Mahatma Gandhi

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Inglorious Empire: What the British Did to India by Shashi Tharoor

"World Economic Forum" Davos, affirmative action, barriers to entry, Boris Johnson, British Empire, colonial exploitation, colonial rule, corporate raider, deindustrialization, European colonialism, global village, informal economy, Jeremy Corbyn, joint-stock company, land tenure, liberal capitalism, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, night-watchman state, Parkinson's law, trade route

Khilafat movement launched. 1922 Non-cooperation movement called off by Mahatma Gandhi after Chauri Chaura violence. 1927 & 1934 Indians permitted to sit as jurors and court magistrates. 1930 Jawaharlal Nehru becomes president of the Congress party. Purna Swaraj Resolution passed in Lahore. Will Durant arrives in India and is shocked by what he discovers of British rule. Mahatma Gandhi conducts the Salt March. 1935 Government of India Act. 1937 Provincial elections in eleven provinces; Congress wins eight. 1939 World War II breaks out.

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(There is only one notable exception I can recall, in a 1935 short story, ‘The Juice of an Orange’: ‘Why is there unrest in India? Because its inhabitants eat only an occasional handful of rice. The day when Mahatma Gandhi sits down to a good juicy steak and follows it up with roly-poly pudding and a spot of Stilton, you will see the end of all this nonsense of Civil Disobedience.’) But Indians saw that the comment was meant to elicit laughter, not agreement. (Mahatma Gandhi himself was up to some humorous mischief when, in 1947, far from sitting down to steak, he dined with the king’s cousin and the last viceroy, Lord Mountbatten, and offered him a bowl of home-made goat’s curd—perhaps from the same goat he took to England when he went to see the king in a loincloth!

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It could only work against opponents vulnerable to a loss of moral authority, governments responsive to domestic and international public opinion, governments capable of being shamed into conceding defeat. The British, representing a democracy with a free press and conscious of their international image, were susceptible to such shaming. But in Mahatma Gandhi’s own day non-violence could have done nothing for the Jews of Hitler’s Germany, who disappeared into gas chambers far from the flashbulbs of a war-obsessed press. It is ironically to the credit of the British Raj that it faced an opponent like Mahatma Gandhi and allowed him to succeed. The power of non-violence rests in being able to say, ‘to show you that you are wrong, I punish myself’. But that has little effect on those who are not interested in whether they are wrong and are already seeking to punish you whether you disagree with them or not.

Amritsar 1919: An Empire of Fear and the Making of a Massacre by Kim Wagner

British Empire, colonial rule, European colonialism, Mahatma Gandhi, sparse data, trade route, Wall-E

The atmosphere at the meeting was in fact remarkably relaxed: the Sub-Inspector of the CID, Babu Obadullah, had been given a table next to the speaker’s platform, where he was sitting in full sight taking notes of the proceedings.88 During the course of the afternoon, several speeches were made, and patriotic poems recited, before the enthusiastic crowd, which intermittently broke out in what had by then become the familiar slogans at Amritsar: ‘Mahatma Gandhi ki jai’ and ‘Hindu-Mussalman ki jai’. It was only with great difficulty that the spectators were induced to quiet down so that the speakers could be heard.89 One poem by Pandit Kotu Mal was notable for being addressed to the higher authority of George V, or ‘King’, as well as a non-denominational ‘God’, or ‘Lord’: O King, nothing is hidden from Thee.

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At Delhi, scuffles thus broke out when Satyagraha volunteers tried to force local shops to close down and the police intervened and arrested two young men.6 As word spread that the authorities were clamping down on the protests, large crowds gathered in the area around Delhi railway station (now known as Old Delhi station), Queen’s Park (now Mahatma Gandhi Park) and Chandni Chowk. When armed police and British soldiers sought to push back the crowds, protesters started throwing stones and the troops subsequently opened fire on two occasions, killing at least eight people.7 A British officer, Brigadier-General R.E.H. Dyer, who commanded the 45th Brigade at Jullundur, 50 miles east of Amritsar, was at that time driving in a car through Delhi on a holiday with his wife and niece.

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He had seen people running about in just the same way in an earthquake. His sense of something impending was so strong that he even imagined a darkening of the sky. Someone was shouting that the shops were already closed in every quarter of the city. Then above the confused murmur he heard the cry of ‘Mahatma Gandhi-ki-jai’, and he remembered it was the hartal . . .32 In Amritsar, Melicent and Gerard continued to go about their ordinary routine, yet the pretence of normalcy became increasingly difficult to maintain: ‘We went to church but the road was guarded and the soldiers wore ball cartridges.33 After that no Englishman could get a tonga – the shops refused to serve us – a sais was beaten who had been sent to fetch a tonga.

Living With the Himalayan Masters by Swami Rama

Mahatma Gandhi

After fifteen days’ stay with the baba I came back with the conclusion that the art of living and being, whether in the world or outside it, lies in awareness toward the purpose of life and non-attachment. In the Ashram of Mahatma Gandhi In the late 1930s and early ’40s I had the opportunity to stay with Mahatma Gandhi in Vardha Ashram, where I met many gentle and loving souls. While I was there I observed Mahatma Gandhi serving a leper. The leper was a learned Sanskrit scholar who was frustrated and angry, but Mahatma Gandhi personally looked after him with great care and love. That was an example to all of us. The way in which he served the sick left a lasting impression on me. My master told me to observe Mahatma Gandhi particularly when he walked, and when I did so I found that his walk was quite different from the walk of other sages.

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Swami Rama before leaving for Tibet He suspected me of being a spy for the Indian Congress Party, which was then fighting the British government. There were two groups in India at that time: one was Mahatma Gandhi’s group, which practiced non-violence and used the methods of passive resistance and non-cooperation; the other was the Terrorist Party of India. I was not a member of either, but the political officer found two letters in my possession, one written by Pandit Nehru, and another from Mahatma Gandhi. These letters were non-political, but they caused the political officer to be even more suspicious, and I was put under house arrest and forced to stay in an inspection bungalow [a government house usually used for traveling inspectors or officials].

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My First Days as a Swami A Constant Persecution Living on a Mount of Pebbles Temptations on the Path Should I Get Married? Spiritual Dignity Is Also Vanity A Miserable Experiment Charms of the World Two Naked Renunciates In the World and Yet Above To Lose Is to Gain VII. Experiences on Various Paths A Renowned Lady Sage With My Heart on My Palms and Tears in My Eyes Karma Is the Maker In the Ashram of Mahatma Gandhi “Not Sacrifice but Conquest”—Tagore Setting History Straight Maharshi Raman Meeting with Sri Aurobindo The Wave of Bliss Three Schools of Tantra The Seven Systems of Eastern Philosophy Soma VIII. Beyond the Great Religions A Christian Sage of the Himalayas My Meeting with a Jesuit Sadhu Jesus in the Himalayas A Vision of Christ Judaism in Yoga I Belong to None but God IX.

The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism by Jeremy Rifkin

3D printing, active measures, additive manufacturing, Airbnb, autonomous vehicles, back-to-the-land, benefit corporation, big-box store, bike sharing, bioinformatics, bitcoin, business logic, business process, Chris Urmson, circular economy, clean tech, clean water, cloud computing, collaborative consumption, collaborative economy, commons-based peer production, Community Supported Agriculture, Computer Numeric Control, computer vision, crowdsourcing, demographic transition, distributed generation, DIY culture, driverless car, Eben Moglen, electricity market, en.wikipedia.org, Frederick Winslow Taylor, Free Software Foundation, Garrett Hardin, general purpose technology, global supply chain, global village, Hacker Conference 1984, Hacker Ethic, industrial robot, informal economy, information security, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), intermodal, Internet of things, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, James Watt: steam engine, job automation, John Elkington, John Markoff, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, Julian Assange, Kickstarter, knowledge worker, longitudinal study, low interest rates, machine translation, Mahatma Gandhi, manufacturing employment, Mark Zuckerberg, market design, mass immigration, means of production, meta-analysis, Michael Milken, mirror neurons, natural language processing, new economy, New Urbanism, nuclear winter, Occupy movement, off grid, off-the-grid, oil shale / tar sands, pattern recognition, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer lending, personalized medicine, phenotype, planetary scale, price discrimination, profit motive, QR code, RAND corporation, randomized controlled trial, Ray Kurzweil, rewilding, RFID, Richard Stallman, risk/return, Robert Solow, Rochdale Principles, Ronald Coase, scientific management, search inside the book, self-driving car, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, smart grid, smart meter, social web, software as a service, spectrum auction, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, the built environment, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, the long tail, The Nature of the Firm, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Thomas L Friedman, too big to fail, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, urban planning, vertical integration, warehouse automation, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, web application, Whole Earth Catalog, Whole Earth Review, WikiLeaks, working poor, Yochai Benkler, zero-sum game, Zipcar

“From Micro-Grids to Smart Grids,” Kidela, November 20, 2012, http://www.kidela.com /resources/blackout-from-micro-grids-to-smart-grids/ (accessed September 30, 2013). 43. Ibid. 44. “Mahatma Gandhi on Mass Production,” interview, May 16, 1936, http://www.tinytechindia .com/gandhiji2.html (accessed April 21, 2013). 45. Surur Hoda, Gandhi and the Contemporary World (Indo-British Historical Society, 1997). 46. “Mahatma Gandhi on Mass Production.” 47. Ibid. 48. Ibid. 49. Hoda, Gandhi and the Contemporary World. 50. “Mahatma Gandhi on Mass Production.” 51. Hoda, Gandhi and the Contemporary World. 52. The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. 83, June 7, 1942–January 26, 1944 (New Delhi: Publications Division of the Government of India, 1999), 113, http://www.gandhiserve.org /cwmg/VOL083.PDF (accessed November 14, 2013). 53.

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The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. 83, June 7, 1942–January 26, 1944 (New Delhi: Publications Division of the Government of India, 1999), 113, http://www.gandhiserve.org /cwmg/VOL083.PDF (accessed November 14, 2013). 53. Mahatma Gandhi, The Mind of Mahatma Gandhi: Encyclopedia of Ghandi’s Thoughts, ed. R. K. Prabhu and U. R. Rao (Ahmedabad, India: Jitendra T Desai Navajivan Mudranalaya, 1966), 243–44. 54. Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, ed. Edwin Cannan (London: Methuen, 1961), 1: 475. 55. “Mahatma Gandhi’s Views,” TinyTech Plants, http://www.tinytechindia.com/gandhi4.htm (accessed June 14, 2013). 56. Prarelal, Mahatma Gandhi: Poornahuti, vol. 10: The Last Phase, part 2 (Ahmedabad, India: Navajivan Trust, 1956), 522.

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This development will spawn new business practices whose efficiencies and productivity take us to near zero marginal costs in the production and distribution of goods and services—easing us out of the capitalist period and into the collaboratist era. Among the first to glimpse the historical significance of a “Makers Infrastructure” were the local grassroots activists who constituted the Appropriate Technology Movement. The movement began in the 1970s and was inspired by the writing of Mahatma Gandhi, and later E. F. Schumacher, Ivan Illich, and—if it’s not too presumptuous—a book I authored called Entropy: A New World View. A new generation of DIY hobbyists, most of whom were veterans of the peace and civil rights movements, loosely affiliated themselves under the appropriate technology banner.

Waging a Good War: A Military History of the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1968 by Thomas E. Ricks

2021 United States Capitol attack, active measures, amateurs talk tactics, professionals talk logistics, Black Lives Matter, classic study, colonial rule, COVID-19, critical race theory, cuban missile crisis, desegregation, Donald Trump, Ferguson, Missouri, full employment, George Floyd, Howard Zinn, Kickstarter, Mahatma Gandhi, mass incarceration, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, union organizing, W. E. B. Du Bois, wikimedia commons

placed him in a straitjacket: David Garrow, Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (William Morrow, 1986), 146. “He just broke down and cried”: Quoted in Garrow, Bearing the Cross, 148. “a palace”: Quoted in Fischer, The Life of Mahatma Gandhi, 542. “I am quite at peace”: Quoted in Fischer, The Life of Mahatma Gandhi, 119. “He talked loud and big”: The account of this meeting here and in the following paragraphs is largely based on John Lewis, Walking with the Wind, 163–64. There are similar accounts in Diane McWhorter, Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama; The Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution (Simon & Schuster, 2012), 238, and in several memoirs of the Movement, such as James Farmer, Lay Bare the Heart, 207.

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The people getting off the bus: Katherine Charron, Freedom’s Teacher: The Life of Septima Clark (University of North Carolina Press, 2009), 310–11. “It is our duty to dress them first”: M. K. Gandhi, “My Loin-Cloth,” in The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. 28, BJP e-Library, library.bjp.org/jspui/handle/123456789/597, 369–71. A similar quotation appears in Joseph Lelyveld, Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle with India (Vintage, 2012), 163. Funded in large part by the Marshall Field Foundation: Information on funding is from Interview with Dorothy Cotton, Civil Rights History Project, Southern Oral History Program Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 32.

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Block entrances to stores outside nor the aisles inside. DO: Show yourself friendly and courteous at all times. Sit straight; always face the counter. Report all serious incidents to your leader. Refer information seekers to your leader in a polite manner. Remember the teachings of Jesus Christ, Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King. Love and nonviolence is the way. The role of the group leader was much like that of a squad leader in a military unit—that is, to make sure the rules were followed, and to buck up group members who faltered. Until this point, the police had maintained a presence at the protests, which deterred some attacks on the students.

Nonviolence: The History of a Dangerous Idea by Mark Kurlansky

Albert Einstein, anti-communist, Bartolomé de las Casas, Berlin Wall, British Empire, colonial rule, continuation of politics by other means, desegregation, Dr. Strangelove, European colonialism, Khyber Pass, Mahatma Gandhi, means of production, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, polynesian navigation, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ronald Reagan, working poor

Fernea Elizabeth Warnock, and Mary Evelyn Hocking, Austin: University of Texas Press, The Struggle for Peace: Israelis and Palestinians. Fischer Louis. New York: Harper & Row, The Life of Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi M. K. Mahadev Desai, trans. London: Penguin Books, An Autobiography, or the Story of My Experiments with Truth. Gandhi M. K. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, The Essential Writings of Mahatma Gandhi. Raghavan Iyer, Gandhi M. K. Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House, For Pacifists. Gandhi M. K. New York: New Directions, Gandhi on Non-Violence: A Selection from the Writings of Mahatma Gandhi. Thomas Merton, Gandhi M. K. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, Non-Violent Resistance (Satyagraha).

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I consider the cultivation of nonviolence and compassion as part of my daily practice. I do not think of it as something that is holy or sacred but as of practical benefit to myself. It gives me satisfaction; it gives me a sense of peace that is very helpful in maintaining sincere, genuine relationships with other people. Mahatma Gandhi took up the ancient but powerful idea of ahimsa, or nonviolence, and made it familiar throughout the world. Martin Luther King Jr. followed in his footsteps. The author is correct to point out that both men were regarded with suspicion by the authorities they opposed, but ultimately both achieved far-reaching and significant changes in the societies in which they lived.

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This is the approach I too have adopted with regard to the Chinese authorities concerning the issue of Tibet. Responding to violence with more violence is rarely appropriate. However, discussing non-violence when things are going smoothly does not carry much weight. It is precisely when things become really difficult, urgent, and critical that we should think and act with nonviolence. Mahatma Gandhi's great achievement was to revive and implement the ancient Indian concept of nonviolence in modern times, not only in politics, but also in day-to-day life. Another important aspect of his legacy is that he won independence for India simply by telling the truth. His practice of nonviolence depended wholly on the power of truth.

Essentialism: The Disciplined Pursuit of Less by Greg McKeown

90 percent rule, Albert Einstein, Clayton Christensen, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, David Sedaris, deliberate practice, double helix, en.wikipedia.org, endowment effect, impact investing, Isaac Newton, iterative process, Jeff Bezos, Lao Tzu, lateral thinking, loss aversion, low cost airline, Mahatma Gandhi, microcredit, minimum viable product, Nelson Mandela, North Sea oil, Peter Thiel, power law, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Thaler, Rosa Parks, Salesforce, Shai Danziger, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, sovereign wealth fund, Stanford prison experiment, Steve Jobs, TED Talk, Vilfredo Pareto

Eknath Easwaran, preface to The Essential Gandhi: An Anthology of His Writings on His Life, Work, and Ideas, ed. Louis Fischer (1962; repr., New York: Vintage, 1990), xx. 2. “Gandhiji’s Philosophy: Diet and Diet Programme,” n.d., Mahatma Gandhi Information Website, www.gandhi-manibhavan.org/gandhiphilosophy/philosophy_health_dietprogramme.htm. 3. library.thinkquest.org/26523/mainfiles/quotes.htm. 4. Albert Einstein, “Mahatma Gandhi,” in Out of My Later Years: Essays (New York: Philosophical Library, 1950). 5. Henry David Thoreau to H. G. O. Blake, March 27, 1848, in The Portable Thoreau, ed. Jeffrey S. Cramer (London: Penguin, 2012). 6.

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In his book, Brown includes a primer to help readers reconnect with play. He suggests that readers mine their past for play memories. What did you do as a child that excited you? How can you re-create that today? CHAPTER 8 SLEEP Protect the Asset EACH NIGHT, WHEN I GO TO SLEEP, I DIE. AND THE NEXT MORNING, WHEN I WAKE UP, I AM REBORN. —Mahatma Gandhi Geoff sat straight up in bed, in a panic. He felt as if a bomb had exploded in his head. He was sweating and discombobulated. He listened intensely. What was going on? Everything was silent. Perhaps it was a weird reaction to something he’d eaten. He tried to go back to sleep. The next night it happened again.

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More importantly, of course, he devoted his life to helping the people of India gain independence. He intentionally never held a political position of any kind, yet he became, officially within India, the “Father of the Nation.” But his contribution extended well beyond India. As General George C. Marshall, the American secretary of state, said on the occasion of Gandhi’s passing: “Mahatma Gandhi had become the spokesman for the conscience of mankind, a man who made humility and simple truth more powerful than empires.”3 And Albert Einstein added: “Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth.”4 It is impossible to argue with the statement that Gandhi lived a life that really mattered.

The 5 AM Club: Own Your Morning. Elevate Your Life. by Robin Sharma

Abraham Maslow, Albert Einstein, dematerialisation, epigenetics, fake news, Grace Hopper, hedonic treadmill, impulse control, index card, invisible hand, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Kickstarter, Lao Tzu, large denomination, Mahatma Gandhi, Menlo Park, mirror neurons, Nelson Mandela, New Journalism, Rosa Parks, telemarketer, white picket fence

“And as each of us does our part to make our personal revolutions, every relationship in our life—from the one we have with our craft to the connections we share with each other—improves with us,” offered the artist. “Sort of like Mahatma Gandhi’s words ‘Be the change you wish to see in the world,’” added the entrepreneur, her face glowing in the soft light of the candle as she rubbed her new ring. “I read a little about his life before I went to sleep last night.” “With all due respect,” pronounced The Spellbinder compassionately, “Mahatma Gandhi’s actual words have been adjusted over the years, to become a sound bite that suits a culture experiencing a collective deficit of attention.”

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The excellent news is that this kind of power I speak of is available to anyone alive on the planet today. We might have forgotten and disowned this form of potency we have as life has hurt, disappointed and confused us. But it’s still there waiting for us to build a relationship with it. And develop it. All of the great teachers of history owned very few things, you know. When Mahatma Gandhi died he had about ten possessions, including his sandals, a watch, his eyeglasses and a simple bowl to eat from. Mother Teresa, so prosperous of heart and rich with the authentic power to influence millions, died in a tiny room containing almost no worldly goods. When she’d travel, she’d carry all her things in a white cloth bag.”

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And to experience empires in your outer life you need to develop your inner ones first,” reinforced the billionaire. He started to sip from a bottle of green-colored liquid that one of the fishermen had given him when he hopped out of the motor boat. If you looked very closely at the text printed on the glass, you’d read these words of Mahatma Gandhi: “The only devils in the world are those running in our own hearts. That is where the battle should be fought.” “As you consistently increase the inherent power inside you,” Mr. Riley continued, “you’ll actually begin to see an alternate reality flush with gorgeous opportunity and luxurious possibility.

Goodbye, Things: The New Japanese Minimalism by Fumio Sasaki

Airbnb, Albert Einstein, death from overwork, fixed-gear, Lao Tzu, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, mirror neurons, Skype, Steve Jobs

I’m not sure the question matters much, but it’s intriguing to think about. I think Steve Jobs was one example of a perfect minimalist. Mother Teresa was another. I’ve heard that when she passed away, all she left behind was a well-worn sari, a cardigan, an old bag, and a pair of worn-out sandals. Mahatma Gandhi, a man of nonpossession, was also said to have left behind very sparse living quarters. Consider the ancient Greek philosopher Diogenes of Sinope. Diogenes is said to have owned only the sheet of cloth that he wore and a wooden bowl—which he shattered one day when he saw a peasant child drink from the hollow of his hands.

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The same goes for my backpack and my wallet. I’m no longer embarrassed about doing anything. From this point on, I’m simply going to do whatever I feel like doing. I’m more engaged with the world around me. Whatever you do will be insignificant, but it is very important that you do it. —attributed to MAHATMA GANDHI I’m no longer a superintrovert I now have time. I’m not afraid of how people see me. I easily keep up with housework, which leads to more confidence. This is how the positive cycle of minimalism begins, and what started as a tiny swirl will gradually become a bigger circle. Because of this cycle, there is no longer anything that prevents me from trying something.

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When you look at the people who’ve been enjoying long lives, there will be barely any exceptions to the fact that fine relationships have been nurtured among them. You don’t need to have a hundred friends. There are some people who don’t have family. But scores of research results indicate that ties with neighbors and treasured friends are indispensable for happiness. Mirror neurons and built-in kindness Mahatma Gandhi, who taught nonpossession, said, “Service which is rendered without joy helps neither the servant nor the served. But all other pleasures and possessions pale into nothingness before service which is rendered in a spirit of joy.” Even if we can’t serve others like Gandhi did over the course of his life, it’s true that we experience a sense of joy when we do something for another person.

The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History Since 1900 by David Edgerton

agricultural Revolution, anti-communist, British Empire, Computer Numeric Control, conceptual framework, creative destruction, deglobalization, dematerialisation, desegregation, deskilling, Dr. Strangelove, endogenous growth, Fairchild Semiconductor, Ford Model T, general purpose technology, global village, Great Leap Forward, Haber-Bosch Process, interchangeable parts, knowledge economy, Lewis Mumford, Mahatma Gandhi, manufacturing employment, means of production, megacity, microcredit, Neil Armstrong, new economy, post-Fordism, post-industrial society, Productivity paradox, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, spinning jenny, tacit knowledge, technological determinism, the long tail, Upton Sinclair, urban planning

At the other end of the world, an expensive (male) tailor working alone making men’s suits in Lecce, Italy, also used a treadle-operated Singer.24 Treadle-powered sewing machines feature regularly in discussions of micro-credit initiatives supported by international development agencies. The sewing machine had a very particular place in the thinking of Mahatma Gandhi, as exemplary of an alternative approach to production. Gandhi was a strong opponent of the machine-based industries and famously argued not for mass production, but for production by the masses. Yet, he made what he called ‘intelligent exceptions’ to this hostility to industrially-made machines.

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For the free-rider problem would otherwise also apply to governments – why should the Indian government fund research that would equally be exploited by Pakistani, or US citizens? We should recognise of course that in the 1950s the US dominated world research and development, and thus could be thought of as a closed system. 15. A national technology. Mahatma Gandhi reading newspaper clippings next to a Charkha (spinning wheel), the great symbol of the Indian National Congress. The spinning wheel was re-introduced into India in the twentieth century as a result of a campaign led by Gandhi to promote ‘production by the masses’. This implicit techno-nationalism is also found in another justification for national funding of research (and development).

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For some white European intellectuals in the interwar years, a critique of western industrial civilisation was built on celebration, often with noble savage overtones, of the ancient less corrupted cultures of Africa and Asia. A very few non-white intellectuals, and fewer African and Asians, were themselves putting this forward, among them Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi. See Michael Adas, Machines as the Measure of Men: Science, Technology and Ideologies of Western Dominance (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989), pp. 380–401. 18. Gustavo Riofrio and Jean-Claude Driant, ¿Que Vivienda han construido? Nuevos Problemas en viejas barriadas (Lima: CIDAP/IFEA/TAREA, 1987). 19.

Hemingway Didn't Say That: The Truth Behind Familiar Quotations by Garson O'Toole

Abraham Maslow, Albert Einstein, Anton Chekhov, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, Bertrand Russell: In Praise of Idleness, en.wikipedia.org, Honoré de Balzac, Internet Archive, Lao Tzu, Mahatma Gandhi, New Journalism, ought to be enough for anybody, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ronald Reagan, Russell Brand, Steve Jobs, Wayback Machine, Yogi Berra

In modern times, the Oscar-winning 1982 biopic Gandhi helped to popularize the connection between Gandhi and the saying. The film depicted the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the ensuing violent riots. Gandhi and a close political ally exchanged the following dialogue:10 Mohammed Ali Jinnah: After what they did at the massacre? It’s only an eye for an eye. Mahatma Gandhi: An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind. In conclusion, Mahatma Gandhi may have used the expression, but no conclusive evidence for this has yet been discovered. It is also possible that the ascription is inaccurate, and the books of Louis Fischer may have inadvertently helped to establish the attribution. Notes: 1.

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This is the earliest citation located by QI that connects Gandhi with the saying:5 The shreds of individuality cannot be sewed together with a bayonet; nor can democracy be restored according to the Biblical injunction of an “eye for an eye” which, in the end, would make everybody blind. Another important early biography by Fischer, The Life of Mahatma Gandhi, was published in 1950.6 Fischer used the maxim again while explaining the concept of Satyagraha, but he did not attribute the words to Gandhi. This citation appears in The Yale Book of Quotations: Satyagraha is peaceful. If words fail to convince the adversary perhaps purity, humility, and honesty will.

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Accessed in HathiTrust, https://goo.gl/4T3QeZ. 4. [Henry] Powell Spring, What Is Truth (Winter Park, FL: Orange Press, 1944), 10. Verified in hard copy. 5. Louis Fischer, Gandhi and Stalin: Two Signs at the World’s Crossroads (New York: Harper, 1947), 61. Verified in hard copy. 6. Louis Fischer, The Life of Mahatma Gandhi (New York: Harper, 1950), 77. Verified in hard copy. 7. Martin Luther King Jr., Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story (New York: Harper, 1958), 213. Verified in hard copy. 8. Ralph Keyes, The Quote Verifier: Who Said What, Where, and When (New York: St. Martin’s, 2006), 74–75. Verified in hard copy. 9.

Capitalism: A Ghost Story by Arundhati Roy

activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Bretton Woods, corporate governance, feminist movement, Frank Gehry, ghettoisation, Howard Zinn, informal economy, land bank, land reform, Mahatma Gandhi, means of production, megacity, microcredit, Nelson Mandela, neoliberal agenda, Occupy movement, RAND corporation, reserve currency, special economic zone, spectrum auction, stem cell, The Chicago School, Washington Consensus, WikiLeaks

The Kalpasar dam, which would raise the sea level and alter the ecology of hundreds of kilometers of coastline, was the cause of serious concerns amongst scientists in a 2007 report.23 It has made a sudden comeback in order to supply water to the Dholera Special Investment Region (SIR) in one of the most water-stressed zones not just in India but in the world. SIR is another name for a SEZ, a self-governed corporate dystopia of industrial parks, townships, and megacities. The Dholera SIR is going to be connected to Gujarat’s other cities by a network of ten-lane highways. Where will the money for all this come from? In January 2011 in the Mahatma (Gandhi) Mandir, Gujarat’s Chief Minister Narendra Modi presided over a meeting of ten thousand international businessmen from one hundred countries. According to media reports, they pledged to invest $450 billion in Gujarat. The meeting was deliberately scheduled to take place on the tenth anniversary of the massacre of two thousand Muslims in February 2002.

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We now have the backstory about Anna’s old relationship with the right-wing Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).4 We have heard from Mukul Sharma, who has studied Anna’s village community in Ralegan Siddhi, where there have been no Gram Panchayat or cooperative society elections in the last twenty-five years. We know about Anna’s attitude to “harijans”: “It was Mahatma Gandhi’s vision that every village should have one chamar, one sunar, one kumhar and so on. They should all do their work according to their role and occupation, and in this way, a village will be self-dependent. This is what we are practicing in Ralegan Siddhi.”5 Is it surprising that members of Team Anna have also been associated with Youth for Equality, the antireservation (pro-“merit”) movement?

1946: The Making of the Modern World by Victor Sebestyen

anti-communist, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, Bretton Woods, British Empire, centre right, classic study, clean water, colonial rule, disinformation, Etonian, European colonialism, Fall of the Berlin Wall, full employment, Herbert Marcuse, illegal immigration, imperial preference, Kickstarter, land reform, long peace, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, Mikhail Gorbachev, Monroe Doctrine, moral hazard, operation paperclip

General George Marshall and Zhou Enlai (© Gamma-Keystone / Getty Images) 18. Mao Zedong (© Underwood Photo Archives / SuperStock) 19. General Marshall with Chiang Kai-shek and his wife Mei-ling (© The LIFE Picture Collection / Getty Images) 20. Poverty and starvation in China (© Image Asset Management Ltd. / SuperStock) 21. Jawaharlal Nehru and Mohandas ‘Mahatma’ Gandhi (© The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images) 22. Mohammed Ali Jinnah (© AFP / Getty Images) 23. Communist partisans in Athens during the Greek Civil War (© Getty Images) 24. Greek partisans line up for battle (© Heritage Images / Getty Images) 25. Marshal Josef Broz Tito (© Getty Images) 26.

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Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 2000 ———, Inside Hitler’s Greece: the Experience of Occupation, 1941–1944. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1995 ———, (ed.), After the War Was Over: Reconstructing the Family, Nation, and State in Greece, 1943–1960. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2000 Mehta, Ved, Mahatma Gandhi and his Apostles. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1977 Menand, Louis, ‘Getting Real: George Kennan’s Cold War’, New Yorker, 14 November 2011 Menon, V. P., The Story of the Integration of the Indian States. Longmans, Green, London, 1956 ———, The Transfer of Power in India. Longmans, Green, London, 1957 Mikołajczyk, Stanisław, The Rape of Poland: Pattern of Soviet Aggression.

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Cambridge, New York, 2005 Willoughby, John, ‘The Sexual Behaviour of American GIs during the Early Years of the Occupation of Germany’, Journal of Military History, vol. 62, January 1998 Wilson, Francesca, Aftermath: France, Germany, Austria, Yugoslavia, 1945 and 1946. Penguin, London, 1947 Wolff-Mönckeberg, Mathilde, On the Other Side: To My Children: From Germany, 1940–1945. Persephone Books, London, 2007 Wolpert, Stanley, Gandhi’s Passion: The Life and Legacy of Mahatma Gandhi. Oxford University Press, New York, 2001 ———, Jinnah of Pakistan. Oxford University Press, New York, 1984 ———, Nehru: A Tryst with Destiny. Oxford University Press, New York, 1996 Yergin, Daniel, Shattered Peace: The Origins of the Cold War and the National Security State. André Deutsch, London, 1978 Zhukov, Georgi, The Memoirs of Marshal Zhukov.

The Billionaire Raj: A Journey Through India's New Gilded Age by James Crabtree

"World Economic Forum" Davos, accounting loophole / creative accounting, Asian financial crisis, behavioural economics, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Branko Milanovic, business climate, call centre, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, centre right, colonial rule, commodity super cycle, Cornelius Vanderbilt, corporate raider, creative destruction, crony capitalism, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, Deng Xiaoping, Donald Trump, facts on the ground, failed state, fake news, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, global supply chain, Gunnar Myrdal, income inequality, informal economy, Joseph Schumpeter, land bank, liberal capitalism, Mahatma Gandhi, McMansion, megacity, Meghnad Desai, middle-income trap, New Urbanism, offshore financial centre, open economy, Parag Khanna, Pearl River Delta, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, post-truth, public intellectual, quantitative easing, rent-seeking, Rubik’s Cube, Shenzhen special economic zone , Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, smart cities, special economic zone, spectrum auction, tech billionaire, The Great Moderation, Thomas L Friedman, transaction costs, trickle-down economics, vertical integration, Washington Consensus, WikiLeaks, yellow journalism, young professional

Traffic moved easily up the neat six-lane highway north from the airport towards Gandhinagar, the state capital and Modi’s longtime seat of power. Small scenes of his achievements as chief minister zipped by the window, from technology parks and glass office buildings to the Mahatma Mandir, a giant convention center named after Mahatma Gandhi, who was born in the state and for much of his life lived in a modest ashram nearby. The scene was prosperous and orderly; a model for the country Modi aspired to lead. Over the previous year he had crisscrossed India delivering rousing speeches attacking corruption and economic mismanagement.

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Rejecting the divisions of caste, it formally claimed as Hindus all those whose religions viewed India as their spiritual homeland: a typology that included Sikhs and Jains, but pointedly excluded Muslims and Christians, who today make up about fourteen percent and two percent of the population respectively.11 It was an idea that had its most tragic consequence when Nathuram Godse, a Hindutva ideologue and former RSS activist, assassinated Gandhi in 1948, shooting him in the chest on his way to an evening prayer meeting. Nehru outlawed the organization, claiming “these people had the blood of Mahatma Gandhi on their hands,” one of three occasions on which the group has been banned since Independence.12 But a year later it was allowed to re-form. In the years that followed it went on to spawn a wider family of Hindu nationalist organizations, known as the Sangh Parivar, covering everything from trade unions and farmers’ organizations to youth and student groups, and eventually the BJP itself.

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For its adherents, Modi’s Gujarat embodied the best of what India was becoming: a churning entrepôt marked by industrialization and urbanization, a birthplace of billionaires, and home to a developing middle-class, consumerist society. Modi himself was fond of quoting India’s most famous national founder, claiming that his own model of business-friendly development would ultimately benefit the least privileged as well. “Mahatma Gandhi used to say: ‘What is there for the last man?’ ” Modi once told an interviewer. “So my development parameter is very simple. It is about how the poorest of the poor can benefit.”43 Yet after a decade of his rule, little such development had reached Juhapura, whose residents complained of unpaved roads, unreliable water supplies, and inadequate schooling.

Free Speech And Why It Matters by Andrew Doyle

Ayatollah Khomeini, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, Bonfire of the Vanities, Boris Johnson, defund the police, disinformation, fake news, Herbert Marcuse, Index librorum prohibitorum, invention of the printing press, Jon Ronson, Joseph Schumpeter, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, microaggression, Overton Window, plutocrats, Silicon Valley, Streisand effect, zero-sum game

Across the country, many university and school curricula are being ‘decolonised’ of authors and works on the basis of identity politics or moral purity. There have been calls to demolish statues of historical figures with ties to the slave trade, such as Edward Coulston or Cecil Rhodes. But there have been more surprising targets, such as monuments to Mahatma Gandhi and Abraham Lincoln. Cancel culture is not limited to the living. Debates surrounding these issues are complicated, and perspectives vary depending on whether these monuments are deemed to be celebratory in nature or remnants of a history that we would be unwise to forget. But wherever one stands on the issue, it is important to note that the totalitarian mindset has always been revisionist in nature, so we are right to be cautious about where such actions might eventually lead.

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p.95‘the Right of every Man to his own opinion’: Quoted by Christopher Hitchens, Thomas Paine’s Rights of Man: A Biography (Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 2006), p. 123. p.95the ‘outdated notion’ of Western civilisation: Craig Simpson, ‘Exclusive: British Library’s chief librarian claims “racism is the creation of white people”’, the Telegraph (29 August 2020). p.96monuments to Mahatma Gandhi and Abraham Lincoln: In London, there have been consultations about whether statues and other landmarks, including street names, should be modified in accordance with today’s values. This kind of government-sanctioned revisionism is reminiscent of Winston’s words in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four: ‘Every record has been destroyed or falsified, every book has been rewritten, every picture has been repainted, every statue and street and building has been renamed, every date has been altered.

Civilization: The West and the Rest by Niall Ferguson

Admiral Zheng, agricultural Revolution, Albert Einstein, Andrei Shleifer, Atahualpa, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, BRICs, British Empire, business cycle, clean water, collective bargaining, colonial rule, conceptual framework, Copley Medal, corporate governance, creative destruction, credit crunch, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, Dean Kamen, delayed gratification, Deng Xiaoping, discovery of the americas, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Easter island, European colonialism, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial engineering, Francisco Pizarro, full employment, Great Leap Forward, Gregor Mendel, guns versus butter model, Hans Lippershey, haute couture, Hernando de Soto, income inequality, invention of movable type, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, James Hargreaves, James Watt: steam engine, John Harrison: Longitude, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, Kickstarter, Kitchen Debate, land reform, land tenure, liberal capitalism, Louis Pasteur, Mahatma Gandhi, market bubble, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, means of production, megacity, Mikhail Gorbachev, new economy, Pearl River Delta, Pierre-Simon Laplace, power law, probability theory / Blaise Pascal / Pierre de Fermat, profit maximization, purchasing power parity, quantitative easing, rent-seeking, reserve currency, retail therapy, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, savings glut, Scramble for Africa, Silicon Valley, South China Sea, sovereign wealth fund, special economic zone, spice trade, spinning jenny, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, subprime mortgage crisis, Suez canal 1869, Suez crisis 1956, The Great Moderation, the market place, the scientific method, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, total factor productivity, trade route, transaction costs, transatlantic slave trade, undersea cable, upwardly mobile, uranium enrichment, wage slave, Washington Consensus, women in the workforce, work culture , World Values Survey

Now, they fly through the air in trains at the rate of four hundred and more miles per day … Formerly, when people wanted to fight with one another, they measured between them their bodily strength; now it is possible to take away thousands of lives by one man working behind a gun from a hill … There are now diseases of which people never dreamt before, and an army of doctors is engaged in finding out their cures, and so hospitals have increased. This is a test of civilization … What more need I say? … This civilization is such that one has only to be patient and it will be self-destroyed. According to the teaching of Muhammad this would be considered a Satanic Civilization. Hinduism calls it the Black Age … It must be shunned. Mahatma Gandhi It is a people which by its sons (Robespierre, Descartes, etc.) has done much for humanity. I do not have the right to wish it evil. Senegalese student BURKE’S PROPHECY From the middle of the nineteenth century until the middle of the twentieth, the West ruled over the Rest. This was the age not just of empires but of imperialism, a theory of overseas expansion that justified the formal and informal domination of non-Western peoples on both self-interested and altruistic grounds.

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Even at the time, their conduct aroused bitter criticism. Indeed, the word ‘imperialism’ is a term of abuse that caught on with nationalists, liberals and socialists alike. These critics rained coruscating ridicule on the claim that the empires were exporting civilization. Asked what he thought of Western civilization, the Indian nationalist leader Mahatma Gandhi is said to have replied wittily that he thought it would be a good idea. In Hind Swaraj (‘Indian Home Rule’), published in 1908, Gandhi went so far as to call Western civilization ‘a disease’ and ‘a bane’.2 Mark Twain, America’s leading anti-imperialist, preferred irony. ‘To such as believe’, he wrote in 1897, ‘that the quaint product called French civilization would be an improvement upon the civilization of New Guinea and the like, the snatching of Madagascar and the laying on of French civilization there will be fully justified.’3 The Bolshevik leader Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was also being ironic when he called imperialism ‘the highest stage of capitalism’, the result of monopolistic banks struggling ‘for the sources of raw materials, for the export of capital, for spheres of influence, i.e., for spheres for profitable deals, concessions, monopoly profits and so on’.

