sandberg, Sheryl, 107 Sanders, Bernie, 103–5, 110 Santana, Feidin, 19, 20 Santelli, Rick, 105 Saudi Arabia, censorship in, 95 Scavino, Dan, 88 Schifter, Doug, 127 Schillinger, Klemens, 8 Schneier, Bruce, 135 Schrems, Max, 151 science fiction, 126 Scott, Walter, 19, 20 scraping, 71 Seamless, 30 search algorithms, 51–52, 53 Seasteading Institute, 124 Seinfeld, Jerry, 110 self-esteem, 65 selfies, 59–60 selfish behavior, 138–39, 154–56 self-monitoring tools, 69 service jobs, 33–34 Seth, Jodi, 56 sexism, 23–27, 35 sexting, 25–27, 35 sexual division of labor, 74–75 sexual harassment, 25, 27, 126–27 sexuality, 23–27, 35 sexual violence, 25 shareholder value society, 98 sharing on social media, 60–61, 84 Sharpton, Al, 102 shopping, mobile, 31–32 short message service (SMS), 6 Sidewalk Labs, 41 Sierra Club, 157 signals intelligence, 95–96 “silent spring,” 7 Silicon Valley, 115–41; distrust of, 125–31; and government control, 124; and spirit of capitalism, 115–25; taking back control from, 131–41 Silicon Valley Rising (SVR), 147 Sina Weibo (China), 94 Singh, Jagmeet, 93–94 the Singularity, 123 skeptics, 7–8 Skype, 81 slacktivism, 111 Slager, Michael, 19 Slutwalks, 108 smartness, 9 smartphone(s): demographics of, 3, 4; vs.

Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars From 4Chan and Tumblr to Trump and the Alt-Right by Angela Nagle

4chan, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, affirmative action, anti-communist, battle of ideas, Bernie Sanders, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, capitalist realism, citizen journalism, crony capitalism, death of newspapers, DIY culture, Donald Trump, Evgeny Morozov, feminist movement, Gabriella Coleman, game design, Hacker Ethic, Herbert Marcuse, hive mind, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, Kickstarter, lolcat, mass immigration, moral panic, Nelson Mandela, Norman Mailer, Occupy movement, Oklahoma City bombing, open borders, Overton Window, post-industrial society, pre–internet, Ronald Reagan, sexual politics, Silicon Valley, Social Justice Warrior, Steve Bannon, The Wisdom of Crowds, WikiLeaks

Chapter One The leaderless digital counter-revolution It is worth thinking back now to the early 2010s, when cyberutopianism had its biggest resurgence since the 90s, before the dot-com bubble burst. This time it emerged in response to a series of political events around the world from the Arab Spring to the Occupy movement to new politicized hacker movements. Anonymous, Wikileaks and public-square mass protests in Spain and across the Middle East were getting huge coverage in the news, causing a flurry of opinion and analysis pieces about their profound significance. All of these events were being attributed to the rise of social media and characterized as a new leaderless form of digital revolution.

…

Andrew Auernheimer (aka weev), a now well-known hacker and troll, seems to have been heavily involved in the attacks against Sierra, spreading false information online about her being a battered wife and a former prostitute. In 2009, weev claimed to have hacked into Amazon’s system and reclassified books about homosexuality as porn. Once a part of the Occupy movement, he now regularly posts anti-Semitic and anti-gay rants on YouTube, has a swastika tattoo on his chest and was also the self-appointed president of a trolling initiative called the Gay Nigger Association of America. This was dedicated to opposing popular blogging and other mainstream activities, thought to be destroying authentic Internet-culture.

Uneasy Street: The Anxieties of Affluence by Rachel Sherman

American ideology, Bernie Sanders, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, deindustrialization, Donald Trump, estate planning, financial independence, gig economy, high net worth, income inequality, Mark Zuckerberg, McMansion, mental accounting, NetJets, new economy, Occupy movement, plutocrats, precariat, school choice, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Southern State Parkway, Steve Jobs, The Spirit Level, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thorstein Veblen, transaction costs, upwardly mobile, We are the 99%, women in the workforce, working poor

Whether one is wealthy in this connotative way is defined by how much moral integrity one has—not how much money. In the past ten years, rich people have faced another symbolic challenge as economic inequality has emerged as a dominant issue on the national stage.26 The 2008 housing market collapse and the subsequent “Great Recession” brought economic struggles front and center. In 2011 the Occupy movement’s critique of “the 1 percent” dominated even the mainstream media. In 2014 French economist Thomas Piketty’s 700-page book on inequality became a bestseller in the United States. Strikes by fast-food workers and prominent debates about raising the minimum wage to fifteen dollars per hour also put the spotlight on low-wage workers in this period.

…

Indeed, astronomical compensation in these industries, the low-wage service jobs they generate,41 and city development strategies favoring the rich have made New York the most unequal large city in the United States,42 creating a situation Mayor Bill De Blasio has labeled an “inequality crisis.”43 In 2014 the gap between the poorest and the wealthiest in Manhattan was the largest in the country, as the average earnings of the top 5 percent were more than eighty-eight times those of the bottom 20 percent.44 New York’s levels of residential segregation by income as well as race are also among the highest in the nation.45 As more wealthy professionals have stayed in the city rather than move to the suburbs, real estate prices have shot up. Many neighborhoods, especially in Manhattan and Brooklyn, have gentrified rapidly, pushing nonwealthy people farther into the outer boroughs. Issues of wealth and inequality are also extremely visible in the city. It is where the Occupy movement first appeared in the United States in 2011. Activists took over Zuccotti Park, in the heart of the financial district, thrusting these issues into the public spotlight. Finally, Manhattan is the backdrop for many of the most dominant images of the morally suspect wealthy, from the “Primates of Park Avenue”46 to the “wolves of Wall Street.”47 But who counts as “elite”?

…

Rowling is a billionaire—regardless of how she came by her fortune, how she spends it, or whether she gives it away—just on the basis of the idea that such wealth is inseparable from extreme inequality, which is both pernicious to society and itself immoral? To some extent recent public discourses critical of inequality emerging from the Occupy movement, the Fight for Fifteen struggle for a $15 minimum wage, and the Bernie Sanders presidential campaign have raised exactly these questions. As we have seen, the people I talked with sometimes responded quite negatively to these critiques, interpreting them as personal judgments, as when high earners reacted defensively after President Obama advocated repealing high-wage tax cuts.

Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist by Kate Raworth

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", 3D printing, Alan Greenspan, Alvin Toffler, Anthropocene, Asian financial crisis, bank run, basic income, battle of ideas, behavioural economics, benefit corporation, Berlin Wall, biodiversity loss, bitcoin, blockchain, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, Buckminster Fuller, business cycle, call centre, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon tax, Cass Sunstein, choice architecture, circular economy, clean water, cognitive bias, collapse of Lehman Brothers, complexity theory, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, degrowth, dematerialisation, disruptive innovation, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Easter island, en.wikipedia.org, energy transition, Erik Brynjolfsson, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, experimental economics, Exxon Valdez, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial deregulation, Financial Instability Hypothesis, full employment, Future Shock, Garrett Hardin, Glass-Steagall Act, global supply chain, global village, Henri Poincaré, hiring and firing, Howard Zinn, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invention of writing, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, it is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends on his not understanding it, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Rogoff, Kickstarter, land reform, land value tax, Landlord’s Game, loss aversion, low interest rates, low skilled workers, M-Pesa, Mahatma Gandhi, market fundamentalism, Martin Wolf, means of production, megacity, Minsky moment, mobile money, Money creation, Mont Pelerin Society, Myron Scholes, neoliberal agenda, Network effects, Occupy movement, ocean acidification, off grid, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, out of africa, Paul Samuelson, peer-to-peer, planetary scale, price mechanism, quantitative easing, randomized controlled trial, retail therapy, Richard Thaler, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Second Machine Age, secular stagnation, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, smart cities, smart meter, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, South Sea Bubble, statistical model, Steve Ballmer, systems thinking, TED Talk, The Chicago School, The Great Moderation, the map is not the territory, the market place, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, Torches of Freedom, Tragedy of the Commons, trickle-down economics, ultimatum game, universal basic income, Upton Sinclair, Vilfredo Pareto, wikimedia commons

She is also a senior associate of the Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership, and teaches on the Economics for Transition programme at Schumacher College. Her internationally acclaimed idea of Doughnut Economics has been widely influential amongst sustainable development thinkers, progressive businesses and political activists, and she has presented its core ideas to audiences ranging from the UN General Assembly to the Occupy movement. Over the past 20 years, Kate’s career has taken her from working with micro-entrepreneurs in the villages of Zanzibar to co-authoring flagship reports for the United Nations Development Programme in New York, followed by a decade as Senior Researcher at Oxfam. Named by the Guardian as ‘one of the top ten tweeters on economic transformation’, her media work includes articles and interviews for the Financial Times, the Wall Street Journal, the New Statesman, CNN, and Al-Jazeera.

…

‘Distinctions must be kept in mind,’ he advised back in the 1960s, ‘between quantity and quality of growth, between its costs and return, and between the short and the long term … Objectives should be explicit: goals for “more” growth should specify more growth of what and for what.’17 Evicting the cuckoo Knocked sideways by the 2008 financial crash, alarmed by the 2011 Occupy movement’s global resonance, and under growing pressure to act on climate change, it’s no wonder that politicians today have started searching for words to express more inspiring visions of social and economic progress. But they seem always to revert to the same answer: growth, the ubiquitous noun, decked out in a splendid array of aspirational adjectives.

…

Out of all of these power relationships, when it comes to the workings of the economy, one in particular demands attention: the power of the wealthy to reshape the economy’s rules in their favour. Samuelson’s Circular Flow diagram inadvertently helped to gloss over this matter by depicting households as a homogeneous group, each one offering its labour and capital in return for wages and a share of profits – which are, in turn, paid out by a cluster of homogeneous firms. But, as the Occupy Movement made clear with its meme of the 1% and the 99%, that stylised picture doesn’t quite do justice to the reality we have come to know. Inequality amongst households and firms alike has soared in many countries in recent decades. And the extreme concentration of income and wealth – in the hands both of billionaires and of corporate boards – rapidly turns into power over how and for whom the economy is run.

Age of Discovery: Navigating the Risks and Rewards of Our New Renaissance by Ian Goldin, Chris Kutarna

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 2013 Report for America's Infrastructure - American Society of Civil Engineers - 19 March 2013, 3D printing, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, AltaVista, Asian financial crisis, asset-backed security, autonomous vehicles, banking crisis, barriers to entry, battle of ideas, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, bioinformatics, bitcoin, Boeing 747, Bonfire of the Vanities, bread and circuses, carbon tax, clean water, collective bargaining, Colonization of Mars, Credit Default Swap, CRISPR, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, Dava Sobel, demographic dividend, Deng Xiaoping, digital divide, Doha Development Round, double helix, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, epigenetics, experimental economics, Eyjafjallajökull, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial innovation, full employment, Galaxy Zoo, general purpose technology, Glass-Steagall Act, global pandemic, global supply chain, Higgs boson, Hyperloop, immigration reform, income inequality, indoor plumbing, industrial cluster, industrial robot, information retrieval, information security, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), intermodal, Internet of things, invention of the printing press, Isaac Newton, Islamic Golden Age, Johannes Kepler, Khan Academy, Kickstarter, Large Hadron Collider, low cost airline, low skilled workers, Lyft, Mahbub ul Haq, Malacca Straits, mass immigration, Max Levchin, megacity, Mikhail Gorbachev, moral hazard, Nelson Mandela, Network effects, New Urbanism, non-tariff barriers, Occupy movement, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, open economy, Panamax, Paris climate accords, Pearl River Delta, personalized medicine, Peter Thiel, post-Panamax, profit motive, public intellectual, quantum cryptography, rent-seeking, reshoring, Robert Gordon, Robert Metcalfe, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, Shenzhen was a fishing village, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, smart grid, Snapchat, special economic zone, spice trade, statistical model, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Stuxnet, synthetic biology, TED Talk, The Future of Employment, too big to fail, trade liberalization, trade route, transaction costs, transatlantic slave trade, uber lyft, undersea cable, uranium enrichment, We are the 99%, We wanted flying cars, instead we got 140 characters, working poor, working-age population, zero day

Disillusioned by the “recovery” that wasn’t (see Figure 8-1), in September 2011, several hundred people came together under the slogan “We are the 99%” and occupied New York City’s Zuccotti Park, near Wall Street, in protest. What in another time and place might have remained an obscure act of civil disobedience instead found a discouraged global public willing to join in. Within a month, the Occupy movement had spread to over 950 cities in 82 countries across five continents. Protest across the democratic world The Occupy movement became a global brand, but it was itself inspired by popular uprisings in Europe and the Arab world. Unlike the financial crisis in the US, the financial crises that unfolded in European countries like Spain, Greece, Ireland, Iceland and Italy were beyond the resources of their own governments to cope.

…

If Facebook were a nation, it would be the most populous on Earth, with over 1.5 billion active users each month.31 And despite being dispersed around the globe, they are all, on average, less than four degrees of separation apart.32 On Facebook, even if we’ve never met, a friend of your friend knows a friend of my friend. This new group intelligence has been pivotal in many of the most talked-about events of the twenty-first century: the Arab Spring, the Occupy movement, public relief efforts in response to Hurricane Sandy, the Paris Climate Accord and the rise of extremist political parties in Europe. The wide range of these activities highlights how the new digital medium can bring both positive and negative outcomes. Societies and citizens are still fumbling to learn how to operate and manage this layer of consciousness.

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See Buonarroti, Michelangelo middle class, 73–5, 93, 178, 186, 241 Middle East, 40–1, 93 Arab Spring, 24, 36, 211, 222–4, 228 and economic divergence, 211 and development, 161 and health care, 98 and life expectancy, 76 See also Islam migration benefits of, 86–8 challenges of, 230–1 drivers of, 59 economic migration, 56–7 and innovation, 59 international migration flows, 58 and labor, 57–9 long-term, 52–60 and policy, 249–51, 254 in the Renaissance, 55–6 and selected capital inflows to developing world, 87 and urbanization, 53–5, 249–50 See also refugees Milner, Yuri, 156 modernity, 152, 207–10, 212, 229 Moore, Gordon, 31 Moore, Michael, 227 Moore’s Law, 31–2, 117, 123, 136 More, Thomas, 75, 261 Mosteghanemi, Ahlam, 212 Musk, Elon, 243 Myanmar, 24, 206, 252 9/11, 4, 166, 207, 219, 227, 242 nanotechnology, 125–31, 157, 162 National Security Agency (NSA), 24 nationalism, 65, 230 new media, 25–37 New Renaissance, 7–10, 139, 235–67 beginning of, 10 breadth of achievement, 101 and collaboration, 145 and democracy, 230 and life sciences, 121 and progress, 11, 98–9 and protest, 223 Newton, Isaac, 107, 124, 237 Nigeria, 43, 94, 146, 182 Nobel Prize, 137, 158, 238 Nokia, 43 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 25 North Korea, 25, 98, 111, 197–9, 223 Occupy movement, 36, 220–1, 224 offshoring, 44, 249 open-source movement, 145, 241 Open Tree of Life, 36 Ottoman Empire, 2, 10–11, 18, 30, 40–1, 51, 55, 60–1, 72–3, 135, 194–5, 204, 209, 213, 230 Oweidat, Nadia, 213 pandemics, 137, 185–7 Black Death, 1, 70, 72–3, 93, 143, 173–5, 177, 184 defined, 179 Ebola, 181–3 H5N1 (bird flu), 165, 183–5, 186, 237, 253 HIV/AIDS, 76, 83, 98, 101, 154, 158, 185–6 SARS, 180–1 Spanish flu, 165 paradigm shifts and Copernicus, 105–8, 110–12, and genius, 107 in life science, 112–21 in physical science, 121–31 in the Renaissance, 105–11 See also genius Paris Climate Accord, 36, 67 patents, 136–7, 159, 227, 244–5 PayPal, 59, 153, 243 perspective, need for, 4–7 Peru, 29, 93 Petrarch, 80, 133, 256 Peurbach, Georg von, 105, 133 PewDiePie, 138 pharmaceutical industry, 83–4, 113, 183, 245 3D-printed drugs, 119 and diminishing returns, 154–5 gene therapy, 119–20, 158 and nanotechnology, 131 and pace of discovery, 162–3 R&D spending, 154 Phelps, Edmund, 240–1 physics, 121–5 quantum mechanics, 123–8 and random motion, 128 and scale, 121–8 scanning tunneling microscope (STM), 128 and stickiness, 128 plague.

Stuffocation by James Wallman

3D printing, Abraham Maslow, Adam Curtis, Airbnb, Alvin Toffler, back-to-the-land, Berlin Wall, big-box store, Black Swan, BRICs, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, clean water, collaborative consumption, commoditize, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, David Brooks, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Future Shock, Great Leap Forward, happiness index / gross national happiness, hedonic treadmill, high net worth, income inequality, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), James Hargreaves, Joseph Schumpeter, Kitchen Debate, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, McMansion, means of production, Nate Silver, Occupy movement, Paul Samuelson, planned obsolescence, post-industrial society, post-materialism, public intellectual, retail therapy, Richard Florida, Richard Thaler, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, Skype, spinning jenny, Streisand effect, The future is already here, The Signal and the Noise by Nate Silver, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thorstein Veblen, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, World Values Survey, Zipcar

Social scientists would say that all these reasons – the stress of stuff, the stable upbringing, the environment, the ageing population, the growing population, the rise of the global middle class, and the move to cities – they are all relevant, but that we are also increasingly fed up with materialism because we simply don’t believe in the system anymore. One social scientist, such as Ruth Milkman, for instance, might point out that we are disillusioned with its inherent inequalities, that the protesters in the Occupy movement reflected the anger the rest of us felt. Another might highlight the fact that, till recently, we thought that if we earned more and bought more things, it would make us happier. But researchers like Tom Gilovich have shown that this is not the case, and as this truth reaches the mainstream it is changing the importance people place on possessions.

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The internet has also transformed fashion. Once the front of catwalks was strictly Hollywood A-listers and VIPs. It still is – only the VIPs now include bloggers like twelve-year-old Tavi Gevinson. And it has revolutionized politics: consider the impact of Facebook and Twitter on Egypt, Iran, and the Occupy movement. Because of the internet, the direction of influence and the structure of power have changed. Instead of the old, top-down system, where information and influence flowed from the top, now they also flow in other ways, from the bottom upwards, and also sideways. And before, the few at the top held sway over the many at the bottom.

…

Tavi Gevinson Read about the time the twelve-year-old blogger sat front row in “Tavi Gevinson: 13-Year-Old Fashion Blogger Skips School, Attends Fashion Week”, Huffington Post, 17 November 2009. Social media’s effect on politics For the impact of Facebook and Twitter on Egypt, Iran, and the Occupy Movement, consider Jose Antonio Vargas, “Spring Awakening: How an Egyptian Revolution Began on Facebook”, New York Times, February 17, 2012, and Jared Keller, “Evaluating Iran’s Twitter Revolution”, The Atlantic, 18 June 2010. CHAPTER FOUR I Love to Count: the 33, 47, 69 and 100 Things of Minimalism Read more about Tammy Strobel at www.rowdykittens.com.

Utopia or Bust: A Guide to the Present Crisis by Benjamin Kunkel

Alan Greenspan, Anthropocene, anti-communist, Bear Stearns, Bretton Woods, business cycle, capital controls, Carmen Reinhart, creative destruction, David Graeber, declining real wages, full employment, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, late capitalism, Lewis Mumford, liberal capitalism, liquidity trap, means of production, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, mortgage debt, Occupy movement, peak oil, price stability, profit motive, public intellectual, savings glut, Slavoj Žižek, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, transatlantic slave trade, vertical integration, War on Poverty, We are the 99%, women in the workforce, Works Progress Administration, zero-sum game

In Greece, Portugal, and Spain, sovereign debt burdens have driven protesters onto the streets in the tens of thousands. They are indignant at being made to repair their governments’ books through higher taxes and reduced salaries and benefits. In Chile, excessive interest rates on student loans figured among the main grievances in demonstrations throughout the southern winter. And the Occupy movement in the US—whose slogan, “We are the 99 percent,” was reportedly first floated by Graeber himself—has condemned not only the maldistribution of wealth but the related vice of massive consumer debt, in the form of mortgages, student loans, and usurious interest rates on credit cards. Generally speaking, the 1 percent lends and the rest borrow.

…

Some readers of Debt have surmised that Graeber opposes all forms of impersonal economic relationship, on the basis of his warm accounts of neighborly credit relations or the Islamic bazaar with its “handshake deals,” as well as his denunciation of a credit system, articulated through laws and defended by violence, that exempts debt obligations and the value of money from the sort of continuous revision typical of humane dealings among equals. In response, Graeber has said that he is not “against impersonal relations, or all impersonal exchange relations,” which must in some degree characterize “any complex society.” There is no reason to doubt him. Yet the spirit of the Occupy movement has so far been defined by what Graeber, in Direct Action: An Ethnography (2009), described as the—mainly anarchist—theory and practice of “direct action,” or what is now often called “prefigurative politics.” In this ethos, “means and ends become, effectively, indistinguishable; a way of actively engaging with the world to bring about change, in which the form of the action … is itself a model for the change one wishes to bring about.”

A Fine Mess by T. R. Reid

accelerated depreciation, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Alan Greenspan, Bernie Sanders, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon tax, carried interest, centre right, clean water, Donald Trump, Double Irish / Dutch Sandwich, game design, Gini coefficient, High speed trading, Home mortgage interest deduction, Honoré de Balzac, income inequality, industrial robot, land value tax, loss aversion, mortgage tax deduction, obamacare, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, oil shock, plutocrats, race to the bottom, Ronald Reagan, seigniorage, Silicon Valley, Skype, Snapchat, sovereign wealth fund, Tax Reform Act of 1986, Tesla Model S, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tim Cook: Apple, Tobin tax, We are the 99%, WikiLeaks

But the various groups never settled on what they wanted to do about it. There were few if any specific demands for action from the Occupiers. As the urban campers began to leave their muddy tent cities in the cold of winter, it was hard to identify any policy change spurred by this occupation. And yet the Occupy movement did make a lasting contribution to American political discourse. The notion stuck that the country was divided between a filthy rich 1% and everybody else. Politicians from left to right—from the Democratic senator Elizabeth Warren to the Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump—declared that the American economic system is “rigged” to benefit the rich at the expense of the rest.

…

“Any increase in wealth inequality or pre-tax income inequality in Britain or America is caused by the rich getting disproportionately richer, not by the poor getting poorer.”4 With all the talk of inequality, some of the 1% began moaning out loud about the focus on their wealth, giving birth to a curious new American species: the whining billionaire. “From the Occupy movement to the demonization of the rich . . . I perceive a rising tide of hatred of the successful one percent,” the Silicon Valley magnate Tom Perkins wrote in an open letter. “I would call attention to the parallels of fascist Nazi Germany in its war on its ‘one percent,’ namely its Jews, to the progressive war on the American one percent, namely the ‘rich.’”5 The Nazi parallel was taken up by the investment banker Stephen Schwarzman, who was unhappy with proposals to reduce inequality by ending a lucrative tax break for his industry.

…

Hollande’s supertax on what he called “the arrogant and grasping rich” drew strong support from liberal newspapers and from prominent economists, including Thomas Piketty. Looking across the Atlantic to the demonstrations by “the 99%” in America, Piketty said that “Hollande’s 75-percent tax is the right response to the Occupy movement. The irony is that the street movement is happening in the United States, while the political response is coming in France.”8 Although the supertax actually touched only a minute fraction of French taxpayers, it ran into furious resistance. The Conseil Constitutionnel, a sort of Supreme Court, ruled that a tax rate of 75% amounted to a “confiscation” of wealth, in violation of the French Constitution.

The Rise of the Outsiders: How Mainstream Politics Lost Its Way by Steve Richards

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, banking crisis, battle of ideas, Bernie Sanders, Boris Johnson, Brexit referendum, call centre, centre right, collapse of Lehman Brothers, David Brooks, Dominic Cummings, Donald Trump, driverless car, Etonian, eurozone crisis, fake news, falling living standards, full employment, gentrification, high-speed rail, housing crisis, Jeremy Corbyn, low skilled workers, manufacturing employment, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, Neil Kinnock, obamacare, Occupy movement, post-truth, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, Steve Bannon

In March 2011, less than three years after the financial crash, the then Governor of the Bank of England, Mervyn King, noted candidly: ‘I’m surprised the real anger has not been greater than it has… The people whose jobs were destroyed were in no way responsible for the excesses of the financial sector and the crisis that followed.’1 King was both insightful and premature in his analysis. He made a noteworthy observation. The global Occupy movement against social inequality came closest to an insurrectionary protest, but there were no riots related directly to the crash across Europe or the US. Instead of riots, the anger of electorates was channelled largely into support for parties and candidates away from the mainstream. Those who were victims of the crash, or felt they were, discovered a far more effective way of expressing their anger: they gave power or influence to an outsider on the left or right, through the ballot box.

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Johnson: former US president Lionel Jospin: former French PM Sir Mervyn King: former Governor of the Bank of England Neil Kinnock: former Labour leader Pia Kjærsgaard: founder of the Danish People’s Party Oskar Lafontaine: former German minister Nigel Lawson: former UK chancellor Left Bloc: part of a coalition in Portugal Left Party: Germany Jean-Marie Le Pen: Front National, France Marine Le Pen: Front National Enrico Letta: Italian PM Damian McBride: Gordon Brown’s press secretary John McDonnell: Labour MP Emmanuel Macron: French minister John Major: former PM Peter Mandelson: former Labour politician and adviser Catarina Martins: leader of Portugal’s Left Bloc Theresa May: PM Angela Merkel: German chancellor David Miliband: former Foreign Secretary Ed Miliband: former Labour leader François Mitterrand: former French president Walter Mondale: former US vice-president Mario Monti: former Italian PM Chantal Mouffe: Belgian political theorist Lisa Nandy: MP for Wigan National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) Northern League (Lega Nord): Italy Paul Nuttall: current leader of UKIP Barack Obama: former US President Occupy movement: global movement against social inequality One Nation party: Australia George Osborne: former Chancellor of the Exchequer Party for Freedom: Holland Pasok: Greek socialist party Mike Pence: US vice-president People’s Party (PP): Spain Frauke Petry: chairwoman of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party Podemos: left-wing party in Spain Virginia Raggi: Mayor of Rome Mariano Rajoy: Spanish PM Matteo Renzi: former Italian PM Republican Party: US Marco Rubio: Florida senator Kevin Rudd: former PM of Australia Mark Rutte: Dutch prime minister Paul Ryan: Speaker of the US House of Representatives Alex Salmond: former SNP leader Matteo Salvini: leader of Italy’s Northern League Antonis Samaras: former PM of Greece Pedro Sánchez: former leader of PSOE in Spain Bernie Sanders: US presidential candidate Nicolas Sarkozy: former French president Anthony Scaramucci: Trump adviser Gerhard Schroeder: former German chancellor Martin Schulz: leader of Germany’s SDP Scottish National Party (SNP): UK Peter Skaarup: leader of the Danish People’s Party Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ): Austria Social Democratic Party (SPD): Germany Social Democratic Party (SDP): UK Social Democrats: Denmark Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (PSOE) Heinz-Christian Strache: Freedom Party Nicola Sturgeon: SNP leader Larry Summers: former US Secretary of the Treasury and economist Sweden Democrats party Syriza: left-wing party in Greece Tea Party: US Margaret Thatcher: former PM Justin Trudeau: Canadian prime minister Donald Trump: US president Alexis Tsipras: leader of Greece’s Syriza party Malcolm Turnbull: Australian PM Alexander Van der Bellen: President of Austria Yanis Varoufakis: former Greek finance minister William Waldegrave: former Conservative minister Geert Wilders: founder of the Dutch Party for Freedom Harold Wilson: former PM Stewart Wood: a senior adviser to Gordon Brown Steven Woolfe: UKIP leadership candidate ______ NOTES INTRODUCTION 1 Mervyn King to Treasury Select Committee, 1 March 2011 2 The Briefing Room, BBC Radio 4, 22 December 2016 CHAPTER ONE: The Outsiders on the Right 1 The Guardian, 23 May 2016 2 Televised debate of potential Republican candidates, 14 January 2016 3 The New York Times, 30 January 2016 4 Donald Trump’s victory speech in New Hampshire, 9 February 2016 5 Trump press conference, 16 February 2017 6 Trump rally in Florida, 18 February 2017 7 The Guardian, 6 September 2016 8 Ibid. 9 The Economist, 23 January 2016 10 Stephen Nickell (SERC, CEP, Nuffield College, University of Oxford) and Jumana Saleheen (Bank of England), ‘The Impact of Immigration on Occupational Wages: Evidence from Britain’, Spatial Economics Research Centre discussion paper 34, October 2009 11 The Economist, 23 January 2016 12 Ibid. 13 BBC2, Stewart Lee Comedy Vehicle, 8 March 2014 14 Tony Blair speech, Bloomberg, London, 17 February 2017 15 Jan-Werner Müller, The Guardian, 2 September 2016, and What is Populism?

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Starr, The (Gormley) ref1 defections ref1 Democratic Party of Italy (PD) ref1 Democratic Party (US) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5–ref6, ref7, ref8–ref9, ref10, ref11–ref12, ref13, ref14 Denmark ref1, ref2, ref3–ref4 Dole, Bob ref1 Donoughue, Bernard ref1 Duffy, Gillian ref1 Duncan Smith, Iain ref1 Ecclestone, Bernie ref1 Economist, The ref1, ref2 education ref1 Erdogan, Recep Tayyip ref1 Errejón, Íñigo ref1, ref2, ref3 European Central Bank ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 European Stability Mechanism ref1 European Union (EU) ref1, ref2–ref3, ref4–ref5, ref6–ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10–ref11 free movement ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 immigrants ref1–ref2 refugees ref1, ref2–ref3 see also Brexit eurosceptics ref1, ref2, ref3 eurozone ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6 Evening Standard ref1 Exchange Rate Mechanism ref1 expenses scandal (UK) ref1–ref2 Facebook ref1, ref2 ‘fake news’ ref1, ref2–ref3, ref4 Farage, Nigel ref1, ref2–ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11 Fawcett, Edmund ref1 Faymann, Werner ref1–ref2 Fillon, François ref1 financial crash (2008) ref1, ref2, ref3–ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7–ref8, ref9–ref10, ref11–ref12, ref13, ref14 Financial Times ref1, ref2, ref3 Finkelstein, Daniel ref1 ‘fiscal cliff’ ref1 Five Star Movement of Italy (M5S) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4–ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8 Flynn, Michael ref1 Forbes magazine ref1 ‘forgotten middle class’ ref1 Forsyth, James ref1 Forza Italia party ref1, ref2, ref3 Fowler, Norman ref1 France ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9–ref10, ref11, ref12–ref13, ref14, ref15 corruption ref1–ref2 media ref1–ref2 presidential election (2017) ref1–ref2 terrorist attacks (2015) ref1 Free Democratic Party (Germany) ref1 Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7 Front National (France) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4–ref5 policies ref1 G8 (Group of Eight) ref1 G20 London summit (2009) ref1–ref2 Gaddafi, Colonel Muammar ref1 Gauland, Alexander ref1 generational divide ref1 Germany ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5–ref6, ref7–ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12 grand coalition ref1–ref2 media ref1–ref2 refugee crisis ref1, ref2, ref3–ref4, ref5–ref6, ref7–ref8, ref9–ref10 ‘Third Way’ ref1–ref2 trust ref1–ref2 Gillard, Julia ref1, ref2 Gilligan, Andrew ref1–ref2 globalization ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6–ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11–ref12, ref13, ref14 Goldman Sachs ref1 Google ref1–ref2 Gormley, Ken ref1 Gould, Philip ref1 Gove, Michael ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4 Greece ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6–ref7, ref8–ref9, ref10–ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14 economic crisis ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 general election (2015) ref1–ref2 referendum (2015) ref1–ref2 Green Party (Austria) ref1, ref2, ref3 Green Party (Germany) ref1, ref2 Green Party (Holland) ref1 Grillo, Beppe ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 Guardian, The ref1 Hague, William ref1, ref2 Haines, Joe ref1 Hammond, Philip ref1 Hanson, Pauline ref1–ref2 Have I Got News for You ref1 Heath, Edward ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4–ref5 Heffer, Simon ref1 Hillbilly Elegy (Vance) ref1 Hobbs, Gabe ref1 Hofer, Norbert ref1, ref2, ref3 Holland ref1, ref2–ref3, ref4 Hollande, François ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7 Howard, Michael ref1, ref2, ref3 Humphrys, John ref1, ref2–ref3 Hungary ref1 Hunt, Tristram ref1 ‘identity politics’ ref1–ref2 Iglesias Turrión, Pablo ref1, ref2–ref3 immigration/immigrants ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4–ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10–ref11, ref12 Australian ‘points system’ ref1 students ref1–ref2 United Kingdom ref1–ref2 see also asylum-seekers incomes policy ref1–ref2 Independent, The ref1–ref2, ref3 International Monetary Fund (IMF) ref1, ref2 Iraq War (2003–11) ref1–ref2, ref3 Islam/Islamism ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Italy ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4–ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9–ref10, ref11, ref12–ref13 corruption ref1 media ref1 James, Diane ref1 Jenkins, Roy ref1–ref2 job definition ref1–ref2 job markets ref1 Jobbik party (Hungary) ref1 Johnson, Boris ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4 Johnson, Lyndon B. ref1 Jospin, Lionel ref1, ref2 Katz, Ian ref1 Kearns Goodwin, Doris ref1 Keegan, William ref1 Keynesian solution ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Kielinger, Thomas ref1 Kind of Blue (Clarke) ref1 King, Sir Mervyn ref1, ref2, ref3 Kinnock, Neil ref1, ref2, ref3 Kjærsgaard, Pia ref1 Kristol, William ref1 Krugman, Paul ref1 labour markets ref1, ref2 Labour Party (Holland) ref1 Labour Party (UK) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8–ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14–ref15, ref16, ref17–ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22–ref23 annual conference (2005) ref1–ref2 defections ref1 general election (1992) ref1 general election (2010) ref1 general election (2015) ref1–ref2 leadership contest (2015) ref1–ref2 New Labour ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4 Scottish Labour Party ref1 Lafontaine, Oskar ref1 Lawson, Nigel ref1 Le Pen, Jean-Marie ref1, ref2 Le Pen, Marine ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8 Lee, Stewart ref1 Left Bloc (Portugal) ref1, ref2–ref3 Left Party (Germany) ref1 left-wing outsiders ref1–ref2 Lega Nord (Northern League) ref1, ref2 Lehman Brothers ref1, ref2 Letta, Enrico ref1 Lewinsky, Monica ref1 Liberal Democrats (UK) ref1, ref2, ref3 liberalism ref1–ref2, ref3 Liberalism: The Life of an Idea (Fawcett) ref1 Limbaugh, Rush ref1–ref2 Living Wage ref1 local politics ref1–ref2 London, UK ref1–ref2 McBride, Damian ref1 McDonnell, John ref1 McGovern, John ref1 Maastricht Treaty ref1 Macron, Emmanuel ref1 Mail on Sunday, The ref1, ref2 Major, John ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5–ref6, ref7–ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11–ref12 Mandelson, Peter ref1, ref2 Marlow, Alexander ref1 Martins, Catarina ref1–ref2 Masood, Khalid ref1 May, Theresa ref1, ref2, ref3–ref4, ref5, ref6–ref7 media ref1–ref2, ref3–ref4 Merkel, Angela ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8–ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13 and refugee crisis ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5–ref6, ref7–ref8, ref9 and ‘trust’ ref1–ref2 Miliband, David ref1 Miliband, Ed ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4–ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8–ref9, ref10, ref11 Mitterrand, François ref1–ref2 Mondale, Walter ref1 Monti, Mario ref1, ref2 Mouffe, Chantal ref1–ref2, ref3 Müller, Jan-Werner ref1, ref2 Murdoch, Rupert ref1 Nandy, Lisa ref1–ref2 National Alliance (AN) (Italy) ref1 National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) ref1–ref2 National Health Service (NHS) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6–ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10 National Review ref1 Netherlands see Holland New European, The ref1 New Labour ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8 New Statesman ref1, ref2 New York ref1 New York Times, The ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6–ref7, ref8 New Yorker, The ref1, ref2 Newsnight ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 newspapers ref1–ref2 Nickell, Stephen ref1 Nilsson, Niclas ref1 North American Free Trade Agreement ref1–ref2 Northern Ireland ref1 Northern League (Lega Nord) (Italy) ref1 Nuttall, Paul ref1, ref2 Obama, Barack ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6–ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16 G20 summit (2009) ref1–ref2, and globalization ref1–ref2, Obamacare ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4–ref5 State of the Union Address (2011) ref1–ref2 Observer, The ref1 Occupy movement ref1 Oliver, Jamie ref1 One Nation party (Australia) ref1 Osborne, George ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 as chancellor ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5–ref6 general election (2015) ref1–ref2 Party for Freedom (Holland) ref1, ref2–ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6 party leaders ref1–ref2 party unity ref1–ref2 Pasok (Greece) ref1–ref2 Path to Prosperity, The (Ryan) ref1 Pence, Mike ref1 People of Liberty (PDL) (Italy) ref1 People’s Party of Spain (PP) ref1, ref2–ref3 Pethokoukis, James ref1 Petry, Frauke ref1, ref2, ref3–ref4, ref5–ref6 Podemos (Spain) ref1–ref2, ref3–ref4, ref5, ref6 Poirier, Agnès ref1 Poland ref1 ‘political cross-dressing’ ref1, ref2 political inexperience ref1–ref2 Portugal ref1, ref2, ref3–ref4, ref5, ref6 general election (2015) ref1 post-truth era ref1–ref2 Powell, Colin ref1 property ownership ref1 protectionism ref1, ref2 public-spending cuts ref1, ref2, ref3 qualifications for leadership ref1 Question Time ref1, ref2 racism ref1 ‘radical centre’ ref1, ref2, ref3 Raggi, Virginia ref1 Rajoy, Mariano ref1–ref2 Reagan, Ronald ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6 ‘Reaganomics’ ref1, ref2 referendums ref1–ref2, ref3–ref4, ref5, ref6–ref7 refugees ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5–ref6, ref7–ref8 see also asylum-seekers ‘Remain’ campaign ref1–ref2, ref3 Remnick, David ref1 Renzi, Matteo ref1–ref2, ref3 Republican Party (US) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10–ref11, ref12–ref13, ref14, ref15–ref16, ref17 Rice, Condoleezza ref1 right-wing outsiders ref1–ref2 Robart, James ref1 Rosen, Jay ref1 Rubio, Marco ref1 Rudd, Kevin ref1, ref2, ref3 Rumsfeld, Donald ref1 Russia ref1 Rutte, Mark ref1–ref2 Ryan, Paul ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 Ryley, John ref1–ref2 Saddam Hussein ref1–ref2 Saleheen, Jumana ref1 Salmond, Alex ref1 Salvini, Matteo ref1, ref2 Samaras, Antonis ref1 Sánchez, Pedro ref1 Sanders, Bernie ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4–ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12–ref13 Sarkozy, Nicolas ref1, ref2–ref3, ref4–ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8 Scaramucci, Anthony ref1 Scarlett, Sir John ref1, ref2 Schroeder, Gerhard ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Schulz, Martin ref1, ref2, ref3 Scotland ref1, ref2, ref3–ref4, ref5 Scottish nationalism ref1, ref2 Scottish National Party (SNP) ref1, ref2, ref3–ref4, ref5 self-deprecation ref1–ref2 ‘shock jocks’ ref1–ref2 Skaarup, Peter ref1 Sky News ref1 ‘sleaze’ ref1–ref2 slogans ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4 Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) ref1, ref2–ref3 Social Democratic Party (SPD) (Germany) ref1, ref2, ref3–ref4 Social Democratic Party (SDP) (UK) ref1 Social Democrats (Denmark) ref1 social media ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4–ref5 socialism ref1 Spain ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4–ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8–ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12–ref13 general election (2015) ref1–ref2 Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (PSOE) ref1, ref2 Spectator magazine ref1, ref2 Starr, Kenneth ref1–ref2 Stephens, Philip ref1, ref2 Strache, Heinz-Christian ref1–ref2 Strictly Come Dancing ref1 Sturgeon, Nicola ref1 Summers, Larry ref1 Sun, The ref1, ref2 Sunday Times, The ref1 ‘superbanks’ ref1 ‘Sure Start’ initiative ref1 Sweden ref1 Sweden Democrats ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 ‘swingometer’ ref1 Swiss People’s party ref1 Syriza (Greece) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8–ref9, ref10 ‘taking back control’ ref1, ref2–ref3, ref4 Tapper, Jake ref1 Tauber, Peter ref1 tax credits ref1–ref2 tax rates ref1, ref2 Tea Party (US) ref1–ref2, ref3–ref4 technological revolutions ref1, ref2–ref3 Teneo Intelligence ref1 terrorism ref1 Thatcher, Margaret ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5–ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9 Thatcherism ref1, ref2, ref3 ‘Third Way’ ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4–ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8 Thompson, Mark ref1 Times, The ref1 Today programme ref1–ref2, ref3 Trans-Pacific Partnership ref1–ref2 transport ref1–ref2 Trudeau, Justin ref1 True Finns ref1 Trump, Donald ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9–ref10, ref11, ref12–ref13, ref14, ref15–ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20–ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29 and climate change ref1 and globalization ref1–ref2 and immigration ref1 and the media ref1, ref2–ref3, ref4, ref5–ref6, ref7 policies ref1, ref2, ref3–ref4 as president ref1–ref2, ref3–ref4 presidential campaign ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4–ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8 and trust ref1, ref2–ref3, ref4 ‘trust’ ref1, ref2–ref3 Tsipras, Alexis ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6 Turkey ref1 Turnbull, Malcolm ref1–ref2 Twitter ref1–ref2, ref3–ref4, ref5, ref6–ref7, ref8 Uber ref1–ref2 UK Independence Party (UKIP) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7–ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13 defections ref1 immigration ref1 leadership contests ref1, ref2 policies ref1 Umunna, Chuka ref1 unemployment ref1–ref2, ref3 United Kingdom ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5–ref6, ref7–ref8, ref9, ref10–ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15–ref16, ref17, ref18–ref19, ref20–ref21 Brexit referendum (2016) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8–ref9, ref10–ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16–ref17, ref18–ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23–ref24, ref25 coalition government ref1–ref2, ref3–ref4 European elections (2014) ref1 expenses scandal ref1 general election (1979) ref1 general election (1992) ref1, ref2 general election (1997) ref1 general election (2005) ref1 general election (2010) ref1 general election (2015) ref1, ref2, ref3–ref4, ref5–ref6 immigration ref1–ref2, ref3–ref4 media ref1–ref2, ref3–ref4, ref5–ref6 ‘Third Way’ ref1–ref2 trust ref1–ref2, ref3–ref4 Westminster terrorist attack (2017) ref1–ref2 see also Brexit; Labour Party (UK); UK Independence Party United States ref1, ref2, ref3–ref4, ref5, ref6–ref7, ref8–ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12–ref13, ref14–ref15, ref16–ref17 media ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4–ref5, ref6 party nominations ref1–ref2, ref3 presidential election (2016) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4–ref5, ref6, ref7–ref8, ref9–ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17–ref18, ref19, ref20–ref21, ref22, ref23–ref24, ref25 trust ref1–ref2, ref3 State of the Union Address (2011) ref1–ref2 see also Democratic Party; Republican Party Van der Bellen, Alexander ref1 Vance, J.

