Wayback Machine

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The Cryptopians: Idealism, Greed, Lies, and the Making of the First Big Cryptocurrency Craze by Laura Shin

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 4chan, Airbnb, altcoin, bike sharing, bitcoin, blockchain, Burning Man, cloud computing, complexity theory, Credit Default Swap, cryptocurrency, DevOps, digital nomad, distributed ledger, Dogecoin, Donald Trump, Dutch auction, Edward Snowden, emotional labour, en.wikipedia.org, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, fake news, family office, fiat currency, financial independence, Firefox, general-purpose programming language, gravity well, hacker house, Hacker News, holacracy, independent contractor, initial coin offering, Internet of things, invisible hand, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Julian Assange, Kickstarter, litecoin, low interest rates, Mark Zuckerberg, minimum viable product, off-the-grid, performance metric, Potemkin village, prediction markets, QR code, ride hailing / ride sharing, risk tolerance, risk/return, Satoshi Nakamoto, sharing economy, side project, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart contracts, social distancing, software as a service, Steve Jobs, Turing complete, Vitalik Buterin, Wayback Machine, WikiLeaks

s=20. 23. “TheDAO Proposal_ID 242,” Etherscan via Wayback Machine, July 8, 2016, https://web.archive.org/web/20160714055313/http://etherscan.io/token/thedao-proposal/242. 24. “TheDAO Proposal_ID 243,” Etherscan via Wayback Machine, July 13, 2016, https://web.archive.org/web/20160713002933/http://etherscan.io/token/thedao-proposal/243. 25. “TheDAO Proposal_ID 263,” Etherscan via Wayback Machine, July 11, 2016, https://web.archive.org/web/20170722132438/https://etherscan.io/token/thedao-proposal/263; “TheDAO Proposal_ID 265,” Etherscan via Wayback Machine, July 10, 2016, https://web.archive.org/web/20160710103342/http://etherscan.io/token/thedao-proposal/265; “TheDAO Proposal_ID 266,” Etherscan via Wayback Machine, July 7, 2016, https://web.archive.org/web/20160710103139/http://etherscan.io/token/thedao-proposal/266. 26.

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Vitalik Buterin, “Bitcoin and the Goldbugs,” Bitcoin Weekly via Wayback Machine, June 12, 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20110617050611/http://bitcoinweekly.com/articles/bitcoin-and-the-goldbugs. 8. Vitalik Buterin, “Social Democracy Enforced in Currency,” Bitcoin Weekly via Wayback Machine, August 15, 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20110828021149/http://bitcoinweekly.com/articles/social-democracy-enforced-in-currency. 9. Bitcoin Weekly (@BitcoinWeekly) Twitter page, Twitter, accessed April 3, 2021, https://twitter.com/BitcoinWeekly. Bitcoin Weekly homepage via Wayback Machine, static for months after September 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20110601000000*/http://bitcoinweekly.com. 10.

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Vitalik Buterin, “Olympic: Frontier Pre-Release,” Ethereum Foundation Blog, May 9, 2015, https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/05/09/olympic-frontier-pre-release. 18. Gavin Wood, “Another Ethereum ÐEV Update,” Ethereum Foundation Blog via Wayback Machine, June 15, 2015, https://web.archive.org/web/20150629033357/https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/06/15/another-ethereum-dξv-update. 19. “What Is Ether?,” Ethereum.org via Wayback Machine, August 7, 2015, https://web.archive.org/web/20150807141640/https://ethereum.org/ether; “Ethereum Frontier Release,” Ethereum.org via Wayback Machine, August 2, 2015, https://web.archive.org/web/20150802035735/https://www.ethereum.org. 20. Stephan Tual, “Announcing the New Foundation Board and Executive Director,” Ethereum Foundation Blog, July 30, 2015, https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/07/30/announcing-new-foundation-board-executive-director.

Matchmakers: The New Economics of Multisided Platforms by David S. Evans, Richard Schmalensee

Airbnb, Alvin Roth, Andy Rubin, big-box store, business process, cashless society, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, creative destruction, Deng Xiaoping, digital divide, disruptive innovation, if you build it, they will come, information asymmetry, Internet Archive, invention of movable type, invention of the printing press, invention of the telegraph, invention of the telephone, Jean Tirole, John Markoff, Lyft, M-Pesa, market friction, market microstructure, Max Levchin, mobile money, multi-sided market, Network effects, PalmPilot, Productivity paradox, profit maximization, purchasing power parity, QR code, ride hailing / ride sharing, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, Steve Jobs, the long tail, Tim Cook: Apple, transaction costs, two-sided market, Uber for X, uber lyft, ubercab, vertical integration, Victor Gruen, Wayback Machine, winner-take-all economy

E-mail from Karim Jawed, quoted in Randall Stross, Planet Google: One Company’s Audacious Plan to Organize Everything We Know (New York: Free Press, 2009), 116. 8. As of April 28, 2005. This does not appear in Wayback Machine screenshots after this date. YouTube home page (archived April 28, 2005), Internet Archive Wayback Machine, https://web.archive.org/web/20050428014715/ http://www.youtube.com/. 9. Karim, “YouTube: From Concept to Hypergrowth.” 10. Stross, Planet Google, 116. 11. YouTube home page (archived September 1, 2005), Internet Archive Wayback Machine. 12. Under US copyright law, a site is supposed to take down copyrighted material when it is notified. YouTube was eventually sued over whether it complied.

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Donny Kwok, “Alibaba.com Says Asia Needs E-Business,” Reuters News, October 7, 1999. 14. Winter Nie, “A Leap of Faith with Alibaba,” June 2014, http://www.imd.org/research/challenges/TC046-14-leap-of-faith-with-alibaba-winter-nie.cfm. 15. Kwok, “Alibaba.com Says Asia Needs E-Business” 16. Alibaba.com’s home page (archived February 8, 2000), Internet Archive Wayback Machine, https://web.archive.org/web/20000208125348/ http://www.alibaba.com/. 17. Alibaba Group, “Alibaba.com Celebrates 1,000,000th Member,” December 27, 2001, http://www.alibabagroup.com/en/news/press_pdf/p011227.pdf. 18. Shiying Liu and Martha Avery, alibaba (New York: HarperCollins e-books, 2009), 69. 19.

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This talk provides an interesting and entertaining look at the early history of YouTube. 2. And maybe find a date. Right underneath the sign-in, users were prompted for “I’m a [blank] seeking [a blank] between [the age of blank] and [the age of blank].” YouTube home page (archived April 28, 2005), Internet Archive Wayback Machine, https://web.archive.Org/web/20050428014715/ http://www.youtube.com/. 3. This chapter focuses on situations like that faced by YouTube, in which more participation on any one side attracts more participation on the other side(s). This is true for many but not all multisided platforms. As we noted in chapter 2, for instance, radio advertisers are attracted by listeners, but listeners are not generally attracted by advertisers.

Dark Mirror: Edward Snowden and the Surveillance State by Barton Gellman

4chan, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Aaron Swartz, active measures, air gap, Anton Chekhov, Big Tech, bitcoin, Cass Sunstein, Citizen Lab, cloud computing, corporate governance, crowdsourcing, data acquisition, data science, Debian, desegregation, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, end-to-end encryption, evil maid attack, financial independence, Firefox, GnuPG, Google Hangouts, housing justice, informal economy, information security, Jacob Appelbaum, job automation, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, Ken Thompson, Laura Poitras, MITM: man-in-the-middle, national security letter, off-the-grid, operational security, planetary scale, private military company, ransomware, Reflections on Trusting Trust, Robert Gordon, Robert Hanssen: Double agent, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, Saturday Night Live, seminal paper, Seymour Hersh, Silicon Valley, Skype, social graph, standardized shipping container, Steven Levy, TED Talk, telepresence, the long tail, undersea cable, Wayback Machine, web of trust, WikiLeaks, zero day, Zimmermann PGP

a web design company: “Clockwork Chihuahua Studios,” Wayback Machine, July 8, 2002, https://web.archive.org/web/20030604101959/http://clockworkchihuahua.com/index.html. In his memoir, Snowden disguises the name as “Squirreling Industries.” See Snowden, Permanent Record, 70. online showcase for anime: “Ryuhana Press,” Wayback Machine, November 3, 2001, http://web.archive.org/web/20020408171636/http://ryuhanapress.com/home.html. brought a lot of money: Snowden, interview with author, July 1, 2015, Moscow. “Editor/Coffee-Boy”: Ed Snowden profile, Ryuhana Press, Wayback Machine, April 27, 2002, http://web.archive.org/web/20031018021255/http://ryuhanapress.com/ed.html.

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His grades were erratic: Family confidant, interview with author, July 22, 2014. refused to return to school: Edward Snowden, interviews with author, 2015. See also Snowden, Permanent Record, 65. “The public education system”: The accent in “spikéd” and the confusion of “its” and “it’s” are from the original. See “Profile: Ed Snowden,” Ryuhana Press, Wayback Machine, April 27, 2002, http://web.archive.org/web/20031018021255/http://ryuhanapress.com/ed.html. “I’m from the Los Alamos National Laboratory”: Family confidant, interview with author, August 2016. asked if Snowden was looking for work: Snowden, Permanent Record, 60. seemed to be choosing almost at random: Snowden and a family confidant, interviews with author, 2014 and 2015.

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“Editor/Coffee-Boy”: Ed Snowden profile, Ryuhana Press, Wayback Machine, April 27, 2002, http://web.archive.org/web/20031018021255/http://ryuhanapress.com/ed.html. “Ed is positive”: “Ahhh . . . Birthdays Are a Blessed Time,” Ryuhana Press, Wayback Machine, June 21, 2002, http://web.archive.org/web/20031008215713/http://ryuhanapress.com/edbirthday.html. otaku for obsessive fans: Annalee Newitz, “Anime Otaku: Japanese Animation Fans Outside Japan,” Bad Subjects, April 1994, http://www.udel.edu/History-old/figal/Hist372/Materials/animeotaku.pdf. this time taking his friends: Katie Bair, “Yes Folks, She’s Still Standing!,” Katie Bair’s Art Emporium & Petting Zoo, August 13, 2002, https://web.archive.org/web/20030130163154/http://www.katiebair.com/news081302.html.

Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language by Gretchen McCulloch

4chan, Black Lives Matter, book scanning, British Empire, Cambridge Analytica, citation needed, context collapse, Day of the Dead, DeepMind, digital divide, disinformation, Donald Trump, emotional labour, en.wikipedia.org, eternal september, Firefox, Flynn Effect, Google Hangouts, Ian Bogost, Internet Archive, invention of the printing press, invention of the telephone, lolcat, machine translation, moral panic, multicultural london english, natural language processing, Neal Stephenson, off-the-grid, pre–internet, QWERTY keyboard, Ray Oldenburg, Silicon Valley, Skype, Snapchat, Snow Crash, social bookmarking, social web, SoftBank, Steven Pinker, tech worker, TED Talk, telemarketer, The Great Good Place, the strength of weak ties, Twitter Arab Spring, upwardly mobile, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, Wayback Machine

thread=173014917#t173014917. Wayback Machine / archive.org and Google Search are blocked by the site’s robots.txt, but a searchable archive of this forum is available on Google Groups at groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/sock_gryphon_group/c0juZF--BL8%5B551-575%5D. “It seems to designate”: Seasontoseason. July 12, 2010. “Tilde in Internet Slang.” Linguaphiles LiveJournal group. linguaphiles.livejournal.com/5169778.html. “what I am guessing”: Anonymous. August 7, 2012. “Leading tilde?” Fail. Fandom. Anon. fail-fandomanon.livejournal.com/38277.html?thread=173014917#t173014917. Wayback Machine / archive.org and Google Search blocked by site’s robots.txt, but a searchable archive of this forum is available on Google Groups at groups.google.com/forum/#!

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Acknowledgments The best part about writing a book about the internet is that when you inevitably get distracted by the internet, it often ends up sparking something to write about. Thanks to internet people in general. A big problem in internet research is that half the links you cite will stop working in just two years. To mitigate link rot, every link in this book has been saved in the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine, and I’ve made a donation to help it stay in operation. Enter any broken urls at archive.org for a backed-up copy. I’d like to thank my editor, Courtney Young, for understanding the spirit of the book better than I did myself at times. Thank you also to the rest of the team at Riverhead Books, especially Kevin Murphy, and the copyediting team for gracefully handling a style guide founded on internet style; jacket designer Grace Han for landing on a brilliant representation of internet writing; and my publicist, Shailyn Tavella, for her energy and enthusiasm.

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Wired. www.wired.com/2017/05/oral-history-hashtag/. #sarcasm and other joke hashtags: Gretchen McCulloch. April 5, 2017. twitter.com/GretchenAMcC/status/849745556188672000. “When hanging out”: Ben Zimmer. November 21, 2009. “Social Media Dialects: I Speak Twitter . . . You?” Archived at Internet Archive Wayback Machine. web.archive.org/web/20140423112918/mykwblog.wordpress.com/2009/11/21/social-media-dialects-i-speak-twitter-you/. parents reporting: Gretchen McCulloch. March 25, 2017. twitter.com/GretchenAMcC/status/845844245047070720. “hashtag mom joke”: Alexandra D’Arcy. March 26, 2017. twitter.com/LangMaverick/status/845863180534349824.

Off the Edge: Flat Earthers, Conspiracy Culture, and Why People Will Believe Anything by Kelly Weill

4chan, Albert Einstein, Alfred Russel Wallace, algorithmic bias, anti-communist, Apollo 11, Big Tech, bitcoin, Comet Ping Pong, coronavirus, COVID-19, crisis actor, cryptocurrency, disinformation, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, fake news, false flag, income inequality, Internet Archive, Isaac Newton, Johannes Kepler, Kevin Roose, Kickstarter, lockdown, Mark Zuckerberg, Mars Society, mass immigration, medical malpractice, moral panic, off-the-grid, QAnon, recommendation engine, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, tech worker, Tesla Model S, TikTok, Timothy McVeigh, Wayback Machine, Y2K

date=19970328&slug=2531080. alien abduction insurance Edith Lederer, “Alien Abduction Insurance Cancelled,” Associated Press, April 2, 1997. quirk of computer geeks Weise, “Internet Provided Way to Pay Bills.” “hamster insurrectionist group” Fake Flat Earth Society home page, Wayback Machine, Internet Archive, February 26, 2000, https://web.archive.org/ web/20000226041945/http://alaska.net/~clund/e_djublonskopf/flathome.htm. “interesting and/or revolting websites” Kate Silver, “Site Specific,” Miami Herald, November 30, 2001. “government-run re-education centers” “Welcome to Y2K Newswire,” November 18, 1999, Wayback Machine, Internet Archive, https://web.archive.org/ web/19991118033625/http://www.y2knewswire.com/. “into the year 2000” Jonathan Chevreau, “Who’s Afraid of the Big, Bad Y2K Bug?”

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Facebook Emails Prove Otherwise,” Daily Beast, April 12, 2018, www.thedailybeast.com/diamond-and-silk-claim-facebook-never-contactedthem-facebook-emails-prove-otherwise. 114 government action against Google Kelly Weill, “Trump Threatens to Regulate ‘Rigged’ Google after Right-Wing Blog Post” Daily Beast, August 28, 2018, www .thedailybeast.com/ trump-threatens-to-regulate-rigged-google-after-right-wing-blog-post. 115 “expect massive casualties” FBI, “FBI Arrests Cave Junction Man on Charges He Threatened YouTube Employees and CEO,” news release, September 21, 2018, https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/portland/news/press-releases/fbiarrests-cave-junction-man-on-charges-he-threatened-youtube-employeesand-ceo. 115 arrested for his threats Kelly Weill, “QAnon Fan Arrested for Threatening Massacre at YouTube Headquarters,” Daily Beast, September 27, 2018, https://www.thedailybeast.com/qanon-fan-arrested-for-threateningmassacre-at-youtube-headquarters. 116 ad revenue was distributed Stephanie Gosk et al., “YouTube Shooter Nasim Aghdam’s Father Baffled by Her Violence,” NBC News, April 4, 2018, www. nbcnews.com/news/us-news/youtube-shooter-nasim-aghdam-was-vegan-whohad-complained-about-n862586. 116 feeling much better Nick Morgan, “Cave Junction Man Admits to Threats against YouTube CEO,” Wayback Machine, Internet Archive, Mail Tribune, February 20, 2020, https://web.archive.org/web/20200224015404/ https://www.mailtribune.com/news/crime-courts-emergencies/ cave-junction-man-admits-to-threats-against-youtube-ceo. 116 three conspiracy theories “Continuing Our Work to Improve Recommendations on YouTube,” YouTube Official Blog, January 25, 2019, https://blog.youtube/news-and-events/continuing-our-work-to-improve.

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“personal luxuries” Paul On The Plane, “Flat Earth Antarctic Expedition 2017,” YouTube video, June 10, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7QBpi47ma84. suppress its believers Paul On The Plane, “2017 Antarctica Expedition – REAL or HOAX?” YouTube video, August 17, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=pp_b1H8SHAo&t=0s. starting at $11,900 Over the Poles home page, Wayback Machine, Internet Archive, May 12, 2018, https://web.archive.org/web/20180512054019/https://www .overthepoles2018.com/. in whiteout conditions Hugh Morris, “The Trouble with Flying over Antarctica—and the Airline That’s Planning to Start,” Telegraph, April 17, 2019, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travel-truths/do-planes-fly-over-antarctica/.

Nerds on Wall Street: Math, Machines and Wired Markets by David J. Leinweber

"World Economic Forum" Davos, AI winter, Alan Greenspan, algorithmic trading, AOL-Time Warner, Apollo 11, asset allocation, banking crisis, barriers to entry, Bear Stearns, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Bob Litterman, book value, business cycle, butter production in bangladesh, butterfly effect, buttonwood tree, buy and hold, buy low sell high, capital asset pricing model, Charles Babbage, citizen journalism, collateralized debt obligation, Cornelius Vanderbilt, corporate governance, Craig Reynolds: boids flock, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, Danny Hillis, demand response, disintermediation, distributed generation, diversification, diversified portfolio, electricity market, Emanuel Derman, en.wikipedia.org, experimental economics, fake news, financial engineering, financial innovation, fixed income, Ford Model T, Gordon Gekko, Hans Moravec, Herman Kahn, implied volatility, index arbitrage, index fund, information retrieval, intangible asset, Internet Archive, Ivan Sutherland, Jim Simons, John Bogle, John Nash: game theory, Kenneth Arrow, load shedding, Long Term Capital Management, machine readable, machine translation, Machine translation of "The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak." to Russian and back, market fragmentation, market microstructure, Mars Rover, Metcalfe’s law, military-industrial complex, moral hazard, mutually assured destruction, Myron Scholes, natural language processing, negative equity, Network effects, optical character recognition, paper trading, passive investing, pez dispenser, phenotype, prediction markets, proprietary trading, quantitative hedge fund, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, QWERTY keyboard, RAND corporation, random walk, Ray Kurzweil, Reminiscences of a Stock Operator, Renaissance Technologies, risk free rate, risk tolerance, risk-adjusted returns, risk/return, Robert Metcalfe, Ronald Reagan, Rubik’s Cube, Savings and loan crisis, semantic web, Sharpe ratio, short selling, short squeeze, Silicon Valley, Small Order Execution System, smart grid, smart meter, social web, South Sea Bubble, statistical arbitrage, statistical model, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, stock buybacks, Tacoma Narrows Bridge, the scientific method, The Wisdom of Crowds, time value of money, tontine, too big to fail, transaction costs, Turing machine, two and twenty, Upton Sinclair, value at risk, value engineering, Vernor Vinge, Wayback Machine, yield curve, Yogi Berra, your tax dollars at work

Renaissance Technologies, for example, has removed almost everything except the address from its site, www.rentec.com. However, we can tell by its appearance at the top of electronic trade volume lists that Renaissance is keeping its machinery very active in the market. Using the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine,10 a digital time capsule named after Mr. Peabody’s Rocky and Bullwinkle Show time travel machine, we can see what Renaissance and other companies were saying when they were more forthcoming with information. The picture that emerges is actually not all that surprising. The technologically innovative firms describe increasingly sophisticated trading strategies.

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“America’s Top 300 Money Managers,” Institutional Investor, July 2008. 8. Robert Schwartz and David Whitcomb, Transaction Costs and Institutional Investor Trading Strategies, Monograph 1988-23 (New York: New York University Stern School of Business, 1988). 9. Jonathan Stempel, “Citigroup Buys Automated Trading Desk,” Reuters, July 2, 2007. 10. Try the Wayback Machine for yourself at www.archive.org. Type in a URL and a date, and spin the dial. The live music archive, at the same URL, is also quite a find, especially for fans of the Grateful Dead. Gr eatest Hits of Computation in Finance 63 11. For current information and a perspective on the evolution of electronic markets, see the Tabb Group at www.tabbgroup.com. 12.

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The Epinions.com rating site for social web sites gave iExchange four stars, “a good place to make money.” The anonymous successful investors on the right are minting money. Surely they will be willing to pay the insightful analysts who let them reap these rewards? What could go wrong? Plenty. Perhaps you noticed that the screen grab is from the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine,6 the elephant graveyard of the Internet. Either those 1,200 percent returns weren’t enough to keep people happy or something went awry. The party ended, fittingly enough, just before April Fools’ Day in 2001, with the following signoff, comprising the entirety of the iExchange site: To the iExchange Members & Analysts: We regret to inform you that the iExchange community web site has been permanently shut down, effective March 29, 2001.

Hemingway Didn't Say That: The Truth Behind Familiar Quotations by Garson O'Toole

Abraham Maslow, Albert Einstein, Anton Chekhov, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, Bertrand Russell: In Praise of Idleness, en.wikipedia.org, Honoré de Balzac, Internet Archive, Lao Tzu, Mahatma Gandhi, New Journalism, ought to be enough for anybody, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ronald Reagan, Russell Brand, Steve Jobs, Wayback Machine, Yogi Berra

The website answerbag.com is now defunct, but the webpage cited here can be found via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine, which captured a snapshot of the webpage on October 25, 2012. See https://web.archive.org/web/20121025152939/http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/2809436. 3. “The Day That Albert Einstein Feared May Have Finally Arrived,” imfunny.net, November 3, 2012. The website imfunny.net is now defunct, but the webpage cited here can be found via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine, which captured a snapshot of the webpage on November 10, 2012, although, unfortunately, the picture with the quotation was not part of the snapshot. (The Internet Archive Wayback Machine does not always store all images.)

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Dates on websites are sometimes inaccurate because the retroactive alteration of text and dates is easy to accomplish. Sometimes the content of a webpage is altered, and the date associated with the content is not updated to reflect the modification. Luckily, a snapshot of the webpage at answerbag.com with the saying was stored in the Internet Archive Wayback Machine database on October 25, 2012. Thus, the accuracy of that date is supported. Another now defunct website called imfunny.net displayed an elaborate nine-panel composite image dated November 3, 2012, with the title “The Day That Albert Einstein Feared May Have Finally Arrived.” Eight panels showed people preoccupied by phones.

Technically Wrong: Sexist Apps, Biased Algorithms, and Other Threats of Toxic Tech by Sara Wachter-Boettcher

"Susan Fowler" uber, Abraham Maslow, Airbnb, airport security, algorithmic bias, AltaVista, big data - Walmart - Pop Tarts, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, data science, deep learning, Donald Trump, fake news, false flag, Ferguson, Missouri, Firefox, Grace Hopper, Greyball, Hacker News, hockey-stick growth, independent contractor, job automation, Kickstarter, lifelogging, lolcat, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, Max Levchin, Menlo Park, meritocracy, microaggression, move fast and break things, natural language processing, Northpointe / Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions, off-the-grid, pattern recognition, Peter Thiel, real-name policy, recommendation engine, ride hailing / ride sharing, Salesforce, self-driving car, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Snapchat, Steve Jobs, Tactical Technology Collective, TED Talk, Tim Cook: Apple, Travis Kalanick, upwardly mobile, Wayback Machine, women in the workforce, work culture , zero-sum game

Maggie Delano, “I Tried Tracking My Period and It Was Even Worse Than I Could Have Imagined,” Medium, February 23, 2015, https://medium.com/@maggied/i-tried-tracking-my-period-and-it-was-even-worse-than-i-could-have-imagined-bb46f869f45. 2. Glow, “About Glow,” Wayback Machine, September 21, 2013, https://web.archive.org/web/20130921143302/https://www.glowing.com/about. 3. Kia Kokalitcheva, “Glow Brings in $17M in New Funding, Puts Big Data to Work for Women’s Health,” VentureBeat, October 2, 2014, http://venturebeat.com/2014/10/02/glow-brings-in-17m-in-new-funding-as-puts-big-data-to-task-with-fertility-challenges. 4. Glow, “About Glow,” Wayback Machine, March 27, 2014, https://web.archive.org/web/20140327011628/https://glowing.com/about. 5. Erin Abler, Twitter post, January 31, 2017 (6:12 p.m.), https://twitter.com/erinabler/status/826614200114016256. 6.

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Nick Douglas, “Twitter Blows Up at SXSW Conference,” Gawker (blog), March 12, 2007, http://gawker.com/243634/twitter-blows-up-at-sxsw-conference. 17. Aaron Smith, “Twitter Update 2011,” Pew Research Center, June 1, 2011, http://www.pewinternet.org/2011/06/01/twitter-update-2011. 18. Twitter, [homepage], Wayback Machine, February 2, 2007, https://web.archive.org/web/20070202022702/www.twitter.com. 19. Lucy Battersby, “Twitter Criticised for Failing to Respond to Caroline Criado-Perez Rape Threats,” Age, July 29, 2013, http://www.theage.com.au/digital-life/digital-life-news/twitter-criticised-for-failing-to-respond-to-caroline-criadoperez-rape-threats-20130729-2qu8d.html. 20.