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In 1904 global sales passed 1.3 million machines a year. By 1914 that figure had more than doubled. The brand logo – the ‘S’ wrapped around a sewing woman – was ubiquitous, to be seen even (according the firm’s advertising copywriters) on the summit of Mount Everest. In a rare concession to modernity, Mahatma Gandhi acknowledged that it was ‘one of the few useful things ever invented’ – praise indeed from the man who disdained even modern medicine.40 Singer exemplified the American advantage. Not only was the United States still attracting, as it always had, the world’s natural-born risk-takers. Now there were enough of them to constitute a truly unmatched internal market.

The Achievement Habit: Stop Wishing, Start Doing, and Take Command of Your Life by Bernard Roth

Albert Einstein, Build a better mousetrap, Burning Man, classic study, cognitive bias, correlation does not imply causation, deskilling, do what you love, fear of failure, functional fixedness, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, school choice, Silicon Valley, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, zero-sum game

We can learn from a child as well as from a famous celebrity. It is important not to be disillusioned when you find out your idols have clay feet. They can still be your teachers. You might even be able to learn more from obviously imperfect people than from those still pretending to be perfect. Does the fact that Mahatma Gandhi was not a great father to his children invalidate his message and example? Does the fact that a politician had an illicit affair invalidate the good work she has done? You can choose a priori to rule certain influences out of your life, or you can be inclusive and take the relevant lessons from each.

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Braverman points out that work that allows for self-expression satisfies human needs, and he traces the roots of the trend toward deskilling of both work and workers. In Braverman’s terms, the machines that enhance people’s skills are considered life-supporting, while those that deskill people and devalue their work are life-destroying.2 Perhaps the best spokesperson for the need to define the proper role of machines is Mahatma Gandhi. Asked whether he was opposed to machines, he answered,3 How can I be when I know that even this body is a most delicate piece of machinery? The spinning wheel is a machine, a little toothpick is a machine. What I object to is the craze for machinery, not machinery as such. The craze is for what they call labour-saving machinery.

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Second, I like that it implies that it is normal for people to have a sane life even though we live in a crazy world. 1.Kurt Vonnegut, Player Piano (New York: Doubleday, 1952). 2.Harry Braverman, Labor and Monopoly Capital (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974). 3.Gandhi is quoted as having said this in Delhi in 1924 by Mahadev DeSai; cited in the preface to Mahatma Gandhi, Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule (Ahmedabad, India: Jitendra T. Desai/Navajivan, 1938), pp. 5–6. 4.E. F. Schumacher, Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered (New York: HarperCollins, 1973). 5.Ibid., pp. 56–66. 6.Lawrence Weschler, Seeing Is Forgetting the Name of the Thing One Sees (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982). 7.The quest for personal autonomy in a harsh assembly line environment is insightfully portrayed in the short story “Joe, the Vanishing American” by Harvey Swados (1957).

Divided: Why We're Living in an Age of Walls by Tim Marshall

affirmative action, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, Brexit referendum, cryptocurrency, Deng Xiaoping, digital divide, Donald Trump, end world poverty, facts on the ground, gentrification, illegal immigration, immigration reform, income inequality, it's over 9,000, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, mass immigration, megacity, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, New Urbanism, open borders, openstreetmap, profit motive, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan: Tear down this wall, Scramble for Africa, Silicon Valley, South China Sea, the built environment, trade route, unpaid internship, urban planning

A majority of people were converted to Islam west of the Thar Desert and in the Ganges Delta basin (the same regions that now comprise Pakistan and Bangladesh), but almost everywhere else the majority of people remained Hindu. In 1947, as the British withdrew, India’s founding fathers, especially Mahatma Gandhi, had a vision of creating a multi-faith democratic state stretching east to west from the Hindu Kush to the Rakhine Mountains, and north to south from the Himalayas to the Indian Ocean. But Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who would go on to become Pakistan’s first leader, believed that because Muslims would be a minority in this state they required their own country.

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National secular laws have in theory banned discrimination, but as the system is dominated by people in the higher castes who want to maintain it, the laws are not enforced. Many politicians are also reluctant to take real action as they rely on block votes from certain castes. The system is deeply embedded in the culture of the country. For example, Mahatma Gandhi, who was from one of the ‘higher’ castes, said: ‘I believe that if Hindu society has been able to stand, it is because it is founded on the caste system . . . To destroy the caste system and adopt the Western European social system means that Hindus must give up the principle of hereditary occupation which is the soul of the caste system.

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., ‘A global ranking of port cities with high exposure to climate extremes’, Climatic Change, vol. 104, no. 1 (January 2011), pp. 89–111 Hasnain, Lieutenant General Syed Ata, ‘Why the fence on the line of control’, South Asia Defence and Strategic Review, May 2014 Jones, Reece, Violent Borders: Refugees and the Right to Move (London and New York: Verso, 2016) Lindley, Mark, ‘Changes in Mahatma Gandhi’s views on caste and intermarriage’, Hacettepe University (Ankara) Social Sciences Journal, vol. 1 (1999) Roy, Arundhati, ‘India’s shame’, Prospect Magazine, 13 November 2014 Shamshad, Rizwana, ‘Politics and origin of the India–Bangladesh border fence’, paper presented to the 17th Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia in Melbourne, 1–3 July 2008 ‘Skin colour tied to caste system, says study’, Times of India, 21 November 2016 Sukumaran Nair, P., Indo-Bangladesh Relations (New Delhi: APH Publishing, 2008) Tripathi, Sanjeev, ‘Illegal immigration from Bangladesh to India: toward a comprehensive solution’, Carnegie India, 29 June 2016 Chapter 6: Africa Agyemang, Felix, ‘The emergence of gated communities in Ghana and their implications on urban planning and management’, Developing Country Studies, vol. 3, no. 14 (July 2013), pp. 40–46 Aisien, Ebiuwa, and Oriakhi, Felix O.

Brilliant, Crazy, Cocky: How the Top 1% of Entrepreneurs Profit From Global Chaos by Sarah Lacy

Asian financial crisis, barriers to entry, Benchmark Capital, BRICs, clean tech, clean water, cloud computing, Deng Xiaoping, digital divide, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, fear of failure, Firefox, Great Leap Forward, Huaqiangbei: the electronics market of Shenzhen, China, income per capita, intangible asset, Jeff Bezos, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, M-Pesa, Mahatma Gandhi, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Max Levchin, McMansion, megacity, Network effects, off-the-grid, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), paypal mafia, QWERTY keyboard, risk tolerance, Salesforce, Skype, social web, Steve Jobs, Tony Hsieh, urban planning, web application, women in the workforce, working-age population, zero-sum game

Things just don’t get done quickly in a democracy serving more than 1 bil ion people who don’t speak the same language, don’t have jobs, and don’t have access to basic communications and infrastructure. And part of it is the nature of India. Before colonial times, India had never been a united country. During the struggle for independence, the founding fathers of India like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru ultimately failed to keep the country united, with Pakistan being carved off as a Muslim state. Gandhi and Nehru refused to give into India’s Hindu majority, insisting that India—unlike Pakistan—remain a secular nation. That didn’t mean the country had no religion, but rather that none was above the others.

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Unlike China, Indian cities don’t have the infrastructure to support a ful -scale migration, nor does India have a powerful, autocratic government that can mold new satel ite cities out of nothing. Delhi tried with Gurgaon, a city constructed so haphazardly that most of the companies operating there run off generators. India isn’t 10 years behind China, as many pundits say. What worked for China won’t work in India. India has to find another path to modernity. Even Mahatma Gandhi used to say: If you want to change India, change the vil ages. Too high-minded social thinking for greed-based entrepreneurs? Hardly. The vil ages are where the mass market is in India. And if the country can crack the sachet equivalent of the digital revolution, it wil have a leg up on bridging the same divide in Africa, Southeast Asia, and any corner of the world where the Web is experienced over a pay-as-you-go monthly phone.

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Endeavor Entrepreneurship: in emerging markets globalization of political ramifications U.S. history of Ericsson Estrin, Judy Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Facebook: employee cachet funding for in Indonesia as media giant PayPal role in social network Factory Girls (Chang) Fal ows, James FARC. See Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia (FARC) Farmer, Paul Fast Company Federal Reserve Bank FedEx 56.com Financial Times Firefox Forbes “Midas List,” Foxconn Friendster Gandhi, Mohandas K. (Mahatma) Gandhi, Pravin Gates, Bil Gates Foundation GDP: Africa China-related Rwanda Singapore wages as share of U.S. world comparisons General Motors Geni Genocide, Rwandan Ghate, Ravi Giant Interactive Giuffrida, Fred Globalization Goldman Sachs Gomes, Marco Gondal, Vishal Google: ad build-out in China as competitor as copycat founder of funding for immigrant success story as innovator in Israel powerhouse vis-à-vis Tencent Web share YouTube acquisition Gourevitch, Philip Grant Thornton LLP Great Leap Forward (Mao) Greenfield opportunities: in Brazil in China defined in India in Israel venture capital and in Western world Groupon Grove, Andy Growth Enterprise Board G7 nations Gupta, Abhishek Gupta, Naren Habyarimana, Juvenal Hambrecht & Quist Hanna, Jack Harvard Business School He, Eric Hertz, Matt Hewlett-Packard Highland Capital Partners Hinduism, culture of Hiware Bazar (India) Ho, Roy Hole-in-the-Wal program Horsley Bridge Partners Hsieh, Tony Huawei Hulu ICQ IL&FS Image Café Immigrants: Brazilian as economic asset as entrepreneurs Indian to Indonesia role in Israel In U.S.

A Concise History of Modern India (Cambridge Concise Histories) by Barbara D. Metcalf, Thomas R. Metcalf

affirmative action, Berlin Wall, British Empire, classic study, colonial rule, commoditize, demand response, European colonialism, Fall of the Berlin Wall, gentleman farmer, income inequality, joint-stock company, Khyber Pass, land reform, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, means of production, new economy, scientific management, Silicon Valley, spice trade, Suez canal 1869, telemarketer, trade route, upwardly mobile, urban planning

With Gandhi they had a leader who could at once appeal effectively to those outside the narrow constituency of the educated, and yet contain any potential threat to their own predominance in society. t h e p ow e r o f g a n d h i ’ s n a m e : s u p p o rt e rs and opponents Although Gandhi by 1919 had found a responsive audience for a new political practice – as crowds turned out in their thousands to shout ‘Mahatma Gandhi ki jai’ (Long live the Mahatma) – his appeal was never uniform across India, and many, while following him, made of him the ‘mahatma’ they wanted. To understand Gandhian nationalism, therefore, it is necessary at the outset to take account of who supported him, and why, as well as who did not.

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Yet the sacrifices were gladly made, for, as Jawaharlal Nehru wrote in his autobiography, we had a ‘feeling of satisfaction at doing effective political work which was changing the face of India before our eyes’, and even, he admitted, ‘an agreeable sense of moral superiority over our opponents’. In Bihar and UP the cry of ‘Mahatma Gandhi ki jai’ radiated outwards to the foothills of the Himalayas and down to the oppressed tenantry of the region’s great landlords. Yet in these remote areas, as it circulated among an impoverished peasantry, Gandhi’s message took on unexpected shapes. Gandhi, and his volunteer workers in the localities, had devised what they saw as an appropriate role for these peasant masses.

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As one woman told her ‘rescuer’, ‘I have lost my husband and have now gone in for another. You want me to go to India where I have got nobody.’ For the Indian and Pakistani governments, however, none of this mattered. Not until 1954 was forcible repatriation abandoned as official policy. t h e h i n du r i g h t a n d t h e as sas s i n at i o n of gandhi On 30 January 1948 Mahatma Gandhi was murdered by a Hindu zealot as he was leading a prayer meeting in New Delhi. Jawaharlal Nehru spoke for a grief-striken nation when he told India in a radio broadcast, ‘The light has gone out of our lives and there is darkness everywhere.’ Despite the deep sense of loss the Mahatma’s death, at age seventy-eight, produced in India, Gandhi had become increasingly marginal to the Indian political scene ever since the end of the war.

Surviving AI: The Promise and Peril of Artificial Intelligence by Calum Chace

3D printing, Ada Lovelace, AI winter, Airbnb, Alvin Toffler, artificial general intelligence, augmented reality, barriers to entry, basic income, bitcoin, Bletchley Park, blockchain, brain emulation, Buckminster Fuller, Charles Babbage, cloud computing, computer age, computer vision, correlation does not imply causation, credit crunch, cryptocurrency, cuban missile crisis, deep learning, DeepMind, dematerialisation, Demis Hassabis, discovery of the americas, disintermediation, don't be evil, driverless car, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, epigenetics, Erik Brynjolfsson, everywhere but in the productivity statistics, Flash crash, friendly AI, Geoffrey Hinton, Google Glasses, hedonic treadmill, hype cycle, industrial robot, Internet of things, invention of agriculture, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, John von Neumann, Kevin Kelly, life extension, low skilled workers, machine translation, Mahatma Gandhi, means of production, mutually assured destruction, Neil Armstrong, Nicholas Carr, Nick Bostrom, paperclip maximiser, pattern recognition, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer model, Peter Thiel, radical life extension, Ray Kurzweil, Robert Solow, Rodney Brooks, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Skype, South Sea Bubble, speech recognition, Stanislav Petrov, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, strong AI, technological singularity, TED Talk, The future is already here, The Future of Employment, theory of mind, Turing machine, Turing test, universal basic income, Vernor Vinge, wage slave, Wall-E, zero-sum game

The flip side of this is “salience”, when something you have reason to pay attention to starts appearing everywhere you look. Thus if you buy a Lexus car, there may suddenly seem to be many more of them on the road than before. “Anchoring” is another way in which we are easily misled. If you ask people whether Mahatma Gandhi was older than 35 when he died and then ask them to guess his exact age when he died, they will give a lower answer than if your first question was whether he was over 100 when he died. (To save you looking it up, he was 78.) Some of our forms of bias are very damaging. How much better would our political processes be if we were not subject to “confirmation bias”, which makes us more attentive to data and ideas which confirm our existing viewpoints than to data and ideas which challenge them?

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The best we can hope for is that any evolution in the superintelligence’s goals takes them in directions we would approve of. Some people take comfort from the belief that if an entity starts off with benevolent motivations, it will not turn malevolent. Few people would disagree with the proposition that Mahatma Gandhi was a man of good will. If you had offered him a pill which would turn him into a murderer, he would have refused to take it, even if he believed that becoming a murderer would serve some noble purpose. There has been a fair amount of debate about whether Gandhi’s resolve to retain his moral probity could be diluted, but as far as I know, no method has yet been found to guarantee that a superintelligence could not alter its goals in such a way that it would end up harming us.

Evil Genes: Why Rome Fell, Hitler Rose, Enron Failed, and My Sister Stole My Mother's Boyfriend by Barbara Oakley Phd

agricultural Revolution, Alfred Russel Wallace, Barry Marshall: ulcers, cognitive dissonance, conceptual framework, corporate governance, dark triade / dark tetrad, Deng Xiaoping, disinformation, double helix, Great Leap Forward, Gregor Mendel, impulse control, Mahatma Gandhi, meta-analysis, Milgram experiment, mirror neurons, Mustafa Suleyman, Norbert Wiener, phenotype, Ponzi scheme, prisoner's dilemma, Richard Feynman, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, seminal paper, Silicon Valley, Stanford prison experiment, Steven Pinker, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, twin studies, union organizing, Y2K

Never have I enjoyed such swearing before or since.”50 Years later, Thomas Jefferson dryly noted Washington's reaction to a provocation at a cabinet meeting: Washington became “much inflamed; got into one of those passions when he cannot command himself.”51 Yet, despite—and possibly related to—his passion and sometimes overwhelming efforts to master it, Washington managed to control and resist a temptation to remain in power that Julius Caesar, Oliver Cromwell, Napoleon, Lenin, Mao, and thousands of other leaders, great and small, have been unable to resist. An anguished Napoleon commented on his deathbed, “They wanted me to be another Washington.” But he wasn't. Washington wasn't alone in harboring a volatile side that he attempted to control even as he performed noble deeds. Spiritual master of nonviolence Mahatma Gandhi shared the same characteristic. (Beyond their shared temper, Gandhi, like Washington, wasn't above rewriting his own history to burnish his legend.)52 Biographer Louis Fischer, who knew Gandhi personally, reported, “He had a violent nature and his subsequent mahatma-calm was the product of long training in temperament-control.”53 Early on, it was Gandhi's wife who felt the brunt of his temper.

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Famed Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton, popular with his crew (and consequently disliked by fellow explorer Robert Falcon Scott), delighted everyone with his wonderful memory and “amazing treasure of most interesting anecdote.”93 Many top political leaders with good or great reputations—and remarkable memories—include Mahatma Gandhi, Winston Churchill, Charles de Gaulle, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Margaret Thatcher,g.94 and Chinese president Hu Jintau, as well as business leaders such as Warren Buffett, Jack Welch, and Bill Gates. Other top business leaders with a different sort of reputation—but no less remarkable a memory—include indicted Hollinger CEO Conrad Black, convicted former Enron CEO Jeffrey Skilling, convicted CEO Martha Stewart, and (if you consider mob bosses to be business leaders), dreaded capo di tutti i capi Toto Riina.95 President Bill Clinton, with his marvelously retentive memory, could cover gaffes such as being given the wrong speech for his first State of the Union address through recollection and ad-libbing—no one ever guessed what was going on until later.

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Does a killer whale have a choice when it toys with a terrified seal pup? If I've learned anything through these many years of research, it's that Carolyn's choices were a bit like the choices a tree on a windy shoreline has in deciding how tall and how bent to grow. Sure, others, as for example, George Washington and Mahatma Gandhi, were probably able to produce real changes in their neurological makeup through their conscious choices—strengthening their top-down control even if they were unable to adjust their bottom-up passions. Research is in fact showing that extraordinary neural shifts can take place through long-term conscious efforts.7 But what of those, like Carolyn, who don't seem to have the requisite neural apparatus to understand that there is a problem, not with drinking, or with others, but rather, with themselves?

The Post-American World: Release 2.0 by Fareed Zakaria

"World Economic Forum" Davos, affirmative action, agricultural Revolution, airport security, Alan Greenspan, anti-communist, Asian financial crisis, battle of ideas, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, Bretton Woods, BRICs, British Empire, call centre, capital controls, central bank independence, centre right, collapse of Lehman Brothers, conceptual framework, Credit Default Swap, currency manipulation / currency intervention, delayed gratification, Deng Xiaoping, double entry bookkeeping, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial innovation, global reserve currency, global supply chain, Great Leap Forward, illegal immigration, interest rate derivative, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), knowledge economy, low interest rates, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Wolf, mutually assured destruction, National Debt Clock, new economy, no-fly zone, oil shock, open economy, out of africa, Parag Khanna, postindustrial economy, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, reserve currency, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, South China Sea, Steven Pinker, Suez crisis 1956, The future is already here, The Great Moderation, Thomas L Friedman, Thomas Malthus, three-masted sailing ship, trade route, Washington Consensus, working-age population, young professional, zero-sum game

From the Philippines and Haiti to Vietnam and Iraq, the natives’ reaction to U.S. efforts has taken Americans by surprise. Americans take justified pride in their own country—we call it patriotism—and yet are genuinely startled when other people are proud and possessive of theirs. In the waning days of Britain’s rule in India, its last viceroy, Lord Louis Mountbatten, turned to the great Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi and said in exasperation, “If we just leave, there will be chaos.” Gandhi replied, “Yes, but it will be our chaos.” That sense of being governed by one’s “own,” without interference, is a powerful feeling in emerging countries, especially those that were once colonies or quasi-colonies of the West.

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Our policy therefore necessarily rested on the intuition of one man, who was Foreign Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru.” This meant that India’s early foreign policy was driven by Nehru’s principles and prejudices, which were distinctive. Nehru was an idealist, even a moralist. He was for nonalignment and against the Cold War. His mentor, Mahatma Gandhi, was an unyielding pacifist. “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth,” Gandhi used to say, “and soon the world will be blind and toothless.” The mahatma was revered in India almost like a god, and his strategy of nonviolence had brought down an empire. Like many of his followers, Nehru was determined to chart a new course in international affairs that lived up to those ideals.

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But these attitudes are most true of India’s English-speaking elite—still a minority in the country—that is in some ways more comfortable in the West’s world than in its own. (Ask an educated Indian businessman, scholar, scientist, or bureaucrat what was the last book he read in a language other than English.) Mahatma Gandhi was a more distinctly Indian figure. His foreign policy ideas were a mixture of Hindu nonviolence and Western radicalism, topped up with a shrewd practicality that was probably shaped by his merchant class background. When Nehru called himself the “last” Englishman to rule India, he sensed that as the country developed, its own cultural roots would begin showing more clearly and would be ruled by more “authentic” Indians.

Power, for All: How It Really Works and Why It's Everyone's Business by Julie Battilana, Tiziana Casciaro

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, Abraham Maslow, affirmative action, agricultural Revolution, Albert Einstein, algorithmic bias, Andy Rubin, Asperger Syndrome, benefit corporation, Big Tech, BIPOC, Black Lives Matter, blood diamond, Boris Johnson, British Empire, call centre, Cass Sunstein, classic study, clean water, cognitive dissonance, collective bargaining, conceptual framework, coronavirus, COVID-19, CRISPR, deep learning, different worldview, digital rights, disinformation, Elon Musk, Erik Brynjolfsson, fake news, feminist movement, fundamental attribution error, future of work, George Floyd, gig economy, Greta Thunberg, hiring and firing, impact investing, income inequality, informal economy, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invention of movable type, Jeff Bezos, job satisfaction, Joshua Gans and Andrew Leigh, Mahatma Gandhi, means of production, mega-rich, meritocracy, meta-analysis, Milgram experiment, moral hazard, Naomi Klein, Nelson Mandela, Occupy movement, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, principal–agent problem, profit maximization, Ralph Waldo Emerson, ride hailing / ride sharing, Salesforce, School Strike for Climate, Second Machine Age, shareholder value, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, social distancing, Social Justice Warrior, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, Steven Pinker, surveillance capitalism, tacit knowledge, tech worker, the scientific method, The Wisdom of Crowds, TikTok, Tim Cook: Apple, transatlantic slave trade, union organizing, zero-sum game

In the realm of consumer behavior, brands, organizations, and leaders can gain or lose power because they align or fail to align with contemporary moral values. Appealing to moral principles to mobilize people for change is also a universal source of power. If you think back to social change icons like Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, and Mother Teresa or, more recently, Malala Yousafzai, their ideals are what enabled them to influence others. This is also how, in 2019, sixteen-year-old Greta Thunberg’s Fridays for Future mobilized an estimated 4 million people in 163 countries to march, protest, and join strikes for climate action.68 But while moral appeals are powerful, they are not always virtuous.

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Micah, Kalle, and so many others who occupied their cities had hoped that this would be the protest that led to the rise of a radically new social and economic system. Yet, the capitalist system did not change much, if at all, in the following months. What went wrong? Some may jump to the conclusion that the movement came short because it lacked an exceptionally charismatic leader, like Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., or Nelson Mandela. But a single iconic change maker, no matter how remarkable, rarely changes the course of organizations or society on their own, because an isolated individual’s call to action is far too easy to disregard. These iconic figures used their power to inspire and influence thousands, sometimes millions of individuals to step out of their routine and join a movement to bring about the changes they envisioned.

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The term was first used in an anthology of the works of American essayist, poet, and philosopher Henry David Thoreau.19 Thoreau believed that it was justifiable and indeed morally necessary for honest citizens to rebel against unjust and oppressive laws. He himself refused to pay a new Massachusetts poll tax to express his rejection of slavery and of the Mexican–American War. Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. are among the many movement leaders inspired by his writing who have resorted to acts of civil disobedience and nonviolent protests.20 To assess the effectiveness of such protests, political scientists Erica Chenoweth and Maria Stephan analyzed data from violent and nonviolent resistance efforts around the globe between 1900 and 2006.

Rebooting India: Realizing a Billion Aspirations by Nandan Nilekani

Airbnb, Atul Gawande, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, bitcoin, call centre, carbon credits, cashless society, clean water, cloud computing, collaborative consumption, congestion charging, DARPA: Urban Challenge, data science, dematerialisation, demographic dividend, digital rights, driverless car, Edward Snowden, en.wikipedia.org, energy security, fail fast, financial exclusion, gamification, Google Hangouts, illegal immigration, informal economy, information security, Khan Academy, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, land reform, law of one price, M-Pesa, machine readable, Mahatma Gandhi, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, mobile money, Mohammed Bouazizi, more computing power than Apollo, Negawatt, Network effects, new economy, off-the-grid, offshore financial centre, price mechanism, price stability, rent-seeking, RFID, Ronald Coase, school choice, school vouchers, self-driving car, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, single source of truth, Skype, smart grid, smart meter, software is eating the world, source of truth, Steve Jobs, systems thinking, The future is already here, The Nature of the Firm, transaction costs, vertical integration, WikiLeaks, work culture

Be tting big on technology: The trend is your friend Whenever Sanjay Sahni, a school dropout working as an electrician in New Delhi returned to his home village of Ratnauli in Bihar’s Muzaffarpur district, he would be besieged by complaints from villagers that they weren’t getting their dues under the government’s MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Generation Act) scheme, meant to provide guaranteed employment and wages to rural residents. Sahni used to store his tools in a New Delhi cybercafe; knowing nothing about computers, one day he impulsively typed ‘NREGA Bihar’ into Google, and found the official list of villagers who were supposedly beneficiaries.

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The second is its openness, exemplified by the fact that Aadhaar is designed as a platform providing a single service—identity verification—that can be easily plugged into any application requiring such a service. Today, Aadhaar is used to verify identity in a host of government schemes and services. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act now uses Aadhaar numbers to make payments; recipients can withdraw money through Aadhaar-linked microATMs. The subsidy for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is administered by linking a consumer’s information with their Aadhaar numbers. Banks have established e-KYC (electronic-Know Your Customer) processes using Aadhaar to open new bank accounts, and the government itself uses Aadhaar to track the attendance of employees.

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The basic banking infrastructure that will arise in every village of India will be the engine that powers further innovation in financial services for the benefit of every citizen; it will help create a truly integrated and inclusive economy. 4 Mending our Social Safety Nets There are people in the world so hungry, that God cannot appear to them except in the form of bread. —Mahatma Gandhi KRIPA SHANKAR IS a slight, moustachioed farmer from a small village near Amethi in the state of Uttar Pradesh. When Viral met him in 2012, he was pushing his bicycle by the side of a large highway, their conversation periodically drowned out by the ear-splitting honking of trucks as they roared past.

The Food Revolution: How Your Diet Can Help Save Your Life and Our World by John Robbins

Albert Einstein, caloric restriction, caloric restriction, carbon footprint, clean water, complexity theory, do well by doing good, double helix, Exxon Valdez, food miles, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), laissez-faire capitalism, longitudinal study, Mahatma Gandhi, meta-analysis, profit motive, Ralph Nader, randomized controlled trial, Rosa Parks, telemarketer

"It's in the ditches and the roadsides; it's in the shelterbelts; it's in the gardens; it's all over.... We're just touching the tip of the iceberg in contamination of fields by this Roundup genetic canola." s On October 2, 2000, the 131st anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi's birth, Gandhi's family gave this Canadian farmer the prestigious Mahatma Gandhi award. An enormous crowd of 300,000 Indian farmers gathered to listen to and support Percy Schmeiser. When I first learned that Monsanto was suing Percy Schmeiser because their crops had invaded his fields, I could hardly believe it. It seemed ludicrous.

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By 1999, nations throughout the European community, including Sweden, Denmark, Austria, Ireland, Finland, Belgium, and the Netherlands, had enacted almost complete bans on veal crates.45 As well, in 1999, agriculture ministers from the European Union agreed to end all caged egg production in Europe by 2012, replacing it completely with free-range farming.46 In 2000, scientists from the United Kingdom called for an end to all factory farming in Europe as the only sure way to halt Mad Cow disease.47 And in 2001, the European Union proposed new animal welfare rules for pigs.48 Attorney David Wolfson commented, "The contrast is stark: the United States alters the law to allow cruel farming practices while Western European countries are banning cruel farming practices."49 Seeing such a dramatic contrast, I am reminded of the words of one of our world's great moral leaders, Mahatma Gandhi, who said, "The greatness of a nation can be judged by the way its animals are treated." Fortunately, there are voices within the U.S. meat industry who understand the wisdom of the direction the Europeans are taking. Rather than resisting the public's growing awareness, they say, it would be good business to take animal protection issues seriously.

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Our power lies in our deepest human responses. Our power does not lie in looking the other way. Through history there have always been people who have chosen to be vegetarians because they did not feel it was right to kill animals for food when it was not necessary, when there was other nourishing food available. People like Mahatma Gandhi, Albert Einstein, and countless others have been ethical vegetarians for just such reasons. But today, because of the way animals are raised for market, the question of whether or not it's ethical to eat meat has a whole new meaning and a whole new urgency. Never before have animals been treated like this.

Ten Myths About Israel by Ilan Pappe

British Empire, disinformation, facts on the ground, friendly fire, ghettoisation, Jeremy Corbyn, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, Nelson Mandela, one-state solution, Suez canal 1869, WikiLeaks

However, even if this was true, it might have been possible to find a solution that was not restricted to the biblical map and that did not dispossess the Palestinians. This position was voiced by a quite a few well-known personalities, such as Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela. These commentators tried to suggest that the Palestinians should be asked to provide a safe haven for persecuted Jews alongside the native population, not in place of it. But the Zionist movement regarded such proposals as heresy. The difference between settling alongside the native people and simply displacing them was recognized by Mahatma Gandhi when he was asked by the Jewish philosopher, Martin Buber, to lend his support to the Zionist project. In 1938, Buber had been asked by Ben-Gurion to put pressure on several well-known moral figures to show their public support for Zionism.

1947: Where Now Begins by Elisabeth Åsbrink

Albert Einstein, anti-communist, British Empire, disinformation, Grace Hopper, Gunnar Myrdal, haute couture, illegal immigration, Mahatma Gandhi, Mount Scopus, trade route

Der Weg has always supported the Arabs in their struggle for freedom and their just combat against the forces of darkness embodied by world Jewry, which have dared to rob the Palestinian Arabs of their forefathers’ ancestral homeland and to steal their property. Sirs, may you continue the struggle for justice with undiminished strength, and may it be crowned with success. New Delhi After evening prayers at home in Birla House, people gather to receive spiritual guidance. Mahatma Gandhi again speaks of the catastrophe that is still unfolding, the agony of India, partition, and the violence against women. He often speaks of women, of those who are being abducted and raped to death. This evening, his address concerns those who have been enslaved but survived, those who have returned without noses or arms, with humiliating words carved into their foreheads and bodies.

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“According to information obtained by the Swedish Security Service, he works at the Ministry of Propaganda, organizing propaganda against Israel.” Swedish Security Service, file on von Leers, PM 8/10 1956. Der Weg’s tenth anniversary. Der Weg, No. 7/8, 1956. Gandhi’s speech of December 26, 1947. Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, GandhiServe Foundation. The past is never dead. It’s not even past. — William Faulkner

The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable by Amitav Ghosh

Alfred Russel Wallace, Anthropocene, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, British Empire, carbon footprint, climate fiction, Donald Trump, double helix, Fellow of the Royal Society, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, James Watt: steam engine, Jeremy Corbyn, Mahatma Gandhi, market fundamentalism, megacity, megaproject, Michael Shellenberger, Naomi Klein, non-fiction novel, Ronald Reagan, spinning jenny, Ted Nordhaus, Upton Sinclair, upwardly mobile, urban planning

This is indeed the essence of humanity’s present derangement. 9 Imperialism was not, however, the only obstacle in Asia’s path to industrialization: this model of economy also met with powerful indigenous resistances of many different kinds. While it is true that industrial capitalism met with resistance on every continent, not least Europe, what is distinctive in the case of Asia is that the resistance was often articulated and championed by figures of extraordinary moral and political authority, such as Mahatma Gandhi. Among Gandhi’s best-known pronouncements on industrial capitalism are these famous lines written in 1928: ‘God forbid that India should ever take to industrialism after the manner of the West. If an entire nation of 300 millions [sic] took to similar economic exploitation, it would strip the world bare like locusts.’

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A philosopher of this tradition, in responding to the argument that the moral imperative of climate change comes from the need to save the millions of lives in Asia, Africa, and elsewhere, might well quote David Hume: ‘’Tis not contrary to reason to prefer the destruction of the whole world to the scratching of my finger.’ Climate activists’ appeals to morality will not necessarily find much support here. Last, we already know, from the example of Mahatma Gandhi, that the industrial, carbon-intensive economy cannot be fought by a politics of sincerity. Gandhi invested himself, body and soul, in the effort to prevent India from adopting the Western, industrial model of economy. Drawing on many different traditions, he articulated and embodied a powerful vision of renunciatory politics; no reporter would have had the gall to ask him what he had sacrificed; his entire political career was based upon the idea of sacrifice.

Railways & the Raj: How the Age of Steam Transformed India by Christian Wolmar

Beeching cuts, British Empire, collective bargaining, colonial rule, James Dyson, John Snow's cholera map, joint-stock company, Khyber Pass, Kickstarter, low cost airline, Mahatma Gandhi, Meghnad Desai, Ponzi scheme, railway mania, strikebreaker, Suez canal 1869, trade route, women in the workforce

They are often the first casualties of war since blowing up a line or causing a train to crash are relatively easy acts of sabotage with widespread consequences, as demonstrated by the activities of modern terrorists who routinely attack trains and stations. The fears of the British, therefore, may have been somewhat exaggerated as most Indians either supported or were indifferent to the advent of the railways, but they were well-founded. As we shall see in Chapter 7, Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of the Indian independence movement, made great play of the role of the railways as an instrument of imperial repression and was, at times, openly hostile to them. THREE CONTROLLING THE RAILWAYS WHILE THE GENEROUS arrangements that guaranteed the companies a rate of return may have been necessary to kick-start construction in the early days, they were neither sustainable nor practical in the long term.

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The privations of the journey did not prevent a significant increase in the numbers travelling to pay their respects to the gods once they were able to travel by train. The railways gave an opportunity for hundreds of thousands of new pilgrims, but, as we have seen, the companies made little effort to make the journeys of these pilgrims bearable. Mahatma Gandhi, in fact, was rather scathing about these new pilgrims, suggesting that, without going through the hardship of a long walk or journey on a bullock cart, the experience of worship was degraded. This seemed rather unfair. Holy places were now able to attract the old and the infirm who would not have been able to travel on the arduous roads.

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Most of the network ground to a halt, stations were empty, goods trains held up for lengthy periods and few passenger services operated. However, the reaction of the government was uncompromising. Nehru’s daughter, the Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi (she had taken the name of her husband, Feroze Gandhi, born Gandhy, who was not related to Mahatma Gandhi), reacted strongly, arresting 30,000 railway workers under emergency preventative detention laws, and at least four protesting railway workers were killed during battles with the police. The strike was undermined by the use of strikebreakers from the Railway Territorial Army. This was an organization that had been created out of the Railway Volunteers, the not-so voluntary force of Europeans and Eurasians which, as mentioned in Chapter 6, Kipling had seen being trained.

The Divide: A Brief Guide to Global Inequality and Its Solutions by Jason Hickel

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Alan Greenspan, Andrei Shleifer, Asian financial crisis, Atahualpa, Bartolomé de las Casas, Bernie Sanders, Bob Geldof, Bretton Woods, British Empire, Cape to Cairo, capital controls, carbon credits, carbon footprint, carbon tax, clean water, collective bargaining, colonial rule, Cornelius Vanderbilt, David Attenborough, David Graeber, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, declining real wages, degrowth, dematerialisation, Doha Development Round, Elon Musk, European colonialism, falling living standards, financial deregulation, flying shuttle, Fractional reserve banking, Francisco Pizarro, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, Global Witness, Hans Rosling, happiness index / gross national happiness, Howard Zinn, income inequality, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), investor state dispute settlement, James Watt: steam engine, laissez-faire capitalism, land reform, land value tax, liberal capitalism, Live Aid, Mahatma Gandhi, Money creation, Monroe Doctrine, Mont Pelerin Society, moral hazard, Naomi Klein, negative emissions, Nelson Mandela, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, out of africa, Phillips curve, planned obsolescence, plutocrats, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, rent control, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, Scramble for Africa, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, structural adjustment programs, TED Talk, The Chicago School, The Spirit Level, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, transfer pricing, trickle-down economics, Washington Consensus, WikiLeaks, women in the workforce, Works Progress Administration

But during the 1950s and 1960s the governments of the United States, Britain and France realised that it could have power beyond their borders as well, and they began to wield it as a weapon in their foreign policy arsenal. They were worried about the progressive ideas that were bubbling up across the global South in the aftermath of colonialism. The leaders of the new independent nations were rejecting Truman’s story about global inequality. Drawing on insights from thinkers such as Karl Marx, Aimé Césaire and Mahatma Gandhi, they pointed out that underdevelopment in the global South was not a natural condition, but a consequence of the way Western powers had organised the world system over hundreds of years. They wanted to change the rules of the global economy to make it fairer for the world’s majority. They wanted to stop foreigners from plundering their resources, to take control of their own abundant raw materials and to build their own industries without Western interference.

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The progressive political parties that began to take control in Europe after the Second World War had little appetite for colonialism as it conflicted with the growing discourse on equality, national sovereignty and human rights.9 Indeed, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations a few years after the war ended. Europe’s colonial subjects, who had committed immense resources and millions of troops essential to the success of the war effort, wondered why they too shouldn’t benefit from this new regime and receive equal rights alongside Europeans. Anti-colonial thinkers like Mahatma Gandhi and Marcus Garvey had been sowing the idea of independence for a number of decades, and in the middle of the century it began to bear fruit. After waves of powerful civil disobedience, the British finally withdrew from India in 1947. France retreated from Syria and Lebanon, and a revolution in Egypt put an end to British occupation in 1952.

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I also owe many others. To this day, when I sit down to re-read Aimé Césaire’s Discourse on Colonialism, I can’t help but feel that he said in 1950 everything that I have tried to say in this book, everything that has bubbled within me for so long, only more brilliantly. So too with figures like Frantz Fanon, Mahatma Gandhi, Walter Rodney, Julius Nyerere, and many others. And then there are those who said more with their lives than with their words – who risked everything in the struggle for a fairer world, and were killed for their efforts. From Patrice Lumumba to Salvadore Allende, all the way up to Berta Cáceres – I count them among my ancestors.

The Key Man: The True Story of How the Global Elite Was Duped by a Capitalist Fairy Tale by Simon Clark, Will Louch

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, An Inconvenient Truth, anti-communist, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, British Empire, clean water, collapse of Lehman Brothers, colonial rule, coronavirus, corporate governance, COVID-19, dark triade / dark tetrad, do well by doing good, Donald Trump, fake news, forensic accounting, high net worth, impact investing, income inequality, Jeffrey Epstein, Kickstarter, load shedding, low cost airline, Mahatma Gandhi, megacity, Menlo Park, Michael Milken, Mohammed Bouazizi, Nelson Mandela, offshore financial centre, planetary scale, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, profit maximization, rolling blackouts, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, SoftBank, sovereign wealth fund, Suez crisis 1956, TED Talk, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, trade route, Virgin Galactic, WikiLeaks, young professional

Named after Queen Victoria, Empress of India, the market was built in the 1880s on a plot of land where British soldiers executed local freedom fighters by blowing them to pieces with cannonballs. When the British gave up the empire at midnight on August 14, 1947, they divided the land into two new nations: the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Republic of India. The pacifist politician Mahatma Gandhi had dreamed of creating one free and united India for citizens of all religions but his vision didn’t come true. Pakistan was made for Muslims, and India was dominated by Hindus. People migrated by foot, ox cart, and train across the new border—to or from Pakistan depending on their religion—with millions suffering injury, rape, or death in the violent transition.

