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Mastering Ethereum: Building Smart Contracts and DApps by Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Gavin Wood Ph. D.

air gap, Amazon Web Services, bitcoin, blockchain, business logic, continuous integration, cryptocurrency, Debian, digital divide, Dogecoin, domain-specific language, don't repeat yourself, Edward Snowden, en.wikipedia.org, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, fault tolerance, fiat currency, Firefox, functional programming, Google Chrome, information security, initial coin offering, intangible asset, Internet of things, litecoin, machine readable, move fast and break things, node package manager, non-fungible token, peer-to-peer, Ponzi scheme, prediction markets, pull request, QR code, Ruby on Rails, Satoshi Nakamoto, sealed-bid auction, sharing economy, side project, smart contracts, transaction costs, Turing complete, Turing machine, Vickrey auction, Vitalik Buterin, web application, WebSocket

-Decentralized Message Communications Protocols Ethereum as platform for, From General-Purpose Blockchains to Decentralized Applications (DApps) frontend (web user interface), Frontend (Web User Interface) IPFS and, IPFS Swarm and, Swarm web3 and, The Third Age of the Internet data authentication, oracles and, Data Authentication data field, Transaction Value and Data-Transmitting Value to EOAs and Contracts data mapping, ERC20 data structures data payload, transmitting to EOAs and contracts, Transmitting a Data Payload to an EOA or Contract-Transmitting a Data Payload to an EOA or Contract data storageDApps and, Data Storage IPFS, IPFS Swarm, Swarm decentralized applications (see DApps) Decentralized Autonomous Organization (see DAO) declarative programming, Introduction to Ethereum High-Level Languages decorators, Vyper, Decorators deedand ERC721 non-fungible token standard, ERC721: Non-fungible Token (Deed) Standard-ERC721: Non-fungible Token (Deed) Standard as ENS top layer, Top Layer: The Deeds Auction DApp and, A Basic DApp Example: Auction DApp defined, Quick Glossary, ERC721: Non-fungible Token (Deed) Standard default function (see fallback function) default visibility specifier security problem, Default Visibilities-Real-World Example: Parity Multisig Wallet (First Hack)preventative techniques, Preventative Techniques real world example: Parity Multisig Wallet hack, Real-World Example: Parity Multisig Wallet (First Hack) vulnerability, The Vulnerability defensive programming, Security Best Practices delegatecall method, Raw call, delegatecall DELEGATECALL opcode security threat, DELEGATECALL-Real-World Example: Parity Multisig Wallet (Second Hack)preventative techniques, Preventative Techniques real-world example: Parity Multisig Wallet hack, Real-World Example: Parity Multisig Wallet (Second Hack)-Real-World Example: Parity Multisig Wallet (Second Hack) vulnerability, The Vulnerability-The Vulnerability denial of service (DoS) attacks, Denial of Service (DoS)-Real-World Examples: GovernMentalpreventative techniques, Preventative Techniques real-world example: GovernMental, Real-World Examples: GovernMental vulnerability, The Vulnerability deployment bytecode, Contract Deployment Code deployment scripts, Truffle migrations — understanding deployment scripts-Truffle migrations — understanding deployment scripts deterministic (seeded) walletsabout, Deterministic (Seeded) Wallets defined, Wallet Technology Overview hierarchical (see hierarchical deterministic wallets) development culture, Ethereum, Ethereum’s Development Culture difficulty setting, Quick Glossary Diffie, Whitfield, Public Key Cryptography and Cryptocurrency digital fingerprint, Cryptographic Hash Functions digital signatures, Keys and Addresses, Digital Signatures-Raw Transaction Creation with EIP-155creating, Creating a digital signature defined, Quick Glossary ECDSA and, The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm ECDSA math, ECDSA Math-ECDSA Math mechanism of operation, How Digital Signatures Work private key and, Public Key Cryptography and Cryptocurrency separating signing and transmission, Separating Signing and Transmission (Offline Signing)-Separating Signing and Transmission (Offline Signing) signature prefix value (v) and public key recovery, The Signature Prefix Value (v) and Public Key Recovery signing in practice, Transaction Signing in Practice verifying, Verifying the Signature Wikipedia definition, The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm directed acyclic graph (DAG), Ethash: Ethereum’s Proof-of-Work Algorithm discrete logarithm problem, Public Key Cryptography and Cryptocurrency distributed state machine, Ethereum as, Ethereum: A General-Purpose Blockchain DoS attacks (see denial of service attacks) Dual_EC_DRBG, Ethereum’s Cryptographic Hash Function: Keccak-256 duress wallet, Optional passphrase in BIP-39 dynamically sized arrays, Avoid Dynamically Sized Arrays E ECDSA (see Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm) EIP-155 Simple Replay Attack Protection standard, Raw Transaction Creation with EIP-155 EIP-55 (Ethereum Improvement Proposal 55)checksum for addresses, Hex Encoding with Checksum in Capitalization (EIP-55)-Detecting an error in an EIP-55 encoded address detecting an error in an encoded address, Detecting an error in an EIP-55 encoded address EIPs (Ethereum Improvement Proposals), Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs)defined, Quick Glossary workflow, Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs) Ellaism, Other Notable Ethereum Forks elliptic curve cryptography, Public Key Cryptography and Cryptocurrency, Elliptic Curve Cryptography Explained-Elliptic Curve Arithmetic Operationsarithmetic operations, Elliptic Curve Arithmetic Operations basics, Elliptic Curve Cryptography Explained-Elliptic Curve Arithmetic Operations libraries, Elliptic Curve Libraries public key generation, Public Keys-Elliptic Curve Libraries public key generation with, Generating a Public Key Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)about, The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm defined, Quick Glossary mathematics of, ECDSA Math-ECDSA Math signature creation, Creating a digital signature transaction signing in practice, Transaction Signing in Practice Embark, Embark, Testing Smart Contracts Emerald Platform, Emerald Platform Emerald Wallet, Choosing an Ethereum Wallet EMOD (Ethereum Modification), Other Notable Ethereum Forks empty input test, Which Hash Function Am I Using?