No Shortcuts: Organizing for Power in the New Gilded Age by Jane F. McAlevey

"RICO laws" OR "Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations", affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Albert Einstein, anti-communist, antiwork, call centre, clean water, collective bargaining, emotional labour, feminist movement, gentrification, hiring and firing, immigration reform, independent contractor, informal economy, Mark Zuckerberg, mass incarceration, Naomi Klein, new economy, no-fly zone, Occupy movement, precariat, Right to Buy, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, single-payer health, The Chicago School, union organizing, Upton Sinclair, vertical integration, women in the workforce

They, along with most community-based organizations and now, unfortunately, unions as well, label as a leader just about anyone who enthusiastically shows up at two successive meetings (even one sometimes), making the words activist and leader interchangeable. It’s an egalitarian impulse, as is the aversion to power. The Occupy movement has muddied this discussion even more with its talk of “leaderless movements” and “horizontalism.” But in any strategy for building power, all people are not the same. Given the $50 million ($330 million today) that the CCHD began granting in the early 1970s to the organizations and groups that carried on Alinsky’s work, it’s not surprising that Alinsky-based thinking has dominated the field coming out of the New Left period.

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According to Sharkey: The old guard were Shankerites, basically unrepentant business unionists who thought that contracts were tough sometimes but we could win them by having a big hand on the table and making deals by talking tough, but we began to ask aloud, How’s that going to work with Rahm? He’s not coming to make deals, he’s coming to fight. The new leaders were changing the conversation about how a contract should be won, and they were acting like a union by involving all the members in the discussion. The Occupy movement had just surfaced on the heels of the spring 2011 uprising in Wisconsin, which was led by Midwestern teachers with many ties to Chicago. Every month, the CTU and CORE mobilized activists to attend the CPS school board meetings and to challenge the board during the period of open public comments on the agenda, which is required by law.

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See also Smithfield Foods African American vote in, 175–76 immigration in, 149, 158 median income and wage in, 143–44, 178 Moral Mondays movement in, 143, 168, 177 union membership in, 144, 152 nursing home unionization. See also homecare workers 1199NE approach to, 71–72, 84–88, 90, 92, 93t, 95–100, 202 Local 775 approach to, 73–77, 80–84, 92, 94t, 95–100, 209 strikes and employer reaction in, 216n17 Obama, Barack, 41, 172, 176, 208, 217n27 Occupy movement, 48, 130 O’Dell, Jack, 31, 216n6 oligarchy, 25, 32, 105, 108, 112 Olney, Peter, 51, 154 organic leaders activist approach compared to, 122, 123 characteristics of, 34, 36, 80 in CIO model, 19, 34, 92–93 compared to grassroots activists, 12t identification of, 19, 34, 35–37, 47–48, 60, 97–98, 197–98, 209 leadership development and, 13, 209 mobilizing approach and, 65–66 power structure analysis for, 5–6 power theory of, 8–9 risk assessment and actions of, 36–37 in Smithfield Foods unionization fight, 160–62 social class of, 12 structure-based approach focus on, 14 structure test for, 35, 39 “organizer-leader,” 46–47, 49, 209 organizers, 46 faith-based, 14–15 leaders compared to, 209 “left,” 32–35, 38, 39, 41 struggle’s role in development of, 85, 155, 176 worker preparation by, 89–92 organizing model.

When the Money Runs Out: The End of Western Affluence by Stephen D. King

Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, Apollo 11, Asian financial crisis, asset-backed security, banking crisis, Basel III, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, bond market vigilante , British Empire, business cycle, capital controls, central bank independence, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collateralized debt obligation, congestion charging, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, crony capitalism, cross-subsidies, currency risk, debt deflation, Deng Xiaoping, Diane Coyle, endowment effect, eurozone crisis, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial innovation, financial repression, fixed income, floating exchange rates, Ford Model T, full employment, George Akerlof, German hyperinflation, Glass-Steagall Act, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, income per capita, inflation targeting, invisible hand, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, joint-stock company, junk bonds, Kickstarter, liquidationism / Banker’s doctrine / the Treasury view, liquidity trap, London Interbank Offered Rate, loss aversion, low interest rates, market clearing, mass immigration, Minsky moment, moral hazard, mortgage debt, Neil Armstrong, new economy, New Urbanism, Nick Leeson, Northern Rock, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, old age dependency ratio, price mechanism, price stability, quantitative easing, railway mania, rent-seeking, reserve currency, rising living standards, risk free rate, Savings and loan crisis, seminal paper, South Sea Bubble, sovereign wealth fund, technology bubble, The Market for Lemons, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, Tobin tax, too big to fail, trade route, trickle-down economics, Washington Consensus, women in the workforce, working-age population

In effect, the already rich became the super-rich. Admittedly, others ended up better off, but the gap between rich and not-so-rich widened enormously. The spoils of US economic success went mostly to those who already were very well off.8 It's no wonder that, following the financial crisis, the Occupy movement has become so popular. For the UK, the top 1 per cent of income earners saw their share reach a trough of around 6 per cent in the mid-1970s. Thereafter, the share rose dramatically, reaching a peak of over 15 per cent in 2007, close to ratios last seen before the Second World War. On this particular metric, the UK is not so different from Argentina.

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Does that mistrust then destroy the innovative culture that, while contributing to financial bubbles and high levels of income inequality, ultimately allows living standards to rise for the many, not the few? THE SECOND SCHISM: GROWING OLD DISGRACEFULLY Income inequality may be the issue that grabs headlines, not least thanks to the efforts of the Occupy movement, whether on Wall Street, outside the San Francisco Federal Reserve or in a campsite outside London's St Paul's Cathedral. There is, however, a second schism that, ultimately, may be more problematic because, within our democratic framework, it is so difficult to deal with. We are on the verge of an intergenerational war.

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(i) Knickerbocker Trust Company (i) Korea (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) Krugman, Paul (i), (ii), (iii) labour market (i), (ii) productivity (i) Landes, David (i) Latin American debt crisis (i) Layard, Richard (i), (ii) Lehman Brothers (i), (ii) Leveson inquiry (i) Libor (i) life expectancy (i) liquidity (i), (ii) liquidity trap (i) Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) (i) Little Dorrit (Dickens) (i) living standards (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) belief in ever rising (i), (ii) China (i) Indonesia (i) Japan (i) Korea (i) late 19th century (i), (ii) Malaysia (i) post-Second World War (i) US (i), (ii) loan-to-value ratios, mortgage (i) Long Depression (i) loss aversion (i) lotteries (i) Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure (MIP) (i) macroeconomic policies (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) Japan (i) macroprudential rules (i) Madoff, Bernie (i) Mahathir Mohamad (i), (ii) Malaysia (i), (ii), (iii) Malthus, Thomas (i) Manchester United (i) Marr, Wilhelm (i) Marx, Karl (i), (ii) Mary Poppins (i) May Report (i) Megawati Sukarnoputri (i) Mellon, Andrew (i), (ii) Mexico (i) Mieno, Yasushi (i) miners (i) Mississippi (i) mistrust creditors and debtors (i) cross-border (i) endemic (i) governments (i), (ii) of money (i) and political extremism (i) monetarism (i) monetary policy (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi) a new monetary framework (i) see also Gold Standard; interest rates; quantitative easing (QE) Monetary Policy Committee (i) monetary unions (i) see also eurozone moral hazard (i) mortgage-backed securities (i), (ii), (iii) mortgages (i), (ii) Napoleon Bonaparte (i) Napoleon III (i) National Bank of North America (i) national incomes (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) Germany (i) Japan (i) UK (i), (ii), (iii) US (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) National Lottery (i) nationalism (i) the Netherlands (i) New Deal (i) ‘new economy’ of the 1990s (i) New Order (Indonesia) (i) New Zealand (i) Nicholson, Viv (i) Nigeria (i) Northern Rock (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) Norway (i) Occupy movement (i), (ii) Office for Budget Responsibility (i) Oliver Twist (Dickens) (i) Osborne, George (i) Overend, Gurney and Co. (i) painkillers (i), (ii) ‘The Panic of 1873’ (i) Paul, Ron (i) Peasants' Revolt (i) Pension Protection Fund (PPF) (i) pensioners' voting patterns (i) pensions (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) per capita incomes (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) Argentina and Germany (i) China (i) France (i), (ii) Germany (i), (ii) India (i), (ii) Indonesia (i) Japan (i) Korea (i) Malaysia (i) UK (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) US (i), (ii), (iii) Perón, Eva (i) Perón, Juan (i) Pew Center report (i) Pickett, Kate (i) Pigou, Arthur (i) policies and central bankers (i) fiscal (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) macroeconomic (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi) monetary (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi) new monetary framework (i) political extremism (i) politics and central bankers (i), (ii), (iii) and economics (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) and the eurozone (i), (ii) and expectations (i) and income inequality (i) and lack of trust (i), (ii) and monetary regimes (i) voters (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) poll tax (i) populations, ageing (i), (ii), (iii) age-related expenditure (i) generational divide (i), (ii), (iii) Germany (i) Japan (i), (ii) Portugal (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) precious metal standards (i) see also Gold Standard prices asset (i) commodity (i), (ii), (iii) rising (i) see also deflation; inflation property sector see housing markets protectionism (i) capital controls (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) tariffs (i) Protestant work ethic (i), (ii) public sector see governments public spending (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) government spending (i), (ii), (iii) social spending (i) quantitative easing (QE) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) ratings agencies (i) rationing (i), (ii) recessions (i) recovery from the Asian crisis (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) UK in the 1930s (i) redistribution by stealth (i) Reform Acts (i), (ii) regulation (i), (ii) dangers of further (i), (ii) dollar transactions (i) reduction (i) the regulatory trap (i) Statute of Labourers (i) renminbi (currency) (i) Réveillon, Jean-Baptiste (i) Ricardo, David (i) Richard II (i) ringgit (currency) (i) risk and banks (i) creditors and debtors imbalance (i) and financial services (i) and rapid economic change (i) risk aversion (i) Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) Royal Bank of Scotland (i) Royal Navy (i) Russia (i), (ii) Rwanda (i) Samuel, Herbert (i) Saudi Arabia (i), (ii) savers and banks (i) confidence (i) and illusions (i) and income inequality (i) and interest rates (i), (ii), (iii) and the subprime boom (i) schisms between debtors and creditors (i), (ii) generational (i) income inequality (i) Schwartz, Anna (i), (ii), (iii) second-hand car market (i) Sierra Leone (i) silver standard (i) SIVs (structured investment vehicles) (i) Skidelsky, R. and E.

Democracy at Work: A Cure for Capitalism by Richard D. Wolff

asset-backed security, Bear Stearns, Bernie Madoff, business cycle, collective bargaining, Credit Default Swap, declining real wages, feminist movement, financial intermediation, Glass-Steagall Act, green new deal, Howard Zinn, income inequality, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, laissez-faire capitalism, means of production, military-industrial complex, moral hazard, mortgage debt, Occupy movement, Ponzi scheme, profit maximization, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, Ronald Reagan, too big to fail, trickle-down economics, wage slave, women in the workforce, Works Progress Administration

These included concentration of capital into ever-larger units, rampant financialization, and imperialism (rechristened as “globalization” to mask the steady relocation of manufacturing and then service-sector jobs out of the United States), as well as wars, speculative bubbles, and massive capitalist crises. Anger and frustration accumulated on the left. With the stunningly rapid national and even international spread of the Occupy Wall Street movement in late 2011, an explicit protest movement began to crystallize. The Occupy movement broke through decades of left resignation about the possibility and potential mass support for challenging the resurgence of private capitalism. The Occupy critique focused on capitalism’s unacceptable concentration of wealth and power. It explicitly welcomed and articulated direct challenges to capitalism.

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Graduate economics programs elevate such utopian claims into formalized models that claim to show how and why capitalism yields a general optimally efficient equilibrium that maximizes the welfare of all market participants.† The organic intellectuals of the WSDE movement can present both practical possibilities (as in section 10.1 above) and utopian visions of a socialism that is far more democratic than the standard examples from the twentieth century. By doing so, they may be able to persuade the Occupy movement and the millions it has engaged that WSDEs belong on the agenda for social change. The program for increased WSDEs needs to support and build—in universities, labor unions, social movements, and beyond—the meetings, discussions, courses, and centers that can generate and train organic intellectuals. 11.5 A New Independent Political Party As WSDEs grow and proliferate, they will acquire and develop organic intellectuals who produce and elaborate their criticisms of capitalism and their programs for social alternatives.

The Revolt of the Public and the Crisis of Authority in the New Millennium by Martin Gurri

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, anti-communist, Arthur Eddington, Ayatollah Khomeini, bitcoin, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Black Swan, Burning Man, business cycle, citizen journalism, Climategate, Climatic Research Unit, collective bargaining, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, currency manipulation / currency intervention, dark matter, David Graeber, death of newspapers, disinformation, Eddington experiment, en.wikipedia.org, Erik Brynjolfsson, facts on the ground, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Frederick Winslow Taylor, full employment, Great Leap Forward, housing crisis, income inequality, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invention of writing, job-hopping, military-industrial complex, Mohammed Bouazizi, Nate Silver, Occupy movement, Port of Oakland, Republic of Letters, Ronald Reagan, scientific management, Skype, Steve Jobs, the scientific method, The Signal and the Noise by Nate Silver, too big to fail, traveling salesman, University of East Anglia, urban renewal, War on Poverty, We are the 99%, WikiLeaks, Yochai Benkler, young professional

An inconclusive debate began among the elites about the meaning of it all: whether the crowds in the street were a symptom of political health or sickness. In the next few days, an “assembly” of Madrid protesters voted to “take” the large plaza called Puerta del Sol – it became their version of Tahrir Square. The move would inspire a rash of “Occupy” movements in the US, Britain, and elsewhere. The Spanish protesters called themselves the “15-M movement,” from the date of the first demonstration, but they were better known as the indignados: the outraged. The label had been borrowed from a pamphlet by a 93-year-old French writer, Stéphane Hessel, whose message to young people was, “It’s time to get angry!”

…

Zapatero and his party never resolved this fundamental dilemma. Netanyahu, the free marketeer, responded by swallowing his principles and addressing the more concrete complaints coming out of Rothschild Boulevard. His government moved with unusual tactical speed, and may well have survived for this reason. In the US, the Occupy movement never remotely threatened the Federal government. City governments, almost all of them run by liberal Democratic politicians, struggled to assume the proper posture toward local occupations. Even New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, a billionaire and “one percenter” if ever there was one, relied on technicalities first to tolerate then to shut down Zuccotti Park.

…

On occasion, President Obama was asked by the media for his opinion of the Occupy groups. He invariably responded with sympathy for the protesters, whose grievances he identified with the economic problems that had won him the presidency in 2008. Here is a fairly typical statement from the president: “I think it [the Occupy movement] expresses the frustrations the American people feel, that we had the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression, huge collateral damage all throughout the country… and yet you’re still seeing some of the same folks who acted irresponsibly trying to fight efforts to crack down on the abusive practices that got us into this in the first place.”[73] To underline the message, the White House, on October 16, proclaimed that President Obama was “working for the interests of the 99 percent.”[74] It may seem puzzling for a sitting president to embrace a movement which repudiated the legitimacy of government because it was run by corporations.

New Power: How Power Works in Our Hyperconnected World--And How to Make It Work for You by Jeremy Heimans, Henry Timms

"Susan Fowler" uber, "World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, 4chan, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, algorithmic management, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, battle of ideas, benefit corporation, Benjamin Mako Hill, Big Tech, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, British Empire, Chris Wanstrath, Columbine, Corn Laws, crowdsourcing, data science, David Attenborough, death from overwork, Donald Trump, driverless car, Elon Musk, fake news, Ferguson, Missouri, future of work, game design, gig economy, hiring and firing, holacracy, hustle culture, IKEA effect, impact investing, income inequality, informal economy, job satisfaction, John Zimmer (Lyft cofounder), Jony Ive, Kevin Roose, Kibera, Kickstarter, Lean Startup, Lyft, Mark Zuckerberg, Minecraft, Network effects, new economy, Nicholas Carr, obamacare, Occupy movement, post-truth, profit motive, race to the bottom, radical decentralization, ride hailing / ride sharing, rolling blackouts, rolodex, Salesforce, Saturday Night Live, sharing economy, side hustle, Silicon Valley, six sigma, Snapchat, social web, subscription business, TaskRabbit, tech billionaire, TED Talk, the scientific method, transaction costs, Travis Kalanick, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, upwardly mobile, web application, WikiLeaks, Yochai Benkler

After a significant public backlash, with black users sharing their experiences alongside the hashtag #AirbnbWhileBlack, in 2016 the company announced a series of measures to fight this kind of discrimination. But notably, they resisted calls to anonymize names and profile pictures because “profile photos are essential to Airbnb’s overall mission of building a community.” Who calls the shots? When members of the Occupy movement in Zuccotti Park made decisions, they gathered for what they called the “general assembly.” Decisions required almost complete consensus among hundreds or even thousands of people via an elaborate system of hand gestures: waggling fingers for agreement, limp wrists to the floor for disagreement, crossed fists for an outright veto on a proposal.

…

Bankers were being cast as villains in the collapse of the economy. Youth unemployment had reached a staggering 43 percent. Public squares were full of demonstrations. Out of the tension emerged the Indignados (or 15-M) movement—a mass protest of Spain’s budget cuts and a precursor to the broader Occupy movement that would rattle the world that fall. It was new, exciting, and full of possibility. As The Guardian reported at the time, “City square by city square, individual meeting by individual meeting, thousands of citizens have come together in a networked approach to politics that is fresh and engaging because it defies, above anything else, the hierarchical approach favored by vested interests.”

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* * * — Four months before the Indignados movement broke out, two thousand miles away Wael Ghonim was launching his own assault on the establishment. He was an administrator of the “We Are All Khaled Said” Facebook page that sparked the Egyptian chapter in the Arab Spring. Yet this surge of new power, like the Indignados and Occupy movements, would dissipate. In Egypt, the unrest of the revolution presented opportunities for old power forces—more despotic than those they replaced—to grab control. As Ghonim recalled in a 2015 TED Talk, “I once said, ‘If you want to liberate a society, all you need is the Internet.’ I was wrong.” Ghonim, looking back, believes that the distributed leadership and social networks of the Egyptian protest movement actually served to weaken rather than strengthen it.

Nervous States: Democracy and the Decline of Reason by William Davies

active measures, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Amazon Web Services, Anthropocene, bank run, banking crisis, basic income, Black Lives Matter, Brexit referendum, business cycle, Cambridge Analytica, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, citizen journalism, Climategate, Climatic Research Unit, Colonization of Mars, continuation of politics by other means, creative destruction, credit crunch, data science, decarbonisation, deep learning, DeepMind, deindustrialization, digital divide, discovery of penicillin, Dominic Cummings, Donald Trump, drone strike, Elon Musk, failed state, fake news, Filter Bubble, first-past-the-post, Frank Gehry, gig economy, government statistician, housing crisis, income inequality, Isaac Newton, Jeff Bezos, Jeremy Corbyn, Johannes Kepler, Joseph Schumpeter, knowledge economy, loss aversion, low skilled workers, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, mass immigration, meta-analysis, Mont Pelerin Society, mutually assured destruction, Northern Rock, obamacare, Occupy movement, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, Paris climate accords, pattern recognition, Peace of Westphalia, Peter Thiel, Philip Mirowski, planetary scale, post-industrial society, post-truth, quantitative easing, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, Richard Florida, road to serfdom, Robert Mercer, Ronald Reagan, sentiment analysis, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley startup, smart cities, Social Justice Warrior, statistical model, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, tacit knowledge, the scientific method, Turing machine, Uber for X, universal basic income, University of East Anglia, Valery Gerasimov, W. E. B. Du Bois, We are the 99%, WikiLeaks, women in the workforce, zero-sum game

There are too many voices who don’t want them to be defined in that way, including the organizers, speakers, and members of large gatherings. A neutral objective perspective is hard to come by and difficult to defend. Public rallies are as old as politics itself. But they have taken on a fresh sense of purpose since the global financial crisis of 2007–9, especially on the left. The Occupy movement that emerged in 2011 to protest against the banks made public assembly its central political purpose, and took the cold, scientific language of statistics and turned it into a mobilizing identity with the famous slogan “we are the 99%.” Left-wing leaders, such as Alexis Tsipras in Greece, Pablo Iglesias in Spain and Jeremy Corbyn in the UK, have placed renewed political emphasis on the ability to bring large numbers of people together in public spaces.

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., Martin Luther, 21, 224 knowledge economy, 84, 85, 88, 151–2, 217 known knowns, 132, 138 Koch, Charles and David, 154, 164, 174 Korean War (1950–53), 178 Kraepelin, Emil, 139 Kurzweil, Ray, 183–4 Labour Party, 5, 6, 65, 80, 81, 221 Lagarde, Christine, 64 Le Bon, Gustave, 8–12, 13, 15, 16, 20, 24, 25, 38 Le Pen, Marine, 27, 79, 87, 92, 101–2 Leadbeater, Charles, 84 Leeds, West Yorkshire, 85 Leicester, Leicestershire, 85 Leviathan (Hobbes), 34, 39, 45 liberal elites, 20, 58, 88, 89, 161 libertarianism, 15, 151, 154, 158, 164, 173, 196, 209, 226 Liberty Fund, 158 Libya, 143 lie-detection technology, 136 life expectancy, 62, 68–71, 72, 92, 100–101, 115, 224 Lindemann, Frederick Alexander, 1st Viscount Cherwell, 138 Lloyds Bank, 29 London, England bills of mortality, 68–71, 75, 79–80, 81, 89, 127 Blitz (1940–41), 119, 143, 180 EU referendum (2016), 85 Great Fire (1666), 67 Grenfell Tower fire (2017), 10 and gross domestic product (GDP), 77, 78 housing crisis, 84 insurance sector, 59 knowledge economy, 84 life expectancy, 100 newspapers, early, 48 Oxford Circus terror scare (2017), ix–x, xiii, 41 plagues, 67–71, 75, 79–80, 81, 89, 127 Unite for Europe march (2017), 23 London School of Economics (LSE), 160 loss aversion, 145 Louis XIV, King of France, 73, 127 Louisiana, United States, 151, 221 Ludwig von Mises Institute, 154 MacLean, Nancy, 158 Macron, Emmanuel, 33 mainstream media, 197 “Make America Great Again,” 76, 145 Manchester, England, 85 Mann, Geoff, 214 maps, 182 March For Our Lives (2018), 21 March for Science (2017), 23–5, 27, 28, 210, 211 marketing, 14, 139–41, 143, 148, 169 Mars, 175, 226 Marxism, 163 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 179 Mayer, Jane, 158 McCarthy, Joseph, 137 McGill Pain Questionnaire, 104 McKibben, William “Bill,” 213 Megaface, 188–9 memes, 15, 194 Menger, Carl, 154 mental illness, 103, 107–17, 139 mercenaries, 126 Mercer, Robert, 174, 175 Mexico, 145 Million-Man March (1995), 4 mind-reading technology, 136 see also telepathy Mirowski, Philip, 158 von Mises, Ludwig, 154–63, 166, 172, 173 Missing Migrants Project, 225 mobilization, 5, 7, 126–31 and Corbyn, 81 and elections, 81, 124 and experts, 27–8 and Internet, 15 and Le Bon’s crowd psychology, 11, 12, 16, 20 and loss, 145 and Napoleonic Wars, xv, 127–30, 141, 144 and Occupy movement, 5 and populism, 16, 22, 60 and violence, opposition to, 21 Moniteur Universel, Le, 142 monopoly on violence, 42 Mont Pelerin Society, 163, 164 moral emotion, 21 morphine, 105 multiculturalism, 84 Murs, Oliver “Olly,” ix Musk, Elon, 175, 176, 178, 183, 226 Nanchang, Jiangxi, 13 Napoleonic Wars (1803–15), 126–30 chappe system, 129, 182 and conscription, 87, 126–7, 129 and disruption, 170–71, 173, 174, 175, 226 and great leader ideal, 146–8 and intelligence, 134 and mobilization, xv, 126–30, 141, 144 and nationalism, 87, 128, 129, 144, 183, 211 and propaganda, 142 Russia, invasion of (1812), 128, 133 Spain, invasion of (1808), 128 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 23, 175 National Audit Office (NAO), 29–30 national citizenship, 71 National Defense Research Committee, 180 National Health Service (NHS), 30, 93 National Park Service, 4 National Security Agency (NSA), 152 national sovereignty, 34, 53 nationalism, 87, 141, 210–12 and conservatism, 144 and disempowerment, 118–19 and elites, 22–3, 60–61, 145 ethnic, 15 and health, 92, 211–12, 224 and imagined communities, 87 and inequality, 78 and loss, 145 and markets, 167 and promises, 221 and resentment, 145, 197, 198 and war, 7, 20–21, 118–19, 143–6, 210–11 nativism, 61 natural philosophy, 35–6 nature, 86 see also environment Nazi Germany (1933–45), 137, 138, 154 Netherlands, 48, 56, 129 Neurable, 176 neural networking, 216 Neuralink, 176 neurasthenia, 139 Neurath, Otto, 153–4, 157, 160 neurochemistry, 108, 111, 112 neuroimaging, 176–8, 181 Nevada, United States, 194 new atheism, 209 New Orleans, Louisiana, 151 New Right, 164 New York, United States and climate change, 205 and gross domestic product (GDP), 78 housing crisis, 84 JFK Airport terror scare (2016), x, xiii, 41 knowledge economy, 84 September 11 attacks (2001), 17, 18 New York Times, 3, 27, 85 newspapers, 48, 71 Newton, Isaac, 35 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 217 Nixon, Robert, 206 no-platforming, 22, 208 Nobel Prize, 158–9 non-combatants, 43, 143, 204 non-violence, 224 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 123, 145, 214 North Carolina, United States, 84 Northern Ireland, 43, 85 Northern League, 61 Northern Rock, 29 Norwich, Norfolk, 85 nostalgia, xiv, 143, 145, 210, 223 “Not in my name,” 27 nuclear weapons, 132, 135, 137, 180, 183, 192, 196, 204 nudge techniques, 13 Obama, Barack, 3, 24, 76, 77, 79, 158, 172 Obamacare, 172 objectivity, xiv, 13, 75, 136, 223 and crowd-based politics, 5, 7, 24–5 and death, 94 and Descartes, 37 and experts, trust in, 28, 32, 33, 51, 53, 64, 86, 89 and Hayek, 163, 164, 170 and markets, 169, 170 and photography, 8 and Scientific Revolution, 48, 49 and statistics, 72, 74, 75, 82, 88 and telepathic communication, 179 and war, 58, 125, 134, 135, 136, 146 Occupy movement, 5, 10, 24, 61 Oedipus complex, 109 Office for National Statistics, 63, 133 Ohio, United States, 116 oil crisis (1973), 166 “On Computable Numbers” (Turing), 181 On War (Clausewitz), 130 Open Society and Its Enemies, The (Popper), 171 opiates, 105, 116, 172–3 opinion polling, 65, 80–81, 191 Orbán, Viktor, 87, 146 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 72 Oxford, Oxfordshire, 85 Oxford Circus terror scare (2017), ix–x, xiii, 41 Oxford University, 56, 151 OxyContin, 105, 116 pacifism, 8, 20, 44, 151 pain, 102–19, 172–3, 224 see also chronic pain painkillers, 104, 105, 116, 172–3 Palantir, 151, 152, 175, 190 parabiosis, 149 Paris climate accord (2015), 205, 207 Paris Commune (1871), 8 Parkland attack (2018), 21 Patriot Act (2001), 137 Paul, Ronald, 154 PayPal, 149 Peace of Westphalia (1648), 34, 53 peer reviewing, 48, 139, 195, 208 penicillin, 94 Pentagon, 130, 132, 135, 136, 214, 216 pesticides, 205 Petty, William, 55–9, 67, 73, 85, 167 pharmacology, 142 Pielke Jr., Roger, 24, 25 Piketty, Thomas, 74 Pinker, Stephen, 207 plagues, 56, 67–71, 75, 79–80, 81, 89, 95 pleasure principle, 70, 109, 110, 224 pneumonia, 37, 67 Podemos, 5, 202 Poland, 20, 34, 60 Polanyi, Michael, 163 political anatomy, 57 Political Arithmetick (Petty), 58, 59 political correctness, 20, 27, 145 Popper, Karl, 163, 171 populism xvii, 211–12, 214, 220, 225–6 and central banks, 33 and crowd-based politics, 12 and democracy, 202 and elites/experts, 26, 33, 50, 152, 197, 210, 215 and empathy, 118 and health, 99, 101–2, 224–5 and immediate action, 216 in Kansas (1880s), 220 and markets, 167 and private companies, 174 and promises, 221 and resentment, 145 and statistics, 90 and unemployment, 88 and war, 148, 212 Porter, Michael, 84 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 111–14, 117, 209 post-truth, 167, 224 Potsdam Conference (1945), 138 power vs. violence, 19, 219 predictive policing, 151 presidential election, US (2016), xiv and climate change, 214 and data, 190 and education, 85 and free trade, 79 and health, 92, 99 and immigration, 79, 145 and inequality, 76–7 and Internet, 190, 197, 199 “Make America Great Again,” 76, 145 and opinion polling, 65, 80 and promises, 221 and relative deprivation, 88 and Russia, 199 and statistics, 63 and Yellen, 33 prisoners of war, 43 promises, 25, 31, 39–42, 45–7, 51, 52, 217–18, 221–2 Propaganda (Bernays), 14–15 propaganda, 8, 14–16, 83, 124–5, 141, 142, 143 property rights, 158, 167 Protestantism, 34, 35, 45, 215 Prussia (1525–1947), 8, 127–30, 133–4, 135, 142 psychiatry, 107, 139 psychoanalysis, 107, 139 Psychology of Crowds, The (Le Bon), 9–12, 13, 15, 16, 20, 24, 25 psychosomatic, 103 public-spending cuts, 100–101 punishment, 90, 92–3, 94, 95, 108 Purdue, 105 Putin, Vladimir, 145, 183 al-Qaeda, 136 quality of life, 74, 104 quantitative easing, 31–2, 222 quants, 190 radical statistics, 74 RAND Corporation, 183 RBS, 29 Reagan, Ronald, 15, 77, 154, 160, 163, 166 real-time knowledge, xvi, 112, 131, 134, 153, 154, 165–70 Reason Foundation, 158 Red Vienna, 154, 155 Rees-Mogg, Jacob, 33, 61 refugee crisis (2015–), 60, 225 relative deprivation, 88 representative democracy, 7, 12, 14–15, 25–8, 61, 202 Republican Party, 77, 79, 85, 154, 160, 163, 166, 172 research and development (R&D), 133 Research Triangle, North Carolina, 84 resentment, 5, 226 of elites/experts, 32, 52, 61, 86, 88–9, 161, 186, 201 and nationalism/populism, 5, 144–6, 148, 197, 198 and pain, 94 Ridley, Matt, 209 right to remain silent, 44 Road to Serfdom, The (Hayek), 160, 166 Robinson, Tommy, ix Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 52 Royal Exchange, 67 Royal Society, 48–52, 56, 68, 86, 133, 137, 186, 208, 218 Rumsfeld, Donald, 132 Russian Empire (1721–1917), 128, 133 Russian Federation (1991–) and artificial intelligence, 183 Gerasimov Doctrine, 43, 123, 125, 126 and information war, 196 life expectancy, 100, 115 and national humiliation, 145 Skripal poisoning (2018), 43 and social media, 15, 18, 199 troll farms, 199 Russian Revolution (1917), 155 Russian SFSR (1917–91), 132, 133, 135–8, 155, 177, 180, 182–3 safe spaces, 22, 208 Sands, Robert “Bobby,” 43 Saxony, 90 scarlet fever, 67 Scarry, Elaine, 102–3 scenting, 135, 180 Schneier, Bruce, 185 Schumpeter, Joseph, 156–7, 162 Scientific Revolution, 48–52, 62, 66, 95, 204, 207, 218 scientist, coining of term, 133 SCL, 175 Scotland, 64, 85, 172 search engines, xvi Second World War, see World War II securitization of loans, 218 seismology, 135 self-employment, 82 self-esteem, 88–90, 175, 212 self-harm, 44, 114–15, 117, 146, 225 self-help, 107 self-interest, 26, 41, 44, 61, 114, 141, 146 Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE), 180, 182, 200 sentiment analysis, xiii, 12–13, 140, 188 September 11 attacks (2001), 17, 18 shell shock, 109–10 Shrecker, Ted, 226 Silicon Fen, Cambridgeshire, 84 Silicon Valley, California, xvi, 219 and data, 55, 151, 185–93, 199–201 and disruption, 149–51, 175, 226 and entrepreneurship, 149–51 and fascism, 203 and immortality, 149, 183–4, 224, 226 and monopolies, 174, 220 and singularity, 183–4 and telepathy, 176–8, 181, 185, 186, 221 and weaponization, 18, 219 singularity, 184 Siri, 187 Skripal poisoning (2018), 43 slavery, 59, 224 smallpox, 67 smart cities, 190, 199 smartphone addiction, 112, 186–7 snowflakes, 22, 113 social indicators, 74 social justice warriors (SJWs), 131 social media and crowd psychology, 6 emotional artificial intelligence, 12–13, 140–41 and engagement, 7 filter bubbles, 66 and propaganda, 15, 18, 81, 124 and PTSD, 113 and sentiment analysis, 12 trolls, 18, 20–22, 27, 40, 123, 146, 148, 194–8, 199, 209 weaponization of, 18, 19, 22, 194–5 socialism, 8, 20, 154–6, 158, 160 calculation debate, 154–6, 158, 160 Socialism (Mises), 160 Society for Freedom in Science, 163 South Africa, 103 sovereignty, 34, 53 Soviet Russia (1917–91), 132, 133, 135–8, 177, 180, 182–3 Spain, 5, 34, 84, 128, 202 speed of knowledge, xvi, 112, 124, 131, 134, 136, 153, 154, 165–70 Spicer, Sean, 3, 5 spy planes, 136, 152 Stalin, Joseph, 138 Stanford University, 179 statactivism, 74 statistics, 62–91, 161, 186 status, 88–90 Stoermer, Eugene, 206 strong man leaders, 16 suicide, 100, 101, 115 suicide bombing, 44, 146 superbugs, 205 surveillance, 185–93, 219 Sweden, 34 Switzerland, 164 Sydenham, Thomas, 96 Syriza, 5 tacit knowledge, 162 talking cure, 107 taxation, 158 Tea Party, 32, 50, 61, 221 technocracy, 53–8, 59, 60, 61, 78, 87, 89, 90, 211 teenage girls, 113, 114 telepathy, 39, 176–9, 181, 185, 186 terrorism, 17–18, 151, 185 Charlottesville attack (2017), 20 emergency powers, 42 JFK Airport terror scare (2016), x, xiii, 41 Oxford Circus terror scare (2017), ix–x, xiii, 41 September 11 attacks (2001), 17, 18 suicide bombing, 44, 146 vehicle-ramming attacks, 17 war on terror, 131, 136, 196 Thames Valley, England, 85 Thatcher, Margaret, 154, 160, 163, 166 Thiel, Peter, 26, 149–51, 153, 156, 174, 190 Thirty Years War (1618–48), 34, 45, 53, 126 Tokyo, Japan, x torture, 92–3 total wars, 129, 142–3 Treaty of Westphalia (1648), 34, 53 trends, xvi, 168 trigger warnings, 22, 113 trolls, 18, 20–22, 27, 40, 123, 146, 148, 194–8, 199, 209 Trump, Donald, xiv and Bannon, 21, 60–61 and climate change, 207 and education, 85 election campaign (2016), see under presidential election, US and free trade, 79 and health, 92, 99 and immigration, 145 inauguration (2017), 3–5, 6, 9, 10 and inequality, 76–7 “Make America Great Again,” 76, 145 and March for Science (2017), 23, 24, 210 and media, 27 and opinion polling, 65, 80 and Paris climate accord, 207 and promises, 221 and relative deprivation, 88 and statistics, 63 and Yellen, 33 Tsipras, Alexis, 5 Turing, Alan, 181, 183 Twitter and Corbyn’s rallies, 6 and JFK Airport terror scare (2016), x and Oxford Circus terror scare (2017), ix–x and Russia, 18 and sentiment analysis, 188 and trends, xvi and trolls, 194, 195 Uber, 49, 185, 186, 187, 188, 191, 192 UK Independence Party, 65, 92, 202 underemployment, 82 unemployment, 61, 62, 72, 78, 81–3, 87, 88, 203 United Kingdom austerity, 100 Bank of England, 32, 33, 64 Blitz (1940–41), 119, 143, 180 Brexit (2016–), see under Brexit Cameron government (2010–16), 33, 73, 100 Center for Policy Studies, 164 Civil Service, 33 climate-gate (2009), 195 Corbyn’s rallies, 5, 6 Dunkirk evacuation (1940), 119 education, 85 financial crisis (2007–9), 29–32, 100 first past the post, 13 general election (2015), 80, 81 general election (2017), 6, 65, 80, 81, 221 Grenfell Tower fire (2017), 10 gross domestic product (GDP), 77, 79 immigration, 63, 65 Irish hunger strike (1981), 43 life expectancy, 100 National Audit Office (NAO), 29 National Health Service (NHS), 30, 93 Office for National Statistics, 63, 133 and opiates, 105 Oxford Circus terror scare (2017), ix–x, xiii, 41 and pain, 102, 105 Palantir, 151 Potsdam Conference (1945), 138 quantitative easing, 31–2 Royal Society, 138 Scottish independence referendum (2014), 64 Skripal poisoning (2018), 43 Society for Freedom in Science, 163 Thatcher government (1979–90), 154, 160, 163, 166 and torture, 92 Treasury, 61, 64 unemployment, 83 Unite for Europe march (2017), 23 World War II (1939–45), 114, 119, 138, 143, 180 see also England United Nations, 72, 222 United States Bayh–Dole Act (1980), 152 Black Lives Matter, 10, 225 BP oil spill (2010), 89 Bush Jr. administration (2001–9), 77, 136 Bush Sr administration (1989–93), 77 Bureau of Labor, 74 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 3, 136, 151, 199 Charlottesville attack (2017), 20 Civil War (1861–5), 105, 142 and climate change, 207, 214 Clinton administration (1993–2001), 77 Cold War, see Cold War Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 176, 178 Defense Intelligence Agency, 177 drug abuse, 43, 100, 105, 115–16, 131, 172–3 education, 85 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 137 Federal Reserve, 33 Fifth Amendment (1789), 44 financial crisis (2007–9), 31–2, 82, 158 first past the post, 13 Government Accountability Office, 29 gross domestic product (GDP), 75–7, 82 health, 92, 99–100, 101, 103, 105, 107, 115–16, 158, 172–3 Heritage Foundation, 164, 214 Iraq War (2003–11), 74, 132 JFK Airport terror scare (2016), x, xiii, 41 Kansas populists (1880s), 220 libertarianism, 15, 151, 154, 158, 164, 173 life expectancy, 100, 101 March For Our Lives (2018), 21 March for Science (2017), 23–5, 27, 28, 210 McCarthyism (1947–56), 137 Million-Man March (1995), 4 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 23, 175 National Defense Research Committee, 180 National Park Service, 4 National Security Agency (NSA), 152 Obama administration (2009–17), 3, 24, 76, 77, 79, 158 Occupy Wall Street (2011), 5, 10, 61 and opiates, 105, 172–3 and pain, 103, 105, 107, 172–3 Palantir, 151, 152, 175, 190 Paris climate accord (2015), 205, 207 Parkland attack (2018), 21 Patriot Act (2001), 137 Pentagon, 130, 132, 135, 136, 214, 216 presidential election (2016), see under presidential election, US psychiatry, 107, 111 quantitative easing, 31–2 Reagan administration (1981–9), 15, 77, 154, 160, 163, 166 Rumsfeld’s “unknown unknowns” speech (2002), 132 Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE), 180, 182, 200 September 11 attacks (2001), 17, 18 Tea Party, 32, 50, 61, 221 and torture, 93 Trump administration (2017–), see under Trump, Donald unemployment, 83 Vietnam War (1955–75), 111, 130, 136, 138, 143, 205 World War I (1914–18), 137 World War II (1939–45), 137, 180 universal basic income, 221 universities, 151–2, 164, 169–70 University of Cambridge, 84, 151 University of Chicago, 160 University of East Anglia, 195 University of Oxford, 56, 151 University of Vienna, 160 University of Washington, 188 unknown knowns, 132, 133, 136, 138, 141, 192, 212 unknown unknowns, 132, 133, 138 “Use of Knowledge in Society, The” (Hayek), 161 V2 flying bomb, 137 vaccines, 23, 95 de Vauban, Sébastien Le Prestre, Marquis de Vauban, 73 vehicle-ramming attacks, 17 Vesalius, Andreas, 96 Vienna, Austria, 153–5, 159 Vietnam War (1955–75), 111, 130, 136, 138, 143, 205 violence vs. power, 19, 219 viral marketing, 12 virtual reality, 183 virtue signaling, 194 voice recognition, 187 Vote Leave, 50, 93 Wainright, Joel, 214 Wales, 77, 90 Wall Street, New York, 33, 190 War College, Berlin, 128 “War Economy” (Neurath), 153–4 war on drugs, 43, 131 war on terror, 131, 136, 196 Watts, Jay, 115 weaponization, 18–20, 22, 26, 75, 118, 123, 194, 219, 223 weapons of mass destruction, 132 wearable technology, 173 weather control, 204 “What Is An Emotion?”