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Muhammad Yunus, the Nobel Prize laureate who pioneered providing microloans to poor people in Bangladesh, appeared on the screen. “If we imagine today what kind of world we want, then that’s the world we create,” he said. “If we do not imagine, it will not be done.” Martin Luther King marches, a man hacks at the Berlin Wall, Mahatma Gandhi prays, an Egyptian girl cheers the Arab Spring, African boys smile on a dusty road. “It’s neither pragmatism nor inspiration that drives me,” the Scottish singer Annie Lennox said in the film. “It’s more the passion.” A moment of silence. Then a word flashed in red in ten different languages: AMBITION.

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As the Canadian billionaire cried out and punched the air, Sir Ronald leaped to his feet with the rest of the audience and chanted with his fist jabbing skyward. “Si, se puede,” Sir Ronald cried. With the audience suitably warmed up, the star attractions entered. Arif and Richard Branson were there to represent the ambition of Mandela. Skoll was anointing them as heirs to a line of civic heroes going back to Martin Luther King and Mahatma Gandhi. Their ambition was not supposed to be like Macbeth’s. In William Shakespeare’s tragic play, the scheming Scottish lord who plots treachery and deception becomes trapped in a downward spiral of crime and depravity. Macbeth asks the stars in the sky to hide their light to cover his black and deep desires.

Brit-Myth: Who Do the British Think They Are? by Chris Rojek

Bob Geldof, British Empire, business climate, colonial rule, deindustrialization, demand response, full employment, Gordon Gekko, Isaac Newton, Khartoum Gordon, Live Aid, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, means of production, post-industrial society, public intellectual, Red Clydeside, sceptred isle, Stephen Hawking, the market place, urban planning, Winter of Discontent

Heroes do what is good, just and right, and even though they may be ambiguous or flawed characters they often sacrifice themselves to show humanity at its best and most humane (www.filmsite.org/afi100 heroesvilla.html) Three British characters feature in the top 50: James Bond (Dr No); T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia); and Robin Hood (The Adventures of Robin Hood). Six British actors feature in the top 50: Sean Connery (James Bond, Dr No); Peter O’Toole (T. E. Lawrence, Lawrence of Arabia); Liam Neeson (Oskar Schindler, Schindler’s List); Ben Kingsley (Mahatma Gandhi, Gandhi); Alec Guinness (Obi-Wan Kenobi, Star Wars); and Charlie Chaplin (The Tramp, City Lights). Oddly, only two of these roles are about genuinely British heroes from national history and literature: James Bond and T. E. Lawrence. Moreover, 134 BRIT-MYTH the actors employed to play them have an ambivalent relationship to British national identity.

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The remaining four British actors in Hollywood’s top six may bring national qualities to their performances, but the parts that they play are not heroes purported to distil the essence of British national life. Neeson, a Northern Irishman, plays Oskar Schindler, an ethnic German born in Austro-Hungary, with a Londonderry air of calculated insouciance and noblesse oblige; Kingsley’s Mahatma Gandhi is a scourge of the British in India; Alec Guinness’s Obi-Wan Kenobi is a creation of science fiction; and the Tramp, portrayed by Lambeth-born Charlie Chaplin, is a representation of the romantic, urban everyman. These actors aren’t portraying British characters. Nonetheless, their interpretation of the roles is recognized by audiences as bringing something recognizably heroic and British to the films.

Shadows of Empire: The Anglosphere in British Politics by Michael Kenny, Nick Pearce

battle of ideas, Berlin Wall, Boris Johnson, Bretton Woods, Brexit referendum, British Empire, colonial rule, corporate governance, Dominic Cummings, Donald Trump, eurozone crisis, Fall of the Berlin Wall, floating exchange rates, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, global reserve currency, imperial preference, informal economy, invention of the telegraph, Khartoum Gordon, labour mobility, Les Trente Glorieuses, liberal capitalism, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, Monroe Doctrine, Neal Stephenson, Nixon shock, public intellectual, quantitative easing, reserve currency, Ronald Reagan, Steve Bannon, Suez canal 1869, Suez crisis 1956, trade route, Washington Consensus

Churchill was known as somebody ready to advocate military action by Britain to defend its imperial interests and willing to break with mainstream orthodoxy in defending such a stance. He urged a firm military response during the 1920s in the face of the growing nationalist movement in India, a position that was seen as defying credibility in official circles. And in 1931 he reacted with fury to the news of negotiations between the viceroy of India and Mahatma Gandhi for a political truce after the latter had launched a campaign of civil disobedience. In an address to the Council of the West Essex Unionist Association, he declared: It is alarming and also nauseating to see Mr. Gandhi, an Inner Temple lawyer, now become a seditious fakir of a type well known in the East, striding half-naked up the steps of the Palace, while he is still organizing and conducting a defiant campaign of civil disobedience. … The truth is that Gandhi-ism and all it stands for will have to be grappled with and finally crushed.6 These diehard motifs were important elements in his thinking about India in particular, and the British Empire more generally, but they were not the whole story.7 Churchill also held with some consistency to several key principles that tended to shape his various judgements about the imperial situations and issues with which he engaged.

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Notes 1  Winston Churchill, A History of the English-Speaking Peoples (London: Folio Society, 2002). 2  See, for instance, Daniel Hannan, How We Invented Freedom and Why it Matters (London: Head of Zeus, 2013). 3  Srdjan Vucetic, The Anglosphere: A Genealogy of a Racialized Identity in International Relations (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011). 4  William Roger Louis, Speak for England: Leo Amery and the British Empire in the Age of Churchill (London: I. B. Tauris, 2013). 5  Richard Toye, Churchill's Empire: The World that Made Him and the World he Made (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2015). 6  ‘The “half-naked”, “seditious fakir”, Mahatma Gandhi's Writings, Philosophy, Audio, Video and Photographs, www.mkgandhi.org/students/thiswasbapu/144halfnakedfakir.htm. 7  Churchill's role in the Bengal famine of 1943 has long been the subject of considerable historical controversy and has been raised most recently by Shashi Tharoor, in ‘The ugly Briton’, Time, 29 November 2010; http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2031992,00.html. 8  Peter Clarke, The Locomotive of War: Money, Power, Empire and Guilt (London: Bloomsbury, 2017). 9  Chris Schoeman, Churchill's South Africa: Travels during the Anglo-Boer War (London: Zebra Press, 2014). 10  Carroll Kilpatrick, Mahan's foremost disciples, VQR: A National Journal of Literature & Discussion, 93/3 (2017), www.vqronline.org/mahan%E2%80%99s-foremost-disciples. 11  For a balanced discussion of his subsequently notorious views, see Toye, Churchill's Empire, p. 145. 12  John Ramsden, Man of the Century: Winston Churchill and the Legend since 1945 (London: HarperCollins, 2002); and John Charmley, Churchill: The End of Glory (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1993). 13  Christopher Hitchens, Blood, Class and Nostalgia: Anglo-American Ironies (London: Vintage, 1991), pp. 203–4. 14  Benn Steil, The Battle of Bretton Woods: John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White, and the Making of a New World Order (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014), p. 332. 15  John Darwin, The Empire Project (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011). 16  Charmley, Churchill. 17  Ramsden, Man of the Century, p. 508.

Lonely Planet Sri Lanka by Lonely Planet

British Empire, car-free, carbon footprint, clean water, colonial rule, digital map, European colonialism, land tenure, Mahatma Gandhi, megaproject, off grid, off-the-grid, period drama, place-making, ride hailing / ride sharing, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), self-driving car, special economic zone, spice trade, trade route, urban sprawl

Inside the courtyard are some dishevelled, yet colonnaded, old colonial buildings. Look for English cannons, surviving watchtowers and a ruined bell tower. Views across the lagoon are magnificent. There's a tiny museum with several intriguing items labelled, alas, only in Tamil and you can glimpse the old jail (now a store). Mahatma Gandhi ParkPARK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; Bazaar St, Puliyanthivu) This lovely modern park along Old Batti's waterfront is popular with strolling couples and includes features such as the Batticaloa Gate, which was a 19th-century welcoming arch to the harbour. St Mary’s CathedralCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; St Mary’s St, Puliyanthivu) The grand, turquoise-coloured St Mary’s Cathedral stands out among the many churches in Batti.

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Old Park VillaHOTEL$$ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %021-222 3790; www.oldparkvillajaffna.com; 76 Kandy Rd; s/d incl breakfast from Rs 4000/5000; aW) A stylish converted heritage villa, with seven tastefully decorated rooms that feature handsome dark-wood furniture and ochre paintwork, and a lovely lounge with tribal artefacts. It's in a quiet setting back from the road. Excellent food is available, including Western breakfasts. oJetwing Jaffna HotelHOTEL$$$ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %021-221 5571; www.jetwinghotels.com; 37 Mahatma Gandhi Rd; r from US$100; aW) The big news in Jaffna is literally this high-rise hotel. The 55 rooms are compact but have intricate art, mod style and balconies. Those on higher floors have sweeping views of the region. Service is up to Jetwing's corporate standards. The rooftop bar is probably the best place in town for an evening cocktail.

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Cosy RestaurantNORTH INDIAN$$ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %021-222 5899; 15 Sirampiyadi Lane, Stanley Rd; meals Rs 250-700; h11am-11pm; W) The lovely open courtyard seating is popular here as is the Jaffna-style crab curry. The big attraction is the tandoori oven, which fires up at 6pm daily and pumps out delicious naan bread, tikkas and tandoori chicken. It's BYOB. oJetwing Jaffna Rooftop BarROOFTOP BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %021-221 5571; www.jetwinghotels.com; 37 Mahatma Gandhi Rd; h6-11pm; W) It gets no points for creative naming, but this place makes up for it with the sensational views. The rooftop bar at the hotel is breezy and has a variety of seating. It has a full range of cocktails and some light snacks. Make certain your beer is cold. 3Entertainment Jaffna Cultural CentrePERFORMING ARTS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; Esplanade Rd) Wow!

Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking by Susan Cain

8-hour work day, Albert Einstein, An Inconvenient Truth, AOL-Time Warner, Asperger Syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, Bill Gates: Altair 8800, call centre, crowdsourcing, David Brooks, delayed gratification, deliberate practice, emotional labour, game design, hive mind, index card, indoor plumbing, Isaac Newton, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, longitudinal study, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, Menlo Park, meta-analysis, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, new economy, popular electronics, Ralph Waldo Emerson, ride hailing / ride sharing, Rosa Parks, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, telemarketer, The Wisdom of Crowds, traveling salesman, twin studies, Walter Mischel, web application, white flight

She would leave on her own, she said quietly. “Get off my bus,” Blake sputtered in response. Parks complied, but not before deliberately dropping her purse on her way out and sitting on a “white” seat as she picked it up. “Intuitively, she had engaged in an act of passive resistance, a precept named by Leo Tolstoy and embraced by Mahatma Gandhi,” writes the historian Douglas Brinkley in a wonderful biography of Parks. It was more than a decade before King popularized the idea of nonviolence and long before Parks’s own training in civil disobedience, but, Brinkley writes, “such principles were a perfect match for her own personality.”

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And I don’t care what they sell it for. The painting itself will never be finished. That’s one of the great things about it.” Part Three DO ALL CULTURES HAVE AN EXTROVERT IDEAL? 8 SOFT POWER Asian-Americans and the Extrovert Ideal In a gentle way, you can shake the world. —MAHATMA GANDHI It’s a sunny spring day in 2006, and Mike Wei, a seventeen-year-old Chinese-born senior at Lynbrook High School near Cupertino, California, is telling me about his experiences as an Asian-American student. Mike is dressed in sporty all-American attire of khakis, windbreaker, and baseball cap, but his sweet, serious face and wispy mustache give him the aura of a budding philosopher, and he speaks so softly that I have to lean forward to hear him.

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We find so many people impatient to talk. All this talking can hardly be said to be of any benefit to the world. It is so much waste of time. My shyness has been in reality my shield and buckler. It has allowed me to grow. It has helped me in my discernment of truth. Soft power is not limited to moral exemplars like Mahatma Gandhi. Consider, for example, the much-ballyhooed excellence of Asians in fields like math and science. Professor Ni defines soft power as “quiet persistence,” and this trait lies at the heart of academic excellence as surely as it does in Gandhi’s political triumphs. Quiet persistence requires sustained attention—in effect restraining one’s reactions to external stimuli.

Hidden Figures by Margot Lee Shetterly

affirmative action, Apollo 11, Apollo 13, Charles Lindbergh, cognitive dissonance, desegregation, en.wikipedia.org, European colonialism, glass ceiling, Gunnar Myrdal, low earth orbit, Mahatma Gandhi, military-industrial complex, Neil Armstrong, New Journalism, orbital mechanics / astrodynamics, public intellectual, RAND corporation, Rosa Parks, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, upwardly mobile, W. E. B. Du Bois, women in the workforce, éminence grise

Foreigners who traveled to the United States often experienced the caste system firsthand. In 1947, a Mississippi hotel denied service to the Haitian secretary of agriculture, who had come to the state to attend an international conference. The same year, a restaurant in the South banned Indian independence leader Mahatma Gandhi’s personal doctor from its premises because of his dark skin. Diplomats traveling from New York to Washington along Route 40 were often rejected if they stopped for a meal at restaurants in Maryland. The humiliations, so commonplace in the United States that they barely raised eyebrows, much less the interest of the press, were the talk of the town in the envoys’ home countries.

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On the third day, sixty students converged upon the Woolworth’s, and by the fourth, three hundred had joined the demonstration. Participating were students from Bennett College, an all-black women’s college in Greensboro, as well as white students from Guilford College and the Women’s College of the University of North Carolina. Within a week, the protests, inspired by the nonviolent actions of India’s Mahatma Gandhi, spread to other cities in North Carolina, and then crossed the borders into Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. The students started calling their protests “sit-downs” or “sit-ins.” The prison sentences that often attended their activism did nothing to quell their ardor. “Dear Mom and Dad: I am writing this letter tonight from a cell in the Greensboro jail.

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Joanne Cavanaugh Simpson, “Sound Reasoning,” Hopkins Magazine, September 2003. 102 Eastman Jacobs, known for his left-leaning sympathies: 102 hours questioning Pearl Young: Pearl Young interview. 102 “New York communist people”: Ibid. 102 “practically impossible New York Jews”: Ibid. 102 caused a scandal: Ibid. 102 a “black computer”: Sugenia Johnson interview. 102 Air Scoop published a long list of organizations: “List of groups compiled in Connection with Employees Loyalty Program,” Air Scoop, October 26, 1951. 103 denied service to the Haitian secretary of agriculture: Mary Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007), 871. 103 Mahatma Gandhi’s personal doctor: Ibid., 878. 104 “Untouchability Banished in India: Worshipped in America”: Ibid., 755. 104 At the start of the Korean War: “The Beginnings of a New Era for African Americans in the Armed Services,” State of New Jersey, http://www.nj.gov/military/korea/factsheets/afroamer.html. 104 were called up: “Tan Yanks Face Action in Korea,” Norfolk Journal and Guide, July 8, 1950. 104 “The laboratory has one work unit composed entirely of Negro women”: Johnson, “Fair Employment.” 105 science textbooks and racial harmony: Walter McDougall, The Heavens and the Earth: A Political History of the Space Age (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), 8. 105 Christine Richie: Christine Richie, personal interview, July 20, 2014. 105 through the college grapevine: Elizabeth Kittrell Taylor, personal interview, July 12, 2014.

Rich White Men: What It Takes to Uproot the Old Boys' Club and Transform America by Garrett Neiman

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Albert Einstein, basic income, Bernie Sanders, BIPOC, Black Lives Matter, Branko Milanovic, British Empire, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carried interest, clean water, confounding variable, coronavirus, COVID-19, critical race theory, dark triade / dark tetrad, data science, Donald Trump, drone strike, effective altruism, Elon Musk, gender pay gap, George Floyd, glass ceiling, green new deal, high net worth, Home mortgage interest deduction, Howard Zinn, impact investing, imposter syndrome, impulse control, income inequality, Jeff Bezos, Jeffrey Epstein, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, knowledge worker, Larry Ellison, liberal capitalism, Lyft, Mahatma Gandhi, mandatory minimum, Mark Zuckerberg, mass incarceration, means of production, meritocracy, meta-analysis, Michael Milken, microaggression, mortgage tax deduction, move fast and break things, Nelson Mandela, new economy, obamacare, occupational segregation, offshore financial centre, Paul Buchheit, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, Ralph Waldo Emerson, randomized controlled trial, rent-seeking, Ronald Reagan, Rutger Bregman, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, sovereign wealth fund, Steve Jobs, subprime mortgage crisis, TED Talk, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, Travis Kalanick, trickle-down economics, uber lyft, universal basic income, Upton Sinclair, War on Poverty, white flight, William MacAskill, winner-take-all economy, women in the workforce, work culture , working poor

Tap here to learn more. The mine owners do not find the gold, they do not mine the gold, they do not mill the gold, but by some weird alchemy all the gold belongs to them. —BILL HAYWOOD, GOLD MINER AND UNION LEADER The world has enough for everyone’s needs, but not everyone’s greed. —MAHATMA GANDHI, INDIAN LAWYER AND NONVIOLENT REVOLUTIONARY FOREWORD Dr. Robin DiAngelo When I first introduced the term white fragility in an article by the same name in 2011, I had no idea the extent to which it would speak to people across a range of racial identities. When I turned that article into a more accessible book, countless newly awakened white people—moved by the racial uprising during the Summer of 2020—found it an invaluable guide to understanding our socialization into and collusion with systemic racism.

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In meetings since, I’ve strived to summon the sense of urgency that comes with knowing people are unnecessarily meeting death in this moment. I’ve also strived to feel connected to the thousands of family and community members who are grieving those they’ve lost. Every hour that America maintains the status quo condemns more people to death. “Poverty,” Mahatma Gandhi once said, “is the worst form of violence.”17 One of the ways that poverty is different than cancer is that there is already a known cure. In his final book, Where Do We Go from Here, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. called for the government to provide every American a guaranteed, middle-class income.

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After I learned about Stanley Levison, I began discovering other elites who played similar roles in historical social movements. One of those men is Parsee Rustomjee, an Indian-South African philanthropist and businessman who was the largest South African contributor to the satyagraha (nonviolent resistance) and is known for his role as an adviser and financial sponsor of Mahatma Gandhi. Rustomjee was imprisoned on multiple occasions for his activism; he also endured threats, such as those from white South Africans who threatened to burn down his house and property while he was offering up his home to Gandhi and his sons for their protection. Like Levison, Rustomjee was willing to take significant risks in the name of justice.

Dreyer's English: An Utterly Correct Guide to Clarity and Style by Benjamin Dreyer

a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away, Albert Einstein, Donald Trump, Downton Abbey, elephant in my pajamas, In Cold Blood by Truman Capote, Jane Jacobs, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, non-fiction novel, Norman Mailer, pre–internet, Ralph Waldo Emerson, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, W. E. B. Du Bois

T. S. ELIOT Person ultimately responsible for Cats. This is your reminder always to look up Eliots, Elyots, Elliots, and Elliotts. PHILEAS FOGG Hero of Jules Verne’s La tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours, a.k.a. Around the World in Eighty Days. Not “Phineas.” MAHATMA GANDHI Nonviolent revolutionary. Born Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. “Mahatma,” by the way, isn’t a name per se. It’s a Sanskrit honorific, meaning “great soul.” All that taken into account, the surname is not “Ghandi,” as it’s misspelled with dismaying frequency. THEODOR GEISEL A.k.a.

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If I’ve inspired you to give it an extra thought every time you’re about to write or say the words “only” and “just,” I feel I’ve done my job. *2  Copy editor’s addendum: “For me, it was candles ‘guttering’ and ‘tang’ used for smell; both were used so often in literary fiction, I’d begun to think they were handed out with the MFA.” *3  Also, in no particular order, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Voltaire, Mahatma Gandhi, and (impudently and absurdly, given how easily traceable every word he ever wrote is) William Shakespeare. *4  “The very existence of self-help books is all the evidence you need that they don’t work,” a former colleague of mine once quipped—perhaps more cleverly than truthfully, but the quip business is built more on rat-a-tat effectiveness than on strict accuracy

From the Ruins of Empire: The Intellectuals Who Remade Asia by Pankaj Mishra

anti-communist, Ayatollah Khomeini, British Empire, classic study, colonial exploitation, colonial rule, Deng Xiaoping, European colonialism, financial innovation, Great Leap Forward, invention of the telegraph, joint-stock company, Khartoum Gordon, land reform, Mahatma Gandhi, Monroe Doctrine, New Urbanism, plutocrats, profit motive, Scramble for Africa, Suez canal 1869, Suez crisis 1956, the scientific method, upwardly mobile, urban planning, W. E. B. Du Bois, Washington Consensus, young professional

As it turned out, Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan’s political influence over Indian Muslims would fade, and the more vigorous campaign in support of the Ottoman caliphate would come in the early 1920s in the form of a countrywide agitation – the first major mass movement of Muslim India – backed by the great Hindu leader, Mahatma Gandhi. As Akbar Illahabadi would write, explaining the joint campaign for the caliphate by Gandhi and the Indian Muslim leader Maulana Muhammad Ali: ‘Maulana has not blundered, nor has Gandhi hatched conspiracies / What blows them on the same course is the gale of Western policies.’94 Al-Afghani may have anticipated this nationalist moment by stressing the need for Hindu-Muslim unity in India.

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See also the chapter by Sugata Bose, ‘The Spirit and Form of an Ethical Policy: A Meditation on Aurobindo’s Thought’, in An Intellectual History for India (Delhi, 2010) edited by Shruti Kapila. The Aurobindo Ashram’s website has all his prose works in easily downloadable PDF format. And B. Parekh’s Colonialism, Tradition and Reform (London, 1989) and Dennis Dalton, Mahatma Gandhi: Non-Violent Power in Action (New York, 2000) still stand out from among the mass of books on this subject. 6. ASIA REMADE John D. Pierson’s Tokutomi Soh, 1863 – 1957: A Journalist for Modern Japan is an excellent introduction to Japan’s geopolitical trajectory in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

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Metzger’s Escape from Predicament: Neo-Confucianism and China’s Evolving Political Culture (New York, 1986) is a provocative look at the Confucian underpinnings of Communist China. On the Confucian revival, see Daniel Bell, China’s New Confucianism: Politics and Everyday Life in a Changing Society (Princeton, 2008). Notes PROLOGUE 1 Quoted in Rotem Kowner (ed.), The Impact of the Russo-Japanese War (London, 2006), p. 20. 2 Gandhi, The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. 4, http://www.gandhiserve.org/cwmg/VOL004.PDF, p. 470. 3 Jawaharlal Nehru, Autobiography (1936; repr. edn New Delhi, 1989), p. 16. 4 Ibid., p.18. 5 Marius B. Jansen, The Japanese and Sun Yat-sen (Princeton, 1970), p. 117. 6 John D. Pierson, Tokutomi Soh 1863 – 1957: A Journalist for Modern Japan (Princeton, 1980), p. 143. 7 Ibid., p. 279. 8 Benoy Kumar Sarkar, ‘The futurism of young Asia’, International Journal of Ethics, 28, 4 (July 1918), p. 536. 9 Quoted in Cemil Aydin, The Politics of Anti- Westernism: Visions of World Order in Pan-Islamic and Pan-Asian Thought (New York, 2007), p. 76. 10 Quoted in Kowner (ed.), Impact of the Russo-Japanese War, p. 242. 11 Philip Short, Mao: A Life (London, 2004), p. 37. 12 Ibid., p. 38. 13 Kowner (ed.), Impact of the Russo-Japanese War, p. 230. 14 Sun Yat-sen, ‘Pan-Asianism’, China and Japan: Natural Friends – Unnatural Enemies (Shanghai, 1941), p. 143. 15 Gandhi, Collected Works, vol. 4, p. 471. 1.

The Zionist Ideas: Visions for the Jewish Homeland—Then, Now, Tomorrow by Gil Troy

affirmative action, Albert Einstein, demand response, different worldview, European colonialism, financial independence, ghettoisation, guns versus butter model, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, Mount Scopus, Nelson Mandela, one-state solution, open immigration, Silicon Valley, union organizing, urban planning, work culture , Yom Kippur War, young professional, zero-sum game

The great values we have produced issued from the marriage of a people and a faith. We cannot substitute a technical association of nation and religion for this original marriage, without incurring barrenness. The values of Israel cannot be reborn outside the sphere of this union and its uniqueness. . . . An Open Letter to Mahatma Gandhi (1939) You, Mahatma Gandhi, who know of the connection between tradition and future, should not associate yourself with those who pass over our cause without understanding or sympathy. But you say—and I consider it to be the most significant of all the things you tell us—that Palestine belongs to the Arabs and that it is therefore “wrong and inhuman to impose the Jews on the Arabs.” . . .

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Berdichevski, Micah Joseph “Wrecking and Building,” “In Two Directions,” and “On Sanctity” all reproduced from The Zionist Idea, edited by Arthur Hertzberg, by permission of the University of Nebraska Press, copyright © 1997 Arthur Hertzberg (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society), 293–94, 295–96, and 293–94. Buber, Martin “Hebrew Humanism” and “An Open Letter to Mahatma Gandhi” both reproduced from The Zionist Idea, edited by Arthur Hertzberg, by permission of the University of Nebraska Press, copyright © 1997 Arthur Hertzberg (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society), 453–56 and 463–65. Schechter, Solomon “Zionism: A Statement” from Seminary Addresses and Other Papers, translated by Arthur Hertzberg (New York: 1915), reproduced from The Zionist Idea, edited by Arthur Hertzberg, by permission of the University of Nebraska Press, copyright © 1997 Arthur Hertzberg (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society), 91–104, 504–13.

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Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1959, 1997. Brenner, Joseph Hayyim. “Self-Criticism (1914).” In The Zionist Idea: A Historical Analysis and Reader, edited by Arthur Hertzberg, 307–13. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1959, 1997. Buber, Martin. “Hebrew Humanism” and “An Open Letter to Mahatma Gandhi.” In The Zionist Idea: A Historical Analysis and Reader, edited by Arthur Hertzberg, 453–56 and 463–65. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1959, 1997. Central Conference of American Rabbis. “A Statement of Principles for Reform Judaism,” May 1999. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/reform-judaism-modern-statement-of-principles-1999; “The Columbus Platform,” 1937. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-columbus-platform-1937; “A Centenary Perspective,” 1976. http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/100.htm.

The London Compendium by Ed Glinert

1960s counterculture, anti-communist, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Bob Geldof, British Empire, Brixton riot, Charles Babbage, Corn Laws, Dava Sobel, double entry bookkeeping, Edward Jenner, Edward Lloyd's coffeehouse, Exxon Valdez, gentrification, hiring and firing, invention of the telegraph, Isaac Newton, John Harrison: Longitude, John Snow's cholera map, Khartoum Gordon, Kickstarter, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, Nick Leeson, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, price stability, Ronald Reagan, Sloane Ranger, South China Sea, South Sea Bubble, spice trade, Suez crisis 1956, the market place, trade route, union organizing, V2 rocket

The station closed in 1990 when the tunnel under Snow Hill was reopened and a new station, the clumsily named City Thameslink, was built a little further to the south to cater for trains running between Bedford and Brighton. City Temple, Holborn Viaduct at Shoe Lane Built in 1874, City Temple became the leading centre for Nonconformity in nineteenth-century London and was run by the Revd Joseph Parker, a radical firebrand whose telegraphic address was simply ‘Preacher, London’, who attracted the young Mahatma Gandhi to services. In the 1920s two of the first million-selling records, Master Ernest Luff’s ‘O for the Wings of a Dove’ and the Temple choir’s version of Mendelssohn’s ‘Hear My Prayer’, were recorded at the church. Martin Luther King Jnr spoke at City Temple about racial tyranny in December 1964 before going to Oslo to receive the Nobel Peace Prize.

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Past members include the Elizabethan courtier Sir Walter Ralegh, the diarist John Evelyn, the playwright William Congreve and the novelists Henry Fielding, William Makepeace Thackeray and John Buchan. The Inner Temple lies further east and its sites are decorated with the winged horse, Pegasus. Past members include Dr Johnson’s biographer James Boswell, the playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan, the librettist W. S. Gilbert, Dracula author Bram Stoker and the Indian leaders Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. There are helpful maps on the walls (one by the porch on Middle Temple Lane and one by Carpmael Buildings), marked with sites of mostly literary interest. Inner Temple Lane Temple Church The first Gothic church to be built in London, erected between 1160 and 1185 in the style of the Church of the Sepulchre in Jerusalem, and consecrated by Heraclius, the Patriarch of Jerusalem, in 1185, Temple Church was where in the thirteenth century initiation rites welcoming newcomers into the order of the Knights Templar, the warrior monks after whom the Temple is named, took place.

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It stands on the site of the house where Charles Dickens lived from 1851 to 1860 and wrote Bleak House (1853), Hard Times (1854), Little Dorrit (1857) and parts of A Tale of Two Cities (1859). The gardens opposite contain a memorial stone dedicated to conscientious objectors, unveiled by the composer Michael Tippett in 1994, and a statue of the Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi designed by the Polish born artist Fredda Brilliant. (ii) around the British Museum Bedford Square Bloomsbury’s oldest complete Georgian square, spoilt by over-zealous pedestrianization, Bedford Square was financed by the money that flowed into London after the 1763 Peace of Paris, a treaty which recognized the independence of the American colonies and, according to the 4th Duke of Bedford, ‘excited a rage for building’.

The Sociopath Next Door by Martha Stout

Albert Einstein, estate planning, long peace, longitudinal study, Mahatma Gandhi, Milgram experiment, Nelson Mandela, Norman Mailer, risk tolerance, Rosa Parks, twin studies

It induces the exhausted doctor to pick up the phone for his frightened patient at three in the morning. It blows whistles against institutions when lives are endangered. It takes to the streets to protest a war. Conscience is what makes the human rights worker risk her very life. When it is combined with surpassing moral courage, it is Mother Teresa, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi. In small and large ways, genuine conscience changes the world. Rooted in emotional connectedness, it teaches peace and opposes hatred and saves children. It keeps marriages together and cleans up rivers and feeds dogs and gives gentle replies. It makes individual lives better and increases human dignity overall.

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Beginning in our genes and spiraling outward to all of our cultures, beliefs, and many religions, it is the shadow of the whisper of the beginning of an understanding that we are all one. And whatever its origins, this is the essence of conscience. The_Sociopath_Next_Door TEN bernie's choice: why conscience is better Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony. —Mahatma Gandhi If you could be completely free of conscience—no moral scruples and no guilt at all—what do you think you would do with your life? When I ask people this question, as I often have, the typical response is, “Oh wow,” or “Oh my goodness,” followed by a silence during which they wrinkle their faces in mental effort, as if someone had asked them a question in a language they only half-understood.

The Education of a Value Investor: My Transformative Quest for Wealth, Wisdom, and Enlightenment by Guy Spier

Albert Einstein, Atul Gawande, Bear Stearns, Benoit Mandelbrot, big-box store, Black Swan, book value, Checklist Manifesto, classic study, Clayton Christensen, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, Exxon Valdez, Gordon Gekko, housing crisis, information asymmetry, Isaac Newton, Kenneth Arrow, Long Term Capital Management, Mahatma Gandhi, mandelbrot fractal, mirror neurons, Nelson Mandela, NetJets, pattern recognition, pre–internet, random walk, Reminiscences of a Stock Operator, risk free rate, Ronald Reagan, South Sea Bubble, Steve Jobs, Stuart Kauffman, TED Talk, two and twenty, winner-take-all economy, young professional, zero-sum game

At first, I approached this idea in a calculated and self-serving manner, hoping that my attempts to build “social capital” would lead me to greater financial and professional success. But the relationships that I began to form were so life enriching that my cynical motives gradually receded. I’m not saying that I’m Mahatma Gandhi. But my deepening bonds with great people became a source of such sincere joy to me that I no longer needed any hidden agenda: these friendships became a wonderful end in themselves, not a means to self-advancement. Serendipitously, I’m writing these words in the Delamar Greenwich Harbor Hotel in Connecticut—the very place where I had my first dinner with Mohnish a decade ago, on February 11, 2004.

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Or, A Good Hard Look at Wall Street by Fred Schwed Your Money and Your Brain: How the New Science of Neuroeconomics Can Help Make You Rich by Jason Zweig Literature 100 Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez Hamlet by William Shakespeare Jonathan Livingston Seagull by Richard Bach Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values by Robert Pirsig Miscellaneous Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments with the Truth by Mahatma Gandhi City Police by Jonathan Rubinstein Endurance: Shackleton’s Incredible Voyage by Alfred Lansing Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela by Nelson Mandela Metaphors We Live By by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson Reagan: A Life in Letters by Ronald Reagan The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right by Atul Gawande The Hero with a Thousand Faces by Joseph Campbell The New British Constitution by Vernon Bogdanor The Power of Myth by Joseph Campbell with Bill Moyers Vor 1914: Erinnerungen an Frankfurt geschrieben in Israel by Selmar Spier Walden: or, Life in the Woods by Henry David Thoreau Why America Is Not a New Rome by Vaclav Smil Philosophy and Theology A Theory of Justice by John Rawls Anarchy, the State, and Utopia by Robert Nozick Destination Torah: Reflections on the Weekly Torah Readings by Isaac Sassoon Halakhic Man by Joseph Soloveitchik Letters from a Stoic by Lucius Annaeus Seneca Man’s Search for Meaning by Viktor Frankl Meditations by Marcus Aurelius Pirke Avot: A Modern Commentary on Jewish Ethics by Leonard Kravits and Kerry Olitzky Plato, not Prozac!

Bottle of Lies: The Inside Story of the Generic Drug Boom by Katherine Eban

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Bernie Madoff, Frances Oldham Kelsey, global pandemic, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, offshore financial centre, old-boy network, Ponzi scheme, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, Skype, Upton Sinclair, urban planning

And then one day in 2001, he made an announcement that attached a whole new set of words to Indian drug makers: iconoclasts, visionaries, saviors. But Dr. Hamied’s story—and the launch of India’s modern-day pharmaceutical industry—really began a century ago, in an ashram. Not just any ashram, but the Sabarmati Ashram founded by Mahatma Gandhi in what today is Ahmedabad, in the western state of Gujarat. From there, India’s most revered activist set about trying to liberate India from British rule, through what became known as the noncooperation movement. Around 1920, Gandhi began urging all Indians to turn their backs on anything British.

…

Raghunath Anant Mashelkar, a renowned evangelist for Indian science, advanced a theory: India’s scientists excelled at rethinking old processes and making them more efficient because of their engineering excellence and experience of destitution. The result, said Mashelkar, was “Gandhian innovation.” One of Mahatma Gandhi’s essential tenets held that the inventions of science should be for the public benefit. Because Indians had minimal resources, Mashelkar argued, they had developed a “clever way of doing things” that delivered more benefits to more people at a lower cost. Some still viewed Indian drug companies as bottom-feeders, living off the remnants of painstaking research and innovation.

…

In Nevada, there wasn’t much doctors could do to save the woman. Their bigger concern was saving other patients from the same fate. The hospital immediately set up an isolation room so that the infection wouldn’t spread, and the staff donned masks, gloves, and gowns while caring for the woman. In less than a month, she was dead. What started in Mahatma Gandhi’s ashram as a campaign of Indian self-reliance had morphed into a pharmaceutical rescue mission for the world’s most unfortunate patients. Dr. Hamied’s revolution, as it thundered along, offered generic drug companies the chance to act as global equalizers and make the same cures available to the wealthy and impoverished alike.

Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier by Edward L. Glaeser

affirmative action, Andrei Shleifer, Berlin Wall, Boeing 747, British Empire, Broken windows theory, carbon footprint, carbon tax, Celebration, Florida, classic study, clean water, company town, congestion charging, congestion pricing, Cornelius Vanderbilt, declining real wages, desegregation, different worldview, diversified portfolio, Edward Glaeser, Elisha Otis, endowment effect, European colonialism, Fairchild Semiconductor, financial innovation, Ford Model T, Frank Gehry, global village, Guggenheim Bilbao, haute cuisine, high-speed rail, Home mortgage interest deduction, James Watt: steam engine, Jane Jacobs, job-hopping, John Snow's cholera map, junk bonds, Lewis Mumford, machine readable, Mahatma Gandhi, McMansion, megacity, megaproject, Michael Milken, mortgage debt, mortgage tax deduction, New Urbanism, place-making, Ponzi scheme, Potemkin village, Ralph Waldo Emerson, rent control, RFID, Richard Florida, Rosa Parks, school vouchers, Seaside, Florida, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, Steven Pinker, streetcar suburb, strikebreaker, Thales and the olive presses, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the new new thing, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, upwardly mobile, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, vertical integration, William Shockley: the traitorous eight, Works Progress Administration, young professional

Bangalore’s wealth comes not from industrial might (although it still makes plenty of textiles) but from its strength as a city of ideas. By concentrating so much talent in one place, Bangalore makes it easier for that talent to teach itself and for outsiders, whether from Singapore or Silicon Valley, to connect easily with Indian human capital. Echoing antiurbanites throughout the ages, Mahatma Gandhi said that “the true India is to be found not in its few cities, but in its 700,000 villages” and “the growth of the nation depends not on cities, but [on] its villages.” The great man was wrong. India’s growth depends almost entirely on its cities. There is a near-perfect correlation between urbanization and prosperity across nations.

…

Statistics Canada, Perspectives, Dec. 2008, www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/75-001-x/2008112/pdf/10766-eng.pdf. Galatas, Roger, and Jim Barlow. The Woodlands: The Inside Story of Creating a Better Hometown. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute, 2004. Galloni, Alessandra. “Miuccia and Me.” Wall Street Journal Magazine, Mar. 2010. Gandhi, Mahatma. Mahatma Gandhi: The Essential Writings, ed. Judith Margaret Brown. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. Gans, Herbert J. The Levittowners: Life and Politics in a New Suburban Community. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982. Gari, L. “Arabic Treatises on Environmental Pollution up to the End of the Thirteenth Century.”

…

Joseph P. Kennedy: A Life and Times. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1974. Krueger, Alan B. “How Computers Have Changed the Wage Structure: Evidence from Microdata, 1984-1989.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 108, no. 1 (Feb 1993): 33-60. Kumar, Satish. “The Whole Truth of a Home Economy.” In Mahatma Gandhi: 125 Years, ed. Manmohan Choudhuri and Ramjee Singh. Varanasi, India: Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan, Gandhian Institute of Studies, 1995. LaFranchi, Howard. “New Look on the Left Bank in Paris.” Christian Science Monitor, Aug. 14, 1989. Landau, Sarah Brandford, and Carl W. Condit. The Rise of the New York Skyscraper 1865-1913.