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-Full Node Advantages and Disadvantages local blockchain simulation advantages/disadvantages, Local Blockchain Simulation Advantages and Disadvantages MetaMask and, Quick Glossary public testnet advantages/disadvantages, Public Testnet Advantages and Disadvantages NFTs (see nonfungible tokens) NIST (National Institute of Science and Technology), Ethereum’s Cryptographic Hash Function: Keccak-256 nodedefined, Quick Glossary transaction propagation, Transaction Propagation Node.js, Installing the Truffle framework non-fungible tokens (NFTs), Tokens and FungibilityERC721 non-fungible token standard, ERC721: Non-fungible Token (Deed) Standard-ERC721: Non-fungible Token (Deed) Standard non-repudiation, The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm nonces, The Transaction Nonce-Concurrency, Transaction Origination, and Noncesconcurrency, Concurrency, Transaction Origination, and Nonces confirmation, Gaps in Nonces, Duplicate Nonces, and Confirmation defined, Quick Glossary duplicated, Gaps in Nonces, Duplicate Nonces, and Confirmation gaps in sequence of, Gaps in Nonces, Duplicate Nonces, and Confirmation keeping track of, Keeping Track of Nonces transaction origination, Concurrency, Transaction Origination, and Nonces world state and, Ethereum State nondeterministic (random) wallets, Wallet Technology Overview-Nondeterministic (Random) Wallets nonfungible tokens (NFTs)Auction DApp and, A Basic DApp Example: Auction DApp defined, Quick Glossary O offline signing, Separating Signing and Transmission (Offline Signing)-Separating Signing and Transmission (Offline Signing) ommer, defined, Quick Glossary one-way functions, Public Keys, Cryptographic Hash Functions open source licenses, Using Code Examples OpenAddressLottery honey pot, Real-World Examples: OpenAddressLottery and CryptoRoulette Honey Pots OpenSSL cryptographic library, Elliptic Curve Libraries OpenZeppelin, Preventative Techniques, Contract Libraries, OpenZeppelin-OpenZeppelin oracles, Oracles-Conclusionsand data authentication, Data Authentication broadcast/multicast, Oracle Design Patterns client interfaces in Solidity, Oracle Client Interfaces in Solidity-Oracle Client Interfaces in Solidity computation oracles, Computation Oracles-Computation Oracles data authentication with, Data Authentication decentralized, Decentralized Oracles design patterns, Oracle Design Patterns-Oracle Design Patterns immediate-read, Oracle Design Patterns publish-subscribe, Oracle Design Patterns reasons for using, Why Oracles Are Needed request-response, Oracle Design Patterns use cases/examples, Oracle Use Cases and Examples Oraclize, Data Authentication, Computation Oracles, Oracle Client Interfaces in Solidity-Oracle Client Interfaces in Solidity overflow, Arithmetic Over/Underflows-Real-World Examples: PoWHC and Batch Transfer Overflow (CVE-2018–10299)defined, The Vulnerability protecting against, Protecting Against Overflow Errors at the Compiler Level P Paritybasics, Parity defined, Quick Glossary for first synchronization, Running Geth or Parity installing, Installing Parity libraries for, Software Requirements for Building and Running a Client (Node) nonce counting, Keeping Track of Nonces Parity Multisig Walletfirst hack, Real-World Example: Parity Multisig Wallet (First Hack) second hack, Real-World Example: Parity Multisig Wallet (Second Hack)-Real-World Example: Parity Multisig Wallet (Second Hack) passphrases, Optional passphrase in BIP-39 password stretching algorithm, Nondeterministic (Random) Wallets payable function, Functions payment, Transaction Value and Data PBKDF2 function, From mnemonic to seed Populus, Testing Smart Contracts PoS (see proof of stake) PoW (see proof of work) PoWHC (see Proof of Weak Hands Coin) pre-image, Cryptographic Hash Functions prime factorization, Public Key Cryptography and Cryptocurrency private blockchain, Local Blockchain Simulation Advantages and Disadvantages private function, Functions private keys, Keys and Addresses, Private Keys-Generating a Private Key from a Random Number(see also keys and addresses) defined, Quick Glossary extended, Extended public and private keys generating from random number, Generating a Private Key from a Random Number hardened child key derivation, Hardened child key derivation wallets and, Choosing an Ethereum Wallet, Control and Responsibility PRNG (pseudorandom number generator) contracts, Real-World Example: PRNG Contracts proof of stake (PoS)Casper as Ethereum PoS algorithm, Casper: Ethereum’s Proof-of-Stake Algorithm consensus via, Consensus via Proof of Stake (PoS) defined, Quick Glossary Proof of Weak Hands Coin (PoWHC), Real-World Examples: PoWHC and Batch Transfer Overflow (CVE-2018–10299) proof of work (PoW)consensus via, Consensus via Proof of Work defined, Quick Glossary Ethash as Ethereum PoW algorithm, Ethash: Ethereum’s Proof-of-Work Algorithm propagation of transactions, Transaction Propagation prototype of a function, Transmitting a Data Payload to an EOA or Contract proxy, ZeppelinOS pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) contracts, Real-World Example: PRNG Contracts public function, Functions public key cryptography, Public Key Cryptography and Cryptocurrency-Public Key Cryptography and Cryptocurrency public key recovery, The Signature Prefix Value (v) and Public Key Recovery public keys, Public Keys-Elliptic Curve Libraries(see also keys and addresses) defined, Quick Glossary elliptic curve cryptography and, Elliptic Curve Cryptography Explained-Elliptic Curve Cryptography Explained extended, Extended public and private keys generating, Generating a Public Key public testnets, Public Testnet Advantages and Disadvantages publish-subscribe oracles, Oracle Design Patterns pure function, Functions Q QR codes, Ethereum Addresses and Transactions in this Book R race conditions, Race Conditions/Front Running(see also front-running security threat; reentrancy attack) random (nondeterministic) wallets, Wallet Technology Overview-Nondeterministic (Random) Wallets random numbers, private key generation from, Generating a Private Key from a Random Number receipt, defined, Quick Glossary Recursive Length Prefix (RLP), Quick Glossary, The Structure of a Transaction reentrancy attacks, Reentrancy-Real-World Example: The DAOblind calls and, Raw call, delegatecall defined, Quick Glossary preventative techniques, Preventative Techniques real-world example: DAO attack, Real-World Example: The DAO vulnerability, The Vulnerability-The Vulnerability reentrancy bug, The Reentrancy Bugattack flow, Attack Flow technical details, Technical Details reentrancy honey pot security threat, Real-World Example: Reentrancy Honey Pot-Real-World Example: Reentrancy Honey Pot reference specification, Components of a Blockchain registering a name, Registering a Name-Registering a Name Remix IDE, Compiling the Faucet Contract, Creating the Contract on the Blockchain-Creating the Contract on the Blockchain remote clients, Remote Ethereum Clients-Mistbrowser wallets, Browser Wallets mobile wallets, Mobile (Smartphone) Wallets wallet compared to, Should I Run a Full Node?

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tokens, Tokens-Conclusionscounterparty risk, Counterparty Risk ERC20 standard, The ERC20 Token Standard-ERC20 implementations ERC223 standard proposal, ERC223: A Proposed Token Contract Interface Standard ERC721 non-fungible token standard, ERC721: Non-fungible Token (Deed) Standard-ERC721: Non-fungible Token (Deed) Standard ERC777 standard proposal, ERC777: A Proposed Token Contract Interface Standard-ERC777 hooks fungibility, Tokens and Fungibility gas and, Issues with ERC20 Tokens ICOs and, Tokens and ICOs intrinsicality, Tokens and Intrinsicality on Ethereum, Tokens on Ethereum-ERC721: Non-fungible Token (Deed) Standard reasons to adopt, Utility Tokens: Who Needs Them? uses of, How Tokens Are Used-How Tokens Are Used using token standards, Using Token Standards-Security by Maturity utility/equity types, Using Tokens: Utility or Equity-Utility Tokens: Who Needs Them?