The Art of SEO by Eric Enge, Stephan Spencer, Jessie Stricchiola, Rand Fishkin

AltaVista, barriers to entry, bounce rate, Build a better mousetrap, business intelligence, cloud computing, content marketing, dark matter, en.wikipedia.org, Firefox, folksonomy, Google Chrome, Google Earth, hypertext link, index card, information retrieval, Internet Archive, Larry Ellison, Law of Accelerating Returns, linked data, mass immigration, Metcalfe’s law, Network effects, optical character recognition, PageRank, performance metric, Quicken Loans, risk tolerance, search engine result page, self-driving car, sentiment analysis, social bookmarking, social web, sorting algorithm, speech recognition, Steven Levy, text mining, the long tail, vertical integration, Wayback Machine, web application, wikimedia commons

Regardless of the path you choose, it is helpful to be able to simply and rapidly prove that you are the original author of the content. One tool that can help with that is the Wayback Machine (http://www.archive.org). This site keeps copies of websites over time. You enter a website name, click Search, and get a screen that may look a bit like Figure 11-5. Figure 11-5. Sample data from Archive.org You can then click on one of the dates to see the state of the website on that date. The Wayback Machine does not always keep complete site copies, but a lot of data is available there, and you can use it to provide clear proof that you were the first person to publish a given piece of content.

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Google Trends for Websites Note that tools such as Alexa, Compete, and Quantcast do have other unique features and functionality not available in Google Trends for Websites. How does the current state of their sites’ SEO compare with those of years past? You can reach back into history and access previous versions of your competitors’ home pages and view the HTML source to see which optimization tactics they were employing back then. The Wayback Machine (http://www.archive.org) provides an amazingly extensive archive of web pages. Assessing Historical Progress Measuring the results of SEO changes can be challenging, partly because there are so many moving parts and partly because months can elapse between when changes are made to a site and when results are seen in search rankings and traffic.

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Previous SEO Work When you are brought on to handle the SEO for a particular website, one of the first things you need to find out is which SEO activities have previously been attempted. There may be valuable data there, such as a log of changes that you can match up with analytics data to gauge impact. If no such log exists, you can always check the Wayback Machine (http://www.archive.org) to see whether it has historical logs for your website. This offers snapshots of what the site looked like at various points in time. Even if a log was not kept, spend some time building a timeline of when any of the types of changes that affect SEO (as discussed in the previous section) took place.

Lurking: How a Person Became a User by Joanne McNeil

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 4chan, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Ada Lovelace, Adam Curtis, Airbnb, AltaVista, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Andy Rubin, benefit corporation, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, Burning Man, Cambridge Analytica, Chelsea Manning, Chris Wanstrath, citation needed, cloud computing, context collapse, crowdsourcing, data science, deal flow, decentralized internet, delayed gratification, dematerialisation, disinformation, don't be evil, Donald Trump, drone strike, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, eternal september, fake news, feminist movement, Firefox, gentrification, Google Earth, Google Glasses, Google Hangouts, green new deal, helicopter parent, holacracy, Internet Archive, invention of the telephone, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, John Perry Barlow, Jon Ronson, Julie Ann Horvath, Kim Stanley Robinson, l'esprit de l'escalier, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Max Levchin, means of production, Menlo Park, Mondo 2000, moral panic, move fast and break things, Neal Stephenson, Network effects, packet switching, PageRank, pre–internet, profit motive, Project Xanadu, QAnon, real-name policy, recommendation engine, Salesforce, Saturday Night Live, Sheryl Sandberg, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, slashdot, Snapchat, social graph, Social Justice Warrior, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, subscription business, surveillance capitalism, tech worker, techlash, technoutopianism, Ted Nelson, TED Talk, Tim Cook: Apple, trade route, Turing complete, Wayback Machine, We are the 99%, web application, white flight, Whole Earth Catalog, you are the product

They hired a “Library Partnership Manager,” who sent out the “Google Librarian Newsletter,” which included a mix of links to news on libraries and its own products like Google Earth. The newsletters were sent less frequently in 2007, and they finally came to a stop in 2009. Later, the Librarian Center page was taken offline, although it is still available to view on the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine. After abandoning the community, Google returned to the ALA Conference in 2012 with convenient corporate amnesia. Google claimed it was a first-time exhibitor. A number of librarians were confused and insulted. “Librarians remember,” West said. But so much had changed in the years between Google’s ALA debuts, and part of that was the company’s influence elsewhere.

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Chester’s quote comes from the story “Wired Like Me” (David Kushner, March 30, 1999), which profiles Benjamin Sun, the CEO of Asian Avenue, and addresses the challenges McLean Greaves and Lavonne Luquis faced raising capital. Cafe los Negroes came to life for me when I visited the old website courtesy of the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine. The note about the posters in Bed-Stuy comes from Charisse Jones’s story in The New York Times (“Power Through Cyberspace,” August 3, 1996). I interviewed Mendi and Keith Obadike over email in 2017. The earlier quote comes from Coco Fusco’s interview with Keith Obadike in 2011, which is available to view on the Obadikes’ website Blackness for Sale (“All Too Real: The Tale of an On-Line Black Sale: Coco Fusco Interviews Keith Townsend Obadike,” September 24, 2001).

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The book review section, whether of a newspaper or a magazine, remains the forum where new titles are taken seriously as works of art and argument, and not merely as opportunities for shallow grandstanding and overblown ranting, all too often by kids hoping to be noticed for their sass and vulgarity. Should we allow our culture to descend to this playground level of discourse?” The National Book Critics Circle blog, where his comment appeared, can be accessed through the Wayback Machine (https://web.archive.org/web/20070504052340/http://bookcriticscircle.blogspot.com/2007/04/marie-arana-book-editor-washington-post.html). Several websites have covered Tumblr’s decline (Gita Jackson, “In 2018, Tumblr Is a Joyless Black Hole,” Kotaku, July 2, 2018; Brian Feldman, “Tumblr’s Unclear Future Shows That There’s No Money in Internet Culture,” New York, June 28, 2017; Seth Fiegerman, “How Yahoo Derailed Tumblr,” Mashable, June 15, 2016; Joe Porter, “Tumblr was removed from Apple’s App Store over child pornography issues,” The Verge, November 20, 2018), but, as I write this, WordPress is set to buy it, so there’s some hope for a turnaround.

Elon Musk: A Mission to Save the World by Anna Crowley Redding

Albert Einstein, artificial general intelligence, Burning Man, California high-speed rail, Colonization of Mars, El Camino Real, Elon Musk, energy security, Ford Model T, gigafactory, high-speed rail, Hyperloop, Internet Archive, Jeff Bezos, Khan Academy, Kim Stanley Robinson, Kwajalein Atoll, Large Hadron Collider, low earth orbit, Mars Society, Max Levchin, Menlo Park, OpenAI, orbital mechanics / astrodynamics, Peter Thiel, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Solyndra, SpaceX Starlink, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jurvetson, TED Talk, Tesla Model S, Wayback Machine

A week later, Zip2 attracted a $3 million investment from the venture capital firm Mohr, Davidow. Three million dollars. “We thought they were crazy. Like why would they do that?” Elon said, laughing with Kimbal years later. “They obviously did not realize we were sleeping at the office!”53 Zip2.com on January 3, 1997 (via Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine). But that money came with strings attached. Strings that would dictate who ran the company, and it wasn’t going to be Elon. Instead of being CEO, Elon was named the chief technology officer. ROAD TRIP ALERT! New money meant a new, bigger office. Their new address: 390 Cambridge Avenue, Palo Alto.

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Elon spent the next forty- eight hours at the office. He had to make sure that everything ran smoothly and that any problems were quickly solved. Silver lining? Elon’s around-the-clock presence allowed his engineers a few hours at home with their families. X.com on March 1, 2000 (via Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine). TBH: Sometimes hard work smells bad. According to early X.com employee Julie Ankenbrandt, the office smelled of sweat, body odor, and—wait for it—leftover pizza. As for that gamble about whether people would actually hand over their money to an online bank? Well, as it turns out, Elon was right.

Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations by Clay Shirky

Andrew Keen, Andy Carvin, Berlin Wall, bike sharing, bioinformatics, Brewster Kahle, c2.com, Charles Lindbergh, commons-based peer production, crowdsourcing, digital rights, en.wikipedia.org, Free Software Foundation, Garrett Hardin, hiring and firing, hive mind, Howard Rheingold, Internet Archive, invention of agriculture, invention of movable type, invention of the printing press, invention of the telegraph, jimmy wales, John Perry Barlow, Joi Ito, Kuiper Belt, liberation theology, Mahatma Gandhi, means of production, Merlin Mann, Metcalfe’s law, Nash equilibrium, Network effects, Nicholas Carr, Picturephone, place-making, Pluto: dwarf planet, power law, prediction markets, price mechanism, prisoner's dilemma, profit motive, Richard Stallman, Robert Metcalfe, Ronald Coase, Silicon Valley, slashdot, social software, Stewart Brand, supply-chain management, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, the long tail, The Nature of the Firm, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, ultimatum game, Vilfredo Pareto, Wayback Machine, Yochai Benkler, Yogi Berra

Many organizations are working on long-term solutions to this problem; the most fully realized effort is Brewster Kahle’s Internet Archive, at archive.org. Among the services hosted at the Internet Archive is the Wayback Machine, which contains snapshots of an enormous number of websites taken over a period of years. For instance, a search of the Wayback Machine for material relating to the story of Ivanna’s phone produces a list of archived copies of Evan’s website, available at the rather lengthy URL web.archive.org/web/*/evanwashere.com/StolenSidekick (the * is part of the URL). The Wayback Machine has only a fraction of the material produced for the Web since the early 1990s, but its collection is far larger and more general than any other publicly available resource.

An Economic History of the Twentieth Century by J. Bradford Delong

affirmative action, Alan Greenspan, Andrei Shleifer, ASML, asset-backed security, Ayatollah Khomeini, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business cycle, buy and hold, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, Carmen Reinhart, centre right, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collective bargaining, colonial rule, coronavirus, cotton gin, COVID-19, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, cuban missile crisis, deindustrialization, demographic transition, Deng Xiaoping, Donald Trump, en.wikipedia.org, ending welfare as we know it, endogenous growth, Fairchild Semiconductor, fake news, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial repression, flying shuttle, Ford Model T, Ford paid five dollars a day, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, general purpose technology, George Gilder, German hyperinflation, global value chain, Great Leap Forward, Gunnar Myrdal, Haber-Bosch Process, Hans Rosling, hedonic treadmill, Henry Ford's grandson gave labor union leader Walter Reuther a tour of the company’s new, automated factory…, housing crisis, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, income per capita, industrial research laboratory, interchangeable parts, Internet Archive, invention of agriculture, invention of the steam engine, It's morning again in America, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Rogoff, labor-force participation, land reform, late capitalism, Les Trente Glorieuses, liberal capitalism, liquidity trap, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, manufacturing employment, market bubble, means of production, megacity, Menlo Park, Mikhail Gorbachev, mortgage debt, mutually assured destruction, Neal Stephenson, occupational segregation, oil shock, open borders, open economy, Paul Samuelson, Pearl River Delta, Phillips curve, plutocrats, price stability, Productivity paradox, profit maximization, public intellectual, quantitative easing, Ralph Waldo Emerson, restrictive zoning, rising living standards, road to serfdom, Robert Gordon, Robert Solow, rolodex, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, savings glut, secular stagnation, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, social intelligence, Stanislav Petrov, strikebreaker, structural adjustment programs, Suez canal 1869, surveillance capitalism, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Chicago School, The Great Moderation, The Nature of the Firm, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, too big to fail, transaction costs, transatlantic slave trade, transcontinental railway, TSMC, union organizing, vertical integration, W. E. B. Du Bois, Wayback Machine, Yom Kippur War

Hegel as quoted by John Ganz, “The Politics of Cultural Despair,” Substack, April 20, 2021, https://johnganz.substack.com/p/the-politics-of-cultural-despair. @Ronald00Address reports that it is from G. W. F. Hegel, Letter to [Karl Ludwig von] Knebel, August 30, 1807, NexusMods, www.nexusmods.com/cyberpunk2077/images/15600, quoted in Walter Benjamin, On the Concept of History, 1940, translated by Dennis Redmond, August 4, 2001, Internet Archive Wayback Machine, https://web.archive.org/web/20120710213703/http://members.efn.org/~dredmond/Theses_on_History.PDF. 20. Madeleine Albright, Fascism: A Warning, New York: HarperCollins, 2018. 21. Fred Block, “Introduction,” in Karl Polanyi, Great Transformation. 22. See Charles I. Jones, “Paul Romer: Ideas, Nonrivalry, and Endogenous Growth,” Scandinavian Journal of Economics 121, no. 3 (2019): 859–883. 23.

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David Glantz, Operation Barbarossa: Hitler’s Invasion of Russia, 1941, Cheltenham, UK: History Press, 2011, 19–22. 20. Irwin Collier believes G.H.M. to be Gilbert Holland Montague. Irwin Collier, “Harvard(?) Professor’s Standard of Living, 1905,” Economics in the Rear-View Mirror, 2017, www.irwincollier.com/harvard-professors-standard-of-living-1905; “Gilbert Holland Mongague, 1880–1961,” Internet Archive Wayback Machine, https://web.archive.org/web/20040310032941/http://www.montaguemillennium.com/familyresearch/h_1961_gilbert.htm. 21. G.H.M., “What Should College Professors Be Paid?,” Atlantic Monthly 95, no. 5 (May 1905): 647–650. 22. Byington, Homestead. 23. Ray Ginger, Age of Excess: American Life from the End of Reconstruction to World War I, New York: Macmillan, 1965, 95. 24.

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Yellin, “How the Black Middle Class Was Attacked by Woodrow Wilson’s Administration,” The Conversation, February 8, 2016, https://theconversation.com/how-the-black-middle-class-was-attacked-by-woodrow-wilsons-administration-52200; Franklin Delano Roosevelt, “Cover Memorandum,” August 7, 1916, reprinted in “Roosevelt Exposed as Rabid Jim Crower by Navy Order,” Chicago Defender, October 15, 1932, 1, available at Internet Archive Wayback Machine, web.archive.org/web/20110104185404/http://j-bradford-delong.net/2007_images/20070728_Roosevelt_memo.pdf. 28. J. H. Habakkuk, American and British Technology in the Nineteenth Century: The Search for Labour Saving Inventions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1962; David A. Hounshell, From the American System to Mass Production: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States, 1850–1920, Wilmington: University of Delaware Press, 1978. 29.

This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. The Climate by Naomi Klein

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 1960s counterculture, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, An Inconvenient Truth, Anthropocene, battle of ideas, Berlin Wall, Big Tech, big-box store, bilateral investment treaty, Blockadia, Boeing 747, British Empire, business climate, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon credits, carbon footprint, carbon tax, clean tech, clean water, Climategate, cognitive dissonance, coherent worldview, colonial rule, Community Supported Agriculture, complexity theory, crony capitalism, decarbonisation, degrowth, deindustrialization, dematerialisation, different worldview, Donald Trump, Downton Abbey, Dr. Strangelove, electricity market, energy security, energy transition, equal pay for equal work, extractivism, Exxon Valdez, failed state, fake news, Fall of the Berlin Wall, feminist movement, financial deregulation, food miles, Food sovereignty, gentrification, geopolitical risk, global supply chain, green transition, high-speed rail, hydraulic fracturing, ice-free Arctic, immigration reform, income per capita, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet Archive, invention of the steam engine, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, James Watt: steam engine, Jones Act, Kickstarter, Kim Stanley Robinson, land bank, light touch regulation, man camp, managed futures, market fundamentalism, Medieval Warm Period, Michael Shellenberger, military-industrial complex, moral hazard, Naomi Klein, new economy, Nixon shock, Occupy movement, ocean acidification, off-the-grid, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, open borders, patent troll, Pearl River Delta, planetary scale, planned obsolescence, post-oil, precautionary principle, profit motive, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Rana Plaza, remunicipalization, renewable energy transition, Ronald Reagan, Russell Brand, scientific management, smart grid, special economic zone, Stephen Hawking, Stewart Brand, structural adjustment programs, Ted Kaczynski, Ted Nordhaus, TED Talk, the long tail, the scientific method, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, trickle-down economics, Upton Sinclair, uranium enrichment, urban planning, urban sprawl, vertical integration, Virgin Galactic, wages for housework, walkable city, Washington Consensus, Wayback Machine, We are all Keynesians now, Whole Earth Catalog, WikiLeaks

“Our Companies: Gevo,” Virgin Green Fund, version saved by the Internet Archive Wayback Machine on September 28, 2013, http://web.archive.org; “Our Companies: Seven Seas Water,” Virgin Green Fund, version saved by the Internet Archive Wayback Machine on April 4, 2014, http://web.archive.org; “Our Companies: Metrolight,” Virgin Green Fund, version saved by the Internet Archive Wayback Machine on October 30, 2013, http://web.archive.org; “Our Companies: GreenRoad,” Virgin Green Fund, version saved by the Internet Archive Wayback Machine on November 29, 2013, http://web.archive.org; personal interview with Evan Lovell, September 3, 2013. 28.

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“Texas Milestones,” The Nature Conservancy, http://www.nature.org. 5. Joe Stephens and David B. Ottaway, “How a Bid to Save a Species Came to Grief,” Washington Post, May 5, 2003; “Texas City Prairie Preserve,” Nature Conservancy, http://www.nature.org, version saved by the Internet Archive Wayback Machine on February 8, 2013, http://web.archive.org. 6. Richard C. Haut et al., “Living in Harmony—Gas Production and the Attwater’s Prairie Chicken,” prepared for presentation at the Society of Petroleum Engineers Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Florence, Italy, September 19–22, 2010, pp. 5, 10; Oil and Gas Lease, Nature Conservancy of Texas, Inc. to Galveston Bay Resources, Inc., March 11, 1999, South 1,057 Acres; Stephens and Ottaway, “How a Bid to Save a Species Came to Grief”; personal interview with Aaron Tjelmeland, April 15, 2013. 7.

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Gus Speth, “American Environmentalism at the Crossroads,” speech, Climate Ethics and Climate Equity series, Wayne Morse Center for Law and Politics, University of Oregon, April 5, 2011. 32. “Corporations,” Conservation Fund, http://www.conservationfund.org; “History,” Conservation International, http://www.conservation.org, version saved by the Internet Archive Wayback Machine on December 3, 2013, http:// web.archive.org. 33. Ottaway and Stephens, “Nonprofit Land Bank Amasses Billions”; Joe Stephens and David B. Ottaway, “Nonprofit Sells Scenic Acreage to Allies at a Loss,” Washington Post, May 6, 2003; Monte Burke, “Eco-Pragmatists; The Nature Conservancy Gets in Bed with Developers, Loggers and Oil Drillers,” Forbes, September 3, 2001. 34.

Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy by Melanie Swan

23andMe, Airbnb, altcoin, Amazon Web Services, asset allocation, banking crisis, basic income, bioinformatics, bitcoin, blockchain, capital controls, cellular automata, central bank independence, clean water, cloud computing, collaborative editing, Conway's Game of Life, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data science, digital divide, disintermediation, Dogecoin, Edward Snowden, en.wikipedia.org, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, fault tolerance, fiat currency, financial innovation, Firefox, friendly AI, Hernando de Soto, information security, intangible asset, Internet Archive, Internet of things, Khan Academy, Kickstarter, Large Hadron Collider, lifelogging, litecoin, Lyft, M-Pesa, microbiome, Neal Stephenson, Network effects, new economy, operational security, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer lending, peer-to-peer model, personalized medicine, post scarcity, power law, prediction markets, QR code, ride hailing / ride sharing, Satoshi Nakamoto, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, SETI@home, sharing economy, Skype, smart cities, smart contracts, smart grid, Snow Crash, software as a service, synthetic biology, technological singularity, the long tail, Turing complete, uber lyft, unbanked and underbanked, underbanked, Vitalik Buterin, Wayback Machine, web application, WikiLeaks

Third, in the area of archiving, a full ecosystem would also necessarily include longevity provisioning and end-of-product-life planning for blockchains. It cannot be assumed that blockchains will exist over time, and their preservation and accessibility is not trivial. A blockchain archival system like the Internet Archive and the Wayback Machine to store blockchains is needed. Not only must blockchain ledger transactions be preserved, but we also need a means of recovering and controlling previously recorded blockchain assets at later dates (that might have been hashed with proprietary algorithms) because it is likely that certain blockchains will go out of business.