Empire of Cotton: A Global History by Sven Beckert

agricultural Revolution, Bartolomé de las Casas, British Empire, colonial exploitation, colonial rule, company town, Corn Laws, cotton gin, creative destruction, crony capitalism, deindustrialization, European colonialism, flying shuttle, Francisco Pizarro, Great Leap Forward, imperial preference, industrial cluster, James Hargreaves, James Watt: steam engine, joint-stock company, laissez-faire capitalism, land tenure, Mahatma Gandhi, market fundamentalism, race to the bottom, restrictive zoning, scientific management, Silicon Valley, spice trade, spinning jenny, Suez canal 1869, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, transaction costs, transatlantic slave trade, union organizing, vertical integration, women in the workforce, work culture

Europeans had remained marginal to networks of cotton growing, manufacturing, and consumption. Even after they began importing small quantities of cotton cloth during Greek and Roman times, they remained of little importance to the global cotton industry as a whole. People dressed, as they had since the Bronze Age, in clothing made from flax and wool. As Mahatma Gandhi put it, while India supplied Europe with cottons, Europeans themselves “were submerged in barbarism, ignorance and a state of wilderness.”36 Cotton, quite simply, was exotic to Europe. The fiber grew in faraway lands, and many Europeans reportedly imagined cotton as a mixture of a plant and an animal—a “vegetable lamb.”

…

The Commerce and Industries Department reported with some regret of “the difficulty of penetrating too many of the up-country markets, the effects of custom, of caste, of religious beliefs, of the barter system, and so on, has prevented the process from proceeding with the rapidity which it would otherwise have attained.” As late as 1920, there were still about 2.5 million handloom weavers remaining in India. Even Mahatma Gandhi, who made the devastating impact of colonialism on domestic industry a key aspect of his political campaigns, admitted in 1930 that “next to agriculture, hand-weaving is still the largest and most widespread industry throughout the whole of India”—not least because despite all the rapid advances, the capitalist reorganization of the countryside remained far from complete in the early twentieth century.32 If these adjustments did not suffice, weavers tried to reduce the costs of their product by moving production farther into the countryside and giving female household members a more prominent role in production.

…

And the United States also had its own class of global South capitalists who had, just like their Indian counterparts, accumulated wealth in the trade of raw cotton, ready to move some of it into manufacturing enterprises. The exceptional combination of extensive territory and limited political, economic, and social integration between North and South was the envy of European capitalists—and the first harbinger of the global fate of European cotton manufactures as well.28 The empire strikes back: Mahatma Gandhi visits Lancashire, chatting with British cotton workers, 1931. By 1910, the cotton manufacturing industry of the U.S. South was the world’s third largest, after that of Great Britain and the northern states of the Union. This was an amazing departure. At the end of the Civil War there had been hardly any significant cotton manufacturing in the states of the former Confederacy, and as late as 1879 there were seventeen times as many spindles in the North than in the South.

The Lies That Bind: Rethinking Identity by Kwame Anthony Appiah

affirmative action, assortative mating, Boris Johnson, British Empire, classic study, Donald Trump, Downton Abbey, European colonialism, Ferguson, Missouri, four colour theorem, full employment, Great Leap Forward, Gregor Mendel, illegal immigration, Isaac Newton, longitudinal study, luminiferous ether, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, means of production, meritocracy, Parler "social media", precariat, Scramble for Africa, selection bias, Suez canal 1869, transatlantic slave trade, W. E. B. Du Bois, zero-sum game

In his first book, Childhood and Society, published in 1950, he uses the term in more than one way; crucially, though, he recognizes the importance of social roles and group memberships in shaping one’s sense of self, which he called, in psychoanalytic language, an “ego identity.” Later on, Erikson explored the crises of identity in the lives of Martin Luther and Mahatma Gandhi, and published books with titles like Identity and the Life Cycle (1959), Identity: Youth and Crisis (1968), and Dimensions of a New Identity (1974). Erikson, who grew up in southwest Germany, told a tale of his own origins that sits right at the heart of our contemporary notions. My stepfather was the only professional man (and a highly respected one) in an intensely Jewish small bourgeois family, while I (coming from a racially mixed Scandinavian background) was blond and blue-eyed, and grew flagrantly tall.

…

Yet, in ways we’ll explore, these contrasting notions of culture are locked together in our concept of Western culture, which many people think defines the identity of modern Western people. In this final chapter, I’m going to talk about culture as a source of identity, and to try to untangle some of our confusions about the culture, both Tylorian and Arnoldian, of what we’ve come to call the West. You may have heard this story: someone asked Mahatma Gandhi what he thought of Western civilization, and he replied: “I think it would be a very good idea.” Like many of the best stories, alas, this one is probably apocryphal; but also like many of the best stories, it has survived because it has the flavor of truth. I have been arguing that many of our thoughts about the identities that define us are misleading, and that we would have a better grasp on the real challenges that face us if we thought about them in new ways.

Less Is More: How Degrowth Will Save the World by Jason Hickel

air freight, Airbnb, Anthropocene, basic income, Bernie Sanders, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, biodiversity loss, Boris Johnson, Bretton Woods, British Empire, capital controls, circular economy, cognitive dissonance, coronavirus, corporate governance, corporate personhood, cotton gin, COVID-19, David Graeber, decarbonisation, declining real wages, degrowth, deindustrialization, dematerialisation, disinformation, Elon Musk, energy transition, Extinction Rebellion, extractivism, Fairphone, Fellow of the Royal Society, flying shuttle, Fractional reserve banking, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, gender pay gap, green new deal, Greta Thunberg, income inequality, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invention of the steam engine, James Watt: steam engine, Jeff Bezos, Jevons paradox, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, land reform, liberal capitalism, lockdown, longitudinal study, low interest rates, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, McMansion, means of production, meta-analysis, microbiome, Money creation, moral hazard, mortgage debt, Murray Bookchin, Naomi Klein, negative emissions, new economy, ocean acidification, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, out of africa, passive income, planetary scale, planned obsolescence, plutocrats, Post-Keynesian economics, quantitative easing, rent control, rent-seeking, retail therapy, Ronald Reagan, Rupert Read, Scramble for Africa, secular stagnation, shareholder value, sharing economy, Simon Kuznets, structural adjustment programs, the scientific method, The Spirit Level, transatlantic slave trade, trickle-down economics, universal basic income

Instead of pursuing growth for its own sake and hoping that it will magically improve people’s lives, the goal must be to focus on improving people’s lives first and foremost – and if that requires or entails economic growth, then so be it. In other words, organise the economy around the needs of humans and ecology, rather than the other way around. This approach to development has a long history in the global South. It was championed by anti-colonial leaders including Mahatma Gandhi, Patrice Lumumba, Salvador Allende, Julius Nyerere, Thomas Sankara and dozens of other figures who insisted on a human-centred economics, with an emphasis on the principles of justice, welfare and self-sufficiency. But perhaps no one from that era expressed these ideas more succinctly than Frantz Fanon, the revolutionary intellectual from Martinique, when in the 1960s he penned these words that I think continue to resonate today: Come, then, comrades, the European game has finally ended; we must find something different.

…

Their works have been signposts along the way. But this list only barely scratches the surface. And I cannot leave out the towering figures whose words – and lives – I find myself returning to over and over again, for grounding and direction: Aimé Césaire, Frantz Fanon, Thomas Sankara, Berta Cáceres, Mahatma Gandhi, Patrice Lumumba, Samir Amin. They guide me as the ancestors. I am also grateful to the students I’ve engaged with while teaching: at Schumacher College, at the London School of Economics, at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, at Goldsmiths and elsewhere. I’ve encountered more than a few classrooms that have expanded my horizons and given me new ways to think and speak.

India's Long Road by Vijay Joshi

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, barriers to entry, Basel III, basic income, blue-collar work, book value, Bretton Woods, business climate, capital controls, carbon tax, central bank independence, clean water, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collective bargaining, colonial rule, congestion charging, Cornelius Vanderbilt, corporate governance, creative destruction, crony capitalism, decarbonisation, deindustrialization, demographic dividend, demographic transition, Doha Development Round, eurozone crisis, facts on the ground, failed state, financial intermediation, financial repression, first-past-the-post, floating exchange rates, foreign exchange controls, full employment, germ theory of disease, Gini coefficient, global supply chain, global value chain, hiring and firing, income inequality, Indoor air pollution, Induced demand, inflation targeting, invisible hand, land reform, low interest rates, Mahatma Gandhi, manufacturing employment, Martin Wolf, means of production, microcredit, moral hazard, obamacare, Pareto efficiency, price elasticity of demand, price mechanism, price stability, principal–agent problem, profit maximization, profit motive, purchasing power parity, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, randomized controlled trial, rent-seeking, reserve currency, rising living standards, school choice, school vouchers, secular stagnation, Silicon Valley, smart cities, South China Sea, special drawing rights, The Future of Employment, The Market for Lemons, too big to fail, total factor productivity, trade liberalization, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, universal basic income, urban sprawl, vertical integration, working-age population

The state could continue with price stabilization via buffer stocks but it could get out of the business of distribution, in which the private sector has a comparative advantage. Up to two-​thirds of government spending on food subsidies could thus be saved and used for other socially desirable purposes. The second pillar of the social protection framework is the Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS), initiated by an Act in 2006 and rolled out across the country by 2008.10 It guarantees, S a f e t y N e t s a n d S o ci a l P r o t e c t i o n [ 203 ] 204 as a legislated right, up to 100 days of employment a year to any rural household at a specified minimum wage indexed to the cost of living.

…

References [ 335 ] 336 ╇ 337 INDEX Aadhar card, 206, 207, 214, 304 and Aadhar-╉linked bank accounts, 207, 214, 287, 304 administration, see government administration advanced countries (ACs), 53, 65, 97, 129, 132, 141, 145, 188, 202, 255, 257, 262, 263–╉4, 266–╉8, 277, 298 Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA), 269, 298 agriculture, 55, 67–╉70, 93, 100–╉4, 121, 126, 141–╉2, 163, 229, 248, 267, 292–╉3, 296, 309 exports, 103 marketing, 101, 293, 309 price controls in, 102 public investment in, 102, 293, 296, 309 reform in, 100–╉4, 292–╉3 share in GDP, 67–╉8 subsidies in, 102–╉3, 293, 296, 309 surplus labour from, 70 trade liberalization in, 103, 267 workers in, 66–╉7 Agricultural Produce Marketing Committees (APMCs), 101 air quality, 124–╉6 ASEAN, 265 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), 266, 298 backward states, 29 balance of payments, 22, 139–╉40, 155–╉9, 248–╉50, 254, 259, 299 Bangladesh, 28, 176, 186, 187 Bank Investment Company (BIC), 118, 295 bankruptcy, 7, 97–╉9, 154–╉5, 291, 294 Basel committee on Bank Regulation (BCBR), 258 Basel III standards, 258 basic income, 197, 210–╉15, 216–╉19, 285–╉8, 293, 303–╉4 cost of providing, 216–╉19 recommended magnitude of, 212, 214, 216–╉19 universal, 211, 212, 214–╉15, 216–╉19 Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 22–╉3, 24–╉5, 227–╉8, 278, 311–╉12 -╉led NDA government, 117 see also Modi Government black money, 237–╉8 Board of Industrial and Financial Restructuring (BIFR), 97–╉8 business houses, 61, 62 capital, 26, 52–╉3, 69–╉70, 72, 105, 248, 258, 291 accumulation of, 52–╉3, 58–╉60, 312; see also investment -╉intensive sectors, 69, 80 markets, 97–╉9 movements, 155, 159, 252, 262, 267 of banks, 154, 258, 284, 295 per worker, 52, 52 physical capital, 52–╉3 reform of capital markets, 97–╉9, 291 see also human capital; investment; environment capital capital account convertibility (CAC), 155, 159, 253, 262 capital controls, 155–╉6, 262–╉3 capital flows, 157, 250, 254, 282 volatility of, 262 338 capital-​output ratio, 19 capitalism, 60–​2 carbon tax, 130 cash transfers, 91, 164, 206–​14, 288, 296 objections to, 208 technology of, 206–​10 universal, 214–​15 see also basic income Central Government Public sector enterprises (CPSEs), 113–​23 Central Vigilance commission (CVC), 115, 234 Centre and States, 161, 228, 313–​15 child/​infant mortality, 20, 72, 125, 186 nutrition, 28, 186, 189 China, 6, 8–​10, 25, 28, 29, 55, 70, 72, 73, 124, 125, 130, 131, 132, 163, 176, 179, 185, 186, 249–​50, 252, 254, 255, 256–​7 Churchill, Winston, 3 civil servants, 43, 151, 233, 308 climate change, 128–​33 and India, 129–​33, 256–​7 and low-​carbon strategies, 131 and Paris Conference, 131-​2 coal, 88, 89, 114, 122, 130, 132, 214, 285 collective action, 42, 97, 226, 229, 306 companies, 26, 52, 61, 72, 78, 79–​80, 97–​8, 114–​16, 148, 153–​4, 284 competition, 26, 42–​3, 61, 92–​4, 115–​17, 120–​2, 181, 183–​5, 290, 303, 268, 313–​14 Competition Commission, 93, 283, 290 concentration, 61 conditional cash transfers (CCTs), 209–​10 Congress Party, 18, 22–​3, 24, 24, 25, 114, 227–​8, 229, 235, 278, 295, 301 contracts, 41–​3, 119–​21, 123, 230, 237, 308 contract labour, 67, 79, 290 Contract Labour Act (CLA), 79, 81, 82 contract teachers, 179, 182, 301–​2 controls, 18, 19, 43, 44, 87–​91 coordination, 37, 39, 43, 92, 104, 120, 152, 256, 264, 292 [ 338 ] Index corporate: investment, 23, 26–​7, 56, 59–​61, 145–​8, 285 savings, 26, 27 sector, 58, 61–​2, 154, 284 corruption, 22, 44, 74, 79, 96, 105, 185, 207–​8, 235–​43, 307–​10 courts, 234–​5 credit, 19, 25, 27, 74, 76, 99, 118, 188, 280–​1, 284 access to, 75–​6, 253 bank, 153–​4, 276 directed, 75 for small firms, 75, 295 short-​term, 22 wilful defaulters and, 99 criminal politicians, 238 crisis, 22, 23, 30, 157–​9, 259, 260, 280, 315 of 1991, 26 crony capitalism, 7, 8, 62, 105, 235–​43, 277, 283, 306–​7, 310, 313 crop insurance, 296, 309 cross-​border outsourcing, 70, 250, 263 crowding out, 151, 160 current account deficit, 23, 27, 59, 139, 155, 156, 156–​7, 248–​9, 253, 280–​1 debt overhang, 148, 153–​5, 284 decentralization, 179, 185, 232–​3, 306, 308, 314–​15 ‘deep fiscal adjustment’, 165, 279, 285–​8, 290, 300, 309–​10, 314 and economic reform, 91–​2, 163–​5, 212–​14, 285–​8 and universal basic income 285–​7 Modi government and, 287–​8 democracy, 3–​4, 9, 10, 18, 35, 36, 141, 225–​6, 229, 232–​3, 306, 311–​12, 315–​17 demographic transition, 52, 59, 72–​3 deprivation, 27–​30, 35, 201 devaluation, 18, 23, 252, 254 developing countries (DCs), 15, 27, 44, 53–​4, 130, 132, 141, 176, 252, 256, 263–​4 diesel, 88–​9, 126, 164, 287, 288 disadvantaged: castes, 306 groups, 28–​9, 204, 226, 228, 339 Doha Development Agenda, 300 Draft National Health Policy, 305 droughts, 17–​18, 22, 104, 130, 139, 141, 316 Ease of Doing Business, 60, 74, 75, 77, 94, 105, 284, 289–​90, 308 see also World Bank East Asia, 55, 68, 70, 71, 105, 155, 157, 247, 253, 265 East Asian crisis, 157, 253, 262 economic development, 8, 16, 35, 44, 67, 72, 101, 225, 230, 243, 277–​8 economic reform/​reforms, 54, 77–​82, 87–​91, 92–​4, 94–​7, 101–​4, 104–​5, 117, 119–​23, 126–​7, 130–​1, 151–​3, 154, 159, 162–​5, 182–​5, 188–​91, 195–​7, 210–​15, 233, 240–​3, 263–​9, 275–​308 in 1980s, 22, 24, 26 in 1991, 4, 26, 27 education, 19–​20, 37, 42–​3, 53–​5, 175–​85, 212–​13, 229–​32, 300–​2, 304–​5, 310 enrolment in, 28–​9, 176, 184 ‘free and compulsory’, 181, 231–​2 government schools and, 42, 179–​83, 229, 232, 301–​2 higher, 29, 184–​6, 302 pedagogic practices in, 179, 301 primary, 28–​9, 42, 176–​83, 185, 300, 305 private providers in, 234 private schools in, 177, 172–​7, 301–​2 private universities in, 184, 185 quality of, 53, 179, 183, 301, 312 reform, 181–​5, 301–​2, 305 secondary, 29, 53, 71, 176–​83, 185, 300, 305 teacher accountability in, 179, 301–​2, 305 teacher effort in, 179 universal free, 304 vocational, 185 vouchers, 181 see also Right to Education Act election expenditures, 238, 241, 307–​8 electricity, 89–​90, 117, 121–​2, 214, 309 Electricity Act of 2003, 122 Emergency, 18 see also Gandhi, Indira employment, 19, 51, 65–​8, 71, 73, 77, 79–​82, 94, 203–​4, 288–​90, 300–​1 formal and informal, 67, 69 in organized and unorganized sectors, 66–​7 problem, 54, 65–​70, 77, 87, 288–​90, 297 sectoral shares, 68 see also labour ends of economic policy, 35–​6 energy, 88, 113, 128–​31, 254, 296 entrepreneurship, 40, 61, 62, 75, 313; see also corporate sector environment, 123–​33 capital, 123–​8 degradation of, 124, 126–​7, 312 Modi government and, 296 pollution, 124–​6, 296, 309 property rights and, 123–​4 protection of, 102, 113, 165, 229, 293 reform, 124–​8, 130–​3, 293, 296 exchange rate, 155–​6 and external payments regime, 155 policy, 155–​9, 282 reform of policy framework, 159 regime, 155, 282 exports, 23, 55, 69–​70, 72, 92, 103, 153, 159, 248–​9, 255, 281–​2, 297 external economic engagement, 257–​69, 297–​300 Modi Government and, 299–​300 external: balance, 140, 155–​9, 279, 282 liberalization, 253, 297 payments regime, 155–​9 see also balance of payments external effects/​externalities, 38, 39, 43, 124, 130, 191–​2, 286 factor markets: capital, 97–​9 finance 99–​100 labour, 77–​82, 94 land, 94–​7 Modi government and, 294 reform of, 94–​102, 291 Index [ 339 ] 340 farmers, 89–​91, 101–​3, 126–​7, 143–​5, 202, 228, 238, 293 and pricing of fertilizers, 90 and subsidies, 90 self-​sufficient, 103 see also agriculture federalism: competitive, 314 cooperative, 214, 314 see also Centre and States female labour force participation rate, 73 fertilizers, 90, 103, 164, 206, 212, 285, 290 Finance Commission, 161, 228, 281, 308, 313, 314–​15 financial: inclusion, 99–​100, 291, 309 institutions, 76, 100, 140, 258 repression, 152, 162, 282 sector reform, 99–​100, 294 firms: in unorganized sector, 76, 77 size-​distribution of, 71 see also small firms; companies fiscal: adjustment, 162, 165 balance, 159–​65 consolidation, 30, 59, 159, 161–​3, 281, 282, 309 crackdown, 18 deficits, 30, 139, 143, 148, 156, 157, 159–​65, 213, 280, 287 policy/​policies, 25–​6, 30, 142, 145, 151–​2, 159–​65, 281, 282 problem, 159, 280 reform, 92–​3, 159–​65, 282 sustainability, 160, 280 see also ‘deep fiscal adjustment’; subsidies Fiscal Responsibility Act ( 2003), 162 food: articles, 141, 143, 144 market, 142–​3, 144 security, 41, 203, 267 subsidies, 91, 143, 164, 202–​3, 205–​6, 212–​13, 288 see also public distribution system; issue prices; procurement prices Food Security Act (FSA), 164, 202, 231 [ 340 ] Index foreign: aid, 18, 256 borrowing, 23, 26, 30, 156 capital, 247 investment, 24, 247–​50, 255, 258–​9, 297–​8, 299–​300 relations, 8, 9 foreign direct investment (FDI), 93, 151, 250–​1, 253, 268, 284, 299 from China, 254 Indian diaspora’s role in, 254–​5 liberalization of, 229, 299 policy regime, 250 reform, 93, 299 foreign exchange: intervention, 156 reserves, 156, 157, 158, 249, 260; see also global reserve system forests, 127–​8 free capital mobility, 157; see also capital account convertibility Gandhi, Indira, 17–​18, 22, 26, 227, 229, 233, 237 Gandhi, Rajiv, 22–​3, 26 Gandhi, Sonia, 24 Gini Coefficient, 29, 30 global: ambition 8–​10 credit crisis, 25, 58–​9, 139, 160, 253, 258–​9, 277 economic issues, 257–​9 engagement, 247–​69 exchange rate system, 259 imbalances, 259–​60 manufacturing networks, 250 reserve system, 261–​2 slowdown, 25, 151; see also recession supply chains, 264 global credit/​financial crisis (GFC), 25, 27, 58–​9, 139, 253, 257–​9, 262, 277 global warming, see climate change globalization, 247, 254; see also global engagement goods and services, 41–​3, 92, 94, 113, 163, 206, 210, 247–​8, 257, 290–​1, 293 carbon-​intensive, 130 reform of markets in, 87–​91, 92–​4, 290 341 goods and services tax (GST), 92–​3, 291, 293–​4 government administration, 230–​5, 307, 308 consumption, 59 corruption in, 235–​43 debt, 160–​1 employees, 43, 239 expenditure, 163–​5 failures, 7, 39–​40, 44, 187–​8, 191–​2, 276, 304 interest payments, 165 intervention, 19, 40, 87, 91, 104, 144, 236 procurement, 236–​7, 241 services, 44 spending, 88, 102, 131, 148, 163, 203, 302 subsidies, 44, 87–​92, 102, 180 see also state gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), 145 growth acceleration, 15, 16, 27, 55, 61 accounting, 54–​8 fast, 5–​6 high-​quality, 5, 8, 276, 279, 315–​17 Hindu rate of, 15, 100 of output per head/​per worker, 51–​4 rate of, 4, 5–​6, 15–​16, 19, 23, 26, 30, 36, 51, 53–​7, 101, 144, 151 rapid, 17, 19, 35, 51, 52, 54, 60, 65, 70, 73, 87, 93, 104, 119, 153, 230, 236, 240, 279, 297, 300, 302, 309 slow, 19–​20, 144, 275 slowdown, 25, 56, 144, 145, 153–​4, 281, 317 sources of, 51–​8 ‘super-​fast’, 6, 28, 139, 157, 297 sustainable, 35, 113, 123–​33, 279 health/​health care, 7, 19, 37, 43, 175, 186–​8, 188–​97, 300, 302–​3, 304–5, 310, 312, 313 future of, 195–​7 money follows patient scheme, 303 primary care, 19, 187, 191–​4, 195–​6, 302–​3, 305 public health and, 72, 186–​8, 302 quality of, 189, 191–​7 reform of, 195–7, 305 secondary care, 187, 189–​91, 195–​6, 302–​3, 304–​5 state intervention in, 187 universal, 195 health insurance, 39, 190, 205, 210, 303 high-​income countries, 4–​5, 51, 276, 316 Hinduism, extremist version of, 311–​12 Hirschman, A. 42 household savings, 58–​9 human capital, 21, 53, 66, 189, 254, 287, 289, 302 inclusion, 6, 30, 35, 91, 99, 113, 135, 175, 215, 293, 300 see also financial inclusion income: agricultural, 163 distribution, 29, 36–​7, 44, 256–​7 redistribution, 43, 88, 91–​2, 201–​19, 253 ‘India shining, ’ 24 Indian capitalism, 60–​2 Indian university system, 184; see also education, higher India’s global engagement evolution and extent, 247–​52 impact on India, 252–​5 impact on the world, 255–​7 India’s stance on global economic issues, 257–​69 Indradhanush initiative, 295 industry/​industries, 26, 55, 61, 67–​70, 88, 94, 97, 100, 101, 104–​5, 113–​14, 153, 158, 267 Industrial Disputes Act (IDA), 78–​82, 256 industrial policy, 104–​5, 284 reform of, 104–​5 industrialization, 105, 202, 253 inequality, 4, 29–​30, 226 regional, 29 inflation, 18, 23, 25, 27, 59, 139–​45, 151–​3, 157–​8, 162, 166–​8, 208, 279–​80 and government debt ratio, 162 and Modi government, 152, 280–​1 demand factors, 144–​5 high, 36, 59, 140, 144–​5, 148, 151, 162, 279 Index [ 341 ] 342 inflation (Cont.) supply-​side factors, 142–​4 targeting, 151, 166–​8, 279–​80 see also monetary policy information problems, 39 information technology (IT) sector, 61, 70, 233, 240, 249, 253, 298 infrastructure, 7, 24, 60, 113, 119–​23 and the Modi government, 295–​6 reform, 119–​23, 292, 295–​6 see also Public–​Private Partnerships Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 97–​8, 294; see also bankruptcy institutional decay, 226, 229, 230, 306–​7 Integrated Child Development services(ICDS), 189 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), 132 international: liquidity, 260–​1 migration, 252, 254–​5 money, 258–​63 reserves, 259, 299 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 18, 22, 23, 26, 253, 259–​62 international monetary system, 259, 260–​2 international trade, 18–​19, 78, 92–​4, 101, 103, 156–​7, 247–​8, 252–​5, 255–​7, 263–​9, 276–​7, 297–​300, 310 and ‘behind-​the-​border’ items, 264 between India and EU, 300 liberalization of, 18, 24, 38, 93, 103, 117, 163, 248, 253, 263, 290, 298 policies, 92–​3, 248, 256, 262–​3, 297 policy reform, 93, 263–​9, 297–​300 investment, 19–​20, 26–​7, 39–​40, 52–​3, 56, 60, 93-​5, 102, 145, 148, 153-​5, 250–​2, 282–​5 and Modi Government, 282–​5 climate, 60, 282–​5 corporate, 26, 59, 145–​8 household, 59 in infrastructure, 59, 95, 119, 120–​1, 163 in 1980s, 23 private, 59, 89–​91, 103, 119, 120, 123, 148, 162, 280–​1, 283, 287 public, 17, 22, 23, 59, 91, 102, 104, 119, 123, 213–​14, 292–​3, 296, 309 [ 342 ] Index reforms in climate for, 74–​6, 282–​5 revival, 284 risk-​premium on, 148 see also public–​private partnerships issue prices, 91, 143, 164, 202 Jan Dhan, 207 Janata party coalition government, 18 Judicial Appointments Bill, 235 justice, administration of, 43 Kashmir, 8, 227 kerosene, 88–​9, 164, 285, 288 labour, 7, 19, 39, 52, 54–​5, 65, 69–​74, 76–​8, 79–​80, 94, 104–​5, 176, 229, 257, 288–​91 as resource, 52, 55, 69 bias against use of, 69–​72 -​demanding growth, 76 -​intensive industries, 80, 253 -​intensive manufacturing, 70, 72, 250, 266, 298 -​intensive products, 70, 72, 73, 77, 80, 290 low-​skilled, 70–​2, 77, 254 reallocation of, 54 skilled, 77 shift from agriculture, 69, 70 training, 38, 185 see also contract labour; labour laws; labour market labour force participation rate, 73 labour laws/​regulations, 65, 77–​82, 94, 97, 253, 289–​90, 294, 299, 309 reform of, 77–​82, 294 studies on impact of, 80 labour market, 7, 39, 77–​82, 94, 290, 310 reform of, 81–​2, 294 labour productivity, 52, 54, 66–​9, 69, 72, 73, 76, 104, 288–​9 growth of, 55 in organized industry, 69 see also output per worker land, 55, 74, 76, 94–​7, 120, 211, 213, 236, 291, 294, 309–​10 Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act (LARR), 95–​6, 294 343 land market 94 price-​discovery in, 96, 291 land law: reform, 95–​7, 294 liberal democracy, 35–​6, 279, 311–​12, 315–​16 liberalization, 7, 18, 22–​4, 26, 54, 61–​2, 104, 159, 215, 252–​5, 262 of foreign direct investment (FDI), 299 license raj, 27, 184, 307 licenses, 19, 40, 100, 122, 230, 235, 237–​9, 283 life expectancy, 20, 186 literacy, 28 adult, 20 female, 29 local government, 314–​15 low-​income countries, 28, 186, 256, 300, 302 macroeconomic stability, 7, 35, 37, 43, 53, 59, 139–​65, 279–​82 and external balance, 155–​9 and fiscal balance, 159–​65 and internal balance, 141–​55, 281–​2 Modi Government and, 280–​2 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) 203–​5, 210, 213, 215, 239 arguments for and against, 204–​5 description of, 203–​4 ‘Make in India’, 105, 310 managed floating, 155–​6, 280–​1; see also exchange rate policy Mandal commission, 22, 226–​7; see also reservations manufacturing, 68, 71–​2, 250, 310 share of employment in, 68 market/​markets, 7, 19–​20, 35–​41, 43–​4, 102–​4, 123–​4, 154, 187–​8, 276–​7, 288–​93 failures of, 37–​9, 40–​1, 44, 75, 94, 187–​8, 190, 191–​2, 276, 303–​4 for factors of production, 65–​72, 77–​82, 94–​102, 289, 291, 294 for goods and services, 87–​94, 290–​1, 293–​4 liberalization of, 36, 229 prices, 37, 41, 90–​1, 95, 143, 164, 202, 288 reform of, 77–​82, 87–​105, 290–​6 virtues of, 37 see also competition; natural monopoly Mayawati, 227 mega-​regional agreements, 297, 309 merit goods, 38, 213 Mid-​Day Meals scheme, 177, 206 middle class, 313 mobile banking, 207 Modi, Narendra, 25 foreign tours, 299 pan-​Indian electoral support for, 312 as RSS pracharak, 312 Modi government, 82, 96, 100, 105, 278, 280–​1, 299–​300, 304–​6, 307–​8, 310–​12 Monetary Framework Committee, 151, 281 monetary policy, 142, 144–​5, 151–​2, 166–​8, 281–​2 transmission of, 152, 281–​2 reform of policy framework, 151–​2, 166–​8, 281–​2 monopolistic exploitation, 39, 117 multi-​currency system, 261–​2 multilateral negotiations, 264 Narasimha Rao, P.V., 23, 26 National Rural Employment Guarantee, Act, 232; see also Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme nationalization, 40, 41 natural capital, 123–​8 natural monopoly, 38–​9, 117 Nayak, P.J., 118, 285, 295 Nehru, Jawaharlal, 4, 17–​18 non-​tradable goods, 117 nuclear agreement with US, 24 nutrition, 186, 189 oil prices, 18, 22, 89, 144, 152, 159, 288 oil-​related products, 88, 285 ‘Old India Model’, 275–​5 organized industry, 69–​70 Index [ 343 ] 344 organized sector, 65–​7, 69–​70, 73–​4, 76–​7, 79–​80, 94, 283, 288–​9 bias against labour in, 69–​72 definition of, 66 and demand for labour, 69–​72, 73–​82 labour productivity in, 69 output per worker, 52, 57, 69, 87, 288 ownership, 43–​4, 113–​18, 123, 211, 279, 288–​96, 299, 310 Pakistan, 8–​9, 17, 18 Paris conference on climate change, 131–​2 Partial Reform Model, 22–​7, 276 Patel, U., 151, 281 payments regime, see external payments regime per capita: growth, 5–​6, 306, 317 income, 4–​5, 6, 30, 51, 75, 240, 256, 276, 316 planning, 17, 39, 40 plurilateral agreements, 267, 269, 298 police, 234 political: awakening, 226, 228, 306 economy, 8, 30, 209, 225–​30, 278, 315, 317 political parties, 92, 227, 229, 237, 238, 241–​2, 306–​7, 308 financing of, 241, 307 pollution, 38, 124, 125–​6, 189, 235–​6, 293 population, 21, 27–​8, 52–​3, 72–​3, 77, 101, 105, 123, 163–​4, 210–​12, 215 age-​distribution of, 72 poverty, 4, 15, 21, 27–​30, 44, 53, 65, 66, 77, 88, 201, 210–​11 among disadvantaged groups, 28 extreme, 4, 28, 211, 215, 277, 286–​7, 300, 309 in states, 28 programmes, 205 power, 8–​10; see also electricity Pratham, 177, 180 preferential trade agreements (PTAs), 264–​7 price/​prices/​price system, 19, 42–​4, 87–​91, 96, 103, 122, 126, 128, 130, 141, 202–​3, 212, 214, 237, 285, 293 [ 344 ] Index price and output stability 141–​55 price controls, 7, 87–​91, 102, 236, 285 price stabilization, 203 price subsidies, 90, 206, 285, 300 reform, 87–​91, 92–​7, 101–​3, 121–​2, 125–​6, 130–​1, 285, 290, 292, 293, 294, 296 see also inflation; monetary policy; issue prices; procurement prices priority sector lending, 99 private: companies, 7, 61, 94, 95, 102, 114–​16, 119, 291 health insurance markets, 190–​1 ownership, 36, 101, 116 partners, 42, 119 providers, 43, 175, 190–​3, 234, 303–​4 sector, 17, 37, 41–​4, 62, 101, 191–​2, 194–​6, 232–​6, 292–​3, 302–​3, 306 privatization, 24, 41–​2, 92, 113–​18, 121, 165, 213, 287, 291, 295 and efficiency, 116 fiscal case for, 116 procurement prices, 91, 143, 145, 152 production, pattern of, 69 productivity, 23, 26, 27, 52, 53–​4, 60–​2, 66, 70, 87, 94, 233, 288–​9 growth of, 62, 87, 113, 116, 247, 253, 288, 290–​2, 297, 310, 312 see also labour productivity; total factor productivity promoter/​promoters, 62, 98, 128, 154, 308 prosperity, 4, 276 public and private providers, 43, 193, 303–​4 public distribution system (PDS), 41, 91, 143, 164, 202–​3, 209, 239, 253 reform of, 202–​3 public goods/​public services, 7–​8, 37–​8, 41–​3, 92, 175, 181, 201, 210, 228, 230, 242, 277, 313–​14 public health, see ‘traditional public health’; see also health/​health care public interest litigation, 125–​6 public–​private partnerships, 42, 59, 95, 119–​23, 292, 296, 309 reform of, 119–​20, 295–​6 Public Procurement Bill, 241 345 public sector, 7, 19–​20, 42–​3, 58, 66, 115, 119–​21, 180, 193, 196 public sector banks (PSBs), 118, 154–​5, 284, 295, 309 reform of, 118, 154, 295 public sector enterprises (PSEs), 19–​20, 24, 41, 93, 113–​18, 164–​5, 180, 213, 287, 291, 295, 309 and the Modi government, 294 reform of, 115–​18, 291, 295 public telecom companies, 114 Punjab, 30, 102, 127, 226, 227 separatist movement in, 22 purchasing power parity (PPP), 5, 276 pure public goods, 37–​8, 43, 102, 140, 164, 188, 191, 210, 212, 277, 285–​6 quantitative easing, 158, 262 Radical Reform Model, 276 -​308 Ram, K., 227 rail services, 90, 285 Rajan, R., 99, 152, 159 Rangarajan, C., 28, 210 Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY), 191, 195–​6, 205, 303, 305 Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), 311–​12 real effective exchange rate (RER), 158, 281 recapitalization, 118, 154, 162, 285 recession, 18, 23, 36, 160; see also slowdown Reddy, Y.V., 157 reform/​reforms, see economic reform/​ reforms Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), 265, 266, 297 regulation, 7, 43–​4, 77–​8, 117–​18, 125, 240–​2, 258–​9, 276–​7, 288–​93, 303–​4, 307 remittances, 249, 254 reservations, 22, 72, 234, 276 Reserve Bank of India (RBI), 100, 145, 151–​2, 154, 156–​9, 162, 258, 279, 281–​2, 284, 295 resource/​resources allocation, 7, 36, 44, 87, 91–​3 degradation of, 124, 127 scarcity of, 38, 40, 236–​7, 260 Right to Education Act (RTEA), 181–​3, 231, 301; see also education Right to Information Act (RTIA), 240 rights, 18, 36, 38, 40, 43, 76, 95, 96, 98, 123–​4, 231–​2, 236–​7, 268, 293, 307, 311, 313, 315 sanitation, 28, 76, 126, 188–​9, 196, 201, 203, 302, 312 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, 177 savings, 19, 26–​7, 52–​3, 58–​9, 70, 73, 92, 152, 213, 282, 286–​7 domestic, 56, 156 household, 27, 58–​9 public, 58–​9, 148 scandals and scams, 25, 27, 62, 151, 191, 203, 237 security, 9–​10 services, 41–​3, 55, 67–​8, 70, 71, 72, 93–​4, 100, 104–​5, 247–​50, 266–​8, 290–​2, 298 shadow banks, 258 Shanta Kumar committee, 203 Shastri, Lal Bahadur, 17 Sick Industrial companies Act (SICA), 97–​8 Singh, Manmohan, 23–​5, 206 Singh, V.P. 22–​3; see also Mandal Commission; reservations skill/​skills, 77, 252, 310; see also human capital; vocational and technical education and training skill-​intensive sectors, 69–​70, 104–​5 small firms, 71, 72, 73–​7, 283, 295 small-​scale industry reservations, 72 social: awakening, 226, 306 democracy, 36, 201–​2, 300 security benefits, 66–​7 social enablement 163, 165, 201, 202, 300-​6 Modi government and, 304–​6 social protection, 163, 201–​22, 279, 300, 304 framework for, 202, 203, 210, 300–​4 Modi government and, 304 reform, 208-​15 schemes, 202, 206, 210, 300 social safety net, 201–​22, 239, 277 Index [ 345 ] 346 South Korea, 5, 6, 20, 68, 70, 157, 262, 265, 316 Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), 261–​2 state: accountability, 230–​5 capacity, 231–​5, 254 intervention, 7, 19, 36, 37-​44, 142, 187–​90, 192, 226, 228, 300, 302 and market relationship, 8, 36–​44 ownership, 18, 36, 40, 41, 113-​18, 163 political economy of, 225–​30 reform of, 233–​5, 241–​3, 247 state electricity boards (SEBs), 89–​90, 122, 309; see also UDAY state public sector enterprises (SPSEs), 114, 115, 116 states: deprivation in, 28 growth in, 27 inequality between, 29–​30 poverty in, 28 see also Centre and States sterilized intervention, 156 stressed assets, 122, 154, 284 subsidies, 30, 38, 43–​4, 87–​92, 101–​4, 163–​4, 205–​8, 212–​13, 230, 285–​8, 293–​4 elimination of, 214–​15, 230 explicit, 163–​4 hidden, 87, 92, 123, 164, 212, 285 problems in unwinding, 214 Subbarao, D., 158–​9 Subramanian, T.S.R., 127 Swachh Bharat, 306, 310 Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS), see Public Distribution System tax/​taxes/​tax system, 35, 38, 40, 44, 89, 92–​3, 124–​5, 128, 131, 163, 286–​7, 290–​1 exemptions, 93, 163, 213, 284 indirect tax, 92–​3, 163, 290–​1 on international trade, 93, 247; see also trade liberalization minimum alternate tax, 299 reform, 92-​3, 162–​3, 291, 293 retrospective, 151, 299 and revenue, 35, 37, 51, 163 [ 346 ] Index see also government expenditure; subsidies teachers, 179–​83 telecom spectrum, 38, 236 Tendulkar, S., 28, 210–​11, 216 total factor productivity (TFP), 52, 53–​7, 72, 80, 87, 104; see also productivity tradable goods, 88, 117, 291 trade, see international trade Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), 264–​5 Trade in Services Agreement (TISA), 269, 298 trade unions, 66, 79, 82 and political parties, 82 teachers’ unions, 179, 183, 229 ‘traditional public health’ (TPH), 188–​9, 196, 303 tragedy of the commons, 38 Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), 265 Trans-​Pacific Partnership (TPP), 265–​6, 298 transparency, 44, 240 UDAY, 296 unemployment, 65 United Progressive Alliance (UPA), 24–​5, 95, 97, 117, 143, 164, 202, 283, 307–​8 United States, 8, 252, 255 and China rivalry, 10 gilded age, 240, 243 as ‘hyper-​power’, 9 and India, civil nuclear agreement, 9 University Grants Commission (UGC), 184–​5 unorganized sector, 66–​7, 69–​70, 76–​7, 78, 99, 288–​9 definition of, 66 low-​labour-​productivity in, 66 low-​quality jobs in, 73 output of, 67, 69 as ‘own account enterprises’, 76 workers in, 65 urban: infrastructure, 97, 120, 123, 292 land, 96, 131 urbanization, 96 347 Vajpayee, Atal Behari, 24 value-​added tax (VAT), 92–​3 vocational and technical education and training (VTET), 185 water, 75, 90–​1, 101–​3, 125–​7, 206, 212, 285, 290, 293, 309 over-​extraction of, 126 pricing, 126–​7 women, 29, 72, 73, 204, 205, 210, 233, 304, 311; see also female labour force participation rate; literacy, female workforce, 66–​7, 77, 80, 94, 292 income of organized, 145 informal, 67, 69 mal-​distributed, 66 non-​farm, 67 poor, 100 in unorganized sector, 66–​7 see also labour/​labour force World Bank, 28, 186 ‘Ease of Doing Business’ reports of, 74, 283 and foreign aid, 18 survey of Indian firms, 74 World Trade Organization (WTO), 263–​4, 267–​8 Yadav, Lalu Prasad, 227 Yadav, Mulayam Singh, 227 zamindari, abolition of, 226 Index [ 347 ] 348