DeFi and the Future of Finance by Campbell R. Harvey, Ashwin Ramachandran, Joey Santoro, Vitalik Buterin, Fred Ehrsam

activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, bank run, barriers to entry, bitcoin, blockchain, collateralized debt obligation, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, David Graeber, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, fault tolerance, fiat currency, fixed income, Future Shock, initial coin offering, Jane Street, margin call, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, Network effects, non-fungible token, passive income, peer-to-peer, prediction markets, rent-seeking, RFID, risk tolerance, Robinhood: mobile stock trading app, Satoshi Nakamoto, seigniorage, smart contracts, transaction costs, Vitalik Buterin, yield curve, zero-coupon bond

From a panel discussion at the Computer History Museum, see newsbtc, “Google Chairman Eric Schmidt: Bitcoin Architecture an Amazing Advancement,” newsbtc, 2014, https://www.newsbtc.com/news/google-chairman-eric-schmidt-bitcoin-architecture-amazing-advancement/. 2. Fungible tokens have equal value just as every dollar bill has equal value and a $10 dollar bill is equal to two $5 dollar bills. Non-fungible tokens, in contrast, reflect the value of what they are associated with (e.g., one non-fungible token may be associated with a piece of art like a painting). They do not necessarily have equal value. 3. Steve Ellis, Ari Juels, and Sergey Nazarov, “ChainLink: A Decentralized Oracle Network,” September 4, 2017, https://research.chain.link/whitepaper-v1.pdf?

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A deflationary approach would likely consist of using the governance token also as a utility token to pay fees to the platform, which would be burned, or removed, from the supply rather than going to a specific entity. The MKR token of MakerDAO used to be burned in this manner in an older version of the platform. NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS As the name suggests, the units of a non-fungible token (NFT) are not equal to those of other tokens. NFT Standard On Ethereum, the ERC-7213 standard defines non-fungibility. It is like ERC-20, except that rather than all IDs being stored as a single balance, each unit has its own unique ID that can be linked to additional metadata, which differentiate it from other tokens stemming from the same contract.

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Table of Contents COVER TITLE PAGE COPYRIGHT FOREWORD PREFACE I INTRODUCTION FIVE KEY PROBLEMS OF CENTRALIZED FINANCIAL SYSTEMS IMPLICATIONS NOTES II THE ORIGINS OF MODERN DECENTRALIZED FINANCE A BRIEF HISTORY OF FINANCE FINTECH BITCOIN AND CRYPTOCURRENCY ETHEREUM AND DeFi NOTES III DeFi INFRASTRUCTURE BLOCKCHAIN CRYPTOCURRENCY THE SMART CONTRACT PLATFORM ORACLES STABLECOINS DECENTRALIZED APPLICATIONS NOTES IV DeFi PRIMITIVES TRANSACTIONS FUNGIBLE TOKENS NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS CUSTODY SUPPLY ADJUSTMENT INCENTIVES SWAP COLLATERALIZED LOANS FLASH (UNCOLLATERALIZED) LOANS NOTES V PROBLEMS DeFi SOLVES INEFFICIENCY LIMITED ACCESS OPACITY CENTRALIZED CONTROL LACK OF INTEROPERABILITY VI DeFi DEEP DIVE CREDIT/LENDING DECENTRALIZED EXCHANGE DERIVATIVES TOKENIZATION NOTES VII RISKS SMART CONTRACT RISK GOVERNANCE RISK ORACLE RISK SCALING RISK DEX RISK CUSTODIAL RISK ENVIRONMENTAL RISK REGULATORY RISK NOTES VIII CONCLUSIONS: LOSERS AND WINNERS NOTE ACKNOWLEDGMENT REFERENCES GLOSSARY INDEX End User License Agreement List of Tables Chapter 6 Table 6.1 The Problems That MakerDAO Solves Table 6.2 Problems That Compound Solves Table 6.3 Problems That Aave Solves Table 6.4 Problems That Uniswap Solves Table 6.5 Problems That the Yield Protocol Solves Table 6.6 Problems That dYdX Solves Table 6.7 Problems That Synthetix Solves Table 6.8 Problems That Set Protocol Solves List of Illustrations Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 Western Union transfer from 1873 Figure 2.2 Iraqi Swiss dinars and new dinars Chapter 4 Figure 4.1 Linear bonding curve Figure 4.2 Superlinear bonding curve Figure 4.3 Logistic/sigmoid bonding curve Figure 4.4 Different bonding curves for purchases and sales Figure 4.5 The mechanics of automated market makers Chapter 6 Figure 6.1 The Mechanics of MakerDAO's DAI Figure 6.2 Collateralization Ratios in Compound Figure 6.3 Savings and Lending Rates in Compound Figure 6.4 The Mechanics of Compound's Equity Token (cToken) Figure 6.5 The Mechanics of an Aave Flash Loan Figure 6.6 The Mechanics of a Uniswap Automated Market Maker Figure 6.7 The Mechanics of a Flash Swap in Uniswap Figure 6.8 The Mechanics of Fixed-Rate Borrowing in the Yield Protocol Figure 6.9 The Mechanics of Arbitrage with dYdX Figure 6.10 Perpetual Futures with dYdX Figure 6.11 The Mechanics of Synthetix DeFi and the FUTURE of FINANCE Campbell R.

The Metaverse: And How It Will Revolutionize Everything by Matthew Ball

"hyperreality Baudrillard"~20 OR "Baudrillard hyperreality", 3D printing, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, Amazon Web Services, Apple Newton, augmented reality, Big Tech, bitcoin, blockchain, business process, call centre, cloud computing, commoditize, computer vision, COVID-19, cryptocurrency, deepfake, digital divide, digital twin, disintermediation, don't be evil, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, game design, gig economy, Google Chrome, Google Earth, Google Glasses, hype cycle, intermodal, Internet Archive, Internet of things, iterative process, Jeff Bezos, John Gruber, Kevin Roose, Kickstarter, lockdown, Mark Zuckerberg, Metcalfe’s law, Minecraft, minimum viable product, Neal Stephenson, Network effects, new economy, non-fungible token, open economy, openstreetmap, pattern recognition, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer model, Planet Labs, pre–internet, QR code, recommendation engine, rent control, rent-seeking, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robinhood: mobile stock trading app, satellite internet, self-driving car, SETI@home, Silicon Valley, skeuomorphism, Skype, smart contracts, Snapchat, Snow Crash, social graph, social web, SpaceX Starlink, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, thinkpad, TikTok, Tim Cook: Apple, TSMC, undersea cable, Vannevar Bush, vertical integration, Vitalik Buterin, Wayback Machine, Y2K

What makes this distinction strange is the fact that there is no technical distinction between these two purchases—the only difference is that bitcoin is a “fungible” crypto-based token, in that every bitcoin is substitutable with another, while buying an NFT piece of artwork is a non-fungible token, in that it isn’t substitutable with any other token. Things get more confusing if the right to this non-fungible token is fractionalized into fungible tokens (think of selling shares to a piece of artwork). These “shares” can be bought and sold via the iPhone app. Regardless, Apple’s murky policies produce an experience that benefits neither developers nor customers—one which resembles that faced by cloud game-streaming apps.