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-M2M/IoT Bitcoin Payment Network to Enable the Machine Economy and consensus models, Blockchain AI: Consensus as the Mechanism to Foster “Friendly” AI-Blockchain Consensus Increases the Information Resolution of the Universe extensibility of, Extensibility of Blockchain Technology Concepts for facilitating big data predictive task automation, Blockchain Layer Could Facilitate Big Data’s Predictive Task Automation future applications, Blockchain AI: Consensus as the Mechanism to Foster “Friendly” AI-Blockchain Consensus Increases the Information Resolution of the Universe limitations of (see limitations) organizational capabilities, Blockchain Technology Is a New and Highly Effective Model for Organizing Activity tracking capabilities, Fundamental Economic Principles: Discovery, Value Attribution, and Exchange-Fundamental Economic Principles: Discovery, Value Attribution, and Exchange blockchain-recorded marriage, Decentralized Governance Services BlockCypher, Blockchain Development Platforms and APIs BOINC, DAOs and DACs bond deposit postings, Technical Challenges Brin, David, Freedom of Speech/Anti-Censorship Applications: Alexandria and Ostel BTCjam, Financial Services business model challenges, Business Model Challenges Buttercoin, Financial Services Byrne, Patrick, Financial Services C Campus Cryptocurrency Network, Campuscoin Campuscoin, Campuscoin-Campuscoin censorship, Internet (see decentralized DNS system) Chain, Blockchain Development Platforms and APIs challenges (see see limitations) charity donations, Charity Donations and the Blockchain—Sean’s Outpost China, Relation to Fiat Currency ChromaWallet, Wallet Development Projects Chronobit, Virtual Notary, Bitnotar, and Chronobit Circle Internet Financial, eWallet Services and Personal Cryptosecurity Codius, Financial Services coin drops, Coin Drops as a Strategy for Public Adoption coin mixing, eWallet Services and Personal Cryptosecurity coin, defining, Terminology and Concepts, Currency, Token, Tokenizing Coinapult, Global Public Health: Bitcoin for Contagious Disease Relief Coinapult LOCKS, Relation to Fiat Currency Coinbase, Merchant Acceptance of Bitcoin, Financial Services CoinBeyond, Merchant Acceptance of Bitcoin Coinffeine, Financial Services Coinify, Merchant Acceptance of Bitcoin Coinprism, Wallet Development Projects Coinspace, Crowdfunding CoinSpark, Wallet Development Projects colored coins, Smart Property, Blockchain 2.0 Protocol Projects community supercomputing, Community Supercomputing Communitycoin, Currency, Token, Tokenizing-Communitycoin: Hayek’s Private Currencies Vie for Attention complementary currency systems, Demurrage Currencies: Potentially Incitory and Redistributable concepts, redefining, Terminology and Concepts-Terminology and Concepts consensus models, Blockchain AI: Consensus as the Mechanism to Foster “Friendly” AI-Blockchain Consensus Increases the Information Resolution of the Universe consensus-derived information, Blockchain Consensus Increases the Information Resolution of the Universe contagious disease relief, Global Public Health: Bitcoin for Contagious Disease Relief contracts, Blockchain 2.0: Contracts-The Blockchain as a Path to Artificial Intelligence (see also smart contracts) crowdfunding, Crowdfunding-Crowdfunding financial services, Financial Services-Financial Services marriage, Decentralized Governance Services prediction markets, Bitcoin Prediction Markets smart property, Smart Property-Smart Property wallet development projects, Wallet Development Projects copyright protection, Monegraph: Online Graphics Protection Counterparty, Blockchain 2.0 Protocol Projects, Counterparty Re-creates Ethereum’s Smart Contract Platform Counterparty currency (XCP), Currency, Token, Tokenizing Counterwallet, Wallet Development Projects crowdfunding, Crowdfunding-Crowdfunding cryptocurrencies benefits of, Currency, Token, Tokenizing cryptosecurity, eWallet Services and Personal Cryptosecurity eWallet services, eWallet Services and Personal Cryptosecurity mechanics of, How a Cryptocurrency Works-Merchant Acceptance of Bitcoin merchant acceptance, Merchant Acceptance of Bitcoin cryptosecurity challenges, eWallet Services and Personal Cryptosecurity cryptowallet, Blockchain Neutrality currency, Technology Stack: Blockchain, Protocol, Currency-Regulatory Status, Currency, Token, Tokenizing-Extensibility of Demurrage Concept and Features Campuscoin, Campuscoin-Campuscoin coin drops, Coin Drops as a Strategy for Public Adoption Communitycoin, Communitycoin: Hayek’s Private Currencies Vie for Attention-Communitycoin: Hayek’s Private Currencies Vie for Attention cryptocurrencies, How a Cryptocurrency Works-Merchant Acceptance of Bitcoin decentralizing, Communitycoin: Hayek’s Private Currencies Vie for Attention defining, Currency, Token, Tokenizing-Currency, Token, Tokenizing, Currency: New Meanings demurrage, Demurrage Currencies: Potentially Incitory and Redistributable-Extensibility of Demurrage Concept and Features double-spend problem, The Double-Spend and Byzantine Generals’ Computing Problems fiat currency, Relation to Fiat Currency-Relation to Fiat Currency monetary and nonmonetary, Currency Multiplicity: Monetary and Nonmonetary Currencies-Currency Multiplicity: Monetary and Nonmonetary Currencies new meanings, Currency: New Meanings technology stack, Technology Stack: Blockchain, Protocol, Currency-Technology Stack: Blockchain, Protocol, Currency currency mulitplicity, Currency Multiplicity: Monetary and Nonmonetary Currencies-Currency Multiplicity: Monetary and Nonmonetary Currencies D DAOs, DAOs and DACs-DAOs and DACs DAOs/DACs, DAOs and DACs-DAOs and DACs, Batched Notary Chains as a Class of Blockchain Infrastructure, Blockchain Government Dapps, Dapps-Dapps, Extensibility of Demurrage Concept and Features Dark Coin, eWallet Services and Personal Cryptosecurity dark pools, Technical Challenges Dark Wallet, eWallet Services and Personal Cryptosecurity DASs, DASs and Self-Bootstrapped Organizations DDP, Crowdfunding decentralization, Smart Contracts, Centralization-Decentralization Tension and Equilibrium decentralized applications (Dapps), Dapps-Dapps decentralized autonomous organization/corporation (DAO) (see DAOs/DACs) decentralized autonomous societies (DASs), DASs and Self-Bootstrapped Organizations decentralized autonomy, eWallet Services and Personal Cryptosecurity decentralized DNS, Namecoin: Decentralized Domain Name System-Decentralized DNS Functionality Beyond Free Speech: Digital Identity challenges of, Challenges and Other Decentralized DNS Services and digital identity, Decentralized DNS Functionality Beyond Free Speech: Digital Identity-Decentralized DNS Functionality Beyond Free Speech: Digital Identity DotP2P, Challenges and Other Decentralized DNS Services decentralized file storage, Blockchain Ecosystem: Decentralized Storage, Communication, and Computation decentralized secure file serving, Blockchain Ecosystem: Decentralized Storage, Communication, and Computation deeds, Decentralized Governance Services demurrage currencies, Demurrage Currencies: Potentially Incitory and Redistributable-Extensibility of Demurrage Concept and Features action-incitory features, Extensibility of Demurrage Concept and Features limitations of, Demurrage Currencies: Potentially Incitory and Redistributable digital art, Digital Art: Blockchain Attestation Services (Notary, Intellectual Property Protection)-Personal Thinking Blockchains (see also blockchain attestation services) hashing and timestamping, Hashing Plus Timestamping-Limitations online graphics protection, Monegraph: Online Graphics Protection digital cryptography, Ethereum: Turing-Complete Virtual Machine, Public/Private-Key Cryptography 101 digital divide, defining, Digital Divide of Bitcoin digital identity verification, Blockchain 2.0: Contracts, Smart Property, Wallet Development Projects, Digital Identity Verification-Digital Divide of Bitcoin, Limitations, Decentralized Governance Services, Liquid Democracy and Random-Sample Elections, Blockchain Learning: Bitcoin MOOCs and Smart Contract Literacy, Privacy Challenges for Personal Records dispute resolution, PrecedentCoin: Blockchain Dispute Resolution DIYweathermodeling, Community Supercomputing DNAnexus, Genomecoin, GenomicResearchcoin Dogecoin, Technology Stack: Blockchain, Protocol, Currency, Currency Multiplicity: Monetary and Nonmonetary Currencies, Scandals and Public Perception DotP2P, Challenges and Other Decentralized DNS Services double-spend problem, The Double-Spend and Byzantine Generals’ Computing Problems DriveShare, DAOs and DACs dynamic redistribution of currency (see demurrage currency) E education (see learning and literacy) Electronic Freedom Foundation (EFF), Distributed Censorship-Resistant Organizational Models EMR (electronic medical record) system, EMRs on the Blockchain: Personal Health Record Storage Ethereum, Crowdfunding, Blockchain 2.0 Protocol Projects, Blockchain Ecosystem: Decentralized Storage, Communication, and Computation, Ethereum: Turing-Complete Virtual Machine-Counterparty Re-creates Ethereum’s Smart Contract Platform eWallet services, eWallet Services and Personal Cryptosecurity ExperimentalResultscoin, Blockchain Academic Publishing: Journalcoin F Fairlay, Bitcoin Prediction Markets fiat currency, Relation to Fiat Currency-Relation to Fiat Currency file serving, Blockchain Ecosystem: Decentralized Storage, Communication, and Computation, Ethereum: Turing-Complete Virtual Machine file storage, Blockchain Ecosystem: Decentralized Storage, Communication, and Computation financial services, Regulatory Status, Financial Services-Financial Services, Blockchain Technology Is a New and Highly Effective Model for Organizing Activity, Government Regulation Fitbit, Personal Thinking Blockchains, Blockchain Health Research Commons, Extensibility of Demurrage Concept and Features Florincoin, Freedom of Speech/Anti-Censorship Applications: Alexandria and Ostel Folding@Home, DAOs and DACs, Blockchain Science: Gridcoin, Foldingcoin, Community Supercomputing franculates, Blockchain Government freedom of speech, Namecoin: Decentralized Domain Name System, Freedom of Speech/Anti-Censorship Applications: Alexandria and Ostel (see also decentralized DNS system) Freicoin, Demurrage Currencies: Potentially Incitory and Redistributable fundraising (see crowdfunding) futarchy, Futarchy: Two-Step Democracy with Voting + Prediction Markets-Futarchy: Two-Step Democracy with Voting + Prediction Markets G GBIcoin, Demurrage Currencies: Potentially Incitory and Redistributable GBIs (Guaranteed Basic Income initiatives), Demurrage Currencies: Potentially Incitory and Redistributable Gems, Blockchain Development Platforms and APIs, Dapps Genecoin, Blockchain Genomics Genomecoin, Genomecoin, GenomicResearchcoin Genomic Data Commons, Genomecoin, GenomicResearchcoin genomic sequencing, Blockchain Genomics 2.0: Industrialized All-Human-Scale Sequencing Solution-Genomecoin, GenomicResearchcoin GenomicResearchcoin, Genomecoin, GenomicResearchcoin genomics, consumer, Blockchain Genomics-Genomecoin, GenomicResearchcoin Git, Blockchain Ecosystem: Decentralized Storage, Communication, and Computation GitHub, Blockchain Academic Publishing: Journalcoin, Currency Multiplicity: Monetary and Nonmonetary Currencies global public health, Global Public Health: Bitcoin for Contagious Disease Relief GoCoin, Financial Services GoToLunchcoin, Terminology and Concepts governance, Blockchain Government-Societal Maturity Impact of Blockchain Governance decentralized services, Decentralized Governance Services-Decentralized Governance Services dispute resolution, PrecedentCoin: Blockchain Dispute Resolution futarchy, Futarchy: Two-Step Democracy with Voting + Prediction Markets-Futarchy: Two-Step Democracy with Voting + Prediction Markets Liquid Democracy system, Liquid Democracy and Random-Sample Elections-Liquid Democracy and Random-Sample Elections personalized governance services, Blockchain Government random-sample elections, Random-Sample Elections societal maturity impact of blockchain governance, Societal Maturity Impact of Blockchain Governance government regulation, Regulatory Status, Government Regulation-Government Regulation Gridcoin, Blockchain Science: Gridcoin, Foldingcoin-Blockchain Science: Gridcoin, Foldingcoin H hashing, Hashing Plus Timestamping-Limitations, Batched Notary Chains as a Class of Blockchain Infrastructure, Technical Challenges Hayek, Friedrich, Communitycoin: Hayek’s Private Currencies Vie for Attention, Demurrage Currencies: Potentially Incitory and Redistributable, Conclusion, The Blockchain Is an Information Technology health, Blockchain Health-Virus Bank, Seed Vault Backup as demurrage currency, Extensibility of Demurrage Concept and Features doctor vendor RFP services, Doctor Vendor RFP Services and Assurance Contracts health notary services, Blockchain Health Notary health research commons , Blockchain Health Research Commons health spending, Healthcoin healthcare decision making and advocacy, Liquid Democracy and Random-Sample Elections personal health record storage, EMRs on the Blockchain: Personal Health Record Storage virus bank and seed vault backup, Virus Bank, Seed Vault Backup Healthcoin, Healthcoin, Demurrage Currencies: Potentially Incitory and Redistributable I identity authentication, eWallet Services and Personal Cryptosecurity, Blockchain 2.0: Contracts, Smart Property, Smart Property, Wallet Development Projects, Digital Identity Verification-Digital Divide of Bitcoin, Limitations, Decentralized Governance Services, Liquid Democracy and Random-Sample Elections, Blockchain Learning: Bitcoin MOOCs and Smart Contract Literacy, Privacy Challenges for Personal Records Indiegogo, Crowdfunding, Dapps industry scandals, Scandals and Public Perception infrastructure needs and issues, Technical Challenges inheritance gifts, Smart Contracts intellectual property, Monegraph: Online Graphics Protection (see also digital art) Internet administration, Distributed Censorship-Resistant Organizational Models Internet Archive, Blockchain Ecosystem: Decentralized Storage, Communication, and Computation, Personal Thinking Blockchains Internet censorship prevention (see Decentralized DNS system) Intuit Quickbooks, Merchant Acceptance of Bitcoin IP protection, Hashing Plus Timestamping IPFS project, Blockchain Ecosystem: Decentralized Storage, Communication, and Computation J Johnston, David, Blockchain Technology Could Be Used in the Administration of All Quanta Journalcoin, Blockchain Academic Publishing: Journalcoin Judobaby, Crowdfunding justice applications for censorship-resistant organizational models, Distributed Censorship-Resistant Organizational Models-Distributed Censorship-Resistant Organizational Models digital art, Digital Art: Blockchain Attestation Services (Notary, Intellectual Property Protection)-Personal Thinking Blockchains (see also digital art, blockchain attestation services) digital identity verification, Blockchain 2.0: Contracts, Smart Property, Wallet Development Projects, Digital Identity Verification-Digital Divide of Bitcoin, Limitations, Decentralized Governance Services, Liquid Democracy and Random-Sample Elections, Blockchain Learning: Bitcoin MOOCs and Smart Contract Literacy, Privacy Challenges for Personal Records freedom of speech/anti-censorship, Freedom of Speech/Anti-Censorship Applications: Alexandria and Ostel governance, Blockchain Government-Societal Maturity Impact of Blockchain Governance (see also governance) Namecoin, Namecoin: Decentralized Domain Name System-Decentralized DNS Functionality Beyond Free Speech: Digital Identity, Monegraph: Online Graphics Protection (see also decentralized DNS) K Kickstarter, Crowdfunding, Community Supercomputing Kipochi, Blockchain Neutrality, Global Public Health: Bitcoin for Contagious Disease Relief, Blockchain Learning: Bitcoin MOOCs and Smart Contract Literacy Koinify, Crowdfunding, Dapps Kraken, Financial Services L latency, Blockchain 2.0 Protocol Projects, Technical Challenges, Technical Challenges, Scandals and Public Perception LaZooz, Dapps, Campuscoin, Extensibility of Demurrage Concept and Features Learncoin, Learncoin learning and literacy, Blockchain Learning: Bitcoin MOOCs and Smart Contract Literacy-Learning Contract Exchanges learning contract exchanges, Learning Contract Exchanges Ledra Capital, Blockchain 2.0: Contracts, Ledra Capital Mega Master Blockchain List legal implications crowdfunding, Crowdfunding smart contracts, Smart Contracts lending, trustless, Smart Property Lighthouse, Crowdfunding limitations, Limitations-Overall: Decentralization Trends Likely to Persist business model challenges, Business Model Challenges government regulation, Government Regulation-Government Regulation personal records privacy challenges, Privacy Challenges for Personal Records scandals and public perception, Scandals and Public Perception-Scandals and Public Perception technical challenges, Technical Challenges-Technical Challenges Liquid Democracy system, Liquid Democracy and Random-Sample Elections-Liquid Democracy and Random-Sample Elections Litecoin, Technology Stack: Blockchain, Protocol, Currency, Technology Stack: Blockchain, Protocol, Currency, Freedom of Speech/Anti-Censorship Applications: Alexandria and Ostel, Currency Multiplicity: Monetary and Nonmonetary Currencies, Technical Challenges literacy (see learning and literacy) LTBcoin, Wallet Development Projects, Currency, Token, Tokenizing M M2M/IoT infrastructure, M2M/IoT Bitcoin Payment Network to Enable the Machine Economy, Blockchain Development Platforms and APIs, Blockchain Academic Publishing: Journalcoin-The Blockchain Is Not for Every Situation, The Blockchain Is an Information Technology Maidsafe, Blockchain Ecosystem: Decentralized Storage, Communication, and Computation, Technical Challenges Manna, Crowdfunding marriage, blockchain recorded, Decentralized Governance Services Mastercoin, Blockchain 2.0 Protocol Projects mechanics of cryptocurrencies, How a Cryptocurrency Works Medici, Financial Services mega master blockchain list, Ledra Capital Mega Master Blockchain List-Ledra Capital Mega Master Blockchain List Melotic, Crowdfunding, Wallet Development Projects merchant acceptance, Merchant Acceptance of Bitcoin merchant payment fees, Summary: Blockchain 1.0 in Practical Use messaging, Ethereum: Turing-Complete Virtual Machine, Dapps, Challenges and Other Decentralized DNS Services, Technical Challenges MetaDisk, DAOs and DACs mindfiles, Personal Thinking Blockchains MIT Bitcoin Project, Campuscoin Monegraph, Monegraph: Online Graphics Protection money (see currency) MOOCs (massive open online courses), Blockchain Learning: Bitcoin MOOCs and Smart Contract Literacy Moroz, Tatiana, Communitycoin: Hayek’s Private Currencies Vie for Attention multicurrency systems, Demurrage Currencies: Potentially Incitory and Redistributable N Nakamoto, Satoshi, Blockchain 2.0: Contracts, Blockchain 2.0: Contracts Namecoin, Namecoin: Decentralized Domain Name System-Decentralized DNS Functionality Beyond Free Speech: Digital Identity, Monegraph: Online Graphics Protection Nationcoin, Coin Drops as a Strategy for Public Adoption, Demurrage Currencies: Potentially Incitory and Redistributable notary chains, Batched Notary Chains as a Class of Blockchain Infrastructure notary services, Hashing Plus Timestamping, Blockchain Health Notary NSA surveillance, Freedom of Speech/Anti-Censorship Applications: Alexandria and Ostel NXT, Technology Stack: Blockchain, Protocol, Currency, Blockchain 2.0 Protocol Projects O offline wallets, Technical Challenges OneName, Digital Identity Verification-Digital Identity Verification OneWallet, Wallet Development Projects online graphics protection, Monegraph: Online Graphics Protection-Monegraph: Online Graphics Protection Open Assets, Blockchain 2.0 Protocol Projects Open Transactions, Blockchain 2.0 Protocol Projects OpenBazaar, Dapps, Government Regulation Ostel, Freedom of Speech/Anti-Censorship Applications: Alexandria and Ostel P passports, Decentralized Governance Services PayPal, The Double-Spend and Byzantine Generals’ Computing Problems, Financial Services, Distributed Censorship-Resistant Organizational Models peer-to-peer lending, Financial Services Peercoin, Technology Stack: Blockchain, Protocol, Currency personal cryptosecurity, eWallet Services and Personal Cryptosecurity personal data rights, Blockchain Genomics personal mindfile blockchains, Personal Thinking Blockchains personal thinking chains, Personal Thinking Blockchains-Personal Thinking Blockchains physical asset keys, Blockchain 2.0: Contracts, Smart Property plagiarism detection/avoidance, Blockchain Academic Publishing: Journalcoin Precedent, PrecedentCoin: Blockchain Dispute Resolution, Terminology and Concepts prediction markets, Bitcoin Prediction Markets, DASs and Self-Bootstrapped Organizations, Decentralized Governance Services, Futarchy: Two-Step Democracy with Voting + Prediction Markets-Futarchy: Two-Step Democracy with Voting + Prediction Markets Predictious, Bitcoin Prediction Markets predictive task automation, Blockchain Layer Could Facilitate Big Data’s Predictive Task Automation privacy challenges, Privacy Challenges for Personal Records private key, eWallet Services and Personal Cryptosecurity Proof of Existence, Proof of Existence-Proof of Existence proof of stake, Blockchain 2.0 Protocol Projects, PrecedentCoin: Blockchain Dispute Resolution, Technical Challenges proof of work, PrecedentCoin: Blockchain Dispute Resolution, Technical Challenges-Technical Challenges property ownership, Smart Property property registration, Decentralized Governance Services public documents registries, Decentralized Governance Services public health, Blockchain Ecosystem: Decentralized Storage, Communication, and Computation, Global Public Health: Bitcoin for Contagious Disease Relief public perception, Scandals and Public Perception-Scandals and Public Perception public/private key cryptography, Public/Private-Key Cryptography 101-Public/Private-Key Cryptography 101 publishing, academic, Blockchain Academic Publishing: Journalcoin-Blockchain Academic Publishing: Journalcoin pull technology, eWallet Services and Personal Cryptosecurity push technology, eWallet Services and Personal Cryptosecurity R random-sample elections, Random-Sample Elections Realcoin, Relation to Fiat Currency redistribution of currency (see demurrage currency) regulation, Government Regulation-Government Regulation regulatory status, Regulatory Status reputation vouching, Ethereum: Turing-Complete Virtual Machine Researchcoin, Blockchain Academic Publishing: Journalcoin REST APIs, Technical Challenges Ripple, Technology Stack: Blockchain, Protocol, Currency, Relation to Fiat Currency, Blockchain 2.0 Protocol Projects Ripple Labs, Financial Services Roadcoin, Blockchain Government S Saldo.mx, Blockchain Neutrality scandals, Scandals and Public Perception science, Blockchain Science: Gridcoin, Foldingcoin-Charity Donations and the Blockchain—Sean’s Outpost community supercomputing, Community Supercomputing global public health, Global Public Health: Bitcoin for Contagious Disease Relief Sean's Outpost, Charity Donations and the Blockchain—Sean’s Outpost secret messaging, Ethereum: Turing-Complete Virtual Machine security issues, Technical Challenges self-bootstrapped organizations, DASs and Self-Bootstrapped Organizations self-directing assets, Automatic Markets and Tradenets self-enforced code, Smart Property self-sufficiency, Smart Contracts SETI@home, Blockchain Science: Gridcoin, Foldingcoin, Community Supercomputing size and bandwidth, Technical Challenges smart contracts, Smart Contracts-Smart Contracts, Smart Contract Advocates on Behalf of Digital Intelligence automatic markets and tradenets, Automatic Markets and Tradenets Counterparty, Counterparty Re-creates Ethereum’s Smart Contract Platform DAOs/DACs, DAOs and DACs-DAOs and DACs Dapps, Dapps-Dapps DASs, DASs and Self-Bootstrapped Organizations Ethereum, Ethereum: Turing-Complete Virtual Machine increasingly autonomous, Dapps, DAOs, DACs, and DASs: Increasingly Autonomous Smart Contracts-Automatic Markets and Tradenets smart literacy contracts, Blockchain Learning: Bitcoin MOOCs and Smart Contract Literacy-Learning Contract Exchanges smart property, Smart Property-Smart Property, Monegraph: Online Graphics Protection smartwatch, Extensibility of Demurrage Concept and Features Snowden, Edward, Distributed Censorship-Resistant Organizational Models social contracts, Smart Contracts social network currencies, Currency Multiplicity: Monetary and Nonmonetary Currencies Stellar, Blockchain Development Platforms and APIs stock market, Financial Services Storj, Blockchain Ecosystem: Decentralized Storage, Communication, and Computation, Dapps, Technical Challenges Stripe, Blockchain Development Platforms and APIs supercomputing, Community Supercomputing Svalbard Global Seed Vault, Virus Bank, Seed Vault Backup Swancoin, Smart Property swaps exchange, Financial Services Swarm, Crowdfunding, Dapps Swarm (Ethereum), Ethereum: Turing-Complete Virtual Machine Swarmops, Crowdfunding T Tatianacoin, Communitycoin: Hayek’s Private Currencies Vie for Attention technical challenges, Technical Challenges-Technical Challenges Tendermint, Technical Challenges Tera Exchange, Financial Services terminology, Terminology and Concepts-Terminology and Concepts 37Coins, Global Public Health: Bitcoin for Contagious Disease Relief throughput, Technical Challenges timestamping, Hashing Plus Timestamping-Limitations titling, Decentralized Governance Services tradenets, Automatic Markets and Tradenets transaction fees, Summary: Blockchain 1.0 in Practical Use Tribecoin, Coin Drops as a Strategy for Public Adoption trustless lending, Smart Property Truthcoin, Futarchy: Two-Step Democracy with Voting + Prediction Markets Turing completeness, Ethereum: Turing-Complete Virtual Machine Twister, Dapps Twitter, Monegraph: Online Graphics Protection U Uber, Government Regulation unbanked/underbanked markets, Blockchain Neutrality usability issues, Technical Challenges V value chain composition, How a Cryptocurrency Works versioning issues, Technical Challenges Virtual Notary, Virtual Notary, Bitnotar, and Chronobit voting and prediction, Futarchy: Two-Step Democracy with Voting + Prediction Markets-Futarchy: Two-Step Democracy with Voting + Prediction Markets W wallet APIs, Blockchain Development Platforms and APIs wallet companies, Wallet Development Projects wallet software, How a Cryptocurrency Works wasted resources, Technical Challenges Wayback Machine, Blockchain Ecosystem: Decentralized Storage, Communication, and Computation Wedbush Securities, Financial Services Whatevercoin, Terminology and Concepts WikiLeaks, Distributed Censorship-Resistant Organizational Models Wikinomics, Community Supercomputing World Citizen project, Decentralized Governance Services X Xapo, eWallet Services and Personal Cryptosecurity Z Zennet Supercomputer, Community Supercomputing Zooko's Triangle, Decentralized DNS Functionality Beyond Free Speech: Digital Identity About the Author Melanie Swan is the Founder of the Institute for Blockchain Studies and a Contemporary Philosophy MA candidate at Kingston University London and Université Paris VIII.

Interlibrary Loan Practices Handbook by Cherie L. Weible, Karen L. Janke

Firefox, information retrieval, Internet Archive, late fees, machine readable, Multics, optical character recognition, pull request, QR code, transaction costs, Wayback Machine, Works Progress Administration

The content of the repository is searchable, and the full-text of public domain items is freely available on the Internet. Though originally a collaboration between the thirteen member universities of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC) and the University of California system, membership in the HathiTrust is open to all. The Internet Archive hosts the Wayback Machine, an archive of the World Wide Web. It is also home to extensive archives of moving images, audio, software, educational resources, and text. In addition to housing public domain documents, the Text Archive contains a collection of open access documents, many of which are licensed using Creative Commons licenses.

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See patron-initiated requests U.S. Interlibrary Loan Code, 71 user status, statistics on, 77 user studies, 76, 82 V verification of requests for international publications, 102 procedures, 22–23, 23 (tab.), 40–41 search engines as, 111 training on, 83–84 vouchers for international lending, 14, 30, 46, 75 W Wayback Machine digital archive, 103 Web Circulation (ILLiad), 95 web-based finding aids, 102–104 weeding of collection and cooperative collection development, 117 Western Library Network (WLN), 9 wikis as communication tools, 105–106 Williams and Wilkins C. v. U.S., 11 workflow changes in, 117 and changing supply options, 114 and staffing options, 84 See also borrowing workflow; lending workflow WorldCat Registry, 38 WorldCat Resource Sharing (WCRS) network charges for requests in, 45 Custom Holdings process (WCRS), 24, 80, 94 deflections of requests in, 38–39 history, 10, 13 “not licensed to fill” category, 41 OCLC Direct Request, 24, 81, 94, 95 overview, 94 Reasons for No (RFN) report, 41 (fig.), 79, 86 as source of lenders, 20, 24 status updates in, 45 Z Z39.50 standard, 10 13 131 You may also be interested in Moving Materials Physical Delivery in Libraries Edited by Valerie Horton and Bruce Smith In this guide to contemporary logistics management for libraries, eleven experts in the field explore every aspect of this multimillion dollar function.

Think Like a Freak by Steven D. Levitt, Stephen J. Dubner

Albert Einstein, Anton Chekhov, autonomous vehicles, Barry Marshall: ulcers, behavioural economics, call centre, carbon credits, Cass Sunstein, colonial rule, Donald Shoup, driverless car, Edward Glaeser, Everything should be made as simple as possible, fail fast, food miles, gamification, Gary Taubes, Helicobacter pylori, income inequality, information security, Internet Archive, Isaac Newton, medical residency, Metcalfe’s law, microbiome, prediction markets, randomized controlled trial, Richard Thaler, Scramble for Africa, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, sunk-cost fallacy, Tony Hsieh, transatlantic slave trade, Wayback Machine, éminence grise

For economic predictions, see Jerker Denrell and Christina Fang, “Predicting the Next Big Thing: Success as a Signal of Poor Judgment,” Management Science 56, no. 10 (2010); for NFL predictions, see Christopher Avery and Judith Chevalier, “Identifying Investor Sentiment From Price Paths: The Case of Football Betting,” Journal of Business 72, no. 4 (1999). / 24 A similar study by a firm called CXO Advisory Group: See “Guru Grades,” CXO Advisory Group / 25 Smart people love to make smart-sounding predictions: See Paul Krugman, “Why Most Economists’ Predictions Are Wrong,” Red Herring, June 1998. (Thanks to the Internet Archive Wayback Machine.) / 26 More than the GDP of all but eighteen countries: market caps of Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple are based on stock prices as of February 11, 2014; the eighteen countries are: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, South Korea, Spain, the Netherlands, the U.K., the U.S., and Turkey (see CIA World Factbook). 27 WE DON’T EVEN KNOW OURSELVES ALL THAT WELL: See Clayton R.

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McFadden, “Harold Camping, Dogged Forecaster of the End of the World, Dies at 92,” New York Times, December 17, 2013; Dan Amira, “A Conversation with Harold Camping, Prophesier of Judgment Day,” Daily Intelligencer blog, New York Magazine, May 11, 2011; Harold Camping, “We Are Almost There!,” Familyradio.com. (Thanks to the Internet Archive Wayback Machine.) 30 ROMANIAN WITCHES: See Stephen J. Dubner, “The Folly of Prediction,” Freakonomics Radio, September 14, 2011; “Witches Threaten Romanian Taxman After New Labor Law,” BBC, January 6, 2011; Alison Mutler, “Romania’s Witches May Be Fined If Predictions Don’t Come True,” Associated Press, February 8, 2011. 32 SHIP’S COMPASSES AND METAL INTERFERENCE: See A.

The Data Journalism Handbook by Jonathan Gray, Lucy Chambers, Liliana Bounegru

Amazon Web Services, barriers to entry, bioinformatics, business intelligence, carbon footprint, citizen journalism, correlation does not imply causation, crowdsourcing, data science, David Heinemeier Hansson, eurozone crisis, fail fast, Firefox, Florence Nightingale: pie chart, game design, Google Earth, Hans Rosling, high-speed rail, information asymmetry, Internet Archive, John Snow's cholera map, Julian Assange, linked data, machine readable, moral hazard, MVC pattern, New Journalism, openstreetmap, Ronald Reagan, Ruby on Rails, Silicon Valley, social graph, Solyndra, SPARQL, text mining, Wayback Machine, web application, WikiLeaks

If that has trouble loading, you can switch over to the more primitive text-only page by clicking another link at the top of the full cache page. You’ll want to take a screenshot or copy-paste any relevant content you do find, since it may be invalidated at any time by a subsequent crawl. The Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine If you need to know how a particular page has changed over a longer time period, like months or years, the Internet Archive runs a service called The Wayback Machine that periodically takes snapshots of the most popular pages on the web. You go to the site, enter the link you want to research, and if it has any copies, it will show you a calendar so you can pick the time you’d like to examine.