…

., Martin Luther, 21, 224 knowledge economy, 84, 85, 88, 151–2, 217 known knowns, 132, 138 Koch, Charles and David, 154, 164, 174 Korean War (1950–53), 178 Kraepelin, Emil, 139 Kurzweil, Ray, 183–4 Labour Party, 5, 6, 65, 80, 81, 221 Lagarde, Christine, 64 Le Bon, Gustave, 8–12, 13, 15, 16, 20, 24, 25, 38 Le Pen, Marine, 27, 79, 87, 92, 101–2 Leadbeater, Charles, 84 Leeds, West Yorkshire, 85 Leicester, Leicestershire, 85 Leviathan (Hobbes), 34, 39, 45 liberal elites, 20, 58, 88, 89, 161 libertarianism, 15, 151, 154, 158, 164, 173, 196, 209, 226 Liberty Fund, 158 Libya, 143 lie-detection technology, 136 life expectancy, 62, 68–71, 72, 92, 100–101, 115, 224 Lindemann, Frederick Alexander, 1st Viscount Cherwell, 138 Lloyds Bank, 29 London, England bills of mortality, 68–71, 75, 79–80, 81, 89, 127 Blitz (1940–41), 119, 143, 180 EU referendum (2016), 85 Great Fire (1666), 67 Grenfell Tower fire (2017), 10 and gross domestic product (GDP), 77, 78 housing crisis, 84 insurance sector, 59 knowledge economy, 84 life expectancy, 100 newspapers, early, 48 Oxford Circus terror scare (2017), ix–x, xiii, 41 plagues, 67–71, 75, 79–80, 81, 89, 127 Unite for Europe march (2017), 23 London School of Economics (LSE), 160 loss aversion, 145 Louis XIV, King of France, 73, 127 Louisiana, United States, 151, 221 Ludwig von Mises Institute, 154 MacLean, Nancy, 158 Macron, Emmanuel, 33 mainstream media, 197 “Make America Great Again,” 76, 145 Manchester, England, 85 Mann, Geoff, 214 maps, 182 March For Our Lives (2018), 21 March for Science (2017), 23–5, 27, 28, 210, 211 marketing, 14, 139–41, 143, 148, 169 Mars, 175, 226 Marxism, 163 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 179 Mayer, Jane, 158 McCarthy, Joseph, 137 McGill Pain Questionnaire, 104 McKibben, William “Bill,” 213 Megaface, 188–9 memes, 15, 194 Menger, Carl, 154 mental illness, 103, 107–17, 139 mercenaries, 126 Mercer, Robert, 174, 175 Mexico, 145 Million-Man March (1995), 4 mind-reading technology, 136 see also telepathy Mirowski, Philip, 158 von Mises, Ludwig, 154–63, 166, 172, 173 Missing Migrants Project, 225 mobilization, 5, 7, 126–31 and Corbyn, 81 and elections, 81, 124 and experts, 27–8 and Internet, 15 and Le Bon’s crowd psychology, 11, 12, 16, 20 and loss, 145 and Napoleonic Wars, xv, 127–30, 141, 144 and Occupy movement, 5 and populism, 16, 22, 60 and violence, opposition to, 21 Moniteur Universel, Le, 142 monopoly on violence, 42 Mont Pelerin Society, 163, 164 moral emotion, 21 morphine, 105 multiculturalism, 84 Murs, Oliver “Olly,” ix Musk, Elon, 175, 176, 178, 183, 226 Nanchang, Jiangxi, 13 Napoleonic Wars (1803–15), 126–30 chappe system, 129, 182 and conscription, 87, 126–7, 129 and disruption, 170–71, 173, 174, 175, 226 and great leader ideal, 146–8 and intelligence, 134 and mobilization, xv, 126–30, 141, 144 and nationalism, 87, 128, 129, 144, 183, 211 and propaganda, 142 Russia, invasion of (1812), 128, 133 Spain, invasion of (1808), 128 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 23, 175 National Audit Office (NAO), 29–30 national citizenship, 71 National Defense Research Committee, 180 National Health Service (NHS), 30, 93 National Park Service, 4 National Security Agency (NSA), 152 national sovereignty, 34, 53 nationalism, 87, 141, 210–12 and conservatism, 144 and disempowerment, 118–19 and elites, 22–3, 60–61, 145 ethnic, 15 and health, 92, 211–12, 224 and imagined communities, 87 and inequality, 78 and loss, 145 and markets, 167 and promises, 221 and resentment, 145, 197, 198 and war, 7, 20–21, 118–19, 143–6, 210–11 nativism, 61 natural philosophy, 35–6 nature, 86 see also environment Nazi Germany (1933–45), 137, 138, 154 Netherlands, 48, 56, 129 Neurable, 176 neural networking, 216 Neuralink, 176 neurasthenia, 139 Neurath, Otto, 153–4, 157, 160 neurochemistry, 108, 111, 112 neuroimaging, 176–8, 181 Nevada, United States, 194 new atheism, 209 New Orleans, Louisiana, 151 New Right, 164 New York, United States and climate change, 205 and gross domestic product (GDP), 78 housing crisis, 84 JFK Airport terror scare (2016), x, xiii, 41 knowledge economy, 84 September 11 attacks (2001), 17, 18 New York Times, 3, 27, 85 newspapers, 48, 71 Newton, Isaac, 35 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 217 Nixon, Robert, 206 no-platforming, 22, 208 Nobel Prize, 158–9 non-combatants, 43, 143, 204 non-violence, 224 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 123, 145, 214 North Carolina, United States, 84 Northern Ireland, 43, 85 Northern League, 61 Northern Rock, 29 Norwich, Norfolk, 85 nostalgia, xiv, 143, 145, 210, 223 “Not in my name,” 27 nuclear weapons, 132, 135, 137, 180, 183, 192, 196, 204 nudge techniques, 13 Obama, Barack, 3, 24, 76, 77, 79, 158, 172 Obamacare, 172 objectivity, xiv, 13, 75, 136, 223 and crowd-based politics, 5, 7, 24–5 and death, 94 and Descartes, 37 and experts, trust in, 28, 32, 33, 51, 53, 64, 86, 89 and Hayek, 163, 164, 170 and markets, 169, 170 and photography, 8 and Scientific Revolution, 48, 49 and statistics, 72, 74, 75, 82, 88 and telepathic communication, 179 and war, 58, 125, 134, 135, 136, 146 Occupy movement, 5, 10, 24, 61 Oedipus complex, 109 Office for National Statistics, 63, 133 Ohio, United States, 116 oil crisis (1973), 166 “On Computable Numbers” (Turing), 181 On War (Clausewitz), 130 Open Society and Its Enemies, The (Popper), 171 opiates, 105, 116, 172–3 opinion polling, 65, 80–81, 191 Orbán, Viktor, 87, 146 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 72 Oxford, Oxfordshire, 85 Oxford Circus terror scare (2017), ix–x, xiii, 41 Oxford University, 56, 151 OxyContin, 105, 116 pacifism, 8, 20, 44, 151 pain, 102–19, 172–3, 224 see also chronic pain painkillers, 104, 105, 116, 172–3 Palantir, 151, 152, 175, 190 parabiosis, 149 Paris climate accord (2015), 205, 207 Paris Commune (1871), 8 Parkland attack (2018), 21 Patriot Act (2001), 137 Paul, Ronald, 154 PayPal, 149 Peace of Westphalia (1648), 34, 53 peer reviewing, 48, 139, 195, 208 penicillin, 94 Pentagon, 130, 132, 135, 136, 214, 216 pesticides, 205 Petty, William, 55–9, 67, 73, 85, 167 pharmacology, 142 Pielke Jr., Roger, 24, 25 Piketty, Thomas, 74 Pinker, Stephen, 207 plagues, 56, 67–71, 75, 79–80, 81, 89, 95 pleasure principle, 70, 109, 110, 224 pneumonia, 37, 67 Podemos, 5, 202 Poland, 20, 34, 60 Polanyi, Michael, 163 political anatomy, 57 Political Arithmetick (Petty), 58, 59 political correctness, 20, 27, 145 Popper, Karl, 163, 171 populism xvii, 211–12, 214, 220, 225–6 and central banks, 33 and crowd-based politics, 12 and democracy, 202 and elites/experts, 26, 33, 50, 152, 197, 210, 215 and empathy, 118 and health, 99, 101–2, 224–5 and immediate action, 216 in Kansas (1880s), 220 and markets, 167 and private companies, 174 and promises, 221 and resentment, 145 and statistics, 90 and unemployment, 88 and war, 148, 212 Porter, Michael, 84 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 111–14, 117, 209 post-truth, 167, 224 Potsdam Conference (1945), 138 power vs. violence, 19, 219 predictive policing, 151 presidential election, US (2016), xiv and climate change, 214 and data, 190 and education, 85 and free trade, 79 and health, 92, 99 and immigration, 79, 145 and inequality, 76–7 and Internet, 190, 197, 199 “Make America Great Again,” 76, 145 and opinion polling, 65, 80 and promises, 221 and relative deprivation, 88 and Russia, 199 and statistics, 63 and Yellen, 33 prisoners of war, 43 promises, 25, 31, 39–42, 45–7, 51, 52, 217–18, 221–2 Propaganda (Bernays), 14–15 propaganda, 8, 14–16, 83, 124–5, 141, 142, 143 property rights, 158, 167 Protestantism, 34, 35, 45, 215 Prussia (1525–1947), 8, 127–30, 133–4, 135, 142 psychiatry, 107, 139 psychoanalysis, 107, 139 Psychology of Crowds, The (Le Bon), 9–12, 13, 15, 16, 20, 24, 25 psychosomatic, 103 public-spending cuts, 100–101 punishment, 90, 92–3, 94, 95, 108 Purdue, 105 Putin, Vladimir, 145, 183 al-Qaeda, 136 quality of life, 74, 104 quantitative easing, 31–2, 222 quants, 190 radical statistics, 74 RAND Corporation, 183 RBS, 29 Reagan, Ronald, 15, 77, 154, 160, 163, 166 real-time knowledge, xvi, 112, 131, 134, 153, 154, 165–70 Reason Foundation, 158 Red Vienna, 154, 155 Rees-Mogg, Jacob, 33, 61 refugee crisis (2015–), 60, 225 relative deprivation, 88 representative democracy, 7, 12, 14–15, 25–8, 61, 202 Republican Party, 77, 79, 85, 154, 160, 163, 166, 172 research and development (R&D), 133 Research Triangle, North Carolina, 84 resentment, 5, 226 of elites/experts, 32, 52, 61, 86, 88–9, 161, 186, 201 and nationalism/populism, 5, 144–6, 148, 197, 198 and pain, 94 Ridley, Matt, 209 right to remain silent, 44 Road to Serfdom, The (Hayek), 160, 166 Robinson, Tommy, ix Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 52 Royal Exchange, 67 Royal Society, 48–52, 56, 68, 86, 133, 137, 186, 208, 218 Rumsfeld, Donald, 132 Russian Empire (1721–1917), 128, 133 Russian Federation (1991–) and artificial intelligence, 183 Gerasimov Doctrine, 43, 123, 125, 126 and information war, 196 life expectancy, 100, 115 and national humiliation, 145 Skripal poisoning (2018), 43 and social media, 15, 18, 199 troll farms, 199 Russian Revolution (1917), 155 Russian SFSR (1917–91), 132, 133, 135–8, 155, 177, 180, 182–3 safe spaces, 22, 208 Sands, Robert “Bobby,” 43 Saxony, 90 scarlet fever, 67 Scarry, Elaine, 102–3 scenting, 135, 180 Schneier, Bruce, 185 Schumpeter, Joseph, 156–7, 162 Scientific Revolution, 48–52, 62, 66, 95, 204, 207, 218 scientist, coining of term, 133 SCL, 175 Scotland, 64, 85, 172 search engines, xvi Second World War, see World War II securitization of loans, 218 seismology, 135 self-employment, 82 self-esteem, 88–90, 175, 212 self-harm, 44, 114–15, 117, 146, 225 self-help, 107 self-interest, 26, 41, 44, 61, 114, 141, 146 Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE), 180, 182, 200 sentiment analysis, xiii, 12–13, 140, 188 September 11 attacks (2001), 17, 18 shell shock, 109–10 Shrecker, Ted, 226 Silicon Fen, Cambridgeshire, 84 Silicon Valley, California, xvi, 219 and data, 55, 151, 185–93, 199–201 and disruption, 149–51, 175, 226 and entrepreneurship, 149–51 and fascism, 203 and immortality, 149, 183–4, 224, 226 and monopolies, 174, 220 and singularity, 183–4 and telepathy, 176–8, 181, 185, 186, 221 and weaponization, 18, 219 singularity, 184 Siri, 187 Skripal poisoning (2018), 43 slavery, 59, 224 smallpox, 67 smart cities, 190, 199 smartphone addiction, 112, 186–7 snowflakes, 22, 113 social indicators, 74 social justice warriors (SJWs), 131 social media and crowd psychology, 6 emotional artificial intelligence, 12–13, 140–41 and engagement, 7 filter bubbles, 66 and propaganda, 15, 18, 81, 124 and PTSD, 113 and sentiment analysis, 12 trolls, 18, 20–22, 27, 40, 123, 146, 148, 194–8, 199, 209 weaponization of, 18, 19, 22, 194–5 socialism, 8, 20, 154–6, 158, 160 calculation debate, 154–6, 158, 160 Socialism (Mises), 160 Society for Freedom in Science, 163 South Africa, 103 sovereignty, 34, 53 Soviet Russia (1917–91), 132, 133, 135–8, 177, 180, 182–3 Spain, 5, 34, 84, 128, 202 speed of knowledge, xvi, 112, 124, 131, 134, 136, 153, 154, 165–70 Spicer, Sean, 3, 5 spy planes, 136, 152 Stalin, Joseph, 138 Stanford University, 179 statactivism, 74 statistics, 62–91, 161, 186 status, 88–90 Stoermer, Eugene, 206 strong man leaders, 16 suicide, 100, 101, 115 suicide bombing, 44, 146 superbugs, 205 surveillance, 185–93, 219 Sweden, 34 Switzerland, 164 Sydenham, Thomas, 96 Syriza, 5 tacit knowledge, 162 talking cure, 107 taxation, 158 Tea Party, 32, 50, 61, 221 technocracy, 53–8, 59, 60, 61, 78, 87, 89, 90, 211 teenage girls, 113, 114 telepathy, 39, 176–9, 181, 185, 186 terrorism, 17–18, 151, 185 Charlottesville attack (2017), 20 emergency powers, 42 JFK Airport terror scare (2016), x, xiii, 41 Oxford Circus terror scare (2017), ix–x, xiii, 41 September 11 attacks (2001), 17, 18 suicide bombing, 44, 146 vehicle-ramming attacks, 17 war on terror, 131, 136, 196 Thames Valley, England, 85 Thatcher, Margaret, 154, 160, 163, 166 Thiel, Peter, 26, 149–51, 153, 156, 174, 190 Thirty Years War (1618–48), 34, 45, 53, 126 Tokyo, Japan, x torture, 92–3 total wars, 129, 142–3 Treaty of Westphalia (1648), 34, 53 trends, xvi, 168 trigger warnings, 22, 113 trolls, 18, 20–22, 27, 40, 123, 146, 148, 194–8, 199, 209 Trump, Donald, xiv and Bannon, 21, 60–61 and climate change, 207 and education, 85 election campaign (2016), see under presidential election, US and free trade, 79 and health, 92, 99 and immigration, 145 inauguration (2017), 3–5, 6, 9, 10 and inequality, 76–7 “Make America Great Again,” 76, 145 and March for Science (2017), 23, 24, 210 and media, 27 and opinion polling, 65, 80 and Paris climate accord, 207 and promises, 221 and relative deprivation, 88 and statistics, 63 and Yellen, 33 Tsipras, Alexis, 5 Turing, Alan, 181, 183 Twitter and Corbyn’s rallies, 6 and JFK Airport terror scare (2016), x and Oxford Circus terror scare (2017), ix–x and Russia, 18 and sentiment analysis, 188 and trends, xvi and trolls, 194, 195 Uber, 49, 185, 186, 187, 188, 191, 192 UK Independence Party, 65, 92, 202 underemployment, 82 unemployment, 61, 62, 72, 78, 81–3, 87, 88, 203 United Kingdom austerity, 100 Bank of England, 32, 33, 64 Blitz (1940–41), 119, 143, 180 Brexit (2016–), see under Brexit Cameron government (2010–16), 33, 73, 100 Center for Policy Studies, 164 Civil Service, 33 climate-gate (2009), 195 Corbyn’s rallies, 5, 6 Dunkirk evacuation (1940), 119 education, 85 financial crisis (2007–9), 29–32, 100 first past the post, 13 general election (2015), 80, 81 general election (2017), 6, 65, 80, 81, 221 Grenfell Tower fire (2017), 10 gross domestic product (GDP), 77, 79 immigration, 63, 65 Irish hunger strike (1981), 43 life expectancy, 100 National Audit Office (NAO), 29 National Health Service (NHS), 30, 93 Office for National Statistics, 63, 133 and opiates, 105 Oxford Circus terror scare (2017), ix–x, xiii, 41 and pain, 102, 105 Palantir, 151 Potsdam Conference (1945), 138 quantitative easing, 31–2 Royal Society, 138 Scottish independence referendum (2014), 64 Skripal poisoning (2018), 43 Society for Freedom in Science, 163 Thatcher government (1979–90), 154, 160, 163, 166 and torture, 92 Treasury, 61, 64 unemployment, 83 Unite for Europe march (2017), 23 World War II (1939–45), 114, 119, 138, 143, 180 see also England United Nations, 72, 222 United States Bayh–Dole Act (1980), 152 Black Lives Matter, 10, 225 BP oil spill (2010), 89 Bush Jr. administration (2001–9), 77, 136 Bush Sr administration (1989–93), 77 Bureau of Labor, 74 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 3, 136, 151, 199 Charlottesville attack (2017), 20 Civil War (1861–5), 105, 142 and climate change, 207, 214 Clinton administration (1993–2001), 77 Cold War, see Cold War Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 176, 178 Defense Intelligence Agency, 177 drug abuse, 43, 100, 105, 115–16, 131, 172–3 education, 85 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 137 Federal Reserve, 33 Fifth Amendment (1789), 44 financial crisis (2007–9), 31–2, 82, 158 first past the post, 13 Government Accountability Office, 29 gross domestic product (GDP), 75–7, 82 health, 92, 99–100, 101, 103, 105, 107, 115–16, 158, 172–3 Heritage Foundation, 164, 214 Iraq War (2003–11), 74, 132 JFK Airport terror scare (2016), x, xiii, 41 Kansas populists (1880s), 220 libertarianism, 15, 151, 154, 158, 164, 173 life expectancy, 100, 101 March For Our Lives (2018), 21 March for Science (2017), 23–5, 27, 28, 210 McCarthyism (1947–56), 137 Million-Man March (1995), 4 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 23, 175 National Defense Research Committee, 180 National Park Service, 4 National Security Agency (NSA), 152 Obama administration (2009–17), 3, 24, 76, 77, 79, 158 Occupy Wall Street (2011), 5, 10, 61 and opiates, 105, 172–3 and pain, 103, 105, 107, 172–3 Palantir, 151, 152, 175, 190 Paris climate accord (2015), 205, 207 Parkland attack (2018), 21 Patriot Act (2001), 137 Pentagon, 130, 132, 135, 136, 214, 216 presidential election (2016), see under presidential election, US psychiatry, 107, 111 quantitative easing, 31–2 Reagan administration (1981–9), 15, 77, 154, 160, 163, 166 Rumsfeld’s “unknown unknowns” speech (2002), 132 Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE), 180, 182, 200 September 11 attacks (2001), 17, 18 Tea Party, 32, 50, 61, 221 and torture, 93 Trump administration (2017–), see under Trump, Donald unemployment, 83 Vietnam War (1955–75), 111, 130, 136, 138, 143, 205 World War I (1914–18), 137 World War II (1939–45), 137, 180 universal basic income, 221 universities, 151–2, 164, 169–70 University of Cambridge, 84, 151 University of Chicago, 160 University of East Anglia, 195 University of Oxford, 56, 151 University of Vienna, 160 University of Washington, 188 unknown knowns, 132, 133, 136, 138, 141, 192, 212 unknown unknowns, 132, 133, 138 “Use of Knowledge in Society, The” (Hayek), 161 V2 flying bomb, 137 vaccines, 23, 95 de Vauban, Sébastien Le Prestre, Marquis de Vauban, 73 vehicle-ramming attacks, 17 Vesalius, Andreas, 96 Vienna, Austria, 153–5, 159 Vietnam War (1955–75), 111, 130, 136, 138, 143, 205 violence vs. power, 19, 219 viral marketing, 12 virtual reality, 183 virtue signaling, 194 voice recognition, 187 Vote Leave, 50, 93 Wainright, Joel, 214 Wales, 77, 90 Wall Street, New York, 33, 190 War College, Berlin, 128 “War Economy” (Neurath), 153–4 war on drugs, 43, 131 war on terror, 131, 136, 196 Watts, Jay, 115 weaponization, 18–20, 22, 26, 75, 118, 123, 194, 219, 223 weapons of mass destruction, 132 wearable technology, 173 weather control, 204 “What Is An Emotion?”

The Undertow: Scenes From a Slow Civil War by Jeff Sharlet

2021 United States Capitol attack, Airbnb, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, cognitive dissonance, Colonization of Mars, Columbine, Comet Ping Pong, coronavirus, COVID-19, critical race theory, disinformation, drone strike, Elon Musk, fake it until you make it, fake news, false flag, gentrification, George Floyd, Howard Zinn, intentional community, Jeffrey Epstein, lockdown, Occupy movement, operation paperclip, Parler "social media", prosperity theology / prosperity gospel / gospel of success, QAnon, sensible shoes, social distancing, Upton Sinclair, W. E. B. Du Bois, We are the 99%, white flight, white picket fence, young professional

“Books are no longer like commodities here,” another librarian once told me at two a.m., standing near his sleeping colleague. “We’ve had to give them away.” One word for that is surplus, but a better word—the biblical word, the rabbinical word—is abundance. Abundance not just in fact but as something that is felt is what most of the media seemed not to notice about the Occupy movement. That’s reasonable, given that the movement was born in opposition to the “1 percent,” whose minimum annual household income averaged then more than $1.5 million, an impressive sum that is nonetheless too small to convey the proportion of the nation’s wealth—nearly half—in their control. But the old frame of the haves versus the have-nots does not convey the joyousness of the experience of Liberty Park.

…

Not wonder, but its opposite: It was the crisis of insight one experiences when one has just read out, for the first time, that conglomeration of figurines which makes a word. In that moment I penetrated beyond Isaac’s alphabet into his language. I saw that he was on the side of possibility: he was both sane and inspired. His intention was not to accumulate mystery but to dispel it. Such were the intentions of the Occupy movement. It should come as no surprise that those intentions did not transmit well through CNN or the column inches of the New York Times—that, working off these sources, a skeptical student at the college where I teach said to me, “I can feel the excitement, but I don’t know if I can articulate why.”

…

What she meant was a sort of slow motion, sped up, outside of the flow of minutes and days, the temporal experience suggested by the Christian theological term kairos, ritual time, a moment that is unique and suffused with moments past. Holidays are a kind of kairos. Each is its own, but for celebrants it is also all the iterations past that they can remember, and all the holidays of the future, anticipated, imagined. So the Occupy movement was a holiday. There is nothing frivolous about that. Holidays are not escapes; at their best, they deepen our experience of things. Consider the rituals of this one: The marches, yes—many saw those on TV, and many have themselves marched for one thing or another. Then there was the police violence, for the White middle-class majority a more exotic experience.

The Second Intelligent Species: How Humans Will Become as Irrelevant as Cockroaches by Marshall Brain

Amazon Web Services, basic income, clean water, cloud computing, computer vision, digital map, driverless car, en.wikipedia.org, full employment, Garrett Hardin, income inequality, job automation, knowledge worker, low earth orbit, mutually assured destruction, Neil Armstrong, Occupy movement, ocean acidification, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, self-driving car, Stephen Hawking, Tragedy of the Commons, working poor

Why won't we see millions of unemployed truck drivers rioting in the streets? Sure, it might happen, and it definitely would have happened in the past, but it is unlikely today. Why? First, police forces, especially in urban areas, have become much more militarized, with military equipment and military tactics. In the Occupy movements in 2011, there were many examples of a particular tactic: when people started to organize or march in a concerted way, they were repelled with startling amounts of force. A group of people would assemble, and a platoon of police officers twice as large, wearing riot gear and carrying a variety of weapons, would appear and control them.

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"[172] Glenn Beck said on his internet television network GBTV, "Capitalists, if you think that you can play footsies with these people, you are wrong. They will come for you and drag you into the streets and kill you. They will do it. They’re not messing around."[173][174] Newt Gingrich said, "All the Occupy movements starts with the premise that we all owe them everything. Now, that is a pretty good symptom of how much the left has collapsed as a moral system in this country and why you need to reassert something as simple as saying to them, go get a job right after you take a bath." Rick Santorum also told the protesters to get jobs. [12] “Human debris”?

On Anarchism by Noam Chomsky

anti-communist, crowdsourcing, feminist movement, land reform, means of production, Occupy movement, post-industrial society, profit motive, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith

A new generation of radicals had experienced a moment in the limelight and a sense of possibility—and had little clear idea about what to do next. They had participated in an uprising that aspired to organize horizontally, that refused to address its demands to the proper authority, and that, like other concurrent movements around the world, prided itself on the absence of particular leaders. One couldn’t call the Occupy movement an anarchist phenomenon per se; though some of its originators were self-conscious and articulate anarchists, most who took part wouldn’t describe their objectives that way. Still, the mode of being that Occupy swept so many people into with its temporary autonomous zones in public squares nevertheless left them feeling, as it was sometimes said, anarcho-curious.

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One had been in a community where hope was more normal than apathy or cynicism, where the word “comrade” stood for comradeship and not, as in most countries, for humbug. One had breathed the air of equality. With a few proper nouns adjusted, much the same statement could have come from a witness to the Occupy movement, though the awe would be less well deserved. Orwell saw anarchy overtake a whole city along with large swaths of countryside, rather than the square block or less of a typical Occupy encampment. That these far smaller utopias managed to convey the same sense of knock-you-down newness, of soul-conquering significance, is probably because of historical amnesia again: most people had never learned about the bigger ones in school.

Future Perfect: The Case for Progress in a Networked Age by Steven Johnson

Airbus A320, airport security, algorithmic trading, banking crisis, barriers to entry, Bernie Sanders, call centre, Captain Sullenberger Hudson, Cass Sunstein, Charles Lindbergh, classic study, cognitive dissonance, credit crunch, crowdsourcing, dark matter, Dava Sobel, David Brooks, Donald Davies, Evgeny Morozov, Fairchild Semiconductor, future of journalism, Great Leap Forward, high-speed rail, hive mind, Howard Rheingold, HyperCard, Jane Jacobs, John Gruber, John Harrison: Longitude, Joi Ito, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, lone genius, Mark Zuckerberg, mega-rich, meta-analysis, Naomi Klein, Nate Silver, Occupy movement, packet switching, peer-to-peer, Peter Thiel, planetary scale, pre–internet, private spaceflight, radical decentralization, RAND corporation, risk tolerance, seminal paper, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, social graph, SpaceShipOne, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, systems thinking, techno-determinism, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the long tail, Tim Cook: Apple, urban planning, US Airways Flight 1549, WikiLeaks, William Langewiesche, working poor, X Prize, Yochai Benkler, your tax dollars at work

Occupy Wall Street as a meme; Twitter as a political platform; the hashtag as a way of organizing information: all three came from the edges of the network, not the center. The temptation, of course, is to draw a straight line of techno-determinism between the Seattle protests and the global wave of pro-democratic and egalitarian protest that swept across the planet in 2010 and 2011: from the Arab Spring to the Spanish Revolution to the Occupy movement. The prediction back in 2000 would have gone something like this: because the Internet abhorred hierarchies and top-down command structures, hierarchies and command structures would come under increasing attack, by organizations and movements that looked like Baran Webs and not Legrand Stars.

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But high-frequency trades are literally impossible to execute in a world without networked computers. If the Internet has a bias toward certain kinds of outcomes, you could make a plausible case that it is more biased toward derivatives traders than it is toward the general assemblies of the Occupy movement. So what does the Internet want? It wants to lower the costs for creating and sharing information. The notion sounds unimpeachable when you phrase it like that, until you realize all the strange places that kind of affordance ultimately leads to. The Internet wants to breed algorithms that can execute thousands of financial transactions per minute, and it wants to disseminate the #occupywallstreet meme across the planet.

Superminds: The Surprising Power of People and Computers Thinking Together by Thomas W. Malone

Abraham Maslow, agricultural Revolution, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, Alvin Toffler, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, Asperger Syndrome, Baxter: Rethink Robotics, bitcoin, blockchain, Boeing 747, business process, call centre, carbon tax, clean water, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, data science, deep learning, Donald Trump, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, driverless car, drone strike, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Erik Brynjolfsson, experimental economics, Exxon Valdez, Ford Model T, future of work, Future Shock, Galaxy Zoo, Garrett Hardin, gig economy, happiness index / gross national happiness, independent contractor, industrial robot, Internet of things, invention of the telegraph, inventory management, invisible hand, Jeff Rulifson, jimmy wales, job automation, John Markoff, Joi Ito, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Arrow, knowledge worker, longitudinal study, Lyft, machine translation, Marshall McLuhan, Nick Bostrom, Occupy movement, Pareto efficiency, pattern recognition, prediction markets, price mechanism, radical decentralization, Ray Kurzweil, Rodney Brooks, Ronald Coase, search costs, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, slashdot, social intelligence, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, technological singularity, The Nature of the Firm, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, theory of mind, Tim Cook: Apple, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, Travis Kalanick, Uber for X, uber lyft, Vernor Vinge, Vilfredo Pareto, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!

On several Saturdays, I went downtown to watch what was happening in and around Zuccotti Park, where the Occupy protesters were gathered. The most interesting thing I saw was a group of people working to develop a mission statement for the Occupy movement. About 50 people were sitting on benches and other makeshift seats in the otherwise deserted lobby of a big office building. Anyone could join the meeting, and during the time I was there, I noticed Michael Moore, the well-known documentary filmmaker, watching the proceedings, too. A key part of the Occupy movement was a desire for participatory democracy, and in this spirit, the group was using a special formal process for consensus decision making.

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When I finally left the group about two hours later, the group members still hadn’t decided whether to add the word truly, and I was very pessimistic that they would ever succeed in producing anything of interest using their extremely cumbersome consensus process. Now, years later, after searching the web and news reports from the time, I think my pessimism was warranted. The Occupy movement did produce a few consensus documents, but as far as I can tell, it never succeeded in producing a mission statement.23 I don’t think this necessarily reflects poorly on the Occupy protesters themselves. Instead I think it is a demonstration of the incredible difficulty of consensus decision making in any large face-to-face group.

Austerity: The History of a Dangerous Idea by Mark Blyth

"there is no alternative" (TINA), accounting loophole / creative accounting, Alan Greenspan, balance sheet recession, bank run, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, Black Swan, book value, Bretton Woods, business cycle, buy and hold, capital controls, Carmen Reinhart, Celtic Tiger, central bank independence, centre right, collateralized debt obligation, correlation does not imply causation, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, currency peg, debt deflation, deindustrialization, disintermediation, diversification, en.wikipedia.org, ending welfare as we know it, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, eurozone crisis, financial engineering, financial repression, fixed income, floating exchange rates, Fractional reserve banking, full employment, German hyperinflation, Gini coefficient, global reserve currency, Greenspan put, Growth in a Time of Debt, high-speed rail, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, information asymmetry, interest rate swap, invisible hand, Irish property bubble, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Rogoff, liberal capitalism, liquidationism / Banker’s doctrine / the Treasury view, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, market bubble, market clearing, Martin Wolf, Minsky moment, money market fund, moral hazard, mortgage debt, mortgage tax deduction, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, paradox of thrift, Philip Mirowski, Phillips curve, Post-Keynesian economics, price stability, quantitative easing, rent-seeking, reserve currency, road to serfdom, Robert Solow, savings glut, short selling, structural adjustment programs, tail risk, The Great Moderation, The Myth of the Rational Market, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tobin tax, too big to fail, Two Sigma, unorthodox policies, value at risk, Washington Consensus, zero-sum game

At the same time, a continent away, the turmoil in the European bond market that began in Greece in 2009 now threatened to engulf Italy and Spain, undermining the European single currency while raising doubts about the solvency of the entire European banking system. Meanwhile, London, one of the world’s great financial centers, was hit by riots that spread all over the city, and then the country. The London riots quickly blew over, but then the Occupy movement began, first in Zuccotti Park in Manhattan, and then throughout the United States and out into the wider world. Its motivations were diffuse, but one stood out: concern over the income and wealth inequalities generated over the past twenty years that access to easy credit had masked.1 Winter, and police actions, emptied the Occupy encampments, but the problems that spawned those camps remain with us.

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If state spending is cut, the effects of doing so are, quite simply, unfairly and unsustainably distributed. Personally, I am all in favor of “everyone tightening their belts”—as long as we are all wearing the same pants. But this is far from the case these days. Indeed, it is further from the case today than at any time since the 1920s. As the Occupy movement highlighted in 2011, the wealth and income distributions of societies rocked by the financial crisis have become, over the past thirty years, extremely skewed. The bursting of the credit bubble has made this all too clear. In the United States, for example, the top 1 percent of the US income distribution now has a quarter of the country’s income.28 Or, to put it more dramatically, the richest 400 Americans own more assets than the bottom 150 million, while 46 million Americans, some 15 percent of the population, live in a family of four earning less than $22,314 per annum.29 As Robert Wade has argued: The highest-earning 1 per cent of Americans doubled their share of aggregate income (not including capital gains) from 8 per cent in 1980 to over 18 per cent in 2007.

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P. 48, 190 Morgan Stanley, 48 Morgantheau, Henry, 188 Müller-Armack, Alfred, 137, 139 Naphtali, Fritz, 196 National Asset Management Agency (NAMA), 235 National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), 126 Nazis. See Germany neoliberalism, 102, 117–119, 155–157 Austria and, 118 See also liberalism, ordoliberalism Netherlands fiscal adjustment in, 173 Neumann, M. J. M., 169. New Deal, 126 new liberalism, 117–119 Niskanen, William, 155 Nixon, Richard M., 244 Noguchi, Ashai, 198 Occupy movement, 2, 13, 242 On Liberty (Mill), 116 “On Money” (Hume), 107 ordoliberalism building of, 138–139 in Europe, 141–143, 169–170 origins of, 135–137 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 161, 165, 170, 174, 208 stimulations, 210 Osaka Mainichi and editorials about the gold standard, 198 Osborne, George, 72 Pagano, Marco, 171, 176, 205, 206 “Can Severe Fiscal Contractions be Expansionary?

Dark Money: The Hidden History of the Billionaires Behind the Rise of the Radical Right by Jane Mayer

Adam Curtis, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Alan Greenspan, American Legislative Exchange Council, An Inconvenient Truth, anti-communist, Bakken shale, bank run, battle of ideas, Berlin Wall, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon tax, carried interest, centre right, clean water, Climategate, Climatic Research Unit, collective bargaining, company town, corporate raider, crony capitalism, David Brooks, desegregation, disinformation, diversified portfolio, Donald Trump, energy security, estate planning, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial engineering, George Gilder, high-speed rail, housing crisis, hydraulic fracturing, income inequality, independent contractor, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, job automation, low skilled workers, mandatory minimum, market fundamentalism, mass incarceration, military-industrial complex, Mont Pelerin Society, More Guns, Less Crime, multilevel marketing, Nate Silver, Neil Armstrong, New Journalism, obamacare, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, plutocrats, Powell Memorandum, Ralph Nader, Renaissance Technologies, road to serfdom, Robert Mercer, Ronald Reagan, school choice, school vouchers, Solyndra, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Chicago School, the scientific method, University of East Anglia, Unsafe at Any Speed, War on Poverty, working poor

Armey had spent eighteen years in Congress and was reportedly paid $750,000 a year as a lobbyist at the law firm DLA Piper, which represented corporate clients such as the pharmaceutical giant Bristol-Myers Squibb. But billionaire backers were useful. They gave the nascent Tea Party movement organization and political direction, without which it might have frittered away like the Occupy movement. The protesters in turn gave the billionaire donors something they’d had trouble buying—the numbers needed to lend their agenda the air of legitimacy. As Armey put it, “We’d been doing this lonely work for years. From our point of view, it was like the cavalry coming.” FreedomWorks, it was later revealed, also had some hired help.

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One of the Koch donors turned out to have invested in Solyndra and was not happy. A subsequent Koch-created ad, aired by the American Future Fund, also proved problematic. The mysterious Iowa-based front group was a favorite choice for messages from which the Koch camp preferred to distance itself. Shot as populist rage against the “1 percent” was coalescing in the Occupy movement and protesters were marching on David Koch’s apartment, the ad slyly attacked Obama for being too cozy with Wall Street. After quoting Obama calling Wall Street bankers “fat cats,” it asked, “Guess who voted for the Wall Street bailout? His White House is full of Wall Street executives,” it went on, as mug shots of Obama’s advisers flashed by.

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But some of the finance industry executives in the donor group were not amused by the political misdirection. “Why attack Wall Street?” they asked. One donor, Peter Schiff, an attendee at the June Koch seminar, evidently didn’t receive the new, populist talking points. A Connecticut financial analyst and broker, he barged into the midst of the Occupy movement’s Manhattan encampment in October with a sign proclaiming, “I am the 1%. Let’s talk.” Subsequent video footage of him arguing in favor of eliminating the minimum wage and paying “mentally retarded” people $2 an hour made him a laughingstock on Jon Stewart’s Daily Show. The Kochs’ “Mother of All Wars” wasn’t starting out all that much better than Saddam Hussein’s

The Survival of the City: Human Flourishing in an Age of Isolation by Edward Glaeser, David Cutler

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, agricultural Revolution, Alvin Toffler, Andrei Shleifer, autonomous vehicles, basic income, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, British Empire, business cycle, buttonwood tree, call centre, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, classic study, clean water, collective bargaining, Columbian Exchange, contact tracing, Corn Laws, Cornelius Vanderbilt, coronavirus, COVID-19, crack epidemic, defund the police, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, desegregation, discovery of penicillin, Donald Trump, Edward Glaeser, Elisha Otis, Fellow of the Royal Society, flying shuttle, future of work, Future Shock, gentrification, George Floyd, germ theory of disease, global pandemic, global village, hiring and firing, Home mortgage interest deduction, Honoré de Balzac, income inequality, industrial cluster, James Hargreaves, Jane Jacobs, Jevons paradox, job automation, jobless men, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Snow's cholera map, knowledge worker, lockdown, Louis Pasteur, Mahatma Gandhi, manufacturing employment, mass incarceration, Maui Hawaii, means of production, megacity, meta-analysis, new economy, New Urbanism, Occupy movement, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, out of africa, place-making, precautionary principle, RAND corporation, randomized controlled trial, remote working, Richard Florida, Salesforce, Saturday Night Live, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, social distancing, Socratic dialogue, spinning jenny, superstar cities, Tax Reform Act of 1986, tech baron, TED Talk, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, TikTok, trade route, union organizing, universal basic income, Upton Sinclair, urban planning, working poor, Works Progress Administration, zero-sum game, zoonotic diseases

But the New York of 2021 is far more fractured than the New York of 2001. The pragmatic consensus that emerged after the city’s near bankruptcy in the 1970s has come undone. In 2011, demonstrators seized Zuccotti Park, practically in the shadow of the memorials to 9/11. The Occupy movement and the police response to it divided the city that had seemed so united. New York was hardly alone: the Occupy movement took over public squares from Boston to Berlin. In the years since, divisions have widened, creating more urban vulnerability. Two months after the COVID lockdowns had begun, a policeman killed an African American man in broad daylight in Minneapolis, by pressing his knee against the man’s neck for over eight minutes.