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See Activision Blizzard Blockbuster, 166, 273 blockchains, 206–35 Android and, 212–14 Avalanche blockchain, 211 compared to other data structures, 231 decentalized apps (“dapps”), 210–11, 214–16, 222–23, 283 decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), 225–29, 230, 300 early cryptocurrency, 206–12 gaming and, 222–25 “Layer 1” vs. “Layer 2,” 211–12, 230 in the Metaverse, 231–35 non-fungible tokens (NFTs), 216–22 obstacles to, 230–31 as “permissionless,” 209–12, 214, 218, 222, 288 public vs. private, 211n as self-sustaining, 209–10 sidechains, 212, 230 “smart contracts,” 226–30, 300 Solana blockchain, 211, 230 sustainability in, 222–23 as “trustless,” 209–12, 214, 218, 222, 227, 231, 288 as a virtual vending machine, 225–27 see also cryptocurrency; non-fungible tokens (NFTs) Bloomberg, xii, xiii, 227 Blue Origin, 4 Bluetooth, 143, 161–62, 189, 196 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), 53, 86 Bored Apes Yacht Club, 218, 265 BP, 166 Bradbury, Ray, 5 brain-to-computer interfaces (BCIs), xi, 154–55, 204–5 Branson, Richard, xi broadband operators, 15–6, 38, 49, 271 Broadcom, 212, 243 Bumble, 215 Bush, Vannevar, ix–xi, 4, 7, 305 Buterin, Vitalik, 210, 228 ByteDance, xiii, 19.

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Not all virtual worlds will move to widely interoperable model, of course. Despite the prevalence of free-to-play multiplayer online games today, many titles are still paid, single-player, offline, or all three. Web3-focused readers might be wondering why I’ve not yet addressed blockchains, cryptocurrencies, and non-fungible tokens. These three interrelated innovations look likely to play a foundational role in our virtual future and are already operating as a sort of common standard across an ever-expanding series of worlds and experiences. But before examining these technologies, we must first examine the role of hardware and payments in the Metaverse

MegaThreats: Ten Dangerous Trends That Imperil Our Future, and How to Survive Them by Nouriel Roubini

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 2021 United States Capitol attack, 3D printing, 9 dash line, AI winter, AlphaGo, artificial general intelligence, asset allocation, assortative mating, autonomous vehicles, bank run, banking crisis, basic income, Bear Stearns, Big Tech, bitcoin, Bletchley Park, blockchain, Boston Dynamics, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business cycle, business process, call centre, carbon tax, Carmen Reinhart, cashless society, central bank independence, collateralized debt obligation, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, coronavirus, COVID-19, creative destruction, credit crunch, crony capitalism, cryptocurrency, currency manipulation / currency intervention, currency peg, data is the new oil, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, debt deflation, decarbonisation, deep learning, DeepMind, deglobalization, Demis Hassabis, democratizing finance, Deng Xiaoping, disintermediation, Dogecoin, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, energy security, energy transition, Erik Brynjolfsson, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, eurozone crisis, failed state, fake news, family office, fiat currency, financial deregulation, financial innovation, financial repression, fixed income, floating exchange rates, forward guidance, Fractional reserve banking, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, future of work, game design, geopolitical risk, George Santayana, Gini coefficient, global pandemic, global reserve currency, global supply chain, GPS: selective availability, green transition, Greensill Capital, Greenspan put, Herbert Marcuse, high-speed rail, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, inflation targeting, initial coin offering, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, invention of movable type, Isaac Newton, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, junk bonds, Kenneth Rogoff, knowledge worker, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, low skilled workers, low-wage service sector, M-Pesa, margin call, market bubble, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, means of production, meme stock, Michael Milken, middle-income trap, Mikhail Gorbachev, Minsky moment, Modern Monetary Theory, money market fund, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, moral hazard, mortgage debt, Mustafa Suleyman, Nash equilibrium, natural language processing, negative equity, Nick Bostrom, non-fungible token, non-tariff barriers, ocean acidification, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, paradox of thrift, pets.com, Phillips curve, planetary scale, Ponzi scheme, precariat, price mechanism, price stability, public intellectual, purchasing power parity, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, Ralph Waldo Emerson, ransomware, Ray Kurzweil, regulatory arbitrage, reserve currency, reshoring, Robert Shiller, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, Satoshi Nakamoto, Savings and loan crisis, Second Machine Age, short selling, Silicon Valley, smart contracts, South China Sea, sovereign wealth fund, Stephen Hawking, TED Talk, The Great Moderation, the payments system, Thomas L Friedman, TikTok, too big to fail, Turing test, universal basic income, War on Poverty, warehouse robotics, Washington Consensus, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, working-age population, Yogi Berra, Yom Kippur War, zero-sum game, zoonotic diseases

Market reports keep tabs on steep price fluctuations. Attention should certainly be paid to a $1 trillion marketplace built on bold innovation. The modern finance lexicon is full of words that make heads spin, from crypto coins to non-fungible tokens that assign stratospheric prices because they are unique and other investors say they have value. Graphic artist Matt Winkelmann made news in early 2021 when twenty-one of his non-fungible tokens fetched almost $4 million over a single weekend online auction.25 But now even the NFT bubble is bursting as the market value of most of these pseudo-assets is collapsing. Whatever its fans, scammers and carnival-barkers proclaim about DeFi, however, whopping risks abound from this over-hyped financial innovation.

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Ratios in the red-hot tech sector reached stratospheric levels, into the 50s and above. Another signal comes from exotic investments. A piece of digital art fetched $65 million. Cryptocurrencies that were effectively “shitcoins” with no intrinsic value reached stratospheric values until 2021. The buzz of crypto, decentralized finance (DeFi) and non fungible tokens (NFT) gave FOMO to retail suckers—investors hoodwinked by insiders in this unregulated Wild West. A firm whose only asset was a delicatessen in New Jersey with slim revenues rocketed to $100 million in market value.8 Home prices followed suit as apartment dwellers raced to trade urban ambience for suburbs and backyards.

You've Been Played: How Corporations, Governments, and Schools Use Games to Control Us All by Adrian Hon

"hyperreality Baudrillard"~20 OR "Baudrillard hyperreality", 4chan, Adam Curtis, Adrian Hon, Airbnb, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Amazon Web Services, Astronomia nova, augmented reality, barriers to entry, Bellingcat, Big Tech, bitcoin, bread and circuses, British Empire, buy and hold, call centre, computer vision, conceptual framework, contact tracing, coronavirus, corporate governance, COVID-19, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, David Graeber, David Sedaris, deep learning, delayed gratification, democratizing finance, deplatforming, disinformation, disintermediation, Dogecoin, electronic logging device, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Ethereum, fake news, fiat currency, Filter Bubble, Frederick Winslow Taylor, fulfillment center, Galaxy Zoo, game design, gamification, George Floyd, gig economy, GitHub removed activity streaks, Google Glasses, Hacker News, Hans Moravec, Ian Bogost, independent contractor, index fund, informal economy, Jeff Bezos, job automation, jobs below the API, Johannes Kepler, Kevin Kelly, Kevin Roose, Kickstarter, Kiva Systems, knowledge worker, Lewis Mumford, lifelogging, linked data, lockdown, longitudinal study, loss aversion, LuLaRoe, Lyft, Marshall McLuhan, megaproject, meme stock, meta-analysis, Minecraft, moral panic, multilevel marketing, non-fungible token, Ocado, Oculus Rift, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), orbital mechanics / astrodynamics, Parler "social media", passive income, payment for order flow, prisoner's dilemma, QAnon, QR code, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, r/findbostonbombers, replication crisis, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robinhood: mobile stock trading app, Ronald Coase, Rubik’s Cube, Salesforce, Satoshi Nakamoto, scientific management, shareholder value, sharing economy, short selling, short squeeze, Silicon Valley, SimCity, Skinner box, spinning jenny, Stanford marshmallow experiment, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, TED Talk, The Nature of the Firm, the scientific method, TikTok, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, Twitter Arab Spring, Tyler Cowen, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, urban planning, warehouse robotics, Whole Earth Catalog, why are manhole covers round?, workplace surveillance