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References [ 335 ] 336 ╇ 337 INDEX Aadhar card, 206, 207, 214, 304 and Aadhar-╉linked bank accounts, 207, 214, 287, 304 administration, see government administration advanced countries (ACs), 53, 65, 97, 129, 132, 141, 145, 188, 202, 255, 257, 262, 263–╉4, 266–╉8, 277, 298 Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA), 269, 298 agriculture, 55, 67–╉70, 93, 100–╉4, 121, 126, 141–╉2, 163, 229, 248, 267, 292–╉3, 296, 309 exports, 103 marketing, 101, 293, 309 price controls in, 102 public investment in, 102, 293, 296, 309 reform in, 100–╉4, 292–╉3 share in GDP, 67–╉8 subsidies in, 102–╉3, 293, 296, 309 surplus labour from, 70 trade liberalization in, 103, 267 workers in, 66–╉7 Agricultural Produce Marketing Committees (APMCs), 101 air quality, 124–╉6 ASEAN, 265 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), 266, 298 backward states, 29 balance of payments, 22, 139–╉40, 155–╉9, 248–╉50, 254, 259, 299 Bangladesh, 28, 176, 186, 187 Bank Investment Company (BIC), 118, 295 bankruptcy, 7, 97–╉9, 154–╉5, 291, 294 Basel committee on Bank Regulation (BCBR), 258 Basel III standards, 258 basic income, 197, 210–╉15, 216–╉19, 285–╉8, 293, 303–╉4 cost of providing, 216–╉19 recommended magnitude of, 212, 214, 216–╉19 universal, 211, 212, 214–╉15, 216–╉19 Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 22–╉3, 24–╉5, 227–╉8, 278, 311–╉12 -╉led NDA government, 117 see also Modi Government black money, 237–╉8 Board of Industrial and Financial Restructuring (BIFR), 97–╉8 business houses, 61, 62 capital, 26, 52–╉3, 69–╉70, 72, 105, 248, 258, 291 accumulation of, 52–╉3, 58–╉60, 312; see also investment -╉intensive sectors, 69, 80 markets, 97–╉9 movements, 155, 159, 252, 262, 267 of banks, 154, 258, 284, 295 per worker, 52, 52 physical capital, 52–╉3 reform of capital markets, 97–╉9, 291 see also human capital; investment; environment capital capital account convertibility (CAC), 155, 159, 253, 262 capital controls, 155–╉6, 262–╉3 capital flows, 157, 250, 254, 282 volatility of, 262 338 capital-​output ratio, 19 capitalism, 60–​2 carbon tax, 130 cash transfers, 91, 164, 206–​14, 288, 296 objections to, 208 technology of, 206–​10 universal, 214–​15 see also basic income Central Government Public sector enterprises (CPSEs), 113–​23 Central Vigilance commission (CVC), 115, 234 Centre and States, 161, 228, 313–​15 child/​infant mortality, 20, 72, 125, 186 nutrition, 28, 186, 189 China, 6, 8–​10, 25, 28, 29, 55, 70, 72, 73, 124, 125, 130, 131, 132, 163, 176, 179, 185, 186, 249–​50, 252, 254, 255, 256–​7 Churchill, Winston, 3 civil servants, 43, 151, 233, 308 climate change, 128–​33 and India, 129–​33, 256–​7 and low-​carbon strategies, 131 and Paris Conference, 131-​2 coal, 88, 89, 114, 122, 130, 132, 214, 285 collective action, 42, 97, 226, 229, 306 companies, 26, 52, 61, 72, 78, 79–​80, 97–​8, 114–​16, 148, 153–​4, 284 competition, 26, 42–​3, 61, 92–​4, 115–​17, 120–​2, 181, 183–​5, 290, 303, 268, 313–​14 Competition Commission, 93, 283, 290 concentration, 61 conditional cash transfers (CCTs), 209–​10 Congress Party, 18, 22–​3, 24, 24, 25, 114, 227–​8, 229, 235, 278, 295, 301 contracts, 41–​3, 119–​21, 123, 230, 237, 308 contract labour, 67, 79, 290 Contract Labour Act (CLA), 79, 81, 82 contract teachers, 179, 182, 301–​2 controls, 18, 19, 43, 44, 87–​91 coordination, 37, 39, 43, 92, 104, 120, 152, 256, 264, 292 [ 338 ] Index corporate: investment, 23, 26–​7, 56, 59–​61, 145–​8, 285 savings, 26, 27 sector, 58, 61–​2, 154, 284 corruption, 22, 44, 74, 79, 96, 105, 185, 207–​8, 235–​43, 307–​10 courts, 234–​5 credit, 19, 25, 27, 74, 76, 99, 118, 188, 280–​1, 284 access to, 75–​6, 253 bank, 153–​4, 276 directed, 75 for small firms, 75, 295 short-​term, 22 wilful defaulters and, 99 criminal politicians, 238 crisis, 22, 23, 30, 157–​9, 259, 260, 280, 315 of 1991, 26 crony capitalism, 7, 8, 62, 105, 235–​43, 277, 283, 306–​7, 310, 313 crop insurance, 296, 309 cross-​border outsourcing, 70, 250, 263 crowding out, 151, 160 current account deficit, 23, 27, 59, 139, 155, 156, 156–​7, 248–​9, 253, 280–​1 debt overhang, 148, 153–​5, 284 decentralization, 179, 185, 232–​3, 306, 308, 314–​15 ‘deep fiscal adjustment’, 165, 279, 285–​8, 290, 300, 309–​10, 314 and economic reform, 91–​2, 163–​5, 212–​14, 285–​8 and universal basic income 285–​7 Modi government and, 287–​8 democracy, 3–​4, 9, 10, 18, 35, 36, 141, 225–​6, 229, 232–​3, 306, 311–​12, 315–​17 demographic transition, 52, 59, 72–​3 deprivation, 27–​30, 35, 201 devaluation, 18, 23, 252, 254 developing countries (DCs), 15, 27, 44, 53–​4, 130, 132, 141, 176, 252, 256, 263–​4 diesel, 88–​9, 126, 164, 287, 288 disadvantaged: castes, 306 groups, 28–​9, 204, 226, 228, 339 Doha Development Agenda, 300 Draft National Health Policy, 305 droughts, 17–​18, 22, 104, 130, 139, 141, 316 Ease of Doing Business, 60, 74, 75, 77, 94, 105, 284, 289–​90, 308 see also World Bank East Asia, 55, 68, 70, 71, 105, 155, 157, 247, 253, 265 East Asian crisis, 157, 253, 262 economic development, 8, 16, 35, 44, 67, 72, 101, 225, 230, 243, 277–​8 economic reform/​reforms, 54, 77–​82, 87–​91, 92–​4, 94–​7, 101–​4, 104–​5, 117, 119–​23, 126–​7, 130–​1, 151–​3, 154, 159, 162–​5, 182–​5, 188–​91, 195–​7, 210–​15, 233, 240–​3, 263–​9, 275–​308 in 1980s, 22, 24, 26 in 1991, 4, 26, 27 education, 19–​20, 37, 42–​3, 53–​5, 175–​85, 212–​13, 229–​32, 300–​2, 304–​5, 310 enrolment in, 28–​9, 176, 184 ‘free and compulsory’, 181, 231–​2 government schools and, 42, 179–​83, 229, 232, 301–​2 higher, 29, 184–​6, 302 pedagogic practices in, 179, 301 primary, 28–​9, 42, 176–​83, 185, 300, 305 private providers in, 234 private schools in, 177, 172–​7, 301–​2 private universities in, 184, 185 quality of, 53, 179, 183, 301, 312 reform, 181–​5, 301–​2, 305 secondary, 29, 53, 71, 176–​83, 185, 300, 305 teacher accountability in, 179, 301–​2, 305 teacher effort in, 179 universal free, 304 vocational, 185 vouchers, 181 see also Right to Education Act election expenditures, 238, 241, 307–​8 electricity, 89–​90, 117, 121–​2, 214, 309 Electricity Act of 2003, 122 Emergency, 18 see also Gandhi, Indira employment, 19, 51, 65–​8, 71, 73, 77, 79–​82, 94, 203–​4, 288–​90, 300–​1 formal and informal, 67, 69 in organized and unorganized sectors, 66–​7 problem, 54, 65–​70, 77, 87, 288–​90, 297 sectoral shares, 68 see also labour ends of economic policy, 35–​6 energy, 88, 113, 128–​31, 254, 296 entrepreneurship, 40, 61, 62, 75, 313; see also corporate sector environment, 123–​33 capital, 123–​8 degradation of, 124, 126–​7, 312 Modi government and, 296 pollution, 124–​6, 296, 309 property rights and, 123–​4 protection of, 102, 113, 165, 229, 293 reform, 124–​8, 130–​3, 293, 296 exchange rate, 155–​6 and external payments regime, 155 policy, 155–​9, 282 reform of policy framework, 159 regime, 155, 282 exports, 23, 55, 69–​70, 72, 92, 103, 153, 159, 248–​9, 255, 281–​2, 297 external economic engagement, 257–​69, 297–​300 Modi Government and, 299–​300 external: balance, 140, 155–​9, 279, 282 liberalization, 253, 297 payments regime, 155–​9 see also balance of payments external effects/​externalities, 38, 39, 43, 124, 130, 191–​2, 286 factor markets: capital, 97–​9 finance 99–​100 labour, 77–​82, 94 land, 94–​7 Modi government and, 294 reform of, 94–​102, 291 Index [ 339 ] 340 farmers, 89–​91, 101–​3, 126–​7, 143–​5, 202, 228, 238, 293 and pricing of fertilizers, 90 and subsidies, 90 self-​sufficient, 103 see also agriculture federalism: competitive, 314 cooperative, 214, 314 see also Centre and States female labour force participation rate, 73 fertilizers, 90, 103, 164, 206, 212, 285, 290 Finance Commission, 161, 228, 281, 308, 313, 314–​15 financial: inclusion, 99–​100, 291, 309 institutions, 76, 100, 140, 258 repression, 152, 162, 282 sector reform, 99–​100, 294 firms: in unorganized sector, 76, 77 size-​distribution of, 71 see also small firms; companies fiscal: adjustment, 162, 165 balance, 159–​65 consolidation, 30, 59, 159, 161–​3, 281, 282, 309 crackdown, 18 deficits, 30, 139, 143, 148, 156, 157, 159–​65, 213, 280, 287 policy/​policies, 25–​6, 30, 142, 145, 151–​2, 159–​65, 281, 282 problem, 159, 280 reform, 92–​3, 159–​65, 282 sustainability, 160, 280 see also ‘deep fiscal adjustment’; subsidies Fiscal Responsibility Act ( 2003), 162 food: articles, 141, 143, 144 market, 142–​3, 144 security, 41, 203, 267 subsidies, 91, 143, 164, 202–​3, 205–​6, 212–​13, 288 see also public distribution system; issue prices; procurement prices Food Security Act (FSA), 164, 202, 231 [ 340 ] Index foreign: aid, 18, 256 borrowing, 23, 26, 30, 156 capital, 247 investment, 24, 247–​50, 255, 258–​9, 297–​8, 299–​300 relations, 8, 9 foreign direct investment (FDI), 93, 151, 250–​1, 253, 268, 284, 299 from China, 254 Indian diaspora’s role in, 254–​5 liberalization of, 229, 299 policy regime, 250 reform, 93, 299 foreign exchange: intervention, 156 reserves, 156, 157, 158, 249, 260; see also global reserve system forests, 127–​8 free capital mobility, 157; see also capital account convertibility Gandhi, Indira, 17–​18, 22, 26, 227, 229, 233, 237 Gandhi, Rajiv, 22–​3, 26 Gandhi, Sonia, 24 Gini Coefficient, 29, 30 global: ambition 8–​10 credit crisis, 25, 58–​9, 139, 160, 253, 258–​9, 277 economic issues, 257–​9 engagement, 247–​69 exchange rate system, 259 imbalances, 259–​60 manufacturing networks, 250 reserve system, 261–​2 slowdown, 25, 151; see also recession supply chains, 264 global credit/​financial crisis (GFC), 25, 27, 58–​9, 139, 253, 257–​9, 262, 277 global warming, see climate change globalization, 247, 254; see also global engagement goods and services, 41–​3, 92, 94, 113, 163, 206, 210, 247–​8, 257, 290–​1, 293 carbon-​intensive, 130 reform of markets in, 87–​91, 92–​4, 290 341 goods and services tax (GST), 92–​3, 291, 293–​4 government administration, 230–​5, 307, 308 consumption, 59 corruption in, 235–​43 debt, 160–​1 employees, 43, 239 expenditure, 163–​5 failures, 7, 39–​40, 44, 187–​8, 191–​2, 276, 304 interest payments, 165 intervention, 19, 40, 87, 91, 104, 144, 236 procurement, 236–​7, 241 services, 44 spending, 88, 102, 131, 148, 163, 203, 302 subsidies, 44, 87–​92, 102, 180 see also state gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), 145 growth acceleration, 15, 16, 27, 55, 61 accounting, 54–​8 fast, 5–​6 high-​quality, 5, 8, 276, 279, 315–​17 Hindu rate of, 15, 100 of output per head/​per worker, 51–​4 rate of, 4, 5–​6, 15–​16, 19, 23, 26, 30, 36, 51, 53–​7, 101, 144, 151 rapid, 17, 19, 35, 51, 52, 54, 60, 65, 70, 73, 87, 93, 104, 119, 153, 230, 236, 240, 279, 297, 300, 302, 309 slow, 19–​20, 144, 275 slowdown, 25, 56, 144, 145, 153–​4, 281, 317 sources of, 51–​8 ‘super-​fast’, 6, 28, 139, 157, 297 sustainable, 35, 113, 123–​33, 279 health/​health care, 7, 19, 37, 43, 175, 186–​8, 188–​97, 300, 302–​3, 304–5, 310, 312, 313 future of, 195–​7 money follows patient scheme, 303 primary care, 19, 187, 191–​4, 195–​6, 302–​3, 305 public health and, 72, 186–​8, 302 quality of, 189, 191–​7 reform of, 195–7, 305 secondary care, 187, 189–​91, 195–​6, 302–​3, 304–​5 state intervention in, 187 universal, 195 health insurance, 39, 190, 205, 210, 303 high-​income countries, 4–​5, 51, 276, 316 Hinduism, extremist version of, 311–​12 Hirschman, A. 42 household savings, 58–​9 human capital, 21, 53, 66, 189, 254, 287, 289, 302 inclusion, 6, 30, 35, 91, 99, 113, 135, 175, 215, 293, 300 see also financial inclusion income: agricultural, 163 distribution, 29, 36–​7, 44, 256–​7 redistribution, 43, 88, 91–​2, 201–​19, 253 ‘India shining, ’ 24 Indian capitalism, 60–​2 Indian university system, 184; see also education, higher India’s global engagement evolution and extent, 247–​52 impact on India, 252–​5 impact on the world, 255–​7 India’s stance on global economic issues, 257–​69 Indradhanush initiative, 295 industry/​industries, 26, 55, 61, 67–​70, 88, 94, 97, 100, 101, 104–​5, 113–​14, 153, 158, 267 Industrial Disputes Act (IDA), 78–​82, 256 industrial policy, 104–​5, 284 reform of, 104–​5 industrialization, 105, 202, 253 inequality, 4, 29–​30, 226 regional, 29 inflation, 18, 23, 25, 27, 59, 139–​45, 151–​3, 157–​8, 162, 166–​8, 208, 279–​80 and government debt ratio, 162 and Modi government, 152, 280–​1 demand factors, 144–​5 high, 36, 59, 140, 144–​5, 148, 151, 162, 279 Index [ 341 ] 342 inflation (Cont.) supply-​side factors, 142–​4 targeting, 151, 166–​8, 279–​80 see also monetary policy information problems, 39 information technology (IT) sector, 61, 70, 233, 240, 249, 253, 298 infrastructure, 7, 24, 60, 113, 119–​23 and the Modi government, 295–​6 reform, 119–​23, 292, 295–​6 see also Public–​Private Partnerships Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 97–​8, 294; see also bankruptcy institutional decay, 226, 229, 230, 306–​7 Integrated Child Development services(ICDS), 189 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), 132 international: liquidity, 260–​1 migration, 252, 254–​5 money, 258–​63 reserves, 259, 299 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 18, 22, 23, 26, 253, 259–​62 international monetary system, 259, 260–​2 international trade, 18–​19, 78, 92–​4, 101, 103, 156–​7, 247–​8, 252–​5, 255–​7, 263–​9, 276–​7, 297–​300, 310 and ‘behind-​the-​border’ items, 264 between India and EU, 300 liberalization of, 18, 24, 38, 93, 103, 117, 163, 248, 253, 263, 290, 298 policies, 92–​3, 248, 256, 262–​3, 297 policy reform, 93, 263–​9, 297–​300 investment, 19–​20, 26–​7, 39–​40, 52–​3, 56, 60, 93-​5, 102, 145, 148, 153-​5, 250–​2, 282–​5 and Modi Government, 282–​5 climate, 60, 282–​5 corporate, 26, 59, 145–​8 household, 59 in infrastructure, 59, 95, 119, 120–​1, 163 in 1980s, 23 private, 59, 89–​91, 103, 119, 120, 123, 148, 162, 280–​1, 283, 287 public, 17, 22, 23, 59, 91, 102, 104, 119, 123, 213–​14, 292–​3, 296, 309 [ 342 ] Index reforms in climate for, 74–​6, 282–​5 revival, 284 risk-​premium on, 148 see also public–​private partnerships issue prices, 91, 143, 164, 202 Jan Dhan, 207 Janata party coalition government, 18 Judicial Appointments Bill, 235 justice, administration of, 43 Kashmir, 8, 227 kerosene, 88–​9, 164, 285, 288 labour, 7, 19, 39, 52, 54–​5, 65, 69–​74, 76–​8, 79–​80, 94, 104–​5, 176, 229, 257, 288–​91 as resource, 52, 55, 69 bias against use of, 69–​72 -​demanding growth, 76 -​intensive industries, 80, 253 -​intensive manufacturing, 70, 72, 250, 266, 298 -​intensive products, 70, 72, 73, 77, 80, 290 low-​skilled, 70–​2, 77, 254 reallocation of, 54 skilled, 77 shift from agriculture, 69, 70 training, 38, 185 see also contract labour; labour laws; labour market labour force participation rate, 73 labour laws/​regulations, 65, 77–​82, 94, 97, 253, 289–​90, 294, 299, 309 reform of, 77–​82, 294 studies on impact of, 80 labour market, 7, 39, 77–​82, 94, 290, 310 reform of, 81–​2, 294 labour productivity, 52, 54, 66–​9, 69, 72, 73, 76, 104, 288–​9 growth of, 55 in organized industry, 69 see also output per worker land, 55, 74, 76, 94–​7, 120, 211, 213, 236, 291, 294, 309–​10 Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act (LARR), 95–​6, 294 343 land market 94 price-​discovery in, 96, 291 land law: reform, 95–​7, 294 liberal democracy, 35–​6, 279, 311–​12, 315–​16 liberalization, 7, 18, 22–​4, 26, 54, 61–​2, 104, 159, 215, 252–​5, 262 of foreign direct investment (FDI), 299 license raj, 27, 184, 307 licenses, 19, 40, 100, 122, 230, 235, 237–​9, 283 life expectancy, 20, 186 literacy, 28 adult, 20 female, 29 local government, 314–​15 low-​income countries, 28, 186, 256, 300, 302 macroeconomic stability, 7, 35, 37, 43, 53, 59, 139–​65, 279–​82 and external balance, 155–​9 and fiscal balance, 159–​65 and internal balance, 141–​55, 281–​2 Modi Government and, 280–​2 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) 203–​5, 210, 213, 215, 239 arguments for and against, 204–​5 description of, 203–​4 ‘Make in India’, 105, 310 managed floating, 155–​6, 280–​1; see also exchange rate policy Mandal commission, 22, 226–​7; see also reservations manufacturing, 68, 71–​2, 250, 310 share of employment in, 68 market/​markets, 7, 19–​20, 35–​41, 43–​4, 102–​4, 123–​4, 154, 187–​8, 276–​7, 288–​93 failures of, 37–​9, 40–​1, 44, 75, 94, 187–​8, 190, 191–​2, 276, 303–​4 for factors of production, 65–​72, 77–​82, 94–​102, 289, 291, 294 for goods and services, 87–​94, 290–​1, 293–​4 liberalization of, 36, 229 prices, 37, 41, 90–​1, 95, 143, 164, 202, 288 reform of, 77–​82, 87–​105, 290–​6 virtues of, 37 see also competition; natural monopoly Mayawati, 227 mega-​regional agreements, 297, 309 merit goods, 38, 213 Mid-​Day Meals scheme, 177, 206 middle class, 313 mobile banking, 207 Modi, Narendra, 25 foreign tours, 299 pan-​Indian electoral support for, 312 as RSS pracharak, 312 Modi government, 82, 96, 100, 105, 278, 280–​1, 299–​300, 304–​6, 307–​8, 310–​12 Monetary Framework Committee, 151, 281 monetary policy, 142, 144–​5, 151–​2, 166–​8, 281–​2 transmission of, 152, 281–​2 reform of policy framework, 151–​2, 166–​8, 281–​2 monopolistic exploitation, 39, 117 multi-​currency system, 261–​2 multilateral negotiations, 264 Narasimha Rao, P.V., 23, 26 National Rural Employment Guarantee, Act, 232; see also Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme nationalization, 40, 41 natural capital, 123–​8 natural monopoly, 38–​9, 117 Nayak, P.J., 118, 285, 295 Nehru, Jawaharlal, 4, 17–​18 non-​tradable goods, 117 nuclear agreement with US, 24 nutrition, 186, 189 oil prices, 18, 22, 89, 144, 152, 159, 288 oil-​related products, 88, 285 ‘Old India Model’, 275–​5 organized industry, 69–​70 Index [ 343 ] 344 organized sector, 65–​7, 69–​70, 73–​4, 76–​7, 79–​80, 94, 283, 288–​9 bias against labour in, 69–​72 definition of, 66 and demand for labour, 69–​72, 73–​82 labour productivity in, 69 output per worker, 52, 57, 69, 87, 288 ownership, 43–​4, 113–​18, 123, 211, 279, 288–​96, 299, 310 Pakistan, 8–​9, 17, 18 Paris conference on climate change, 131–​2 Partial Reform Model, 22–​7, 276 Patel, U., 151, 281 payments regime, see external payments regime per capita: growth, 5–​6, 306, 317 income, 4–​5, 6, 30, 51, 75, 240, 256, 276, 316 planning, 17, 39, 40 plurilateral agreements, 267, 269, 298 police, 234 political: awakening, 226, 228, 306 economy, 8, 30, 209, 225–​30, 278, 315, 317 political parties, 92, 227, 229, 237, 238, 241–​2, 306–​7, 308 financing of, 241, 307 pollution, 38, 124, 125–​6, 189, 235–​6, 293 population, 21, 27–​8, 52–​3, 72–​3, 77, 101, 105, 123, 163–​4, 210–​12, 215 age-​distribution of, 72 poverty, 4, 15, 21, 27–​30, 44, 53, 65, 66, 77, 88, 201, 210–​11 among disadvantaged groups, 28 extreme, 4, 28, 211, 215, 277, 286–​7, 300, 309 in states, 28 programmes, 205 power, 8–​10; see also electricity Pratham, 177, 180 preferential trade agreements (PTAs), 264–​7 price/​prices/​price system, 19, 42–​4, 87–​91, 96, 103, 122, 126, 128, 130, 141, 202–​3, 212, 214, 237, 285, 293 [ 344 ] Index price and output stability 141–​55 price controls, 7, 87–​91, 102, 236, 285 price stabilization, 203 price subsidies, 90, 206, 285, 300 reform, 87–​91, 92–​7, 101–​3, 121–​2, 125–​6, 130–​1, 285, 290, 292, 293, 294, 296 see also inflation; monetary policy; issue prices; procurement prices priority sector lending, 99 private: companies, 7, 61, 94, 95, 102, 114–​16, 119, 291 health insurance markets, 190–​1 ownership, 36, 101, 116 partners, 42, 119 providers, 43, 175, 190–​3, 234, 303–​4 sector, 17, 37, 41–​4, 62, 101, 191–​2, 194–​6, 232–​6, 292–​3, 302–​3, 306 privatization, 24, 41–​2, 92, 113–​18, 121, 165, 213, 287, 291, 295 and efficiency, 116 fiscal case for, 116 procurement prices, 91, 143, 145, 152 production, pattern of, 69 productivity, 23, 26, 27, 52, 53–​4, 60–​2, 66, 70, 87, 94, 233, 288–​9 growth of, 62, 87, 113, 116, 247, 253, 288, 290–​2, 297, 310, 312 see also labour productivity; total factor productivity promoter/​promoters, 62, 98, 128, 154, 308 prosperity, 4, 276 public and private providers, 43, 193, 303–​4 public distribution system (PDS), 41, 91, 143, 164, 202–​3, 209, 239, 253 reform of, 202–​3 public goods/​public services, 7–​8, 37–​8, 41–​3, 92, 175, 181, 201, 210, 228, 230, 242, 277, 313–​14 public health, see ‘traditional public health’; see also health/​health care public interest litigation, 125–​6 public–​private partnerships, 42, 59, 95, 119–​23, 292, 296, 309 reform of, 119–​20, 295–​6 Public Procurement Bill, 241 345 public sector, 7, 19–​20, 42–​3, 58, 66, 115, 119–​21, 180, 193, 196 public sector banks (PSBs), 118, 154–​5, 284, 295, 309 reform of, 118, 154, 295 public sector enterprises (PSEs), 19–​20, 24, 41, 93, 113–​18, 164–​5, 180, 213, 287, 291, 295, 309 and the Modi government, 294 reform of, 115–​18, 291, 295 public telecom companies, 114 Punjab, 30, 102, 127, 226, 227 separatist movement in, 22 purchasing power parity (PPP), 5, 276 pure public goods, 37–​8, 43, 102, 140, 164, 188, 191, 210, 212, 277, 285–​6 quantitative easing, 158, 262 Radical Reform Model, 276 -​308 Ram, K., 227 rail services, 90, 285 Rajan, R., 99, 152, 159 Rangarajan, C., 28, 210 Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY), 191, 195–​6, 205, 303, 305 Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), 311–​12 real effective exchange rate (RER), 158, 281 recapitalization, 118, 154, 162, 285 recession, 18, 23, 36, 160; see also slowdown Reddy, Y.V., 157 reform/​reforms, see economic reform/​ reforms Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), 265, 266, 297 regulation, 7, 43–​4, 77–​8, 117–​18, 125, 240–​2, 258–​9, 276–​7, 288–​93, 303–​4, 307 remittances, 249, 254 reservations, 22, 72, 234, 276 Reserve Bank of India (RBI), 100, 145, 151–​2, 154, 156–​9, 162, 258, 279, 281–​2, 284, 295 resource/​resources allocation, 7, 36, 44, 87, 91–​3 degradation of, 124, 127 scarcity of, 38, 40, 236–​7, 260 Right to Education Act (RTEA), 181–​3, 231, 301; see also education Right to Information Act (RTIA), 240 rights, 18, 36, 38, 40, 43, 76, 95, 96, 98, 123–​4, 231–​2, 236–​7, 268, 293, 307, 311, 313, 315 sanitation, 28, 76, 126, 188–​9, 196, 201, 203, 302, 312 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, 177 savings, 19, 26–​7, 52–​3, 58–​9, 70, 73, 92, 152, 213, 282, 286–​7 domestic, 56, 156 household, 27, 58–​9 public, 58–​9, 148 scandals and scams, 25, 27, 62, 151, 191, 203, 237 security, 9–​10 services, 41–​3, 55, 67–​8, 70, 71, 72, 93–​4, 100, 104–​5, 247–​50, 266–​8, 290–​2, 298 shadow banks, 258 Shanta Kumar committee, 203 Shastri, Lal Bahadur, 17 Sick Industrial companies Act (SICA), 97–​8 Singh, Manmohan, 23–​5, 206 Singh, V.P. 22–​3; see also Mandal Commission; reservations skill/​skills, 77, 252, 310; see also human capital; vocational and technical education and training skill-​intensive sectors, 69–​70, 104–​5 small firms, 71, 72, 73–​7, 283, 295 small-​scale industry reservations, 72 social: awakening, 226, 306 democracy, 36, 201–​2, 300 security benefits, 66–​7 social enablement 163, 165, 201, 202, 300-​6 Modi government and, 304–​6 social protection, 163, 201–​22, 279, 300, 304 framework for, 202, 203, 210, 300–​4 Modi government and, 304 reform, 208-​15 schemes, 202, 206, 210, 300 social safety net, 201–​22, 239, 277 Index [ 345 ] 346 South Korea, 5, 6, 20, 68, 70, 157, 262, 265, 316 Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), 261–​2 state: accountability, 230–​5 capacity, 231–​5, 254 intervention, 7, 19, 36, 37-​44, 142, 187–​90, 192, 226, 228, 300, 302 and market relationship, 8, 36–​44 ownership, 18, 36, 40, 41, 113-​18, 163 political economy of, 225–​30 reform of, 233–​5, 241–​3, 247 state electricity boards (SEBs), 89–​90, 122, 309; see also UDAY state public sector enterprises (SPSEs), 114, 115, 116 states: deprivation in, 28 growth in, 27 inequality between, 29–​30 poverty in, 28 see also Centre and States sterilized intervention, 156 stressed assets, 122, 154, 284 subsidies, 30, 38, 43–​4, 87–​92, 101–​4, 163–​4, 205–​8, 212–​13, 230, 285–​8, 293–​4 elimination of, 214–​15, 230 explicit, 163–​4 hidden, 87, 92, 123, 164, 212, 285 problems in unwinding, 214 Subbarao, D., 158–​9 Subramanian, T.S.R., 127 Swachh Bharat, 306, 310 Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS), see Public Distribution System tax/​taxes/​tax system, 35, 38, 40, 44, 89, 92–​3, 124–​5, 128, 131, 163, 286–​7, 290–​1 exemptions, 93, 163, 213, 284 indirect tax, 92–​3, 163, 290–​1 on international trade, 93, 247; see also trade liberalization minimum alternate tax, 299 reform, 92-​3, 162–​3, 291, 293 retrospective, 151, 299 and revenue, 35, 37, 51, 163 [ 346 ] Index see also government expenditure; subsidies teachers, 179–​83 telecom spectrum, 38, 236 Tendulkar, S., 28, 210–​11, 216 total factor productivity (TFP), 52, 53–​7, 72, 80, 87, 104; see also productivity tradable goods, 88, 117, 291 trade, see international trade Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), 264–​5 Trade in Services Agreement (TISA), 269, 298 trade unions, 66, 79, 82 and political parties, 82 teachers’ unions, 179, 183, 229 ‘traditional public health’ (TPH), 188–​9, 196, 303 tragedy of the commons, 38 Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), 265 Trans-​Pacific Partnership (TPP), 265–​6, 298 transparency, 44, 240 UDAY, 296 unemployment, 65 United Progressive Alliance (UPA), 24–​5, 95, 97, 117, 143, 164, 202, 283, 307–​8 United States, 8, 252, 255 and China rivalry, 10 gilded age, 240, 243 as ‘hyper-​power’, 9 and India, civil nuclear agreement, 9 University Grants Commission (UGC), 184–​5 unorganized sector, 66–​7, 69–​70, 76–​7, 78, 99, 288–​9 definition of, 66 low-​labour-​productivity in, 66 low-​quality jobs in, 73 output of, 67, 69 as ‘own account enterprises’, 76 workers in, 65 urban: infrastructure, 97, 120, 123, 292 land, 96, 131 urbanization, 96 347 Vajpayee, Atal Behari, 24 value-​added tax (VAT), 92–​3 vocational and technical education and training (VTET), 185 water, 75, 90–​1, 101–​3, 125–​7, 206, 212, 285, 290, 293, 309 over-​extraction of, 126 pricing, 126–​7 women, 29, 72, 73, 204, 205, 210, 233, 304, 311; see also female labour force participation rate; literacy, female workforce, 66–​7, 77, 80, 94, 292 income of organized, 145 informal, 67, 69 mal-​distributed, 66 non-​farm, 67 poor, 100 in unorganized sector, 66–​7 see also labour/​labour force World Bank, 28, 186 ‘Ease of Doing Business’ reports of, 74, 283 and foreign aid, 18 survey of Indian firms, 74 World Trade Organization (WTO), 263–​4, 267–​8 Yadav, Lalu Prasad, 227 Yadav, Mulayam Singh, 227 zamindari, abolition of, 226 Index [ 347 ] 348

When They Go Low, We Go High: Speeches That Shape the World – and Why We Need Them by Philip Collins

anti-communist, Berlin Wall, Bretton Woods, British Empire, classic study, collective bargaining, Copley Medal, Corn Laws, crony capitalism, cuban missile crisis, Deng Xiaoping, desegregation, Donald Trump, F. W. de Klerk, fear of failure, Fellow of the Royal Society, full employment, Great Leap Forward, invention of the printing press, Jeremy Corbyn, late capitalism, Mahatma Gandhi, meritocracy, Mikhail Gorbachev, Monroe Doctrine, Neil Armstrong, Neil Kinnock, Nelson Mandela, plutocrats, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan: Tear down this wall, Rosa Parks, stakhanovite, Ted Sorensen, Thomas Malthus, Torches of Freedom, World Values Survey

An experiment with democracy perhaps even more extraordinary than the formation of the United States began on 15 August 1947. With a brief hiatus under a state of emergency in 1975, this nation of multiple languages and religions found a solvent in democracy. This achievement is owed in no small part to Jawaharlal Nehru. Nehru was drawn into active political opposition to the British Raj, inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s vision of an India reborn and his strategy of non-violent non-cooperation with the imperial rulers. In 1919 he joined the Indian National Congress, which was fighting for greater autonomy from the British. During the 1920s and 1930s he was repeatedly imprisoned by the British for civil disobedience.

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Always one to practise what he preached, Aung San himself constantly demonstrated courage – not just the physical sort but the kind that enabled him to speak the truth, to stand by his word, to accept criticism, to admit his faults, to correct his mistakes, to respect the opposition, to parley with the enemy and to let people be the judge of his worthiness as a leader. It is for such moral courage that he will always be loved and respected in Burma – not merely as a warrior hero but as the inspiration and conscience of the nation. The words used by Jawaharlal Nehru to describe Mahatma Gandhi could well be applied to Aung San: ‘The essence of his teaching was fearlessness and truth, and action allied to these, always keeping the welfare of the masses in view.’ Gandhi, that great apostle of non-violence, and Aung San, the founder of a national army, were very different personalities, but as there is an inevitable sameness about the challenges of authoritarian rule anywhere at any time, so there is a similarity in the intrinsic qualities of those who rise up to meet the challenge.

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This led, in time, to a Supreme Court judgement that segregation on transport was unconstitutional. Taking up the presidency of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a position he held until his death, King became the most important of all the leaders of the civil rights movement. Drawing inspiration from his faith and the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi, Dr King resisted the calls to demand freedom by any means necessary. For that decision alone, Martin Luther King must be reckoned, in a time of tempest, as one of the greatest of politicians. To demand non-violent resistance and distinctly civil disobedience, seen to best effect in his Letter from a Birmingham Jail, was a historic choice for which Dr King merits the laurels of posterity.

Rigged: How the Media, Big Tech, and the Democrats Seized Our Elections by Mollie Hemingway

2021 United States Capitol attack, active measures, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, coronavirus, corporate governance, COVID-19, critical race theory, defund the police, deplatforming, disinformation, Donald Trump, fake news, George Floyd, global pandemic, illegal immigration, inventory management, lab leak, lockdown, machine readable, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, military-industrial complex, obamacare, Oculus Rift, Paris climate accords, Ponzi scheme, power law, QR code, race to the bottom, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, statistical model, tech billionaire, TikTok

Vandana Rambaran, “At Least 60 Secret Service Members Injured during George Floyd Protests in DC,” Fox News, May 31, 2020, https://www.foxnews.com/us/more-than-60-secret-service-officers-injured-during-violent-george-floyd-protests-in-washington-d-c. 61. Paul LeBlanc, “Famed DC Monuments Defaced after Night of Unrest,” CNN, May 31, 2020, https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/31/politics/dc-monuments-lincoln-memorial-defaced/index.html. 62. “Mahatma Gandhi’s Statue at Indian Embassy in Washington Desecrated,” The Week, June 4, 2020, https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2020/06/04/mahatma-gandhis-statue-at-indian-embassy-in-washington-desecrated.html. 63. “Trump Says He’s ‘President of Law and Order,’ Declares Aggressive Action on Violent Protests,” CBS News, June 2, 2020, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-protest-president-law-and-order/. 64.

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Protesters clashed with law enforcement at the barriers set up around the White House, and at least sixty members of the Secret Service were injured in the chaos, including injuries sustained from the crowd’s throwing projectiles and Molotov cocktails.60 A report emerged that Trump had been moved to a secure location to protect him from the protesters. In the week between the death of George Floyd and the assault on the White House, at least twelve statues and memorials were defaced by vandals, including the World War II Memorial and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall.61 Even a statue of the nonviolent revolutionary Mahatma Gandhi in front of the Indian Embassy was vandalized by BLM protesters.62 Following days of violent riots, Washington, D.C., announced a 7:00 p.m. curfew on Monday night. U.S. Park Police cleared the protesters in front of the White House so a stronger security fence could be put at the edge of Lafayette Park.