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Pandemics must cease so that urban entrepreneurs can again create opportunity, even in the poorest neighborhoods. Remaking a system built for insiders into a machine for empowering outsiders will take years if not decades. Unfortunately, the threats to urban life capture our attention fleetingly then slip out of consciousness as our minds flit to other concerns. The Occupy movement of 2011 sought to expose the inequities of the Great Recession. The killing of George Floyd led millions to feel anger and shame over the long and sustained mistreatment of African American men and women by the police. Like contagious disease, persistent poverty and racial injustice must be addressed if cities are to thrive once more.

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See also opioid epidemic Moses, Robert, 251, 271 mosquitoes, 47–52, 88, 89 Moving to Opportunity for Fair Housing, 301–2 Nabisco, 109–10, 112, 184 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 308–9, 310 National Blue Ribbon Schools, 310–11 National Board of Health, 83–84 National Drug Intelligence Center, 121 National Governors Association (NGA), 304–5 National Health Service (UK), 139–40 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK), 142–43 National Institute for Health Research (UK), 57 National Institutes of Health (NIH), 57, 327 National Security Council, 149–50 Native Americans, 46 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 57, 58 “NATO for health” global alliance enforcement of sanitary practices, 14, 92 and lessons of COVID-19 pandemic, 321 and limitations of WHO, 27 recommendations for, 54–59, 322–26 role of, 13 Nava, Julian, 253–57, 309 Netherlands, 173, 222 New York City anti-terrorism efforts in, 287–88 appeal of, 236 architecture of, 210–11 Bloomberg’s health initiatives in, 99 board of health established in, 83 cholera outbreaks in, 71, 73, 74, 80 cigarette tax rate in, 128 COVID-19 pandemic in, 104, 195 and Cross-Bronx Highway, 251 disease-infested tenements of, 81–83 domestic violence in, 287 draining of swamps in, 84, 89 garment industry of, 199–203, 211, 217–18, 225 Gary, Indiana compared to, 102–3 health of poor in, 161–62 infrastructure investments in, 6 last-mile problem in, 80, 83 life-expectancy disparities in, 102, 103 livestock in, 90 obesity rates in, 105 police department of, 285–91, 297, 299 sanitation enforcement in, 82–86 and September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 6, 243 Smith’s advocacy in, 81–83, 84 “stop and frisk” policies, 288–91 strength of civil society in, 243–44 violent crime in, 282, 286 water supply of, 72–75, 77, 79–80 New York State, 307–8 New Zealand, 18–19, 156, 163–65, 198, 334, 339 No Child Left Behind, 303, 310 non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), 87 Noyes Elementary School, 310–11 nursing homes, 97, 157–60 Obama, Barack, 303–4, 325, 331 Obama administration, 155–56, 195, 331 obesity and city life, 106 and COVID-19, 105–6 education differences in rates of, 98, 127–28 and fast foods, 112–15 and mass-produced foods, 109–12 place-based differences in, 103, 104 rise in rates of, 107 and sedentary lifestyles, 107 and trends in food consumption, 107–9, 115–16 occupational licensing, 200–201, 277, 334 Occupy movement of 2011, 4, 6 offices and office buildings converted into housing, 17–18, 208, 239 future of, 237–39 and growth of labor force, 223 pre-pandemic resilience of, 207 Toffler’s perspective on, 222–23 value of in-person interaction in, 208–9 Olson, Mancur, 266–67, 268, 271, 273 opioid epidemic costs to public, 99–100 deaths associated with, 97–98, 117, 120, 121, 122–24, 129 and fentanyl, 122, 123, 129 and heroin use, 118–20, 122 history of opioid use, 117–19 and HIV transmission, 117, 118–20, 126 overdoses of, 117 and OxyContin, 120–22, 123, 124, 126 and penalizing deceitful practices, 124–26 and Purdue Pharma’s marketing practices, 120–22, 125 Opportunity Atlas, 299–301 Oster, Emily, 313 Overton, Mark, 171 OxyContin, 120–22, 123, 124, 126.

Radicals Chasing Utopia: Inside the Rogue Movements Trying to Change the World by Jamie Bartlett

Andrew Keen, back-to-the-land, Bernie Sanders, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, blue-collar work, Boris Johnson, brain emulation, Californian Ideology, centre right, clean water, climate change refugee, cryptocurrency, digital rights, Donald Trump, drone strike, Elon Musk, energy security, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, gig economy, hydraulic fracturing, income inequality, intentional community, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Jaron Lanier, Jeremy Corbyn, job automation, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, Joseph Schumpeter, Kickstarter, life extension, military-industrial complex, Nick Bostrom, Occupy movement, off grid, Overton Window, Peter Thiel, post-industrial society, post-truth, postnationalism / post nation state, precariat, QR code, radical life extension, Ray Kurzweil, RFID, Rosa Parks, Ross Ulbricht, Satoshi Nakamoto, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, smart contracts, stem cell, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, systems thinking, technoutopianism, the long tail, Tragedy of the Commons

With Facebook, Flickr and blogs, he said, there was no need for large formal organisations. (US internet penetration rates had grown from 21 per cent in 1997 to 75 per cent in 2007.) Shirky’s thesis, which Casaleggio and Beppe both read closely, was being borne out by events. Around this time the Occupy Movement in the United States started to use the Net to coordinate offline sit-ins and occupations; the Pirate Party, founded by Rick Falkvinge (whom I’d later meet, see Chapter 8), was using internet-enabled direct democracy to score stunning victories in Germany, Sweden and Iceland; and Tommy Robinson was setting up a Facebook group that would turn into the English Defence League.* Barack Obama—an outsider in 2007—was elected US president in 2008 thanks in part to his active social media following.

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They ensure we have new ideas to draw on as our societies adapt, as they surely must, to the challenges of this century. And we need to tolerate, even encourage, a wide range of these experiments because we never know which ones we might need. Radicals also open avenues that others might one day pursue, by injecting imagination, ambition and daring into politics. The Occupy movement of the last decade played a pivotal role in starting political conversations about corporate greed, wages, inequality and austerity (some of which Donald Trump has taken up). The 1968-ers did not turn France into a situationist/anarchist/Marxist state (thankfully), but many of its cultural arguments—over sexual liberation and feminism—transformed society in myriad positive ways.

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See coal; Ffos-y-fran coal mine, trespass on mining, bitcoin, 288 Mohammadi, Rahmaan, 138 Montevido Convention, 281 More, Max, 11–12, 45 MoVimento 5 Stelle (Five Star Movement) anthem, 153 blog, 159, 163, 178, 181–183 capital “V” in, 154 digital populism and, 156–158 European Parliament and, 168–173 Meetup groups, 159–160, 162, 166–168 MEPs from, 170–173 parliament impacted by, 166 parliamentary election of 2013 votes for, 155, 164–165 promise of, 162 start of, 158–161 in 2010 regional elections, 164 Muehl, Otto, 203, 209 Musk, Elon, 36 Muslims Busher on framing stories of, 73 immigration into Europe, 50, 52–53, 77 living in Western democracies, 130 Pegida desire for integration of, 89–90 Pegida world view and, 73–74 Prevent viewed by, 133–134, 136 Robinson and, 72–73, 82 Trump focus on, 147, 149 unfair targeting of, 137–138 Weston on, 75 See also British Muslims Muslims Women’s Network UK, 73 Mussolini, Benito, 187–188 NAD (enzyme), 32 Nanas, 255–257, 260–263 National Geographic, 15 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 98 nation-state model, 273, 274, 300–301 Native American cultures, psychedelics in, 101 Negroponte, Nicholas, 157 neo-Nazis, 76 Netherlands, psilocybin as legal in, 112 New Age, 216 Newbury Bypass, 236 nimbyism. See activism, nimbyism and Nixon, Richard, 105 non-dualism, 110–111 Obama, Barack, 161, 263 Occupy Movement, 160–161 oil, 263–264 Dakota Access Pipeline, 265–266 open-cast coal mines, 247–248, 249 Our Posthuman Future (Fukuyama), 38 Overton, Joseph, 3 Overton window, 3, 7, 305, 309 Owen, Robert, 205, 307 Paffard, Danni, 109, 240–241, 246, 251 Pahnke, Walter, 102 Paris Climate Talk, demonstrations during, 241–242 Paris deal, 236 parliament, European bloc party system in, 169 Five Star Movement and, 155, 166, 168–173 2014 elections, 167 Parsons, Tony, 111 Pascal, Blaise, 13 Pasok (Greek democratic party), 4 Pasokification, 4 Pearce, David, 12 Peggy Sue’s (diner), 39 Pegida, 50, 53, 54 far right stance of, 51–52 Muslim integration desire of, 89–90 Muslim stereotyping by, 74–75 Pegida-Polska, 89 Pegida-UK, 60 Birmingham demonstration, 86–93 demonstrations, 88 Dresden rally of, 85, 86, 88 failure of, 90–91, 92 fascism and anti-fascism issues, 70–76 heroism and, 82–83 Islamist radicalism opposed by, 82 Islamist totalitarianism fear of, 71–72 leadership, 49, 61–66 Prague Declaration by, 50, 85 social drinking and, 83–85 supporters of, 77 Trump and, 91–93 Pelliser, Hank, 43 Periscope, 68, 84 Phillips, Jess, 81 Pistono, Federico, 182 Place of the Children, in Tamera commune, 195 Podemos party, 5, 306 polarised politics, 186 police, 87–88 border, 283, 295 at Liberland conference, 283 undercover, 238, 239 politics left-wing, 80–81 myth of, 174 polarised, 186 rules for establishing political parties, 40–41 social media and, 177–178 two major trends in, 156–157 unpredictable nature of, 7 in Western democracies, 184 See also digital politics populism, 309 digital, 156–158 Grillo and, 176–177 Mussolini and, 187–188 social media and, 180 Prague Declaration, by Pegida-UK, 50, 85 presidential campaign tour, Gyurko, 13–14, 16–17 assistant, 18, 27 bio-hacking lab stop on, 20–27 election votes and, 47 first day of, 19–20 in Las Vegas, 30–36, 41 media coverage after, 46–47 media-generation of, 41–44 opposition to, 44–45 participants in, 18 social media and, 27–28 in Washington D.C., 46 Prevent budget of, 136 CAGE and, 145–146 Channel Panel of, 140–144 critical thinking role of, 150–151 criticism and challenges of, 136–140, 144, 145 first projects of, 133–134 Islamophobia legalising and, 146 major problem for, 148–149 misperceptions about, 139 publicizing of, 134 purpose of, 136 al-Qaeda and, 132–133 radicalisation and, 136–140 reason for starting, 132–133 structure of, 139–140 suit against, 146 Syria and, 144 terrorism complexity challenge of, 134–135 2011 revamping of, 135 unintentional side effects of, 144–148 unseen successes of, 144–145 US version of, 132 psilocybin, 96, 101–102 bloodstream entered by, 118 brain functioning and, 117–118 legal use of, 112 personal experience of, 125–128 serotonin effects mimicked by, 118 2014 research on, 117–118 Weekend Experience and, 112–116 psychedelic drugs, 97 benefits of, 122 best practice guidelines, 108 celebrities and, 98 danger of, 100 effects of, 108 hallucinations, 115 Huxley, A., on experience during, 116 Leary’s experience with, 95–96 mindset and, 99–100 in Native American cultures, 101 Netherlands legality of, 112 non-dualism and, 110–111 outlawing of, 105 paranoia from, 108 personal experience of psilocybin, 125–128 psilocybin research in 2014, 117–118 resurgence in 1990s, 105–106 right conditions for profound effect from, 121 safe environment for, 124 societies and retreats, 97–98 studies on, 101–104, 106–109 as truth initiation, 124–125 unity and transcendence feeling from, 116 See also Weekend Experience, Psychedelic Society Psychedelic Society aspirations and website of, 120–121 drug laws and, 111–112 founder of, 96, 100, 109–112 quest for meaning represented by, 122 See also Weekend Experience, Psychedelic Society Psychoactive Substances Bill, 111–112 psychodrama, 194 Qadir, Hanif, 143–144 al-Qaeda, 131, 132–133, 143, 149 Qu’ran, 143, 178 Qureshi, Asim, 145 radicalisation conveyor-belt model, 137–138 definition of, 136 far-right and far-left, 149 Prevent and, 136–140 radicalism climate change and, 308–309 compromise and, 314–315 disruptive nature of, 7–8 in early nineteenth-century Europe, 307 liberal democracies and, 131, 312, 316 line between mainstream and, 5 Mill example of changing perceptions of, 1 radical decentralisation and, 289–290 scope of explored, 6 2016 and, 305–306, 311–312 types of, 306 US prevention model, 132 See also Islamist radicalism radicals age of, 307–316 danger of silencing, 311 definition and Latin root of, 4 historical examples of now-extolled, 308 importance of, 307–316 mainstream as influenced by, 312–313 optimism of, 299 paradox of, 315 as source of hope, 315–316 uncertainty and, 310 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chip, 23, 24–26 Raggi, Virginia, 174 Ram Dass.

The End of Power: From Boardrooms to Battlefields and Churches to States, Why Being in Charge Isn’t What It Used to Be by Moises Naim

"World Economic Forum" Davos, additive manufacturing, AOL-Time Warner, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, bilateral investment treaty, business cycle, business process, business process outsourcing, call centre, citizen journalism, Clayton Christensen, clean water, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collective bargaining, colonial rule, conceptual framework, corporate governance, creative destruction, crony capitalism, deskilling, disinformation, disintermediation, disruptive innovation, don't be evil, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial deregulation, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, illegal immigration, immigration reform, income inequality, income per capita, intangible asset, intermodal, invisible hand, job-hopping, Joseph Schumpeter, Julian Assange, Kickstarter, Lewis Mumford, liberation theology, Martin Wolf, mega-rich, megacity, military-industrial complex, Naomi Klein, Nate Silver, new economy, Northern Rock, Occupy movement, open borders, open economy, Peace of Westphalia, plutocrats, price mechanism, price stability, private military company, profit maximization, prosperity theology / prosperity gospel / gospel of success, radical decentralization, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, seminal paper, Silicon Valley, Skype, Steve Jobs, The Nature of the Firm, Thomas Malthus, too big to fail, trade route, transaction costs, Twitter Arab Spring, vertical integration, Washington Consensus, WikiLeaks, World Values Survey, zero-sum game

Few could have anticipated that, when a small band of Malaysian activists decided in the summer of 2011 to “occupy” Dataran square in Kuala Lumpur, thus emulating the Indignados (“the indignant ones”) camping in Madrid’s Puerta del Sol, a similar movement would spring up to occupy Wall Street and spark similar initiatives in 2,600 cities around the world. Although the concrete political changes produced by the “Occupy” movements have thus far been meager, their impact is worthy of notice. As noted 1960s chronicler Todd Gitlin observed, “The sort of sea changes in public conversation that took three years to develop during the long-gone sixties—about brutal war, unsatisfying affluence, debased politics, and the suppressed democratic promise—took three weeks in 2011.”16 In terms of speed, impact, and new forms of horizontal organization, the Occupy movements also revealed the erosion of the monopoly that traditional political parties once had over the channels through which members of society transmitted their grievances, hopes, and demands.

…

It led to the toppling of the government there and ultimately to the contagious wave of protests and demonstrations throughout the Middle East that became the Arab Spring. Millions of once passive—and repressed—citizens became political actors willing to make extreme sacrifices that included not just risking their own lives but even putting their families in danger. In contrast to the “Occupy” movements, which so far have been unable to convert political energy into political power, in the Arab Spring the political awakening did lead to important power shifts. Thus, whereas under normal circumstances political participation is for small groups of engaged activists, in other instances, such as revolutions, political activism becomes the obsessive focus of entire societies.

The Great Economists: How Their Ideas Can Help Us Today by Linda Yueh

3D printing, additive manufacturing, Asian financial crisis, augmented reality, bank run, banking crisis, basic income, Bear Stearns, Ben Bernanke: helicopter money, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, bike sharing, bitcoin, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, BRICs, business cycle, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, clean water, collective bargaining, computer age, Corn Laws, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, cryptocurrency, currency peg, dark matter, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, debt deflation, declining real wages, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, Doha Development Round, Donald Trump, endogenous growth, everywhere but in the productivity statistics, export processing zone, Fall of the Berlin Wall, fear of failure, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial innovation, Financial Instability Hypothesis, fixed income, forward guidance, full employment, general purpose technology, Gini coefficient, Glass-Steagall Act, global supply chain, Great Leap Forward, Gunnar Myrdal, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, index card, indoor plumbing, industrial robot, information asymmetry, intangible asset, invisible hand, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, laissez-faire capitalism, land reform, lateral thinking, life extension, low interest rates, manufacturing employment, market bubble, means of production, middle-income trap, mittelstand, Money creation, Mont Pelerin Society, moral hazard, mortgage debt, negative equity, Nelson Mandela, non-tariff barriers, Northern Rock, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, open economy, paradox of thrift, Paul Samuelson, price mechanism, price stability, Productivity paradox, purchasing power parity, quantitative easing, RAND corporation, rent control, rent-seeking, reserve currency, reshoring, road to serfdom, Robert Shiller, Robert Solow, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, school vouchers, secular stagnation, Shenzhen was a fishing village, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, special economic zone, Steve Jobs, technological determinism, The Chicago School, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, too big to fail, total factor productivity, trade liberalization, universal basic income, unorthodox policies, Washington Consensus, We are the 99%, women in the workforce, working-age population

Hayek opposed the use of monetary policy, which is when the cost and quantity of money in the economy is adjusted to influence growth, as well as Keynes’s fiscal activism, setting him at odds with much of the economics profession. Although Hayek found an intellectual home at the London School of Economics and Political Science, his theories are still not widely accepted in academia. With capitalism itself now under attack in the aftermath of the Great Recession by the Occupy movement and others, Hayek’s ideas have come back into fashion as the search continues for arguments to defend the market system against growing scepticism. Those ideas can help us discern whether there are any lessons to be learned from the financial crisis. Joan Robinson, another of the twentieth-century’s leading lights, is the sole woman among the Greats in this book, which reflects the chronic dearth of women in economics.

…

He placed himself, with his penchant for reinvention during a varied career, among the ranks of those innovators, many of whom have changed the way that we live. Schumpeter believed that the innovator-entrepreneur had a ‘will to conquer … Our type seeks out difficulties, changes in order to change, delights in ventures.’43 CHAPTER 8 Friedrich Hayek: What Can We Learn from Financial Crises? On 15 October 2011 members of the Occupy movement attempted to set up a protest camp in Paternoster Square, outside the London Stock Exchange. They were foiled, as the area was privately owned, so any protesters would have been trespassing and the police were able to seal off the entrance before any could enter. However, the group of around 3,000 people simply gathered instead outside nearby St Paul’s Cathedral, where an indefinite camp was established.

…

Occupy’s slogan, ‘We are the 99 per cent’, referred to the high proportion of global wealth accounted for by the top 1 per cent of the distribution. They reflected the widespread public anger in the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis. The protesters called for financial reform, a fairer distribution of income and wealth and a rejection of austerity. The Occupy movement reflected the modern version of a struggle that had been ongoing since the previous century. The twentieth century had witnessed an ideological battle between socialism and welfare state capitalism, culminating in the triumph of the latter with the fall of the Berlin Wall and the lifting of the Iron Curtain in 1989, which led to the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Revolting!: How the Establishment Are Undermining Democracy and What They're Afraid Of by Mick Hume

anti-communist, battle of ideas, Berlin Wall, Boris Johnson, Brexit referendum, central bank independence, colonial rule, David Brooks, disinformation, Donald Trump, eurozone crisis, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Jeremy Corbyn, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, non-tariff barriers, Occupy movement, open borders, plutocrats, post-truth, public intellectual, Slavoj Žižek, the scientific method, We are the 99%, World Values Survey

On the radical wing of the anti-sovereignty movement are the anti-globalisation movements which claim that, with national democracy outdated and all but useless in an interconnected world dominated by ‘neo-liberal’ market economics, new globalised protest networks are needed. According to one recent sympathetic account, the World Social Forum and Occupy movements envisage a ‘new democratic subject’: a ‘politically progressive cosmopolitan agent of the neo-liberal age, able to move fluidly among sites of power and resistance, from the national to the regional, the local and the global … The democratic subject is formed in the space between local confrontation and global techniques of organisation and consciousness-raising’, seeking ‘a broader and more fluid global community committed to democratic thought and practices’.19 Blimey.

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The mythical democratic subject ‘formed in the space between’ the local and the global seems to be floating around the globe (or at least the World Wide Web) adrift from notions of accountability and responsibility. Thus they can assume the ‘democratic’ right to speak on behalf of the global masses, without any need to ask those people what they might think or want. The famous slogan of the Occupy movements that camped out in various Western cities asserted, ‘We are the 99 per cent!’ A bold claim from protests that did not even number anywhere near 1 per cent. These ‘new democratic subjects’ have redefined democracy to mean staging media-oriented protests ‘on behalf of’ the passive populace, whether the people want it or not.

Blueprint for Revolution: How to Use Rice Pudding, Lego Men, and Other Nonviolent Techniques to Galvanize Communities, Overthrow Dictators, or Simply Change the World by Srdja Popovic, Matthew Miller

Albert Einstein, Berlin Wall, British Empire, corporate governance, desegregation, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Jane Jacobs, Kibera, Kickstarter, Kinder Surprise, Mahatma Gandhi, McMansion, Mikhail Gorbachev, Mohammed Bouazizi, Nelson Mandela, Occupy movement, Rosa Parks, Twitter Arab Spring, urban planning, urban sprawl

With images of the Arab Spring inspiring millions throughout the region, the Syrians thought it would be a simple enough thing to take down Assad. They thought that all they needed was a few tens of thousands of eager young people showing up in the middle of Damascus waving their sts, and their dictator would fall just as quickly as had Mubarak in Egypt and Ben Ali in Tunisia before him. But the Syrians, like the leaders of the Occupy movement in the United States, were deceived by the apparent simplicity of the revolutions in Egypt and elsewhere. What people didn’t realize was that the group of Egyptian revolutionaries trained by CANVAS in Belgrade had spent two years winning small victories, building coalitions, and branding their movement before they undertook their Tahrir Square action.

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I might answer, “Well, my wife and I live in a ve-hundred-square-foot apartment and drive a car that’s almost a decade old. So yes, I guess I de nitely feel like the 99 percent.” I’d probably even wear a pin that said that. Why not? But if they asked me, “Do you feel like occupying Zuccotti Park?” I’d be less likely to sign up. With just a simple name change, the Occupy movement could have shown themselves welcoming of so many people: the urban, the rural, the conservative, the liberal, the short, the tall, the drivers, and the pedestrians. I would have loved to see that happen. That’s because unity, in the end, is about much more than having everybody line up behind a particular candidate or issue.

The Age of Illusions: How America Squandered Its Cold War Victory by Andrew J. Bacevich

affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Alan Greenspan, anti-communist, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, clean water, Columbian Exchange, Credit Default Swap, cuban missile crisis, David Brooks, deindustrialization, Donald Trump, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, friendly fire, gig economy, Glass-Steagall Act, global village, Gordon Gekko, greed is good, Greenspan put, illegal immigration, income inequality, Jeff Bezos, Kickstarter, Marshall McLuhan, mass incarceration, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, Monroe Doctrine, Norman Mailer, obamacare, Occupy movement, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, planetary scale, plutocrats, Potemkin village, price stability, Project for a New American Century, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan: Tear down this wall, Saturday Night Live, school choice, Seymour Hersh, Silicon Valley, Steve Bannon, Thomas L Friedman, too big to fail, traumatic brain injury, trickle-down economics, We are all Keynesians now, WikiLeaks

During this “Great Compression,” destined to last into the 1970s, the rich got richer, but low-income and middle-income Americans also benefited appreciably, enough to reduce the gap between the well-to-do and everyone else.10 By 2016, the Great Compression had long since given way to a Great Decompression. While the rich were still getting richer, most others struggled just to keep up. Meanwhile, social cohesion had seriously eroded. None of this qualified as a secret. During the previous decade, economic discontent had inspired both the right-wing Tea Party and the left-wing Occupy Movement. Each created a stir without leaving much of a lasting mark. Until Sanders (and Trump) came along, protest was confined to the fringes, while the seemingly impervious juggernaut of globalized neoliberalism kept rolling on. Members of the political establishment saw no reason why it should not continue to do so indefinitely.

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See globalized neoliberalism neo-populism Neptune Spear, Operation New Deal New Hampshire primary New Orleans, Battle of New Republic new world order Bill Clinton and Buchanan and Bush Jr. and Bush Sr. and globalization and Wilson and New York Daily News New York Times Niebuhr, Reinhold Nixon, Richard Nobel Peace Prize Noriega, Manuel North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) North Korea Novak, Robert nuclear arms Iran and North Korea and Nuremberg tribunal Obama, Barack accomplishments of Afghanistan and bin Laden and economy and election of 2008 and freedom and Hillary Clinton and Iraq and Nobel Prize and primaries of 2016 and ranking of RMA and Trump and Obamacare Obergefell v. Hodges Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Occupy Movement opioid crisis Oslo Peace Accords Paine, Thomas Pakistan Panama Paris Accord on climate change Partisan Review Pataki, George patriarchy Paul, Rand Pax Americana globalized capitalism and policing of peace dividend peace-through-dominion Pearl Harbor attacks pensions People Perot, H.

Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis by Robert D. Putnam

assortative mating, business cycle, classic study, confounding variable, correlation does not imply causation, deindustrialization, demographic transition, desegregation, digital divide, ending welfare as we know it, epigenetics, full employment, George Akerlof, helicopter parent, impulse control, income inequality, index card, jobless men, longitudinal study, low skilled workers, machine readable, manufacturing employment, mass incarceration, meta-analysis, mortgage tax deduction, new economy, Occupy movement, Ralph Waldo Emerson, randomized controlled trial, school choice, selection bias, Socratic dialogue, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, the built environment, the strength of weak ties, upwardly mobile, Walter Mischel, white flight, working poor

But first, zooming out from our close focus on Port Clinton to a wide-angle view of contemporary American society, let’s examine the principle of equality and what it actually means for Americans today. Inequality in America: The Broader Picture Contemporary discussion of inequality in America often conflates two related but distinct issues: • Equality of income and wealth. The distribution of income and wealth among adults in today’s America—framed by the Occupy movement as the 1 percent versus the 99 percent—has generated much partisan debate during the past several years. Historically, however, most Americans have not been greatly worried about that sort of inequality: we tend not to begrudge others their success or care how high the socioeconomic ladder is, assuming that everyone has an equal chance to climb it, given equal merit and energy

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Bill, 160–61 gifted-and-talented programs, 143, 153 Gilded Age, 41, 191 global warming, 228 Golden, Claudia, 34 Goodnight Moon time, 126–27, 242 government policies: on child development, 248–51 on family structure, 244–48 on parenting, 248–51 on schooling, 251–58 grandparents: financial assistance from, 6, 133 as replacement parents, 102, 132–34, 149–52 Great Depression, 34, 74, 191 Great Migration, 13 Great Recession, 22, 35, 130, 148, 223 grit, 4, 111, 176, 241 H hand-me-downs, 9–11 Hardy Boys, The (mystery series), 87 Hargittai, Eszter, 211–12 Harlem Children’s Zone (HCZ), 254 Head Start, 153, 249–50 helicopter parents, 133 high school: drop outs and, 26, 56 educational attainment and, 183–84 equivalency tests (GEDs), 93, 157, 183 graduation rates and, 137 see also Santa Ana High School; Troy High School High School movement, 160, 183, 260 Holzer, Harry, 231 Hooked on Phonics, 85, 118 housing: affordable, 251–52 crowded, 136 mixed-income, 251–52 school choice and, 164 vouchers for, 60, 247 Hout, Michael, 36 hug/spank ratio, 121 I immigrants: European, 192 Latino, 47, 84, 135 traditional marriage and, 72 unaccompanied children as, 261 upward mobility and, 141 imprisonment, parental, 76–77, 77 child poverty and, 26–27, 152 policy changes and, 247–48 incarceration policy, 76, 247–48 income: academic achievement and, 162, 165 distribution of, 22, 23, 31–32 Earned Income Tax Credit and, 247 equality, 31–34 mixed-income housing and, 251–52 social mobility and, 43–44 trends in, 35–36 income inequality, 37 in 21st century, 35, 43 low- vs. high-income schools and, 137, 138, 163, 166 Occupy movement and, 31 opportunity gap and, 227–28 poor old-timers vs. rich newcomers, 47, 251 residential segregation and, 38–39, 38 individualism, 206, 261 informal mentoring, 213 intensive parenting, 128 intergenerational mobility, 31, 82, 233 Internet: fund-raising and, 205 political uses of, 236 social networks and, 211–12, 269 Invisible Man (Ellison), 18 Isabella, 137, 139, 141–48, 160, 161, 165, 169, 182, 225 Ivy League schools: competitive pressure and, 139, 145, 147 educational attainment and, 139, 142, 198 graduation from, 148, 193 J James Joyce (Ellmann), 1 Jesse, 2, 12–16, 18–19, 30, 274 Jim Crow South, 13, 81 Job Corps training programs, 59 Joe, 54–56, 58–60, 64, 68, 73, 79, 118, 167 John, 203–204 “John Henry effect,” 113 Junior Women’s Club, 8 K Katz, Lawrence, 34, 160, 231 Kayla, 49, 54–61, 64–65, 67–68, 78, 115, 118, 125, 128, 185, 188, 216, 221, 234, 240, 256 Kefalas, Maria, 73–74 Kensington, 192–193, 198–205, 213, 216–221 Kenworthy, Lane, 246 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 241 Kirk, David, 170 Knott’s Berry Farm, 141, 162 Kornhauser, William, 239–40 L Laguna Beach, Calif., 136 Lake Erie, 3, 21 Land-Grant College movement, 160–61 language: as barrier to education, 155, 159 social class and, 29, 116 Lareau, Annette, 118 Latinos, 39, 47, 101, 267 affluent, 139–48, 158–60 in gangs, 140, 149, 152 in Orange County, Calif., 131, 135–37, 140–41, 144, 158–59, 175 poverty of, 148–58 traditional marriages and, 72, 84 see also specific individuals Lauren, 83, 92–100, 123, 185, 188, 216, 256 learning disabilities, 111, 163 Libby, 2, 9–12, 18–19, 30, 274 library cards, 97 licking and grooming, 115 life stories, research for, 263–77 see also specific accounts of individuals LinkedIn, 211 Lisa, 198–206, 216, 225, 234, 256, 257 logging industry, 46 Lola, 132, 137, 148–57, 161, 171–72, 175, 178, 182, 184, 188, 216, 234, 240, 256, 267, 269 Los Angeles, Calif., 135, 139 Lower Merion, 192–98, 205, 206, 217, 221 M McGuffey’s Reader, 33 McLanahan, Sara, 63, 65, 68, 69–70, 71 Madeline, 193–96 manners, 10, 151 March on Washington, 241 Marines, U.S., 157 Marnie, 193–98, 205, 209, 211, 229, 264, 269 marriage: class gap and, 40–41 cohabitation vs., 67–68 government policies and, 244 shotgun, 62 traditional, 7, 12, 62, 72 marriage trap, 56 Mary Sue, 221, 268 Massey, Douglas, 34, 44–45, 252 mass movements, 240 medical insurance, 201 mentors, mentoring: Big Brothers Big Sisters, 213 church leaders as, 4, 197 class gap and, 213–16, 215 formal vs. informal, 213 parents as, 98, 197 as solution to class gap, 259 sports coaches as, 14 teachers as, 141, 196 methods appendix: qualitative research, 263–74 quantitative research, 268–69 Michelle, 83, 92–100, 125, 128, 185, 188, 216, 234, 256, 267, 270 mining industry, 13, 16, 20 Mississippi, 13, 14 mobility: absolute vs. relative, 41–42 intergenerational, 31, 82–83 methods of assessing, 43–44 PCHS class of ’59 and, 4, 7 social, 31–34, 43–44 trends in, 228–29 see also upward mobility Molly, 198–206, 217, 218, 224, 233 Mommy and Me classes, 86 money: “old money” gentry and, 25 parental spending and, 125–26 politics and, 238–39 mothers: age at child’s birth and, 64, 65 employment of, 71, 71 marital status and, 66–68, 66 stay-at-home, 71 Mount Laurel, 251–52 Moving to Opportunity, 223 Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 62 multi-partner fertility, 68–71, 78 Mullainathan, Sendhil, 130 Murnane, Richard, 250 My Brother’s Keeper, 213 “My City Was Gone” (song), 1 N natural growth, 118 neglect: educational, 155 parental, 26, 104, 111–12 Negro Family, The (Moynihan), 62 neighborhoods: affluence vs. poverty and, 217–23, 219 childhood obesity and, 222–23, 222 class segregation and, 38–39, 38 crime in, 102–3, 199–200 Moving to Opportunity and, 223 regeneration of, 259–60 safety and, 97, 140 social trust and, 219–21, 219 neighborhood development, 251, 259–60 Nelson, Timothy J., 68 New Deal, 34 New Hope Program, 260 New Orleans, La., 102–4 New York, N.Y., 81, 84, 254 1950s: affluence in, 5–6 class disparities in, 6–9 economic mobility during, 9–12 family structure and, 62–63 parental involvement in schools during, 156 Port Clinton during, 1–19, 29–30 race in and, 12–19 social norms of, 12 working class in, 3–4 Nixon, Richard, 135 noncognitive skills, 111, 176 O obesity, childhood, 222–23, 222 Occupy movement, 31 Okun, Arthur, 230–31, 234 opportunity, equality: as American Dream, 41–44 child development for, 248–58 class gap and, 31–34 Declaration of Independence and, 241 through democracy, 230, 234–41 diminishing the gap of, 260–61 through economic growth, 230–34 education and, 32, 44–45, 137, 161, 258 fairness in, 22, 241–42, 264 income distribution and, 31–32 mobility and, 31–34, 41–44 moral obligation to, 240–42 social mobility and, 41–44 statistical evidence and, 42–43 opportunity gap, 227–61 child development and, 248–51 community and, 258–60 community colleges and, 257–58 democracy and, 234–40 economic growth and, 230–34 family structure and, 244–48 income equality and, 227–28 moral obligation and, 240–42 opportunity costs and, 230 opportunity youth and, 232, 232 schools and, 251–58 solutions to, 242–44, 260–61 Orange County, Calif.: affluence in, 135, 139–143, 264–265, 270–71 demographic changes in, 135–36 Latinos in, 135–37, 139–43, 148–52, 158–59 life stories of, see Clara; Isabella; Lola; Ricardo; Sofia Santa Ana schools in, 137, 138, 153–57 Troy High School in, 137, 138, 143–48 working-class communities, 265 Orfield, Gary, 165 Origins of Totalitarianism (Arendt), 240 out-out-wedlock births, see nonmarital pregnancies Ozzie-and-Harriet families, 61, 63 P para-school funding, see fund-raising parental leave, 248 parenting, 80–134 age of mother and, 64, 65 child development and, 109–17 class gap and, 119–22, 120, 133–34 day care and, 128–30, 248–49 education of parents and, 119, 249 family dinners and, 24, 122–24, 124 government policies on, 248–51 grandparents and, 132–34 imprisonment and, 26–27, 76–77, 77, 152, 247–48 investments in children, 24, 29, 51, 86–88, 92, 123–24, 127, 143, 145, 159, 166–67, 195 nonmarital births and, 66–68, 66 permissive, 117 planned vs. unplanned births and, 64–65 school involvement and, 24, 86, 156, 167 solutions for problems in, 248–51 spending and, 125–26, 126 stress and, 130–32 time and, 26, 59, 88, 126–28, 127 verbal, 120 parenting trends, 117–34 parent-teacher association (PTA), 88, 167 parochial schools, 84, 254–55 Patty, 50–52, 92, 128, 229 pay-to-play policies, 180–81, 258 peer pressure, 160–73 People of Plenty (Potter), 33 Percheski, Christine, 69–70 permissive parenting, 117 Philadelphia, Pa.: community disparity in, 191–206 life stories of, see Amy; Eleanor; Lisa, Madeline; Marnie; Molly Philadelphia Story, The (film), 191 Philadelphia Youth Orchestra, 204 piano lessons, 86, 139, 178, 194 pluralism, 136 Police Athletic League (PAL), 199–200 politics: class gap and, 237–40 class savvy and, 11, 140 Politics of Mass Society, The (Kornhauser), 240 Port Clinton, Ohio, 1–45 in 1950s, 1–9, 29–30, 270; see also Port Clinton High School (PCHS) in 21st century, 2, 19–30, 270 affluence in, 5–6, 24–26 class gap and, 2, 6–9, 19–30, 270 factory closings in, 20 life stories of, see Cheryl; Chelsea; David; Don; Frank; Jesse; Libby opportunity gap in, 29 poverty in, 22, 23, 26–29 race in, 12–19 Port Clinton High School (PCHS), 3–6, 9–19 class of 1959, 3 Potter, David, 33 poverty: antipoverty programs and, 246–47 in Bend, Oreg., 47–48, 48 child development and, 116 costs of, 231–32 family instability and, 74 in Kensington, 198–206 in neighborhoods, 217–19, 219 in New Orleans, La., 102–3 in Port Clinton, Ohio, 22, 23 in Santa Ana, Calif., 136–38, 138, 170 schools and, 169–71, 171 pregnancy: marital, 203, 205 nonmarital, 61–62, 66–72, 66, 75, 78, 162, 204, 243, 245 teen, 2, 70, 196, 203–5, 245–46 trends in, 64–66, 73–75 premarital sex: family structure and, 62 teens and, 196, 203–5 Pretenders, The (band), 1 prison, see imprisonment, parental private schools, 52, 173, 194 Progressive Era, 244, 253, 256 property taxes, 165 prostitution, 152 public education system: Common School movement and, 160 equal opportunity and, 32 High School movement and, 160 Land-Grant College movement and, 160–61 see also class gap, education and public policy, 75–76 Q qualitative research, 263–74 constraints of, 272–84 life stories as, 263 model for, 265–66 participants and, 265–67 sample and, 270–71 Sandelson and, 265 Silva and, 270–71, 269–71 topics of, 267–68 quantitative research, 274–77 data sets and, 277 life stories as, 274 PCHS class of ’59 survey, 274–75 statistics of, 276–77 survey results, 276 R race: in 1950s, 12–19 in 21st century, 18, 91 affluence and, 84–92 class gap and, 76, 161–62 college scholarships and, 14, 17 in discrimination and segregation, 81–83 socializing and, 16–18 racism, 18–19 reading, 87, 143, 249 real estate: good schools and, 164 in Port Clinton, Ohio, 22 property taxes and, 165 white flight and, 81 Reardon, Sean, 161–62, 280 “rearview mirror” method, 44 relative mobility, 41–42 religion: child development and, 89–90 church attendance and, 224–25, 225 communities and, 197, 201–4, 223–26 see also churches research: field, 264 financial support and, 266 leadership of, 266 undergraduate, 265 see also qualitative research; quantitative research residential segregation: affordable housing and, 251–52 income and, 38–39, 38 schools and, 163–64, 251–52 residential sorting, 163 Ricardo, 137, 139, 141, 143, 146, 148, 165, 229 Riis, Jacob, 41 Rocky (film), 191–92 Rotary Club, 8 row houses, 192 Rust Belt, 30, 73, 264 S Sampson, Robert, 170, 217–18 San Diego, Calif., 135 Santa Ana, Calif.: as America’s most troubled city, 136 gangs in, 136, 170 poverty in, 136–37, 138, 170 Santa Ana High School, 59, 136–38, 148, 153–58, 163–64, 166–67, 169–70 characteristics of, 136 SATs (scholastic aptitude tests): as academic measure, 137, 142, 246 competitive pressure and, 139 preparation for, 144, 147, 197, 206 savvy gap, 213–16 Sawhill, Isabel, 79, 229, 245 Scarcity (Mullainathan and Shafir), 130 scholarships, 8 for black students, 14, 17 for Latino students, 141 school choice, 97, 164–65 school climate, 97, 153–54, 171–73 schools, schooling, 135–90 AP classes and, 39, 143, 168, 168, 173 Catholic, 84, 201, 254–55 class divergence and, 160 class gap and, 137, 138, 160–73 discipline problems in, 171 drugs and violence in, 153–54, 170 educational attainment and, 183–90, 189, 190 extracurricular activities and, 174–83, 177 finances of, 165–66 fund-raising and, 137, 147, 167 government policies and, 251–58 inequality in, 137, 138 Latino communities and, 158–60 opportunity gap and, 251–58 peer influence in, 11, 160-73, 197, 214, 236 poverty in, 169–70, 171 private schools and, 52, 173, 194 public education system and, 160–61 residential segregation and, 163–64, 251–52 solutions for problems in, 251–58 tracking and, 143, 173 see also education; specific schools Science Olympiad, 144 Schlozman, Kay, 236 Scott, Helen Hope Montgomery, 191 seat belts, sociological, 224 SeaWorld, 151 Section 8 housing assistance, 60 security, emotional, 53, 115 segregation, residential, 38–39, 38, 163–64, 251–52 “Self-Reliance” (Emerson), 261 serve-and-return interactions, 110, 123, 126 sexual norms, 73 Shafir, Eldar, 130 Shonkoff, Jack, 109–12 shotgun marriages, 62 Silva, Jennifer: field research and, 264 research methods appendix and, 263–74 Simone, 83, 84–92, 101, 110, 117–19, 122, 128, 143, 164, 166, 174, 206 single-parent families: changing family structure and, 69–71, 70, 92–101 in 1970s, 21, 62 nonmarital births and, 66–68, 66 parental imprisonment and, 76 social class: education and, 44–45 language and, 29, 116 parenting style and, 119–22, 120 see also class gap social isolation, 16–17, 28, 211 social mobility, 31–34, 43–44 social networks: affluence and, 209–10, 209 churches as, 4, 10, 89–90, 201, 206 class gap and, 207–10, 208 communities and, 207–13 Internet and, 211–12, 269 social safety net, and communities, 132, 206, 229, 246–47, 254, 258–59, 261, 264, 265 social trust, 95, 201, 219–20 socioeconomic status (SES), 189–90 Sofia, 132, 137, 148–58, 160–61, 165, 168, 171, 172, 175, 178, 182, 185, 188, 216, 234, 256, 269 soft skills, 174–76 spending, parental, 125–26, 126 Spock, Benjamin, 117 sports: class gap and, 178, 179 as equalizer, 4, 97 pay-to-play policies and, 180–81, 258 Title IX and, 175 Stephanie, 83, 92–101, 110–11, 114, 117, 120–21, 123, 128, 163, 167, 263, 267 step-parents, 63, 93 step-siblings, 57, 63 stress: competitive, 144–45 financial, 130–31, 131 parental, 130–32 toxic, 111–14 suburbs, 261, 265 summer learning gap, 86–87, 143, 162 Sun Belt, 80 Supporting Healthy Marriage program, 244 T teachers: Talent Transfer Initiative and, 253 teacher flight and, 253 teacher quality and, 137 teacher salaries and, 165–66 team sports, see sports technology, 143, 212, 257, 265 see also computers; Internet teen pregnancy, 203–5, 245–46 television, 3, 57, 89, 91, 93, 117, 119, 123, 128, 162 test scores: K-12 education and, 161–62 see also SATs Tiger Moms, 145, 159 time, child-parent relationships and, 126–28, 127 Tolstoy, Leo, 61 tough love, 88, 96, 100–101, 120, 195 toxic stress, 111–14 tracking, 143, 173 traditional families, 61–62 traditional marriage, 7, 12, 62, 72 trailer parks, 22, 57 travel, 53 Troy High School, 137, 142, 143–48, 163, 165 characteristics of, 138 competitive pressure at, 139, 144–45 curriculum of, 143–44, 213 extracurricular activities in, 145–47 fund-raising and, 147 Newsweek ranking of, 143 Tiger Moms and, 145 trust: building of, 270 social, 95, 201, 219–21 trust funds, 6 U unemployment, 20, 136 United Auto Workers (UAW), 8 upward mobility: gender and, 11 parental spending and, 125 PCHS class of ’59 and, 4, 7 race and, 18 2nd generation immigrants and, 141 trends in, 228–29 V values, 75, 240 Verba, Sidney, 236 verbal parenting, 120 veterans, 160–61 violence: in New Orleans, La., 102–3 in Santa Ana, Calif., 136 in schools, 153–54, 170 in South, 13 vocabulary gap, 92 vocational education, 255–56 volunteer work, 157, 259 voting, 235–37, 235 W Waldfogel, Jane, 122, 248 Waltham, Mass., 270, 272 War on Drugs, 76 Washbrook, Elizabeth, 122 weak ties, 198, 208–10, 208, 209 wealth gap, 31, 37 welfare system: costs of, 232 family structure and, 75 medical insurance and, 202 reforms of, 244 Wendy, 24–25, 29, 92, 143, 266 Weston, Mass., 270 white flight, 81 Y youth: church programs for, 202–4 Facebook and, 205, 269 recreation, 199 voting and, 235–37, 235 YouthBuild network, 256 Simon & Schuster 1230 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020 www.SimonandSchuster.com Copyright © 2015 by Robert D.