Caitlin Harrington, “California Senate Passes Warehouse Workers Bill, Taking Aim at Amazon,” Wired, September 9, 2021, www.wired.com/story/california-senate-passes-warehouse-workers-bill-taking-aim-at-amazon. 12. “NFT Gamification: 7 Ways Crypto Artists Are Using NFTs to Engage with Collectors,” NFT Culture, accessed November 28, 2021, www.nftculture.com/nft-art/nft-gamification-7-ways-crypto-artists-make-collecting-nfts-fun; “Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT),” Plethori, updated April 2021, https://docs.plethori.com/gamification/non-fungible-tokens-nft; “Zapper Is Leveling Up,” Learn, Zapper, May 27, 2021, https://learn.zapper.fi/articles/zapper-is-leveling-up; “Ether Cards,” Ether Cards, accessed November 28, 2021, https://docs.ether.cards/platform.html.

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., betting on who’ll win the next point or game in tennis, rather than the outcome of the more lengthy match), and instant cash out (so any winnings can be instantly bet again) all contribute to an accelerated “online sports betting loop” designed to keep punters playing longer.55 Many betting companies now offer a nonstop series of virtual sports events like sixty-second-long greyhound races every minute of the day, complete with computer graphics and audio commentary comparable to the latest video games.56 And to close the loop, officially licensed non-fungible tokens (NFTs) like NBA Top Shot’s gacha-style digital trading cards have enabled athletes and bettors to collect, trade, and speculate on video highlights of basketball games for vast sums of money.57 Legislators and regulators are rightly focusing on video games engineered to consume hundreds or thousands of hours of players’ time and monetise the inevitable frustration.

Stake Hodler Capitalism: Blockchain and DeFi by Amr Hazem Wahba Metwaly

altcoin, Amazon Web Services, bitcoin, blockchain, business process, congestion charging, COVID-19, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, fiat currency, information security, Internet of things, Network effects, non-fungible token, passive income, prediction markets, price stability, Satoshi Nakamoto, seigniorage, Skype, smart contracts, underbanked, Vitalik Buterin

For instance, MetaMask classifies your seed phrase, passwords, and personal keys in an encrypted layout locally on your device so that only you can have entry to your accounts and data. Market places DeFi policies have seen a significant increase in online marketplaces' collection, allowing users to exchange products and services internationally from user-to-user. These include everything from freelance coding gigs, digital collectibles, or Non-fungible tokens to actual jewelry and apparel. Payments User-to-user payment is arguably the foundational use case of the DeFi domain and the blockchain ecosystem at large. Blockchain technology is wired so that users can safely and directly trade cryptocurrency without the presence of intermediaries. DeFi payment solutions build a more free economic system for the underbanked and unbanked populace and help big financial institutions streamlining market infrastructure and serve better wholesale and retail customers.

Practical Doomsday: A User's Guide to the End of the World by Michal Zalewski

accounting loophole / creative accounting, AI winter, anti-communist, artificial general intelligence, bank run, big-box store, bitcoin, blockchain, book value, Buy land – they’re not making it any more, capital controls, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, Carrington event, clean water, coronavirus, corporate governance, COVID-19, cryptocurrency, David Graeber, decentralized internet, deep learning, distributed ledger, diversification, diversified portfolio, Dogecoin, dumpster diving, failed state, fiat currency, financial independence, financial innovation, fixed income, Fractional reserve banking, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Haber-Bosch Process, housing crisis, index fund, indoor plumbing, information security, inventory management, Iridium satellite, Joan Didion, John Bogle, large denomination, lifestyle creep, mass immigration, McDonald's hot coffee lawsuit, McMansion, medical bankruptcy, Modern Monetary Theory, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, moral panic, non-fungible token, nuclear winter, off-the-grid, Oklahoma City bombing, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, paperclip maximiser, passive investing, peak oil, planetary scale, ransomware, restrictive zoning, ride hailing / ride sharing, risk tolerance, Ronald Reagan, Satoshi Nakamoto, Savings and loan crisis, self-driving car, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, supervolcano, systems thinking, tech worker, Ted Kaczynski, TED Talk, Tunguska event, underbanked, urban sprawl, Wall-E, zero-sum game, zoonotic diseases

than daydreaming about the glorious future that awaits if your investments pan out well. From that perspective, the cost of passing on Bitcoin is modest, while the cost of taking a substantial stake can be unacceptably high. The other very recent financial innovation that captured the attention of the media are non-fungible tokens (NFTs): short blockchain-recorded entities with cryptographically established chains of ownership. In most ways, their inner workings resemble cryptocurrencies, but they’re specifically designed not to serve that role. Instead, every token is meant to be distinguishable from others by virtue of possessing a unique ID.