Time Travel: A History by James Gleick

Ada Lovelace, Albert Einstein, Albert Michelson, Arthur Eddington, augmented reality, butterfly effect, Charles Babbage, crowdsourcing, Doomsday Book, Eddington experiment, index card, Isaac Newton, John von Neumann, luminiferous ether, Marshall McLuhan, Norbert Wiener, pattern recognition, Plato's cave, pneumatic tube, Richard Feynman, Schrödinger's Cat, self-driving car, Stephen Fry, Stephen Hawking, telepresence, The future is already here, time dilation, Wayback Machine, wikimedia commons

By 1960 Rocky and His Friends was sending the dog Mr. Peabody and his adopted boy, Sherman, through the WABAC Machine to straighten out William Tell and Calamity Jane, and the next year Donald Duck made his first trip into prehistory, to invent the wheel. “Wayback Machine” became a thing, so a sitcom character says, “Dave, don’t mess with a man with a Wayback Machine—I can make it so you were never born.” Credit 2.1 Children learn about “time whirlwinds” and “time-travel stones.” Homer Simpson accidentally turns a toaster into a time machine. No explanation is necessary. We’ve outgrown the need for professors expounding on the fourth dimension.

Dark Matters: On the Surveillance of Blackness by Simone Browne

4chan, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, airport security, autonomous vehicles, bitcoin, British Empire, cloud computing, colonial rule, computer vision, crowdsourcing, dark matter, disinformation, Edward Snowden, European colonialism, ghettoisation, Google Glasses, Internet Archive, job satisfaction, lifelogging, machine readable, mass incarceration, obamacare, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, pattern recognition, r/findbostonbombers, Scientific racism, security theater, sexual politics, transatlantic slave trade, urban renewal, US Airways Flight 1549, W. E. B. Du Bois, Wayback Machine, Works Progress Administration

“About TSA: Mission and Core Values,” Transportation Security Administration, accessed June 20, 2014, http://www.tsa.gov/about-tsa/mission-vision-and-core-values. 68. TSA 2004 Organizational Assessment Survey, accessed through a FOIA request by the Project on Government Oversight, accessed June 20, 2014, http://pogo.org/m/hsp/hsp-tsa-screeners-2004.pdf (accessed through Wayback Machine Internet Archive). 69. Thomas Frank, “Airport Screeners’ Injury Rate Declines but Still Exceeds Rates of Other Workers,” USA Today, December 12, 2006, http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-12-12-tsa-injuries_x.htm. 70. Bennett, “Unsafe at Any Altitude,” 66. 71. Ibid. 72. Ibid., 67. 73.

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International Treaties and Related Records, 1778–1974. General Records of the United States Government, Record Group 11, National Archives, Washington, DC. “TSA 2004 Organizational Assessment Survey.” Accessed through a FOIA request by the Project on Government Oversight. http://pogo.org/m/hsp/hsp-tsa-screeners-2004.pdf (accessed through Wayback Machine Internet Archive). “20818 Human Provenance Pilot Project.” Gov.UK, May 3, 2012. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/20818-human-provenance-pilot-project. U.S. Customs Services. “Better Targeting of Airline Passengers for Personal Searches Could Produce Better Results.” Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office, 2000. http://www.gao.gov/products/GGD-00-38.

Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy by Lawrence Lessig

Aaron Swartz, Amazon Web Services, Andrew Keen, Benjamin Mako Hill, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Brewster Kahle, carbon tax, Cass Sunstein, collaborative editing, commoditize, disintermediation, don't be evil, Erik Brynjolfsson, folksonomy, Free Software Foundation, Internet Archive, invisible hand, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, John Perry Barlow, Joi Ito, Kevin Kelly, Larry Wall, late fees, Mark Shuttleworth, Netflix Prize, Network effects, new economy, optical character recognition, PageRank, peer-to-peer, recommendation engine, revision control, Richard Stallman, Ronald Coase, Saturday Night Live, search costs, SETI@home, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Skype, slashdot, Steve Jobs, the long tail, The Nature of the Firm, thinkpad, transaction costs, VA Linux, Wayback Machine, yellow journalism, Yochai Benkler

A year later, more than 4 million were listed.8 Today there are more than 100 million blogs worldwide, with more than 15 added in the time it took you to read this sentence. According to Technorati, Japanese is now the number one blogging language. And Farsi has just entered the top ten.9 When blogs began (and you can still see these early blogs using Brewster Kahle’s “Wayback machine” at archive.org), while they expressed RW creativity (since the norm for this form of writing encouraged heavy linking and citation), their RW character was 80706 i-xxiv 001-328 r4nk.indd 58 8/12/08 1:54:49 AM R W, R E V I V ED 59 limited. Many were little more than a public diary: people (and some very weird people) posting their thoughts into an apparently empty void.

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National Virtual Observatory, 171 U2, 13, 75 Valenti, Jack, xvii–xviii values, 84–88 Vander Wal, Thomas, 59 Vantongerloo, Zarf, 216–17 VCRs and videocassettes, xxi, 2, 30, 37, 38, 45, 102, 122–23 Viacom, 2 video(s), 42, 69, 103 access to, 44 home, 55, 69, 88 YouTube and, see YouTube videos, music, 68 anime, 77–78, 79, 80 Virginia Tech massacre, 160, 161 VisiCalc, 132 Voice Over IP (VOIP), 153, 154 Von Hippel, Eric, 25, 141, 173, 228–30, 231 Wales, Jimmy, 156–62, 204–5 Wall, Larry, 164 Wall Street Journal, 129–30, 260, 265 Wal-Mart, 124 Walzer, Michael, 147 war, xiii–xv, 287 Warner Bros., 206–12, 245, 258–59 Wayback Machine, 58 Wealth of Nations, The (Smith), 49–50 Wealth of Networks, The (Benkler), 50 Web 2.0, 139, 140 Weber, Steven, 174–75 Well, the, 213 8/12/08 1:56:33 AM IND E X White Cube, 5–6, 8, 9–11 “Who Passes Up the Free Lunch,” 284–87 Wikia, 203–5, 213 wikinomics, 221 Wikinomics (Tapscott and Williams), 138 Wikipedia, 90, 155–62, 175–76, 185, 186, 190, 195, 203–4, 291 wikis, 156 Wilco, 150 Williams, Anthony, 60, 138, 159, 212, 221, 233, 234 Williams, Evan, 134 Wired, 59, 129, 156, 164 World of Warcraft, 218–19 World Wide Web, 58, 221 see also Internet 80706 i-xxiv 001-328 r4nk.indd 327 327 writing, 52–53, 54, 57–68, 69, 86–87, 93, 106, 107–8, 274–75 quoting in, 51–53, 54, 55, 69, 82, 107 Xerox, 102 Yahoo!

Ajax: The Definitive Guide by Anthony T. Holdener

AltaVista, Amazon Web Services, business logic, business process, centre right, Citizen Lab, Colossal Cave Adventure, create, read, update, delete, database schema, David Heinemeier Hansson, en.wikipedia.org, Firefox, full text search, game design, general-purpose programming language, Guido van Rossum, information retrieval, loose coupling, machine readable, MVC pattern, Necker cube, p-value, Ruby on Rails, SimCity, slashdot, social bookmarking, sorting algorithm, SQL injection, Wayback Machine, web application

MapQuest was Web Page Components | 5 launched on February 5, 1996, delivering maps and directions based on user-defined search queries. It has been the primary source for directions and maps on the Web for millions of people ever since (well, until Google, at least). Figure 1-1. MapQuest’s home page in 2000, according to The Wayback Machine (http://www. archive.org/) As MapQuest evolved, it began to offer more services than just maps and driving directions. By 2000, it offered traffic reports, travel guides, and Yellow and White Pages as well. How did it deliver all of these services? The same way all other Internet sites did at the time: click on a link or search button, and you were taken to a new page that had to be completely redrawn.

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Poor focus When a web site or web application is dedicated to showcasing a single item, it needs to make sure it succeeds at that task. A site is poorly designed if it has no focus or provides no information. Such sites are generally trying to look “cool” without providing what is helpful—information. A good example of a site with no focus appears in Figure 6-2, which shows Amp’s main page in 2006, found on the Wayback Machine at http://web.archive.org/web/ 20060616160639/http://www.1amp.com/. Figure 6-2. Amp’s main page, which didn’t tell a visitor much of anything What is Amp? What does “Experienced Passion” mean? Is the site’s focus the white background that constitutes the entire page except for the navigation bar?

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The end user will never know how the content ended up on the page, as it acts in the same way functionally as it would using an <iframe> element. Figure 9-4 shows how a page might look if it had one <div> element on top of another <div> element, in this case a PNG image of a jungle overlaying a site I resurrected specifically for this chapter: Cyber-Safari Internet Cafe (found on the Wayback Machine at http://www.archive.org/web/web.php). You can achieve the same effect using <iframe> elements; however, the Ajax technique makes for easy manipulation from within one DOM document. Disregarding the slight hiccups involved in importing documents into existing documents, placing content into a <div> element using Ajax is straightforward and simple to do.

The Great Post Office Scandal: The Fight to Expose a Multimillion Pound Scandal Which Put Innocent People in Jail by Nick Wallis

Asperger Syndrome, Boeing 737 MAX, Boris Johnson, British Empire, business process, call centre, cognitive dissonance, coronavirus, corporate governance, COVID-19, Dominic Cummings, forensic accounting, Internet Archive, Kickstarter, lockdown, paper trading, social distancing, Wayback Machine, work culture

Post Office corporate site – corporate.postoffice.co.uk – which archives statements and press releases. Information can suddenly disappear or change, so it’s worth exporting and saving pages with interesting information on them. Wayback Machine – web.archive.org – a bot which crawls the internet, archiving pages as it goes. If you put any active or inactive link into the wayback machine’s search box, it will bring up a calendar showing the number of times it has visited and archived the page, allowing you to read pages which have been taken down and see how information on live pages has been altered. Computer Weekly – computerweekly.com – the original 2009 investigation is still available, as is a comprehensive and regularly updated timeline, documenting each twist and turn of the story.

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Within three months, Second Sight were on the scene. ____________________ 1 The top in-house lawyer in any company. 2 Taken from a Faith in Business profile of Paula Vennells which reviews her speech to the 2017 Faith in Business Conference at Ridley Hall. The page was mysteriously deleted in 2020, but you can still find it on the excellent Wayback Machine website. 3 This was a substantial shift in position from the public statement given to the BBC, just 15 months previously, which asserted Horizon’s ‘absolute’ accuracy and reliability. SECOND SIGHT GET HIRED The process for appointing Second Sight as investigators was unusual. They were not exactly household names.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution by Klaus Schwab

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, additive manufacturing, Airbnb, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Amazon Web Services, Anthropocene, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, Baxter: Rethink Robotics, bitcoin, blockchain, Buckminster Fuller, call centre, circular economy, clean water, collaborative consumption, commoditize, conceptual framework, continuous integration, CRISPR, cross-border payments, crowdsourcing, digital divide, digital twin, disintermediation, disruptive innovation, distributed ledger, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, epigenetics, Erik Brynjolfsson, future of work, global value chain, Google Glasses, hype cycle, income inequality, Internet Archive, Internet of things, invention of the steam engine, job automation, job satisfaction, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, life extension, Lyft, Marc Benioff, mass immigration, megacity, meta-analysis, more computing power than Apollo, mutually assured destruction, Narrative Science, Network effects, Nicholas Carr, nuclear taboo, OpenAI, personalized medicine, precariat, precision agriculture, Productivity paradox, race to the bottom, randomized controlled trial, reshoring, RFID, rising living standards, Sam Altman, Second Machine Age, secular stagnation, self-driving car, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, smart cities, smart contracts, social contagion, software as a service, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stuxnet, supercomputer in your pocket, synthetic biology, TaskRabbit, The Future of Employment, The Spirit Level, total factor productivity, transaction costs, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, Wayback Machine, WikiLeaks, winner-take-all economy, women in the workforce, working-age population, Y Combinator, Zipcar

http://pages.experts-exchange.com/processing-power-compared/ 88 “A history of storage costs”, mkomo.com, 8 September 2009 http://www.mkomo.com/cost-per-gigabyte According to the website, data was retrieved from Historical Notes about the Cost of Hard Drive Storage Space (http://ns1758.ca/winch/winchest.html). Data from 2004 to 2009 was retrieved using Internet Archive Wayback Machine (http://archive.org/web/web.php). 89 Elana Rot, “How Much Data Will You Have in 3 Years?”, Sisense, 29 July 2015. http://www.sisense.com/blog/much-data-will-3-years/ 90 Moore’s Law generally states that processor speeds, or the overall number of transistors in a central processing unit, will double every two years. 91 Kevin Mayer, Keith Ellis and Ken Taylor, “Cattle Health Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks”, Proceedings of the Communication and Computer Networks Conference, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2004.

Common Knowledge?: An Ethnography of Wikipedia by Dariusz Jemielniak

Andrew Keen, barriers to entry, Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL), citation needed, collaborative consumption, collaborative editing, commons-based peer production, conceptual framework, continuous integration, crowdsourcing, Debian, deskilling, digital Maoism, disinformation, en.wikipedia.org, Filter Bubble, Free Software Foundation, Gabriella Coleman, Google Glasses, Guido van Rossum, Hacker Ethic, hive mind, Internet Archive, invisible hand, Jaron Lanier, jimmy wales, job satisfaction, Julian Assange, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, Menlo Park, moral hazard, online collectivism, pirate software, RFC: Request For Comment, Richard Stallman, selection bias, Silicon Valley, Skype, slashdot, social software, Stewart Brand, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, The Hackers Conference, The Nature of the Firm, the strength of weak ties, The Wisdom of Crowds, transaction costs, Wayback Machine, WikiLeaks, wikimedia commons, Wikivoyage, Yochai Benkler, zero-sum game

This analysis leads to a typology of conflicts on Wikipedia and pinpoints important differences between Wikipedia policies and the rules used by the Society of Friends and the Search Conference. Feel like Danzig: The Beginning The article on Gdańsk was written in the beginnings of Wikipedia, and the earliest edits of the article have not been preserved on Wikipedia servers. The Internet Archive Wayback Machine stores a copy of the article from November 9, 2001 (see “Gdansk,” 2001a). An old backup of Wikipedia discovered in 2010 by Tim Starling shows that the article on Gdansk was written in early May 2001, as one of the first ten thousand articles, and consisted of just two sentences: “Gdansk is a city in Poland, on the Baltic Sea.

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Ethnography online: “Natives” practising and inscribing community. Qualitative Research, 4(2), 179–200. Gauntlett, D. (2009). Case study: Wikipedia. In G. Creeber & R. Martin (Eds.), Digital cultures: Understanding New Media (pp. 41–45). Berkshire, England: Open University Press. Gdansk. (2001a, November 11). Internet Archive Wayback Machine. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20011111155718/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/ Gdansk Gdańsk. (2001b, November 19). Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/ index.php?title=Gda%C5%84sk&oldid=333254700 Gdańsk: Difference between revisions. (2002a, June 28). Wikipedia. Retrieved November 7, 2013, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?

Work Rules!: Insights From Inside Google That Will Transform How You Live and Lead by Laszlo Bock

Abraham Maslow, Abraham Wald, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, AltaVista, Atul Gawande, behavioural economics, Black Swan, book scanning, Burning Man, call centre, Cass Sunstein, Checklist Manifesto, choice architecture, citizen journalism, clean water, cognitive load, company town, correlation coefficient, crowdsourcing, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, deliberate practice, en.wikipedia.org, experimental subject, Fairchild Semiconductor, Frederick Winslow Taylor, future of work, Google Earth, Google Glasses, Google Hangouts, Google X / Alphabet X, Googley, helicopter parent, immigration reform, Internet Archive, Kevin Roose, longitudinal study, Menlo Park, mental accounting, meta-analysis, Moneyball by Michael Lewis explains big data, nudge unit, PageRank, Paul Buchheit, power law, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Rana Plaza, random walk, Richard Thaler, Rubik’s Cube, self-driving car, shareholder value, Sheryl Sandberg, side project, Silicon Valley, six sigma, statistical model, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Steven Pinker, survivorship bias, Susan Wojcicki, TaskRabbit, The Wisdom of Crowds, Tony Hsieh, Turing machine, Wayback Machine, winner-take-all economy, Y2K

Whether you are interested in recruiting from a single school, company, or professional or personal background, it’s straightforward to generate lists of hundreds or thousands of potential candidates. Even information that an individual may have put on the Internet and then deleted can sometimes still be found. The Wayback Machine, a service of the Internet Archive, regularly makes backups of more than 240 billion Web pages and has searchable records going back to 1996. We use the Wayback Machine only if we think it might help the candidate. For example, we had an applicant who had started a website in 2008 (great!) that had since been acquired (terrific!), but the current site had a heavily misogynistic tone (uh-oh) that was outside the bounds of even our expansive view of free speech.

Ultra-Processed People: The Science Behind Food That Isn't Food by Chris van Tulleken

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", biofilm, carbon footprint, clean water, Columbian Exchange, conceptual framework, cotton gin, COVID-19, delayed gratification, Donald Trump, food desert, Gary Taubes, George Floyd, global supply chain, Helicobacter pylori, Kinder Surprise, longitudinal study, luminiferous ether, meta-analysis, microbiome, NOVA classification, parabiotic, Peter Thiel, phenotype, profit motive, randomized controlled trial, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, Stanford marshmallow experiment, twin studies, ultra-processed food, Vanguard fund, Walter Mischel, Wayback Machine

People ate poorly, they did not eat healthy food. And so they got tooth cavities, and diseases of the stomach.’ By the time he said all this it was nearly dark. The boat was a trojan horse. Its purpose was not to supply food but to create a market. Once you’ve had ice cream and KitKats you can’t go back. * The Wayback Machine is an incredible resource – I make a monthly donation. It trawls through the internet and saves web pages on a regular basis, so that even if companies delete stuff it remains accessible. † In the seventeenth century, during the colonial era, taxes on everything extracted from the rainforest were collected here for the Portuguese Crown at the ‘Casa do Haver-o-peso’ – ‘the house to have the weight’.