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., 81, 84, 254 1950s: affluence in, 5–6 class disparities in, 6–9 economic mobility during, 9–12 family structure and, 62–63 parental involvement in schools during, 156 Port Clinton during, 1–19, 29–30 race in and, 12–19 social norms of, 12 working class in, 3–4 Nixon, Richard, 135 noncognitive skills, 111, 176 O obesity, childhood, 222–23, 222 Occupy movement, 31 Okun, Arthur, 230–31, 234 opportunity, equality: as American Dream, 41–44 child development for, 248–58 class gap and, 31–34 Declaration of Independence and, 241 through democracy, 230, 234–41 diminishing the gap of, 260–61 through economic growth, 230–34 education and, 32, 44–45, 137, 161, 258 fairness in, 22, 241–42, 264 income distribution and, 31–32 mobility and, 31–34, 41–44 moral obligation to, 240–42 social mobility and, 41–44 statistical evidence and, 42–43 opportunity gap, 227–61 child development and, 248–51 community and, 258–60 community colleges and, 257–58 democracy and, 234–40 economic growth and, 230–34 family structure and, 244–48 income equality and, 227–28 moral obligation and, 240–42 opportunity costs and, 230 opportunity youth and, 232, 232 schools and, 251–58 solutions to, 242–44, 260–61 Orange County, Calif.: affluence in, 135, 139–143, 264–265, 270–71 demographic changes in, 135–36 Latinos in, 135–37, 139–43, 148–52, 158–59 life stories of, see Clara; Isabella; Lola; Ricardo; Sofia Santa Ana schools in, 137, 138, 153–57 Troy High School in, 137, 138, 143–48 working-class communities, 265 Orfield, Gary, 165 Origins of Totalitarianism (Arendt), 240 out-out-wedlock births, see nonmarital pregnancies Ozzie-and-Harriet families, 61, 63 P para-school funding, see fund-raising parental leave, 248 parenting, 80–134 age of mother and, 64, 65 child development and, 109–17 class gap and, 119–22, 120, 133–34 day care and, 128–30, 248–49 education of parents and, 119, 249 family dinners and, 24, 122–24, 124 government policies on, 248–51 grandparents and, 132–34 imprisonment and, 26–27, 76–77, 77, 152, 247–48 investments in children, 24, 29, 51, 86–88, 92, 123–24, 127, 143, 145, 159, 166–67, 195 nonmarital births and, 66–68, 66 permissive, 117 planned vs. unplanned births and, 64–65 school involvement and, 24, 86, 156, 167 solutions for problems in, 248–51 spending and, 125–26, 126 stress and, 130–32 time and, 26, 59, 88, 126–28, 127 verbal, 120 parenting trends, 117–34 parent-teacher association (PTA), 88, 167 parochial schools, 84, 254–55 Patty, 50–52, 92, 128, 229 pay-to-play policies, 180–81, 258 peer pressure, 160–73 People of Plenty (Potter), 33 Percheski, Christine, 69–70 permissive parenting, 117 Philadelphia, Pa.: community disparity in, 191–206 life stories of, see Amy; Eleanor; Lisa, Madeline; Marnie; Molly Philadelphia Story, The (film), 191 Philadelphia Youth Orchestra, 204 piano lessons, 86, 139, 178, 194 pluralism, 136 Police Athletic League (PAL), 199–200 politics: class gap and, 237–40 class savvy and, 11, 140 Politics of Mass Society, The (Kornhauser), 240 Port Clinton, Ohio, 1–45 in 1950s, 1–9, 29–30, 270; see also Port Clinton High School (PCHS) in 21st century, 2, 19–30, 270 affluence in, 5–6, 24–26 class gap and, 2, 6–9, 19–30, 270 factory closings in, 20 life stories of, see Cheryl; Chelsea; David; Don; Frank; Jesse; Libby opportunity gap in, 29 poverty in, 22, 23, 26–29 race in, 12–19 Port Clinton High School (PCHS), 3–6, 9–19 class of 1959, 3 Potter, David, 33 poverty: antipoverty programs and, 246–47 in Bend, Oreg., 47–48, 48 child development and, 116 costs of, 231–32 family instability and, 74 in Kensington, 198–206 in neighborhoods, 217–19, 219 in New Orleans, La., 102–3 in Port Clinton, Ohio, 22, 23 in Santa Ana, Calif., 136–38, 138, 170 schools and, 169–71, 171 pregnancy: marital, 203, 205 nonmarital, 61–62, 66–72, 66, 75, 78, 162, 204, 243, 245 teen, 2, 70, 196, 203–5, 245–46 trends in, 64–66, 73–75 premarital sex: family structure and, 62 teens and, 196, 203–5 Pretenders, The (band), 1 prison, see imprisonment, parental private schools, 52, 173, 194 Progressive Era, 244, 253, 256 property taxes, 165 prostitution, 152 public education system: Common School movement and, 160 equal opportunity and, 32 High School movement and, 160 Land-Grant College movement and, 160–61 see also class gap, education and public policy, 75–76 Q qualitative research, 263–74 constraints of, 272–84 life stories as, 263 model for, 265–66 participants and, 265–67 sample and, 270–71 Sandelson and, 265 Silva and, 270–71, 269–71 topics of, 267–68 quantitative research, 274–77 data sets and, 277 life stories as, 274 PCHS class of ’59 survey, 274–75 statistics of, 276–77 survey results, 276 R race: in 1950s, 12–19 in 21st century, 18, 91 affluence and, 84–92 class gap and, 76, 161–62 college scholarships and, 14, 17 in discrimination and segregation, 81–83 socializing and, 16–18 racism, 18–19 reading, 87, 143, 249 real estate: good schools and, 164 in Port Clinton, Ohio, 22 property taxes and, 165 white flight and, 81 Reardon, Sean, 161–62, 280 “rearview mirror” method, 44 relative mobility, 41–42 religion: child development and, 89–90 church attendance and, 224–25, 225 communities and, 197, 201–4, 223–26 see also churches research: field, 264 financial support and, 266 leadership of, 266 undergraduate, 265 see also qualitative research; quantitative research residential segregation: affordable housing and, 251–52 income and, 38–39, 38 schools and, 163–64, 251–52 residential sorting, 163 Ricardo, 137, 139, 141, 143, 146, 148, 165, 229 Riis, Jacob, 41 Rocky (film), 191–92 Rotary Club, 8 row houses, 192 Rust Belt, 30, 73, 264 S Sampson, Robert, 170, 217–18 San Diego, Calif., 135 Santa Ana, Calif.: as America’s most troubled city, 136 gangs in, 136, 170 poverty in, 136–37, 138, 170 Santa Ana High School, 59, 136–38, 148, 153–58, 163–64, 166–67, 169–70 characteristics of, 136 SATs (scholastic aptitude tests): as academic measure, 137, 142, 246 competitive pressure and, 139 preparation for, 144, 147, 197, 206 savvy gap, 213–16 Sawhill, Isabel, 79, 229, 245 Scarcity (Mullainathan and Shafir), 130 scholarships, 8 for black students, 14, 17 for Latino students, 141 school choice, 97, 164–65 school climate, 97, 153–54, 171–73 schools, schooling, 135–90 AP classes and, 39, 143, 168, 168, 173 Catholic, 84, 201, 254–55 class divergence and, 160 class gap and, 137, 138, 160–73 discipline problems in, 171 drugs and violence in, 153–54, 170 educational attainment and, 183–90, 189, 190 extracurricular activities and, 174–83, 177 finances of, 165–66 fund-raising and, 137, 147, 167 government policies and, 251–58 inequality in, 137, 138 Latino communities and, 158–60 opportunity gap and, 251–58 peer influence in, 11, 160-73, 197, 214, 236 poverty in, 169–70, 171 private schools and, 52, 173, 194 public education system and, 160–61 residential segregation and, 163–64, 251–52 solutions for problems in, 251–58 tracking and, 143, 173 see also education; specific schools Science Olympiad, 144 Schlozman, Kay, 236 Scott, Helen Hope Montgomery, 191 seat belts, sociological, 224 SeaWorld, 151 Section 8 housing assistance, 60 security, emotional, 53, 115 segregation, residential, 38–39, 38, 163–64, 251–52 “Self-Reliance” (Emerson), 261 serve-and-return interactions, 110, 123, 126 sexual norms, 73 Shafir, Eldar, 130 Shonkoff, Jack, 109–12 shotgun marriages, 62 Silva, Jennifer: field research and, 264 research methods appendix and, 263–74 Simone, 83, 84–92, 101, 110, 117–19, 122, 128, 143, 164, 166, 174, 206 single-parent families: changing family structure and, 69–71, 70, 92–101 in 1970s, 21, 62 nonmarital births and, 66–68, 66 parental imprisonment and, 76 social class: education and, 44–45 language and, 29, 116 parenting style and, 119–22, 120 see also class gap social isolation, 16–17, 28, 211 social mobility, 31–34, 43–44 social networks: affluence and, 209–10, 209 churches as, 4, 10, 89–90, 201, 206 class gap and, 207–10, 208 communities and, 207–13 Internet and, 211–12, 269 social safety net, and communities, 132, 206, 229, 246–47, 254, 258–59, 261, 264, 265 social trust, 95, 201, 219–20 socioeconomic status (SES), 189–90 Sofia, 132, 137, 148–58, 160–61, 165, 168, 171, 172, 175, 178, 182, 185, 188, 216, 234, 256, 269 soft skills, 174–76 spending, parental, 125–26, 126 Spock, Benjamin, 117 sports: class gap and, 178, 179 as equalizer, 4, 97 pay-to-play policies and, 180–81, 258 Title IX and, 175 Stephanie, 83, 92–101, 110–11, 114, 117, 120–21, 123, 128, 163, 167, 263, 267 step-parents, 63, 93 step-siblings, 57, 63 stress: competitive, 144–45 financial, 130–31, 131 parental, 130–32 toxic, 111–14 suburbs, 261, 265 summer learning gap, 86–87, 143, 162 Sun Belt, 80 Supporting Healthy Marriage program, 244 T teachers: Talent Transfer Initiative and, 253 teacher flight and, 253 teacher quality and, 137 teacher salaries and, 165–66 team sports, see sports technology, 143, 212, 257, 265 see also computers; Internet teen pregnancy, 203–5, 245–46 television, 3, 57, 89, 91, 93, 117, 119, 123, 128, 162 test scores: K-12 education and, 161–62 see also SATs Tiger Moms, 145, 159 time, child-parent relationships and, 126–28, 127 Tolstoy, Leo, 61 tough love, 88, 96, 100–101, 120, 195 toxic stress, 111–14 tracking, 143, 173 traditional families, 61–62 traditional marriage, 7, 12, 62, 72 trailer parks, 22, 57 travel, 53 Troy High School, 137, 142, 143–48, 163, 165 characteristics of, 138 competitive pressure at, 139, 144–45 curriculum of, 143–44, 213 extracurricular activities in, 145–47 fund-raising and, 147 Newsweek ranking of, 143 Tiger Moms and, 145 trust: building of, 270 social, 95, 201, 219–21 trust funds, 6 U unemployment, 20, 136 United Auto Workers (UAW), 8 upward mobility: gender and, 11 parental spending and, 125 PCHS class of ’59 and, 4, 7 race and, 18 2nd generation immigrants and, 141 trends in, 228–29 V values, 75, 240 Verba, Sidney, 236 verbal parenting, 120 veterans, 160–61 violence: in New Orleans, La., 102–3 in Santa Ana, Calif., 136 in schools, 153–54, 170 in South, 13 vocabulary gap, 92 vocational education, 255–56 volunteer work, 157, 259 voting, 235–37, 235 W Waldfogel, Jane, 122, 248 Waltham, Mass., 270, 272 War on Drugs, 76 Washbrook, Elizabeth, 122 weak ties, 198, 208–10, 208, 209 wealth gap, 31, 37 welfare system: costs of, 232 family structure and, 75 medical insurance and, 202 reforms of, 244 Wendy, 24–25, 29, 92, 143, 266 Weston, Mass., 270 white flight, 81 Y youth: church programs for, 202–4 Facebook and, 205, 269 recreation, 199 voting and, 235–37, 235 YouthBuild network, 256 Simon & Schuster 1230 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020 www.SimonandSchuster.com Copyright © 2015 by Robert D.

Plutocrats: The Rise of the New Global Super-Rich and the Fall of Everyone Else by Chrystia Freeland

"World Economic Forum" Davos, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, algorithmic trading, assortative mating, banking crisis, barriers to entry, Basel III, battle of ideas, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Bernie Madoff, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Black Swan, Boris Johnson, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, BRICs, Bullingdon Club, business climate, call centre, carried interest, Cass Sunstein, Clayton Christensen, collapse of Lehman Brothers, commoditize, conceptual framework, corporate governance, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, crony capitalism, Deng Xiaoping, disruptive innovation, don't be evil, double helix, energy security, estate planning, experimental subject, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial innovation, Flash crash, Ford Model T, Frank Gehry, Gini coefficient, Glass-Steagall Act, global village, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, Gordon Gekko, Guggenheim Bilbao, haute couture, high net worth, income inequality, invention of the steam engine, job automation, John Markoff, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, liberation theology, light touch regulation, linear programming, London Whale, low skilled workers, manufacturing employment, Mark Zuckerberg, Martin Wolf, Max Levchin, Mikhail Gorbachev, Moneyball by Michael Lewis explains big data, NetJets, new economy, Occupy movement, open economy, Peter Thiel, place-making, plutocrats, Plutonomy: Buying Luxury, Explaining Global Imbalances, postindustrial economy, Potemkin village, profit motive, public intellectual, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, rent-seeking, Rod Stewart played at Stephen Schwarzman birthday party, Ronald Reagan, self-driving car, seminal paper, Sheryl Sandberg, short selling, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley startup, Simon Kuznets, sovereign wealth fund, starchitect, stem cell, Steve Jobs, TED Talk, the long tail, the new new thing, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tony Hsieh, too big to fail, trade route, trickle-down economics, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, wage slave, Washington Consensus, winner-take-all economy, zero-sum game

But, as Autor, Dorn, and Hanson show, if you are an American worker, that “leveling out” can be painful indeed. Professor Van Reenen said these tensions have been building for years but have been laid bare by the financial crisis. That, he believes, has sparked a wave of populist protest, ranging from the Tea Party on the right to the Occupy movement. “These things have been going on for a couple of decades,” he said. “What has happened is, with the rise of the financial crisis, all of these things are coming into sharp relief.” — The twin gilded ages are speeding each other up: The industrialization of the emerging economies is creating new markets and new supply chains for the West—iPhones are produced in China, and also sold there.

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“I recently talked to an IT engineer at a midsize financial services company downtown and he complained that his budget is being slashed every year, as he’s expected to do more with less,” Rosoff wrote on his Business Insider blog. “He’s over forty and sees no chance of getting hired at one of these sexy start-ups run by 20-somethings and funded by VCs who are younger than him. So maybe Eric Schmidt and the people he talks to really don’t discuss the Occupy movement. But that’s not a Silicon Valley thing—that’s just the circles he travels in.” The plutocratic bubble isn’t just about being insulated by the company of fellow super-elites, although that is part of it. It is also created by the way you are treated by everyone else. One financier, speaking about his friend who is one of the top five hedge fund managers in the world, said, “He’s a good man—or as good as you can be when you are surrounded by sycophants.”

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., 131–34, 137 Murray, Charles, 286 music industry, 109–10, 126–27, 170–71 n-11 economies, 30 Nakamoto, Michiyo, 169 Naspers, 66 Neeleman, David, 156–57 Netherlands, 16 NetJets, 2, 66 New Class, 264–69 New Class, The (Djilas), 89–90 New Deal, 13–14, 132–34, 177 Newsweek, 127 New Yorker, 33 New York Times, 6, 7, 39, 45, 70, 125, 126, 140, 165, 174, 227, 258, 268 New York World, 7 New Zealand, 3, 159–60 Next Convergence, The: The Future of Economic Growth in a Multispeed World (Spence), 20 Nicaragua, 191 Niccolini, Julian, 36 Nigeria, 66 Nobel, Alfred, 71 Nobel Prize, 50, 69, 123, 124, 126, 175 Nolte, Nick, 127 Nucor, 158 Oakland A’s, 129 Obama, Barack, x, 18, 92–93, 242–43, 245, 247, 249, 250, 258, 269 as empiricist, 93 Observer, 74 Occupy movement, 28, 42, 80, 83, 92, 238, 244–45, 248–51 O’Connor, Caroline, 171–72 Odnoklassniki, 163 OECD, 3 O’Neill, Jim, 19, 21, 29–30, 33 one percent, xii, 135 0.1 percent vs., 79–83 99 percent vs., 80 during 1940s–1970s period, 14 in economic recovery of 2009–2010, xiii political vs. economic focus on, xiv share of national income, 3, 14 Open Society Foundations, 70, 77 Orange Revolution, 79–80, 192 Orlov, Yuri, 90 Orszag, Peter, 18 Orwell, George, 90 outsourcing, 92, 105, 106, 155, 179, 241 Oxford University, 62 Page, Larry, 55 PaineWebber, 142 Palin, Sarah, 83, 223 Pangea3, 106–7 paradigm shifts, 144, 145, 164 see also revolutions paradox of happy peasants and miserable millionaires, 31–32, 51, 82 Paulson, Hank, 213, 271–72 Paulson, John, 148, 244 Pavarotti, Luciano, 97, 98 pay for performance, 136, 138, 139 PayPal, 171, 183 Perella, Joe, 170 Peru, 82 Peterson, Holly, 1–3, 52, 80–81 Peterson, Pete, 1, 36–37, 44–45, 70, 78, 80 Petrarca, Francesco, 278 philanthro-capitalism, 71, 74–76, 264, 267 philanthropy, 70–76, 246, 264 Philippines, 25 Philippon, Thomas, 48, 53, 220–21 Pierson, Paul, 18 Piff, Paul, 239 Piketty, Thomas, 34, 43 Pimco, 65, 251 Pinchuk, Victor, 72–73, 268, 270 Pipes, Richard, 145 Pisarev, Kirill, 103 pivoting, 171–73 Platinum Study, 43 Pleading Guilty (Turow), 38 Plepler, Richard, 72 Pliny the Elder, 195 Plutarch, 195 political influence, 222–24, 247, 260–62 political revolutions, 144–46 politicians, 76–79, 269–70 Polo, Marco, 278 Poore, Peter, 76 PopTech, 67 Porter, Michael, 23 Posner, Victor, 120, 122 Potanin, Vladimir, 151 Premji, Azim, 155 Prince, Chuck, 169–70 private equity, 120–22, 128, 190, 243, 280 privatization, 193–94, 205, 207, 222, 225 in Russia, 162–64, 176, 179–81, 188, 192–93, 198, 207, 218, 223, 225 telecom, 196–98 privilege, 239 transferred to children, 282–83 Progress and Poverty (George), 38, 40–41 Progressive Era, 39, 78 Prokhorov, Mikhail, 162 Putin, Vladimir, 80, 107, 149–51, 255 Qiu Ying, 96 Quantum Fund, 142, 143, 154, 172 Queen Elisabeth Competition, 126 Quiggin, John, 48 Radia, Niira, 200 railroads, 178, 191 Raja, Andimuthu, 200 Rajan, Raghuram, 188–89, 198, 201, 228 Rajaratnam, Raj, 121–22 Rakoff, Jed, 256 Rand, Ayn, 249 Rauh, Joshua, 119–20 Ravid, Abraham, 130 Reagan, Ronald, 17, 89 Reagan Revolution, xii real estate, 222–23 Red Capitalism (Walter and Howie), 207–8 Reformed Broker, The, 84 Reich, Robert, 3 Renaissance, 96 Renaissance Capital, 65, 159 rentier elite, 42, 43, 283 rent-seeking, 188–228, 283 in China, 204–10 globalization and, 226–28 in India, 198–200, 228 value creation vs., 280–81 Reshef, Ariell, 48, 220–21 revolutions, 141–87 industrial, see industrial revolution political, 144–46 in technology, xiv, 4, 14–15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 28, 30–31, 67, 100, 104, 146, 157–58, 164, 166, 184, 221, 285 Reynolds, Joshua, 94 “rich,” use of word, x Roach, Stephen, 210 robber barons, xv, 9, 19, 41, 42, 71, 118, 134, 191, 195, 237 Roosevelt on, 177–78 Robertson, Julian, 142 Robinson, James, 279–80 Rockefeller, John D., 195 Rodriguez, Alex, 108–9 Rolls-Royce, 46 Romney, Mitt, 77, 92–94, 236, 237, 286 as empiricist, 93–94 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 132 Commonwealth Club speech of, 176–78 New Deal of, 13–14, 132–34, 177 Roosevelt, Theodore, 39 Rose, Charlie, 72 Rosen, Sherwin, 97, 99–100, 107–12, 116, 123 Rosoff, Matt, 238 Royal Bank of Canada, 217 Royal Bank of Scotland, 217 Rubenstein, David, 121, 148–49 Rubin, Bob, 213 Russia, 3, 14, 19, 35, 56, 62, 66, 82, 96, 148, 149, 159–61, 163, 164, 178–81, 186, 206, 260 billionaire-to-GDP ratio in, 189 Bolsheviks in, 14, 93, 145, 284 privatization in, 162–64, 176, 179–81, 188, 192–93, 198, 207, 218, 223, 225 Revolution in, 152–53 science and technology in, 178–79 Russian oligarchs, 42, 46, 51–52, 61–62, 72, 92, 107, 147, 149–52, 186, 193, 196, 223, 255, 285 Ryan, Paul, 83, 190 Sabharwal, Manish, 32 Saez, Emmanuel, xiii, 34, 35–36, 43, 117, 281 Saïd, Wafic, 62 Sainath, Palagummi, 32 Saint Laurent, Yves, 114–16 Salganik, Matthew, 126 Salinas, Carlos, 196, 198 Salomon Brothers, 130 Sandberg, Sheryl, 174–75 Santorum, Rick, 246 Sawiris, Naguib, 4, 35, 77 Say’s law, 30–31 Schiff, Peter, 245 Schmidt, Eric, 56, 58, 69, 104–5, 236, 238, 280–81 Schmidt, Jacqueline, 70 Schrage, Elliot, 47 Schultz, Howard, 69 Schumer, Chuck, 211–13, 227 Schumpeter, Joseph, 32, 118 Schwarzman, Steve, 1, 36–37, 45, 46, 60, 147, 237, 243 science, 123–25 screenplays, 128 Seasteading Institute, 250 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 226, 256 self-interest, 178, 215, 216, 239–40, 243–44, 249, 273–75, 286 Sennett, Mack, 98 Sense and Sensibility (Austen), 274–75 sewing machine, 113–15 Shaw, George Bernard, 39 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 89 Shubrick, 40 Silicon Valley, 46–47, 56, 93, 163–64, 166, 171, 174, 175, 181–83, 230–31, 235, 236, 238, 283, 285 Silver Lake, 59 Simmons, Ruth, 284 Singapore, 63 Singer, Paul, 77 Singh, Manmohan, 155, 198–99 Sinha, Jayant, 189 skill-biased technical change, 91 skimming, 138 Slim, Carlos, 42, 46, 51, 195–98, 199, 218, 227, 236, 255 Smith, Adam, 67, 131, 138, 194, 229 Smith, Art, 112 Smith, Michael, 102 social mobility, 5, 82, 278–79 income inequality and, 283–84 Socialnet, 183 Somoza family, 191 Sorensen, Alan, 126 Soros, George, 53–54, 70, 73, 77, 141–45, 147, 148, 152–55, 172–73, 242 Soros, Jonathan, 153, 173 Soros, Tivadar, 152–53 South Korea, 32, 193 Soviet republics, former, 20, 77, 149, 155, 192, 193, 267 Soviet Union, 14, 17, 89–90, 144, 155, 178–80, 266 Spectator, 56–57, 59, 67 Spence, Michael, 20, 187 Spitzer, Eliot, 213 Splinter, Michael, 64 sports stars, 108–9, 129, 130, 138 Stalin, Joseph, 20, 90 Stanford Business School, 61, 147 Starr International, 101 Start-Up of You, The (Hoffman), 184–85, 187 Stengel, Rick, 72 Stephenson, Randall, 164, 185–86 Stevenson, Betsey, 32 Stewart, Rod, 36 Stiglitz, Joe, 27 Stock Market Boys, 51 Stoll, Craig, 112–13 Strauss-Kahn, Dominique, 72, 238–39 Stringer, Howard, 36 student activism, 268 Sull, Donald, 145, 147, 167–68, 171 Summers, Larry, xiii, 49, 87, 165, 174 Sunstein, Cass, 93 Sun Valley, 68 Sun Yat-sen, 39 superstars, 88–140 fees charged by, 101–3 globalization and, 91–92, 108 income of, vs. everyone else, 100–101 industrial revolution and, 95–99, 118 and talent vs. capital, 116–17, 122, 129–30 technology and, 91–92, 98–100, 108, 109 “Sustaining New York’s and the US’ Global Financial Services Leadership,” 211–15 Swank, Hilary, 110 Sweden, xii, 3, 12 Switzerland, 35, 63 Szelényi, Ivan, 89–90, 136, 266 Tahrir Square, 80 Taiwan, 35 Tawney, R.

Bank 3.0: Why Banking Is No Longer Somewhere You Go but Something You Do by Brett King

3D printing, Abraham Maslow, additive manufacturing, Airbus A320, Albert Einstein, Amazon Web Services, Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic, Apollo 11, Apollo 13, Apollo Guidance Computer, asset-backed security, augmented reality, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, bitcoin, bounce rate, business intelligence, business process, business process outsourcing, call centre, capital controls, citizen journalism, Clayton Christensen, cloud computing, credit crunch, crowdsourcing, disintermediation, en.wikipedia.org, fixed income, George Gilder, Google Glasses, high net worth, I think there is a world market for maybe five computers, Infrastructure as a Service, invention of the printing press, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, Kickstarter, London Interbank Offered Rate, low interest rates, M-Pesa, Mark Zuckerberg, mass affluent, Metcalfe’s law, microcredit, mobile money, more computing power than Apollo, Northern Rock, Occupy movement, operational security, optical character recognition, peer-to-peer, performance metric, Pingit, platform as a service, QR code, QWERTY keyboard, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, RFID, risk tolerance, Robert Metcalfe, self-driving car, Skype, speech recognition, stem cell, telepresence, the long tail, Tim Cook: Apple, transaction costs, underbanked, US Airways Flight 1549, web application, world market for maybe five computers

Saving the banks has cost more money than it cost to fight WWII, the first Gulf War, put a man on the moon, clean up after last year’s Japanese Tsunami, and the entire African aid budget for the last 20 years all put together.” —David McWilliams, PunkEconomics This was not just a crisis of identity, a challenge to the perception of banks as “secure” and “socially responsible” bastions of the community. It was a challenge to the very role of banks in an open, transparent society. This was more than just the “occupy” movement and a backlash against unreasonable bonuses—bankers suddenly found themselves having to answer to the public for their decisions that led to the crisis. Bankers rallied in this environment to claim how unjust negative public opinion was, how they had the right to make a profit (thanks for that gem, Brian Moynihan), how bankers needed to get huge bonuses because otherwise they might leave their employers, and that they were sick of the sledging they were getting from customers who really had no idea how banks or the banking system worked.

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In the later part of this first phase, in parallel to the start of the second phase, was the emergence of social media. Social media is a sort of theme running contiguously throughout each of the four phases, but it was enabled by the Internet (obviously). The key to understanding the disruption of social media can be seen not only in base crusades such as the Occupy Movement, but in the fundamental shift in power within the customer value exchange (see Chapter 5). In retail banking previously, banks had the enviable position of being able to “reject” customers because they were too risky, or not profitable enough. Customers would come to the bank, jump through all these hoops called “KYC” (Know-Your-Customer), and if the bank didn’t like them, sorry—they didn’t qualify.

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If you aren’t in the game already, it’s getting harder and harder to get a proper seat at the table. There’s no technological fix to being able to tell whether or not people like you. There’s only the ability to change the way you talk to your audience. Crowdsourcing—use the power of the crowd The “occupy” movement we talked about earlier is an example of how communities work in the social, hyperconnected landscape of today. However, there is a mechanism for using crowdsourcing as a mechanism for designing new products and services that are immediately advocated by customers because they were designed by the crowd, for the crowd.

The Unbanking of America: How the New Middle Class Survives by Lisa Servon

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, basic income, behavioural economics, Build a better mousetrap, business cycle, Cass Sunstein, choice architecture, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, cross-border payments, do well by doing good, employer provided health coverage, financial exclusion, financial independence, financial innovation, gender pay gap, gentrification, George Akerlof, gig economy, Glass-Steagall Act, income inequality, independent contractor, informal economy, Jane Jacobs, Joseph Schumpeter, late fees, low interest rates, Lyft, M-Pesa, medical bankruptcy, microcredit, Occupy movement, payday loans, peer-to-peer lending, precariat, Ralph Nader, Richard Thaler, Robert Shiller, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, sharing economy, subprime mortgage crisis, too big to fail, transaction costs, unbanked and underbanked, underbanked, universal basic income, Unsafe at Any Speed, We are the 99%, white flight, working poor, Zipcar

Those benefits have been eroded, leaving individuals to cope with the unexpected and unfortunate events that happen to all of us. As Jacob Hacker, author of The Great Risk Shift, argues, “More and more economic risk has been offloaded by government and corporations onto the increasingly fragile balance sheets of workers and their families.” Rising inequality also plays a role. The Occupy movement, with its slogan “We are the 99 percent,” drew attention to this inequality in the wake of the financial crisis. Worldwide, people took to the streets to protest corporate greed and broken social contracts. The New York City incarnation of the movement, Occupy Wall Street, placed the financial sector at the center of the problem.

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See also specific minority groups Mint.com, 114–15 Mission Asset Fund (MAF), 142, 146, 161–62 mobile banking, 111–14, 144 Mondelli, Mike, 141–42, 149–52 money guards, 129–30, 138–39 money laundering, 10 money orders, xii, 119 money shame, 68–69 monopolies, 27 Mooney, Beth, 158–59, 164 morality, 34–35, 64–65 mortgages, 7–8, 35, 39–40, 41–45, 226n174 Mott Haven, 3 Muckenfuss, Cantwell Faulkner, III, 35–36, 40–41 Mullainathan, Sendhil, 54 Murphy, Bruce, 157–61 N natural disaster victims, 88 neighborhood ratings, 41–44 New Deal, 41–42 Nickel and Dimed (Ehrenreich), 156 Noah, Timothy, 51 O Obama, Barack, 39, 40 Occupy movement, 50–51 older adults, 55, 56, 57–59, 106, 109–10, 169, 219n109 Oportún, 145, 162–64 Orman, Suze, 63 overdraft fees account closure from, xvi, 31–32 age and, 16 as bank revenue, 17, 29–32, 87, 195–96nn30–31 blacklisting from, xv–xvi debit resequencing and, 33–34 flat fees vs., 7 opt in/out for, 17, 194n17, 196n31 on payday loans, 80, 98, 215–16n91 as short-term loan, 87 overdraft protection, 17, 29, 32 P parental support, 57–59, 109–10, 219n109 Paula, Ana, 9 pawnshops, 64, 82, 118–19 payday lending as alternative to banks, xii, 3 as alternative to credit cards, 63–64 benefits vs. costs of, 88–91 debt collection departments, 92–95, 97–100 expansion of, xiii–xiv fees, 79–82, 92–93 financial health and, 171 innovations in, 145–46 interest rates of, 81–82 legality, 77, 85, 89–91, 97 millennials and, 117–19 opposition to, 81–83, 88–89 predators, 96–101, 182, 184 regulation of, 77, 85, 89–91, 147, 215–16n91 renewals and rollovers in, 80–83, 95 repayment plans, 81, 94–95 research approach to, 183–84 restrictions on, 90–91, 147 stigma of, 102 typical consumer of, 50, 95–96, 213–15n88 peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, 113 pensions, 50, 55, 169 Pew Charitable Trusts, 17, 194n17, 196–97n32 Phishing for Phools (Akerlof & Shiller), 34, 172 policy recommendations on banking-government relationship, 170–73 on decision making, 173–75 for financial health, 167–69 on innovation, 175–76 problem definition and, 165–67 postal banking, 172–73 poverty.

No Place to Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. Surveillance State by Glenn Greenwald

air gap, airport security, anti-communist, Cass Sunstein, Chelsea Manning, cognitive dissonance, David Brooks, Edward Snowden, false flag, Gabriella Coleman, Julian Assange, Laura Poitras, Mark Zuckerberg, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, operational security, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Rubik’s Cube, Seymour Hersh, Silicon Valley, Skype, Ted Kaczynski, WikiLeaks

In the United States both the Right—the Tea Party protests of 2008 and 2009—and the Left—the Occupy movement—have launched enduring citizens protests. Polls in these countries revealed strikingly intense levels of discontent with the political class and direction of society. Authorities faced with unrest generally have two options: to placate the population with symbolic concessions or fortify their control to minimize the harm it can do their interests. Elites in the West seem to view the second option—fortifying their power—as their better, perhaps only viable course of action to protect their position. The response to the Occupy movement was to crush it with force, through tear gas, pepper spray, and prosecution.

Scotland’s Jesus: The Only Officially Non-racist Comedian by Boyle, Frankie

banking crisis, Boris Johnson, call centre, cognitive dissonance, colonial rule, David Attenborough, Dennis Tito, discovery of penicillin, drone strike, Edward Snowden, Etonian, falling living standards, Google Earth, heat death of the universe, high-speed rail, hive mind, Jeffrey Epstein, low interest rates, negative equity, Ocado, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, payday loans, public intellectual, quantitative easing, Red Clydeside, Right to Buy, Skype, Snapchat, stem cell, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, wage slave

Leading economist Douglas McWilliams has suggested the economy could be boosted just by axing all bank holidays. Why stop there? Can you imagine how much the economy would benefit from having us strapped to desks and lathes as Mr McWilliams milks us or extracts our viable eggs with a Dyson crevice tool to mix in a huge breeding pond to create the next generation of wage slaves? Maybe the Occupy movement was the last glimmer of hope, a chance to generate a few stories to tell in the sex camps. Two hundred and fifty people took part in the Occupy London protest. Sadly, they’d have needed a few more bodies before they could have occupied London. With those sort of numbers they could barely occupy screen six at Cineworld.

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I’ve sort of been able to watch all this from the hallway, always having written columns and done interviews with a variety of newspapers. You see what does and doesn’t get printed. The last five years or so have been a time of increasing conformity. News stories are presented to us differently now. During the Occupy movement, just like with the eviction of travellers from Dale Farm, we were presented with no characters – and actually almost no images of the protest – making it very difficult for the story to progress into other areas of the culture. You don’t get characters from the counterculture anymore. No Swampy the environmental protester, nothing that can ‘monologue’, that hideous American verb of the comedian as meme processor and cultural drip tray.