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Heater, 157 MREs (meals ready to eat), 144 muggings, 112–113 Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS), 188 municipal sewers, 145–147 Mylar, 149 MyLife.com, 110 N N95 respirators, 174 N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 179 Nagasaki, 31 Nakamoto, Satoshi (pseudonym), 66–67 nasal glucocorticoids, 150 National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 14 National Security Agency (NSA), 109 natural disasters, 18–19, 34–35 neonicotinoids, 176 neurotoxins, 176 New Deal, 22 New York Times, 37 Niebuhr, Reinhold, 43 9-11 attacks, 26–27 9mm Luger, 214 nitrates storage accidents, 20 non-fungible tokens (NFTs), 87 NRC ADM-300, 179 NSA (National Security Agency), 109 nuclear disasters and nuclear fallout, 20, 31, 39–40, 178–180 nuclear electromagnetic pulse, 40–41 Nuclear War Survival Skills (Kearny), 39 nuclear winter, 30 nutrition, 139–140 O obesity, 115–118 OFD Foods, 141 Oklahoma City bombing, 26–27 Olympic Park bombing, 26 One Child Nation, 8 OneRep, 110 online fraud, 106–108 online privacy, 109–111 optimism, 44 opting out, 110 oral antibiotics, 151 outages, 12 oximeters, pulse, 150 P pain medications, 99–100 pandemics, 25–26, 32, 174–177 pantries, 140–144 paperclip maximizer parable, 42 paperwork, 166–167 passive infrared (PIR) motion sensors, 201 passwords, 108 pathogens, 32–33 “peak oil” hypothesis, 35 pepper spray, 205, 207 Perhach, Paulette, 49–50 perimeter security devices, 201 Permian extinction, 34 personal hygiene, 149 pessimism, 44 pests, 177 phishing, 107 phones, 155–156, 181 physical cash, 75–76 physical fitness, 115–118 physical violence, 13 pickpocketing, 113–114 PIG Sock, 147 Piketty, Thomas, 72 PIR (passive infrared) motion sensors, 201 pistols, 212–213 pit latrines, 147 planetary catastrophe, 34 planning documents, 121–125 plumbing, 145–148 poisons, 177 pollinating insects, declines of, 35 poor countries, 33–34 Population Bomb, 7–8, 30 porch piracy, 111 portable generators, 155–156 portfolio design strategies, 88–90 power outages, 152–159 power puller, 162–163 power tools, 101–103 precious metals, 83–85 predictions of apocalypse, 30–31 prepping community, 119–120 prescription drugs, 99–100, 150 PRI-G, 156 Primatene, 150 prion diseases, 32 privacy online, 109–111 propane, 157–158 property crime, 13–14, 199–202 prophecies, 30–31 proportionality of self-defense, 204–205 pry bars, 112, 163 pulse oximeters, 150 pyrethrin, 176 pyriproxyfen, 176 pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), 179 Q Quick Dam, 147 R Radaris, 110 radiation, 30, 39–40, 178–180 radios, 182–190 rainy-day savings, 49–55 rats on Christmas Island, 33 Raven Rock (Graff), 40 Reagan, Ronald, shooting of, 26 real estate, 85–86 recessions, 22 recreational drugs, 100–101 recreational shooting, 219 Reddit, 52, 109 refrigerators, 152–153 regimes, totalitarian, 36–39 rehydration salts, 150 REITs (real estate investment trusts), 86 renter insurance, 11, 201 repairs, 162–163 repeaters, 185 representative currency, 63 respiratory diseases, 150 revolvers, 213–214 revolving loans, 53–54 rifles, 215–216 riots, 21 risk mitigating, 74–88 mitigation costs, 5–6 quantifying, 5–6 risk-rank formula, 6 risk-taking, 95–96 statistics on, 3 robberies, 112–113 rodents, 176–177 Romero, George A., 30 Rothbard, Murray, 61–62 Ruby Ridge siege, 26 Ruger LCP, 214 S Sabin, Paul, 8 sanitization, 175–176 SARS, 26 satellite communications, 182–183 savings, 10, 49–55 Savings and Loan Crisis, 22 saws, 162 scams, 106–108 Scepter brand cans, 133 Schneier, Bruce, 3 science, 30 science fiction, 29–30 security devices, 201 self-defense firearms, 211–219 legalities of, 204–206 property crime, 199–202 robberies, 113 semiautomatic pistols, 212–213 September 11 attacks, 26–27 Serenity Prayer, 43 sewers, 145–147 shelter, loss of, 11–12 shotguns, 216–217 (S)-hydroprene, 176 sieverts (Sv), 178 Sig Sauer P229, 214 Simler, Kevin, 7 situational awareness, 13, 112 skin conditions, 150 skin staplers, 150 sleeping bags and pads, 167–168 sleeping sickness, 25 slugs, 217 smallpox, 32 smoke, 177 snow chains, 163 social media, 109, 110 social unrest, 20–21 sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) tablets, 134 soft-point ammunition, 217 SOG Seal Pup Elite, 170 solar storms, 36 SOS, 143 space weather events, 35–36 speeding, 96–97 spinosad, 176 Spokeo, 110 Springfield EMP, 214 STA-BIL, 156 stalking, 14 The Stand (King), 32 stock market, 79–81 stock options, 81–83 stockpiled foods, 140–144 stockpiling, 73–74 Stop the Bleed program, 151 storm cleanup equipment, 162–163 “A Story of a Fuck Off Fund” (Perhach), 49–50 street violence, 112–113 student loans, 50 stun guns, 205, 207 submersible pumps, 148 subscription services, 51 suffocation, 104 suicides, 196–197 supervolcanoes, 34 supply issues, 137 Svenson, Ola, 96 swine flu, 26 System Fusion, 188 system of prices, 59 T Taser pistols, 207 tech upgrades, 52 technician class license, 189 tents, 167 terrorism domestic, 26–27 fear of, 26–27 industrial accidents and, 20 statistics on, 3 Texas City Disaster, 20 thermal underwear, 156 thermonuclear war, 39–40 .38 Special, 214 3M gasmaks, 177 3M respirators, 175 3M Vetrap, 150 TIPS (Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities), 77 tires, 163 toilets, 145–147 Tomcat, 177 tools, 161–164 topical lidocaine cream, 150 totalitarian regimes, 36–39 transfer-on-death directives, 125 transportation disruptions, 12, 158–159 TransUnion, 110 travel expenses, 76 Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS), 77 triamcinolone acetonide, 150 A True Story (Lucian of Samosata), 29 TruePeopleSearch.com, 110 28 Days Later, 32 Twitter, 109, 155 two-factor authentication (2FA), 108 two-way radios, 183–190 U umbrella policies, 88 unemployment, 10–11 unintentional injury, 12–13 unrest, 20–21 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 13 US Geological Survey (USGS), 19 usury, 63 utility outages, 12 V valuables, 201 vandalism, 111 Vanguard Group, 80–81 vehicle accidents, 96–98 vehicle repairs, 163–164 vertigo, 150 vinegar, 148 violence, 13 Virex II 256, 176 virtual private network (VPN) software, 106 visa requirements, 11 vitamin C, 179 volcanoes, 34–35 vomiting, 150 Vox Magazine, 25 W Waco siege, 26 wages, 50 war, 20–21, 39–40 waste disposal, 145–147 water and water outages, 12, 131–135, 145–148, 169 WaterBrick, 133 wealth taxes, 73 weather, 18, 156–158, 168 Weathermen, 27 weight loss, 115–118 West Nile, 26 Westinghouse generators, 156 wet wipes, 149 “What Has Government Done to Our Money?”

Walled Culture: How Big Content Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Keep Creators Poor by Glyn Moody

Aaron Swartz, Big Tech, bioinformatics, Brewster Kahle, connected car, COVID-19, disinformation, Donald Knuth, en.wikipedia.org, full text search, intangible asset, Internet Archive, Internet of things, jimmy wales, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, non-fungible token, Open Library, optical character recognition, p-value, peer-to-peer, place-making, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, rent-seeking, text mining, the market place, TikTok, transaction costs, WikiLeaks

The money they earn from those books and papers is often too little to live on, but is in this case ancillary to the institutional funding. The difference in the 21st century is that the Internet has democratised patronage: anyone who is online can make a donation, whether small or big. Contributors receive the benefit of the completed project, together with an acknowledgement for backing the idea. Minting a non-fungible token (NFT)751—a kind of unique digital barcode associated with other digital material, for example an image—as public recognition of support is one of the few situations where doing so makes sense. Techdirt’s Mike Masnick calls this ‘digital hipsterism’: owning one of these NFTs is ‘effectively saying “I was here first, I supported this first and I have a way to display that”.’752 That’s in contrast with most uses of NFTs, which are usually based on the fallacious idea that they confer ownership of the underlying copyright of the associated material.