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Smucker, 296 Johns Hopkins University, 90 Jones, Julie Miller, 65 Journal of the American Medical Association, 93 Judaism, 101 junk DNA, 2 juvenile arthritis, 214n Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, 69 Kantar Worldpanel, 129 Katzmarzyk, Peter, 122, 123, 133, 134 Kellogg’s, 30, 52, 205n, 254, 274, 275, 295, 299–300 Kelly’s ice cream, 280–81 Kennedy, Edward ‘Ted’, 289, 290 Kenny, Paul, 163 Kenya, 246 Keppler, Wilhelm, 70, 71 Kerry Group, 64–5, 178, 179, 295 keto diets, 109, 116 KFC, 37, 140–41, 243–6, 297 Kinder, 299 KitKat, 141, 237, 248, 249 Konigsberg, Moses, 21 Kraft, 21, 27n, 101n Kraut, Hans, 75 Kuhn, Richard, 72n labelling, 30–31, 35, 39, 63, 160, 179, 210, 272, 299 traffic light system, 30–31, 39, 63 lactase, 25 Lancashire neck, 42 Lancet, The, 45, 210, 291 Lansley, Andrew, 27n lasagne, 36, 39, 159–60 Latin American Nutrition and Health Study, 135 Lean Cuisine, 285 lecithin, 15, 211, 240 Leicester, Leicestershire, 139–40, 142–3 Leon, 264 leptin, 104, 137n, 160, 191 leukaemia, 45, 214n Liberia, 286 Libya, 25, 68–9, 74 Lieberman, Daniel, 175 Life on the Mississippi (Twain), 27n lignite, 69 Llewellyn, Clare, 138, 144, 177 locust bean gum, 15, 22 London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 134 Lopinavir, 228 Louis Dreyfus Company BV, 277 low-carb diets, 111–17 low-fat diets, 22–3, 110–16 Loyola University, 130 Luke, Amy, 130 lung cancer, 9, 45 Luxembourg, 209 M&S, 159, 264, 267, 302 MacKenzie, Paula, 297 Maffini, Maricel, 226, 229, 230, 231, 233, 235 magnesium, 85 Mali, 247, 286 malnutrition, 6, 8, 42, 191, 288–94 maltitol, 154 maltodextrins, 22, 36, 195, 200, 203, 208, 219–20 manganese, 85 mango kernel fat, 29 margarine, 26, 28n, 45 marketing, 6, 8, 9, 11, 39, 55, 58, 107–8 children and, 31, 39, 40n, 58, 140–41, 299 games, 140–41 Mars, 65, 275, 295 marshmallow experiment, 148–9 Mary Rose, 175 Mato Grosso, Brazil, 240, 263 matrix, 171 Mauritania, 286 Maxson Food Systems, 151 mayonnaise, 21, 23, 36 Mbuti people, 118 McCain Foods, 66 McCoy’s, 253 McDonald’s, 16, 37, 44, 101n, 140, 173, 176, 246, 298, 301 McEvedy, Allegra, 304 McMaster University, 53 McVitie’s, 251 meat production, 259–63 Medical Research Council, 59, 201 Mège-Mouriès, Hippolyte, 26 melting-point profiles, 24 Mennella, Julie, 186–7 mental illness, 216 Messak Mellet, Libya, 25 metabolic diseases, 216, 219, 227, 233 diabetes, 35, 62, 110, 198, 201–4, 216, 218, 220, 227, 241 metabolism, 54, 113, 116, 123, 126, 129, 203, 271 methyl folate, 192 Mexico, 65, 200, 268, 291 microbiome, 87–8, 155, 204, 213–21, 271, 289 micronutrients, 100, 190–92 Mignon Morceaux, 254 milk, 19, 24, 25, 46, 95, 189, 196, 214, 274 Milken Institute School of Public Health, 202 milkshakes, 22, 177, 217 Mills Group, 205n Mischel, Walter, 148–9 mitochondria, 82 Mohinani, Ashok, 247 molybdenum, 85 Mondelēz, 65, 66, 295 Monell Chemical Senses Centre, 186 monosodium glutamate (MSG), 163, 197, 246 Monroe, Jack, 304 Monteiro, Carlos, 32–4, 38, 40–60, 92, 106, 118, 125, 157, 238, 255, 288 Moon, 79 Morrisons, 151–2, 159 Motherland (Thompson), 245 Moubarac, Jean-Claude, 48 Mount Sinai Hospital Chicago, 93 New York, 153 MRI scans, 37, 160–62 Ms Molly’s Vanilla, 19 Muaná, Brazil, 241–2, 248, 265 Müller, 217 multivitamin supplements, 47 muscle proteins, 89n Najafi, Ibrahim, 279–81 Napoleon III, Emperor of the French, 26 National Diet and Nutrition Survey (UK), 126 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (US), 127 National Institute of Diabetes (US), 53 National Institutes of Health (US), 56, 201 National Toxicology Program (US), 232 Nature, 2, 204, 218 Nazi Germany (1933–45), 70–75 NBC News, 213 necrotising enterocolitis, 216 Neltner, Tom, 226, 228, 229, 230–31, 233, 235 Neolithic period, 259 Nestlé, 121, 141, 179, 202n, 267, 279, 284–90, 295–6, 298 baby formula, 236, 288–90, 292 Better Food Index and, 298 Brazil, 236–8, 241–3, 248, 289 health research, 285 research funding, 64, 65, 293 Netherlands, 140–41, 178, 191, 240 neuroimaging, 37, 160–62 Neurology, 62 New England Journal of Medicine, 115 New Internationalist, 289 New Testament, 101 New York Times, 46, 68, 101n, 237, 286 Newson, Sharon, 146–7, 148, 165 nicotine, see smoking NielsenIQ Brandbank, 40 Niger, 25, 286 Nigeria, 130, 246, 268, 286, 291 Nisa, 205n nitrates, 227 nitrogen, 85 Norgalax, 217 Normal Child, The (Brown), 93 Northeastern University, 189 Northwest Passage, 42 Norway, 17 NOVA system, 32–4, 47–8, 51, 56, 58–9, 63–6, 142, 158–60, 255, 294, 301–302 Novaes, Lizete, 242, 243 Nutella, 28, 258 Nutri-Grain bars, 274–5 Nutri-Score system, 63 Nutrient Profile Model (NPM), 40 NutriSource, 57 Nutrition Reviews, 47 Nutrition Science Initiative (NuSI), 112, 116 Nutrition Science Partners Limited, 285 nutritionism, 38–9 O’Rahilly, Stephen, 107 obesity; weight gain, 6–9, 32–7, 64, 100–108, 247 anti-fat bias, 6 BMI and, 50, 54, 138n, 242 definition, 50 diet experiments, see diet experiments disease, 7–9 energy density, 66, 176–7, 271, 301 environment and, 139–40, 142–4 exercise and, 122–36 genetics and, 126, 138, 144–5, 147, 148, 177 micronutrients and, 191 policymaking and, 294–302 poverty and, 9, 41–2, 45, 55, 60, 143, 144–5, 149, 233 regulation system, 102–8, 173 shame and, 147 speed of eating, 177–8 sugar and, 110–21 willpower and, 7–8, 137–50 obesogenic eating style, 177 Ocean Spray, 120 oestrogen, 132 Ofcom, 40n Ohio River, 212 oils, 5, 10, 15, 19, 26–9, 67 environmental impact of, 258–9 hydrogenation, 26–7, 33, 231, 246 RBD (Refined, Bleached & Deodorized), 28–9, 33, 258 oily fish, 47, 188–9 Olam International, 277 Old Testament, 101 Oleomargarine, 26 Oliver, Jamie, 264, 296–7, 298–9 Olney, Richard, 44 operationalisation, 38 Oracle Shopping Centre, Reading, 122 organophosphate pesticides, 227 ortho-phthalates, 227 Ostrowski, Matthew, 220 overbites, 174 Oxford University, 134 oxygen, 81, 82, 85 packaging, 52, 58, 264 labelling, 30–31, 35, 39, 63, 160, 179, 210, 264, 299 plastics, 155, 227, 267–8, 272 PAI, 279 palm fat, 29, 154 palm oil, 19, 28, 29, 258–9, 277 palm stearin, 19, 29 pancreas, 111, 194n pandemic diseases, 260 Panodan, 212 papillae, 194 Pará river, 238, 239, 241 parabiotic pairs, 103 paraffin, 70 Pastoral da Criança, 242 pectin, 87 pellagra, 42 PepsiCo, 54, 65, 101n, 120, 121, 202, 203, 205n, 267, 295–6 peptides, 105n perchlorate, 227 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), 227 Percival, Rob, 256–7 Perdue, George ‘Sonny’, 134 perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), 212–13 Persil, 70 pesticides, 227, 257, 263 phenylalanine, 188 Philippines, 268 phosphoric acid, 22, 28, 198 phosphorus, 85 phytochemicals, 191 pies, 22 piles, 157 pizza, 45 Pizza Hut, 27n, 140 plastics, 155, 227, 267–8, 272 Plowman, Robert, 276–9, 298 policymaking, 135, 294–302 Pollan, Michael, 46 polybrominated-diphenyl-ethers, 227 polyphenols, 189 polysorbates, 211, 217–18, 234 Pomar, Fruteira, 242 Pontzer, Herman, 129–32 porridge, 30 potassium, 85 potatoes, 21 poverty, 9, 41–2, 45, 55, 60, 143, 144–5, 149, 233 pregnancy, 186–7 Premier, 205n preservatives, 25, 36, 45, 88, 155, 174, 176, 208, 210, 271 Pret a Manger, 208, 264 Princeton University, 153 Pringles, 27, 193–4, 206, 250–53 probiotics, 16, 215n, 272 Procter & Gamble, 27, 28, 250–53 Prometheus Laboratories, 285 propionate, 88 propylene oxide, 22 proteins, 82, 85, 86, 89n isolates, 5, 154, 240, 261, 285 psoriasis, 90 Ptolemaic dynasty, 101 Public Health England, 205 Public Health Nutrition, 295 Putnam, Judith, 112 PVC, 212 pythons, 88 Quaker Oats, 65 Quarles, Joseph, 28n Quorn, 296 racism, 245 Ramo, Graciliano Silva, 248 rapeseed oil, 28 Rashford, Marcus, 142 Rauber, Fernanda, 155, 163, 165, 168 RBD (Refined, Bleached & Deodorized), 28–9, 33, 258 Reading, Berkshire, 122 ready meals, 151 Reagan, Ronald and Nancy, 151 Real Bread Campaign, 173, 208–9 reconstituted milks, 19 Red Bull, 52 regulation system, 102–8, 173 resting-state scans, 161 reverspective, 180 reward system, 153 Rexona, 217 ribonucleotides, 193–4 Rice Krispies, 119 rickets, 42, 94, 97–8 Ripplins, 254 risotto, 193–4, 206 Rixon, Eddie, 85–8, 92, 99, 215, 274, 298 Roadchef, 296 Rodinia, 83 Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 292 Russia, 186n saccharin, 90–91, 194n, 201 Sadler, Christina, 65–6 saffron, 188n sagebrush, 87 Sahara Desert, 25 Sainsbury’s, 158, 159–60, 264 salad dressings, 22, 24 Salmonella, 264 salt, 39, 109, 156 salty tastes, 195 San Cristobal, Mexico, 200 Sanofi, 73 São Tomé and Príncipe, 286 Schatzker, Mark, 187–92 Schlee, Clive, 208–9 Science in Society Journalism Award, 110 Scientific American, 90 Scrinis, Gorgy, 38 scurvy, 42 sea lions, 197 sedentary lifestyles, 108, 124n, 129–32 Sella, Andrea, 193–4, 206 Senegal, 286 Sensus, 178 shea fat, 29 Shell, 264, 298 Shingler, Suzi, 266 Short, Thomas, 101 Sierra Leone, 286 Silcock, Chris, 254 Sinclair, Hugh MacDonald, 45 Singapore, 177 Skips, 254 Skittles, 52 Slimming World, 296 Small, Dana, 199, 203, 206, 219 smell, 180–92 Smith, Barry, 180–83, 185n, 197n, 203, 304 smoking, 9, 11, 31, 55, 153, 164, 166, 167, 179, 299 snobbery, 44–5 Snowdon, Christopher, 49, 124–9, 132–3 sodium, 85 softness, 66, 166, 172–6, 272, 301 Soil Association, 256 sour tastes, 195, 196 sourdough bread, 174 soy, 28, 33, 237, 239–40, 261, 265 soybean oil, 28 Spain, 62 Spar, 205n Special K, 158 speedballing, 199 Speisefett, 70–74 Splenda, 203 Spotify, 140 Sprigg, Reg, 84 stabilisers, 15, 19, 151 Stanford University, 109, 148–9 star signs, 49–50 Starbucks, 264 starch, taste of, 195 starches, 20–22, 23, 33, 91, 118, 271 ‘stop eating’ signal, 34, 104, 173 Strato-Plates, 151 stress, 9, 11, 132, 143–4, 147 stromatolites, 80 strontium, 85 stunting, 8 substance addiction, 164, 166 Subway, 140 sucralose, 154, 203 sugar, 39, 43, 109–21, 198 artificial sweeteners and, 203 Coca-Cola and, 198–202 dental health and, 120–21 suicidality, 227 sulphur, 85 Sun, The, 125 Sunday Telegraph, 125 sunflower oil, 28, 29 Super Size Me (2004 documentary), 36 Sustain, 173 Swanson, 151 sweet tastes, 195 Sweet’N Low, 91 Switzerland, 178 Swizzels, 15 Syed, Matthew, 137n Sylvetsky, Allison, 202 synthetic carbohydrates, 20–22, 23, 91, 154, 271 synthetic fat, 69–75 systemic connective tissue disorders, 214n Szent-Györgyi, Albert, 82n Taco Bell, 140 Tadrart Acacus mountains, 25 Talmud, 101 tannins, 87, 197 Tanzania, 129–32, 246 Tapsell, Linda, 47, 192 taste buds, 194 tastes, 194–207 Tate & Lyle, 65, 132 Taubes, Gary, 109–17, 124 taxation, 204, 250–55, 279 Tearfund, 267–8 teeth, 120–21, 175, 272 Teflon, 212 Telegraph, 125 Terra Grande, 239, 248 Tesco, 17, 19, 27n, 159, 205n, 217, 264, 296, 297, 298 testosterone, 132 Thompson, Melissa, 245–6 thyroid, 85, 227 Tim Hortons, 140 Time Life, 44 tofu, 240, 261 Togo, 286 tomatoes, 188 tongue, 194 Tony the Tiger, 299 Toop, James, 298 tortillas, 17 Tortoise Media, 298 Towers, Greg, 1 toxins, 4, 86–7, 90, 183, 195n, 196 traditional diets, 19–20, 34, 43–6, 76, 197–8, 236–49, 271 traffic light system, 30–31, 39, 63 trans fats, 27n, 231 trehalose, 220–21 Tropsch, Hans, 69 Trump, Donald, 200, 202, 232n Tums, 285 Turkey Twizzlers, 155 TV Dinners, 151 Twain, Mark, 27n Twiglets, 254 twins, 139, 144 Twisters, 276 type 2 diabetes, 35, 62, 110, 198, 201–4, 216, 218, 220, 227, 241 U-boats, 72 Uganda, 246 Ukraine, 29 ulcerative colitis, 62, 216 ultra-processed food (UPF), 5–11 addictiveness, 153–68, 179, 206–7, 271, 303–4 appetite regulation and, 31, 37, 41, 56–9, 106–8, 160, 173 cost and, 17–20, 58, 255 criticism of concept, 63–6 definition, 6, 32–4, 38, 40–45, 46–51, 53–60, 157–60 diet experiments, see diet experiments dryness of, 176 energy density, 66, 176–7, 271, 301 flavouring, 180–92 health outcomes and, 6, 7, 47, 60, 62, 189, 216, 227 height and, 8, 191 microbiome and, 87–8, 155, 204, 213–21, 271 poverty and, 9, 41–2, 45, 55, 60, 143, 144–5, 149, 233 shelf life and, 15, 17, 18–19, 20, 22, 176 softness of, 66, 166, 172–6, 272, 301 traditional diets, displacement of, 76, 236–49, 271 umami tastes, 195–6 Uncle Tom Cobley, 29 Unilever, 16, 18, 22, 267, 275, 298 United Biscuits, 253 United Kingdom, 5, 6, 10, 17–18, 36, 38, 43, 90 breastfeeding in, 293 exercise in, 124–5 food deserts/swamps, 139–40, 142 height in, 191 overbites, 174 poverty in, 145 ready meals in, 151–2 sugar tax, 204, 279 United States, 5, 6, 10, 17, 18, 38, 43, 90 additives in, 210, 225–33 exercise in, 123–4, 125 Floyd murder (2020), 245 food deserts/swamps, 139, 143–4 height in, 191 meat production and, 266 overbites, 174 ready meals in, 151 substance addiction in, 166 Université Clermont Auvergne, 171 University College London (UCL), 1, 10, 31, 35, 37, 160 University of Alabama, 101n University of Amsterdam, 247 University of Bordeaux, 181 University of Melbourne, 38 University of Michigan, 165, 220 University of Minnesota, 47 University of Wollongong, 47 Urban VIII, Pope, 117 valerate, 88 van Tulleken, Xand, 52, 139, 143–4, 147–8, 160, 163–5, 167, 193, 243, 301–302 Vanguard, 281 vanilla, 185n VAT (value-added tax), 251 vegetable oils, 258 vegetable stock, 193 Venus of Willendorf, 101 Viennetta, 276 vinegar, 88 Vinuesa, Vitor, 240 viruses, 1–3 visceral fat, 143 vitamins, 58, 189, 191–2 A, 188, 191, 237 C, 47, 196 D, 30, 94, 97, 191 deficiencies, 42 E, 47, 191 supplements, 47 volatile short chain fatty acids, 87 Waitrose, 159, 264, 274 Walker’s, 299 Wall’s, 15, 64 Warburtons, 296 Wardle, Jane, 138 Warta, 69, 70 Washington Works plant, West Virginia, 212 water cost of, 200 taste of, 195 Watzke, Heribert, 65 Wayback Machine, 237n weight gain, see under obesity weight loss, 54, 108 dieting, 111 exercise and, 122–36 West Germany, 68–9, 74 Westcott, Sean, 286 whales, 102, 197 Wheat Crunchies, 254 wheat, 45 Wheeler-Kingshott, Claudia, 160–62 Willett, Walter, 111n willpower, 7–8, 137–50 Wilmar International Limited, 277 Wilson, Bee, 157 wine, 181 wisdom teeth, 175 Wise, Roy, 156n World Health Assembly, 290 World Health Organization (WHO), 141, 153, 232, 290, 291 World War I (1914–18), 69, 91, 217 World War II (1939–45), 73 worms, 87 Wrangham, Richard, 88–9 Wurzburg, Otto, 22 xanthan gum, 17, 22, 220 xylan, 87 Yale University, 141, 187, 199, 303 Yeo, Giles, 125–6, 138, 139 yoghurt, 16–17, 25, 112, 237 Yollies, 64 YUM!

Doppelganger: A Trip Into the Mirror World by Naomi Klein

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 2021 United States Capitol attack, 3D printing, anti-communist, anti-globalists, autism spectrum disorder, benefit corporation, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, blood diamond, Boris Johnson, Boycotts of Israel, Cambridge Analytica, capitalist realism, ChatGPT, citizen journalism, Climategate, contact tracing, coronavirus, COVID-19, crisis actor, critical race theory, dark matter, deep learning, deepfake, deplatforming, disinformation, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, fake news, false flag, feminist movement, George Floyd, glass ceiling, global pandemic, global supply chain, green new deal, Greta Thunberg, hive mind, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet Archive, Jeffrey Epstein, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, lab leak, Lewis Mumford, lockdown, Mark Zuckerberg, mass immigration, mass incarceration, medical residency, military-industrial complex, moral panic, Naomi Klein, Nelson Mandela, neurotypical, new economy, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, Parler "social media", pattern recognition, Peter Thiel, phenotype, profit motive, QAnon, QR code, Ralph Waldo Emerson, randomized controlled trial, Rosa Parks, Scientific racism, Scramble for Africa, shared worldview, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Slavoj Žižek, smart cities, social distancing, Steve Bannon, surveillance capitalism, tech billionaire, tech bro, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, TikTok, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, trickle-down economics, union organizing, W. E. B. Du Bois, Wayback Machine, women in the workforce

“I never thought I would be talking to you”: Tucker Carlson, “Naomi Wolf Sounds Alarm at Growing Power of ‘Autocratic Tyrants.’” one of Britain’s most vocal climate change deniers: James Delingpole, “‘Climategate Was Fake News,’ Lies the BBC…,” Breitbart, July 11, 2019, posted on the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine. “This is so unlikely”: James Delingpole, “Naomi Wolf,” The James Delingpole Podcast, May 3, 2021, 0:25–1:04. “I spent years thinking you were the devil”: Steve Bannon, host, “Not Science Fiction … Dr. Naomi Wolf Reveals Dangers of Vaccine Passports,” War Room: Pandemic (podcast), episode 874, April 14, 2021, at 13:43–14:03, posted on Rumble.

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his “community”: Bannon, “Independence Day!!,” at 19:53. “heads on pikes”: Dan Mangan, “Steve Bannon’s Podcast Barred from Twitter After He Made Beheading Comment About Fauci, FBI Director Wray,” CNBC, November 5, 2020. “border warfare” … “inclusive nationalism”: Screen capture from War Room posted on the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine, October 22, 2022; Steve Bannon @SteveBannon, post, Gettr, June 9, 2022. polling supports this claim: Joshua Jamerson and Aaron Zitner, “GOP Gaining Support Among Black and Latino Voters, WSJ Poll Finds,” Wall Street Journal, November 7, 2022. “run this country for one hundred years”: Steve Bannon, host, deleted episode, War Room: Pandemic (podcast); Bannon, “Biden Chaos,” at 13:56.

We Are the Nerds: The Birth and Tumultuous Life of Reddit, the Internet's Culture Laboratory by Christine Lagorio-Chafkin

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", 4chan, Aaron Swartz, Airbnb, Amazon Web Services, Bernie Sanders, big-box store, bitcoin, blockchain, Brewster Kahle, Burning Man, compensation consultant, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data science, David Heinemeier Hansson, digital rights, disinformation, Donald Trump, East Village, eternal september, fake news, game design, Golden Gate Park, growth hacking, Hacker News, hiring and firing, independent contractor, Internet Archive, Jacob Appelbaum, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, Joi Ito, Justin.tv, Kickstarter, Large Hadron Collider, Lean Startup, lolcat, Lyft, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, medical residency, minimum viable product, natural language processing, Palm Treo, Paul Buchheit, Paul Graham, paypal mafia, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, QR code, r/findbostonbombers, recommendation engine, RFID, rolodex, Ruby on Rails, Sam Altman, Sand Hill Road, Saturday Night Live, self-driving car, semantic web, Sheryl Sandberg, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Silicon Valley startup, slashdot, Snapchat, Social Justice Warrior, social web, South of Market, San Francisco, Startup school, Stephen Hawking, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Streisand effect, technoutopianism, uber lyft, Wayback Machine, web application, WeWork, WikiLeaks, Y Combinator

He took off abruptly and would vanish for hours. He was blogging on his personal site regularly, posting lengthy book reviews alongside his theories on dieting. He relaunched Infogami. Other projects were more quixotic. He wrote a program that would download material from the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine website, archive.org. He built and released a bare-bones Amazon search that loaded more quickly than the full Amazon.com site. He began researching early childhood development and education, with the aim to author his own text on the matter. Swartz’s physical and mental health began to concern the others.

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Points of particular interest are sourced below, with page numbers from the Kindle edition. The Internet Archive was an invaluable source of old, now-defunct, updated, or since-censored content. Where current or easily accessible webpages are unavailable, they are often referenced through the “Wayback Machine,” as it’s known. Reddit itself, of course, was also invaluable; so was its blog, which took at least four iterations over the years. Reddit posts themselves are usually quoted when referenced in the text, and despite the common refrain that Reddit’s search function is lackluster, it does the job in most cases here, so references to most Reddit posts, threads, and blog announcements are omitted.

As Gods: A Moral History of the Genetic Age by Matthew Cobb

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Apollo 11, Asilomar, bioinformatics, Black Lives Matter, Build a better mousetrap, clean water, coronavirus, COVID-19, CRISPR, cryptocurrency, cuban missile crisis, double helix, Dr. Strangelove, Drosophila, Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Fellow of the Royal Society, Food sovereignty, global pandemic, Gordon Gekko, greed is good, Higgs boson, lab leak, mega-rich, military-industrial complex, Nelson Mandela, offshore financial centre, out of africa, planetary scale, precautionary principle, profit motive, Project Plowshare, QR code, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Recombinant DNA, Richard Feynman, Ronald Reagan, Scientific racism, Silicon Valley, Skype, stem cell, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, synthetic biology, tacit knowledge, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Wayback Machine, We are as Gods, Whole Earth Catalog

Kloppenburg, J. (1988), First the Seed: The Political Economy of Plant Biotechnology 1492–2000 (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press), p. 11. 18 Daily Telegraph, 8 June 1998. 19 Enserink, M. (1998), Science 281:1124–5. 20 Ewen, S. and Pusztai, A. (1999), Lancet 354:1353–4; Horton, R. (1999), Lancet 354:1729. 21 Schurman and Monro, Fighting for the Future of Food, p. 108. 22 https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2003/06/20/broad-opposition-to-genetically-modified-foods – this link is archived at the Wayback Machine at archive.org. 23 Schurman and Monro, Fighting for the Future of Food; the role of transcendental meditation followers is highlighted by Grohman, G. (2021), Annals of Iowa 80:1–34. 24 Le Monde, 18 January 1998. 25 Le Monde, 14 August 1999. 26 Le Monde, 1 September 1999. 27 Le Monde, 9 September 1999. 28 Lynas, Seeds of Science, pp. 29–31.

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., et al. (2019), Nature Biomedical Engineering 3:806–16. 63 The Independent, 6 November 2013; Boston Globe, 25 November 2013. 64 Le Monde, 16 December 2013. 65 Anonymous (2013), Science 342:1434–5. 66 New York Times, 4 March 2014. 67 Washington Post, 11 November 2014. 68 San Francisco Chronicle, 7 September 2014. 69 Editing Life (BBC Radio, 2016), https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06zr3zj 70 Le Monde, 1 August 2016. 71 Ibid. 72 Doudna and Sternberg, A Crack in Creation; Isaacson, The Code Breaker; Davies, Editing Humanity. 73 Lander, E. (2016), Cell 164:18–28. 74 https://www.michaeleisen.org/blog/?p=1825 and https://genotopia.scienceblog.com/573/a-whig-history-of-crispr – these pages have been saved to the Wayback Machine at archive.org. 75 Vence. T. (2016), The Scientist, 19 January 2016. 12 #CRISPRbabies 1 Doudna, J. and Sternberg, S. (2017), A Crack in Creation: The New Power to Control Evolution (London, Bodley Head), p. 199. 2 Niu, Y., et al. (2014), Cell 156:836–43. 3 Le Monde, 15 August 2016. 4 Manheimer, K., et al. (2018), Human Genetics 137:183–93. 5 Doudna, J. (2015a), Nature 528:469–71, p. 470. 6 Ibid., p. 471. 7 Regalado, A. (2015), MIT Technology Review, 5 March 2015. 8 Greely, H. (2021), CRISPR People: The Science and Ethics of Editing Humans (London, MIT Press), pp. 60–5. 9 Lanphier, E., et al. (2015), Nature 519:410–11. 10 Baltimore, D., et al. (2015), Science 348:36–8. 11 Zhang, X. (2015), Protein & Cell 6:313. 12 Liang, P., et al. (2015), Protein & Cell 6:363–72. 13 Regalado, A. (2015), MIT Technology Review, 22 April 2015. 14 Bosley, K., et al. (2015), Nature Biotechnology 33:478–86. 15 Ibid., p. 479. 16 Regalado, A. (2018), MIT Technology Review, 11 December 2018. 17 Boston Globe, 1 August 2015. 18 Miller, H. (2015), Science 348:1325. 19 Pollack, R. (2015), Science 348:871. 20 Le Monde, 22 August 2016. 21 Society for Developmental Biology (2015), Position statement from the Society for Developmental Biology on Genomic Editing in Human Embryos, 24 April 2015. https://www.sdbonline.org/uploads/files/SDBgenomeeditposstmt.pdf 22 Membres Comité d’Éthique de l’INSERM (2016), Saisine concernant les questions liées au développement de la technologie CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-Cas9. https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-02110670/document 23 Quotes from Bosley et al. (2015), p. 481. 24 Editing Life (BBC Radio, 2016), https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/b06zr3zj 25 An excellent summary of the different legal and ethical frameworks around the world can be found in Greely, CRISPR People. 26 Ledford, H. (2015), Nature 526:310–11. 27 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2015), International Summit on Human Gene Editing: A Global Discussion (Washington, DC, The National Academies Press). 28 Ibid. 29 Reardon, S. (2015), Nature 528:173. 30 https://www.statnews.com/2015/12/02/gene-editing-summit-embryos/ 31 Doudna, J. (2015b), Nature 528:S6. 32 For example, Hogan, A. (2016), Endeavour 40:218–22. 33 Parthasarathy, S. (2015), Ethics in Biology, Engineering & Medicine 6:305–12, pp. 306–7, 308, 309, 310–11. 34 Hurlbut, J., et al. (2015), Issues in Science and Technology 32(1). 35 Ceccarelli, L. (2018), Life Sciences, Society and Policy 14:24. 36 Ibid., p. 9. 37 Kang, X., et al. (2016), Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 33:581–8. 38 Callaway, E. (2016), Nature 532:289–90. 39 Doudna (2015b). 40 Ma, H., et al. (2017), Nature 548:413–9. 41 Baylis, F. (2019), Altered Inheritance: CRISPR and the Ethics of Human Genome Editing (London, Harvard University Press), p. 109.

Content: Selected Essays on Technology, Creativity, Copyright, and the Future of the Future by Cory Doctorow

AltaVista, AOL-Time Warner, book scanning, Brewster Kahle, Burning Man, cognitive load, drop ship, en.wikipedia.org, general purpose technology, informal economy, information retrieval, Internet Archive, invention of movable type, Jeff Bezos, John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow, Law of Accelerating Returns, machine readable, Metcalfe's law, mirror neurons, Mitch Kapor, moral panic, mutually assured destruction, Neal Stephenson, new economy, optical character recognition, PalmPilot, patent troll, pattern recognition, peer-to-peer, Ponzi scheme, post scarcity, QWERTY keyboard, Ray Kurzweil, RFID, Sand Hill Road, Skype, slashdot, Snow Crash, social software, speech recognition, Steve Jobs, the long tail, Thomas Bayes, Turing test, Vernor Vinge, Wayback Machine

The ability of humans to generate verbiage is far outstripped by the ability of technologists to generate low-cost, reliable storage to contain it. For example, Brewster Kahle's Internet Archive project (archive.org) has been making a copy of the Web — the whole Web, give or take — every couple of days since 1996. Using the Archive's Wayback Machine, you can now go and see what any page looked like on a given day. The Archive doesn't even bother throwing away copies of pages that haven't changed since the last time they were scraped: with storage as cheap as it is — and it is very cheap for the Archive, which runs the largest database in the history of the universe off of a collection of white-box commodity PCs stacked up on packing skids in the basement of a disused armory in San Francisco's Presidio — there's no reason not to just keep them around.

Without Their Permission: How the 21st Century Will Be Made, Not Managed by Alexis Ohanian

Airbnb, barriers to entry, carbon-based life, cloud computing, crowdsourcing, digital divide, en.wikipedia.org, Hacker News, Hans Rosling, hiring and firing, hockey-stick growth, independent contractor, Internet Archive, Justin.tv, Kickstarter, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, means of production, Menlo Park, minimum viable product, Occupy movement, Paul Graham, Silicon Valley, Skype, slashdot, social web, software is eating the world, Startup school, TED Talk, Tony Hsieh, unpaid internship, Wayback Machine, Y Combinator, Yochai Benkler

That’s not to say these two communities are mutually exclusive. In fact, I’m a proud member of both. 8. I’d hoped people would say this to one another, but to date, I don’t think a single person has. So it goes. 9. This is from a recorded interview with Steve Huffman. 10. I found it thanks to the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine! http://web.archive.org/web/20051026085633/http://changingway.net/archives/221 11. http://www.chron.com/life/article/The-turkey-was-almost-our-national-bird-1732163.php 12. http://www.paulgraham.com/relres.html 13. Author’s note: If you’re reading this at a time when reddit.com has become even more popular, possibly even forming its own online city-state, think of the above as charmingly humble.

Assassination Vacation by Sarah Vowell

airport security, Bob Geldof, City Beautiful movement, company town, David Sedaris, desegregation, Frank Gehry, gun show loophole, Ida Tarbell, Lewis Mumford, Oklahoma City bombing, Ralph Nader, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ronald Reagan, Timothy McVeigh, Upton Sinclair, Wayback Machine, white picket fence

What I like about the grandfather paradox is that it treats time travel not as some lofty exercise in cultural tourism — looking over Melville’s shoulder as he wrote Moby-Dick — but as a petty excuse to bicker with and gun down one’s own relatives. I just so happen to have a grandfather who deserved it, my great-great-grandfather, John Vowell. The reason why I would set the wayback machine for the sole purpose of rubbing him out is this: In the 1860s, the teenage John Vowell joined up with pro-slavery guerrilla warrior William Clarke Quantrill, who has been called the “most hated man in the Civil War,” which is saying something. On August 21, 1863, Quantrill led his gang, including my great-great-gramps, into Lawrence, Kansas, reportedly ordering them to “kill every male and burn every house.”