How Elites Ate the Social Justice Movement by Fredrik Deboer

2021 United States Capitol attack, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, anti-communist, Bernie Sanders, BIPOC, Black Lives Matter, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, centre right, collective bargaining, coronavirus, COVID-19, data science, David Brooks, defund the police, deindustrialization, delayed gratification, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, effective altruism, false flag, Ferguson, Missouri, George Floyd, global pandemic, helicopter parent, income inequality, lockdown, obamacare, Occupy movement, open immigration, post-materialism, profit motive, QAnon, Silicon Valley, single-payer health, social distancing, TikTok, upwardly mobile, W. E. B. Du Bois, We are the 99%, working poor, zero-sum game

., 14, 16, 25, 189 Campbell, David, 146 canceling, 132 Capital in the Twenty-First Century (Piketty), 144–145 capitalism, 52, 91–92, 135, 140–141 Carmichael, Stokely (Kwame Ture), 76, 77 Castro, Fidel, 93 “centering,” 176 Central Connecticut State University (CCSU), 3 Central Park Karen, 56 Chait, Jonathan, 25, 34 Charity Navigator, 101, 103 Chauvin, Derek, 5, 14, 39 civil rights movement, 69–70, 75, 182 class(es) Black, 65 and Occupy movement, 19 organizing along lines of, 194–197 revolutionary, 215 upper-middle, 150–151 class-first leftism, 164–192 advantages of, 174–183 both/and arguments in, 187–192 class reductionist view vs., 168–174 as pejorative term, 164–165 problems with, 196–197 and right-wing identity politics, 183–187 salience of, 168 class reductionists, 168–174 Clinton, Bill, 27, 28 Clinton, Hillary, 27–31, 152, 165–168, 186 Clough, Alina, 100–101 Coffey, Clare, 140–141 Cohn, Nate, 145–146, 148 Common Dreams, 106 communism, 29, 152, 190 Community Justice Action Fund, 60 Confederate statues, 81–82 Conference on College Composition and Communication, 67 Connecticut United for Peace (CutUP), 2 consensus decision-making, 23–24 conservatism, 114 conservatives as “classical liberals,” 134 Clinton obsession of, 27 Democrats identifying as, 136 focus of, 203 fundamental message of, 186 home field advantage of, 43 King presented as pacifist by, 85 and meritocratic system, 142 Obama as, 17 Republicans identifying as, 136 self-professed, 210–211 and violence among and toward Black people, 37 consistency, in justice, 123–125 conspiracy theories, 204 Cosby, Bill, 120 Cotton, Tom, 56 Covid-19 pandemic, 5, 13–14, 32, 41 crime, 37, 59–62 criminal justice reforms, 7, 49–54 Cuba, 88, 92, 93 Cuomo, Andrew, 122–123 D’Arcy, Stephen, 69 Davis, Angela, 51 Debs, Eugene, 9 decision-making, 19, 21–24 deep state, 114–115 deference politics, 155–163 defunding police, 38, 51–54, 58, 62–64 demands carefully developed and expressed, 117 coherent, 19–20, 43, 172 essential purpose of, 20 following Floyd murder, 38–39 framing of, 181–182 from #MeToo movement, 132 for political violence, 78–79 democracy, American, 92 Democratic National Committee, 41 Democratic Party as center-right party, 78 and education polarization, 148–149 leftist complaints about, 11 as left-leaning party, 135–136 liberals in, 136, 137 (see also liberals) messaging around economic issues in, 197 nonprofits as vehicles for, 107 and Obama’s cult of personality, 17 as overwhelmingly white, 136 as party of elites, 31 Perez appointment influenced by, 41 and political action, 207–209 Sanders’ impact on, 29 2016 primaries of, 27–29, 165–168 in 2020 election, 11, 40–42 2008 primaries of, 27 voters’ disillusionment with, 28 youth in, 79 Democratic Socialists of America (DSA), 29–30, 168, 177–179 Democrats center-left, analyses of, 134–135 and George Floyd Justice in Policing Act, 39 and labor unions, 195 liberals’ votes for, 135 moderates and liberals, 64 and police funding, 52 political positions of, 136, 189, 190 technocratic liberal voice of, 25 denunciation, 154 Depp, Johnny, 40, 120–121 DiAngelo, Robin, 71 direct democracy system, 21, 23–24 disabled people, 173, 178–180, 205–206 Dream Hoarders (Reeves), 150–151 Du Bois, W.

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., 120, 128 Kerry, John, 25, 214 King, Martin Luther, Jr. assassination of, 34 on limited change, 70 and Malcolm X, 84–87, 93 and March on Washington, 182 on riots and rioting, 80–81, 84–85 tactics of, 90 Klein, Paul, 114 labor market, 18 labor movement, 9, 78, 170, 180, 194–196 labor unions, 180, 194–196 language identity politics’ fixation on, 173 left’s academic vocabulary, 200–202 nonsensical, 204–207 progressive politics games in, 155–156 in race politics, 67–70, 75 of the unheard, riots as, 81, 84–85 leadership structures, 21–24, 113–114 leaders of social movements, 9 the left academic vocabulary of, 200–202 boundaries of, 25 case against nonprofits in, 107–118 demands of, 79 disdain for white working class in, 10 and education polarization, 144–151 elitism associated with, 145 focus of, 203 galvanized by Floyd’s murder, 6 and labor movement, 9 lack of uniting vision in, 185–187 need to regain standing among other majorities by, 162 power of, 10 stereotypes of, 145 left activism, 9–11 balancing structure and chaos in, 116–117 common problems in, 23 cultural issues in, 10 disdain for white working class in, 10 horizontal decision-making in, 21–24 idea of armed resistance in, 90 identity niches in, 175–176 infighting and squabbling over priorities in, 20 lack of coherent demands in, 19–21 nonprofits’ role in, 111–112 “progressive stack” in, 156–157 recruiting for, 9–10 left-of-center left, 29–30 dedication to division, 198 and identity politics, 184–185 infighting over oppression hierarchies, 177 lack of coherence in, 149 setting conversations of, 150 tendency to denounce people in, 154 see also liberals left-of-liberal left, 25, 26 left politics atmosphere of 2020 in, 35 class politics in, 175 class reductionist, 168–174 current state of, 78–79 drift from material/concrete to immaterial/symbolic in, 8–9 endorsement of violence in, 80 foundation of, 187–188 and locus of control, 143 people who speak in, 8–9 reorienting (see class-first leftism) Levitz, Eric, 147 liberalism attachment to discipline and self-improvement in, 138–139 desire to please in, 153 nonprofits as vehicles for, 107 racial framing in, 181–182 liberals, 134–163 analyses of, 134–135 changing the orientation of, 162–163 contemporary, 137–143 Democrats identifying as, 136, 137 and education polarization, 144–151 fixation on race among, 74, 75 hypocrisy and cowardice of, 152–155, 159 and locus of control, 139–143 and politics of deference, 155–163 in racial discourse, 62–63 self-accusation by, 154–155 technocratic, 25 libertarians, 134 life span, 47 Llorente, Renzo, 175 locus of control, 139–143 “Love Me, I’m a Liberal” (Ochs), 152–153 Lowery, Wesley, 36 mainstream conservative movement, 10 Malcolm X, 84–87, 93 marginalized groups academic work concerning, 74 “centering” of, 176 efforts to reward, 7 further divisions within, 198 politics of deference toward, 155–163 represented in race politics, 8–9 Martin, Trayvon, 37, 46, 49 Marx, Karl, 153, 176, 188, 215 Marxism class politics in, 175 class reductionists in, 170 external locus of control in, 141 and partisan politics, 208 preeminence of self-interest in, 176, 180 and revolution, 193 Masterson, Danny, 128 material security/abundance, 147–148 Maxwell, Ghislaine, 40 Maxwell, Zerlina, 167 McAlevey, Jane, 195 McAvoy, Paula, 146 McCarthy, Eugene, 152 media activist rhetoric in, 35, 36 Black employees in, 66 Depp/Heard case in, 120 elite, 144 income of workers in, 149 insiderism and patronage in, 161 language codes for, 67 liberal bias in, 35–36 liberals’ deference to wisdom of, 135 “moral clarity” argument in, 37 and news cycle as power source, 126 race and racism discussion in, 65–66 and race of actors in shows, 68 racial disparity of workers in, 151 right-wing, 184 self-critical dominant groups in, 157–158 Trump’s attention from, 30 during 2016 Democratic primaries, 166–167 Medicare for All, 40, 178, 213–215 memes, 121, 126–128, 133 meritocratic system, 26, 135, 142–151 #MeToo movement, 14, 32, 119–133 and consequences for accused men, 124–126 current state of, 133 fading impact of, 120–121, 126–128, 130–131 inconsistency in, 123–126, 130 lack of specific policy goal in, 130–132 as a meme, 121, 126–128 news cycle as power source for, 126 potential misuse of, 129 rise of, 119 structural problem with, 123–124 target of, 119 Time’s Up arm of, 122–123 in 2020, 40 as version of canceling, 132 Michels, Robert, 104 millennials, 18 Minneapolis police department, 6, 7, 14, 39 moderates, Democrats as, 136 “moral clarity” argument, 36–37 moral imagination, 187 Movement for Black Lives, 64 “Myth of Class Reductionism, The” (Reed), 169–170 Nation, The, 83, 182 National Association of Nonprofit Organizations & Executives, 103–104 National Association of Scholars, 144 National Council of Nonprofits, 98–100 National Geographic, 84 National Lawyers Guild, 112 Nation of Islam (NOI), 86 Negroland (Jefferson), 65 neoliberal politics, 25 Netflix, 7 New Inquiry, 26 New Republic, 25 “New Sense of Direction, A” (King), 85 New York magazine, 71, 72, 84 New York Times on boundaries of the left, 25 Cotton op-ed in, 56 on election of 2020, 40 Kaba opinion piece in, 38, 53 Lowery opinion piece in, 36 on Occupy movement, 19, 20 Time’s Up ad in, 122 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 159 Nixon, Richard, 34 non-hierarchical decision-making, 19, 21–24 nonprofits, 96–118 activist brain drain due to, 116 concept of “deserving” groups in, 111 criticisms of, 96, 99–106 donors as ultimate stakeholders in, 109–110 general case against, 99–106 ideological makeup of, 107 influence of, 98–99 informal organizing vs., 112–113 institutionalization of, 129 internal elites in, 105 left case against, 107–118 in left organizing, 111–112 local activism organized by, 97 organization and formal legal recognition of, 113–114 political energy blunted by, 79 power in, 104–106 progressive “bias” of, 107–108 public-sector burdens taken on by, 110–111 public support for, 99 and racial justice movement, 6–7 radical activists working for, 115–116 regulatory constraints on, 97 revenue generation by, 108–109 the right’s critiques of, 107 sense of absolution provided by, 117 size of sector, 97–98 social problems perpetuated by, 105–106 spending by, 101–104, 109 staffing vs. structure of, 114 tax issues with, 97, 109–110 nonsense, 204–207 nonviolent protest, 35 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 28 No Shortcuts (McAlevey), 195 Novicoff, Marc, 181 Obama, Barack, 10, 15–18, 26–28, 41–42, 72 Occupy Wall Street, 18–26 ancillary protests inspired by, 19 class focus in, 171–172 fizzling out of, 24–25 framing in, 188 influence of, 25–26 intensely non-hierarchical decision-making in, 21–24 lack of coherent demands from, 19–21, 172 lack of concrete consequences of, 19 Ochs, Phil, 152–153 organization along class lines, 194–197 formal, of nonprofits, 113–114 informal, limits of, 112–113 intelligent, 117 lack of, in 2020, 42–43 Osterweil, Vicky, 83 Paradise Suite, The (Brooks), 142 Pelosi, Nancy, 52 Perez, Tom, 41 personal relationships, 22–23 Piketty, Thomas, 144–145 police and policing crime reduction with, 59 defunding, 38, 51–54, 58, 62–63 racial bias in, 57–58 reforming, 58–59 police violence, 47, 199–200 against Black people, 47–49, 55–57, 199–200 George Floyd Justice in Policing Act, 38–39 “moral clarity” about, 36–37 at protests, 81 qualified immunity for, 50, 54 Scott’s policing reform bill, 39 against whites vs.

Cogs and Monsters: What Economics Is, and What It Should Be by Diane Coyle

3D printing, additive manufacturing, Airbnb, Al Roth, Alan Greenspan, algorithmic management, Amazon Web Services, autonomous vehicles, banking crisis, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, biodiversity loss, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, Boston Dynamics, Bretton Woods, Brexit referendum, business cycle, call centre, Carmen Reinhart, central bank independence, choice architecture, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, cloud computing, complexity theory, computer age, conceptual framework, congestion charging, constrained optimization, coronavirus, COVID-19, creative destruction, credit crunch, data science, DeepMind, deglobalization, deindustrialization, Diane Coyle, discounted cash flows, disintermediation, Donald Trump, Edward Glaeser, en.wikipedia.org, endogenous growth, endowment effect, Erik Brynjolfsson, eurozone crisis, everywhere but in the productivity statistics, Evgeny Morozov, experimental subject, financial deregulation, financial innovation, financial intermediation, Flash crash, framing effect, general purpose technology, George Akerlof, global supply chain, Goodhart's law, Google bus, haute cuisine, High speed trading, hockey-stick growth, Ida Tarbell, information asymmetry, intangible asset, Internet of things, invisible hand, Jaron Lanier, Jean Tirole, job automation, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Rogoff, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, Les Trente Glorieuses, libertarian paternalism, linear programming, lockdown, Long Term Capital Management, loss aversion, low earth orbit, lump of labour, machine readable, market bubble, market design, Menlo Park, millennium bug, Modern Monetary Theory, Mont Pelerin Society, multi-sided market, Myron Scholes, Nash equilibrium, Nate Silver, Network effects, Occupy movement, Pareto efficiency, payday loans, payment for order flow, Phillips curve, post-industrial society, price mechanism, Productivity paradox, quantitative easing, randomized controlled trial, rent control, rent-seeking, ride hailing / ride sharing, road to serfdom, Robert Gordon, Robert Shiller, Robert Solow, Robinhood: mobile stock trading app, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, San Francisco homelessness, savings glut, school vouchers, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, software is eating the world, spectrum auction, statistical model, Steven Pinker, tacit knowledge, The Chicago School, The Future of Employment, The Great Moderation, the map is not the territory, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, the scientific method, The Signal and the Noise by Nate Silver, the strength of weak ties, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, total factor productivity, transaction costs, Uber for X, urban planning, winner-take-all economy, Winter of Discontent, women in the workforce, Y2K

Political shifts of this kind never have a single cause, but economic disadvantage was certainly involved: studies of different votes have mapped the correlation between populist vote shares and places ‘left behind’ (the term in vogue) by economically-thriving big urban centres. The chickens dating back to deindustrialisation in the 1980s were coming home to roost. Although the big increases in income and wealth inequality had occurred during the 1980s, policy attention focused on this far more after the headline-grabbing Occupy movements, the success of Thomas Piketty’s Capital (2014), and the increased awareness of the social costs of being left behind, so authoritatively documented by Anne Case and Angus Deaton in Deaths of Despair (2020). For many people, life had not been getting better, whatever the macroeconomic statistics said.

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., 22–23 #metoo, 9 microeconomics, 2, 12, 37, 58, 92, 101, 110–11, 121, 209 microfoundations, 90 Microsoft, 133, 170, 173 Millenium Bug, 155 models: abstract mathematics and, 2; ad hoc, 89–92, 94, 150; agents and, 21, 81, 102, 109, 118, 179, 209; assumptions in, 21–22, 35, 46–47, 62–63, 90–94, 119, 137, 154, 177, 209; behavioural, 22, 35, 47, 63, 88, 92–93, 119, 136, 154; Black-Scholes-Merton, 23–25, 28; business, 139, 165, 197; causality and, 2, 94–95, 102; changing economies and, 168, 176–77, 179–80; complexity and, 2, 49, 94, 102, 106, 179–80; counterfactuals and, 97–98, 158, 161, 198, 208; forecasting and, 17, 74, 101–2, 113; frictions and, 22, 113, 136, 154, 182; Great Financial Crisis (GFC) and, 31, 101, 113; inflation and, 30, 113; influence of, 23; Korzybski on, 89; moral issues and, 129; Nash equilibrium and, 90–91; objective of, 89–90; outsider context and, 55, 88–103, 106, 109, 113; over-fitting, 95; platform, 197; progress and, 139, 151–52, 154, 159–61; rationality and, 21–22, 31, 35, 45–48, 62, 71, 88–103, 117–18; reality building by, 23; Scott on, 63; transaction costs and, 168; twenty-first-century policy and, 185–86, 189, 191, 197, 209 Modern Monetary Theory (MMT), 75, 102 monetarism, 16, 71, 73, 75 monopolies, 20, 29, 42 Monti, Mario, 67–69 Mont Pèlerin Society, 31, 191, 193–94 Moore’s Law, 170, 184 moral issues: Atkinson and, 129; causality and, 96; Cook and, 150; ethics, 4, 34, 39, 100, 105, 115, 119–24; fairness, 43, 45–46, 166; models and, 129; outsider context and, 96, 106–8; progress and, 148, 150; rationality and, 117; Sandel on, 34, 39, 43, 107, 119; Stern and, 148 MySpace, 205 Nash equilibrium, 90–91 National Health Service (NHS), 44–45, 77 “Nature and Significance of Economic Science, The” (Robbins), 121 neoliberalism, 3, 15, 193–94 network effects: competition and, 202, 205; economies of scale and, 127, 174, 177, 185, 199–201, 209; fixed costs and, 174, 177, 179, 185–86, 200; indirect, 174; twenty-first-century policy and, 185, 199–202, 205, 209; progress and, 141 New Deal, 193 New Public Management, 33, 106–7, 119, 187 New York Times, 19 Nobel Prize, 21, 23, 35, 44, 47, 59, 63, 92, 109, 140, 209 Nordhaus, William, 170 normative economics: decision making and, 110, 114, 120; Friedman and, 104, 121; Gelman and, 108; policy implications and, 125–26; positive economics and, 10, 104, 108, 114, 120–21, 125, 146; progress and, 146; welfare and, 114, 120, 134 nuclear arms race, 190 Obama, Barack, 75 Occupy movement, 19, 131 Office for Budget Responsibility, 66 Office for National Statistics, 171 OPEC, 192 OpenTable, 142, 175, 200 opportunity cost, 56, 58, 80, 156 optimisation, 48, 118, 188 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 130, 132, 164, 190 Ormerod, Paul, 106 Oscar awards, 108 Ostrom, Elinor, 63–64 outsider context: behavioural economics and, 88, 92–93, 100, 103–9; causality and, 94–96, 99–105; competition and, 98, 105; consumers and, 92, 96, 98, 100–102, 105, 108–9; decision making and, 93; Great Financial Crisis (GFC) and, 87–88, 101, 110, 112–14; growth and, 12, 97, 101n1, 111; interventions and, 87, 94, 104, 106; macroeconomics and, 12, 100–103, 112–14; methodology for, 88–103; models and, 55, 88–103, 106, 109, 113; politics and, 106, 110; regulation and, 109; technology and, 103; welfare and, 105–7, 114 outsourcing, 139, 195–97 Oxfam, 95–96 Packard, Vance, 109 Papademos, Lucas, 67 Pareto criterion, 121–23, 126–27, 129 patents, 140 pensions, 18, 37, 60, 65, 146 Perez, Carlotta, 189 performativity, 11, 23, 30, 211 Peste, La (Camus), 108 Petty, William, 148 Phillips machine, 135–37, 151, 192 Pigou, A.

The Social Life of Money by Nigel Dodd

"hyperreality Baudrillard"~20 OR "Baudrillard hyperreality", accounting loophole / creative accounting, bank run, banking crisis, banks create money, behavioural economics, Bernie Madoff, bitcoin, Bitcoin Ponzi scheme, blockchain, borderless world, Bretton Woods, BRICs, business cycle, capital controls, capitalist realism, cashless society, central bank independence, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collateralized debt obligation, commoditize, computer age, conceptual framework, credit crunch, cross-subsidies, currency risk, David Graeber, debt deflation, dematerialisation, disintermediation, Dogecoin, emotional labour, eurozone crisis, fiat currency, financial engineering, financial exclusion, financial innovation, Financial Instability Hypothesis, financial repression, floating exchange rates, Fractional reserve banking, gentrification, German hyperinflation, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, Herbert Marcuse, Hyman Minsky, illegal immigration, informal economy, interest rate swap, Isaac Newton, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, Kickstarter, Kula ring, laissez-faire capitalism, land reform, late capitalism, liberal capitalism, liquidity trap, litecoin, London Interbank Offered Rate, M-Pesa, Marshall McLuhan, means of production, mental accounting, microcredit, Minsky moment, mobile money, Modern Monetary Theory, Money creation, money market fund, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, mortgage debt, National Debt Clock, Neal Stephenson, negative equity, new economy, Nixon shock, Nixon triggered the end of the Bretton Woods system, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, paradox of thrift, payday loans, Peace of Westphalia, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer lending, Ponzi scheme, post scarcity, post-Fordism, Post-Keynesian economics, postnationalism / post nation state, predatory finance, price mechanism, price stability, quantitative easing, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, remote working, rent-seeking, reserve currency, Richard Thaler, risk free rate, Robert Shiller, Satoshi Nakamoto, scientific management, Scientific racism, seigniorage, Skype, Slavoj Žižek, South Sea Bubble, sovereign wealth fund, special drawing rights, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, too big to fail, trade liberalization, transaction costs, Veblen good, Wave and Pay, Westphalian system, WikiLeaks, Wolfgang Streeck, yield curve, zero-coupon bond

Indeed, one could argue that divisions within banks, and their fragmented epistemic cultures, played a significant role in bringing the crisis about (MacKenzie 2011). Nevertheless, it is mainly the banks that have provided the conduit through which critique and protest have flowed since the crisis began. The Occupy movement is broad-based, its aims unclear, its progress uncertain. But its core thesis—that the financial system has grown absurdly disproportionate relative to the rest of the economy: distorting capitalism, widening inequality, damaging society, and exposing its key public institutions to unacceptable risks—has gained popular support across the political spectrum, on both left and right.

…

In effect, Eurozone countries falling within the former group “have their own currencies and therefore can’t run out of money—a club all of whose members have very low borrowing costs, more or less independent of their debts and deficits”; see “France has its own currency again,” April 8, 2013, http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/08/france-has-its-own-currency-again/, accessed May 10, 2013. 55 Hudson is invoking a meme of the Occupy movement, which is designed to capture the concentration of wealth in the richest 1 percent of Americans, whose incomes rose by 275 percent between 1979 and 2007, compared to a rise of 40–60 percent for the remaining 99 percent. 56 The precise nature of the myth is that excessive government spending leads to hyperinflation.

…

In Agamben, it is the ban—the exception—that produces bare life, creating a zone of indeterminacy between bios (or life as defined in relation to the polis) and zoē (or life as defined in relation to oikos). In law, this zone is created by a suspension of human rights: the person who is subjected to it is placed at the threshold of the law and rendered as an outcast, a refugee.49 These two logics, exception and crisis, meet in political protest, in those makeshift camps that form the amorphous Occupy movement. The insolvent state is the state that fails to pay its debts. An insolvent state that lacks the capacity to create its own money is—in relation to the international monetary system—in a position that is analogous to the outcast. Its debts are entered into through bonds taken out as if between private parties: the state is essentially treated as a debtor, much as a firm or household would be.

A Little History of Economics by Niall Kishtainy

Alvin Roth, behavioural economics, British Empire, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, car-free, carbon tax, central bank independence, clean water, Corn Laws, Cornelius Vanderbilt, creative destruction, credit crunch, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, Dr. Strangelove, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, first-price auction, floating exchange rates, follow your passion, full employment, George Akerlof, Great Leap Forward, greed is good, Hyman Minsky, inflation targeting, invisible hand, John Nash: game theory, John von Neumann, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Arrow, loss aversion, low interest rates, market clearing, market design, means of production, Minsky moment, moral hazard, Nash equilibrium, new economy, Occupy movement, Pareto efficiency, Paul Samuelson, Phillips curve, prisoner's dilemma, RAND corporation, rent-seeking, Richard Thaler, rising living standards, road to serfdom, Robert Shiller, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, sealed-bid auction, second-price auction, The Chicago School, The Great Moderation, The Market for Lemons, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, trade route, Vickrey auction, Vilfredo Pareto, washing machines reduced drudgery, wealth creators, Winter of Discontent

Since then, the rich have made faster gains than the rest: in the 1970s, America’s top 1 per cent of earners earned less than a tenth of the nation’s income. By the first decade of the twenty-first century, it earned around a fifth. Many people worry that inequality has become too pronounced. In the last few years, the Occupy movement protested against the rapid growth of the tallest giants, the so-called ‘1 per cent’ of top earners. In major cities protestors camped out and set up makeshift universities where people debated the reasons for increasing inequality and what could be done about it. Economics professors joined the debate.

…

(i), (ii) Kerala (India) (i) Keynes, John Maynard (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi) Keynesian theory (i), (ii), (iii) Klemperer, Paul (i) Krugman, Paul (i), (ii) Kydland, Finn (i), (ii) labour (i) in ancient Greece (i) and market clearing (i) women as unpaid (i) labour theory of value (i), (ii) laissez-faire (i) landowners (i), (ii), (iii) Lange, Oskar (i) law of demand (i), (ii) leakage of spending (i) Lehman Brothers (i) leisure class (i) leisured, women as (i) Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich (i), (ii) Lerner, Abba (i) Lewis, Arthur (i) Lincoln, Abraham (i) List, Friedrich (i) loss aversion (i) Lucas, Robert (i), (ii) MacKay, Charles (i) Macmillan, Harold (i) macro/microeconomics (i) Malaysia, and speculators (i) Malthus, Thomas (i), (ii), (iii) Malynes, Gerard de (i), (ii) manufacturing (i), (ii) division of labour (i) see also Industrial Revolution margin (i) marginal costs (i), (ii) marginal principle (i), (ii), (iii) marginal revenue (i) marginal utility (i), (ii) market, the (i) market clearing (i) market design (i) market failure (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) ‘Market for Lemons, The’ (Akerlof) (i) market power (i) markets, currency (i), (ii) Marshall, Alfred (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) Marx, Karl (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii) Marxism (i) mathematics (i), (ii), (iii) means of production (i) mercantilism (i), (ii) Mesopotamia (i) Mexico, pegged currency (i) micro/macroeconomics (i) Microsoft (i) Midas fallacy (i) minimum wage (i) Minsky, Hyman (i) Minsky moment (i), (ii) Mirabeau, Marquis de (i), (ii), (iii) Mises, Ludwig von (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) mixed economies (i), (ii) Mobutu Sese Seko (i) model villages (i) models (economic) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) modern and traditional economies (i), (ii) monetarism (i) monetary policy (i), (ii) money (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi) see also coins; currency money illusion (i) money wages (i) moneylending see usury monopolies (i), (ii) monopolistic competition (i), (ii) monopoly, theory of (i) monopoly capitalism (i), (ii), (iii) monopsony (i) moral hazard (i), (ii) multiplier (i) Mun, Thomas (i), (ii), (iii) Muth, John (i) Nash, John (i), (ii) Nash equilibrium (i) national income (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) National System of Political Economy (List) (i) Nelson, Julie (i) neoclassical economics (i) net product (i) Neumann, John von (i) New Christianity, The (Saint-Simon) (i) new classical economics (i) New Harmony (Indiana) (i) New Lanark (Scotland) (i) Nkrumah, Kwame (i), (ii) non-rival good (i) Nordhaus, William (i), (ii) normative economics (i), (ii) Obstfeld, Maurice (i) Occupy movement (i) oligopolies (i) opportunity cost (i), (ii) organ transplant (i) output per person (i) Owen, Robert (i) paper money (i), (ii) Pareto, Vilfredo (i) pareto efficiency (i), (ii) pareto improvement (i) Park Chung-hee (i) partial equilibrium (i) pegged exchange rate (i) perfect competition (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) perfect information (i) periphery (i) phalansteries (i) Phillips, Bill (i) Phillips curve (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii) physiocracy (i), (ii) Pigou, Arthur Cecil (i), (ii), (iii) Piketty, Thomas (i), (ii), (iii) Plato (i), (ii), (iii) policy discretion (i) Ponzi, Charles (i) Ponzi finance (i) population and food supply (i), (ii), (iii) of women (i) positive economics (i) poverty (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) in Cuba (i) Sen on (i) and utopian thinkers (i) Prebisch, Raúl (i) predicting (i) Prescott, Edward (i), (ii) price wars (i), (ii) primary products (i) prisoners’ dilemma (i) private costs and benefits (i) privatisation (i) productivity (i), (ii), (iii) profit (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and capitalism (i), (ii) proletariat (i), (ii) property (private) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) and communism (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) protection (i), (ii), (iii) provisioning (i) public choice theory (i) public goods (i) quantity theory of money (i) Quesnay, François (i) Quincey, Thomas de (i), (ii) racism (i) Rand, Ayn (i) RAND Corporation (i), (ii) rate of return (i), (ii) rational economic man (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) rational expectations (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) real wages (i), (ii), (iii) recession (i) and governments (i), (ii), (iii) Great Recession (i) Keynes on (i), (ii) Mexican (i) redistribution of wealth (i) reference points (i) relative poverty (i) rent on land (i), (ii), (iii) rents/rent-seeking (i) resources (i), (ii) revolution (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) Cuban (i) French (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) Russian (i), (ii) Ricardo, David (i), (ii), (iii) risk aversion (i) Road to Serfdom, The (Hayek) (i) robber barons (i) Robbins, Lionel (i) Robinson, Joan (i) Roman Empire (i) Romer, Paul (i) Rosenstein-Rodan, Paul (i) Roth, Alvin (i), (ii) rule by nature (i) rules of the game (i) Sachs, Jeffrey (i) Saint-Simon, Henri de (i) Samuelson, Paul (i), (ii) savings (i), (ii) and Say’s Law (i) Say’s Law (i) scarcity (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi) Schumpeter, Joseph (i), (ii) sealed bid auction (i) second price auction (i) Second World War (i) securitisation (i) self-fulfilling crises (i) self-interest (i) Sen, Amartya (i), (ii) missing women (i), (ii), (iii) services (i) shading bids (i), (ii) shares (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi) see also stock market Shiller, Robert (i), (ii) signalling (i) in auctions (i) Smith, Adam (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) social costs and benefits (i) Social Insurance and Allied Services (Beveridge) (i) social security (i), (ii) socialism (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) socialist commonwealth (i) Socrates (i) Solow, Robert (i) Soros, George (i), (ii), (iii) South Africa, war with Britain (i) South Korea, and the big push (i) Soviet Union and America (i) and communism (i), (ii) speculation (i) speculative lending (i) Spence, Michael (i) spending government (fiscal policy) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii) and recessions (i), (ii) and Say’s Law (i) see also investment stagflation (i), (ii) Stalin, Joseph (i) standard economics (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) Standard Oil (i) Stiglitz, Joseph (i) stock (i) stock market (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) stockbrokers (i) Strassmann, Diana (i), (ii) strategic interaction (i), (ii) strikes (i) subprime loans (i) subsidies (i), (ii) subsistence (i) sumptuary laws (i) supply curve (i) supply and demand (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and currencies (i) and equilibrium (i), (ii) in recession (i), (ii), (iii) supply-side economics (i) surplus value (i), (ii) Swan, Trevor (i) tariff (i) taxes/taxation (i) and budget deficit (i) carbon (i) and carbon emissions (i) and France (i) and public goods (i) redistribution of wealth (i) and rent-seeking (i) technology as endogenous/exogenous (i) and growth (i) and living standards (i) terms of trade (i) Thailand (i) Thaler, Richard (i) theory (i) Theory of the Leisure Class, The (Veblen) (i) Theory of Monopolistic Competition (Chamberlain) (i) Thompson, William Hale ‘Big Bill’ (i) threat (i) time inconsistency (i), (ii) time intensity (i) Tocqueville, Alexis de (i) totalitarianism (i) trade (i), (ii), (iii) and dependency theory (i) free (i), (ii), (iii) trading permit, carbon (i) traditional and modern economies (i), (ii) transplant, organ (i) Treatise of the Canker of England’s Common Wealth, A (Malynes) (i) Tversky, Amos (i), (ii) underdeveloped countries (i) unemployment in Britain (i) and the government (i) and the Great Depression (i) and information economics (i) and Keynes (i) and market clearing (i) and recession (i) unions (i), (ii) United States of America and free trade (i) and growth of government (i) industrialisation (i) and Latin America (i) Microsoft (i) recession (i), (ii) and the Soviet Union (i) and Standard Oil (i) stock market (i) wealth in (i) women in the labour force (i) unpaid labour, and women (i) usury (i), (ii), (iii) utility (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) utopian thinkers (i), (ii) Vanderbilt, Cornelius (i), (ii) Veblen, Thorstein (i), (ii), (iii) velocity of circulation (i), (ii) Vickrey, William (i) wage, minimum (i) Walras, Léon (i) Waring, Marilyn (i) wealth (i) and Aristotle (i), (ii) and Christianity (i) Piketty on (i) and Plato (i) Smith on (i) Wealth of Nations, The (Smith) (i), (ii) welfare benefits (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) welfare economics (i) Who Pays for the Kids?

Rethinking Money: How New Currencies Turn Scarcity Into Prosperity by Bernard Lietaer, Jacqui Dunne

3D printing, 90 percent rule, agricultural Revolution, Albert Einstein, Asian financial crisis, banking crisis, Berlin Wall, BRICs, business climate, business cycle, business process, butterfly effect, carbon credits, carbon footprint, Carmen Reinhart, clockwork universe, collapse of Lehman Brothers, complexity theory, conceptual framework, credit crunch, different worldview, discounted cash flows, en.wikipedia.org, Fall of the Berlin Wall, fear of failure, fiat currency, financial innovation, Fractional reserve banking, full employment, German hyperinflation, Glass-Steagall Act, happiness index / gross national happiness, holacracy, job satisfaction, John Perry Barlow, liberation theology, low interest rates, Marshall McLuhan, microcredit, mobile money, Money creation, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, more computing power than Apollo, new economy, Occupy movement, price stability, reserve currency, Silicon Valley, systems thinking, the payments system, too big to fail, transaction costs, trickle-down economics, urban decay, War on Poverty, working poor

It has to be the spirit, the culture, the dance, the music, the generosity of people Rethinking Money 223 toward each other, and I think this is happening because of the rise of the women to full partnership with men in the whole domain of human affairs with a new emphasis on process rather than on product, on making things grow, cohere, relate. This is already the biggest shift, I think, in human sensibility.” She continues: “Take the fact that the Arab Spring, whatever happens with it, became the basis of the Occupy Movement, and what has happened there, the end of which we neither have seen nor can imagine. And it will end up in many movements, leading us into a deeper exploration and communication of the steps toward radical democracy and the gradual arising of a world civilization with high individuation of culture.

…

See Banjar Nazi Party, 180 Network structure, 32– 33 Newtonian physics, 29– 31 Nigeria, 42– 43 Nobel Prize in Economics, 35– 36 Nongovernmental organization (NGO), 56, 59, 73–74, 93; in Blaengarw, 159–161; competition among, 162; in Japan, 167; in principled society, 193 Nonmarket economy, 34 Nonprofit. See Nongovernmental organization NU-card, 186 Nyanza, 207–209 Obsolescence, 15 Occupy Movement, 223 Oil, 137–138 Oil spill, 211 257 Ooin, 186 OPEC nations, 113–114 Open source software, 123 Operational cost, 139, 140 Overcrowding, 164 Overdraft, 39 Panda, 32– 33 Papelitos, 183–184 Paper money, 25–26, 114, 152–153, 184–185 Paradigm: competition, 215–216; in education, 220–221 Pareto distribution, 68 Paris Club, 43 Patch Adams Free Clinic, 164–165 Patriarchy, 15 Pay-it-forward system, 83, 85 PayPal, 115–116 Pemaksan, 187 Performance bonus, 50 Pis bolong, 189 Pollution, 141 Poverty trap, 108 Prestige, 64 Principled society, 193–194 Privacy, 48 Private international scrip, 74, 199, 200 Private public partnership (PPP), 20–21 Privatization, 1, 20–21 Production loan, 104–105, 107 Profit-neutral investment system, 193–194 Prohibition, 157 Prostitution, 20, 184, 227n19 Prosumidores, 183–184 Psychiatry, 17, 34 Public good, 49 Publicity, 111–112 Public transport, 141–143, 152 Punishment, 197 Puntos, 125 Puntotransacciones, 125 Qoin, 93, 123, 150 Quality of life, 143 QuipShare, 77–78 258 INDEX Racial violence, 83 Randomness, 31– 32 Rationalism, 217; Age of Enlightenment, 15, 29– 30; markets as, 4 Real estate, 110–111 Realism, 30 Recession, 2, 50, 78–79 Recidivism, 83– 84 Reciprocity, 47– 49, 82, 171–172 Recirculation, 129–130 Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 181 Reconstruction multiplier, 170 Recycling, 142, 234n1 Red Cross, 83 Red Global de Trueque, 182–183 Redistribution, 217 Reference currency, 140, 199, 200 Reforestation, 67, 206, 207 Regio, 85– 89 Regional currency, 5, 75, 85– 87; criteria for, 191; in monetary ecosystem, 199, 201 Reichsbank, 179–180 Reichsmark, 176, 236n5 Relief money.

Buying Time: The Delayed Crisis of Democratic Capitalism by Wolfgang Streeck

"there is no alternative" (TINA), "World Economic Forum" Davos, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, air traffic controllers' union, Alan Greenspan, banking crisis, basic income, Bretton Woods, business cycle, capital controls, Carmen Reinhart, central bank independence, collective bargaining, corporate governance, creative destruction, currency risk, David Graeber, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial repression, fixed income, full employment, Garrett Hardin, Gini coefficient, Growth in a Time of Debt, income inequality, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Rogoff, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, labour market flexibility, labour mobility, late capitalism, liberal capitalism, low interest rates, means of production, moral hazard, Myron Scholes, Occupy movement, open borders, open economy, Plutonomy: Buying Luxury, Explaining Global Imbalances, profit maximization, risk tolerance, shareholder value, too big to fail, Tragedy of the Commons, union organizing, winner-take-all economy, Wolfgang Streeck

That the crisis might lead to ‘social unrest’ is a constant nightmare for the men and women at the helm, even though what has been seen on the streets up to now bears little relation to it. Apparently the ruling class has not yet totally forgotten the events of 1968 in Paris or Turin, and in this respect the occasional street battles in Athens or the global ‘Occupy’ movement of the ‘99 per cent’ marked a good beginning. A lot can be learned from the excessive reaction of banks and governments, or from the sense of horror aroused by movements such as Occupy, tiny as they are. The idea that ‘the markets’ should adapt to the people, not vice versa, is nowadays thought of as outright crazy – and indeed it is so if the world is taken as it is.

…

See solidarity, national national sovereignty, 2.1 passim, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1n23, 4.2 passim; curtailment/surrender of, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.5n14, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8 passim, 3.9, 3.10n91, 3.11 NATO neo-Protestantism, 1.1, 3.1 Netherlands, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1 Neue Länder. See Germany: Neue Länder Nobel Prize in Economics Norquist, Grover North Atlantic Treaty Organization. See NATO nuclear energy Obama, Barack Occupy movement O’Connor, James, 1.1, 2.1n38, 2.2, 2.3 Offe, Claus offshoring oil, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1n8, 2.2 Organisation for Economic Co-operation (OECD), 1.1, 3.1 ownership, private panic, 1.1, 2.1n68, 3.1 Papademos, Lukas, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1 Papandreou, George Papanikolaou, Spyros pay, 1.1 passim, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3n40, 2.4, 3.1, 4.1; deferred; EU, 3.3, 3.4; expectations; of public workers; relationship to devaluation of currency; relationship to productivity/production profits, 1.5n76, 3.5; ‘reservation wage’, 2.5n54; by results; of Sicilian politicians; subsidies, 3.7.

The End of Growth by Jeff Rubin

Alan Greenspan, Anthropocene, Ayatollah Khomeini, Bakken shale, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, British Empire, business cycle, call centre, carbon credits, carbon footprint, carbon tax, collateralized debt obligation, collective bargaining, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, deal flow, decarbonisation, deglobalization, Easter island, energy security, eurozone crisis, Exxon Valdez, Eyjafjallajökull, Fall of the Berlin Wall, fiat currency, flex fuel, Ford Model T, full employment, ghettoisation, Glass-Steagall Act, global supply chain, Hans Island, happiness index / gross national happiness, housing crisis, hydraulic fracturing, illegal immigration, income per capita, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Jane Jacobs, Jevons paradox, Kickstarter, low interest rates, McMansion, megaproject, Monroe Doctrine, moral hazard, new economy, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, peak oil, Ponzi scheme, proprietary trading, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, reserve currency, rolling blackouts, Ronald Reagan, South China Sea, sovereign wealth fund, subprime mortgage crisis, The Chicago School, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, traumatic brain injury, uranium enrichment, urban planning, urban sprawl, women in the workforce, working poor, Yom Kippur War, zero-sum game

Today’s interconnected financial market gives everyone exposure to everyone else. Will taxpayers be asked to finance another massive bank bailout? Will protest movements such as Occupy Wall Street morph into a broader-based political opposition that will demand far more in return for the next round of bailouts than the free ride the banks got the last time around? The Occupy movement has been dismissed by the conservative establishment as mere fringe groups of young people camping in city parks. But what if they’re simply the most vocal representation of a deeper current of dissatisfaction among citizens? Could other changes be on the way? The financial industry is overdue for a deep structural overhaul that will help to eliminate some of the conflicts of interest that led to the 2008 financial crisis.

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If conservation and sustainability become the watchwords for a new generation of eco-conscious adults, maybe keeping up with the Joneses will mean building a rooftop garden or installing solar panels in your backyard. A Rolex watch, to pick another example, has long been a token of wealth and status, but there’s no reason that can’t change. Judging by the protesters in the Occupy movement, a significant segment of our society has lost faith in the merits of unregulated capitalism. To them, a Rolex isn’t a sign that the wearer is an investment banker worthy of respect. Instead, it signals that the person who owns it may be about to break another securities law or make millions engineering a Ponzi scheme that will bilk suckers out of their life savings.