Cashing Out: Win the Wealth Game by Walking Away by Julien Saunders, Kiersten Saunders

barriers to entry, basic income, Big Tech, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, blockchain, COVID-19, cryptocurrency, death from overwork, digital divide, diversification, do what you love, Donald Trump, estate planning, financial independence, follow your passion, future of work, gig economy, glass ceiling, global pandemic, index fund, job automation, job-hopping, karōshi / gwarosa / guolaosi, lifestyle creep, Lyft, microaggression, multilevel marketing, non-fungible token, off-the-grid, passive income, passive investing, performance metric, ride hailing / ride sharing, risk tolerance, Salesforce, side hustle, TaskRabbit, TED Talk, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, universal basic income, upwardly mobile, Vanguard fund, work culture , young professional

See also expenses loneliness, overcoming, 18 low-wage workers, 76 Lyft, 131 M m1finance.com, 131 market downturns, 98–99, 173–74 marriage average length of, 75 challenges faced in, 201 and divorces, 75, 199, 201, 234 time to devote to, 35 See also couples matching by employers, 156, 176 McKinsey study on automation threat, 126 median wealth prediction for Black individuals, 3, 53–54 media portrayals of wealth, 33–34, 221 meetups, 218–19 mercari.com, 135 meritocracy, myth of, 28 middle class, 50 Middle personality type Big 3 downplayed by, 57, 59–60 blind optimism practiced by, 62–63 characteristics of, 50–52 and compound interest, 68 and Fast Spenders personality type, 50, 51, 61 and Financially Insecure personality type, 50, 51 and lifestyle inflation, 61 meaning of “freedom” for, 69 memories of financial insecurity, 51, 60–61 possessions of, 59 and struggles with retirement savings, 51, 63 taste preferences of, 61 millennials, 76, 144 millionaires FIRE movement and Black, 29 and market boom of 2020, 232 meetups of, 219–20 status as milestone, 233 mindset, 103–20 and absence of certainty, 111, 114–16 and confidence, 112–13 and courage, 108, 111, 112–14, 117–18 and financial literacy, 108–11 rules and richuals for, 118–20 and true income potential, 107 Money on the Table (video series), 12 money’s ability to work harder than you can belief in, 65 and purchasing power of wages, 172–73 and stealth wealth, 38 transitioning to, 62 value of acknowledging, 228 moral code, following, 172 mortgage and debt reduction methods, 82 paying off, 6 refinancing, 57 multilevel-marketing businesses, 170 mutual funds about, 159–60 active management of, 160, 166 educated guesses at heart of, 160 fees associated with, 163–64, 165–66 index funds compared to, 162 underperformance of, 166 See also 401(k)s; index funds N Nasdaq index, 161 National Basketball Association, 162 National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, 77 needs, basic, 56–60 negativity, 48 nerdwallet.com, 131 net worth declining, 54 and income, 54–55 stating publicly, 220 NFTs (non-fungible tokens), 129 Notorious B.I.G., 198 O opportunities, evaluating, 129–30, 129 oppression, exposure to, 210 optimism blind, 62–63, 158 as motivator for difficult tasks, 194 options trading, 114 Orman, Suze, 155 ourrichjourney.com, 215 P parenthood and childcare costs, 30 uncertainty experienced in, 115 and work-life balance, 30 parents, supporting aging, 10, 70 passive income, 22, 65 paycheck to paycheck, living, 47, 77–78 paying yourself first, 118 PDFs, selling, 136 personality types, financial, 46–52 Fast Spenders type, 48–50, 51, 52, 61, 69 Financially Insecure type, 46–48, 50, 51, 52, 69, 233 the Middle type, 50–52 Pew Research Center, 36, 172–73 phones, faux connectedness from, 25 Playing with FIRE (documentary), 47 The Plug (Dorsey), 133 podcasts and Jannese’s success story, 124 learning about FI through, 217–18 and preferences of audiences, 145 thepointsguy.com, 131 Popcorn Finance (Browning), 218 poshmark.com, 135 positivity, pressure to sustain, 43 poverty and automation threat to employment, 126 cycle of, 47, 234 principles of cashing out, 36–41 embracing stealth wealth, 37–39 prioritizing purpose and community, 40–41 recognizing the Black tax, 39–40 “progress trap,” 64 public.com, 131 public health, negative impacts of work on, 31–32 purchasing power, impact of inflation on, 173 Purple, 91–94, 95 purpose(s) of income, 44–73 asking better questions about, 120 and Black buying power, 52–55 and breaking the consumerism cycle, 45 and financial personality types, 46–52 flexibility, 56, 60–65 freedom, 56, 56, 68–71 independence, 56, 65–68 lack of, 51–52 and retirement, 54–55 rules and richuals for, 72–73 security, 56–60, 56 and sinking funds, 119 Q quality of life, financial components of, 9 questions, asking better, 119–20 R racism, 39–40 “Raising a Family Index” (RAFI), 30 Ramsey, Dave, 155 Ray, Ola, 101–2 real estate agents, 61 real estate investing of authors, 6, 11, 87–88, 142, 143 income from, 22, 86 Kendra’s success story, 85, 86–87 1 percent rule in, 87 “Reality Check: Paycheck-to-Paycheck,” 77 reasons for cashing out freedom from burnout, 31–33 prioritizing family life, 29–30 safety from corporate change, 27–28 success on your terms, 28–29 time to do what you love, 25–26 regret/sacrifice, moments of, 100, 200–201 religious faith, 36–37 restaurants, dining in, 57 retirement difficulty saving for, 59 income’s role in preparing for, 55 lack of successful examples of, 22 and Middle personality type, 51 and pending crisis, 210 See also retirement accounts retirement accounts IRAs (individual retirement accounts), 94, 114 and matching by employers, 156, 176 maxing out, 94, 168 procrastinating on, 154–55 of self-employed, 176 See also 401(k)s; index funds rewarding yourself, 81–82 Rice, Bradley, 212 “richuals” (term), 17 ride-sharing companies, 131 risk managing feelings of, 116 and the myth of full confidence, 113–14 and uncertainty, 116 Rock, Chris, 33 role models, lack of relatable, 68 rounding-up programs at banks, 118–19 S S&P 500 index fund, 161, 163, 173, 230 sacrifice/regret, moments of, 100, 200–201 saving money/savings authors’ rate of, 11 conventional approach to, 226–27 conversations about, 193–94 and labeling people as “savers,” 191 lessons passed to children on, 226–27 low levels of, 4, 45 and Middle personality type, 50 reframing practice of, 193–94 sacrifices made for, 200–201 security as first purpose of income, 56–60, 56 self-care, 32 self-defeatist language, 15 self-doubt, overcoming, 18, 111 self-employment and retirement accounts, 176 self-reliance, 64–65 selling, 137–40 shame/shaming for buying preferences, 61 and defensiveness, 195 overcoming, 18 sharing, 213–14 Shopify, 137 short-term wants/needs, 63 sinking funds, 119 skills, cultivating marketable, 83, 87, 94, 99, 147 Skillshare, 137 slavery, legacy of, 3 snowball method to paying off debt, 80–81, 81 social issues, ability to engage with, 35 social media platforms and content creators, 141–45 FI community on, 216–17, 220–21 gurus/celebrity advisers on, 223 sharing strengths/wins on, 90 Souffrant, Jamila, 217 spending.