The Intelligent Asset Allocator: How to Build Your Portfolio to Maximize Returns and Minimize Risk by William J. Bernstein

asset allocation, backtesting, book value, buy and hold, capital asset pricing model, commoditize, computer age, correlation coefficient, currency risk, diversification, diversified portfolio, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, financial engineering, fixed income, index arbitrage, index fund, intangible asset, John Bogle, junk bonds, Long Term Capital Management, p-value, passive investing, prediction markets, random walk, Richard Thaler, risk free rate, risk tolerance, risk-adjusted returns, risk/return, South Sea Bubble, stocks for the long run, survivorship bias, the rule of 72, the scientific method, time value of money, transaction costs, Vanguard fund, Wayback Machine, Yogi Berra, zero-coupon bond

Going forward to 1985–1989 this allocation returned 11.83% versus 24.14% for the cowards. For 1985–1989, the best allocation was 100% Japanese stocks, producing an astonishing return of 40.24% annualized. The next five Optimal Asset Allocations 71 years? Negative 3.5% annualized versus to plus 7.54% for the coward’s portfolio. Again, it’s useful to take a short jaunt in the “wayback machine” to the late 1980s. A few square miles of Tokyo real estate were worth more than all of California, and shortly we were all going to be speaking Japanese. “The Nikkei too expensive at 100 times earnings? Westerners just don’t understand how to value equity on the Tokyo markets.” And finally, for 1990–1994 the best strategy was 100% Pacific Rim, returning 15.27% annualized.

How We Got Here: A Slightly Irreverent History of Technology and Markets by Andy Kessler

Albert Einstein, Andy Kessler, animal electricity, automated trading system, bank run, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Bletchley Park, Bob Noyce, Bretton Woods, British Empire, buttonwood tree, Charles Babbage, Claude Shannon: information theory, Corn Laws, cotton gin, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas Engelbart, Edward Lloyd's coffeehouse, Fairchild Semiconductor, fiat currency, fixed income, floating exchange rates, flying shuttle, Fractional reserve banking, full employment, GPS: selective availability, Grace Hopper, invention of the steam engine, invention of the telephone, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, Jacquard loom, James Hargreaves, James Watt: steam engine, John von Neumann, joint-stock company, joint-stock limited liability company, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, Ken Thompson, Kickstarter, Leonard Kleinrock, Marc Andreessen, Mary Meeker, Maui Hawaii, Menlo Park, Metcalfe's law, Metcalfe’s law, military-industrial complex, Mitch Kapor, Multics, packet switching, pneumatic tube, price mechanism, probability theory / Blaise Pascal / Pierre de Fermat, profit motive, proprietary trading, railway mania, RAND corporation, Robert Metcalfe, Silicon Valley, Small Order Execution System, South Sea Bubble, spice trade, spinning jenny, Steve Jobs, Suez canal 1869, supply-chain management, supply-chain management software, systems thinking, three-martini lunch, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, tulip mania, Turing machine, Turing test, undersea cable, UUNET, Wayback Machine, William Shockley: the traitorous eight

Of course, there was no official trade bureau keeping track of such things, so the correlation was probably not noticed. Spain faded into oblivion because all it did was steal gold, and rarely created enterprises. Other countries from France to England used the gold as a unit of money for transactions and built enterprises and robust economies, i.e. true wealth vs. the transient kind. Sherman, set the Wayback Machine to 1694 England (said Peabody) and let’s see if gold is all that it is cracked up to be. *** OK, we’ve been here before. Mercantilism is all the rage. The British monarchy has the crown jewels, but not much gold and not much liquidity. So joint-stock companies are formed to explore/exploit India and points east as well as the New World to the west.

The Web Application Hacker's Handbook: Finding and Exploiting Security Flaws by Dafydd Stuttard, Marcus Pinto

business logic, call centre, cloud computing, commoditize, database schema, defense in depth, easy for humans, difficult for computers, Firefox, information retrieval, information security, lateral thinking, machine readable, MITM: man-in-the-middle, MVC pattern, optical character recognition, Ruby on Rails, SQL injection, Turing test, Wayback Machine, web application

Two main types of publicly available resources are useful here: ■ Search engines such as Google, Yahoo, and MSN. These maintain a finegrained index of all content that their powerful spiders have discovered, and also cached copies of much of this content, which persists even after the original content has been removed. ■ Web archives such as the WayBack Machine, located at www. archive. org/. These archives maintain a historical record of a large number of websites. In many cases they allow users to browse a fully replicated snapshot of a given site as it existed at various dates going back several years. 90 Chapter 4 Mapping the Application In addition to content that has been linked in the past, these resources are also likely to contain references to content that is linked from third-party sites, but not from within the target application itself.

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This may sometimes uncover additional content that you overlooked when working manually. Before doing an automated crawl, first identify any URLs that are dangerous or likely to break the application session, and then configure the spider to exclude these from its scope. 1.2 Consult Public Resources 1.2.1 Use Internet search engines and archives (such as the Wayback Machine) to identify what content they have indexed and stored for your target application. 1.2.2 Use advanced search options to improve the effectiveness of your research. For example, on Google you can use site : to retrieve all the content for your target site and link: to retrieve other sites that link to it.

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See virtual private network vulnerability scanners integrated testing suites, 764-765 standalone, 773-784 standalone, 773-784 automated versus user-directed, 784 customized automation, 780-781 dangerous effects, 779 individuating functionality, 779-780 limitations, 776-777 products, 781-782 technical challenges, 778-781 using, 783-784 vulnerabilities detected, 774-776 vulnerabilities undetected, 775 w WAFs. See web application firewalls WAITFOR command, MS-SQL, 322-323 WAR files, 673-676 warez, distributing, 2 WayBack Machine, 89 WCF. See Windows Communication Foundation weak passwords, 161-162 web 2.0,14 vulnerabilities, 65 web application firewalls (WAFs) bypassing, 698 hacker's methodology, web servers, 848-849 NULL bytes, 460 web servers, 697-698 web applications. See also hacker's methodology; hacker's toolkit administrative functions in, 35-36 Index i W-W 877 ASP attackers between, 660-663 behavior extrapolating, 109-110 isolating, 110 benefits, 5-6 business, 4 cloud computing, 5 custom development, 10 data store reliance of, 287 deceptive simplicity, 10-11 evolution, 2-3 framework flaws, 685-687 functions, 4-5 increasing demands on, 12 managing, 35-36 overextended, 11-12 pages, functional paths versus, 93-96 security, 1, 6-15 attackers, 6 developer understanding, 3 future, 14-15 key factors, 10-12 new network perimeter for, 12-14 user input threatening, 9-10 vulnerabilities, 7-8 shared hosting attackers between, 660-663 technologies developing, 6 third-party, 560-561 threats to, 3 rapidly evolving, 11 XPath subverting logic of, 345-346 web archives, public information, 89-90 web browsers.

Whiplash: How to Survive Our Faster Future by Joi Ito, Jeff Howe

3D printing, air gap, Albert Michelson, AlphaGo, Amazon Web Services, artificial general intelligence, basic income, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, Black Swan, Bletchley Park, blockchain, Burning Man, business logic, buy low sell high, Claude Shannon: information theory, cloud computing, commons-based peer production, Computer Numeric Control, conceptual framework, CRISPR, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data acquisition, deep learning, DeepMind, Demis Hassabis, digital rights, disruptive innovation, Donald Trump, double helix, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, Ferguson, Missouri, fiat currency, financial innovation, Flash crash, Ford Model T, frictionless, game design, Gerolamo Cardano, informal economy, information security, interchangeable parts, Internet Archive, Internet of things, Isaac Newton, Jeff Bezos, John Harrison: Longitude, Joi Ito, Khan Academy, Kickstarter, Mark Zuckerberg, microbiome, move 37, Nate Silver, Network effects, neurotypical, Oculus Rift, off-the-grid, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), PalmPilot, pattern recognition, peer-to-peer, pirate software, power law, pre–internet, prisoner's dilemma, Productivity paradox, quantum cryptography, race to the bottom, RAND corporation, random walk, Ray Kurzweil, Ronald Coase, Ross Ulbricht, Satoshi Nakamoto, self-driving car, SETI@home, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Simon Singh, Singularitarianism, Skype, slashdot, smart contracts, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, Stuxnet, supply-chain management, synthetic biology, technological singularity, technoutopianism, TED Talk, The Nature of the Firm, the scientific method, The Signal and the Noise by Nate Silver, the strength of weak ties, There's no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home - Ken Olsen, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Two Sigma, universal basic income, unpaid internship, uranium enrichment, urban planning, warehouse automation, warehouse robotics, Wayback Machine, WikiLeaks, Yochai Benkler

For an excellent analysis of the relationship between media diversity and the Great Recession, see Riva Gold’s Atlantic magazine article, “Newsroom Diversity: A Casualty of Journalism’s Financial Crisis.” (July 2013) httpp://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/07/newsroom-diversity-a-casualty-of-journalisms-financial-crisis/277622/. Chapter 8: Resilience over Strength 1 “YouTube—Broadcast Yourself.,” Internet Archive Wayback Machine, April 28, 2005, https://web.archive.org/web/20050428014715/http://www.youtube.com/. 2 Jim Hopkins, “Surprise! There’s a Third YouTube Co-Founder,” USA Today, October 11, 2006, http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-10-11-youtube-karim_x.htm. 3 Amy-Mae Elliott, “10 Fascinating YouTube Facts That May Surprise You,” Mashable, February 19, 2011, http://mashable.com/2011/02/19/youtube-facts/. 4 Keith Epstein, “The Fall of the House of Schrader,” Keith Epstein.

The Organized Mind: Thinking Straight in the Age of Information Overload by Daniel J. Levitin

Abraham Maslow, airport security, Albert Einstein, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Anton Chekhov, autism spectrum disorder, Bayesian statistics, behavioural economics, big-box store, business process, call centre, Claude Shannon: information theory, cloud computing, cognitive bias, cognitive load, complexity theory, computer vision, conceptual framework, correlation does not imply causation, crowdsourcing, cuban missile crisis, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, data science, deep learning, delayed gratification, Donald Trump, en.wikipedia.org, epigenetics, Eratosthenes, Exxon Valdez, framing effect, friendly fire, fundamental attribution error, Golden Gate Park, Google Glasses, GPS: selective availability, haute cuisine, How many piano tuners are there in Chicago?, human-factors engineering, if you see hoof prints, think horses—not zebras, impulse control, index card, indoor plumbing, information retrieval, information security, invention of writing, iterative process, jimmy wales, job satisfaction, Kickstarter, language acquisition, Lewis Mumford, life extension, longitudinal study, meta-analysis, more computing power than Apollo, Network effects, new economy, Nicholas Carr, optical character recognition, Pareto efficiency, pattern recognition, phenotype, placebo effect, pre–internet, profit motive, randomized controlled trial, Rubik’s Cube, Salesforce, shared worldview, Sheryl Sandberg, Skype, Snapchat, social intelligence, statistical model, Steve Jobs, supply-chain management, the scientific method, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, theory of mind, Thomas Bayes, traumatic brain injury, Turing test, Twitter Arab Spring, ultimatum game, Wayback Machine, zero-sum game

You could be relying on statistics that are outdated, have been retracted, or that applied to a different year than the one you’re interested in. Re-posters sometimes alter key information in the process; don’t assume that content has been re-posted without alterations. One tool to help identify an altered article is the Wayback Machine (named in a nod to Jay Ward’s Peabody and Sherman cartoon from the 1950s and 1960s). The Wayback contains snapshots of the World Wide Web at different points in time. The archive isn’t continuous—it takes snapshots at irregular intervals—but it can be helpful in conducting research and validating information to see what websites looked like in the past. www.http://webarchive.org.

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National Weather Service, 225 Utah Construction (Utah International), 33–34, 301 Valins, Stuart, 149–50 Vallone, Robert, 339–40 value maximization, 269 Vance, Walter, 157 Venhuizen, John, 78–79 vigilance, 17, 47, 406n45 vision, 17–18, 21, 21–23 vitamin supplements, 253–55, 260 Wales, Jimmy, 331 Walker, Matthew, 184 Walls, Jeannette, 207 warfare, 172–73, 281–82 Watson, James, 375 The Wayback Machine, 474n341 The Wealth of Nations (Smith), 269 Wegner, Dan, 49 Wehr, Thomas, 189–90 Weisbord, Marvin, 286 Welch, Jack, 282, 464n283 Where’s Waldo? (children’s books), 17–18, 115 White House, 302–3 Whole Foods, 337–38 Wikipedia, 116, 120, 133, 330–36, 342, 378 willpower, 17, 37, 195–96 Wilson, Glenn, 97 Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, 176–77 witness testimony, 55–56 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 65 Wonder, Stevie, 174, 208 Wooton Desk, 294 Wordsworth, William, 12, 375 work flow, 214–15, 319, 319 World War II, 155–56, 173, 250 World Wide Web, 114, 341–43, 474n341 writing, xiii–xv, 13–15 Wynn, Steve, 107, 219–20, 226–27, 279–80, 395 Yates, JoAnne, 295 Young, Neil, 207–8 Your Medical Mind (Groopman and Hartzband), 260–61 Zander, Benjamin, 365 Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance (Pirsig), 69–70 ILLUSTRATION CREDITS 1: © 2014 Daniel J.

Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century by Jessica Bruder

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, back-to-the-land, big-box store, Boeing 747, Burning Man, cognitive dissonance, company town, crowdsourcing, fulfillment center, full employment, game design, gender pay gap, gentrification, Gini coefficient, income inequality, independent contractor, Jeff Bezos, Jessica Bruder, job automation, Mars Rover, new economy, Nomadland, off grid, off-the-grid, payday loans, Pepto Bismol, precariat, prosperity theology / prosperity gospel / gospel of success, Ronald Reagan, satellite internet, Saturday Night Live, sharing economy, six sigma, supply-chain management, traumatic brain injury, union organizing, urban sprawl, Wayback Machine, white picket fence, Y2K

Senator Alan Simpson on Social Security: Jeanne Sahadi, “Co-Chair of Obama Debt Panel under Fire for Remarks,” CNNMoney.com, August 25, 2010. http://money.cnn.com/2010/08/25/news/economy/alan_simpson_fiscal_commission. CHAPTER FOUR Biographical information on Bob Wells comes from in-person interviews, along with attending his seminars at the Rubber Tramp Rendezvous for three years and reading his website, http://CheapRVLiving.com. (Earlier published versions of the site were accessed via The Wayback Machine, http://archive.org/web/.) 69. “Maybe you were a gypsy”: https://web.archive.org/web/20130114225344/http://cheaprvliving.com. 71. The Great Alaska Earthquake: “The Great M9.2 Alaska Earthquake and Tsunami of March 27, 1964,” http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/alaska1964. 72. Damage to Denali Elementary School, Anchorage International Airport control tower and J.

The Four: How Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google Divided and Conquered the World by Scott Galloway

"Susan Fowler" uber, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, additive manufacturing, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, Amazon Robotics, Amazon Web Services, Apple II, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, Ben Horowitz, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, big-box store, Bob Noyce, Brewster Kahle, business intelligence, California gold rush, Cambridge Analytica, cloud computing, Comet Ping Pong, commoditize, cuban missile crisis, David Brooks, Didi Chuxing, digital divide, disintermediation, don't be evil, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, fake news, follow your passion, fulfillment center, future of journalism, future of work, global supply chain, Google Earth, Google Glasses, Google X / Alphabet X, Hacker Conference 1984, Internet Archive, invisible hand, Jeff Bezos, Jony Ive, Khan Academy, Kiva Systems, longitudinal study, Lyft, Mark Zuckerberg, meta-analysis, Network effects, new economy, obamacare, Oculus Rift, offshore financial centre, passive income, Peter Thiel, profit motive, race to the bottom, RAND corporation, ride hailing / ride sharing, risk tolerance, Robert Mercer, Robert Shiller, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, self-driving car, sentiment analysis, shareholder value, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, software is eating the world, speech recognition, Stephen Hawking, Steve Ballmer, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Stewart Brand, supercomputer in your pocket, Tesla Model S, the long tail, Tim Cook: Apple, Travis Kalanick, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, undersea cable, vertical integration, warehouse automation, warehouse robotics, Wayback Machine, Whole Earth Catalog, winner-take-all economy, working poor, you are the product, young professional

“Teach Trends.” National Center for Education Statistics. https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=28. 40. Full transcript: Internet Archive founder Brewster Kahle on Recode Decode. Recode. March 8, 2017. https://www.recode.net/2017/3/8/14843408/transcript-internet-archive-founder-brewster-kahle-wayback-machine-recode-decode. 41. Amazon Dash is a button you place anywhere in your home that connects to the Amazon app through Wi-Fi for one-click ordering. https://www.amazon.com/Dash-Buttons/b?ie=UTF8&node=10667898011. 42. http://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-prime-wardrobe-2017-6. 43. Daly, Patricia A.

Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the Enemy of Prosperity by Douglas Rushkoff

activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, algorithmic trading, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Andrew Keen, bank run, banking crisis, barriers to entry, benefit corporation, bitcoin, blockchain, Burning Man, business process, buy and hold, buy low sell high, California gold rush, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon footprint, centralized clearinghouse, citizen journalism, clean water, cloud computing, collaborative economy, collective bargaining, colonial exploitation, Community Supported Agriculture, corporate personhood, corporate raider, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data science, deep learning, disintermediation, diversified portfolio, Dutch auction, Elon Musk, Erik Brynjolfsson, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, fiat currency, Firefox, Flash crash, full employment, future of work, gamification, Garrett Hardin, gentrification, gig economy, Gini coefficient, global supply chain, global village, Google bus, Howard Rheingold, IBM and the Holocaust, impulse control, income inequality, independent contractor, index fund, iterative process, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, job automation, Joseph Schumpeter, Kickstarter, Large Hadron Collider, loss aversion, low interest rates, Lyft, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, market bubble, market fundamentalism, Marshall McLuhan, means of production, medical bankruptcy, minimum viable product, Mitch Kapor, Naomi Klein, Network effects, new economy, Norbert Wiener, Oculus Rift, passive investing, payday loans, peer-to-peer lending, Peter Thiel, post-industrial society, power law, profit motive, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, recommendation engine, reserve currency, RFID, Richard Stallman, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Russell Brand, Satoshi Nakamoto, Second Machine Age, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, social graph, software patent, Steve Jobs, stock buybacks, TaskRabbit, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, The Future of Employment, the long tail, trade route, Tragedy of the Commons, transportation-network company, Turing test, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, unpaid internship, Vitalik Buterin, warehouse robotics, Wayback Machine, Y Combinator, young professional, zero-sum game, Zipcar

Donnie Maclurcan and Jennifer Hinton, “Beyond Capitalism: Not-for-Profit Business Ethos Motivates Sustainable Behaviour,” theguardian.com, October 1, 2014. 83. “Exemption Requirements—501(c)(3) Organizations,” irs.gov, January 8, 2015. 84. John Tozzi, “Turning Nonprofits into For-Profits,” businessweek.com, June 15, 2009. 85. “Mozilla Foundation Announces Creation of Mozilla Corporation,” mozillazine.org, August 3, 2005, per Wayback Machine at archive.org/web/. 86. “Articles of Incorporation of M. F. Technologies,” static.mozilla.com, July 14, 2003. 87. www.linkedin.com/company/mozilla-corporation, 2015. Chapter Three: The Speed of Money 1. U.S. Department of the Treasury, “History of ‘In God We Trust,’” treasury.gov, March 8, 2011. 2.

Broad Band: The Untold Story of the Women Who Made the Internet by Claire L. Evans

4chan, Ada Lovelace, air gap, Albert Einstein, Bletchley Park, British Empire, Charles Babbage, colonial rule, Colossal Cave Adventure, computer age, crowdsourcing, D. B. Cooper, dark matter, dematerialisation, Doomsday Book, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Hofstadter, East Village, Edward Charles Pickering, game design, glass ceiling, Grace Hopper, Gödel, Escher, Bach, Haight Ashbury, Harvard Computers: women astronomers, Honoré de Balzac, Howard Rheingold, HyperCard, hypertext link, index card, information retrieval, Internet Archive, Jacquard loom, John von Neumann, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, junk bonds, knowledge worker, Leonard Kleinrock, machine readable, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, military-industrial complex, Mondo 2000, Mother of all demos, Network effects, old-boy network, On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures, packet switching, PalmPilot, pets.com, rent control, RFC: Request For Comment, rolodex, San Francisco homelessness, semantic web, side hustle, Silicon Valley, Skype, South of Market, San Francisco, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, subscription business, tech worker, technoutopianism, Ted Nelson, telepresence, The Soul of a New Machine, Wayback Machine, Whole Earth Catalog, Whole Earth Review, women in the workforce, Works Progress Administration, Y2K

Thanks are due, also, to those who helped along the way: to Robert Kett and Martina Haidvogl at SFMOMA, who helped me to consult the CD-ROM archive of Word magazine in the museum’s permanent collection; Wende Cover at the Internet Hall of Fame, who connected me with early networking pioneers; Sydney Gulbronson Olson at the Computer History Museum, who handled my queries about Community Memory; and the saintly people of the Internet Archive, without whose Wayback Machine the dot-com-era chapters would have been impossible to write. Give them all your money. I’m not a trained historian, and I am deeply appreciative of the work done by the scholars of computing history cited throughout this book, particularly in the early chapters. They’re doing world-changing work, in many cases righting egregious exclusions.

Hooked: Food, Free Will, and How the Food Giants Exploit Our Addictions by Michael Moss

"RICO laws" OR "Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations", big-box store, Donald Davies, Drosophila, epigenetics, hydroponic farming, Internet Archive, means of production, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, randomized controlled trial, Upton Sinclair, Wayback Machine

still millions of people Warren Buffett to Becky Quick, CNBC Squawk Box, March 25, 2015. two unusual grocery stores opened These stores and the donated groceries were described on the DiOGenes project website, www.diogenes-eu.org [inactive], and in its published research. The site is no longer active, but it can be viewed through the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine. “Consumers are prepared” Petra Goyens and Guy Ramsay, “Tackling Obesity: Academia and Industry Find Common Ground,” Food Science and Technology Journal 22 (March 14, 2008). “In effect, if academia” Ibid. what the DiOGenes researchers saw Thomas Larsen et al., “Diets with High or Low Protein Content and Glycemic Index for Weight-Loss Maintenance,” New England Journal of Medicine 363 (2010): 2102–13; Arne Astrup to author.

Reinventing Discovery: The New Era of Networked Science by Michael Nielsen

Albert Einstein, augmented reality, barriers to entry, bioinformatics, Cass Sunstein, Climategate, Climatic Research Unit, conceptual framework, dark matter, discovery of DNA, Donald Knuth, double helix, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Easter island, en.wikipedia.org, Erik Brynjolfsson, fault tolerance, Fellow of the Royal Society, Firefox, Free Software Foundation, Freestyle chess, Galaxy Zoo, Higgs boson, Internet Archive, invisible hand, Jane Jacobs, Jaron Lanier, Johannes Kepler, Kevin Kelly, Large Hadron Collider, machine readable, machine translation, Magellanic Cloud, means of production, medical residency, Nicholas Carr, P = NP, P vs NP, publish or perish, Richard Feynman, Richard Stallman, selection bias, semantic web, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Simon Singh, Skype, slashdot, social intelligence, social web, statistical model, Stephen Hawking, Stewart Brand, subscription business, tacit knowledge, Ted Nelson, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Nature of the Firm, The Wisdom of Crowds, University of East Anglia, Vannevar Bush, Vernor Vinge, Wayback Machine, Yochai Benkler

So although open science can learn a lot from the open culture movement, it also requires new thinking. Notes Some of the references that follow include webpag es whose URLs may expire after this book is published. Such webpages should be recoverable using the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine (http://www.archive.org/web/web.php). Online sources are often written informally, and I’ve reproduced spelling and other errors verbatim when quoting such sources. Chapter 1. Reinventing Discovery p 1: Gowers proposed the Polymath Project in a posting to his blog [79]. For more on the Polymath Project, see [82].

Bold: How to Go Big, Create Wealth and Impact the World by Peter H. Diamandis, Steven Kotler

3D printing, additive manufacturing, adjacent possible, Airbnb, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Amazon Web Services, Apollo 11, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, Boston Dynamics, Charles Lindbergh, cloud computing, company town, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, data science, deal flow, deep learning, dematerialisation, deskilling, disruptive innovation, driverless car, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Exxon Valdez, fail fast, Fairchild Semiconductor, fear of failure, Firefox, Galaxy Zoo, Geoffrey Hinton, Google Glasses, Google Hangouts, gravity well, hype cycle, ImageNet competition, industrial robot, information security, Internet of things, Jeff Bezos, John Harrison: Longitude, John Markoff, Jono Bacon, Just-in-time delivery, Kickstarter, Kodak vs Instagram, Law of Accelerating Returns, Lean Startup, life extension, loss aversion, Louis Pasteur, low earth orbit, Mahatma Gandhi, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Mars Rover, meta-analysis, microbiome, minimum viable product, move fast and break things, Narrative Science, Netflix Prize, Network effects, Oculus Rift, OpenAI, optical character recognition, packet switching, PageRank, pattern recognition, performance metric, Peter H. Diamandis: Planetary Resources, Peter Thiel, pre–internet, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, Richard Feynman, ride hailing / ride sharing, risk tolerance, rolodex, Scaled Composites, self-driving car, sentiment analysis, shareholder value, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, skunkworks, Skype, smart grid, SpaceShipOne, stem cell, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, Stuart Kauffman, superconnector, Susan Wojcicki, synthetic biology, technoutopianism, TED Talk, telepresence, telepresence robot, Turing test, urban renewal, Virgin Galactic, Wayback Machine, web application, X Prize, Y Combinator, zero-sum game

The goal here is both to familiarize you with this technology and use it as a real-time template for the Six Ds, exploring how select entrepreneurs have correctly read the cycle of hype and positioned themselves to take full advantage of this tech’s exponential opportunity. To accomplish this goal, we need to start at the beginning. So let’s crank up the wayback machine and take a trip some 2.6 million years into our past, to what is now Southern Ethiopia, where one of our craftier ancestors picked up a pair of rocks and used one to chip away at the other until all that remained of the second was a sharp stone flake.8 Eureka! Stone chipping was the birth of tool use, but it was also the birth of subtractive manufacturing, a process of object creation wherein a larger block of material (i.e., a big flat stone) is subtracted from until all that remains is a large pile of debris and the desired object (i.e., the sharpened flake).

Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley From Building a New Global Underclass by Mary L. Gray, Siddharth Suri

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, AlphaGo, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Apollo 13, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, basic income, benefit corporation, Big Tech, big-box store, bitcoin, blue-collar work, business process, business process outsourcing, call centre, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, cloud computing, cognitive load, collaborative consumption, collective bargaining, computer vision, corporate social responsibility, cotton gin, crowdsourcing, data is the new oil, data science, deep learning, DeepMind, deindustrialization, deskilling, digital divide, do well by doing good, do what you love, don't be evil, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, employer provided health coverage, en.wikipedia.org, equal pay for equal work, Erik Brynjolfsson, fake news, financial independence, Frank Levy and Richard Murnane: The New Division of Labor, fulfillment center, future of work, gig economy, glass ceiling, global supply chain, hiring and firing, ImageNet competition, independent contractor, industrial robot, informal economy, information asymmetry, Jeff Bezos, job automation, knowledge economy, low skilled workers, low-wage service sector, machine translation, market friction, Mars Rover, natural language processing, new economy, operational security, passive income, pattern recognition, post-materialism, post-work, power law, race to the bottom, Rana Plaza, recommendation engine, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Coase, scientific management, search costs, Second Machine Age, sentiment analysis, sharing economy, Shoshana Zuboff, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, software as a service, speech recognition, spinning jenny, Stephen Hawking, TED Talk, The Future of Employment, The Nature of the Firm, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, two-sided market, union organizing, universal basic income, Vilfredo Pareto, Wayback Machine, women in the workforce, work culture , Works Progress Administration, Y Combinator, Yochai Benkler

See Jill Frahm, “The Hello Girls: Women Telephone Operators with the American Expeditionary Forces During World War I,” Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 3, no. 3 (2004): 271–93. [back] 26. Some of the source material for this definition is no longer available on the U.S. Department of Labor blog. However, a cached version of a blog post obtained through the Wayback Machine, written by former labor secretary Tom Perez and former commerce secretary Penny Pritzker, serves as a good example of the prevailing ethos for much of the Obama administration that there is a skills gap that needs to be addressed for middle-class people to succeed. However, this is distinct from “middle skill jobs,” which are defined as those that require more education and training than secondary education but less than a four-year university degree.

Solr 1.4 Enterprise Search Server by David Smiley, Eric Pugh

Amazon Web Services, bioinformatics, cloud computing, continuous integration, database schema, domain-specific language, en.wikipedia.org, fault tolerance, Firefox, information retrieval, Ruby on Rails, SQL injection, Wayback Machine, web application, Y Combinator

NW, , Atlanta, , 30327 Integrating Solr Using Heritrix to download artist pages Heritrix is an extremely full featured and extensible web crawler used by the InternetArchive for archiving the contents of the Internet. The InternetArchive is a non-profit organization established to preserve web sites by taking regular snapshots of them. You may be more familiar with the site under the name The Wayback Machine. By looking back at the original indexed version of the Solr homepage taken on January 19th, 2007 at http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://lucene. apache.org/solr, we learn that Solr had just graduated from the Apache Incubator program! Going into the full details of using Heritrix is outside the scope of this book.

Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup by John Carreyrou

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, bioinformatics, corporate governance, Donald Trump, El Camino Real, Elon Musk, fake it until you make it, Google Chrome, John Markoff, Jony Ive, Kickstarter, Larry Ellison, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Mars Rover, medical malpractice, Menlo Park, obamacare, Ponzi scheme, reality distortion field, ride hailing / ride sharing, Right to Buy, Sand Hill Road, Seymour Hersh, Sheryl Sandberg, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, stealth mode startup, Steve Jobs, stock buybacks, supply-chain management, Travis Kalanick, ubercab, Wayback Machine

Young, Elizabeth Holmes, and Jason Gotlib, “Intensive Serial Biomarker Profiling for the Prediction of Neutropenic Fever in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Pilot Study,” Hematology Reports 6 (2014): 5466. In a post on his blog: Clapper’s blog post can be viewed by entering “PathologyBlawg.com” into the Wayback Machine. 19. THE TIP He’d patiently explained to me: John Carreyrou and Janet Adamy, “How Medicare ‘Self-Referral’ Thrives on Loophole,” Wall Street Journal, October 22, 2014. “A chemistry is performed so that”: Ken Auletta, “Blood, Simpler,” New Yorker, December 15, 2014. Sure, Mark Zuckerberg had learned: Jose Antonio Vargas, “The Face of Facebook,” New Yorker, September 20, 2010.

The Smart Wife: Why Siri, Alexa, and Other Smart Home Devices Need a Feminist Reboot by Yolande Strengers, Jenny Kennedy

active measures, Amazon Robotics, Anthropocene, autonomous vehicles, Big Tech, Boston Dynamics, cloud computing, cognitive load, computer vision, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, crowdsourcing, cyber-physical system, data science, deepfake, Donald Trump, emotional labour, en.wikipedia.org, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, feminist movement, game design, gender pay gap, Grace Hopper, hive mind, Ian Bogost, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, Jeff Bezos, John Markoff, Kitchen Debate, knowledge economy, Masayoshi Son, Milgram experiment, Minecraft, natural language processing, Network effects, new economy, pattern recognition, planned obsolescence, precautionary principle, robot derives from the Czech word robota Czech, meaning slave, self-driving car, Shoshana Zuboff, side hustle, side project, Silicon Valley, smart grid, smart meter, social intelligence, SoftBank, Steve Jobs, surveillance capitalism, systems thinking, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, TED Talk, Turing test, Wall-E, Wayback Machine, women in the workforce

Mellor, Feminism and Ecology. 6. Ynestra King, “Healing the Wounds: Feminism, Ecology and Nature/Culture Dualism,” in Reweaving the World: The Emergence of Ecofeminism, ed. Irene Diamond and Gloria Feman Orenstein (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1990), 106. 7. “Jeffrey P. Bezos,” Portfolio.com, archived on the Wayback Machine, February 4, 2009, https://web.archive.org/web/20090204204126/http://www.portfolio.com/resources/executive-profiles/Jeffrey-P-Bezos-1984. 8. Brad Stone, The Everything Store: Jess Bezos and the Age of Amazon (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2013). 9. Stone, Everything Store. 10. “7 Potential Bidders, a Call to Amazon, and an Ultimatum: How the Whole Foods Deal Went Down,” Business Insider, December 30, 2017, https://www.businessinsider.com.au/breaking-it-down-amazon-tough-negotiations-how-the-whole-foods-deal-went-down-2017-12?

Autistic Community and the Neurodiversity Movement: Stories From the Frontline by Steven K. Kapp

Asperger Syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, basic income, book value, butterfly effect, cognitive dissonance, demand response, desegregation, disinformation, Donald Trump, epigenetics, feminist movement, glass ceiling, Internet Archive, Jeremy Corbyn, medical malpractice, meta-analysis, multilevel marketing, neurotypical, New Journalism, pattern recognition, phenotype, randomized controlled trial, selection bias, slashdot, theory of mind, twin studies, universal basic income, Wayback Machine

I began this adventure in middle age at a time when I was beginning to have significant health problems, and aging is no friend of chronic health issues. Eventually I could no longer maintain the website. I put it first into an archived state, trying to preserve what was already there. Unfortunately over time even this has decayed, so that the domain autistics.org currently links to an empty directory and autistics.org lives on only at the wayback machine. I still have the files, and if I have the opportunity I will try to restore them. But I am looking for people who would like to continue what we started. I don’t consider autistics.org dead, and I certainly don’t consider the domain to belong to me personally (as you might imagine I’ve had many offers to buy the name from parent-led charities and commercial entities), but to the autistic community.

The Last Lingua Franca: English Until the Return of Babel by Nicholas Ostler

barriers to entry, BRICs, British Empire, call centre, en.wikipedia.org, European colonialism, Internet Archive, invention of writing, Isaac Newton, language acquisition, machine translation, Machine translation of "The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak." to Russian and back, mass immigration, Nelson Mandela, open economy, precautionary principle, Republic of Letters, Scramble for Africa, statistical model, trade route, upwardly mobile, Wayback Machine

Danzin et al. 1990. 3 . ixa2.si.ehu.es/saltmil/en/activities/workshops/review-by-nicholas-ostler.htm. 4 . These statistics are obtained from “Internet World Stats by Language” (at www.internetworldstats.com/stats7.htm) . 5 . This story was constructed by applying the Internet Archive Wayback machine at www.archive.org to the Google Language Tools site at www.google.com/language_tools. Details of the Babel Fish site are at babelfish.yahoo.com, and of Microsoft Bing Translator at www.microsofttranslator.com. Chapter 12: Under an English Sun, the Shadows Lengthen 1 . Wilson and Purushothaman 2003. 2 .

Apache Solr 3 Enterprise Search Server by Unknown

bioinformatics, business logic, continuous integration, database schema, en.wikipedia.org, fault tolerance, Firefox, full text search, functional programming, information retrieval, natural language processing, performance metric, platform as a service, Ruby on Rails, SQL injection, Wayback Machine, web application

Using Heritrix to download artist pages Heritrix is an extremely full featured and extensible web crawler used by the InternetArchive for archiving the contents of the Internet. The InternetArchive is a non-profit organization established to preserve websites by taking regular snapshots of them. You may be more familiar with the site under the name The Wayback Machine. By looking back at the original indexed version of the Solr homepage taken on January 19th, 2007 at http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://lucene.apache.org/solr, we learn that Solr had just graduated from the Apache Incubator program! Going into the full details of using Heritrix is outside the scope of this book.

The Secret Life of Groceries: The Dark Miracle of the American Supermarket by Benjamin Lorr

activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, barriers to entry, Boeing 747, Brownian motion, carbon footprint, collective bargaining, food miles, Ford Model T, global supply chain, hiring and firing, hive mind, independent contractor, Internet Archive, invention of the wheel, inventory management, Isaac Newton, Kanban, low skilled workers, Mason jar, obamacare, off grid, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, risk tolerance, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, supply-chain management, Toyota Production System, transatlantic slave trade, Upton Sinclair, vertical integration, Wayback Machine, Whole Earth Catalog, women in the workforce

Neither will say a bad word . . . because they won’t even say a single word: All information on Jerome (and Julie’s relationship with him) comes from publicly available news reports and blog posts, from his original attempt to get Slawsa on the shelf, available on the web today, and through the Wayback Machine–Internet Archive. I have elected to change his name in the text because he did not desire to participate in the book and I can’t think of a good reason why including it would strengthen the book. they are made up of ideas that seem special to their creators: Or worse than not special enough, ideas that are too special.

The Metaverse: And How It Will Revolutionize Everything by Matthew Ball

"hyperreality Baudrillard"~20 OR "Baudrillard hyperreality", 3D printing, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, Amazon Web Services, Apple Newton, augmented reality, Big Tech, bitcoin, blockchain, business process, call centre, cloud computing, commoditize, computer vision, COVID-19, cryptocurrency, deepfake, digital divide, digital twin, disintermediation, don't be evil, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, game design, gig economy, Google Chrome, Google Earth, Google Glasses, hype cycle, intermodal, Internet Archive, Internet of things, iterative process, Jeff Bezos, John Gruber, Kevin Roose, Kickstarter, lockdown, Mark Zuckerberg, Metcalfe’s law, Minecraft, minimum viable product, Neal Stephenson, Network effects, new economy, non-fungible token, open economy, openstreetmap, pattern recognition, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer model, Planet Labs, pre–internet, QR code, recommendation engine, rent control, rent-seeking, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robinhood: mobile stock trading app, satellite internet, self-driving car, SETI@home, Silicon Valley, skeuomorphism, Skype, smart contracts, Snapchat, Snow Crash, social graph, social web, SpaceX Starlink, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, thinkpad, TikTok, Tim Cook: Apple, TSMC, undersea cable, Vannevar Bush, vertical integration, Vitalik Buterin, Wayback Machine, Y2K

This is why Blockbuster was able to purchase a $25 VHS tape and then endlessly rent it to its customers without needing to pay royalties to the Hollywood studio that made it, and why you have the right to sell your copy of a book or rip up and restitch a shirt with a copyrighted design. Sources: “Global 500,” Internet Archive Wayback Machine, https://web.archive.org/web/20080828204144/http://specials.ft.com/spdocs/FT3BNS7BW0D.pdf; “Largest Companies by Market Cap,” https://companiesmarketcap.com/. In this book so far, I’ve examined many of the innovations, conventions, and devices required to achieve a flourishing and fully realized Metaverse.

Dreaming in Code: Two Dozen Programmers, Three Years, 4,732 Bugs, and One Quest for Transcendent Software by Scott Rosenberg

A Pattern Language, AOL-Time Warner, Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL), Berlin Wall, Bill Atkinson, c2.com, call centre, collaborative editing, Computer Lib, conceptual framework, continuous integration, Do you want to sell sugared water for the rest of your life?, Donald Knuth, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Hofstadter, Dynabook, en.wikipedia.org, Firefox, Ford Model T, Ford paid five dollars a day, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Free Software Foundation, functional programming, General Magic , George Santayana, Grace Hopper, Guido van Rossum, Gödel, Escher, Bach, Howard Rheingold, HyperCard, index card, intentional community, Internet Archive, inventory management, Ivan Sutherland, Jaron Lanier, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, John von Neumann, knowledge worker, L Peter Deutsch, Larry Wall, life extension, Loma Prieta earthquake, machine readable, Menlo Park, Merlin Mann, Mitch Kapor, Neal Stephenson, new economy, Nicholas Carr, no silver bullet, Norbert Wiener, pattern recognition, Paul Graham, Potemkin village, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, Richard Stallman, Ronald Reagan, Ruby on Rails, scientific management, semantic web, side project, Silicon Valley, Singularitarianism, slashdot, software studies, source of truth, South of Market, San Francisco, speech recognition, stealth mode startup, stem cell, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, Strategic Defense Initiative, Ted Nelson, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, Therac-25, thinkpad, Turing test, VA Linux, Vannevar Bush, Vernor Vinge, Wayback Machine, web application, Whole Earth Catalog, Y2K

“Our head count has been fairly flat”: Mitch Kapor blog posting on August 3, 2003, at http://blogs.osafoundation.org/mitch/000313.htm# 000313. “Do you have any advice for people”: Linus Torvalds, quoted in Linux Times, June 2004. Linux Times has ceased publication. The article used to be at http://www.linuxtimes.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=145 and can be found via the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine at http://web.archive.org/web/20041106193140/ http://www.linuxtimes.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=145. CHAPTER 7 DETAIL VIEW Simple things should be simple: This quotation is widely attributed to Alan Kay. I have been unable to trace its original source. It is also occasionally attributed to Larry Wall.

The Job: The Future of Work in the Modern Era by Ellen Ruppel Shell

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", 3D printing, Abraham Maslow, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, airport security, Albert Einstein, AlphaGo, Amazon Mechanical Turk, basic income, Baxter: Rethink Robotics, big-box store, blue-collar work, Buckminster Fuller, call centre, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, Clayton Christensen, cloud computing, collective bargaining, company town, computer vision, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, data science, deskilling, digital divide, disruptive innovation, do what you love, Donald Trump, Downton Abbey, Elon Musk, emotional labour, Erik Brynjolfsson, factory automation, follow your passion, Frederick Winslow Taylor, future of work, game design, gamification, gentrification, glass ceiling, Glass-Steagall Act, hiring and firing, human-factors engineering, immigration reform, income inequality, independent contractor, industrial research laboratory, industrial robot, invisible hand, It's morning again in America, Jeff Bezos, Jessica Bruder, job automation, job satisfaction, John Elkington, John Markoff, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, Joseph Schumpeter, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, Kodak vs Instagram, labor-force participation, low skilled workers, Lyft, manufacturing employment, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, means of production, move fast and break things, new economy, Norbert Wiener, obamacare, offshore financial centre, Paul Samuelson, precariat, Quicken Loans, Ralph Waldo Emerson, risk tolerance, Robert Gordon, Robert Shiller, Rodney Brooks, Ronald Reagan, scientific management, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, Steve Jobs, stock buybacks, TED Talk, The Chicago School, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thomas L Friedman, Thorstein Veblen, Tim Cook: Apple, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, universal basic income, urban renewal, Wayback Machine, WeWork, white picket fence, working poor, workplace surveillance , Y Combinator, young professional, zero-sum game

Newsweek’s list of the world’s best countries “Interactive Infographic of the World’s Best Countries,” Newsweek, August 15, 2010, https://web.archive.org/​web/​201010300­31732/​www.newsweek.com/​/​2010/​/​08/​/​15/​/​interactive-infographic-of-the-worlds-best-countries.html. Note: the interactivity no longer works but the site is imaged by the Wayback Machine. named second-happiest nation Francesca Levy, “In Depth: The World’s Happiest Countries,” Forbes, July 14, 2010, https://www.forbes.com/​2010/​07/​14/​world-happiest-countries-lifestyle-realestate-gallup_slide_3.html#541c96406dbe. world’s “happiest country”: http://worldha­ppiness.report/.

Click Here to Kill Everybody: Security and Survival in a Hyper-Connected World by Bruce Schneier

23andMe, 3D printing, air gap, algorithmic bias, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, Big Tech, bitcoin, blockchain, Brian Krebs, business process, Citizen Lab, cloud computing, cognitive bias, computer vision, connected car, corporate governance, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, cuban missile crisis, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, David Heinemeier Hansson, disinformation, Donald Trump, driverless car, drone strike, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, end-to-end encryption, fault tolerance, Firefox, Flash crash, George Akerlof, incognito mode, industrial robot, information asymmetry, information security, Internet of things, invention of radio, job automation, job satisfaction, John Gilmore, John Markoff, Kevin Kelly, license plate recognition, loose coupling, market design, medical malpractice, Minecraft, MITM: man-in-the-middle, move fast and break things, national security letter, Network effects, Nick Bostrom, NSO Group, pattern recognition, precautionary principle, printed gun, profit maximization, Ralph Nader, RAND corporation, ransomware, real-name policy, Rodney Brooks, Ross Ulbricht, security theater, self-driving car, Seymour Hersh, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, smart cities, smart transportation, Snapchat, sparse data, Stanislav Petrov, Stephen Hawking, Stuxnet, supply-chain attack, surveillance capitalism, The Market for Lemons, Timothy McVeigh, too big to fail, Uber for X, Unsafe at Any Speed, uranium enrichment, Valery Gerasimov, Wayback Machine, web application, WikiLeaks, Yochai Benkler, zero day

Sanger (28 Apr 2014), “White House details thinking on cybersecurity flaws,” New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/29/us/white-house-details-thinking-on-cybersecurity-gaps.html. 163“The idea that these problems”: Rick Ledgett (7 Aug 2017), “No, the U.S. government should not disclose all vulnerabilities in its possession,” Lawfare, https://www.lawfareblog.com/no-us-government-should-not-disclose-all-vulnerabilities-its-possession. 164Some are what the NSA calls “NOBUS”: Andrea Peterson (4 Oct 2013), “Why everyone is left less secure when the NSA doesn’t help fix security flaws,” Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2013/10/04/why-everyone-is-left-less-secure-when-the-nsa-doesnt-help-fix-security-flaws. 164If a vulnerability is NOBUS: Lily Hay Newman (16 Jun 2017), “Why governments won’t let go of secret software bugs,” Wired, https://www.wired.com/2017/05/governments-wont-let-go-secret-software-bugs. 164In 2014, then–White House cybersecurity coordinator: Michael Daniel (28 Apr 2014), “Heartbleed: Understanding when we disclose cyber vulnerabilities,” Office of the President of the United States, http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2014/04/28/heart bleed-understanding-when-we-disclose-cyber-vulnerabilities. 164In 2016, the official, heavily redacted: Andrew Crocker (19 Jan 2016), “EFF pries more information on zero days from the government’s grasp,” Electronic Frontier Foundation, https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2016/01/eff-pries-more-transparency-zero-days-governments-grasp. 164In 2017, new cybersecurity coordinator: [Office of the President of the United States] (15 Nov 2017), “Vulnerabilities equities policy and process for the United States government,” https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/images/External%20-%20Unclassified%20VEP%20Charter%20FINAL.PDF. Rob Joyce (15 Nov 2017), “Improving and making the vulnerability equities process transparent is the right thing to do,” Wayback Machine, https://web.archive.org/web/20171115151504/https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2017/11/15/improving-and-making-vulnerability-equities-process-transparent-right-thing-do. 164For example, ETERNALBLUE: Ellen Nakashima and Craig Timberg (16 May 2017), “NSA officials worried about the day its potent hacking tool would get loose.

The Case for Space: How the Revolution in Spaceflight Opens Up a Future of Limitless Possibility by Robert Zubrin

Ada Lovelace, Albert Einstein, anthropic principle, Apollo 11, battle of ideas, Boeing 747, Charles Babbage, Charles Lindbergh, Colonization of Mars, complexity theory, cosmic microwave background, cosmological principle, Dennis Tito, discovery of DNA, double helix, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, flex fuel, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, gravity well, if you build it, they will come, Internet Archive, invisible hand, ITER tokamak, James Webb Space Telescope, Jeff Bezos, Johannes Kepler, John von Neumann, Kim Stanley Robinson, Kuiper Belt, low earth orbit, Mars Rover, Mars Society, Menlo Park, more computing power than Apollo, Naomi Klein, nuclear winter, ocean acidification, off grid, out of africa, Peter H. Diamandis: Planetary Resources, Peter Thiel, place-making, Pluto: dwarf planet, private spaceflight, Recombinant DNA, rising living standards, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, SoftBank, SpaceX Starlink, Strategic Defense Initiative, Stuart Kauffman, telerobotics, Thomas Malthus, three-masted sailing ship, time dilation, transcontinental railway, uranium enrichment, Virgin Galactic, Wayback Machine

Ingersoll, “Indianapolis Speech, 1876: Delivered to the Veteran Soldiers of the Rebellion,” https://infidels.org/library/historical/robert_ingersoll/indianapolis_speech76.html (accessed November 6, 2018). CHAPTER 13. FOR THE FUTURE 1. Quoted in “Konstantin Tsiolkovsky,” URANOS, http://web.archive.org/web/20060421175318/http://www.uranos.eu.org/biogr/ciolke.html (accessed November 6, 2018, via Internet Archive WayBack Machine). 2. Jules Verne, From the Earth to the Moon, trans. Lowell Bair (New York: Bantam, 1993). 3. Vladimir I. Vernadsky, Scientific Thought as a Planetary Phenomenon (Moscow: Nongovernmental Ecological V. I. Vernadsky Foundation, 1997), http://vernadsky.name/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Scientific-thought-as-a-planetary-phenomenon-V.I2.pdf (accessed November 26, 2018).

The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generation for Failure by Greg Lukianoff, Jonathan Haidt

AltaVista, Bernie Sanders, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, Black Swan, Cambridge Analytica, cognitive dissonance, correlation does not imply causation, demographic transition, Donald Trump, fake news, Ferguson, Missouri, Filter Bubble, helicopter parent, Herbert Marcuse, hygiene hypothesis, income inequality, Internet Archive, Isaac Newton, low skilled workers, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, mass incarceration, means of production, microaggression, moral panic, Nelson Mandela, Ralph Nader, risk tolerance, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, Social Justice Warrior, Steven Pinker, TED Talk, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, traumatic brain injury, Unsafe at Any Speed, Wayback Machine

Child Trends Databank. (2016, November). Infant, child, and teen mortality. Retrieved from https://www.childtrends.org/indicators/infant-child-and-teen-mortality 14. Gopnik (2016); see n. 10. 15. Office of Equity Concerns. (2014). Support resources for faculty. Oberlin College & Conservatory [via Wayback Machine internet Archive]. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20131222174936 [inactive] 16. Haslam (2016). 17. American Psychiatric Association. (n.d.). DSM history. Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/history-of-the-dsm 18. Friedman, M. J. (2007, January 31).

Producing Open Source Software: How to Run a Successful Free Software Project by Karl Fogel

active measures, AGPL, barriers to entry, Benjamin Mako Hill, collaborative editing, continuous integration, Contributor License Agreement, corporate governance, Debian, Donald Knuth, en.wikipedia.org, experimental subject, Firefox, Free Software Foundation, GnuPG, Hacker Ethic, Hacker News, intentional community, Internet Archive, iterative process, Kickstarter, natural language processing, off-by-one error, patent troll, peer-to-peer, pull request, revision control, Richard Stallman, selection bias, slashdot, software as a service, software patent, SpamAssassin, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, Wayback Machine, web application, zero-sum game

The project's primary funder, because of its deep involvement and obvious concern over the directions the project takes, presents a wider target than most. By being scrupulous to observe all project guidelines right from the start, the funder makes itself the same size as everyone else. (See also Danese Cooper's blog post, preserved in the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine at web.archive.org/web/20050227033105/http://blogs.sun.com/roller/page/DaneseCooper/20040916, for a similar story about commit access. Cooper was then Sun Microsystem's "Open Source Diva"—I believe that was her official title—and in the blog entry, she describes how the Tomcat development community got Sun to hold its own developers to the same commit-access standards as the non-Sun developers.)

The Coke Machine: The Dirty Truth Behind the World's Favorite Soft Drink by Michael Blanding

"World Economic Forum" Davos, An Inconvenient Truth, carbon footprint, classic study, clean water, collective bargaining, corporate social responsibility, Exxon Valdez, Gordon Gekko, Internet Archive, laissez-faire capitalism, market design, military-industrial complex, MITM: man-in-the-middle, Naomi Klein, Nelson Mandela, New Journalism, Pepsi Challenge, Ponzi scheme, profit motive, Ralph Nader, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, stock buybacks, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, union organizing, Upton Sinclair, Wayback Machine

In the Philippines, the union’s battle against Coke has been led by an affiliate of the International Union of Food and Allied Workers (IUF); for more information, see for instance “Outsourced Coca-Cola Philippines Workers Fight for Regularization” (May 28, 2008), on the IUF website, http://www .iuf.org/cgi-bin/dbman/db.cgi?db=default&uid=default&ID=5064&view_records=1&en=1. Page 261 31 percent of Coke workers in Colombia: Cokefacts.org website, June 22, 2004 (accessed through “Wayback Machine,” web.archive.org); Sarah Greenblatt, “Coca-Cola War Escalates at Rutgers,” Home News Tribune (East Brunswick, NJ), May 2, 2004. Page 261 that rate applied only to official employees: See Killer Coke News Bulletin, August 31, 2005, http://www.Killercoke.org/nb0831.htm. Page 262 Worker Rights Consortium: Liza Featherstone and United Students Against Sweat­ shops, Students Against Sweatshops (New York: Verso, 2002).