The Internet Is Not the Answer by Andrew Keen

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Airbnb, AltaVista, Andrew Keen, AOL-Time Warner, augmented reality, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Berlin Wall, Big Tech, bitcoin, Black Swan, Bob Geldof, Boston Dynamics, Burning Man, Cass Sunstein, Charles Babbage, citizen journalism, Clayton Christensen, clean water, cloud computing, collective bargaining, Colonization of Mars, computer age, connected car, creative destruction, cuban missile crisis, data science, David Brooks, decentralized internet, DeepMind, digital capitalism, disintermediation, disruptive innovation, Donald Davies, Downton Abbey, Dr. Strangelove, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, Erik Brynjolfsson, fail fast, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Filter Bubble, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Frank Gehry, Frederick Winslow Taylor, frictionless, fulfillment center, full employment, future of work, gentrification, gig economy, global village, Google bus, Google Glasses, Hacker Ethic, happiness index / gross national happiness, holacracy, income inequality, index card, informal economy, information trail, Innovator's Dilemma, Internet of things, Isaac Newton, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John Perry Barlow, Joi Ito, Joseph Schumpeter, Julian Assange, Kevin Kelly, Kevin Roose, Kickstarter, Kiva Systems, Kodak vs Instagram, Lean Startup, libertarian paternalism, lifelogging, Lyft, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Martin Wolf, Mary Meeker, Metcalfe’s law, military-industrial complex, move fast and break things, Nate Silver, Neil Armstrong, Nelson Mandela, Network effects, new economy, Nicholas Carr, nonsequential writing, Norbert Wiener, Norman Mailer, Occupy movement, packet switching, PageRank, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Patri Friedman, Paul Graham, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer rental, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, Potemkin village, power law, precariat, pre–internet, printed gun, Project Xanadu, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, reality distortion field, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robert Metcalfe, Robert Solow, San Francisco homelessness, scientific management, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley ideology, Skype, smart cities, Snapchat, social web, South of Market, San Francisco, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, subscription business, TaskRabbit, tech bro, tech worker, TechCrunch disrupt, Ted Nelson, telemarketer, The future is already here, The Future of Employment, the long tail, the medium is the message, the new new thing, Thomas L Friedman, Travis Kalanick, Twitter Arab Spring, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, Uber for X, uber lyft, urban planning, Vannevar Bush, warehouse robotics, Whole Earth Catalog, WikiLeaks, winner-take-all economy, work culture , working poor, Y Combinator

As a 2014 Pew Report showed, 90% of Americans think that the Web has been good for them personally—with 76% believing it has been good for society.21 It is true that most of the personal lives of the estimated 3 billion Internet users (more than 40% of the world’s population) have been radically transformed by the incredible convenience of email, social media, e-commerce, and mobile apps. Yes, we all rely on and even love our ever-shrinking and increasingly powerful mobile communications devices. It is true that the Internet has played an important and generally positive role in popular political movements around the world—such as the Occupy movement in the United States, or the network-driven reform movements in Russia, Turkey, Egypt, and Brazil. Yes, the Internet—from Wikipedia to Twitter to Google to the excellent websites of professionally curated newspapers like the New York Times and the Guardian—can, if used critically, be a source of great enlightenment.

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The letter was a defense of Silicon Valley’s technological elite—the venture capitalists, entrepreneurs, programmers, and Internet executives of KPCB-backed local Internet companies like Google, Twitter, and Facebook, identified by Perkins as “the successful one percent.”3 It turned out to be the most commented upon letter ever published in the Journal, sparking an intense debate about the nature of the new digital economy. “From the Occupy movement to the demonization of the rich embedded in virtually every word of our local newspaper, the San Francisco Chronicle, I perceive a rising tide of hatred of the successful one percent. This is a very dangerous drift in our American thinking. Kristallnacht was unthinkable in 1930; is its descendant ‘progressive’ radicalism unthinkable now?

What's the Matter with White People by Joan Walsh

affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, air traffic controllers' union, banking crisis, clean water, collective bargaining, David Brooks, desegregation, Donald Trump, Edward Glaeser, full employment, General Motors Futurama, Glass-Steagall Act, global village, Golden Gate Park, hiring and firing, impulse control, income inequality, invisible hand, It's morning again in America, knowledge worker, labor-force participation, mass immigration, new economy, obamacare, Occupy movement, plutocrats, Ralph Nader, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, upwardly mobile, urban decay, W. E. B. Du Bois, War on Poverty, We are the 99%, white flight, women in the workforce, zero-sum game

Suddenly, cable news shows that had been obsessing over the deficit “crisis” and President Obama’s latest poll numbers were explaining how decades of tax cuts and deregulation unraveled the social contract established in the New Deal. It had been accepted by every American president for thirty years afterward, until Richard Nixon brilliantly divided the New Deal coalition, largely around race. In the early days, polls showed that the Occupy movement’s grievances were broadly shared, even by the white working class, which Nixon and then Ronald Reagan had lured to the GOP. Yet how long before the 99 percent would cleave back into the 51 and the 48 percent? I couldn’t know. For the moment, though, it was amazing to see such broadly shared political discontent surfacing at all.

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The New Deal wasn’t handed to us; it took decades of fighting, including strikes and civil disobedience, to get government’s and business’s attention. The civil rights movement likewise involved strife and turmoil and jail time for its leaders. I was thrilled to see the new activism. Maybe we were finally realizing we’re all in this together. Maybe. But the old ways take time to be unlearned. Though the Occupy movement transformed the political debate, emblazoning the issue of income inequality high on the national agenda, many of its local satellites fell back into ’60s style infighting—over property destruction and violence, relations with police, and race and gender. Too many Democrats judged the new activism only on the grounds of whether it was good or bad for President Obama and the party’s congressional leadership.

After the Gig: How the Sharing Economy Got Hijacked and How to Win It Back by Juliet Schor, William Attwood-Charles, Mehmet Cansoy

1960s counterculture, Airbnb, algorithmic management, Amazon Mechanical Turk, American Legislative Exchange Council, back-to-the-land, barriers to entry, bike sharing, Californian Ideology, carbon footprint, clean tech, collaborative consumption, collaborative economy, Community Supported Agriculture, COVID-19, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, deskilling, driverless car, en.wikipedia.org, financial independence, future of work, gentrification, George Gilder, gig economy, global supply chain, global village, haute cuisine, income inequality, independent contractor, information asymmetry, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Jean Tirole, Jeff Bezos, jitney, job satisfaction, John Perry Barlow, John Zimmer (Lyft cofounder), Kevin Kelly, Lyft, Marshall McLuhan, Mason jar, mass incarceration, Mitch Kapor, Network effects, new economy, New Urbanism, Occupy movement, peer-to-peer rental, Post-Keynesian economics, precariat, profit maximization, profit motive, race to the bottom, regulatory arbitrage, rent gap, rent-seeking, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ruby on Rails, selection bias, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Skype, smart cities, social distancing, Stewart Brand, TaskRabbit, technological determinism, technoutopianism, Telecommunications Act of 1996, The Nature of the Firm, the payments system, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, transportation-network company, Travis Kalanick, two-sided market, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, urban planning, wage slave, walking around money, Whole Earth Catalog, women in the workforce, working poor, Yochai Benkler, Zipcar

That debacle caused a loss of faith in work, the economy, and the political system, especially among the young people whose futures it put in jeopardy. By 2011 a majority of eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds surveyed said they preferred socialism to capitalism.7 Protests erupted around the world, including the Occupy movement in the U.S. They targeted the elites who were fueling extreme inequality. Given widespread skepticism of state-based solutions, sharing seemed a viable alternative. Leah, a special education teacher, yoga instructor, and Airbnb host and guest, explicitly linked the growth of the sharing economy to this agitation: “The whole Occupy Wall Street movement, and people identifying as being the 99 percent and not wanting to just support that 1 percent.

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See also dependent earners Lyft, 2, 11, 25, 151; carbon offsetting, 118; drivers’ share, 75; lobbying, 157; losses, 35; LyftLine, 108, 118; as sharing economy platform, 193; and social connection, 114; traffic congestion, 117 makerspace, 125–27, 136–41, 192 manual labor, 97, 100 manufacturing, 3 Marco, 129 Margaret, 28–29 Mark, 19–20, 87–88, 109, 120 Mark (II), 140 market dominance, 150–52 market failures, 155 market manipulation, 159 market populism, 23 Massachusetts, 15 McDonaldization, 80 McLaren, Duncan, 13 Mei, 129–30 Melissa, 144 Mesh, The, 12 Micah, 131 Michelle, 131, 138–39 microwork, 192 middle-class earnings, 109–10 Mike, 69 misclassification, 47, 71 Mitch, 33, 46, 61, 76 Molly, 130 money, 193–94 monopolistic platforms, 151, 158 MOOCs, 126 Mootch, 34 municipal policy, 171–74 Naomi, 130 Natasha, 30, 54 Neighborgoods, 35 Neighborhood Fruit, 125 Netherlands, 153 network effects, 32–33 New Communalists, 22–23, 147 New Left, 22 New York City, 102, 105–7, 160–61, 173 Nicki, 100–101 Nike, 33 Noble, David, 67 nonfunctional making, 139–40, 142 nonprofit cases: demographic data, 187; food swap, 179–80; makerspace, 179; open learning, 180; time bank, 178–79 nonprofits, 16–17, 30, 123–24, 147. See also community sharing; platform cooperatives Northeastern Food Swap, 122–23 NursesCan, 170 Occupy movement, 7 Odesk, 41 Off-Axis Circuit, 170 offshore production, 33 Olio, 8, 119 Omidyar, Pierre, 38 Omidyar Foundation, 38 on-demand economy, 191 Open Learning, 125–27, 192 open-source software, 24, 164 Orsi, Janelle, 168 Ostrom, Eleanor, 163 Ouishare, 191 Ours to Hack and Own, 13 outsourcing, 33, 131 ownership, common, 163, 169 Parigi, Paolo, 112 Parrott, James, 190 Pasquale, Frank, 66 Patricia (Pat), 128, 141, 145 Peerby, 35 peer production, 24, 164 Peers, 37, 39 Peers, Inc., 12 peer-to-peer (P2P) structure, 26, 111–14, 191–93 Peer-to-Peer University, 126 personalized exchange, 28–29 person-to-person discrimination, 86–90 person-to-person economy, 1–2, 31–32 Peter, 29 photographers, 164–67 Phuong, 64–66, 99–100 Pishevar, Shervan, 37 platform capitalism, 13, 30, 150–52 Platform Capitalism, 13 platform cooperatives.

Terms of Service: Social Media and the Price of Constant Connection by Jacob Silverman

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 23andMe, 4chan, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Aaron Swartz, Airbnb, airport security, Amazon Mechanical Turk, augmented reality, basic income, Big Tech, Brian Krebs, California gold rush, Californian Ideology, call centre, cloud computing, cognitive dissonance, commoditize, company town, context collapse, correlation does not imply causation, Credit Default Swap, crowdsourcing, data science, deep learning, digital capitalism, disinformation, don't be evil, driverless car, drone strike, Edward Snowden, Evgeny Morozov, fake it until you make it, feminist movement, Filter Bubble, Firefox, Flash crash, game design, global village, Google Chrome, Google Glasses, Higgs boson, hive mind, Ian Bogost, income inequality, independent contractor, informal economy, information retrieval, Internet of things, Jacob Silverman, Jaron Lanier, jimmy wales, John Perry Barlow, Kevin Kelly, Kevin Roose, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, Larry Ellison, late capitalism, Laura Poitras, license plate recognition, life extension, lifelogging, lock screen, Lyft, machine readable, Mark Zuckerberg, Mars Rover, Marshall McLuhan, mass incarceration, meta-analysis, Minecraft, move fast and break things, national security letter, Network effects, new economy, Nicholas Carr, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, optical character recognition, payday loans, Peter Thiel, planned obsolescence, postindustrial economy, prediction markets, pre–internet, price discrimination, price stability, profit motive, quantitative hedge fund, race to the bottom, Ray Kurzweil, real-name policy, recommendation engine, rent control, rent stabilization, RFID, ride hailing / ride sharing, Salesforce, self-driving car, sentiment analysis, shareholder value, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Snapchat, social bookmarking, social graph, social intelligence, social web, sorting algorithm, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, systems thinking, TaskRabbit, technological determinism, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, TED Talk, telemarketer, transportation-network company, Travis Kalanick, Turing test, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, universal basic income, unpaid internship, women in the workforce, Y Combinator, yottabyte, you are the product, Zipcar

The rise of wearable computing and cheap, portable digital cameras and smartphones has contributed to a phenomenon known as sousveillance, in which people participating in an activity, such as a protest, film it. That footage may prove useful in a lawsuit that claims police brutality, or it may simply help a group to analyze an event after the fact. In many cases, the video is then shared on social media, helping to catalyze political awareness. Sousveillance became particularly popular during the Occupy movement, in which activists filmed and photographed police and made heavy use of streaming video in order to transmit their message to a wider audience. Syrian rebels, from secular Kurdish groups to foreign jihadists, use video to publicize their exploits, as propaganda against Bashar al-Assad, as a plea for foreign aid, or as a way to inform the world of a government attack.

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To locate a specific passage, please use your e-book reader’s search tools. Abbey, Edward, 327 Abelson, Brian, 98 About The Data Web site, Acxiom, 307–8 ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union), 365–68 acquihiring, 17 Acquisti, Alessandro, 302 activists Electronic Frontier Foundation, 311 methods of protection, 356–64 Occupy movement, 136–37 open source activism, 359–62 vs. abuse, injustice, and racism, 169–73 Acxiom, 307–8, 316–17 ad critic at BuzzFeed, 117 addiction to the Internet, 337–38, 341–42 Adium app, 369 advertisers overview, ix, 297–98 and Do Not Track signals, 296–97, 306 Facebook’s data for, vii, 12, 41–42, 293–94, 300, 305–6, 316–18 and Facebook’s News Feed algorithm, 203 and Google, 16 and Like, +1, or heart buttons, 10–11 producing optimal conditions for, 265–66, 266n and sentiment analysis, 39 use of social graph to push your friends, 157 advertising advertorials, 116–17 appropriation of memes, 60 authentic identity as basis for, 10 creating dissatisfaction with, 24 and endorsements, 31–35, 85, 191 fraudulent companies, 97–98 and Google, 14 and hashtags, 94–95 metrics, 97–99 Old Spice campaign, 93–94 online vs. physical world, 298 opting out of advertising-based social networks, 275–77 roots of, 23–24 Ruckus Network email gleaning ploy, 92 and social media, 23–24, 31–35, 148 sponsored content, 28, 31–32, 116–18 targeting individuals, 298–300, 301, 302, 316–17 and television, 249 tradition of deception, 59, 94–95 on Tumblr, 27, 28–30 See also marketing; targeting individuals Advertising Age journal, 358 Afghanistan, 362 African Americans, 70–71, 170–73, 210 aggregators overview, 122–23, 214, 235–36 Bleacher Report, 125–28 Gawker, 75, 96, 111 Huffington Post, 115, 179 Klout, 194–96, 200 and mugshot photographs, 207–9, 210–11, 213–14, 217 Stellar, 32 story reworking process, 106–7 Upworthy, 102, 121–22, 125 See also BuzzFeed Airbnb overview, 181–82 CEO’s “people as businesses” attitude, 234 costs, 237–38, 243 hosts and regulations, 242–43 and Peers, 238–39 racial discrimination on, 182–84 on social and economic benefits, 244 terms, 240 Alang, Navneet, 274 alert noises video, 362–63 alerts and notifications, 50–53, 214 Alexander, Keith B., 314 Alford, Henry, 54–55 algorithms overview, 200–201 decoding their processes, 201 effect of syntax, slang, and cultural context, 37–38 experimentation with social graph, 204–6 Facebook’s, 201, 202–4 and fractional workers, 228, 229–30 and Google Search, 198 for incoming call management, 40 for influence scores, 194 for labor market laborers, 227 news outlet importance, 84–85 for recommendations, 201–2 for searches, 188 Amazon overview, 245 abusive labor practices, 266–67n deleting e-books from Kindles, 255 long-term marketing plan, 242n Mechanical Turk, 90, 226, 228, 229–30 ambient awareness of others, 50 American Airlines, 195 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 365–68 amplifiers for memes, 88–89 analytics computational voice analysis, 40–43 cost-benefit analysis of social media rebellion tools, 369–70 predictive analytics, 216–17, 309 for speech, 40–43 See also sentiment analysis analytics firms and online presence, 99 ANAR Foundation, 299–300 Andrejevic, Mark, 307 anonymity on 4chan, 162 assault on, 177 and Big Data, 317–18 and charity, 179–80 governments’ use of, 179 importance for some people, 166 merits of, 175–78 and online abusers, 177–78 of online speech, 180 as preserving control over your name, 168 and security, 176–77 AOL Community Leader Program, 263 apartments as short-term rentals, 237–38 Apple, 3, 99 applications “apps” augmented reality, 191–92 BlinkLink, 358 chatting, 369 data-sharing policies, 176–77 dating, 141, 191, 246–47 facial recognition, 301 fitness, 305–6 Girls Around Me, 140–41 Hell Is Other People, 358 messaging, 156, 177, 259 ObscuraCam, 357 Social Roulette for Facebook, 360 tracking blockers, 297 Twitch for Androids, 260 and Twitter, 16 voice analysis, 40–41 App.net, 362 archive.org, 364 Arpaio, Joe, 193 ARPANET, 251 artifacts on the Internet, 363–64 Atkin, Douglas, 239, 244 attention economy, 302 AT&T U-verse Internet Service plans, 282 audience as collection of data points, 124–25 metrics, 95–96, 101–2, 103 augmented reality apps, 191–92 authentication process, 10 authentic identity allowing for ambiguity vs., 184–85 branding yourself, 181 Facebook’s advocacy for using online, 8–9, 158–60 intolerance for deception about, 74 real names, 160, 178 and reblogs and retweets, 56 and rudeness or antisocial behaviors, 159–60 and social media, 9–10, 48, 164, 180–81 AutoAdmit Web site, 79 automation leading to unemployment, 331–32 Aytes, Ayhan, 229 Baffler, The (Byrne), x Bain & Company, 281–82, 328–29 Balial, Nandini, 219–26, 245–48 Ballard, J.

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See also sentiment analysis Moran, Robert, 191 Morozov, Evgeny, 4–5, 84, 322 Moves fitness app, 305–6 mugshot Web sites, 207–9, 210–11, 213–14, 217 multitasking, 51–52 Mun, Sang, 358 MyEx.com, 210 Myspace, 9 Nambikwara tribe, Brazil, 167–68, 356 narcissism of the social media experience, 61–62 National Reconnaissance Office spy satellite, 314 National Science Foundation (NSF), 279 National Security Agency (NSA), 129–32, 312, 314 National Security Letters (NSLs), 130 NEC, 299, 301 negative sentiments and sharing, 24, 31, 203–4, 305 Negri, Toni, 264 networked privacy model, 291–92 network effects, 13–14, 47, 272–73, 275–76, 295, 327 news consumers’ culpability, 109 news organizations algorithms rating news outlet importance, 84–85 and audience metrics, 101–2, 103 and embeddable media, 259–60 firehose approach to news, 112 as invasion of privacy, 288 memes from local newscasts, 69–72 presidential press conferences, 105 pushing articles selectively, 98 social media/viral editor, 122–23 trawling social media, 113 trending articles as premium journalism, 101 See also BuzzFeed; journalism New Times newspaper, 67–68 New York City and Uber, 237 New York Comic Con 2013, 34 New York Post, 113 New York Times Magazine, 75 Nike, 139 Niquille, Simone C., 356–57 Nissenbaum, Helen, 284, 297 notifications and alerts, 50–53, 214 NSA (National Security Agency), 129–32, 312, 314 NSF (National Science Foundation), 279 NSLs (National Security Letters), 130 Obama, Barack, 134, 169, 194 “Obama Is Wrong” (Hayes), 105–6 ObscuraCam, 357 Occupy movement, 136–37 OCR (optical character recognition) software, 260, 358 O’Donnell, Robert, 152 Office Max, 279–80 OkCupid, 204 Old Spice advertising campaign, 93–94 Omidyar, Pierre, 239 online persona, 344–45 online recommendations, 201–2 online reputation. See reputation On the Media radio program, 109 Open Graph, 11–12 opting out of advertising-based social networks, 275–77 cost of, 295 difficulty finding option for, 32, 33 of friends adding you to a group, 92 of Google Shared Endorsements, 33 of including your location in messages, 177 of Klout, 195 opt-in vs., 7–8 of social media, 272, 340–41, 342, 346, 347 oral storytelling, 62, 63 Oremus, Will, 106–7, 265 outing students via privacy faux pas, 286 ownership of your identity, 256–57, 273–74, 275–77, 311, 360 Page, Larry, 250 page views overview, 95–96, 98 and advertising dollars, 71, 93, 97 Facebook-ready content for generating, 115 and invented controversy, 107 meme-related, 84, 103–4, 105 new outlets’ boosting of, 122–23 Palihapitiya, Chamath, 249 Pandora, 303 paparazzos, 211–12 parents, scrapbooking about their children, 46, 55–60 Pariser, Eli, 122 Paris, France, 267, 268 Patriot Act, 130 pay-per-gaze advertising, 302 Peers, 238–39, 244 peer-to-peer social networks, 311 Peretti, Jonah, 114–15 personal care, 224 personal endorsements, 31–35 personal graph, 18–19 Persson, Markus, 164–65 Pezold, John, 187 PGP, 368–69 PHD, 304 PhoneID Score, TeleSign, 40 phones.

The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order: America and the World in the Free Market Era by Gary Gerstle

2021 United States Capitol attack, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, air traffic controllers' union, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, Alvin Toffler, anti-communist, AOL-Time Warner, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, blue-collar work, borderless world, Boris Johnson, Brexit referendum, British Empire, Broken windows theory, business cycle, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, Cass Sunstein, collective bargaining, Cornelius Vanderbilt, coronavirus, COVID-19, creative destruction, crony capitalism, cuban missile crisis, David Brooks, David Graeber, death from overwork, defund the police, deindustrialization, democratizing finance, Deng Xiaoping, desegregation, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Donald Trump, Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, European colonialism, Ferguson, Missouri, financial deregulation, financial engineering, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Frederick Winslow Taylor, full employment, future of work, Future Shock, George Floyd, George Gilder, gig economy, Glass-Steagall Act, global supply chain, green new deal, Greenspan put, guns versus butter model, Haight Ashbury, Henry Ford's grandson gave labor union leader Walter Reuther a tour of the company’s new, automated factory…, Ida Tarbell, immigration reform, informal economy, invention of the printing press, invisible hand, It's morning again in America, Jeff Bezos, John Perry Barlow, Kevin Kelly, Kitchen Debate, low interest rates, Lyft, manufacturing employment, market fundamentalism, Martin Wolf, mass incarceration, Menlo Park, microaggression, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, millennium bug, Modern Monetary Theory, money market fund, Mont Pelerin Society, mortgage debt, mutually assured destruction, Naomi Klein, neoliberal agenda, new economy, New Journalism, Northern Rock, obamacare, Occupy movement, oil shock, open borders, Peter Thiel, Philip Mirowski, Powell Memorandum, precariat, price stability, public intellectual, Ralph Nader, Robert Bork, Ronald Reagan, scientific management, Seymour Hersh, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Silicon Valley startup, social distancing, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, Strategic Defense Initiative, super pumped, technoutopianism, Telecommunications Act of 1996, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Chicago School, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, too big to fail, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, union organizing, urban decay, urban renewal, War on Poverty, Washington Consensus, We are all Keynesians now, We are the 99%, white flight, Whole Earth Catalog, WikiLeaks, women in the workforce, Works Progress Administration, Y2K, Yom Kippur War

See, also, Elizabeth Lunbeck, “The Allure of Trump’s Narcissism,” Los Angeles Review of Books, August 1, 2017, accessed September 15, 2021. 52.Peter Oborne, The Assault on Truth: Boris Johnson, Donald Trump and the Emergence of a New Moral Barbarism (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2020); Adam Serwer, The Cruelty Is the Point: The Past, Present, and Future of Trump’s America (New York: One World, 2021). 53.Mattathias Schwartz, “Pre-Occupied,” New Yorker, November 20, 2011, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/11/28/pre-occupied, accessed June 28, 2021; Jamie Lalinde, Rebecca Sacks, Mark Guiducci, Elizabeth Nicholas, and Max Chafkin, “Revolution Number 99,” Vanity Fair, January 10, 2012, https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2012/02/occupy-wall-street-201202, accessed June 28, 2021. 54.“What Is Our One Demand? #OccupyWallStreet, September 17, Bring Tent,” Adbusters, Poster (2011), http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/57/WallStreet-1.jpg, accessed June 28, 2021; William Yardley, “The Branding of the Occupy Movement,” New York Times, November 27, 2011, https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/28/business/media/the-branding-of-the-occupy-movement.html, accessed June 28, 2021. 55.Schwartz, “Pre-Occupied”; Brian Greene, “How ‘Occupy Wall Street’ Started and Spread,” USNews.com, October 17, 2011, https://www.usnews.com/news/washington-whispers/articles/2011/10/17/how-occupy-wall-street-started-and-spread, accessed April 28, 2021; David Graeber, “Occupy’s Liberation from Liberalism: The Real Meaning of May Day,” The Guardian, May 7, 2012, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2012/may/07/occupy-liberation-from-liberalism, accessed April 28, 2021.

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Graeber had written sweepingly about how debt across the ages had been a key instrument used by elites to ensnare ordinary people in poverty and dependency. He wanted all debt forgiven immediately, the surest way, he argued, to free people from oppression and bring the world’s powerful financial institutions to heel. His book Debt: The First 5,000 Years, published in 2011, became a bible of the Occupy movement.56 He was the closest Occupy came to having an acknowledged leader. As late as the morning of September 17, the forces that had mobilized to “occupy Wall Street” had (rather incredibly) not yet chosen the site on which they intended to take their stand. But by midday, they were gravitating toward Zuccotti Park, a small public square a few blocks away from Wall Street in one direction and from the site where the World Trade Center towers had once stood in the other.

Capitalism: Money, Morals and Markets by John Plender

activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Alan Greenspan, Andrei Shleifer, asset-backed security, bank run, Berlin Wall, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Black Swan, bond market vigilante , bonus culture, Bretton Woods, business climate, business cycle, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, central bank independence, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collective bargaining, computer age, Corn Laws, Cornelius Vanderbilt, corporate governance, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, discovery of the americas, diversification, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, eurozone crisis, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, fiat currency, financial engineering, financial innovation, financial intermediation, Fractional reserve banking, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, God and Mammon, Golden arches theory, Gordon Gekko, greed is good, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, industrial research laboratory, inflation targeting, information asymmetry, invention of the wheel, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, James Carville said: "I would like to be reincarnated as the bond market. You can intimidate everybody.", James Watt: steam engine, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Meriwether, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, labour market flexibility, liberal capitalism, light touch regulation, London Interbank Offered Rate, London Whale, Long Term Capital Management, manufacturing employment, Mark Zuckerberg, market bubble, market fundamentalism, mass immigration, means of production, Menlo Park, money market fund, moral hazard, moveable type in China, Myron Scholes, Nick Leeson, Northern Rock, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, paradox of thrift, Paul Samuelson, plutocrats, price stability, principal–agent problem, profit motive, proprietary trading, quantitative easing, railway mania, regulatory arbitrage, Richard Thaler, rising living standards, risk-adjusted returns, Robert Gordon, Robert Shiller, Ronald Reagan, savings glut, shareholder value, short selling, Silicon Valley, South Sea Bubble, spice trade, Steve Jobs, technology bubble, The Chicago School, The Great Moderation, the map is not the territory, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, time value of money, too big to fail, tulip mania, Upton Sinclair, Veblen good, We are the 99%, Wolfgang Streeck, zero-sum game

Many of the newer industries that are replacing manufacturing operate, in salary terms, on a ‘winner takes all’ basis, so that a lucky few make vast fortunes. This contributes to inequality both inside companies and in society at large, leading to the kinds of discontent and alienation expressed by the Occupy movement across America in 2011 and 2012, along with similar protests around the world. It is possible to put a case that manufacturing can shrink too far if international specialisation causes economies to suffer from a lack of diversity. That was the case with Britain, which was seriously under-diversified when the credit crunch struck in 2007.

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E. 1 morbidity syndrome 1 More, Thomas 1, 2 Morgan, John Pierpont 1 Mozart 1, 2 Mussolini 1 Mutual Assured Production (Richard Katz) 1 Mynors, Humphrey 1 Napoleonic Wars 1 Nash, Ogden 1, 2 Native Americans 1 Nazi Germany 1 Netherlands 1 New Deal 1, 2 New Testament 1 Newton, Isaac 1, 2, 3 Nicholas Nickleby (Dickens) 1, 2, 3 Nigeria 1 Norquist, Grover 1 North, Roger 1 North and South (Mrs Gaskell) 1 North Korea 1 Northern Rock (UK) 1 Novalis 1 Nuffield, Lord 1 Obama, Barack 1, 2 Occupy movement 1, 2 oil states 1 da l’Osta, Andrea 1, 2 outsourcing 1, 2 paper currency 1 Parker, Dorothy 1 Pascal, Blaise 1, 2 Past and Present (Thomas Carlyle) 1 Paulson, John 1 Peasants’ Revolt (England) 1 pension funds 1 Pepys, Samuel 1 Peruzzi family 1 perverse incentives 1, 2 Petronius 1 Picasso 1, 2 Piketty, Thomas 1 Pitt, William the Elder 1 Pitt, William the Younger 1 Plato 1, 2, 3 Political Discourses (Hume) 1 Politics (Aristotle) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 poll taxes 1 Pope, Alexander 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Portugal 1 positional goods 1 Poussin, Nicolas 1 Prell, Michael 1 Priestley, Joseph 1 printing 1 Proposition 1 (California) 2 Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Weber) 1 Prussia 1, 2, 3 public sector debt 1 R.

The Vanishing Neighbor: The Transformation of American Community by Marc J. Dunkelman

Abraham Maslow, adjacent possible, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Albert Einstein, assortative mating, Berlin Wall, big-box store, blue-collar work, Bretton Woods, Broken windows theory, business cycle, call centre, clean water, company town, cuban missile crisis, dark matter, David Brooks, delayed gratification, different worldview, double helix, Downton Abbey, Dunbar number, Edward Jenner, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Filter Bubble, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, gentrification, George Santayana, Gini coefficient, glass ceiling, global supply chain, global village, helicopter parent, if you build it, they will come, impulse control, income inequality, invention of movable type, Jane Jacobs, Khyber Pass, Lewis Mumford, Louis Pasteur, Marshall McLuhan, McMansion, Nate Silver, obamacare, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, Peter Thiel, post-industrial society, Richard Florida, rolodex, Saturday Night Live, Silicon Valley, Skype, social intelligence, Stanford marshmallow experiment, Steve Jobs, TED Talk, telemarketer, The Chicago School, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the medium is the message, the strength of weak ties, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, urban decay, urban planning, Walter Mischel, War on Poverty, women in the workforce, World Values Survey, zero-sum game

But none emerged out of nowhere: each was incubated by connections forged between friends, neighbors, and familiar acquaintances. That’s not how things work anymore. More recently that “style” of movement has become almost antiquated. Far from harnessing the connections wrought by preexisting middle-ring relationships, the Tea Party and Occupy movements, two of the most prominent echoes of earlier campaigns for change, were fueled by messages sent through the outer rings. People offended by what they saw, respectively, as the stifling authority of Washington and the corrupting power of Wall Street found each other without nearly so much middle-ring brokering.

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., 19, 84, 128, 176, 230 Chinatown in, 33–35 Diamond District in, 98–99, 135 Jacobs’s views on, 85–86, 166, 167–68 New York Times, xiv, 27, 38, 46, 54–55, 59, 182, 229 New York Times Book Review, 5–6 New York Times Magazine, 64 niches, 36, 40, 41, 44–45, 73–74 affirmation and, 107–8, 110–11 Nichols, Mike, 4, 248n Nie, Norman, 125 1950s, 3–6, 32, 50, 52, 60, 114, 115, 127, 138, 139, 248n conformity in, 4–5, 65, 73, 74 family routines in, 58 fantasy view of, 3, 51 membership associations in, 130–31 1960s, 70–71, 248n social trust in, 135 upheavals of, 6, 68, 87, 108–9, 128 Nisbet, Robert, 194 North American Free Trade Agreement, 197–98 nostalgia, ix–x, 51, 72, 146, 182–83 nuclear war, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 60 nursing homes, 197, 200, 202, 206–7 Obama, Barack, 24, 37–38, 42, 59, 146, 186, 205, 210 Occupy movement, 109–10 Office, The (TV show), 131 Ogle, Richard, 162 Olds, Jacqueline, 130 Olympic Games (2014), 178 online buying, 41, 69–70 online communities, 114–15, 116, 145, 250n opportunity, 12–13, 26, 27, 32, 43, 49, 62, 69, 73, 74, 75, 98, 212, 213 affirmation and, 103, 108 optimism, 51, 82, 114, 236 Organization Man, The (Whyte), 5, 6, 138 organizations: new breed of, 116–18 voluntary, 80, 116, 118, 130–31, 187, 201, 228, 239 Osteen, Joel, 72, 238 other-directedness, 5–7 Our Best Life (Osteen), 72 outer-ring relationships, 96–97, 114–19, 137, 138–39, 143, 145, 147–48, 169, 173, 190, 204, 237, 238 affirmation and, 107–12, 115 online, 114–15, 121–22 Oxycodone epidemic, 147–48 Packer, George, 235, 236 Palin, Sarah, 206 Pariser, Eli, 37, 48, 176, 194–95 Park Forest, 4–5 Pasteur, Louis, 158–59, 174 Pauling, Linus, 161 PBS, 182, 192 pensions, 20, 205, 235–36 Perot, Ross, 197–98 Perry Preschool Project, 224 Pew Center for American Life, 250n Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, 71 Pew Internet & American Life Project, 125 Pew Research Center, 106–7, 237 Pixar studio, 164–65 Planet Money (radio show), 180–81 Platinum Mile, 176 polio, 51, 52, 59 political science, 66–69, 141 politics, xiv–xvii, xix, 11, 15, 82, 101, 148, 181–95, 210, 229, 232 affirmation and, 108–10 Chinatown Bus effect and, 44, 47–48 culture wars and, 114 globalization and, 18 taste and, 37–38 polls, polling, 7, 29, 182, 226 deliberative, 192–93, 195 World Values Survey, 67–68, 73 Poole, Keith, 184 Porter, Eduardo, 255n potlikker, 136–37 poverty, 11, 22, 41, 43, 54, 62, 75, 146, 194, 201, 226, 255n in Brazil, 178, 267n urbanism and, 83, 216 prejudice, 88, 146, 148, 231 against homosexuals, 42, 43, 51 racial, 24, 39, 146 productivity, 19, 53, 167 progress, 24, 31, 35, 68, 75, 174, 238 progressives (the left), 11, 15, 23, 26, 31, 47, 148, 235 crime and, 56 Washington dysfunction and, 182, 184, 189, 190 property, 82, 179, 229 prosperity, 52–55, 57, 62, 67, 68–69, 72, 178, 230 psychology, Maslow’s influence in, 61–62 public policy, failure of, 22–23 Pulitzer, Joseph, 188 purchasing power, 53–54 Putnam, Robert, 7, 97, 99–100, 113–16, 119, 120, 141, 151–52, 170, 192 on social trust, 134–35 quality of life, 21, 50–62 affluence and, 52–55, 62, 72 health and, 31, 51, 52, 57–60 hierarchy of needs and, 61–62, 72 security and safety and, 52, 55–62, 72 Quest for Community, The (Nisbet), 194 race, 11, 32, 68, 79, 147, 148, 237 prejudice and, 24, 39, 146 see also African Americans racism, 4, 51 Radicalism of the American Revolution, The (Wood), xii, 81, 194 radio, 36, 37, 71, 133, 148, 152, 180–81 Rainie, Lee, 237 Rauch, Jonathan, 199 Raytheon, 165 Reagan, Ronald, 22 Real World, The (TV show), 63 rebels, 102–3, 127 religion, 29, 39, 48, 71–72, 74, 114, 147, 148, 231, 238 Republicans, 15, 37–38, 148, 182–85 retirement, 55, 60, 104–5, 197, 198, 204–5, 235–36 Riesman, David, 5–8, 12, 65, 73, 74, 213 Rock, Chris, 40 romance, 70, 71, 74 Romney, Mitt, 37–38 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 203 Rose, Charlie, 182 Rosenthal, Howard, 184 Rotary Clubs, 44, 45, 116 Rumspringa, 28–29, 30 Sachar, Abram L., 4 Saddleback Church, 72 Safford, Sean, xi, 97, 169–72 Sampson, Robert, 149–50 San Francisco, Calif., 129, 189 Santayana, George, 51 Saturn model, 95–98 see also intimate relationships; middle-ring relationships; outer-ring relationships Schmidt, Eric, 18 Schwartz, Richard, 130 Second Wave society, 16–17, 20, 23, 31–32, 48 mass market and, 40 membership organizations and, 44 townships in, 88, 89, 233 security and safety, 52, 55–62, 67, 68, 72, 133, 150 segregation, 40–41, 79, 237–38 self-actualization, 61, 72 self-control, 214–25 self-expression, 69, 71–72 self-fulfillment, 104, 261n self-interest, 183, 195 Senate, U.S., xvi, 184, 185, 186, 188, 191 service jobs, 18–19, 53, 132, 138, 236 settled horticultural societies, 92, 95 shopping, 25, 38–42, 49 shopping malls, 40, 41 Silicon Valley, 174, 175, 227, 237 Silver, Nate, 7 Skocpol, Theda, 44, 45, 116–18, 130, 201 smallpox, 157–58 social architecture, 232–34 in Barbados vs.

Black Code: Inside the Battle for Cyberspace by Ronald J. Deibert

4chan, air gap, Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic, Brian Krebs, call centre, citizen journalism, Citizen Lab, cloud computing, connected car, corporate social responsibility, crowdsourcing, cuban missile crisis, data acquisition, digital divide, disinformation, end-to-end encryption, escalation ladder, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, Firefox, Gabriella Coleman, global supply chain, global village, Google Hangouts, Hacker Ethic, Herman Kahn, informal economy, information security, invention of writing, Iridium satellite, jimmy wales, John Gilmore, John Markoff, Kibera, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, Lewis Mumford, low earth orbit, Marshall McLuhan, military-industrial complex, MITM: man-in-the-middle, mobile money, mutually assured destruction, Naomi Klein, new economy, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, planetary scale, rent-seeking, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan: Tear down this wall, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, smart grid, South China Sea, Steven Levy, Streisand effect, Stuxnet, Ted Kaczynski, the medium is the message, Turing test, Twitter Arab Spring, undersea cable, unit 8200, We are Anonymous. We are Legion, WikiLeaks, Yochai Benkler, zero day

It began with defacing and breaching attacks against websites and servers of a bewildering and sometimes confusing array: the Tunisian, Egyptian, Zimbabwean, Malaysian, Libyan, and other governments; private companies like Sony, accused of censorship in the guise of protecting its intellectual property; financial services companies like Mastercard, PayPal, and Visa (for boycotting donations made to WikiLeaks); and the CIA, NSA, FBI, U.S. Department of Justice, and police forces around the world. Twitter accounts with the prefix “Anon” proliferated, and at one point in the fall of 2011, it appeared that Anonymous and the Occupy movement would consolidate into a powerful social force threatening the elites of the industrialized world – a more mature, digitally empowered next-generation version of the 1990s anti-globalization movement. But then a series of dragnet-style arrests took place. Beginning in July 2011, and coordinated across the U.S., U.K., and the Netherlands, twenty people were detained.

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In June 2011, Anonymous launched attacks on ninety-one websites, including fifty-one Malaysian government sites; see Niluksi Koswanage and Liau Y-Sing, “Hackers Disrupt 51 Malaysian Government Websites,” Reuters, June 16, 2011, http​://www.r​euter​s.co​m/art​icle/2​011​/06​/16​/u​s-ma​lays​ia-hack​ers-idU​S-TR​E75​F06​Y201​106​16. The Anonymous movement was split on the Libyan uprisings; see “Operation Reasonable Reaction,” Github, http​s://gith​ub.com/bi​banon/b​ibano​n/wiki​/Operat​ion-Reaso​nable-Reac​tion. The relationship between the Occupy Movement and Anonymous is detailed in Sean Captain, “The Real Role of Anonymous in Occupy Wall Street,” Fast Company, October 17, 2011, http​://www.f​astcompa​ny.com/​178839​7/th​e-real-ro​le-of-anon​ymo​us-at-occ​upy-wa​ll-str​eet. 8 is it wise to actually encourage DDoS attacks: Yochai Benkler explains why Anonymous should not be viewed as a threat to national security in “Hacks of Valor,” Foreign Affairs, April 4, 2012, http​://ww​w.forei​gnaffa​irs.com​/arti​cles​/1​3738​2​/​yocha​i-benk​ler​/​hack​s-of-val​or. 9 One of the few to study this question in depth: Gabriella Coleman’s work offers a comprehensive history and analysis of Anonymous: Gabriella Coleman “Our Weirdness Is Free: The Logic of Anonymous – Online Army, Agent Chaos, and Seeker of Justice,” Triple Canopy (2012), http​://canop​ycano​pycan​opy.com​/​15​/our​_​weir​dness​_​is​_​free; and “Peeking Behind the Curtain at Anonymous: Gabriella Coleman at TEDGlobal 2012,” TED Blog, June 27, 2012, http​://blo​g.ted.c​om/20​12/06​/27​/peeki​ng-behi​nd-the-cur​tain-at-an​onymo​us-gabr​iell​a-colem​an-at-te​dglob​al–201​2/. 10 MIT Museum Hack archivist: A history of MIT hacks is detailed in T.F.