Broad Band: The Untold Story of the Women Who Made the Internet by Claire L. Evans

4chan, Ada Lovelace, air gap, Albert Einstein, Bletchley Park, British Empire, Charles Babbage, colonial rule, Colossal Cave Adventure, computer age, crowdsourcing, D. B. Cooper, dark matter, dematerialisation, Doomsday Book, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Hofstadter, East Village, Edward Charles Pickering, game design, glass ceiling, Grace Hopper, Gödel, Escher, Bach, Haight Ashbury, Harvard Computers: women astronomers, Honoré de Balzac, Howard Rheingold, HyperCard, hypertext link, index card, information retrieval, Internet Archive, Jacquard loom, John von Neumann, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, junk bonds, knowledge worker, Leonard Kleinrock, machine readable, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, military-industrial complex, Mondo 2000, Mother of all demos, Network effects, old-boy network, On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures, packet switching, PalmPilot, pets.com, rent control, RFC: Request For Comment, rolodex, San Francisco homelessness, semantic web, side hustle, Silicon Valley, Skype, South of Market, San Francisco, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, subscription business, tech worker, technoutopianism, Ted Nelson, telepresence, The Soul of a New Machine, Wayback Machine, Whole Earth Catalog, Whole Earth Review, women in the workforce, Works Progress Administration, Y2K

I’m interested in Mountbatten’s career in India, a two-year period during which he oversaw the country’s transition from colonial rule to independent statehood. This history has its recurring characters: his field marshal, the leader of the Indian National Congress, Jawaharlal Nehru, and of course, Mahatma Gandhi, whose name is everywhere in the source material. Say also that within the Microcosm linkbase, an instance of the name “Mahatma Gandhi” has been linked to some multimedia information—a video, perhaps, of a Gandhi speech. Because of the nature of Microcosm links, that connection isn’t isolated to a single, underlined, hyperlink-blue instance of those words. Rather, it’s connected to the idea of Gandhi, following the man wherever his name may turn up, across every document in the system.

The Challenge for Africa by Wangari Maathai

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Berlin Wall, Bob Geldof, carbon credits, carbon footprint, carbon-based life, clean water, colonial rule, corporate social responsibility, deliberate practice, F. W. de Klerk, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Live Aid, Mahatma Gandhi, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, Scramble for Africa, sovereign wealth fund, structural adjustment programs, sustainable-tourism, trade liberalization, transatlantic slave trade, urban planning, War on Poverty, Washington Consensus

In the three decades since the Green Belt Movement began its work, some Africans have left the trenches to pursue their own interests and ambitions; others have become disappointed and tired. Some are languishing in their homes or jails; others are homeless or in refugee camps. Some are hoping for leadership to deliver them; others are waiting until it is clear to them that they must save themselves by, in the words of Mahatma Gandhi, being the change they wish to see in the world. Yet as I seek to show, the challenges before Africa not only stem from national and international policies (although these play an important part in determining Africa's future, as they have its past), but are also moral, spiritual, cultural, and even psychological in nature.

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In Africa, independence movements throughout the continent struggled to free their fellow citizens from colonialism and imperialism—including those led by Jomo Kenyatta, Patrice Lumumba, Kwame Nkrumah, Nelson Mandela, and Walter Sisulu. One is reminded of the courage and determination of those who fought for women's suffrage in the early part of the twentieth century; Mahatma Gandhi's campaign for Indian independence, which mobilized hundreds of thousands of individuals in nonviolent resistance to British rule; and the civil rights movement in the United States, for which many people gave their lives. All these movements included in their ranks many whose names aren't recorded by history, or whose bones still lie unburied in the forests where they fell fighting for their land and freedom, or who are interred in unmarked graves.

Bricks & Mortals: Ten Great Buildings and the People They Made by Tom Wilkinson

Berlin Wall, British Empire, cuban missile crisis, Donald Trump, double helix, experimental subject, false memory syndrome, financial independence, Ford Model T, Ford paid five dollars a day, Frederick Winslow Taylor, gentrification, Google Glasses, housing crisis, Kitchen Debate, Lewis Mumford, Mahatma Gandhi, mass incarceration, megacity, neoliberal agenda, New Urbanism, nudge theory, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, scientific management, starchitect, traveling salesman, trickle-down economics, Upton Sinclair, urban planning, vertical integration

Marcel Proust, Pleasures and Days1 Abram Games’ banned 1942 propaganda poster featuring the Finsbury Health Centre In blacked-out London’s grimy nights invisible figures armed with nothing more than tin hats and buckets full of sand watched from towers and rooftops – intently or with chilled boredom – for German incendiaries falling from the skies. One of these watchers in the dark was an Indian immigrant named Dr Chuni Lai Katial. Handsome, socialistically inclined and very well connected (a 1931 photograph shows him with Charlie Chaplin and Mahatma Gandhi), Dr Katial was shortly to become Britain’s first Asian mayor. Before the war he was chairman of the public health committee of Finsbury, a deprived inner-city borough of London, and his firewatching was given a special piquancy by the possibility that his own baby might be burned or blasted by the bombs, the child in question being the Finsbury Health Centre.

…

Later, the poor health of volunteers for the Boer Wars (1880–1902) caused a national scandal in Britain: only two fifths were fit to fight, and fear of martial incompetence, and the resulting disintegration of empire, provided an impetus to improve the living conditions of the working class. Dr Katial (rear left) hosted a meeting of Charlie Chaplin and Mahatma Gandhi at his home in London’s East End in 1931 But although changes were made, the nation’s health remained in a parlous state well into the 1930s. The biggest killer was tuberculosis, responsible for 30,000–40,000 deaths a year, and the connection with overcrowding and unsanitary conditions was clear.

Nomad Century: How Climate Migration Will Reshape Our World by Gaia Vince

3D printing, An Inconvenient Truth, Anthropocene, biodiversity loss, bitcoin, Boris Johnson, carbon tax, charter city, circular economy, clean water, colonial exploitation, coronavirus, COVID-19, decarbonisation, degrowth, Donald Trump, Dunbar number, European colonialism, failed state, gentrification, global pandemic, Global Witness, green new deal, Haber-Bosch Process, high-speed rail, housing crisis, ice-free Arctic, illegal immigration, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invention of agriculture, invention of the printing press, job automation, joint-stock company, Kim Stanley Robinson, labour mobility, load shedding, lockdown, low skilled workers, Mahatma Gandhi, Malacca Straits, mass immigration, mass incarceration, mega-rich, megacity, negative emissions, new economy, ocean acidification, old age dependency ratio, open borders, Patri Friedman, Peace of Westphalia, Pearl River Delta, Peter Thiel, place-making, planetary scale, plyscraper, polynesian navigation, quantitative easing, randomized controlled trial, rewilding, Rishi Sunak, sharing economy, Shenzhen special economic zone , Silicon Valley, special economic zone, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, undersea cable, urban planning, urban sprawl, white flight, women in the workforce, working-age population, zero-sum game, Zipcar

As an incentive, environmental services, such as maintaining waterways, planting biodiverse systems and protecting rare species should be remunerated. As it becomes impossible to farm, rural farmers need to be assisted to migrate to the city through social security policies that provide a basic income. India, for instance, supports people through the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), which guarantees people the ‘right to work’, with 100 days’ work at minimum wage. We will still need agricultural labour, of course, and many international migrants will have useful farming skills, but they won’t necessarily be applicable to the conditions and agriculture of their new home.

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Kung peoples; lack of water resources; low levels of migration to; migration from as relatively low; poor infrastructure and city planning; population rise in; rainfall due to Indian irrigation; remittances from urban migrants; and restoring of planet’s habitability; Transaqua Project of water diversion; transatlantic slave trade; transport infrastructure in; urbanization in African Union agoraphobia AI and drone technology aid, development/foreign air-conditioning/cooling airships or blimps Alaska algae Aliens Act (UK, 1905) Alps, European Amazon region Americas Anatolia Anchorage, Alaska Anderson, Benedict animals/wildlife; global dispersal of; impact of fires on; impact of ice loss on see also livestock farming Antarctica; ice sheet Anthropocene era; four horsemen of Aravena, Alejandro Archaeology architecture/buildings: Aravena’s ‘partial houses’; energy-efficiency retrofits; floating infrastructure; heat- and light-responsive materials; low-carbon concrete; prefabricated and modular housing; in successful migrant cities; wooden skyscrapers; zero-carbon new-builds Arctic region; first ice-free summer expected; opening up of due to climate change Argentina Arrhenius, Svante Asia: cities vulnerable to climate change; drought-hit areas; extreme La Niña events; extreme precipitation in monsoon regions; Ganges and Indus river basins; and heat ‘survivability threshold’; huge populations of South Asia; lack of water resources; rivers fed by glaciers; small hydropower installations; urbanization Aswan High Dam asylum-seekers: Australia’s dismal record on; Britain’s proud history on; dominant hostile narratives about; drownings in English Channel; limbo situation due to delayed claim-processing; misinformation about see also refugees Athens Australia: Black Summer (2019–20); energy-supply economy; impact of climate emergency; indigenous inhabitants; low population density in; migration to; and mineral extraction in Greenland; renewable power in; treatment of asylum-seekers; White Australia Policy aviation Aztecs Babylon bacteria, in food production bamboo Bangkok Bangladesh; ‘Bangla’ communities in London; Burmese Rohingya refugees; impact of climate emergency; migration across Indian border; population density in; relocation strategies; training for rural migrants Bantu people Barber, Benjamin Barcelona Beckett, Samuel Belarus Belgium Bergamo, Italy Bhutan Bijlmermeer (outside Amsterdam) biodiversity loss/ecosystem collapse; coral reefs as probably doomed; crash in insect and bird populations; depletion of fish stocks; due to agriculture; due to farming; four horsemen of the Anthropocene; and human behaviour; Key Biodiversity Areas; links with climate change; and marine heatwaves; and overuse of fertilizers; restoring of; species extinction; and urban adaptation strategies see also environmental sustainability bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) biotech industry birds black soldier flies black-footed ferrets BoKlok (IKEA spinoff) Bolivia Borneo Bosch, Carl Boston, Massachusetts Boulder, Colorado Brazil Brexit Brin, Sergey British Columbia Brown, Pat bureaucracy Burke, Marshall Burma business/private sector Cairo California; forest fires in Cambodia Cameroon Canaan Canada; and charter cities model; Climate Migrants and Refugee Project; economic benefits from global heating; expansion of agriculture in; first carbon-neutral building in; forest fires in; indigenous populations; infrastructure built on permafrost; regional relocation schemes Capa, Robert, capitalism Caplan, Bryan Caprera (Italian warship) carbon capture/storage; BECCS; ‘biochar’ use in soil; carbon capture and storage (CCS); direct capture from the air; by forests; in grasslands; Key Biodiversity Areas; in oceans; by peatlands; by phytoplankton; vegetation as vital carbon pricing/taxing carbon/carbon dioxide: amount in atmosphere now; Arrhenius’ work on; and biomatter decay in soil, ‘carbon quantitative easing’; continued emitting of; decarbonizing measures; effect on crop growth; emissions cut by building from wood; emissions from farming; emissions from human energy systems; emissions from urban buildings; geoengineering to remove; during last ice age; Miocene Era levels; new materials made from; ocean release of; released by wildfires; tree-planting as offsetting method; in tropical rainforests Carcassonne, France Card, David Cardiff Castro, Fidel Çatalhöyük, ancient city of Central African Republic Central America Chad ‘char people’ charcoal (‘biochar’) Chicago children: childcare costs; deaths of while seeking safety; ‘invisible’/living on the margins; left behind by migrant parents; and move to cities; numbers at extreme risk; in refugee camps; and sense of ‘belonging’ Chile China: adaptation for heavy rainfall events; Belt and Road Initiative; cities vulnerable to climate change; demography; desertification of farmland in north; economic domination of far east; emigrants and knowledge-flow; emissions as still rising in; extreme La Niña events; ‘green wall’ tree-planting projects; and heat ‘survivability threshold’; Hong Kong–Shenzhen–Guangzhou mega-region; hukou system; integrated soil-system management; internal migration in; migrant workers in Russia’s east; and mineral extraction; net zero commitment; small hydropower installations; South-to-North Water Diversion Project; ‘special economic zones’; Uyghur Muslim communities in; and water scarcity; ‘zhuan‘ documents Chinatowns Churchill (town in Manitoba) Churchill, Winston cities: adapting to net-zero carbon economy; city state model; coastal cities; as concentrated nodes of connectivity; ‘consumption cities’ in Africa; control of migration by; deadly urban heat; demand for cooling; devolving power to communities; in eighteenth/nineteenth-century Europe; entrenched assets; and extreme flood risk; flood defences; as focal points for trade networks; food production in; genetic impacts of; in high altitude locations; large megacities; merging into mega-regions; as particularly vulnerable to climate change; phased abandonment of; population densities in; private gardens in; relocation of; relocation strategies within; sprawling shanty towns in; strategies against impact of heat; zero-carbon new-builds see also migrant cities; migration, urban citizenship; patriotism of welcomed migrants; ‘UN/international passport’ idea Clemens, Michael climate change, historic: Cretaceous–Palaeogene meteorite impact event; in late-bronze-age Near East; and migration; in Miocene Era; and transition to farming climate change/emergency; 3–5° C as most likely scenario; as affecting all of Earth; cities as particularly vulnerable to; destruction of dam infrastructure; enlisting of military/security institutions against; every tenth of a degree matters; extreme weather events; global climate niches moving north; global water cycle as speeding up; greenhouse gas emissions as still growing; impact of cities; impact on lives as usually gradual; inertia of the Earth’s climate system; lethality by 2100; links with biodiversity loss; near-universal acceptance of as human made; net zero pledges; Paris Agreement (2015); path to 3–4° C-hotter world; situation as not hopeless; slow global response to; as threat multiplier; warming as mostly absorbed by oceans see also biodiversity loss/ecosystem collapse; drought; fires; floods; heat climate models: future emissions scenarios; heating predictions; impact of 4° C-hotter world; IPCC ‘Representative Concentration Pathways’ (RCPs); optimum climate for human productivity; threshold for mass migrations coastal areas: coastal cities; migration from; retreating coastlines; seawater desalination plants cochineal scale insect Colombia colonialism, European Colorado Columbia Concretene construction industry copper coral reefs Cornwall Costa Rica cotton Covid-19 pandemic; cooperation during cross-laminated timber (CLT) Crusaders Cruz, Abel Cuba cultural institutions/practices: cultural losses over time; diversity as improving innovation; migration of; in well-planned migrant cities cyclones Cyprus Czech workers in Germany Dar es Salaam Death Valley Delhi Democratic Republic of Congo demographic changes/information: and decline of nationality viewed in racial terms; depopulation crisis; elderly populations in global north; GenZ; global climate niches moving north; global population patterns; global population rise; ‘household formation’; huge variation in global fertility rates; migrants as percentage of global population; population fall due to urban migration; population-peak projection; post-war baby boom; and transition to farming Denmark Denver, Colorado desert conditions Dhaka Dharavi (slum in Mumbai) diet and nutrition: edible seeds of sea grasses; genetically engineered microbes; global disparities in access to nutrition; and Haber–Bosch process; insects as source of protein and fats; loss of nutrition due to heat stress of crops; move to plant-based diet; vitamin D sources; zinc and protein deficiencies dinosaurs direct air capture (DAC) disease; waterborne Doha Domesday Book (1086) Driscolls (Californian berry grower) drone technology drought; as affecting the most people; in Amazon region; impact on farming; in late-bronze-age Near East; and rivers fed by glaciers; and sulphate cooling Dubai Duluth, Minnesota Dunbar, Robin economies; Chinese domination of far east; economic growth; forced move towards a circular economy; GDP per capita measure; Global Compact for Migration; global productivity losses due to heat; immigrant-founded companies; and influx of low-skilled migrant workers; migration as benefitting; mining opportunities exposed by ice retreat; and nation state model; need to open world’s borders; new mineral deposits in northern latitudes; northern nations benefitting from global heating; ‘special economic zone’ concept; taxing of robots see also employment/labour markets; green economy; political and socioeconomic systems; trade and commerce education: availability to migrants; as key to growth; and remittances from urban migrants; systems improved by migration Egypt; Ancient electricity: current clean generation as not sufficient; decarbonizing of production; electric vehicles; grid systems; hydroelectric plants; and net zero world; renewable production Elwartowski, Chad employment/labour markets: amnesties of ‘illegal’ migrants; and arguments against migration; and automation; controlled by city authorities; and global labour mobility; and the green economy; impact of heat on jobs; indentured positions; and influx of low-skilled migrant workers; jobs in growth industries; jobs restoring diversity; jobs that natives don’t want to do; mechanization/automation slowed down by migrant workers; migrants bring greater diversity to; need for Nansen-style scheme; occupational upgrading of locals due to immigration; refugees barred from working; role of business in migrant integration; rural workers moving to cities; skilled migrants; support/access for migrants; Trump’s work visa restrictions; ‘urban visas’ in USA; workforce shortages in global north energy systems: access to in global south; air-conditioning/cooling demand; and carbon capture; ‘closed-loop’ radiator construction; decarbonizing of; and economic growth; geothermal production; global energy use as increasing; new dam-construction boom in south; nuclear power; oceans as source; poor grid infrastructure in global south; power outages; power sharing as not equitable; reducing growth in demand; replacement of inefficient heating/cooling systems; transmission/transport see also electricity English Channel Environmental Protection Agency, US environmental sustainability: decarbonizing measures; decoupling of GDP from carbon emissions; and economic growth; heat- and light-responsive materials; low-energy plastic recycling methods; and migrant cities; need for open mind in planning for; phytoplankton as hugely important; replacement of inefficient heating/cooling systems; zero-carbon new-builds see also biodiversity loss/ecosystem collapse environmentalists; negative growth advocates; opponents of geoengineering equatorial belt Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europe: 2003 heatwave; depopulation crisis; eighteenth/nineteenth-century shanty towns; impact of climate emergency; medieval barriers to movement; Mediterranean climate moving north; migrant indentured labour in; migration of women working in domestic service; small hydropower installations; three mass migrations in Stone and Bronze Ages European Union: free movement within; fund for aid to Africa; Green New Deal; no ‘asylum crisis’ within; nuclear power in; open-border policy for refugees from Ukraine; as popular migrant destination; seeks quota system for refugees; as successful example of regional union; war against migrants Fairbourne (Welsh village) farming: in abandoned areas in south; in Africa; ancient transition to; bad harvests as more frequent; barns/storehouses; benefits of warming in Nordic nations; biodiversity loss due to; cereal crops; closing the yield gap; early nineteenth century expansion of; ever-decreasing, sub-divided plots of land; expanded growing seasons; fertile land exposed by ice retreat; genetic research to produce new crops; genetically modified crop varieties; global disparities in food production; Green Revolution; greenhouse gas emissions from; in Greenland; Haber–Bosch process; heat-tolerant and drought-resistant crops; high-yielding wheat and rice variants; impact of climate emergency; indoor industrial systems; modern improvement in yields; nutrient and drip-irrigation systems; pre-twentieth-century methods; relying on new forms of; Russian dominance; salt-tolerant rice; smallholder; and solar geoengineering; solar-powered closed-cycle; urban vertical farms; use of silicates; and water scarcity; wildflower strips in fields see also livestock farming Fiji Fires fish populations: artisanal fishers; boost of in Arctic region; and decommissioned offshore oilrigs; fish farming; future pricing of fish products; as under huge pressure; insects as farmed-fish feed; land-based fish-farming Five Points slum, New York floods; flash floods; low-lying islands and atolls; sea walls/coastal defences; three main causes; in urban areas; water-management infrastructure Florida food: algal mats; carbon-pricing of meat; impact of soaring global prices; insect farming; kelp forest plantations; lab-grown meats; meat substitutes; for migrant city dwellers; move to plant-based diet; need for bigger sources of in global north; need to cut waste; photosynthesizing marine plants and algae; plant-based dairy products; reduced supplies due to temperature rises; refrigerated storage; replication of Maillard chemical reaction; sourced from the oceans see also diet and nutrition; farming; livestock farming food security Ford, Henry forests: advance north of in Nordic nations; deforestation; impact of climate emergency; ‘negative emissions activity’; replanting of; Siberian taiga forest fossil fuels; carbon capture and storage (CCS); as embedded in human systems France Fraser, Sean freedom of movement French Polynesia Friedman, Patri Gargano, Gabriele gas industry Gates, Bill gender: heat related inequalities; physical/sexual danger for female migrants; women in domestic service in Europe; women rejoining workforce genetic modification genetics, population Genghis Khan geoengineering; artificial sill proposals; cloud-brightening idea; as controversial/taboo; and ideal temperature question; possible unwanted effects; proposals for dealing with ice melt; to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide; solar radiation reduction tools; sulphate cooling concept; thin-film technology; tools to reflect the sun’s heat away from Earth geology GERD dam, Ethiopia Germany; Syrian refugee resettlement in Ghana Glasgow climate meeting (2021) Global Parliament of Mayors global south; benefit of solar cooling idea; capital costs of deploying new renewables; cutting of food waste in; future repopulation of abandoned regions; global income gap as rising; little suitable landmass for climate-driven migration; migration to higher elevations with water; need for improved infrastructure; need for sustainable economic growth; new dam-construction boom in; new domestic sources of energy; population rise in; remittances from urban migrants; resource extraction by rich countries; and vested interests in the rich world see also Africa; Asia; Latin America and entries for individual nations golf courses Gore, Al, An Inconvenient Truth (2006) Gothenburg Grand Inga hydroelectric dam project (Congo River) Granville, Earl grasslands Great Barrier Reef Great Lakes region, North America Greece; Ancient green economy; and building of fair societies; Green New Deals; migration as vital to; multiple benefits of see also environmental sustainability; renewable power production; restoring our planet’s habitability greenhouse gas emissions; charging land owners for; in cities; emitters trying to avoid/delay decarbonization; from farming; national emissions-reductions pledges; underreporting of; unfair global impact of see also carbon/carbon dioxide Greenland; ice sheet; potato farming in Gulf states Haber, Fritz Hangzhou Hawaii health: climate change as threat multiplier; dementia care; diseases of poor sanitation; healthcare in successful migrant cities; heat related inequalities; lethality of extreme heat; and life in cities; mental illness and migration; migration as benefitting social care systems; pathogens in frozen tundras; rural living as single largest killer today; and smoke pollution heat: 35°C wet bulb threshold crossed; climate model predictions; cloud and water vapour feedbacks; combined with humidity; and demand for cooling; extreme hotspots; global productivity/work hour losses; impact of 4° C-hotter world; impact on farming/food supplies; infrastructure problems due to; lethality by 2100; lethality of extreme temperatures; Paris pledge of below 2°C; solar radiation reduction tools; subtropical climate spreading into higher latitudes; temperatures above 50°C; threshold for mass migrations; ‘threshold of survivability’; urban adaptation strategies; urban heat island effect; ‘wet bulb’ temperature calculations Held, David Hernando, Antonia HIV Höfn, southeastern Iceland Holocene epoch Honduras Hong Kong horses, domestication of housing: Aravena’s ‘partial houses’; controlled by city authorities; equitable access to; floating infrastructure; in flood-affected areas; and heat related inequalities; and migrants; planning and zoning laws; policies to prevent segregation; prefabricated and modular; twentieth-century social programmes see also slum dwellers Hudson Bay Huguenot immigrants human rights, universal Hungary hunter-gatherers hurricanes hydrogen ice age, last ice loss; as accelerating at record rate; in Antarctica; in Arctic region; artificial reflective snow idea; artificial sill proposals; and flash floods; loss of glaciers; permafrost thaw; reflective fleece blankets idea; retreat of ice sheets; rising of land due to glaciers melting; tipping points for ice-free world Iceland ICON, construction company identity: accentuation of small differences; and ancient transition to farming; borders as ‘othering’ structures; language as tool of self-construction; mistrust of outsiders; pan-species; sense of ‘belonging’; social norms of ‘tribe’; social psychology; stories crafting group identity see also national identity immigration policies: bilateral or regional arrangements; deliberately prejudicial policy; development of since later nineteenth-century; and harnessing migrant potential; immigrant inclusion programmes; immigration lottery schemes; move needed from control to managing,; points-based entrance systems; poorly designed; quota systems; responses to terrorist incidents; restrictions as for people not stuff; restrictive border legislation; Spain’s successful policy Impossible Foods India; crop irrigation in; emigrants and knowledge-flow; emissions as still rising in; falling fertility rate in; Ganges Valley; and heat ‘survivability threshold’; impact of climate emergency; internal migration in; lime-washing of roofs in; Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA); National River Linking Project; population density in; young population in indigenous communities Indo-European language Indonesia industrial revolution inequality and poverty: and access to reliable energy; benefit of solar cooling to south; climate change as threat multiplier; climate migration and social justice; and demand for cooling; despair and anger of ‘left behind’ natives; and environmental destruction; and European colonialism; as failure of social/economic policy; and geoengineered cooling; global disparities in access to nutrition; and global food prices; global income gap as rising; heat related; and impact of flooding; increased by ancient transition to farming; as matter of geographical chance; migration as best route out of; and modern farming; and national pride; need for redistributive policies; the poor trapped in vulnerable cities; and post-war institutions; rural living as single largest killer today; slow global response to crisis of; superrich and private jets; tribalism as not inevitable; and vested interests in the rich world insects; collapsing populations; farming of; as human food source insulation insurance, availability of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) International Labour Organization Iquique (Chile) Ireland iron, powdered Islam islands, small/low-lying Israel Italy Ithaca, city of (New York) Jakarta Japan Jobs, Steve Johnson, Boris Jordan kelp Kenya Khan, Sadiq Khoisan Bushmen Kimmel, Mara King, Sir David Kiribati knowledge and skills: better environment for in rich countries; ‘brain drain’ issue; channelled through migrant networks; diversity as improving innovation; global knowledge transfer; Global Skill Partnerships model; impact of European colonialism; migrants returning to origin countries; and Nansen-style schemes; need for rapid transference of; and points-based entrance systems Kodiak Island, Alaska krill Kuba Kingdom, West Africa !

Ethics of Big Data: Balancing Risk and Innovation by Kord Davis, Doug Patterson

4chan, business process, corporate social responsibility, crowdsourcing, data science, en.wikipedia.org, longitudinal study, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, Netflix Prize, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, performance metric, Robert Bork, side project, smart grid, urban planning

The telegraph was instrumental enough in how wartime communication took place; what if Lincoln or Churchill and Roosevelt had instant messaging? The Occupy movement has benefited enormously from being able to coordinate action and communicate its message on the backs of big-data systems. And, at both ends of the spectrum, imagine a data breach at Facebook: what would Hitler have done with that information? How would Mahatma Gandhi have utilized that kind of information about so many people? And because of the sheer velocity, volume, and variety of big data, as it evolves, it is introducing ethical challenges in places and ways we’ve never encountered before. To meet those challenges in those new and unexpected ways, we simply must learn to engage in explicit ethical discussion in new and unexpected environments—not only to protect ourselves from the risk of unintended consequences, but because there are legitimate and immediate benefits.

The Portable Atheist: Essential Readings for the Nonbeliever by Christopher Hitchens

Albert Einstein, Alfred Russel Wallace, anthropic principle, Ayatollah Khomeini, Boeing 747, cognitive bias, cognitive dissonance, cosmic microwave background, cuban missile crisis, David Attenborough, Edmond Halley, Georg Cantor, germ theory of disease, index card, Isaac Newton, liberation theology, Mahatma Gandhi, phenotype, Plato's cave, risk tolerance, stem cell, Stephen Hawking, Thales of Miletus, Timothy McVeigh, traveling salesman, trickle-down economics

Apparently, however, Providence gave up all hope of curing Boston of its wickedness, for, though lightning rods became more and more common, earthquakes in Massachusetts have remained rare. Nevertheless, Dr. Price’s point of view, or something very like it, is still held by one of the most influential of living men. When, at one time, there were several bad earthquakes in India, Mahatma Gandhi solemnly warned his compatriots that these disasters had been sent as a punishment for their sins. Even in my own native island this point of view still exists. During the last war, the British Government did much to stimulate the production of food at home. In 1916, when things were not going well, a Scottish clergyman wrote to the newspapers to say that military failure was due to the fact that, with government sanction, potatoes had been planted on the Sabbath.

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I notice that respectable people, who would not call on anybody who lives in open sin, are quite willing to call on people who have had only a civil marriage; so apparently God does see registry offices. Some eminent men think even the doctrine of the Catholic Church deplorably lax where sex is concerned. Tolstoy and Mahatma Gandhi, in their old age, laid it down that all sexual intercourse is wicked, even in marriage and with a view to offspring. The Manicheans thought likewise, relying upon men’s native sinfulness to supply them with a continually fresh crop of disciples. This doctrine, however, is heretical, though it is equally heretical to maintain that marriage is as praiseworthy as celibacy.

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For those who have enough psychological imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias. This has one advantage, and only one, as compared with actual conversation with opponents; this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time or space. Mahatma Gandhi deplores railways and steamboats and machinery; he would like to undo the whole of the industrial revolution. You may never have an opportunity of actually meeting any one who holds this opinion, because in Western countries most people take the advantage of modern technique for granted. But if you want to make sure that you are right in agreeing with the prevailing opinion, you will find it a good plan to test the arguments that occur to you by considering what Gandhi might say in refutation of them.

The Relentless Revolution: A History of Capitalism by Joyce Appleby

1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, agricultural Revolution, Alan Greenspan, An Inconvenient Truth, anti-communist, Asian financial crisis, asset-backed security, Bartolomé de las Casas, Bear Stearns, Bernie Madoff, Bretton Woods, BRICs, British Empire, call centre, Charles Lindbergh, classic study, collateralized debt obligation, collective bargaining, Columbian Exchange, commoditize, Cornelius Vanderbilt, corporate governance, cotton gin, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, deskilling, Doha Development Round, double entry bookkeeping, epigenetics, equal pay for equal work, European colonialism, facts on the ground, failed state, Firefox, fixed income, Ford Model T, Ford paid five dollars a day, Francisco Pizarro, Frederick Winslow Taylor, full employment, General Magic , Glass-Steagall Act, Gordon Gekko, Great Leap Forward, Henry Ford's grandson gave labor union leader Walter Reuther a tour of the company’s new, automated factory…, Hernando de Soto, hiring and firing, Ida Tarbell, illegal immigration, informal economy, interchangeable parts, interest rate swap, invention of movable type, invention of the printing press, invention of the steam engine, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, James Hargreaves, James Watt: steam engine, Jeff Bezos, John Bogle, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, junk bonds, knowledge economy, land bank, land reform, Livingstone, I presume, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Wolf, military-industrial complex, moral hazard, Nixon triggered the end of the Bretton Woods system, PalmPilot, Parag Khanna, pneumatic tube, Ponzi scheme, profit maximization, profit motive, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, refrigerator car, Ronald Reagan, scientific management, Scramble for Africa, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, South China Sea, South Sea Bubble, special economic zone, spice trade, spinning jenny, strikebreaker, Suez canal 1869, the built environment, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, Thorstein Veblen, total factor productivity, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, transcontinental railway, two and twenty, union organizing, Unsafe at Any Speed, Upton Sinclair, urban renewal, vertical integration, War on Poverty, working poor, Works Progress Administration, Yogi Berra, Yom Kippur War

Unlike the Brahmins of old who went to Oxford and adopted English tastes, Ambani prefers to speak his native tongue at home, loves the kind of Indian food that is sold on streetside carts, and relaxes with two or three Bollywood films a week.44 Offering an entrepreneurial speedup to the sluggish pace of social reform in India, Ambani embodies the spirit of the New India, its back firmly turned against its socialist past. Mahatma Gandhi and Mao Zedong—Two Men Cast Long Shadows over China and India Because capitalism impinges so closely upon attitudes, values, habits—the stuff of culture—it is worthwhile comparing China and India in yet one more way. Both countries found their venerable traditions challenged by a charismatic leader in the late 1940s. Perhaps some of their responses to capitalism can be traced back to the impact of those two giants, Mahatma Gandhi and Mao Zedong. Gandhi headed the movement for India independence from Great Britain from 1913 to 1948, when a Hindu extremist assassinated him six months after India had reacquired its autonomy.

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A gifted mathematician, Naoroji developed statistics to prove his case, estimating that England was taking 200 million pounds sterling from India, where per capita income, measured in rupees, was 20, compared with 450 in Great Britain. The British reaction was to form a commission to study the issue, a classic delaying tactic. In 1885 Naoroji participated in the formation of the Indian National Congress. He also became the mentor of a young admirer named Mahatma Gandhi. At first working within the British system for reforms, the INC later led the anticolonial movement that achieved independence in 1947.34 From the perspective of capitalism’s history, India’s critics are significant for two reasons. They astutely perceived that British officials treated economics as though it were a natural system like physics instead of a social system created by human beings for their purposes.

You Are What You Speak: Grammar Grouches, Language Laws, and the Politics of Identity by Robert Lane Greene

anti-communist, British Empire, centre right, discovery of DNA, European colonialism, facts on the ground, Great Leap Forward, haute couture, illegal immigration, machine translation, Mahatma Gandhi, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, Parag Khanna, Ronald Reagan, Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, Steven Pinker, Yogi Berra, zero-sum game

Elsewhere, it may have even toppled at least one regime. South Africa’s Constitutional Court, in Pretoria, abounds in symbolism. In an unhappier, earlier era, it was a detention facility. It has the distinction of holding, at different times, two of the world’s most famously righteous freedom fighters: Mahatma Gandhi was held there by British authorities in the early twentieth century, and Nelson Mandela would be locked up there half a century later. Today, South Africa’s Constitutional Court is a symbol of reconciliation and justice. Some of the old brickwork has been kept as a reminder of what the building once was.

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In freeing their country, India’s independence leaders knew that they would also have to hold it together. The Congress Party’s leaders did not worry overmuch about language. They assumed that India’s biggest language, which they called “Hindustani,” would unite the free India they sought. These leaders included Mahatma Gandhi, a Gujarati-speaker who spoke Hindustani haltingly; Jawaharlal Nehru, who was descended from Kashmiris and spoke English best; and even the southern Tamil figure C.R. Rajagopalachari, who spoke no Hindustani at all. (Tamil is a Dravidian language, totally unrelated to the northern Indian languages, including Hindustani.)

The Last Kings of Shanghai: The Rival Jewish Dynasties That Helped Create Modern China by Jonathan Kaufman

anti-communist, Berlin Wall, British Empire, Charles Lindbergh, colonial rule, company town, cotton gin, Deng Xiaoping, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Ford Model T, gentleman farmer, Great Leap Forward, Honoré de Balzac, indoor plumbing, joint-stock company, life extension, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, Mikhail Gorbachev, old-boy network, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, plutocrats, rent control, Steve Jobs, trade route

Sassoon & Co. had boomed during the war, supplying cotton to the British army for uniforms and trading actively with China, India, and England. The end of the war meant slowing demand for Indian cotton in England. That was compounded by growing unrest among Indian workers, who were rallying around Mahatma Gandhi and his calls for self-rule. His symbol was Indian homespun cloth, which undercut the textile industry in which the Sassoons made much of their money now that the opium trade was illegal. Workers in India were demanding higher wages. Gandhi began launching boycotts against British goods. In China, Japan was starting to build factories of its own and flooding the Chinese market.

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“I don’t pretend to know anything about debating, as until I went to Delhi the only debate I had even listened to [was at university] and I have never set foot in the House of Commons,” he wrote to a friend. But with a few exceptions, he felt there was no one in the British colonial government he couldn’t outargue. Victor saw multiple threats looming on India’s political horizon: Mahatma Gandhi, socialism, Indian independence. In 1922 the handsome Prince of Wales—later to become King Edward VIII—visited New Delhi. Victor greeted him as he disembarked, along with other leaders. Gandhi’s supporters quickly organized riots and strikes to wreck the royal goodwill tour. Winston Churchill, a rising politician in London, dismissed Gandhi and his spreading campaign of civil disobedience as the “alarming and nauseating” efforts of a “seditious fakir . . . striding half-naked up the steps of the vice regal palace.”

Yoga Nidra Scripts 2: More Meditations for Effortless Relaxation, Rejuvenation and Reconnection by Tamara Verma

centre right, Mahatma Gandhi

Suggested Pre- and Post-Practices: Begin with a relaxed asana or movement practice that loosens up the joints and major muscles. Begin with a few minutes of holding Abhaya Mudra for courage and openness to shift into a new reality. Combine with chanting of Om. Set the tone by beginning with the inspiring words of Mahatma Gandhi: “ Each night, when I go to sleep, I die. And the next morning, when I wake up, I am reborn.” At any moment, we have the opportunity to start fresh. Finish with Breath of Joy pranayama and self-massage on the shoulders, back of the neck, scalp, arms, legs and soles of the feet. Settling Finding a comfortable place to lie down, or sit up, supported.

Antonio-s-Gun-and-Delfino-s-Dream-True-Tales-of-Mexican-Migration by Unknown

Berlin Wall, centre right, Fall of the Berlin Wall, fear of failure, ghettoisation, illegal immigration, In Cold Blood by Truman Capote, low skilled workers, Mahatma Gandhi, trade route

His mother was supposed to have cared for comedian Richard Pryor after Pryor lighted himself on fire smoking cocaine. Robles’s father was supposed to have once been a Roman Catholic priest, leaving the priesthood to marry Robles’s mother. His father had an affinity for great philosophers. Robles’s brother was an ex-convict named Mahatma Gandhi Robles. What was undeniable was that by , Albert had assembled an impressive array of enemies: city unions and business owners, white seniors, and a good many Latino politicians; and soon, the editorial board of every newspaper in the area. Pastors at South Gate churches usually avoided politics.

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Nevertheless, in filing to run for office, she had listed a South Gate apartment complex as her address. Apartment residents told visitors that she didn’t live there. “How people do ask about her,” said a woman who lived in the South Gate apartment Benavides claimed to occupy. Benavides was registered to vote at that address, but then so had Robles’s brother, Mahatma Gandhi Robles, and there was no evidence he lived there, either. Within two days of reporters inquiring about Benavides at the address, a white mailbox on a post was installed in fresh concrete by the side of the house with “Benavides” emblazoned on it in black letters for all to see. Curiously, too, Benavides seemed incapable of speaking in public.

Half the Sky: Turning Oppression Into Opportunity for Women Worldwide by Nicholas D. Kristof, Sheryl Wudunn

agricultural Revolution, correlation does not imply causation, demographic dividend, feminist movement, Flynn Effect, illegal immigration, Mahatma Gandhi, microcredit, paper trading, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, school choice, Shenzhen special economic zone , special economic zone, transatlantic slave trade, women in the workforce

The United Nations and the aid bureaucracies have undertaken a relentless search for technical solutions—including improved vaccines and new processes for boring wells—and those are important. But progress also depends on political and cultural remedies, and, frankly, on charisma. Often the key is a person with a knack for leadership: Martin Luther King Jr. in the United States, Mahatma Gandhi in India, and William Wilberforce in Britain. It’s important to invest in these emerging leaders as well as in processes, and aid organizations have largely missed the boat that Drayton launched with Ashoka. “It does seem to be a major blind spot in development and government efforts,” notes David Bornstein, who wrote an excellent book about social entrepreneurs called How to Change the World.