Rule Britannia: Brexit and the End of Empire by Danny Dorling, Sally Tomlinson

3D printing, Ada Lovelace, Alfred Russel Wallace, anti-communist, anti-globalists, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Boris Johnson, Brexit referendum, British Empire, Bullingdon Club, Cambridge Analytica, centre right, colonial rule, Corn Laws, correlation does not imply causation, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, deindustrialization, disinformation, Dominic Cummings, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, electricity market, en.wikipedia.org, epigenetics, Etonian, falling living standards, Flynn Effect, gentrification, housing crisis, illegal immigration, imperial preference, income inequality, inflation targeting, invisible hand, Jeremy Corbyn, knowledge economy, market fundamentalism, mass immigration, megacity, New Urbanism, Nick Leeson, North Sea oil, offshore financial centre, out of africa, Right to Buy, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, South China Sea, sovereign wealth fund, spinning jenny, Steven Pinker, Suez canal 1869, Suez crisis 1956, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, University of East Anglia, Wayback Machine, We are the 99%, wealth creators

Cecil Rhodes’s vision in founding the Scholarship was to develop outstanding leaders who would be motivated to fight ‘the world’s fight’ and to ‘esteem the performance of public duties as their highest aim’, and to promote international understanding and peace.24 Ironically, given all the rhetoric about not rewriting history, that particular little bit of history has now been deleted from the Rhodes Trust website. However, the endnote attached to the quote above gives the wayback machine web reference to let you see how the page was edited during 2017 and 2018. It is, of course, encouraging that whoever was in charge of the website in 2017 realised that talking about Rhodes’s vision as something to emulate was perhaps misguided. To find Rhodes’s true intentions, you need to read his 1877 Confession of Faith,25 in which he explained: ‘It is our duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we should keep this one idea steadily before our eyes that more territory simply means more of the Anglo-Saxon race, more of the best, the most human, most honourable race the world possesses.’

The Attention Merchants: The Epic Scramble to Get Inside Our Heads by Tim Wu

1960s counterculture, Aaron Swartz, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, AltaVista, Andrew Keen, anti-communist, AOL-Time Warner, Apple II, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, barriers to entry, Bob Geldof, borderless world, Brownian motion, Burning Man, Cass Sunstein, citizen journalism, colonial rule, content marketing, cotton gin, data science, do well by doing good, East Village, future of journalism, George Gilder, Golden age of television, Golden Gate Park, Googley, Gordon Gekko, Herbert Marcuse, housing crisis, informal economy, Internet Archive, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, John Perry Barlow, Live Aid, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, McMansion, mirror neurons, Nate Silver, Neal Stephenson, Network effects, Nicholas Carr, Pepsi Challenge, placebo effect, Plato's cave, post scarcity, race to the bottom, road to serfdom, Saturday Night Live, science of happiness, self-driving car, side project, Silicon Valley, Skinner box, slashdot, Snapchat, Snow Crash, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Ted Nelson, telemarketer, the built environment, The Chicago School, the scientific method, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, Tim Cook: Apple, Torches of Freedom, Upton Sinclair, upwardly mobile, Virgin Galactic, Wayback Machine, white flight, Yochai Benkler, zero-sum game

Fisher, “Microsoft Proves Even Stronger than Wall Street Had Expected,” New York Times, October 22, 1996, http://www.nytimes.com/​1996/​10/​22/​business/​microsoft-proves-even-stronger-than-wall-street-had-expected.html. 2. While the full text of the essay is no longer available on the Microsoft website, a copy of the text can be found as reproduced by Wayback Machine (Internet Archive) at Bill Gates, “Content Is King,” January 3, 1996, http://web.archive.org/​web/​20010126005200/​http://www.microsoft.com/​billgates/​columns/​1996essay/​essay960103.asp. 3. “Content Is King.” 4. The satellite campus, known as “Red West,” ultimately shifted its focus back to developing “ubiquitous, utilitarian” products with the eventual failure of MSN.

Science Fictions: How Fraud, Bias, Negligence, and Hype Undermine the Search for Truth by Stuart Ritchie

Albert Einstein, anesthesia awareness, autism spectrum disorder, Bayesian statistics, Black Lives Matter, Carmen Reinhart, Cass Sunstein, Charles Babbage, citation needed, Climatic Research Unit, cognitive dissonance, complexity theory, coronavirus, correlation does not imply causation, COVID-19, crowdsourcing, data science, deindustrialization, Donald Trump, double helix, en.wikipedia.org, epigenetics, Estimating the Reproducibility of Psychological Science, fake news, Goodhart's law, Growth in a Time of Debt, Helicobacter pylori, Higgs boson, hype cycle, Kenneth Rogoff, l'esprit de l'escalier, Large Hadron Collider, meta-analysis, microbiome, Milgram experiment, mouse model, New Journalism, ocean acidification, p-value, phenotype, placebo effect, profit motive, publication bias, publish or perish, quantum entanglement, race to the bottom, randomized controlled trial, recommendation engine, rent-seeking, replication crisis, Richard Thaler, risk tolerance, Ronald Reagan, Scientific racism, selection bias, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, social distancing, Stanford prison experiment, statistical model, stem cell, Steven Pinker, TED Talk, Thomas Bayes, twin studies, Tyler Cowen, University of East Anglia, Wayback Machine

Elmo on apples: Brian Wansink et al., ‘Can Branding Improve School Lunches?’, Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 166, no. 10 (1 Oct. 2012): 967–68; https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.999 46.  The post has since been deleted, but the internet never forgets, and you can still access it using the Wayback Machine: http://web.archive.org/web/20170312041524/http://www.brianwansink.com/phd-advice/the-grad-student-who-never-said-no 47.  Christie Aschwanden, ‘We’re All “P-Hacking” Now’, Wired, 26 Nov. 2019; https://www.wired.com/story/were-all-p-hacking-now/ 48.  Joseph P. Simmons et al., ‘False-Positive Psychology: Undisclosed Flexibility in Data Collection and Analysis Allows Presenting Anything as Significant’, Psychological Science 22, no. 11 (Nov. 2011): pp. 1359–66; https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611417632 49.  

The Finance Curse: How Global Finance Is Making Us All Poorer by Nicholas Shaxson

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Airbnb, airline deregulation, Alan Greenspan, anti-communist, bank run, banking crisis, Basel III, Bear Stearns, benefit corporation, Bernie Madoff, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Blythe Masters, Boris Johnson, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business climate, business cycle, capital controls, carried interest, Cass Sunstein, Celtic Tiger, central bank independence, centre right, Clayton Christensen, cloud computing, corporate governance, corporate raider, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, cross-subsidies, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, demographic dividend, Deng Xiaoping, desegregation, Donald Trump, Etonian, export processing zone, failed state, fake news, falling living standards, family office, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial innovation, forensic accounting, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, gig economy, Gini coefficient, Glass-Steagall Act, global supply chain, Global Witness, high net worth, Ida Tarbell, income inequality, index fund, invisible hand, Jeff Bezos, junk bonds, Kickstarter, land value tax, late capitalism, light touch regulation, London Whale, Long Term Capital Management, low skilled workers, manufacturing employment, Mark Zuckerberg, Martin Wolf, megaproject, Michael Milken, Money creation, Mont Pelerin Society, moral hazard, neoliberal agenda, Network effects, new economy, Northern Rock, offshore financial centre, old-boy network, out of africa, Paul Samuelson, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, price mechanism, proprietary trading, purchasing power parity, pushing on a string, race to the bottom, regulatory arbitrage, rent-seeking, road to serfdom, Robert Bork, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, seminal paper, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart grid, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, South Sea Bubble, sovereign wealth fund, special economic zone, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, stock buybacks, Suez crisis 1956, The Chicago School, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, Tragedy of the Commons, transfer pricing, two and twenty, vertical integration, Wayback Machine, wealth creators, white picket fence, women in the workforce, zero-sum game

Another reason for the low tax haul is not a loophole but the fact that a substantial amount of inherited wealth is in small enough individual sums to not incur top tax rates. 5. See ‘Review of the operation of the Council Directive 2003/48/EC on taxation of income from savings. Response to questions posed in the working document of the expert group on taxation of savings’, Society of Trust and Estate Practitioners, undated, available on Wayback machine, 9 March 2016. It said, ‘It would appear difficult to draft practicable trust-related amendments to the Savings Directive of the kind referred to in the Working Document which would be “litigation-proof”. Beneficiaries of discretionary trusts do not own trust property until it is distributed to them, nor do they control anything.’ 6.

Data and Goliath: The Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World by Bruce Schneier

23andMe, Airbnb, airport security, AltaVista, Anne Wojcicki, AOL-Time Warner, augmented reality, behavioural economics, Benjamin Mako Hill, Black Swan, Boris Johnson, Brewster Kahle, Brian Krebs, call centre, Cass Sunstein, Chelsea Manning, citizen journalism, Citizen Lab, cloud computing, congestion charging, data science, digital rights, disintermediation, drone strike, Eben Moglen, Edward Snowden, end-to-end encryption, Evgeny Morozov, experimental subject, failed state, fault tolerance, Ferguson, Missouri, Filter Bubble, Firefox, friendly fire, Google Chrome, Google Glasses, heat death of the universe, hindsight bias, informal economy, information security, Internet Archive, Internet of things, Jacob Appelbaum, James Bridle, Jaron Lanier, John Gilmore, John Markoff, Julian Assange, Kevin Kelly, Laura Poitras, license plate recognition, lifelogging, linked data, Lyft, Mark Zuckerberg, moral panic, Nash equilibrium, Nate Silver, national security letter, Network effects, Occupy movement, operational security, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, payday loans, pre–internet, price discrimination, profit motive, race to the bottom, RAND corporation, real-name policy, recommendation engine, RFID, Ross Ulbricht, satellite internet, self-driving car, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, smart grid, Snapchat, social graph, software as a service, South China Sea, sparse data, stealth mode startup, Steven Levy, Stuxnet, TaskRabbit, technological determinism, telemarketer, Tim Cook: Apple, transaction costs, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, undersea cable, unit 8200, urban planning, Wayback Machine, WikiLeaks, workplace surveillance , Yochai Benkler, yottabyte, zero day

Historically, governments have collected all sorts of data about the past. In the McCarthy era, for example, the government used political party registrations, subscriptions to magazines, and testimonies from friends, neighbors, family, and colleagues to gather data on people. The difference now is that the capability is more like a Wayback Machine: the data is more complete and far cheaper to get, and the technology has evolved to enable sophisticated historical analysis. For example, in recent years Credit Suisse, Standard Chartered Bank, and BNP Paribas all admitted to violating laws prohibiting money transfer to sanctioned groups. They deliberately altered transactions to evade algorithmic surveillance and detection by “OFAC filters”—that’s the Office of Foreign Assets Control within the Department of the Treasury.

After Steve: How Apple Became a Trillion-Dollar Company and Lost Its Soul by Tripp Mickle

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Airbnb, airport security, Apple II, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, banking crisis, Boeing 747, British Empire, business intelligence, Carl Icahn, Clayton Christensen, commoditize, coronavirus, corporate raider, COVID-19, desegregation, digital map, disruptive innovation, Donald Trump, Downton Abbey, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, Frank Gehry, General Magic , global pandemic, global supply chain, haute couture, imposter syndrome, index fund, Internet Archive, inventory management, invisible hand, John Markoff, Jony Ive, Kickstarter, Larry Ellison, lateral thinking, Mark Zuckerberg, market design, megacity, Murano, Venice glass, Ralph Waldo Emerson, self-driving car, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, skeuomorphism, Stephen Fry, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, stock buybacks, Superbowl ad, supply-chain management, thinkpad, Tim Cook: Apple, Tony Fadell, Travis Kalanick, turn-by-turn navigation, Wayback Machine, WikiLeaks, Y2K

The camera design took more: Goldberger, “Designing Men.” In weekly meetings: “Apple Unveils Apple Watch—Apple’s Most Personal Device Ever,” Apple, September 9, 2014, https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2014/09/09Apple-Unveils-Apple-Watch-Apples-Most-Personal-Device-Ever/. Ultimately, he chose: Apple Watch marketing site, April 30, 2015, via Wayback Machine—Internet Archive, https://web.archive.org/web/20150430052623/http://www.apple.com/watch/apple-watch/. A similar process played out: The Apptionary, “Full March 9, 2015, Apple Keynote Apple Watch, Macbook 2015,” YouTube, March 9, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2wJsHWSafc; Benjamin Clymer, “Apple, Influence, and Ive,” Hodinkee Magazine, vol. 2, https://www.hodinkee.com/magazine/jony-ive-apple.

Fancy Bear Goes Phishing: The Dark History of the Information Age, in Five Extraordinary Hacks by Scott J. Shapiro

3D printing, 4chan, active measures, address space layout randomization, air gap, Airbnb, Alan Turing: On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem, availability heuristic, Bernie Sanders, bitcoin, blockchain, borderless world, Brian Krebs, business logic, call centre, carbon tax, Cass Sunstein, cellular automata, cloud computing, cognitive dissonance, commoditize, Compatible Time-Sharing System, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, coronavirus, COVID-19, CRISPR, cryptocurrency, cyber-physical system, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, Debian, Dennis Ritchie, disinformation, Donald Trump, double helix, Dr. Strangelove, dumpster diving, Edward Snowden, en.wikipedia.org, Evgeny Morozov, evil maid attack, facts on the ground, false flag, feminist movement, Gabriella Coleman, gig economy, Hacker News, independent contractor, information security, Internet Archive, Internet of things, invisible hand, John Markoff, John von Neumann, Julian Assange, Ken Thompson, Larry Ellison, Laura Poitras, Linda problem, loss aversion, macro virus, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, meta-analysis, Minecraft, Morris worm, Multics, PalmPilot, Paul Graham, pirate software, pre–internet, QWERTY keyboard, Ralph Nader, RAND corporation, ransomware, Reflections on Trusting Trust, Richard Stallman, Richard Thaler, Ronald Reagan, Satoshi Nakamoto, security theater, Shoshana Zuboff, side hustle, Silicon Valley, Skype, SoftBank, SQL injection, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stuxnet, supply-chain attack, surveillance capitalism, systems thinking, TaskRabbit, tech billionaire, tech worker, technological solutionism, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, the new new thing, the payments system, Turing machine, Turing test, Unsafe at Any Speed, vertical integration, Von Neumann architecture, Wargames Reagan, WarGames: Global Thermonuclear War, Wayback Machine, web application, WikiLeaks, winner-take-all economy, young professional, zero day, éminence grise

See Krebs, “Who Is Anna-Senpai?” fourth attack on the Rutgers: Kelly Heyboer, “Who Hacked Rutgers: University Spending up to $3M to Stop Next Cyber Attack,” NJ.Com, August 23, 2015, https://www.nj.com/education/2015/08/who_hacked_rutgers_university_spending_up_to_3m_to.html. ProTraf Solutions: According to the Wayback Machine, ProTraf Solutions had a Web presence on March 4, 2015, the date of the second DDoS attack. See pweb .archive.org/web/20150304050230/http://www.ProTrafsolutions.com/clientarea.php. ProTraf over Incapsula: Krebs, “Who Is Anna-Senpai?” the only provider: See, e.g., Federico Varese, Mafias on the Move: How Organized Crime Conquers New Territory (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011).

The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values by Brian Christian

Albert Einstein, algorithmic bias, Alignment Problem, AlphaGo, Amazon Mechanical Turk, artificial general intelligence, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, backpropagation, butterfly effect, Cambridge Analytica, Cass Sunstein, Claude Shannon: information theory, computer vision, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, data science, deep learning, DeepMind, Donald Knuth, Douglas Hofstadter, effective altruism, Elaine Herzberg, Elon Musk, Frances Oldham Kelsey, game design, gamification, Geoffrey Hinton, Goodhart's law, Google Chrome, Google Glasses, Google X / Alphabet X, Gödel, Escher, Bach, Hans Moravec, hedonic treadmill, ImageNet competition, industrial robot, Internet Archive, John von Neumann, Joi Ito, Kenneth Arrow, language acquisition, longitudinal study, machine translation, mandatory minimum, mass incarceration, multi-armed bandit, natural language processing, Nick Bostrom, Norbert Wiener, Northpointe / Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions, OpenAI, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, pattern recognition, Peter Singer: altruism, Peter Thiel, precautionary principle, premature optimization, RAND corporation, recommendation engine, Richard Feynman, Rodney Brooks, Saturday Night Live, selection bias, self-driving car, seminal paper, side project, Silicon Valley, Skinner box, sparse data, speech recognition, Stanislav Petrov, statistical model, Steve Jobs, strong AI, the map is not the territory, theory of mind, Tim Cook: Apple, W. E. B. Du Bois, Wayback Machine, zero-sum game

The estimate used here is 252 faces of Black women, arrived at by multiplying the proportion of women in the dataset (2,975/13,233) by the proportion of Black individuals in the dataset (1,122/13,233); numbers from Han and Jain. 45. See Labeled Faces in the Wild, http://vis-www.cs.umass.edu/lfw/. According to the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine, the disclaimer appeared between September 3 and October 6, 2019. 46. Klare et al., “Pushing the Frontiers of Unconstrained Face Detection and Recognition.” 47. Buolamwini and Gebru, “Gender Shades.” 48. The dataset was designed to contain roughly equal proportions of all six skin-tone categories as measured by the dermatological “Fitzpatrick scale.”

The Future of Money: How the Digital Revolution Is Transforming Currencies and Finance by Eswar S. Prasad

access to a mobile phone, Adam Neumann (WeWork), Airbnb, algorithmic trading, altcoin, bank run, barriers to entry, Bear Stearns, Ben Bernanke: helicopter money, Bernie Madoff, Big Tech, bitcoin, Bitcoin Ponzi scheme, Bletchley Park, blockchain, Bretton Woods, business intelligence, buy and hold, capital controls, carbon footprint, cashless society, central bank independence, cloud computing, coronavirus, COVID-19, Credit Default Swap, cross-border payments, cryptocurrency, deglobalization, democratizing finance, disintermediation, distributed ledger, diversified portfolio, Dogecoin, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, eurozone crisis, fault tolerance, fiat currency, financial engineering, financial independence, financial innovation, financial intermediation, Flash crash, floating exchange rates, full employment, gamification, gig economy, Glass-Steagall Act, global reserve currency, index fund, inflation targeting, informal economy, information asymmetry, initial coin offering, Internet Archive, Jeff Bezos, Kenneth Rogoff, Kickstarter, light touch regulation, liquidity trap, litecoin, lockdown, loose coupling, low interest rates, Lyft, M-Pesa, machine readable, Mark Zuckerberg, Masayoshi Son, mobile money, Money creation, money market fund, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, Network effects, new economy, offshore financial centre, open economy, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, PalmPilot, passive investing, payday loans, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer lending, Peter Thiel, Ponzi scheme, price anchoring, profit motive, QR code, quantitative easing, quantum cryptography, RAND corporation, random walk, Real Time Gross Settlement, regulatory arbitrage, rent-seeking, reserve currency, ride hailing / ride sharing, risk tolerance, risk/return, Robinhood: mobile stock trading app, robo advisor, Ross Ulbricht, Salesforce, Satoshi Nakamoto, seigniorage, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, smart contracts, SoftBank, special drawing rights, the payments system, too big to fail, transaction costs, uber lyft, unbanked and underbanked, underbanked, Vision Fund, Vitalik Buterin, Wayback Machine, WeWork, wikimedia commons, Y Combinator, zero-sum game

See Mallory Pickett, “One Swede Will Kill Cash Forever—Unless His Foe Saves It From Extinction,” Wired, May 8, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/05/sweden-cashless-economy/. For Björn Ulvaeus’s manifesto, which can now be found only on an archived version of the museum’s website, see http://www.abbathemuseum.com/en/cashless-EN (May 9, 2013, version on the Wayback Machine internet archive at https://archive.org/web/). Björn Eriksson’s views are described in Maddy Savage, “Why Sweden Is Close to Becoming a Cashless Economy,” BBC News, September 11, 2017, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-41095004. The 2013 attempted bank robbery in Stockholm is reported in Ann Törnkvist, “Man Tries to Rob Cashless Swedish Bank,” Local, April 22, 2013, https://www.thelocal.se/20130422/47484.

The Signal and the Noise: Why So Many Predictions Fail-But Some Don't by Nate Silver

airport security, Alan Greenspan, Alvin Toffler, An Inconvenient Truth, availability heuristic, Bayesian statistics, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Benoit Mandelbrot, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, big-box store, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Black Swan, Boeing 747, book value, Broken windows theory, business cycle, buy and hold, Carmen Reinhart, Charles Babbage, classic study, Claude Shannon: information theory, Climategate, Climatic Research Unit, cognitive dissonance, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collateralized debt obligation, complexity theory, computer age, correlation does not imply causation, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, cuban missile crisis, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, disinformation, diversification, Donald Trump, Edmond Halley, Edward Lorenz: Chaos theory, en.wikipedia.org, equity premium, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, everywhere but in the productivity statistics, fear of failure, Fellow of the Royal Society, Ford Model T, Freestyle chess, fudge factor, Future Shock, George Akerlof, global pandemic, Goodhart's law, haute cuisine, Henri Poincaré, high batting average, housing crisis, income per capita, index fund, information asymmetry, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet Archive, invention of the printing press, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, James Watt: steam engine, Japanese asset price bubble, John Bogle, John Nash: game theory, John von Neumann, Kenneth Rogoff, knowledge economy, Laplace demon, locking in a profit, Loma Prieta earthquake, market bubble, Mikhail Gorbachev, Moneyball by Michael Lewis explains big data, Monroe Doctrine, mortgage debt, Nate Silver, negative equity, new economy, Norbert Wiener, Oklahoma City bombing, PageRank, pattern recognition, pets.com, Phillips curve, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Plato's cave, power law, prediction markets, Productivity paradox, proprietary trading, public intellectual, random walk, Richard Thaler, Robert Shiller, Robert Solow, Rodney Brooks, Ronald Reagan, Saturday Night Live, savings glut, security theater, short selling, SimCity, Skype, statistical model, Steven Pinker, The Great Moderation, The Market for Lemons, the scientific method, The Signal and the Noise by Nate Silver, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thomas Bayes, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Timothy McVeigh, too big to fail, transaction costs, transfer pricing, University of East Anglia, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, Wayback Machine, wikimedia commons

“The Chip vs. the Chessmaster,” Nova (documentary), March 26, 1991. 17. Garry Kasparov, “The Chess Master and the Computer,” New York Review of Books, February 11, 2010. http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2010/feb/11/the-chess-master-and-the-computer/. 18. “Frequently Asked Questions: Deep Blue;” IBM Research via Internet Archive WayBack Machine beta. http://web.archive.org/web/20071028124110/http://www.research.ibm.com/deepblue/meet/html/d.3.3a.shtml#difficult. 19. Chess Opening Explorer, chessgames.com. http://www.chessgames.com/perl/explorer. 20. Murray Campbell, A. Joseph Hoane Jr., and Feng-hsiung Hsu, “Deep Blue,” sjeng.org, August 1, 2001. http://sjeng.org/ftp/deepblue.pdf. 21.

Engineering Security by Peter Gutmann

active measures, address space layout randomization, air gap, algorithmic trading, Amazon Web Services, Asperger Syndrome, bank run, barriers to entry, bitcoin, Brian Krebs, business process, call centre, card file, cloud computing, cognitive bias, cognitive dissonance, cognitive load, combinatorial explosion, Credit Default Swap, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, Debian, domain-specific language, Donald Davies, Donald Knuth, double helix, Dr. Strangelove, Dunning–Kruger effect, en.wikipedia.org, endowment effect, false flag, fault tolerance, Firefox, fundamental attribution error, George Akerlof, glass ceiling, GnuPG, Google Chrome, Hacker News, information security, iterative process, Jacob Appelbaum, Jane Jacobs, Jeff Bezos, John Conway, John Gilmore, John Markoff, John von Neumann, Ken Thompson, Kickstarter, lake wobegon effect, Laplace demon, linear programming, litecoin, load shedding, MITM: man-in-the-middle, Multics, Network effects, nocebo, operational security, Paradox of Choice, Parkinson's law, pattern recognition, peer-to-peer, Pierre-Simon Laplace, place-making, post-materialism, QR code, quantum cryptography, race to the bottom, random walk, recommendation engine, RFID, risk tolerance, Robert Metcalfe, rolling blackouts, Ruby on Rails, Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, Satoshi Nakamoto, security theater, semantic web, seminal paper, Skype, slashdot, smart meter, social intelligence, speech recognition, SQL injection, statistical model, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, Stuxnet, sunk-cost fallacy, supply-chain attack, telemarketer, text mining, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Market for Lemons, the payments system, Therac-25, too big to fail, Tragedy of the Commons, Turing complete, Turing machine, Turing test, Wayback Machine, web application, web of trust, x509 certificate, Y2K, zero day, Zimmermann PGP

With a bit if tuning, such parasitic web pages can be detected with better than 99% accuracy 78 Although these two display identically, they are in fact different character strings. Security through Diversity 325 [140][141]. A variation of this might be to use the Wayback Machine to see how a particular site looked a few months ago and whether there’s at least a general similarity to what’s there now (the downside to this is that Wayback Machine lookups can be rather slow, the Google cache is faster but doesn’t provide the same level of control over date ranges that Wayback does). Obviously you can apply standard performance-optimisation techniques to this potentially slow process (and others that could end up stalling processing) by performing opportunistic lookups for links on the current page, performing backgrounds lookups as the page is loading and being rendered, cacheing the results of previous lookups, and adding a dead-man timer if the results take too long to arrive.

My Boring-Ass Life: The Uncomfortably Candid Diary of Kevin Smith by Kevin Smith

An Inconvenient Truth, back-to-the-land, British Empire, Burning Man, Dr. Strangelove, fake news, fulfillment center, G4S, Kickstarter, mutually assured destruction, post-work, pre–internet, Saturday Night Live, Silicon Valley, Wall-E, Wayback Machine

Crackpot With Too Much Free Time — Nikki Finke Editorial Note: When I use the term “Crackpot”, I am in no way, shape or form implying that this old Hollywood warhorse is crazy. I would never say Nikki Finke is crazy. Never. (http://gawker.com/news/los-angeles/correction-nikki-finke-is-not-crazy-184254.php) The WayBack Machine Wednesday 2 August 2006 @ 4:57 p.m. I celebrated my twenty-first birthday unceremoniously by working the two to ten-thirty shift at Quick Stop. I was single then, having recently severed ties with Kim Loughran, my high school sweetheart. She was home from college for the summer, and I’d spent most of that June trying to get our relationship back on a track I’d felt her tenure at Carnegie Mellon had disrupted.