The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies by Erik Brynjolfsson, Andrew McAfee

2013 Report for America's Infrastructure - American Society of Civil Engineers - 19 March 2013, 3D printing, access to a mobile phone, additive manufacturing, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Amazon Web Services, American Society of Civil Engineers: Report Card, Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, basic income, Baxter: Rethink Robotics, Boston Dynamics, British Empire, business cycle, business intelligence, business process, call centre, carbon tax, Charles Lindbergh, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, clean water, combinatorial explosion, computer age, computer vision, congestion charging, congestion pricing, corporate governance, cotton gin, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, data science, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, digital map, driverless car, employer provided health coverage, en.wikipedia.org, Erik Brynjolfsson, factory automation, Fairchild Semiconductor, falling living standards, Filter Bubble, first square of the chessboard / second half of the chessboard, Frank Levy and Richard Murnane: The New Division of Labor, Freestyle chess, full employment, G4S, game design, general purpose technology, global village, GPS: selective availability, Hans Moravec, happiness index / gross national happiness, illegal immigration, immigration reform, income inequality, income per capita, indoor plumbing, industrial robot, informal economy, intangible asset, inventory management, James Watt: steam engine, Jeff Bezos, Jevons paradox, jimmy wales, job automation, John Markoff, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, Joseph Schumpeter, Kevin Kelly, Khan Academy, Kiva Systems, knowledge worker, Kodak vs Instagram, law of one price, low skilled workers, Lyft, Mahatma Gandhi, manufacturing employment, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Mars Rover, mass immigration, means of production, Narrative Science, Nate Silver, natural language processing, Network effects, new economy, New Urbanism, Nicholas Carr, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), pattern recognition, Paul Samuelson, payday loans, post-work, power law, price stability, Productivity paradox, profit maximization, Ralph Nader, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, Report Card for America’s Infrastructure, Robert Gordon, Robert Solow, Rodney Brooks, Ronald Reagan, search costs, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, six sigma, Skype, software patent, sovereign wealth fund, speech recognition, statistical model, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, Stuxnet, supply-chain management, TaskRabbit, technological singularity, telepresence, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, the long tail, The Signal and the Noise by Nate Silver, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, total factor productivity, transaction costs, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, Vernor Vinge, warehouse robotics, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, winner-take-all economy, Y2K

Jay Olshansky and his colleagues published in Health Affairs, the average American white woman without a high school diploma had a life expectancy of 73.5 years in 2008, compared to 78.5 years in 1990. Life expectancy for white men without a high school education fell by three years during this period.10 It’s no wonder that protests broke out across America even as it was beginning to recover from the Great Recession. The Tea Party movement on the right and the Occupy movement on the left each channeled the anger of the millions of Americans who felt the economy was not working for them. One group emphasized government mismanagement and the other abuses in the financial services sector. How Technology Is Changing Economics While undoubtedly both of these problems are important, the more fundamental challenge is deep and structural, and is the result of the diffusion to the second machine age technologies that increasingly drive the economy.

…

., robot use by Minsky, Marvin MIT, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab at Mitchell, Tom Mitra, Sugata MITx Monster.com Montessori, Maria Monthly Labor Review Moore, Gordon Moore’s Law in business in computing persistence of spread of Moravec, Hans Moravec’s paradox Morris, Ian mortgages Mullis, Kary multidimensional poverty index Munster, Gene Murnane, Richard Murray, Charles music, digitization of Nader, Ralph Narrative Science NASA National Academy of Sciences National Association of Realtors National Bureau of Economic Research National Review Nature of Technology, The (Arthur) Neiman, Brent New Digital Age, The (Schmidt and Cohen) New Division of Labor, The (Levy and Murnane) Newell, Al new growth theory New York Times Next Convergence, The (Spence) Nike Nixon, Richard Nordhaus, William numbers: development of large Occupy movement oDesk Oh, Joo Hee Olshansky, S. Jay OpenTable OrCam O’Reilly, Tim Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Orteig Prize Orwell, George Oswald, Andrew Page, Larry Paine, Thomas Pandora Partnership for a New American Economy Pascarella, Ernest pattern recognition Pauling, Linus peer economy Perrow, Charles Perry, Mark philosophy, transformative phones, mobile: in developing world see also smartphones photography photo sharing Picasso, Pablo Pigou, Arthur Pigovian taxes Pink, Daniel Pinker, Steven Pinterest Pivot Power Plutarch Polanyi, Michael pollution polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Popular Science Porter, Michael Powerbook G4 Power Law distributions Principles of Economics (Mankiw) printing, 3D privacy, in digital vs. analog world productivity: decoupling of employment from decoupling of wages from effect of spread on in electricity era growth of innovation linked to intangible goods’ effect on mid-1990s U.S. increase in new paths to post-1970 U.S. decline in post-2000 U.S. growth in see also economic growth; gross domestic product (GDP); labor productivity, capital productivity, multifactor productivity, total factor publishing, digitization and Putnam, Robert Quirky R Race Against the Machine (Brynjolfsson and McAfee) Rajan, Raghuram Rampell, Catherine Raymond, Eric reading AI capabilities in Reagan, Ronald regulation: of business of peer economy religion rents, economic resource curse Rethink Robotics retinal implants Rhapsody Ricardo, David Rigobon, Roberto Robinson, James Robotics, Three Laws of robots: business use of; see also automation rapid progress in sensory equipment for skills acquisition by; see also Moravec’s paradox towel-folding see also artificial intelligence (AI) Rockoff, Jonah Roksa, Josipa Romer, Paul Roomba Roosevelt, Franklin D.

A History of the World in Seven Cheap Things: A Guide to Capitalism, Nature, and the Future of the Planet by Raj Patel, Jason W. Moore

"World Economic Forum" Davos, agricultural Revolution, Anthropocene, Bartolomé de las Casas, biodiversity loss, British Empire, business cycle, call centre, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon credits, carbon footprint, classic study, clean water, collateralized debt obligation, colonial exploitation, colonial rule, company town, complexity theory, creative destruction, credit crunch, Donald Trump, double entry bookkeeping, energy transition, European colonialism, feminist movement, financial engineering, Food sovereignty, Ford Model T, Frederick Winslow Taylor, full employment, future of work, Glass-Steagall Act, global supply chain, Haber-Bosch Process, interchangeable parts, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Joseph Schumpeter, land reform, Lewis Mumford, liberal capitalism, low interest rates, means of production, Medieval Warm Period, megacity, Mercator projection, meta-analysis, microcredit, Naomi Klein, Nixon shock, Occupy movement, peak oil, precariat, scientific management, Scientific racism, seminal paper, sexual politics, sharing economy, source of truth, South Sea Bubble, spinning jenny, strikebreaker, surplus humans, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, union organizing, Upton Sinclair, wages for housework, World Values Survey, Yom Kippur War

Climate change activists want to revalue our relationship to energy, and those who’ve read Naomi Klein’s work will recognize that much more must change too.124 Food campaigners want to change what we eat and how we grow it so that everyone eats well. Domestic-worker organizers want society to recognize the work done in homes and care facilities. The Occupy movement wants debt to be canceled and those threatened with foreclosure and exclusion allowed to remain in their homes. Radical ecologists want to change the way we think about all life on earth. The Movement for Black Lives, Indigenous groups, and immigrant-rights activists want equality and reparation for historical injustice.

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See Dutch empire New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition, 157–58 New Deal, 40 New World natures: banks and, 28, 77; commodification of, 28; conquerors and, 28; encomienda system, 50–51; European nations and, 28; production systems, 46 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 1, 2 Nigeria, 33, 128–29, 166–67 nonhuman natures, 28 norms, 39 North Africa, 16, 29 North Atlantic region, global power/production shifts, 46 Norway, 8, 101, 184 nutritionism, 155 Occupy movement, 42 O’Connor, James, 226n44 Offer, Avner, 147 oikeios concept, 19–20 oil industry, 37, 131, 176; oil wars debate, 37; OPEC nations, 176–77; world output of, 237n79 Opium Wars, 147 Orren, Karen, 135 Ottoman Turks, 74, 77 Oyèrónké, Oyěwùmí, 129 Pan y Rosas movement, 206 peasants: commoning, 59–60, 74, 143, 163, 164–65; displacement of, 173; dispossession of, 24, 39, 104, 158, 164; German Peasants’ War of 1525, 73, 74, 82, 163, 175; in Global South, 158; La Via Campesina, 205; living standards of, 13; in Mexico, 153; peat gathering, 167–68; resistance of, 49, 60 people of color, 51, 217n96 Perestrelo, Filipa Moniz, 111, 228n4 Pernambuco, 215n56 Peru, xiv map 1, 61–62, 64, 82–84 Philip II, King of Spain, 80, 82–83 Philippines, xiv–xv map 1 Phillips, Ulrich B., 62 Pigou, Arthur Cecil, 21 Piketty, Thomas, 28 Pinelo, Francisco, 65, 66 planetary ecology: cheap energy and, 35; crisis strategies, 40; ecological revolution, 52–53 “plants of civilization”, 139, 144, 151, 160, 231n8 Plato, 8 Poland, 51, 52, 142, 168 politics, modern: and cheap things as a given, 40–41; fossil fuel and, 41; global inequality and, 26; supremacism, 41 Polo, Marco, 72 Pomeranz, Kenneth, 144 populism, 21 Portuguese empire: African slaves, 92–93; Cantino Planisphere, 55, 56–57map3; frontiers of, 23; Genoa and, 77; global silver trade and, 85; Maderia outpost, 14; navy of, 215n41; and New World frontier, 50–51; New World production system of, 46; Reconquista, 13; slave trade, 91 postcapitalist era: overview, 201, 202–7; Indigenous Peoples’ movements, 214n19; recognition, 207–8; recreation, 211–12; redistribution, 210; reimagination, 210–11; reparation, 208–10 Potosí, Peru, xiv map 1, 82–84 power: frontiers and, 19; human arrangements of, 38; modernity and, 25; of money, 67; relationships of, 38 processed foods, 157–58; food price changes of, 154 fig. 5 production: energy costs and, 21; model of, 27; profit making regions, 68; relationships of, 38; and remaking of nature, 26 productivity: agricultural productivity, 48, 60–61, 97, 140, 142, 159; capitalism and, 19, 46; labor productivity, 60–61, 97, 141–43, 159, 164; labor/work, 142; Soviets and, 107 profit/profitability, 23–24, 27, 27–28, 165 proletarianization, 58, 62, 220n40 property privatization, 62 Putin, Vladimir, 38 racism: polling data on, 41; scientific racism, 185–190; time management and, 99 Reclaim the Streets movement, 206 recognition, 207 Reconquista, 13, 65–66 recreation, 207, 211–12 redistribution, 43, 207, 210 reimagination, 207, 210–11 reparation, 42, 42–43, 207 reparation ecology, 207–9, 210; defined, 43 reproductive labor: defined, 116; pregnancy surrogates, 134; in U.S., 132–33; value of, 32.

Ethics of Big Data: Balancing Risk and Innovation by Kord Davis, Doug Patterson

4chan, business process, corporate social responsibility, crowdsourcing, data science, en.wikipedia.org, longitudinal study, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, Netflix Prize, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, performance metric, Robert Bork, side project, smart grid, urban planning

One has to wonder what Martin Luther King, Jr. would have done with a Twitter account. Or how the Civil War would have been changed in a world with blogs and real-time search. The telegraph was instrumental enough in how wartime communication took place; what if Lincoln or Churchill and Roosevelt had instant messaging? The Occupy movement has benefited enormously from being able to coordinate action and communicate its message on the backs of big-data systems. And, at both ends of the spectrum, imagine a data breach at Facebook: what would Hitler have done with that information? How would Mahatma Gandhi have utilized that kind of information about so many people?

Peggy Seeger by Jean R. Freedman

anti-communist, anti-work, antiwork, cotton gin, feminist movement, financial independence, glass ceiling, job satisfaction, Multics, Nelson Mandela, Occupy movement, Skype, We are the 99%, Works Progress Administration, young professional

We come to you at a time when corporations, which place profit over people, self-interest over justice, and oppression over equality, run our governments.3 Within months, the Occupy Wall Street movement had inspired similar movements around the world. In England, the Occupy St. Paul movement set up camp outside St. Paul's Cathedral, the iconic London landmark in the heart of the financial district. Peggy wrote three songs for the Occupy movements, all of them based on earlier songs. “Sit Down Occupation: USA” and “Sit Down Occupation: UK” have identical tunes and practically identical words. Both are based on a labor song written by Maurice Sugar for a 1937 sit-down strike in Flint, Michigan, which ended in a major victory for the American labor movement.

…

In 2011, the American songwriter Dave Lippman rewrote Jenkins's song for Occupy Wall Street, and Peggy adapted Lippman's words to reflect the Occupy St. Paul movement in England. By using American music and American vernacular yet writing from an English perspective, she highlights the global nature of the Occupy movements: I reckon those bankers shoulda never been bailed, They should be sitting tonight in jail. No use waiting for the by-and-by, Let's go to St. Paul's and occupy. Doggone, occupation is on. The top 1% are feeling fine, We're here to represent the other 99. We may be sitting down, but we're standing tall, After the Arab Spring comes the European Fall.

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“Declaration of the Occupation of New York City,” September 29, 2011, http://www.nycga.net/resources/documents/declaration/, accessed June 30, 2016. 4. This line refers to economic divisions between the top 1 percent of the population and the remaining 99 percent. One of the rallying cries of the Occupy movements was, “We are the 99 percent.” 5. “The Anticapitalist Roadshow,” http://www.redmagic.co.uk/anticap/index.htm, accessed June 30, 2016. 6. Frankie Armstrong, email message to the author, December 8, 2012. 7. Peggy Seeger, email message to the author, September 3, 2014. 8. Peggy Seeger, email message to the author, August 15, 2012. 9.

Pay Any Price: Greed, Power, and Endless War by James Risen

air freight, airport security, banking crisis, clean water, drone strike, Edward Snowden, greed is good, illegal immigration, income inequality, independent contractor, large denomination, Michael Milken, military-industrial complex, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, pattern recognition, pre–internet, RAND corporation, Seymour Hersh, Silicon Valley, Stanford prison experiment, Stuxnet, too big to fail, traumatic brain injury, WikiLeaks

In late 2012, the Partnership for Civil Justice Fund, a civil rights group, obtained a series of FBI documents that showed that the FBI had been spying on the Occupy Wall Street movement, treating it like a terrorist threat. FBI agents in New York and across the country conducted surveillance on the Occupy movement and shared information with businesses, universities, and local police and other law enforcement agencies. In Indianapolis, the FBI issued a “potential criminal activity alert” even before any protests were scheduled there. In Syracuse, New York, the Joint Terrorism Task Force sent information about Occupy protests to campus police at colleges in the region.

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. [>] bin Laden et al. (2011), [>] Hayden, Michael, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>] health hazards, burn pits as, [>]–[>] Heilbrun, Mark, [>]–[>], [>]–[>] Hersh, Seymour, [>]–[>] Homeland Security Department: counterterrorism and, [>]; cybersecurity and, [>]–[>]; drones program and, [>]; Einstein [>] and, [>]; enhanced interrogation methods and, [>]; intelligence operations and, [>]–[>]; money and, [>]; Occupy movement and, [>]; Operation Stonegarden and, [>]–[>] homeland security-industrial complex: overview of, [>]–[>], [>]; airport security and, [>], [>]–[>]; anti-Muslim rhetoric and, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]; architecture and, [>]–[>]; Boston marathon bombing in 2013 and, [>], [>]–[>]; Canadian border and, [>]–[>], [>]; Derby Line Battle and, [>]–[>], [>]; fear and, [>], [>], [>], [>]; government buildings and, [>]; greed and, [>]; independent terrorism analysts and, [>]–[>], [>]; individual extremists and, [>]–[>]; money and, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]; NIH and, [>]–[>]; 9/11 terrorist attacks and, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]; power/abuse of power and, [>]–[>]; press investigations and, [>]–[>]; security zones/procedures and, [>]–[>].

Who Rules the World? by Noam Chomsky

Able Archer 83, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, anti-communist, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, Bretton Woods, British Empire, capital controls, classic study, corporate governance, corporate personhood, cuban missile crisis, deindustrialization, Donald Trump, Doomsday Clock, Edward Snowden, en.wikipedia.org, facts on the ground, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Garrett Hardin, high-speed rail, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, liberation theology, Malacca Straits, Martin Wolf, Mikhail Gorbachev, Monroe Doctrine, Nelson Mandela, nuclear winter, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, one-state solution, Plutonomy: Buying Luxury, Explaining Global Imbalances, precariat, public intellectual, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, South China Sea, Stanislav Petrov, Strategic Defense Initiative, structural adjustment programs, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, trade route, Tragedy of the Commons, union organizing, uranium enrichment, wage slave, WikiLeaks, working-age population

A recent book-length study by the Economic Policy Institute, which has been the major source of reputable data on these developments for years, is entitled Failure by Design. The phrase “by design” is accurate; other choices were certainly possible. And as the study points out, the “failure” is class based. There is no failure for the designers—far from it. The policies are only a failure for the large majority—the 99 percent, in the imagery of the Occupy movements—and for the country, which has declined and will continue to do so under these policies. One factor is the offshoring of manufacturing. As the Chinese solar panel example mentioned earlier illustrates, manufacturing capacity provides the basis and stimulus for innovation, leading to higher stages of sophistication in production, design, and invention.

…

Non-Aligned Movement Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) NORAD North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Northern Alliance North Korea North Vietnam Norway nuclear weapons Nuremberg tribunal Obama, Barack assassinations and climate change and Cuba and economy and energy and habeas corpus and Israel and Latin America and nuclear weapons and terrorism and torture and Obeid, Sheikh Abdul Karim Occupied Territories Occupy movement oil. See also energy Okinawa Oman one-state solution Ornstein, Norman Orwell, George Oslo Accords Oslo Peace Research Institute Ostrom, Elinor Ottoman Empire Oxfam Ozanne, Julian Pacific Rim Pakistan Palestine (Carter) Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Palestinian Authority (PA) Palestinian National Council (PNC) Palestinians.

Winners Take All: The Elite Charade of Changing the World by Anand Giridharadas

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, activist lawyer, affirmative action, Airbnb, benefit corporation, Bernie Sanders, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, Boeing 747, Brexit referendum, Burning Man, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carried interest, cognitive dissonance, collective bargaining, corporate raider, corporate social responsibility, critical race theory, crowdsourcing, David Brooks, David Heinemeier Hansson, deindustrialization, disintermediation, do well by doing good, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, fake it until you make it, fake news, food desert, friendly fire, gentrification, global pandemic, high net worth, hiring and firing, housing crisis, Hyperloop, impact investing, income inequality, independent contractor, invisible hand, Jeff Bezos, Kevin Roose, Kibera, Kickstarter, land reform, Larry Ellison, Lyft, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, microaggression, new economy, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Parag Khanna, Paul Graham, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, profit maximization, public intellectual, risk tolerance, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, side hustle, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, social distancing, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, Steven Pinker, systems thinking, tech baron, TechCrunch disrupt, technoutopianism, TED Talk, The Chicago School, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, the High Line, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, too big to fail, Travis Kalanick, trickle-down economics, Two Sigma, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, Upton Sinclair, Vilfredo Pareto, Virgin Galactic, work culture , working poor, zero-sum game

Two months after Cohen enrolled, and in a very different vein, the Tea Party won a significant victory in the 2010 midterm congressional elections. “They just didn’t seem to care about the regular working person any more,” the scholars Vanessa Williamson and Theda Skocpol quoted a Tea Partier named Beverly as saying in a dissection of the movement published in the spring of Cohen’s freshman year and later taught at Georgetown. The Occupy movement launched in the first weeks of Cohen’s sophomore year. Thanks in part to its agitations, Google searches for “inequality” would more than double among Americans during Cohen’s college career, and searches for “the 1 percent” would more than triple. In the spring of her junior year, a new pope was elected, a Jesuit like Georgetown’s leaders.

…

Some in the Valley have become downright glib about the leveling bias of technology. “Thanks to Airbnb,” the venture capitalist Marc Andreessen says, “now anyone with a house or apartment can offer a room for rent. Hence, income inequality reduced.” Investors like Andreessen, according to this view, are just like the Occupy movement, but with bigger houses and clearer results. Networks are the basis for much of this new power—networks that simultaneously push power out to the edges and suck it into the core. This idea comes from an authority on networks, Joshua Cooper Ramo, a journalist turned protégé of Henry Kissinger, who some years ago became interested in how new varieties of power were upending the old laws of strategy and geopolitics.

Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class by Owen Jones

Asperger Syndrome, banking crisis, Berlin Wall, Boris Johnson, British Empire, Bullingdon Club, call centre, collapse of Lehman Brothers, credit crunch, deindustrialization, Etonian, facts on the ground, falling living standards, first-past-the-post, ghettoisation, Gini coefficient, green new deal, hiring and firing, housing crisis, illegal immigration, income inequality, informal economy, low skilled workers, low-wage service sector, mass immigration, meritocracy, Neil Kinnock, Occupy movement, pension reform, place-making, plutocrats, post-war consensus, race to the bottom, Right to Buy, rising living standards, social distancing, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Spirit Level, too big to fail, unpaid internship, upwardly mobile, We are the 99%, wealth creators, Winter of Discontent, women in the workforce, working-age population

They were, in part, inspired by the Spanish indignados (outraged) who had occupied Madrid's main square the previous May in protest at the Spanish government's response to the banking crisis; they, in tum, had followed the example of Egyptian revolutionaries who had taken Cairo's Tahrir Square. The New York protests spawned a global 'Occupy' movement, as similar camps were set up in hundreds of cities across the globe-including London, where tents were erected outside St Paul's Cathedral. The key slogan of the Occupy movement, 'We are the 99 per cent', reflected that the interests of the overwhelming majority of people conflicted with those of the elite 1 per cent at the top. It may not have been an accurate figure, but that wasn't the point: the slogan tapped into a deep sense of injustice that had taken root since the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008.

Corbyn by Richard Seymour

anti-communist, banking crisis, battle of ideas, Bernie Sanders, Boris Johnson, Brexit referendum, British Empire, call centre, capital controls, capitalist realism, centre right, collective bargaining, credit crunch, Donald Trump, eurozone crisis, fake news, first-past-the-post, full employment, gender pay gap, gentrification, housing crisis, income inequality, Jeremy Corbyn, knowledge economy, land value tax, liberal world order, mass immigration, means of production, moral panic, Naomi Klein, negative equity, Neil Kinnock, new economy, non-tariff barriers, Northern Rock, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, pension reform, Philip Mirowski, post-war consensus, precariat, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, rent control, Snapchat, stakhanovite, systematic bias, Washington Consensus, wealth creators, Winter of Discontent, Wolfgang Streeck, working-age population, éminence grise

Some of the energies that would appear in the campaign began to make themselves visible in a significant public protest that summer. In June 2015, for the first time in several years, an anti-austerity protest drew tens of thousands of people to the streets. This would not have been the largest such protest if it had happened in 2011, the year of the Arab Uprisings, the Occupy movement and a series of mass demonstrations, public sector strikes and even riots in the UK. But on this occasion, it followed years of demoralisation and defeat, in which every crisis seemed to favour the Right. Labour’s long retreat from its brief experiment with anti-austerity politics, its welfare-bashing and its feeble attempt to triangulate UKIP on immigration, had resulted in yet another election defeat.

…

It was not until late 2010 that the first glimmer of any kind of organised revolt against austerity began to make itself visible in the form of the students’ rebellion. And that movement, while culturally very significant and probably laying some groundwork for a general turn to the left among the young, was as short-lived as subsequent public sector pensions campaigns, and the UK’s miserably diminished version of the Occupy movement. As such, there was no continuous or generalised shift to the left, and in fact much of the movement after 2011 was to the racist and authoritarian Right. But the most important answer was political. It was an integral part of Ed Miliband’s strategy for reviving and rebranding Labour that it should seek a new synthesis of left and right, rather than be seen to move to the left.

The Tyranny of Merit: What’s Become of the Common Good? by Michael J. Sandel

affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, anti-communist, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Boris Johnson, Brexit referendum, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, centre right, coronavirus, COVID-19, Credit Default Swap, Deng Xiaoping, Donald Trump, ending welfare as we know it, facts on the ground, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial innovation, global supply chain, helicopter parent, High speed trading, immigration reform, income inequality, Khan Academy, laissez-faire capitalism, meritocracy, meta-analysis, Nate Silver, new economy, obamacare, Occupy movement, open immigration, Paris climate accords, plutocrats, prosperity theology / prosperity gospel / gospel of success, Rishi Sunak, Ronald Reagan, smart grid, social distancing, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, W. E. B. Du Bois, Washington Consensus, Yochai Benkler

With their encouragement, he bailed out the banks on terms that did not hold them to account for the behavior that led to the crisis and offered little help for those who had lost their homes. His moral voice muted, Obama placated rather than articulated the seething public anger toward Wall Street. Lingering anger over the bailout cast a shadow over the Obama presidency and ultimately fueled a mood of populist protest that reached across the political spectrum—on the left, the Occupy movement and the candidacy of Bernie Sanders; on the right, the Tea Party movement and the election of Trump. The populist uprising in the United States, Great Britain, and Europe is a backlash directed generally against elites, but its most conspicuous casualties have been liberal and center-left political parties—the Democratic Party in the U.S., the Labour Party in Britain, the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in Germany (whose share of the vote reached a historic low in the 2017 federal election), Italy’s Democratic Party (whose vote share dropped to less than 20 percent), and the Socialist Party in France (whose presidential nominee won only 6 percent of the vote in the first round of the 2017 election).

…

Gregory, 136–37 , 139 manufacturing jobs, 86 , 197 , 215 market(s), 30 , 31 , 55 , 62–64 , 72 , 130 , 132 ; free, 53 , 55 , 56 , 62 , 133 , 137 , 214 ; free-market liberalism, 125–28 , 133–34 ; free trade, 19–21 , 55 , 56 , 206–207 , 215 ; globalization and, 19–22 , 184 , 202 , 213 , 222 , 226 ; incentives and, 107 ; market value versus moral value, 137–40 ; merit and, 62–64 , 134–37 ; technocracy and, 19–22 Markovits, Daniel, 171–72 , 253 n86 , 254 n91 May, Theresa, 70 McCain, John, 67 , 86 mental health issues, 179–80 , 188 merit, 14–15 ; college admission based on, 10 , 11 , 13–14 , 120 ; common good and, 223–27 ; difficulty of identifying, 132 ; disagreement about, 133 ; grace and, 25 , 35 , 38–41 , 46 , 57–58 , 193–94 ; Hayek’s distinction between value and, 126–27 , 134–36 ; hiring based on, 33 , 34 , 155 ; language of, in public discourse, 152–53 ; luck egalitarianism and, 146 ; markets and, 62–64 , 134–37 ; moral history of, 33–58 ; providentialism and, see providentialism ; rejection of, 132–34 , 134 , 148 , 150 ; salvation and, 37–41 , 51 , 59 ; technocratic, and moral judgment, 27–29 ; tyranny of, 25 , 30 , 36 , 42 , 73 , 85 , 126 , 155 , 183 , 186 , 188 , 194 , 195 , 227 ; why it matters, 34–35 meritocracy: alternatives to, 125–32 , 134 ; appeal of, 34 , 123 ; aristocracy versus, 113–15 , 173 ; author’s first encounter with, 194 ; Blair’s use of term, 152 ; and cachet of elite colleges, 13 ; coining of term, 30 , 116 , 152 ; of college admissions, formation of system, 156–63 , 172 , 173 ; of college admissions, inequality entrenched by, 165–67 ; complaints about, 119–20 ; cosmic, 35–37 ; dark side of, 116–19 ; defenders of, 124 ; deservingness in, see deservingness ; as dystopia, 116–19 ; ethic of, 24–25 ; free-market liberalism as alternative to, 125–28 , 133–34 ; as hereditary aristocracy, 24 , 119–20 ; higher education and, 156–63 ; inequality justified in, 119 , 122 ; liberal, 87 ; moral arbitrariness in, 116 ; as myth, 120 ; Obama on, 70–71 ; objections to, 120 ; perfect, justness of, 121–22 ; philosophical critiques of, 120 ; poverty in, 114–15 ; reassertion of attitudes of, 148 ; reconsidered, 119–20 ; rejection of, 132–34 , 134 ; rise of, 152–53 ; toxic turn of, 33 , 73 ; welfare state liberalism (egalitarian liberalism) as alternative to, 125 , 128–32 , 133–34 , 141 , 143 , 146 , 150–51 ; Young on, 30 , 116–19 , 152 , 173 , 174 , 201 Merkel, Angela, 98 middle class, 13 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 70 , 75 , 78 , 206 , 208 Middle East, 52 , 53 misfortune and suffering, 26 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 44 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 64 ; “through no fault of their own” phrase and, 64–65 mobility, 26 , 75 , 77 , 78 , 85 , 120 , 158 , 165 ; college education and, 167–70 , 172 ; equality versus, 122 ; faith in, 23 ; optimism and pessimism about, 77 , 78 ; perfectly mobile society as ideal, 121–22 ; “social mobility,” first use of term, 158–59 ; see also opportunity ; rising, rhetoric of moral and civic education, 192–93 moral desert, see deservingness morality and ethics, 24–25 ; arbitrariness of, in meritocracy, 116 ; arc of the moral universe, 54–58 ; deservingness and, see deservingness ; market value versus moral value , 137–40 ; and merit versus value, 126–27 , 134–36 ; moral history of merit, 33–58 ; and one’s “lot in life,” 35 ; providentialism and, see providentialism ; and right side of history , 51–56 , 213 ; success and, 42 ; talents and, 122–23 , 130 , 142 , 146 , 150 ; technocratic merit and, 27–29 ; see also success ethics Morrison, Herbert, 100 Mounk, Yascha, 66 Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 109 , 110 MSNBC, 8 multiculturalism, 17 , 72 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), 56 Nagel, Thomas, 145–46 national borders, 28 National Conference of Catholic Bishops, 210 nationalism, 17–18 , 31 , 55 , 56 , 104 , 213 natural disasters, 45 , 51 neoliberal globalization, 55 , 198 , 207 , 215 Netherlands, 95 , 98 , 215 New Deal, 99–100 , 137 New York Times, The , 8 , 69 , 76 , 92 , 109 , 200 Nixon, Richard, 236 n15 , 237 n21 9/11 attacks, 4 , 45 , 58 noble lie, 77 Norway, 76 Obama, Barack, 21 , 23 , 26 , 79 , 87 , 89–91 , 101 , 103 ; academic records of, 81 , 82 ; “Amazing Grace” eulogy of, 105 ; “arc of the moral universe” and, 54 , 56–57 ; “as far as their talents will take them” and, 67–68 ; birth certificate of, 82 ; cabinet appointees of, 90 ; on climate change debate, 111 ; on education, 86–87 ; financial crisis and, 21 , 90–91 ; foreign policy of, 94 ; globalization and, 108 ; government as viewed by, 105–106 ; “guns or religion” comment of, 203 ; health care plan of, 47–48 , 106–107 ; incentivizing and, 107 ; on meritocracy, 70–71 ; on people’s access to information, 105–106 , 108–109 ; political polarization as viewed by, 108–10 ; “right side of history” and, 52 , 53 , 56–57 ; “smart” and, 92–94 , 107 , 109 ; as technocrat, 105–107 ; “through no fault of their own” and, 65 ; “you can make it if you try” and, 23 , 79 ; “you didn’t get there on your own,” 131 Obama, Michelle, 68 , 89 Obamacare, 47–48 , 106–107 Occupy movement, 21 Olympic Games, 124 , 125 Once and Future Worker, The (Cass), 214–16 opportunity, 26 , 65 ; affirmative action and, 11 , 119 , 163 , 171 ; equality of, 22–24 , 60 , 85 , 87 , 88 , 114 , 119 , 143 , 144 ; equality of, moving beyond, 224–26 ; frontier and, 158 , 159 ; rhetoric of, 23 , 24 ; see also mobility ; rising, rhetoric of Osteen, Joel, 46 outsourcing, 19 , 20 , 25 , 30 , 212 Oxycontin, 201–202 parents, 70 ; college admission and, 7–13 , 61 ; earnings of, versus their children, 75–76 ; fathers, 202 ; parenting styles, 12–13 , 178–79 , 188 ; poor, 23 ; wealthy, 116–17 , 119 , 121 Paris Accords, 27 , 109 , 111 Parker, Theodore, 54–55 parliaments, 97–99 , 102 Pelagius, 38 perfectionism, 181 , 183 Phelps, Michael, 124 philosophers, contemporary, 120 , 134 , 210 ; luck egalitarian, 69 , 146–50 philosophers, in ancient world, 27–28 ; Aristotle, 28 , 90 , 145 , 209 , 212 ; Plato, 27–28 , 77 phronesis , 28 Piketty, Thomas, 101 , 103 Plato, 27–28 , 77 political debate and public discourse, 29 , 31 , 60 , 108 , 110 , 112 , 119 , 192 ; about climate change, 109 , 110–12 ; elite attitudes and, 118 ; language of merit in, 152–53 ; technocratic turn of, 104–108 , 184 political polarization, 4 , 5 , 14 , 15 , 29 , 214 ; Obama’s view of, 108–10 Poor Law thinking, 146–47 , 148 populism, populist backlash, 4 , 5 , 21 , 25 , 26 , 30–31 , 64 , 87 , 95 , 103 , 104 , 108 , 119 , 120 , 143–46 , 153 , 198–99 , 207 , 216 ; diagnosing, 18–19 ; and rhetoric of rising, 71–73 ; of Trump, 27 ; see also resentment populist nationalism, 17–18 poverty, 23 , 35 , 64 , 74 , 75 , 96 , 128 , 134 , 146 ; class-based affirmative action and, 171 ; and deaths of despair, 200–201 ; deservingness and, 65 ; in meritocracy, 114–15 ; and merit versus value, 135 ; responsibility versus circumstance in, 146–47 predestination, 39–43 presidential election of 2008, 21 , 56 , 86 presidential election of 2016, 4 , 17–18 , 21 , 26–27 , 49 , 56 , 71 , 73 , 82 , 83 , 101 , 108 , 118 , 119 , 199 , 202 , 206 , 213 , 231 n10 Price of Privilege, The (Levine), 179–80 Princeton University, 11 , 68 , 156 , 166–68 , 171 , 249 n31 prisons, 190 ; incarceration rates, 29 producer and consumer identities, 207–209 , 211 property, 142–43 , 145 prosperity gospel, 46–49 , 58 , 61 Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, The (Weber), 39–42 Protestants, 38–39 , 41 , 43 , 74 , 156 , 162 , 165 providentialism, 41–45 , 51 , 54 , 58 , 62 , 213 ; God’s meritocracy, 35–37 ; God’s salvation and, 37–41 , 51 , 59 ; great-because-good, 49–50 , 51 , 54 , 58 ; liberal, 49–52 ; prosperity gospel, 46–49 , 58 , 61 public discourse, see political debate and public discourse punishments, 36 , 37 , 47 , 143 , 145 ; disasters as, 45 , 51 Puritans, 39 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 48 , 58 , 59 , 61–62 , 193 Putin, Vladimir, 53 Qadhafi, Muammar, 53 Qaida, Al, 52 racism, 17 , 18 , 23 , 27 , 29 , 72 , 85 , 87 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 203 ; affirmative action and, 11 , 119 , 163 , 170 ; athletes and, 223–24 ; college admissions and, 11 , 119 , 162 , 163 , 165 Rand, Ayn, 220 Rawls, John, 128–30 , 132–33 , 137 , 141–44 , 146 , 148 Reagan, Ronald, 20 , 21 , 23 , 50 , 60 , 62–65 , 67–70 , 234 n54 , 236 n15 redistribution, 126 , 132 , 142 , 144 , 146 , 149 , 206 , 207 religion: fundamentalism, 31 ; see also Christianity ; God Republican Party, Republicans, 4 , 21 , 23 , 50 , 56 , 67 , 83 , 94 , 104 , 189 , 214 ; climate change and, 109 , 110 ; and education level of voters, 102 ; health care and, 47–48 ; and Obama’s “you didn’t get there on your own” statement, 131 resentment, 4 , 5 , 17 , 22 , 25 , 26 , 33 , 70 , 118 , 134 , 155 , 198–99 , 208 ; among working class, 202–205 , 206 ; see also populism, populist backlash responsibility, 34–35 , 37 , 41 , 44 , 47 , 48 , 51–52 , 59 , 96 , 150 , 183–84 , 193 ; education as, 96 ; for poverty, 146–47 ; rhetoric of, 63–66 , 69 ; victimhood and, 147 ; see also deservingness ; hard work ; success and failure, winners and losers results, equality of, 129 , 224 rewards, 24 , 25 , 34 , 36 , 37 , 47 , 62 , 70 right and the good, relation between, 142 , 143 , 145 right side of history, being on, 51–56 , 213 Rise of the Meritocracy, The (Young), 30 , 116–19 , 152 , 173 rising, rhetoric of, 22–24 , 59–80 , 85 , 104 , 115 , 120 , 153 , 212–13 ; “as far as their talents and hard work will take them,” 23 , 24 , 34 , 60 , 63 , 65 , 67–68 , 72 , 85 , 121 , 151 ; and beliefs and perceptions about rising, 77 , 78–79 ; defined, 63 ; deservingness and, 59–63 , 68–71 , 75 , 79 , 121 ; hard work and, 13 , 24 , 25 , 34 , 35 , 42 , 46 , 47 , 59 , 61 , 67 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 73–75 , 77–79 , 121 , 122 ; markets and merit in, 62–64 ; populist backlash and, 71–73 ; rhetoric of responsibility and, 63–66 ; striving in, 60–63 ; “you can make it if you try,” 23 , 25–26 , 73–77 , 79 risk-taking, 148–49 Robertson, Pat, 45 Robinson, Jackie, 223 Romney, Mitt, 214 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 65 , 99–100 , 162 Roosevelt, Theodore, 106 Rowling, J.

Can Democracy Work?: A Short History of a Radical Idea, From Ancient Athens to Our World by James Miller

Berlin Wall, Black Lives Matter, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, Cass Sunstein, classic study, colonial rule, cuban missile crisis, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, David Graeber, disinformation, Donald Trump, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, income inequality, Joseph Schumpeter, mass incarceration, means of production, Occupy movement, Plato's cave, public intellectual, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Republic of Letters, Steve Bannon, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, transatlantic slave trade, union organizing, upwardly mobile, Vilfredo Pareto

Samuel Huntington had identified “three waves” of global democratization: the first occurring in the United States and Europe from 1776 to 1945; the second occurring around the world as a result of decolonization after World War II; and the third occurring after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989, and sweeping through Eastern Europe, Latin America, and Asia. Since then, other scholars have suggested a “fourth wave,” this one including much of sub-Saharan Africa and the Arab World, and cresting in 2011. The Occupy movement was prompted, in part, by the impressive speed with which Arab activists had harnessed social media to mobilize large masses of protesters, as if to prove (as one Internet guru boasted) “the power of organizing without organization”—an anarchist’s dream come true. At the same time, Occupy was modeled more closely on the direct-democratic public assemblies of protesters favored that year by the Indignados—the Outraged—a Spanish anti-austerity movement that occupied Puerta del Sol square in Madrid in May 2011.

…

The larger a group, the more ineradicable such diversity will be, unless the group is willing to resort to coercion, in an effort to force unity and guarantee political participation (as has happened routinely in a great many avowedly democratic and socialist organizations and states over the years). In other words, I seriously doubt that experiments in rule-by-consensus, like those I experienced in the 1960s, or the Occupy movement in 2011, will ever generate the kinds of alternative institutions that are needed to meet the challenges of our current situation. * * * INSTEAD OF SINGLE-MINDEDLY PURSUING a new form of “collective thinking” through endless meetings meant to forge consensus—a quixotic and self-destructive goal that led astray the sans-culottes in 1793, the soviets in 1905 and 1917, and the New Left of the 1960s— we would do better to explore new ways to foster a tolerant ethos that accepts, and can acknowledge, that there are many incompatible forms of life and forms of politics, not always directly democratic or participatory, in which humans can flourish.

The City by Tony Norfield

accounting loophole / creative accounting, air traffic controllers' union, anti-communist, Asian financial crisis, asset-backed security, bank run, banks create money, Basel III, Berlin Wall, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Bretton Woods, BRICs, British Empire, capital controls, central bank independence, colonial exploitation, colonial rule, continuation of politics by other means, currency risk, dark matter, Edward Snowden, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial innovation, financial intermediation, foreign exchange controls, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, G4S, global value chain, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, interest rate derivative, interest rate swap, Irish property bubble, Leo Hollis, linked data, London Interbank Offered Rate, London Whale, Londongrad, low interest rates, Mark Zuckerberg, Martin Wolf, means of production, Money creation, money market fund, mortgage debt, North Sea oil, Northern Rock, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, plutocrats, purchasing power parity, quantitative easing, Real Time Gross Settlement, regulatory arbitrage, reserve currency, Ronald Reagan, seigniorage, Sharpe ratio, sovereign wealth fund, Suez crisis 1956, The Great Moderation, transaction costs, transfer pricing, zero-sum game