The Loop: How Technology Is Creating a World Without Choices and How to Fight Back by Jacob Ward

2021 United States Capitol attack, 4chan, Abraham Wald, AI winter, Albert Einstein, Albert Michelson, Amazon Mechanical Turk, assortative mating, autonomous vehicles, availability heuristic, barriers to entry, Bayesian statistics, Benoit Mandelbrot, Big Tech, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, Black Swan, blockchain, Broken windows theory, call centre, Cass Sunstein, cloud computing, contact tracing, coronavirus, COVID-19, crowdsourcing, cuban missile crisis, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, dark matter, data science, deep learning, Donald Trump, drone strike, endowment effect, George Akerlof, George Floyd, hindsight bias, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, Jeffrey Epstein, license plate recognition, lockdown, longitudinal study, Lyft, mandelbrot fractal, Mark Zuckerberg, meta-analysis, natural language processing, non-fungible token, nudge unit, OpenAI, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, pattern recognition, QAnon, RAND corporation, Richard Thaler, Robert Shiller, selection bias, self-driving car, seminal paper, shareholder value, smart cities, social contagion, social distancing, Steven Levy, survivorship bias, TikTok, Turing test

It might be that the appetite for these AI-derived pieces of art is simply an appetite for novelty. Maybe that’s the ingredient that has made them a valuable commodity. I struggled with that notion for a while, feeling tempted to dismiss the whole thing. But then along came NFTs. NFTs, or non-fungible tokens, are pieces of code slipped inside any digital file that identify it as “unique” in the open-receipt system known as blockchain. Once an NFT has been placed inside something like a movie or audio file, that particular file—just the one—is, in theory, the only one of its kind, and in the public ledger of the blockchain, anyone can look up that particular NFT to see whether it’s registered to a particular person.

The Infinite Machine: How an Army of Crypto-Hackers Is Building the Next Internet With Ethereum by Camila Russo

4chan, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, algorithmic trading, altcoin, always be closing, Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic, Asian financial crisis, Benchmark Capital, Big Tech, bitcoin, blockchain, Burning Man, Cambridge Analytica, Cody Wilson, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, distributed ledger, diversification, Dogecoin, Donald Trump, East Village, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, Flash crash, Free Software Foundation, Google Glasses, Google Hangouts, hacker house, information security, initial coin offering, Internet of things, Mark Zuckerberg, Maui Hawaii, mobile money, new economy, non-fungible token, off-the-grid, peer-to-peer, Peter Thiel, pets.com, Ponzi scheme, prediction markets, QR code, reserve currency, RFC: Request For Comment, Richard Stallman, Robert Shiller, Sand Hill Road, Satoshi Nakamoto, semantic web, sharing economy, side project, Silicon Valley, Skype, slashdot, smart contracts, South of Market, San Francisco, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, the payments system, too big to fail, tulip mania, Turing complete, Two Sigma, Uber for X, Vitalik Buterin

Rather than just link an image to a regular ERC20 token, the same standard that was used for ICOs, Roham and his team decided to create an entirely new Ethereum token standard, made specifically to represent individual “things,” not currencies. They would be a whole new category of coins. Roham and his team discussed what the right word for them would be and settled on “non-fungible tokens,” meaning each was unique, not interchangeable like ether, bitcoin, or ERC20 tokens sold in ICOs. Beyond collectible digital cats, the broader vision was that tokens under this new standard, called ERC721, could be linked to scarce, high-value items like artwork and luxury goods; other collectibles, like baseball cards; and items used and traded inside video games, like virtual weapons.

Trillion Dollar Triage: How Jay Powell and the Fed Battled a President and a Pandemic---And Prevented Economic Disaster by Nick Timiraos

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Alan Greenspan, asset-backed security, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, Bernie Sanders, bitcoin, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Bonfire of the Vanities, break the buck, central bank independence, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collective bargaining, coronavirus, corporate raider, COVID-19, credit crunch, cryptocurrency, Donald Trump, fear index, financial innovation, financial intermediation, full employment, George Akerlof, George Floyd, global pandemic, global supply chain, Greta Thunberg, implied volatility, income inequality, inflation targeting, inverted yield curve, junk bonds, lockdown, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, managed futures, margin call, meme stock, money market fund, moral hazard, non-fungible token, oil shock, Phillips curve, price stability, pushing on a string, quantitative easing, Rishi Sunak, risk tolerance, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, secular stagnation, Skype, social distancing, subprime mortgage crisis, Tesla Model S, too big to fail, unorthodox policies, Y2K, yield curve

The price of Bitcoin, the speculative cryptocurrency, was a staggering ten times higher than just a year earlier. Home prices were booming. Investors were pouring cash into newfangled investments, including something called special-purpose acquisition companies—essentially big pools of cash listed on an exchange, prowling for private companies to buy and take public. In March 2021, an artist sold a “non-fungible token”—a unique electronic file of digital art—for $69 million at Christie’s. That same month, hedge fund Archegos Capital Management ran into trouble. Archegos had made huge, concentrated bets in the stocks of individual companies, including media properties ViacomCBS Inc. and Discovery, using lots of money borrowed from Wall Street’s biggest banks.

Like, Comment, Subscribe: Inside YouTube's Chaotic Rise to World Domination by Mark Bergen

23andMe, 4chan, An Inconvenient Truth, Andy Rubin, Anne Wojcicki, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, book scanning, Burning Man, business logic, call centre, Cambridge Analytica, citizen journalism, cloud computing, Columbine, company town, computer vision, coronavirus, COVID-19, crisis actor, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data science, David Graeber, DeepMind, digital map, disinformation, don't be evil, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, fake news, false flag, game design, gender pay gap, George Floyd, gig economy, global pandemic, Golden age of television, Google Glasses, Google X / Alphabet X, Googley, growth hacking, Haight Ashbury, immigration reform, James Bridle, John Perry Barlow, Justin.tv, Kevin Roose, Khan Academy, Kinder Surprise, Marc Andreessen, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, mass immigration, Max Levchin, Menlo Park, Minecraft, mirror neurons, moral panic, move fast and break things, non-fungible token, PalmPilot, paypal mafia, Peter Thiel, Ponzi scheme, QAnon, race to the bottom, recommendation engine, Rubik’s Cube, Salesforce, Saturday Night Live, self-driving car, Sheryl Sandberg, side hustle, side project, Silicon Valley, slashdot, Snapchat, social distancing, Social Justice Warrior, speech recognition, Stanford marshmallow experiment, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, surveillance capitalism, Susan Wojcicki, systems thinking, tech bro, the long tail, The Wisdom of Crowds, TikTok, Walter Mischel, WikiLeaks, work culture

Venture capitalists went wild for “web3,” an internet model based on cryptocurrencies that imagined regular people owning and profiting from their online activity; this was YouTube’s creator economy taken to its next extreme. Sequoia, YouTube’s first investor, minted its 2005 YouTube investment memo as a “non-fungible token,” which a crypto enthusiast purchased for $863,000 in digital coin. There was business logic behind this rush to embrace creators. The pandemic turbocharged online entertainment and commerce. At the same time, the Web 2.0 model of targeted advertising was being dismantled by regulators; companies had a harder time marketing things online.