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Examples include the eradication of smallpox, vaccination campaigns, and battles against river blindness and guinea worm disease. They are exceptional because they depend on research, materials, and knowledge that do not exist at the grassroots. CHAPTER FOURTEEN What You Can Do You must be the change you wish to see in the world. —MAHATMA GANDHI Americans knew for decades about the unfairness of segregation. But racial discrimination seemed a complex problem deeply rooted in the South’s history and culture, and most good-hearted people didn’t see what they could do about such injustices. Then along came Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. and the Freedom Riders, along with eye-opening books like John Howard Griffin’s Black Like Me.

What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry by John Markoff

Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic, Apple II, back-to-the-land, beat the dealer, Bill Duvall, Bill Gates: Altair 8800, Buckminster Fuller, California gold rush, card file, computer age, Computer Lib, computer vision, conceptual framework, cuban missile crisis, different worldview, digital divide, Donald Knuth, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Dynabook, Edward Thorp, El Camino Real, Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Fairchild Semiconductor, General Magic , general-purpose programming language, Golden Gate Park, Hacker Ethic, Hans Moravec, hypertext link, informal economy, information retrieval, invention of the printing press, Ivan Sutherland, Jeff Rulifson, John Markoff, John Nash: game theory, John von Neumann, Kevin Kelly, knowledge worker, Lewis Mumford, Mahatma Gandhi, Menlo Park, military-industrial complex, Mother of all demos, Norbert Wiener, packet switching, Paul Terrell, popular electronics, punch-card reader, QWERTY keyboard, RAND corporation, RFC: Request For Comment, Richard Stallman, Robert X Cringely, Sand Hill Road, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, South of Market, San Francisco, speech recognition, Steve Crocker, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, technological determinism, Ted Nelson, The Hackers Conference, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thorstein Veblen, Turing test, union organizing, Vannevar Bush, We are as Gods, Whole Earth Catalog, William Shockley: the traitorous eight

Without power, he drifted for more than a day until a sport fisherman spotted him and hauled him back to shore. Yet as unsuccessful as his Cuban journey may have been, Fred Moore was destined to have a dramatic impact on the world. Intent on bringing about change simply by putting his body on the line, in the mold of Mahatma Gandhi, Moore ultimately was to alter both the world’s politics and technology. A year after his Cuban misadventure, Fred Moore came to Berkeley to study science. He had an obvious talent for math and engineering, interests that had been sparked in part by frequent weekend visits to the home of a maiden aunt, who always gave him a mental puzzle to work at.

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During Tesler’s first year on campus, Ira Sandperl, the local pacifist and former Stanford student who worked at Kepler’s bookstore, came to campus to speak, accompanied by folksinger Joan Baez. Of course everyone wanted to see and hear Baez, a phenomenon at the time. Sandperl discussed at length the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi, especially nonviolent resistance. The ideas resonated with Tesler but had little direct impact immediately. After he graduated, Vietnam and the Free University began to have an effect on his thinking. He had married after leaving Stanford and initially focused on his career and family. One of his partners in his small programming consulting business was a former Stanford student who was far more radical than Tesler and who urged him to get more involved in protesting the war.

We Are All Fast-Food Workers Now: The Global Uprising Against Poverty Wages by Annelise Orleck

"World Economic Forum" Davos, airport security, American Legislative Exchange Council, anti-communist, Bernie Sanders, big-box store, Black Lives Matter, British Empire, call centre, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, card file, clean water, collective bargaining, corporate social responsibility, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, Donald Trump, export processing zone, Ferguson, Missouri, financial deregulation, food desert, Food sovereignty, gentrification, gig economy, global supply chain, global value chain, immigration reform, independent contractor, indoor plumbing, Jeremy Corbyn, Kickstarter, land reform, land tenure, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, McJob, means of production, new economy, payday loans, precariat, race to the bottom, Rana Plaza, rent-seeking, ride hailing / ride sharing, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, shareholder value, Shenzhen special economic zone , Skype, special economic zone, Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, union organizing, War on Poverty, women in the workforce, working poor

If the hunger strikers died before winning their due, the person at whose door the fast took place was dishonored before the community. Walmart workers’ fasts at the homes of Walton family members and CEOs fit that ancient frame. Women used hunger strikes in early twentieth-century Britain and the United States to demand the right to vote. Mahatma Gandhi completed seventeen fasts during the Indian independence struggle. Irish Republican Army activists launched prison fasts in the 1970s and early 1980s. (IRA leader Bobby Sands starved himself to death in 1981.) Since 2000, detainees at Guantanamo have gone on hunger strikes to protest violations of their human rights, as have Palestinian prisoners in Israel and women detainees at immigration prisons in Arizona and Texas.16 Maria Elena Durazo and UNITE HERE have long mounted hunger strikes.

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So, she and sixteen colleagues went on hunger strike. They pitched tents outside the Palace Station, where they sat in 100-degree desert heat. For a week, they consumed only water as they explained to passing tourists why they were fasting. The press described the protesters as a cross between Occupy Wall Street, Cesar Chavez, and Mahatma Gandhi. Casino managers called the hunger strikers union terrorists. Not until March 2017, after numerous protests and an NLRB suit, did the Station Casinos agree to let their workers unionize. In March 2017, Norma Flores signed her first union contract.19 One month later, amid festivities for accepted students, Yale University graduate research and teaching assistants began a hunger strike in front of the office of university president Peter Salovey.

The Future of Money by Bernard Lietaer

agricultural Revolution, Alan Greenspan, Alvin Toffler, banks create money, barriers to entry, billion-dollar mistake, Bretton Woods, business cycle, clean water, complexity theory, corporate raider, currency risk, dematerialisation, discounted cash flows, diversification, fiat currency, financial deregulation, financial innovation, floating exchange rates, full employment, geopolitical risk, George Gilder, German hyperinflation, global reserve currency, Golden Gate Park, Howard Rheingold, informal economy, invention of the telephone, invention of writing, John Perry Barlow, Lao Tzu, Lewis Mumford, low interest rates, Mahatma Gandhi, means of production, microcredit, Money creation, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, Norbert Wiener, North Sea oil, offshore financial centre, pattern recognition, post-industrial society, price stability, Recombinant DNA, reserve currency, risk free rate, Ronald Reagan, San Francisco homelessness, seigniorage, Silicon Valley, South Sea Bubble, The Future of Employment, the market place, the payments system, Thomas Davenport, trade route, transaction costs, trickle-down economics, two and twenty, working poor, world market for maybe five computers

Radical behavioural and attitudinal changes are explored too, but it turns out that these alone are not enough either - there is still a crash in the mid twenty-first century. It is only when both these kinds of changes are applied together that a crash is avoided. It is precisely such a combination, which is in fact already happening today. 1. The Value Shift Wave 'First they ignore you; Then they ridicule you; Then they attack you; Then you win.' Mahatma Gandhi The most detailed data set about changes in values over the past 20 years relates to the US. But there are preliminary indications that this process is in fact going on in the entire Western world, and possibly even globally. Paul Ray has carried out the largest up-to-date surveys of the changes in values over the past 20 years.

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Just remember that we are doing: the choosing for your children, for your children's children, and for a significant part of the biosphere as well. Epilogue 'The great challenge of the Modem Age is not to remake our world. but to remake ourselves. Be the change you wish to see for the world' - Mahatma Gandhi 'A problem cannot be solved with the same type of thinking that created it.' - Albert Einstien 'We don’t see things as they are. We see them as we are.' – Anais Nin Humanity and Planet Earth are at a cross-roads. The next 20 years will either see an irretrievable loss of biodiversity and a deterioration of the quality of life for vast numbers of people, or we will have moved up the next evolutionary step.

Conscious Capitalism, With a New Preface by the Authors: Liberating the Heroic Spirit of Business by John Mackey, Rajendra Sisodia, Bill George

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, Abraham Maslow, Bear Stearns, benefit corporation, Berlin Wall, Buckminster Fuller, business process, carbon footprint, collective bargaining, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, crony capitalism, cross-subsidies, do well by doing good, en.wikipedia.org, Everything should be made as simple as possible, Fall of the Berlin Wall, fear of failure, Flynn Effect, income per capita, invisible hand, Jeff Bezos, job satisfaction, John Elkington, lone genius, low interest rates, Mahatma Gandhi, microcredit, Nelson Mandela, Occupy movement, profit maximization, Ralph Waldo Emerson, shareholder value, six sigma, social intelligence, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, systems thinking, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, too big to fail, union organizing, wealth creators, women in the workforce, zero-sum game

Such conscious leaders are primarily motivated by service to the purpose of the business and its stakeholders, and not by the pursuit of power or personal enrichment. They develop and inspire, mentor and motivate, and lead by example. Rather than militaristic or mercenary, they are missionary leaders. They embody Mahatma Gandhi’s dictum “We must be the change we wish to see in the world.” Conscious leaders are strong individuals who possess exceptional moral courage and are able to withstand constant scrutiny and criticism from those who view business in a more traditional, narrow manner. Above all, conscious leaders view themselves as trustees of the business, seeking to nurture and safeguard it for future generations, not to exploit it for the short-term gains of themselves or current stakeholders.

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Leaders are the high-level architects, builders, and remodelers of the system, while managers ensure that the system works smoothly and take corrective actions when it doesn’t. Leaders have an inherent systemic sensitivity that enables them to understand both how a group of people will behave as a system and how to change the system in order to change its behavior. Mahatma Gandhi’s approach to nonviolence was once challenged by a history professor, who cited his “knowledge of history” to argue that Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence would never work. Gandhi replied, “Sir, your job is to teach history while mine is to create it.”4 Managers do not make history; conscious leaders do.

Small Change: Why Business Won't Save the World by Michael Edwards

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", Bernie Madoff, clean water, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, different worldview, high net worth, invisible hand, knowledge economy, Larry Ellison, light touch regulation, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Shuttleworth, market bubble, microcredit, Nelson Mandela, New Journalism, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), Ponzi scheme, profit motive, public intellectual, Robert Shiller, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, subprime mortgage crisis, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, transaction costs

Within this broad coalition, social entrepreneurs are people “who work in an entrepreneurial manner, but for public or social benefit, rather than to make money.”2 They are “transformative forces who will not take ‘no’ for an answer” in their efforts to solve large-scale social problems. In his book How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas, David Bornstein includes Florence Nightingale, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and even St. Francis of Assisi, as well as people who have become standard-bearers for this new movement, such as Mohammad Yunus of the Grameen Bank and Bill Drayton of Ashoka.3 What St. Francis would have thought about this designation is another matter, though someone who made a virtue out of humility hardly seems like a natural candidate.

Keep It Real: Everything You Need to Know About Researching and Writing Creative Nonfiction by Lee Gutkind

David Sedaris, In Cold Blood by Truman Capote, index card, Joan Didion, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Mahatma Gandhi, New Journalism, Norman Mailer, Ronald Reagan, The Soul of a New Machine

To trace the arc of memoir through the centuries, from St. Augustine to Mary Karr, would require a book-length manuscript. Memoirists have typically been heavy hitters: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Virginia Woolf, Henry David Thoreau, Walt Whitman, E. B. White, Gertrude Stein, Ulysses S. Grant, Mahatma Gandhi, Bill Clinton, Gore Vidal, George Orwell, Leon Trotsky, Benjamin Franklin, Mark Twain, Maya Angelou, Frederick Douglass, Black Elk, Helen Keller, Carl Jung, Jean-Paul Sartre, and on and on. But look beyond the list of notables, and you’ll find a genre that practically guarantees a populist platform.

Beyond Outrage: Expanded Edition: What Has Gone Wrong With Our Economy and Our Democracy, and How to Fix It by Robert B. Reich

2013 Report for America's Infrastructure - American Society of Civil Engineers - 19 March 2013, affirmative action, Alan Greenspan, banking crisis, benefit corporation, business cycle, carried interest, collateralized debt obligation, collective bargaining, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, desegregation, electricity market, Ford Model T, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, Home mortgage interest deduction, job automation, low interest rates, Mahatma Gandhi, minimum wage unemployment, money market fund, Nelson Mandela, new economy, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, race to the bottom, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, single-payer health, special drawing rights, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tim Cook: Apple, too big to fail, trickle-down economics, women in the workforce, working poor, zero-sum game

In 1966, Huerta negotiated a contract between the farmworkers and the Schenley Wine Company; it was the first time farmworkers effectively negotiated a contract to improve their pay and working conditions. Or think of other great leaders who had no formal authority but changed the world—Martin Luther King Jr., Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela. Leaders get people to actively work on what needs to be done. To do this, leaders need to help people overcome the four “work-avoidance mechanisms” that most of the rest of us carry around in our heads. Those mechanisms are denial that a problem exists, the desire to escape responsibility even when we recognize the problem, the tendency to scapegoat others for causing it, and—worst of all—cynicism about the possibility of ever remedying the problem.

The Health Gap: The Challenge of an Unequal World by Michael Marmot

active measures, active transport: walking or cycling, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Atul Gawande, Bonfire of the Vanities, Broken windows theory, cakes and ale, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, Carmen Reinhart, Celtic Tiger, centre right, clean water, cognitive load, congestion charging, correlation does not imply causation, Doha Development Round, epigenetics, financial independence, future of work, Gini coefficient, Growth in a Time of Debt, illegal immigration, income inequality, Indoor air pollution, Kenneth Rogoff, Kibera, labour market flexibility, longitudinal study, lump of labour, Mahatma Gandhi, Mahbub ul Haq, meta-analysis, microcredit, move 37, New Urbanism, obamacare, paradox of thrift, race to the bottom, Rana Plaza, RAND corporation, road to serfdom, Simon Kuznets, Socratic dialogue, structural adjustment programs, the built environment, The Spirit Level, trickle-down economics, twin studies, urban planning, Washington Consensus, Winter of Discontent, working poor

It is the issue of education to which we turn next. 5 Education and Empowerment We want to provide only such education as would enable the student to earn more. We hardly give any thought to the improvement of the character of the educated. The girls, we say, do not have to earn; so why should they be educated? As long as such ideas persist there is no hope of our ever knowing the true value of education. Mahatma Gandhi You are a young girl sitting outside a rude shelter, humble but home, in a Bangladeshi village, watching your baby brother play in the dirt – your parents are both at work – and daydreaming. The fairy godmother appears and asks: ‘How would you like a more secure future, better nutrition, a paid job, control over the decision if and when to get married, defence against being beaten by your husband, control over your sexuality and childbearing, increased chance that children you choose to have survive and grow in good health?

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Recall the face of the poorest and the weakest man [woman] whom you may have seen, and ask yourself, if the step you contemplate is going to be of any use to him [her]. Will he [she] gain anything by it? Will it restore him [her] to a control over his [her] own life and destiny? In other words, will it lead to swaraj [freedom] for the hungry and spiritually starving millions? Then you will find your doubts and your self melt away. Mahatma Gandhi ‘You are the first white man who spoke to me in a way I could believe in; what you said: did it include me?’ Then the Maori woman, in traditional Maori fashion, introduced herself by saying who her grandparents and parents were. She finished: ‘I think what you said includes me, but I want to hear from you that it is so.’

Breakout Nations: In Pursuit of the Next Economic Miracles by Ruchir Sharma

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, affirmative action, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, American energy revolution, anti-communist, Asian financial crisis, banking crisis, Berlin Wall, book value, BRICs, British Empire, business climate, business cycle, business process, business process outsourcing, call centre, capital controls, Carmen Reinhart, central bank independence, centre right, cloud computing, collective bargaining, colonial rule, commodity super cycle, corporate governance, creative destruction, crony capitalism, deindustrialization, demographic dividend, Deng Xiaoping, eurozone crisis, financial engineering, Gini coefficient, global macro, global supply chain, Goodhart's law, high-speed rail, housing crisis, income inequality, indoor plumbing, inflation targeting, informal economy, junk bonds, Kenneth Rogoff, knowledge economy, labor-force participation, land reform, low interest rates, M-Pesa, Mahatma Gandhi, Marc Andreessen, market bubble, Masayoshi Son, mass immigration, megacity, Mexican peso crisis / tequila crisis, middle-income trap, Nelson Mandela, new economy, no-fly zone, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, open economy, Peter Thiel, planetary scale, public intellectual, quantitative easing, reserve currency, Robert Gordon, rolling blackouts, Shenzhen was a fishing village, Silicon Valley, software is eating the world, sovereign wealth fund, The Great Moderation, Thomas L Friedman, trade liberalization, Tyler Cowen, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, working-age population, zero-sum game

Lately India’s governing Congress Party has turned to generous spending in an effort to recover the political backing it had lost to an array of regional parties in recent decades. Brazil offered what was probably the emerging world’s most generous welfare program—the Bolsa Familia income supports—that is, until 2005, when the Congress Party in India pushed through the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), which guarantees the rural poor one hundred days of public-sector employment each year, at an annual cost to the treasury of nearly $10 billion. It was easy enough for India to increase spending in the midst of a global boom, but the spending has continued to rise in the post-crisis period.

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., 129 Kenya, 191, 205, 209 Keynes, John Maynard, 109 KGB, 86 Khodorkovsky, Mikhail, 87 Kia, 161, 162–63 kidnappings, 78–79, 190–91 Kim Jong Il, 170 Kinshasa, 205 Kirchner, Cristina, 89 Kirchner, Nestor, 89 Klaus, Vaclav, 108 Koç family, 125 “Korea Discount,” 167–69 “Korean Wave,” 122, 167 KOSPI index, 70, 153, 155, 156, 164, 165 K-pop, 122, 154, 167 Kuala Lumpur, 147, 148, 151 Kumar, Nitish, 50–51 Kuwait, 187–88, 214, 216, 218, 219 Kuznets curve, 76 labor market, 7, 17, 21–23, 27, 32, 38, 47, 55, 64, 65, 76, 77, 102, 103, 104, 164, 169–70, 174–75, 179, 180–81, 199, 203–4, 246–47 Lada, 86 Lafarge, 213 Lagos, 211, 212, 213 landlines, 207 land-use laws, 25, 168 Laos, 188 laptop computers, 158, 164 large numbers, law of, 7 Last Train Home, The, 22–23 Latin America, viii, 40–41, 42, 73–75, 81, 89, 246 see also specific countries Latvia, 101 Lavoisier, Antoine, 235–36 law, rule of, x, 50–51, 89, 96, 127, 181–82 lead, 19 Leblon neighborhood, 61 Lee Kwan Yew, 118, 148, 193 Lehman Brothers, 164 Le Thanh Hai, 203 Lewis, Arthur, 21 “Lewis turning point,” 21 LG, 158, 163 “Liberation Tigers” of Tamil Eelam, 192–93, 197 Liberty, 178 Libya, 127, 216 Limpopo River, 171 Linux, 238 liquidity, 9, 228–30 liquor stores, 126 literacy rate, 52 Lithuania, 101, 109 Lixin Fan, 22–23 loans, personal, 12, 24, 116, 125, 150 long-run forecasting, 1–14 L’Oréal, 31 Louis Vuitton, 31 Lugano, 40 Lula da Silva, Inácio, 59, 61, 66, 70, 210, 226, 248 luxury goods, vii–viii, 12, 25, 31, 236 Macao, 201 macroeconomics, 7–8, 13, 66, 67, 145–46, 188 “macromania,” 7–8, 188 Made in America, Again, 246–47 “made in” label, 155, 246–47 Madhya Pradesh, 52 maglev (magnetic levitation) trains, 15–16, 231 Magnit, 90–91 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), 41–42 Malaysia, 146–52 in Asian financial crisis, 18, 131–32, 146–47, 149–50 banking in, 146, 149–50, 151, 252 currency of (ringgit), 131, 146–47, 149 economic planning in, 150–52, 161 economy of, 18, 118, 150–52, 161, 235 electronics industry of, 147–48 as emerging market, 10, 45, 118, 149, 161, 235 foreign investment in, 146–50, 151 foreign trade of, 6, 144, 147, 157 GDP of, 145, 147, 149 government of, 146, 148–52 growth rate of, 9, 147–48, 149, 244 income levels of, 138, 148 manufacturing sector in, 147–48, 150 political situation in, 146–49 Singapore compared with, 118 stock market of, 131, 235 Thailand compared with, 144, 145, 147 wealth of, 148 Mali, 208 Malta, 30, 106 Malthus, Thomas, 225, 231–32 Mandela, Nelson, 171, 172, 176 Manila, 130, 138, 139, 140, 141 Manuel, Trevor, 176 manufacturing sector, 17–18, 22–23, 28, 43, 54, 75, 80, 88–89, 90, 110, 124, 132, 147–48, 150, 155, 157, 158–59, 160, 161–66, 168, 170, 180, 221, 230, 235, 246–47, 265 Maoism, 37, 47 Mao Zedong, 21, 27, 29 Marcos, Ferdinand, 138, 139, 210 markets: black, 13–14, 96, 126 capital, 69, 70–71; see also capital flows commodity, 12, 13–14, 223–39 currency, 4, 9, 13, 28 domestic, 36, 43, 183 emerging, vii–x, 2–11, 37–38, 47, 64, 94, 185–91, 198–99, 242–49, 254–55, 259–62 free, x, 8–9, 96, 104 frontier, 89, 185–91, 213, 261–62 housing, 5–6, 16, 18, 24–25, 28–29, 31, 32, 61, 92, 103–4 labor, 7, 17, 21–23, 27, 32, 38, 47, 55, 64, 65, 76, 77, 102, 103, 104, 164, 169–70, 174–75, 179, 180–81, 199, 203–4, 246–47 see also stock markets Mato Grosso, 232 Mayer-Serra, Carlos Elizondo, 78 MBAs, 225 Mbeki, Thabo, 176, 206 Medellín drug cartel, 79 Medvedev, Dmitry, 95–96 Mercedes-Benz, 86, 144 Merkel, Angela, 108 Mexican peso crisis, 4, 9 Mexico, 73–82 antitrust laws in, 81–82 banking in, 81, 82 billionaires in, 45, 47, 71, 78–80 Brazil compared with, 71, 75 China compared with, 80, 82 consumer prices in, 75–76 corruption in, 76–77 currency of (peso), 4, 9, 73, 80, 131 drug cartels in, 79–80 economy of, 4, 12, 28, 73–82, 178, 183 emigration from, 79, 82 foreign exports of, 6, 75, 80, 158 GDP of, 76, 77, 81 government of, 76–78 growth rate of, 73–82, 244 income levels of, 8, 73–75, 76, 113 labor unions in, 76, 77 national debt of, 76, 80–81 nationalization in, 77–78 oil industry of, 75, 77–78, 82 oligopolies in, 73, 75, 76–82, 178 parliament of, 76–77 political situation in, 76–78, 82 population of, 73 stock market of, 73, 75, 76, 81 taxation in, 76 U.S. compared with, 75, 79, 80 Mexico City, 75 micromanagement, 151 middle class, 10, 19–20, 33, 42–43, 52–56, 182, 211, 236 Middle East, 38, 65, 68, 113, 116, 122, 123, 125, 166, 170, 189, 195, 214–21, 234, 246 middle-income barrier, 19–20, 144–45 middle-income deceleration, 20 Miller, Arthur, 223 minimum wage, 29, 63, 126, 137 mining industry, 44, 93, 154, 175, 176, 178–80 Miracle Year (2003), 3–6 misery index, 248–49 Mittal, Sunil Bharti, 204–5, 206, 209 mobile phones, 53, 86, 204–5, 207–8, 212, 237 Mohammed, Mahathir, 146–47, 148, 151 Moi, Daniel arap, 205 monetization, 225 Money Game, The (Smith), 234 Mongolia, 191 monopolies, 13, 73, 75–76, 178–79 Monroe, Marilyn, 129 Monte Carlo, 94 “morphic resonance,” 185 mortgage-backed securities, 5 mortgages, 5, 92, 105–6 Moscow, 12, 83, 84, 90, 91, 96, 136, 137, 232 mosques, 111 Mou Qizhong, 46 Mozambique, 184, 194–95, 198, 206 M-Pesa, 208 MTN, 212–13 Mubarak, Gamal, 218 Mubarak, Hosni, 92, 127, 218 Mugabe, Robert, 176, 181 Multimedia Supercorridor, 151 multinational corporations, 53, 73, 75, 81, 151, 158–59, 160, 184, 230 Mumbai, 43, 44, 79, 214, 244 Murder 2, 167 Murphy’s law, 11 Muslim Brotherhood, 127 Mutual, 178 mutual funds, 178–79 Myanmar, 30 Myspace, 41 Naipaul, V.

Together by Vivek H. Murthy, M.D.

Airbnb, call centre, cognitive bias, coronavirus, COVID-19, crowdsourcing, death from overwork, gentrification, gig economy, income inequality, index card, karōshi / gwarosa / guolaosi, longitudinal study, Lyft, Mahatma Gandhi, medical residency, meta-analysis, moral hazard, Nelson Mandela, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, randomized controlled trial, rent control, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, Snapchat, social distancing, social intelligence, stem cell, TED Talk, twin studies, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft

The scientists who first recognized this vital function thought that perhaps, if we could learn to respond to loneliness (like we do to hunger and thirst), instead of surrendering to it, we might be able to reduce both its duration and negative effects and actually improve the overall quality of our lives. The first step was to study the tandem evolution of social connection and loneliness. Chapter 2 The Evolution of Loneliness With every true friendship, we build more firmly the foundations on which the peace of the whole world rests. —Mahatma Gandhi If we have no peace, it is because we have forgotten that we belong to each other. —Mother Teresa One warm fall afternoon in 2017, while visiting my parents in Miami, I joined Iowa Public Radio by phone to speak with callers about loneliness. I was pacing outside on the driveway as I listened and talked, and my feet were bare, an old habit from childhood, when I would run through this very yard feeling the earth between my toes.

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Or, as sociologists Christian Smith and Hilary Davidson put it, in giving we receive, and in grasping we lose.7 The point that this makes is essential. The practice of service need not be onerous, distracting, or draining, but it must be kind. Ideally, through service this kindness becomes a deeper part of who we are, woven into our character. This is what India’s great spiritual leader Mahatma Gandhi meant when he said, “The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.”8 Researchers lately have picked up this thread from a neuroscientific perspective. One of them is Dr. Steve Cole.9 Service, Cole told me, is tied together with purpose and meaning, and all three play potent roles in social connectedness.

The Great Experiment: Why Diverse Democracies Fall Apart and How They Can Endure by Yascha Mounk

23andMe, affirmative action, basic income, centre right, coronavirus, COVID-19, critical race theory, Donald Trump, failed state, global pandemic, illegal immigration, income inequality, language acquisition, Mahatma Gandhi, meta-analysis, Milgram experiment, Peter Singer: altruism, phenotype, Republic of Letters, Ronald Reagan, Steven Pinker, theory of mind, transatlantic slave trade, universal basic income, unpaid internship, World Values Survey

But when the Second World War ended, even nations that nominally counted among its victors recognized that they had lost the strength to sustain their empires. Though countries from Britain to Portugal continued to fight a bloody rearguard battle for decades to come, it was obvious that the age of colonialism was coming to an end. Nationalists like Mahatma Gandhi in India and Jomo Kenyatta in Kenya finally attained their long-awaited goal of building independent nations. But securing domestic peace would, it quickly became apparent, prove an even greater challenge than winning the anticolonial war. Before they were ruled by colonial powers, few parts of the world had resembled modern nation-states.

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The modern roots of this conception lie in the United States. But, over time, it has planted offshoots around the world. When the founders of India tried to figure out how they could give an identity to a vast new country that had a Hindu majority but also included a large number of Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, and Parsis, Mahatma Gandhi championed an Indian version of civic patriotism. “When the Republic of India was created in 1950, its citizens sought to be united on a set of ideals,” the Indian historian Ramachandra Guha writes. “The basis of citizenship was adherence to these values, not to [. . .] a shared faith or a common enemy.”

Migrant City: A New History of London by Panikos Panayi

Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, British Empire, Brixton riot, call centre, Charles Babbage, classic study, discovery of the americas, en.wikipedia.org, financial intermediation, gentrification, ghettoisation, gig economy, glass ceiling, haute cuisine, immigration reform, income inequality, Londongrad, Mahatma Gandhi, manufacturing employment, mass immigration, multicultural london english, New Urbanism, offshore financial centre, plutocrats, post-war consensus, public intellectual, Shamima Begum, transatlantic slave trade, upwardly mobile, urban sprawl, W. E. B. Du Bois, white flight

London has played a role in the evolution of virtually every radical political ideology over the last two centuries, whether communism, pan-Africanism or a host of nationalist ideologies which led to the overthrow of both the continental nineteenth-century empires and to British imperialism. It appears that every revolutionary leader of the period from the end of the eighteenth to the middle of twentieth century spent time in London, from Karl Marx, Lajos Kossuth and Giuseppe Garibaldi through to Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Jomo Kenyatta, Mahatma Gandhi – and beyond that, a series of governments in exile which based themselves in London waiting for the defeat of the Nazis in Europe, perhaps most famously the Free French led by Charles de Gaulle. The presence of the conservative but nationalist French leader points to the fact that London has acted as home to political exiles from all parts of the political spectrum, beginning with those fleeing the French Revolution in the 1790s, although, while fascism may have had adherents in London, this city played little role in the evolution of this ideology.

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The presence of the conservative but nationalist French leader points to the fact that London has acted as home to political exiles from all parts of the political spectrum, beginning with those fleeing the French Revolution in the 1790s, although, while fascism may have had adherents in London, this city played little role in the evolution of this ideology. For some political thinkers spending time in the home of the mother of parliaments, their sojourn proved fundamental in the evolution of their ideas including, for example, Karl Marx and Mahatma Gandhi. While Gandhi may have moved to the imperial capital voluntarily for the purpose of his legal education, Marx resembles countless other refugees who essentially spent time in London because it proved the closest place to revolutionary activity taking place on the European continent. London was almost a last resort but one which housed numerous other exiles who may have shared similar ideas, facilitating the evolution of communism and pan-Africanism, for example.

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Indian women, notably Sophia Duleep Singh, also became active in the Women’s Social and Political Union.107 The India League, which became the main organization campaigning for independence within Britain during the interwar years, came into existence in 1916 and brought together a wide range of Indians including seamen, students and professionals led by Vengalil Krishnan Krishna Menon, although it only had a membership of 180.108 The most famous Indian nationalist to visit London, Mahatma Gandhi, initially travelled to the imperial capital in order to study for the bar between 1888 and 1891 and interacted with the radical vegetarian movement and the theosophists, influenced by Indian religion. He returned in 1906 to lead a deputation to Parliament campaigning for the rights of Indians in South Africa and therefore established his reputation as a political campaigner in the heart of Empire.

You're a Horrible Person, but I Like You: The Believer Book of Advice by The Believer

blood diamond, Burning Man, haute cuisine, Kickstarter, Mahatma Gandhi, McDonald's hot coffee lawsuit, nuclear winter, Saturday Night Live

Fred … Dear Fred: I recently received an e-mail from a female friend whom I’d been romantically involved with over the summer. Things ended badly, and the e-mail was an apology for her jealous behavior. Should I accept her apology? Andrew McIntyre Washington, DC Dear Andrew: Here’s a quote from a speech by Mahatma Gandhi, 1945: “Breakups are hard. Breakups are hard. You say these things and it’s like … I don’t know. I don’t get jealous, you know? I just get mad sometimes. Like ‘What did that guy say to you?’ That kind of thing. A friend of mine is going through this and it’s like … I know what you’re going through.

You Are What You Read by Jodie Jackson

Brexit referendum, delayed gratification, Filter Bubble, framing effect, Future Shock, Hans Rosling, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, New Journalism, race to the bottom, Rutger Bregman, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, TED Talk, yellow journalism

People who have high levels of hope are able to persevere thanks to their increased flexibility of thought; they can move around obstacles by creating alternative routes.13 Thomas Edison, America’s greatest inventor and father of the light bulb, famously said, ‘I have not failed; I’ve just found ten thousand ways that won’t work.’ Despite his continued setbacks, his committed belief in his ability to make a difference helped him persevere. In fact, all of the visionaries who have shaped the world we live in share a common trait: they have all created worlds beyond what reality suggested possible. Mahatma Gandhi, leader of India’s independence; Martin Luther King Jr., leader of the civil rights movement; Steve Jobs, creator of Apple; Marie Curie, the first woman to win a Nobel prize; the Wright brothers, aviation pioneers who have helped us travel at unimaginable speeds and unthinkable heights. These visionaries all had the ability to look beyond what is, to what could be.

Maths on the Back of an Envelope: Clever Ways to (Roughly) Calculate Anything by Rob Eastaway

butterfly effect, Donald Trump, Mahatma Gandhi, Ronald Reagan, seminal paper, Strategic Defense Initiative, the rule of 72

If you get within (say) 5% of the right answer, you are already a decent estimator. And if you are able to work out exactly the right answers to most of them in your head, that’s a bonus, and you can call yourself an arithmetician. (a) A meal costs £7.23. You pay £10 in cash. How much change do you get? (b) Mahatma Gandhi was born in October 1869 and died in January 1948. On his last birthday, how old was he? (c) A newsagent sells 800 chocolate bars at 70p each. What are his takings? (d) Kate’s salary is £28,000. Her company gives her a 3% pay rise. What is her new salary? (e) You drive 144 miles and use 4.5 gallons of petrol.

On the Grand Trunk Road: A Journey Into South Asia by Steve Coll

affirmative action, airport security, anti-communist, Ayatollah Khomeini, back-to-the-land, Berlin Wall, British Empire, colonial rule, disinformation, Fall of the Berlin Wall, foreign exchange controls, full employment, global village, income inequality, income per capita, Indoor air pollution, Khyber Pass, land reform, Mahatma Gandhi, market bubble, mass immigration, Mikhail Gorbachev, New Urbanism, Ponzi scheme, Ronald Reagan, upwardly mobile, urban sprawl, yellow journalism

Unshackled from its Nehruvian-socialist economic model, the country has birthed a new elite of conspicuous rich; a large, confident middle class with money to spend; and a media-soaked culture increasingly permissive about a style of conspicuous consumption that would astonish, and presumably pain, Mahatma Gandhi. There were glimmers of this possibility in 1992, but only that. “Shining India,” as the Hindu Nationalist political slogans today have it, is partly a mirage—poverty, illiteracy, profound income inequality, and backward infrastructure remain embedded behind the glare. Even so, India today is a markedly more stable and prosperous country than it was when I moved there to work fifteen years ago—and it is also the only country in South Asia of which that can be said.

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As Benazir learned about politics in Larkana, so Abedi first learned about finance, wealth, power, and law in Mahmudabad’s centuries-old feudal world. In Mahmudabad a series of bejeweled Muslim rajas administered great tracts of land from a gold and silver throne. They financed idealistic politicians such as the Mahatma Gandhi and Pakistan founder Mohammed Ali Jinnah. They doled out gifts to their subjects, paid stipends to renowned poets and intellectuals, plotted against the British Empire, and finally witnessed the birth of independent India and Pakistan in a bloody spasm of post-Partition riots. Abedi and nearly all of BCCI’s senior executives migrated as young adults from what is now India to newly independent Islamic Pakistan in 1947 and 1948, when the kingdoms that the British had employed to rule South Asia fell.

Humankind: A Hopeful History by Rutger Bregman

"Hurricane Katrina" Superdome, Airbnb, Anton Chekhov, basic income, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, bitcoin, Bletchley Park, Broken windows theory, call centre, data science, David Graeber, domesticated silver fox, Donald Trump, Easter island, experimental subject, fake news, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Frederick Winslow Taylor, Garrett Hardin, Hans Rosling, invention of writing, invisible hand, knowledge economy, late fees, Mahatma Gandhi, mass incarceration, meta-analysis, Milgram experiment, mirror neurons, Nelson Mandela, New Journalism, nocebo, placebo effect, Rutger Bregman, scientific management, sharing economy, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, social intelligence, Stanford prison experiment, Stephen Fry, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, surveillance capitalism, TED Talk, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tragedy of the Commons, transatlantic slave trade, tulip mania, universal basic income, W. E. B. Du Bois, World Values Survey

And if you greet only your brothers and sisters, what more are you doing than others?’2 The question is, can we take things a step further? What if we assume the best not only about our children, our co-workers, and our neighbours, but also about our enemies? That’s considerably more difficult and can go against our gut instincts. Look at Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr, perhaps the two greatest heroes of the twentieth century. They were pros at non-complementary behaviour, but then again they were extraordinary individuals. What about the rest of us? Are you and I capable of turning the other cheek? And can we make it work on a large scale – say, in prisons and police stations, after terrorist attacks or in times of war?

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., ‘In Search of Homo Economicus: Behavioral Experiments in 15 Small-Scale Societies’, American Economic Review (No. 2, 2001). 34David Sloan Wilson and Joseph Henrich, ‘Scientists Discover What Economists Haven’t Found: Humans’, Evonomics.com (12 July 2016). 35Quoted in David Sloan Wilson, ‘Charles Darwin as the Father of Economics: A Conversation with Robert Frank’, The Evolution Institute (10 September 2015). 36Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, translated by Rex Warner (1972), pp. 242–5. 37Saint Augustine, The Confessions of Saint Augustine, translated by Maria Boulding (2012), p. 12. 38Thomas Henry Huxley, The Struggle for Existence in Human Society (originally published in 1888). 39Herbert Spencer, Social Statistics, Chapter XVIII, paragraph 4 (1851). 40‘I refuse to believe that the tendency of human nature is always downward,’ said Mahatma Gandhi, the legendary leader of India’s independence movement, whom Churchill dismissed as a ‘half-naked fakir’. ‘Man’s goodness is a flame that can be hidden but never extinguished,’ said Nelson Mandela, who was imprisoned for twenty-seven years by a criminal regime. 41Emma Goldman, Anarchism and Other Essays (Stillwell, 2008), p. 29.

The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830–1970 by John Darwin

anti-communist, banking crisis, Bretton Woods, British Empire, capital controls, classic study, cognitive bias, colonial rule, Corn Laws, disinformation, European colonialism, floating exchange rates, full employment, imperial preference, Joseph Schumpeter, Khartoum Gordon, Kickstarter, labour mobility, land tenure, liberal capitalism, liquidationism / Banker’s doctrine / the Treasury view, Mahatma Gandhi, Monroe Doctrine, new economy, New Urbanism, open economy, railway mania, reserve currency, Right to Buy, rising living standards, scientific management, Scientific racism, South China Sea, Suez canal 1869, Suez crisis 1956, tacit knowledge, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, trade route, transaction costs, transcontinental railway, undersea cable

The Seven Pillars of Wisdom was published for general circulation in 1935. 66. The title of the classic study by Elizabeth Monroe (1963). 67. Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. XVII, p. 371: Gandhi to Home-Rule League, Navajivan, 2 May 1920. 68. R. Gordon, ‘Non-cooperation and Council-Entry, 1919–1920’, Modern Asian Studies, 7, 3 (1973), 458. 69. D. Page, Prelude to Partition: The Indian Muslims and the Imperial System of Control 1920–1932 (Oxford, 1982), p. 33. 70. Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. XVIII, p. 253: Speech at Calcutta Congress, 8 September 1920. 71. Ibid., p. 350: Speech at Lucknow, 15 October 1920. 72.

…

Montagu, Indian Diary, p. 358: this was (Sir) William Marris, later governor of the United Provinces. 135. Report of the Indian National Congress Special Session, 29 August–1 September 1918. 136. Ibid., p. 103: this was B. C. Pal of Bengal. 137. Montagu Papers: Montagu to Chelmsford, 27 April 1918. 138. Montagu Papers: Notes prepared on the Rowlatt Act, n.d. 139. Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. XIV, pp. 486–7: Gandhi to S. Sastri, 18 July 1918. 140. Recruiting Appeal, 22 June 1918, in M. Desai, Day to Day with Gandhi, vol 1, November 1917 to March 1919 (Eng. trans., Benares, 1968). Desai was Gandhi's personal secretary. 141. F. Robinson, Separatism among Indian Muslims (Cambridge, 1974), p. 289. 142.

…

.), Mohamed Ali in Indian Politics: Selected Writings, vol. II (New Delhi, 1987). R. Kumar and H. D. Sharma (eds.), Selected Works of Motilal Nehru, 6 vols. (New Delhi, 1992–5). S. Gopal (ed.), Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, First Series, 15 vols. (New Delhi, 1972–82). The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, 100 vols. (New Delhi, 1964–). Of the ever-increasing volume of material now available online, British Parliamentary Papers for the nineteenth and twentieth century, the Times Digital Archive, giving access to The Times since its first publication, The Mackenzie King Diaries, the Dictionary of Canadian Biography, the Australian Dictionary of Biography and the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography were particularly useful.

Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products by Nir Eyal

Airbnb, AltaVista, behavioural economics, Cass Sunstein, choice architecture, cognitive bias, cognitive dissonance, dark pattern, en.wikipedia.org, fail fast, framing effect, game design, gamification, Google Glasses, growth hacking, Ian Bogost, IKEA effect, Inbox Zero, invention of the telephone, iterative process, Jeff Bezos, Lean Startup, lock screen, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, meta-analysis, Oculus Rift, Paradox of Choice, Paul Buchheit, Paul Graham, Peter Thiel, QWERTY keyboard, reality distortion field, Richard Thaler, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Snapchat, social bookmarking, TaskRabbit, telemarketer, the new new thing, Toyota Production System, Y Combinator

The role of facilitator fulfills the moral obligation for entrepreneurs building a product they will themselves use and that they believe materially improves the lives of others. As long as they have procedures in place to assist those who form unhealthy addictions, the designer can act with a clean conscience. To take liberties with Mahatma Gandhi’s famous quote, facilitators “build the change they want to see in the world.” 2. The Peddler Heady altruistic ambitions can at times outpace reality. Too often, designers of manipulative technology have a strong motivation to improve the lives of their users, but when pressed they admit they would not actually use their own creations.

Modern China: A Very Short Introduction by Rana Mitter

banking crisis, British Empire, corporate social responsibility, credit crunch, Deng Xiaoping, global reserve currency, Great Leap Forward, invention of gunpowder, land reform, Mahatma Gandhi, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, new economy, purchasing power parity, reserve currency, South China Sea, special economic zone, stem cell, urban planning

Furthermore, one should note the heavy influence of internationalism in the shaping of modern Chinese culture. Even in the most closed period of modern Chinese history, during Mao’s rule, cultural models came from the USSR, and Marxist-Leninist ideas were widespread. In the period before 1949 and since 1978, a stunning variety of influences, from American management gurus to French philosophers to Mahatma Gandhi, have reshaped the Chinese sense of the modern self and the meaning of ‘Chinese culture’. Chapter 7 Brave new China? During the 2010s, China is likely to change yet further. Since the ascension to power of Xi Jinping, China has become less liberal at home and more assertive overseas.

In Spite of the Gods: The Rise of Modern India by Edward Luce

affirmative action, Albert Einstein, Alvin Toffler, Bretton Woods, call centre, centre right, clean water, colonial rule, company town, crony capitalism, cuban missile crisis, demographic dividend, digital divide, dual-use technology, energy security, financial independence, friendly fire, Future Shock, Gini coefficient, Great Leap Forward, Haight Ashbury, informal economy, job-hopping, Kickstarter, land reform, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Wolf, megacity, new economy, plutocrats, profit motive, purchasing power parity, Silicon Valley, trade liberalization, upwardly mobile, uranium enrichment, urban planning, women in the workforce, working-age population, Y2K

Although there were other Dalit groups* required to perform more humiliating tasks, the Mahars were never permitted to enter temples or to draw water from the same well as the rest of the village. Ambedkar helped them to reject the role to which they were born. Other lower-caste leaders were agitating, along with Mahatma Gandhi, for Dalits to be given access to temples and wells. But Ambedkar was dismissive of the chances of bringing about any real change in the mentality of upper-caste Hindus. He declared that he did not want to enter their temples at all. “I was born a Hindu,” he said, “but I will not die a Hindu.”

…

Why can’t India’s Muslims be more like that?” At the time I did not answer. But it struck me later that Hindus are a minority in Indonesia, just as Muslims are in India. If you were to follow Modi’s line of thinking, the accurate parallel would be for India to put an Islamic symbol on one of its notes. Jawaharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi in conversation, 1946 (Empics) Sonia Gandhi and her son Rahul at the twenty-first anniversary of the death of Indira Gandhi (Empics) Indira, 1979. The most formidable and ruthless leader India has yet seen (Getty Images) Manmohan Singh, India’s understated Prime Minister (Olivia Arthur) An Indian soldier launches a rocket at armed Muslim militants along the Line of Control, November 2001 (Getty Images) Pakistan’s President General Musharraf, September 2001 (Reuters/Corbis) Indian tanks parade on Republic Day, January 26, 2000 (Reuters/Corbis) Indian policemen form a security cordon around supporters of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) at a political rally (Emmanuel Dunand/AFP/Getty Images) Delhi’s new metro, September 2005 (Getty Images) Muslim women talk on their mobile phones outside a McDonald’s restaurant (Sohail Akbar) Old India: villagers draw water at a well (Getty Images) Bollywood megastar Amitabh Bachchan (far left) dances with Aishwarya Rai, Mumbai’s leading lady, and his son Abhishek Bachchan (Empics) One of modern India’s young couples (Olivia Arthur) Manmohan Singh and his wife, Gursharan Kaur, with President George W.

The Gifted Adult: A Revolutionary Guide for Liberating Everyday Genius(tm) by Mary-Elaine Jacobsen

Abraham Maslow, Albert Einstein, do what you love, fear of failure, impulse control, Isaac Newton, Mahatma Gandhi, out of africa, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Feynman, Stanford marshmallow experiment, Stephen Hawking, urban sprawl, Vision Fund, Walter Mischel

Linguistic intelligence: A proficient and easy use of words and sensitivity to phrasing and the rhythm of language in poetry, song lyrics, and persuasive speaking, as with poet Walt Whitman, Nobel laureate Toni Morrison, musical wordsmith Bob Dylan, evangelist Billy Graham, and congressional orator Barbara Jordan Musical intelligence: A special sensitivity to tempo, pitch, timbre, and tone, and an ability to create and express musical arrangements that correspond to emotional experience, as in great composers, singers, and musicians such as conductor Arturo Toscanini, violinist Jascha Heifetz, legendary jazz composer Duke Ellington, and operatic diva Maria Callas Logical-mathematical intelligence: Powers of inductive and deductive reasoning in handling abstract relationship and predictions based on numbers and equations, so obvious in eminent economist John Kenneth Galbraith, the Harvard professor who administered the system of price controls during World War II; physicist Robert Goddard, father of modern space rocketry; statistician George Gallup, whose polls quantified public opinion; Arno Penzias, the Nobel laureate who confirmed the fabled big-bang theory of creation and pioneered new computer logic; and Lise Meitner, who coined the term “atomic fission” and solved extraordinary mathematical puzzles in her 1930s experiments with barium emission Spatial intelligence: The ability to visualize objects in the mind and transfer the information to something concrete, such as designing an airplane or laying out a movie set, as visible in phenoms such as Walt Disney; William Mulholland, the self-taught engineer whose photographic memory and “ditchdigger” genius developed the Los Angeles aqueduct system in the early 1900s; Howard Roark, the architect character in Ayn Rand’s The Fountainhead; and painter and sculptor Pablo Picasso Bodily (kinesthetic) intelligence: Exceptional body control and refined motion that permits skillful expression of ideas and feelings through movement, as with Martha Graham’s poignant choreography and dance, Michael Jordan’s superstar athleticism, and the classic slapstick antics of Charlie Chaplin Interpersonal intelligence: Advanced understanding of human relations and management of feelings, as in the revolutionary insights of Carl Jung, Clara Barton, Eleanor Roosevelt, Nobel laureate Martin Luther King Jr., and Mourning Dove, who possessed the spirit to chronicle her people’s honored traditions both as a folklorist and novelist Intrapersonal intelligence: A sharp understanding of one’s inner landscape, motivations, emotions, needs, and goals, as with Herman Hesse, Sigmund Freud, Mahatma Gandhi, Thomas Merton, and Ingmar Bergman Naturalist intelligence: A special ability to grasp the intricate workings and relationships within nature; an instinctive reverence for a connection with animals, plants, minerals, ocean, sky, desert, and mountain, as in Henry David Thoreau; John Muir, founder of the Sierra Club, who at age sixty-eight began a campaign to preserve the Yosemite Valley; and Isak Dinesen, whose years as a farmer on an East African highlands coffee plantation inspired her to write her celebrated memoir Out of Africa From this standpoint, hip-hop kids might be perceived as masters of musical, linguistic, and kinesthetic intelligences.

…

Personal experience is not the only value of intensity. Some experts in the area of leadership believe so-called dramatic individuals make the best leaders. They are charismatic models of loyalty to a cause who demonstrate unwavering commitment. One of our most valuable gifts is the ability to stir up enthusiasm in others. Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Eleanor Roosevelt took the moral high ground and relied on emotional response to fuel their campaigns for justice. Without our having an emotional response to them, our experiences are just commonplace experiences, and we in particular are equipped for what Maslow called “peak” experiences.

If You're So Smart, Why Aren't You Happy? by Raj Raghunathan

behavioural economics, Blue Ocean Strategy, Broken windows theory, business process, classic study, cognitive dissonance, deliberate practice, do well by doing good, en.wikipedia.org, epigenetics, fundamental attribution error, hedonic treadmill, job satisfaction, longitudinal study, Mahatma Gandhi, market clearing, meta-analysis, Neil Armstrong, new economy, Phillip Zimbardo, placebo effect, science of happiness, Skype, sugar pill, TED Talk, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, Thorstein Veblen, Tony Hsieh, work culture , working poor, zero-sum game, Zipcar

Chapter 7B THE SEVENTH HABIT OF THE HIGHLY HAPPY: MINDFULNESS Imagine that you’re given the opportunity to be a fly on the wall for any event. Which event would you choose? Would it be for a surreptitious meeting between JFK and Marilyn Monroe? Or would it be for the meeting between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Mountbatten on the night that India achieved freedom from Great Britain? Whatever event you choose, the idea of being a fly on the wall is that you are a disinterested observer. Not an uninterested observer, mind you, but a disinterested one. Uninterested means being bored and not interested.

…

This is why, as my coauthors and I documented in a series of studies, many consumers believe ethical products (for example, tires made out of biodegradable materials) can’t be as durable. But the truth is, it is possible to be both compassionate and strong; in fact, some of the world’s most well-respected leaders, like Mahatma Gandhi, Mandela, Mother Teresa, and Martin Luther King, were the epitome of both strength and compassion. Of course, one can more readily think of leaders (like Steve Jobs or Jack Welch) who had the reputation of being uncaring. However, the theme that emerges from a larger number of data points, as we saw in chapter 3B, is that it is the leaders who are kind and compassionate (specifically, the “givers”) who are more likely to rise to the top of their organizations.

Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind by Yuval Noah Harari

Admiral Zheng, agricultural Revolution, Albert Einstein, Alfred Russel Wallace, An Inconvenient Truth, Apollo 11, Atahualpa, British Empire, cognitive dissonance, correlation does not imply causation, credit crunch, David Graeber, Easter island, Edmond Halley, European colonialism, Francisco Pizarro, glass ceiling, global village, Great Leap Forward, greed is good, income per capita, invention of gunpowder, Isaac Newton, joint-stock company, joint-stock limited liability company, Kickstarter, liberal capitalism, life extension, low interest rates, Mahatma Gandhi, megacity, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, Neil Armstrong, out of africa, personalized medicine, Ponzi scheme, Silicon Valley, South China Sea, stem cell, Steven Pinker, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, urban planning, zero-sum game

Though in some places such as Malaya and Kenya the British tried to hang on by force of arms, in most places they accepted the end of empire with a sigh rather than with a temper tantrum. They focused their efforts not on retaining power, but on transferring it as smoothly as possible. At least some of the praise usually heaped on Mahatma Gandhi for his non-violent creed is actually owed to the British Empire. Despite many years of bitter and often violent struggle, when the end of the Raj came, the Indians did not have to fight the British in the streets of Delhi and Calcutta. The empire’s place was taken by a slew of independent states, most of which have since enjoyed stable borders and have for the most part lived peacefully alongside their neighbours.

…

So, is the modern era one of mindless slaughter, war and oppression, typified by the trenches of World War One, the nuclear mushroom cloud over Hiroshima and the gory manias of Hitler and Stalin? Or is it an era of peace, epitomised by the trenches never dug in South America, the mushroom clouds that never appeared over Moscow and New York, and the serene visages of Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King? The answer is a matter of timing. It is sobering to realise how often our view of the past is distorted by events of the last few years. If this chapter had been written in 1945 or 1962, it would probably have been much more glum. Since it was written in 2014, it takes a relatively buoyant approach to modern history.

The Gifted Adult: A Revolutionary Guide for Liberating Everyday Genius(tm) by Mary-Elaine Jacobsen

Abraham Maslow, Albert Einstein, do what you love, fear of failure, impulse control, Isaac Newton, Mahatma Gandhi, out of africa, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Feynman, Stanford marshmallow experiment, Stephen Hawking, urban sprawl, Vision Fund, Walter Mischel

Linguistic intelligence: A proficient and easy use of words and sensitivity to phrasing and the rhythm of language in poetry, song lyrics, and persuasive speaking, as with poet Walt Whitman, Nobel laureate Toni Morrison, musical wordsmith Bob Dylan, evangelist Billy Graham, and congressional orator Barbara Jordan Musical intelligence: A special sensitivity to tempo, pitch, timbre, and tone, and an ability to create and express musical arrangements that correspond to emotional experience, as in great composers, singers, and musicians such as conductor Arturo Toscanini, violinist Jascha Heifetz, legendary jazz composer Duke Ellington, and operatic diva Maria Callas Logical-mathematical intelligence: Powers of inductive and deductive reasoning in handling abstract relationship and predictions based on numbers and equations, so obvious in eminent economist John Kenneth Galbraith, the Harvard professor who administered the system of price controls during World War II; physicist Robert Goddard, father of modern space rocketry; statistician George Gallup, whose polls quantified public opinion; Arno Penzias, the Nobel laureate who confirmed the fabled big-bang theory of creation and pioneered new computer logic; and Lise Meitner, who coined the term “atomic fission” and solved extraordinary mathematical puzzles in her 1930s experiments with barium emission Spatial intelligence: The ability to visualize objects in the mind and transfer the information to something concrete, such as designing an airplane or laying out a movie set, as visible in phenoms such as Walt Disney; William Mulholland, the self-taught engineer whose photographic memory and “ditchdigger” genius developed the Los Angeles aqueduct system in the early 1900s; Howard Roark, the architect character in Ayn Rand’s The Fountainhead; and painter and sculptor Pablo Picasso Bodily (kinesthetic) intelligence: Exceptional body control and refined motion that permits skillful expression of ideas and feelings through movement, as with Martha Graham’s poignant choreography and dance, Michael Jordan’s superstar athleticism, and the classic slapstick antics of Charlie Chaplin Interpersonal intelligence: Advanced understanding of human relations and management of feelings, as in the revolutionary insights of Carl Jung, Clara Barton, Eleanor Roosevelt, Nobel laureate Martin Luther King Jr., and Mourning Dove, who possessed the spirit to chronicle her people’s honored traditions both as a folklorist and novelist Intrapersonal intelligence: A sharp understanding of one’s inner landscape, motivations, emotions, needs, and goals, as with Herman Hesse, Sigmund Freud, Mahatma Gandhi, Thomas Merton, and Ingmar Bergman Naturalist intelligence: A special ability to grasp the intricate workings and relationships within nature; an instinctive reverence for a connection with animals, plants, minerals, ocean, sky, desert, and mountain, as in Henry David Thoreau; John Muir, founder of the Sierra Club, who at age sixty-eight began a campaign to preserve the Yosemite Valley; and Isak Dinesen, whose years as a farmer on an East African highlands coffee plantation inspired her to write her celebrated memoir Out of Africa From this standpoint, hip-hop kids might be perceived as masters of musical, linguistic, and kinesthetic intelligences.

…

Personal experience is not the only value of intensity. Some experts in the area of leadership believe so-called dramatic individuals make the best leaders. They are charismatic models of loyalty to a cause who demonstrate unwavering commitment. One of our most valuable gifts is the ability to stir up enthusiasm in others. Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Eleanor Roosevelt took the moral high ground and relied on emotional response to fuel their campaigns for justice. Without our having an emotional response to them, our experiences are just commonplace experiences, and we in particular are equipped for what Maslow called “peak” experiences.

The Speech: The Story Behind Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. S Dream by Gary Younge

affirmative action, Albert Einstein, Berlin Wall, cuban missile crisis, desegregation, immigration reform, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, Norman Mailer, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, urban decay, W. E. B. Du Bois, War on Poverty, white flight

It solves no social problem: it merely creates new and more complicated ones.” When Obama accepted his own Nobel Prize in 2009, he insisted: “There will be times when nations—acting individually or in concert—will find the use of force not only necessary but morally justified.” Obama went on to distinguish himself from King and Mahatma Gandhi in terms of the different roles they played within the polity. I make this statement mindful of what Martin Luther King Jr. said in this same ceremony years ago. . . . But as a head of state sworn to protect and defend my nation, I cannot be guided by their examples alone. I face the world as it is, and cannot stand idle in the face of threats to the American people.

The Rich and the Rest of Us by Tavis Smiley

"there is no alternative" (TINA), affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, An Inconvenient Truth, back-to-the-land, benefit corporation, Bernie Madoff, Bernie Sanders, Buckminster Fuller, Corrections Corporation of America, Credit Default Swap, death of newspapers, deindustrialization, ending welfare as we know it, F. W. de Klerk, fixed income, full employment, housing crisis, Howard Zinn, income inequality, job automation, liberation theology, Mahatma Gandhi, mass incarceration, mega-rich, military-industrial complex, Nelson Mandela, new economy, obamacare, Occupy movement, plutocrats, profit motive, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Steve Jobs, traffic fines, trickle-down economics, War on Poverty, We are the 99%, white flight, women in the workforce, working poor

This is what Dorothy Day had in mind when she embodied a dark and dangerous love. This is what Nelson Mandela had in mind when he opted for justice over revenge. This is what Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel had in mind when he spoke of the compassion of the Hebrew prophets. This is what Mahmoud Mohamed Taha had in mind when he preached of the mercy of Allah. This is what Mahatma Gandhi had in mind when he lived the loving soul force he talked about. This is what that first-century Palestinian Jew named Jesus had in mind when he commanded us to love our neighbor as ourselves. Lest we mislead you, this is not only about a loving heart; rather, it is also about finding loving social (structural and institutional) alternatives to the nightmare of poverty that can be the dawning of a new day for poor people everywhere.

The Naked Presenter: Delivering Powerful Presentations With or Without Slides by Garr Reynolds

death from overwork, deliberate practice, fear of failure, Hans Rosling, index card, Kaizen: continuous improvement, karōshi / gwarosa / guolaosi, Mahatma Gandhi, Maui Hawaii, mirror neurons, Richard Feynman, Silicon Valley, Steve Jobs, TED Talk

In a presentation or meeting, we cannot control others, but we can work to remain balanced and steady. As Daisetsu Suzuki said, “There is harmony in our activity, and where there is harmony there is calmness.” (Images in slides from iStockphoto.) Chapter 6 End with a Powerful Finish 179 Wow! eBook <WoweBook.Com> My life is my message. — Mahatma Gandhi 180 The Naked Presenter Wow! eBook <WoweBook.Com> In Sum tWhen your ideas and energy are transferred to others and cause them to make a change, we can say that your message has resonance. However, sustaining a connection until the end of a presentation and delivering a powerful finish requires that you understand your audience well. tThe ideas and messages that stick best contain six common elements: Simplicity, Unexpectedness, Concreteness, Credibility, Emotions, and Stories.

The Dhandho Investor: The Low-Risk Value Method to High Returns by Mohnish Pabrai

asset allocation, backtesting, beat the dealer, Black-Scholes formula, book value, business intelligence, call centre, cuban missile crisis, discounted cash flows, Edward Thorp, Exxon Valdez, fixed income, hiring and firing, index fund, inventory management, John Bogle, Mahatma Gandhi, merger arbitrage, passive investing, price mechanism, Silicon Valley, time value of money, transaction costs, two and twenty, zero-sum game

I owe my thanks to each and every one of you. Chapter 1 Patel Motel Dhandho Asian Indians make up about 1 percent of the population of the United States—about three million people. Of these three million, a relatively small subsection is from the Indian state of Gujarat—the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi. And a very small subsection of Gujaratis, the Patels, are from a tiny area in Southern Gujarat. Less than one in five hundred Americans is a Patel. It is thus amazing that over half of all the motels in the entire country are owned and operated by Patels. What is even more stunning is that there were virtually no Patels in the United States just 35 years ago.

The Future We Choose: Surviving the Climate Crisis by Christiana Figueres, Tom Rivett-Carnac

3D printing, Airbnb, AlphaGo, Anthropocene, autonomous vehicles, Berlin Wall, biodiversity loss, carbon footprint, circular economy, clean water, David Attenborough, decarbonisation, DeepMind, dematerialisation, Demis Hassabis, disinformation, Donald Trump, driverless car, en.wikipedia.org, Extinction Rebellion, F. W. de Klerk, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Gail Bradbrook, General Motors Futurama, green new deal, Greta Thunberg, high-speed rail, income inequality, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, Jeff Bezos, job automation, Lyft, Mahatma Gandhi, Marc Benioff, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, Mustafa Suleyman, Nelson Mandela, new economy, ocean acidification, plant based meat, post-truth, rewilding, ride hailing / ride sharing, self-driving car, smart grid, sovereign wealth fund, the scientific method, trade route, uber lyft, urban planning, urban sprawl, Yogi Berra

As we learned during our stewardship of the Paris Agreement, if you do not control the complex landscape of a challenge (and you rarely do), the most powerful thing you can do is change how you behave in that landscape, yourself a catalyst for overall change. All too often in the face of a task, we move quickly to “doing” without first reflecting on “being”—what we personally bring to the task, as well as what others might. And the most important thing we can bring is our state of mind. Mahatma Gandhi reminds us to be the change we want to see. The actions we pursue are largely defined by the mindset we cultivate in advance of the doing. When we’re faced with an urgent task, it may feel counterintuitive to first look inside ourselves, but it is essential. Attempting change while we are informed by the same state of mind that has been predominant in the past will lead to insufficient incremental advances.

The Naked Eye: How the Revolution of Laser Surgery Has Unshackled the Human Eye by Gerard Sutton, Michael Lawless

Isaac Newton, John Gilmore, Lao Tzu, Mahatma Gandhi, microplastics / micro fibres, Nelson Mandela

I wish I had never worn… … leather pants.. I was at a Year 11 party totally convinced I looked very groovy, but after a barrage of unflattering comments from males and females I never wore them again. If you could invite five people from history to a barbecue at your place, who would they be, and why? I would like to have Mahatma Gandhi there because I believe he was one of the greatest figures of the 20th century. Gandhi somehow combined the spiritual side of life with politics and then created a revolution by non-violent means. My second guest would be Ben Chifley. He is probably the closest we have ever come, in this country, to having a Prime Minister who was genuinely a man of the people.

Rethinking Islamism: The Ideology of the New Terror by Meghnad Desai

Ayatollah Khomeini, battle of ideas, Berlin Wall, Dr. Strangelove, full employment, global village, illegal immigration, income per capita, invisible hand, liberal capitalism, liberation theology, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Wolf, means of production, Meghnad Desai, Nelson Mandela, oil shock, purchasing power parity, Ronald Reagan, structural adjustment programs, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Timothy McVeigh, Yom Kippur War

.฀ There฀ was฀ a฀ move฀ to฀ divest฀ the฀ sultan฀ of฀ his฀ caliphate฀ and฀the฀caliphate฀was฀given฀to฀the฀sharif฀of฀Mecca,฀thus฀separating฀ for฀ the฀ first฀ time฀ the฀ caliphate฀ from฀ the฀ supreme฀ Muslim฀ ruler,฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ / causing฀some฀consternation฀among฀the฀faithful฀everywhere.฀There฀ was฀an฀agitation฀in฀India฀which฀was฀led฀by฀Mahatma฀Gandhi฀and฀ the฀ leaders฀ of฀ the฀ Muslim฀ community฀ in฀ India฀ –฀ Mohammad฀ Ali฀ and฀ Shaukat฀ Ali฀ –฀ to฀ stop฀ the฀ British฀ from฀ interfering฀ with฀ this฀ valuable฀heritage฀of฀Islam.฀The฀Khilafat฀agitation,฀as฀it฀was฀called฀ proved฀to฀be฀futile.฀Hussein,฀the฀sharif฀of฀Mecca฀who฀had฀betrayed฀ the฀sultan฀and฀become฀the฀new฀caliph,฀was฀defeated฀by฀the฀Saudi฀ family฀ who฀ did฀ not฀ take฀ up฀ the฀ caliphate฀ themselves.฀ The฀ sultan฀ was฀ overthrown,฀ and฀ a฀ republic฀ was฀ established฀ in฀ .฀ Kemal฀ Atatürk฀ was฀ a฀ moderniser,฀ and฀ he฀ decreed฀ a฀ secular฀ state฀ for฀ Turkey,฀as฀the฀remainder฀of฀the฀Ottoman฀Empire฀was฀to฀be฀called.฀ Far฀from฀the฀British฀interfering฀with฀the฀caliphate,฀it฀was฀Atatürk฀ who฀abolished฀it.

Lint by Steve Aylett

Day of the Dead, death of newspapers, Dr. Strangelove, Mahatma Gandhi, Norman Mailer, rolodex, Schrödinger's Cat

Roosevelt entirely, turning left in midair and hurtling to Vienna, where it connected with Engelbert Dollfuss, chancellor of Austria. The ricochet pattern continued as the round crossed the pond again to the outskirts of Mexico City, where it bounced cleanly in and out of Leon Trotsky’s skull, circling the globe to weave three wounds through Mahatma Gandhi and kill Liaquat Ali Khan, first prime minister of Pakistan, in Rawalpindi; narrowly missing Harry S. Truman in Washington, it fatally wounded Anastasio Somoza, president of Nicaragua, Carlos Castillo Armas, president of Guatemala, and Prime Minister Solomon Bandaranaike outside 3/18/05 3:57 PM Page 101 LINT Lint’s Magic Bullet (from Rigor Mortis). 02.ch11-20.lint 101 02.ch11-20.lint 102 3/18/05 3:57 PM Page 102 STEVE AYLETT his home in Sri Lanka—then set a course for the face of Dr.

A Short History of Progress by Ronald Wright

Albert Einstein, Atahualpa, Bretton Woods, British Empire, clean water, Columbian Exchange, cuban missile crisis, Easter island, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Haber-Bosch Process, Hernando de Soto, invention of agriculture, It's morning again in America, James Watt: steam engine, Jane Jacobs, land reform, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, nuclear winter, out of africa, Parkinson's law, post-war consensus, precautionary principle, Ronald Reagan, technological determinism, Thomas Malthus, urban sprawl

Nowadays, Washington claims to lead and safeguard “the civilized world,” a tradition in American rhetoric that began with the uprooting and exterminating of that country’s first inhabitants.5 The Roman circus, the Aztec sacrifices, the Inquisition bonfires, the Nazi death camps — all have been the work of highly civilized societies.6 In the twentieth century alone, at least 100 million people, mostly civilians, died in wars.7 Savages have done no worse. At the gates of the Colosseum and the concentration camp, we have no choice but to abandon hope that civilization is, in itself, a guarantor of moral progress. When Mahatma Gandhi came to England in the 1930s for talks on Indian self-rule, a reporter asked him what he thought of Western civilization. Gandhi, who had just visited the London slums, replied: “I think it would be a very good idea.”8 If I sound at times rather hard on civilization, this is because, like Gandhi, I would like it to fulfill its promise and succeed.

Why Orwell Matters by Christopher Hitchens

anti-communist, British Empire, colonial rule, deindustrialization, Etonian, hiring and firing, land reform, Louis Pasteur, Mahatma Gandhi, military-industrial complex, Nelson Mandela, Norman Mailer, nuclear winter, public intellectual, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, sensible shoes

If Lenin had not uttered the maxim ‘the heart on fire and the brain on ice’, it might have suited Orwell, whose passion and generosity were rivalled only by his detachment and reserve. Sir Victor Pritchett, as he later became, was among many to have configured Orwell as among the ‘saints’, albeit a secular member of that communion. Again we are confronted with spareness and the spectre of self-denial, instead of with the profane and humorous writer who said — of Mahatma Gandhi — that saints are always to be adjudged guilty until proven innocent. Speaking of another celebrated supposed Puritan, Thomas Carlyle wrote of his Cromwell that he had had to drag him out from under a mound of dead logs and offal before being able to set him up as a figure worthy of biography.

Pocket London Travel Guide by Lonely Planet

Boris Johnson, British Empire, congestion charging, death from overwork, G4S, Isaac Newton, Mahatma Gandhi, Skype

Don’t Miss Great Court Covered with a spectacular glass-and-steel roof designed by Norman Foster in 2000, the Great Court is the largest covered public square in Europe. In its centre is the world-famous Reading Room, formerly the British Library, which has been frequented by all the big brains of history, from Mahatma Gandhi to Karl Marx. Ancient Egypt The star of the show at the British Museum is the Ancient Egypt collection. It comprises sculptures, fine jewellery, papyrus texts, coffins and mummies, including the beautiful and intriguing Mummy of Katebet (room 63). Perhaps the most prized item in the collection is the Rosetta Stone (room 4), the key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics.

How Will You Measure Your Life? by Christensen, Clayton M., Dillon, Karen, Allworth, James

air freight, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Clayton Christensen, disruptive innovation, hiring and firing, invisible hand, Iridium satellite, job satisfaction, late fees, Mahatma Gandhi, Nick Leeson, Silicon Valley, Skype, Steve Jobs, working poor, young professional

When that is in place, however, then how the company gets there is typically emergent—as opportunities and challenges emerge and are pursued. The greatest corporate leaders are conscious of the power of purpose in helping their companies make their mark on the world. The same is true for leaders outside of the business sphere, too. People who have led movements for change, such as Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and the Dalai Lama, have had an extraordinarily clear sense of purpose. So, too, have social organizations that have fought to make the world a better place, such as Médecins Sans Frontiers, the World Wildlife Fund, and Amnesty International. But the world did not “deliver” a cogent and rewarding purpose to them.

The World as It Is: A Memoir of the Obama White House by Ben Rhodes

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, agricultural Revolution, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Boris Johnson, Brexit referendum, British Empire, centre right, cuban missile crisis, David Brooks, demand response, different worldview, disinformation, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Donald Trump, drone strike, Edward Snowden, eurozone crisis, F. W. de Klerk, fake news, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Ferguson, Missouri, illegal immigration, intangible asset, Mahatma Gandhi, Mohammed Bouazizi, Nelson Mandela, no-fly zone, Paris climate accords, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan: Tear down this wall, Silicon Valley, Skype, South China Sea, Steve Bannon, trickle-down economics, uranium enrichment, WikiLeaks

* * * — A WEEK AFTER ESCALATING the war in Afghanistan, Obama flew to Oslo to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. To help him prepare the remarks he’d give at the ceremony, Obama had asked Jon Favreau and me to give him a selection of speeches and essays about war—John F. Kennedy speaking about the nature of peace and calling for a nuclear test ban treaty; Churchill, Roosevelt, and Lincoln at war; Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Reinhold Niebuhr. The two of us sat together and drafted a speech that mainly dealt with the tension of his getting the award at the beginning of his presidency. We sent it in to Obama and heard nothing back until ten on the morning we were going to board the plane for Oslo.

…

This created a strange discordance between the somber bubble we traveled within and the enthusiasm outside it. I packed the schedule—Barack and Michelle Obama dancing with schoolchildren in Mumbai; Obama holding a town hall meeting with students; the first African American president paying tribute to Mahatma Gandhi in Delhi; Obama, the man who lived in Indonesia as a child, delighting a crowd with phrases in Indonesian. Those were always my favorite moments on trips—moments that connect a president to people in other countries, when people didn’t just see Obama but felt seen by him. I thought the trip was going great, but he was tired and increasingly cranky; much of our press was waiting to write that the world was souring on Obama just like the electorate back home.

Affluenza: When Too Much Is Never Enough by Clive Hamilton, Richard Denniss

call centre, death from overwork, delayed gratification, experimental subject, full employment, hedonic treadmill, impulse control, karōshi / gwarosa / guolaosi, low interest rates, Mahatma Gandhi, McMansion, mega-rich, Naomi Klein, Own Your Own Home, post-materialism, post-work, purchasing power parity, retail therapy, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thorstein Veblen, trickle-down economics, wage slave, work culture

It is hard to avoid the conclusion, however, that much of this hostility betrays a dogin-the-manger attitude: ‘If I am stuck in a life of worries, stresses and overwork, everyone else should be too’. Growing numbers of Australians are deciding they will no longer allow such a view to determine their lives. 177 Chapter 11 A new politics First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win. ——Mahatma Gandhi The affluenza spiral The argument of this book can be summarised quite simply. Since the early 1990s Australia has been infected by affluenza, a growing and unhealthy preoccupation with money and material things. This illness is constantly reinforcing itself at both the individual and the social levels, constraining us to derive our identities and sense of place in the world through our consumption activity.

Seriously Curious: The Facts and Figures That Turn Our World Upside Down by Tom Standage

"World Economic Forum" Davos, agricultural Revolution, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, Big Tech, blood diamond, business logic, corporate governance, CRISPR, deep learning, Deng Xiaoping, Donald Trump, Dr. Strangelove, driverless car, Elon Musk, failed state, financial independence, gender pay gap, gig economy, Gini coefficient, high net worth, high-speed rail, income inequality, index fund, industrial robot, Internet of things, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, job-hopping, Julian Assange, life extension, Lyft, M-Pesa, Mahatma Gandhi, manufacturing employment, mega-rich, megacity, Minecraft, mobile money, natural language processing, Nelson Mandela, plutocrats, post-truth, price mechanism, private spaceflight, prosperity theology / prosperity gospel / gospel of success, purchasing power parity, ransomware, reshoring, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Coase, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, South China Sea, speech recognition, stem cell, supply-chain management, transaction costs, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, undersea cable, US Airways Flight 1549, WikiLeaks, zoonotic diseases

Almost 44m children under five, says the bank, have stunted growth, and every year more than 300,000 die from diarrheal diseases. What can India do to change this grim reality? In 2014 the government pledged to end open defecation by 2019. That year marks the 150th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi, who considered sanitation to be sacred and “more important than political freedom”. Authorities have set aside $29bn for the nationwide programme, which claims to have constructed 49m household toilets to date, with another 61m still to go. Families get 12,000 rupees ($187) to build a toilet.

Slouching Towards Bethlehem by Joan Didion

Charles Lindbergh, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Donner party, Dr. Strangelove, East Village, Golden Gate Park, Haight Ashbury, Joan Didion, Khartoum Gordon, Mahatma Gandhi, Marshall McLuhan, Maui Hawaii, profit motive, sealed-bid auction

Four days a week, Miss Baez and her fifteen students meet at the school for lunch: potato salad, Kool-Aid, and hot dogs broiled on a portable barbecue. After lunch they do ballet exercises to Beatles records, and after that they sit around on the bare floor beneath a photomural of Cypress Point and discuss their reading: Gandhi on Nonviolence, Louis Fischer’s Life of Mahatma Gandhi, Jerome Frank’s Breaking the Thought Barrier, Thoreau’s On Civil Disobedience, Krishnamurti’s The First and Last Freedom and Think on These Things, C. Wright Mills’s The Power Elite, Huxley’s Ends and Means, and Marshall McLuhan’s Understanding Media. On the fifth day, they meet as usual but spend the afternoon in total silence, which involves not only not talking but also not reading, not writing, and not smoking.

Eyewitness Top 10 Los Angeles by Catherine Gerber

Berlin Wall, centre right, City Beautiful movement, clean water, East Village, Frank Gehry, haute couture, machine readable, Mahatma Gandhi, Ronald Reagan, transcontinental railway

A nostalgic curiosity is the Camera Obscura inside a seniors’ center. d Map C3 • Ocean end of Fuller St off Franklin Ave • 323-6665046 • Open until sunset (avoid after dark) Fellowship ) Self-realization Lake Shrine Bathed in an ambience of beauty and serenity, this hidden sanctuary was created in 1950 by Paramahansa Yogananda, an Indian-born spiritual leader. Wander over to the shrine to Mahatma Gandhi or the spring-fed lake, meditate inside a recreated 16th-century windmill, or study the Court of Religions that honors all of the world’s major religions. d Map B3 Ave between Santa Monica Pier & San Vincente Blvd • Open any time • Free D. Murphy * Franklin Sculpture Garden Tucked away in the northeastern corner of the UCLA campus, this delightful little oasis is dotted • 17190 Sunset Blvd • 310-454-4114 • Open 9am–4:30pm Tue–Sat, 12:30–4:30pm Sun • Free • www.yogananda-srf.org ( $ < 3DVDGHQD $/ ( (* )5 (( : 'RZQWRZQ $< 5 ( ( : $< (: $< 6 &MZTJBO 3 $ 1BSL NJMFT ( )5 2 1$ ' , %HYHUO\ +LOOV : , / 6+ , 5 ( % /9 ' ( 6 $ 1 7$ 0 2 1 , & $ % /9 ' :HVWZRRG 6 $ 1 7$ 0 2 1 , & $ ) * /( 1 ' ) 5 6$1 %UHQWZRRG (: +ROO\ZRRG *OHQGDOH 2' %HO$LU 7RSDQJD (SJGmUI 1BSL $' 2 :HVW +ROO\ZRRG 5PQBOHB 4UBUF1BSL 4BOUB.POJDB #BZ /< : ): < + 2/ 08/+2//$1''5 Los Angeles Top 10 with 70 sculptures by some of the greatest 19th- and 20thcentury European and American artists, Auguste Rodin and Alexander Calder among them.

Countdown: Our Last, Best Hope for a Future on Earth? by Alan Weisman

air freight, Albert Einstein, Anthropocene, anti-communist, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, biodiversity loss, Bretton Woods, British Empire, call centre, carbon footprint, clean water, colonial rule, David Attenborough, degrowth, demographic transition, Deng Xiaoping, Edward Jenner, El Camino Real, epigenetics, Filipino sailors, Garrett Hardin, Great Leap Forward, Haber-Bosch Process, happiness index / gross national happiness, haute couture, housing crisis, ice-free Arctic, Ignaz Semmelweis: hand washing, illegal immigration, immigration reform, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), land reform, liberation theology, load shedding, Louis Pasteur, Mahatma Gandhi, Mahbub ul Haq, megacity, Menlo Park, Michael Shellenberger, microdosing, Money creation, new economy, ocean acidification, oil shale / tar sands, out of africa, Pearl River Delta, planetary scale, Ponzi scheme, race to the bottom, rolling blackouts, Ronald Reagan, Satyajit Das, Seymour Hersh, Silicon Valley, South China Sea, stem cell, Stephen Hawking, Stewart Brand, unemployed young men, upwardly mobile, urban sprawl, Whole Earth Catalog, WikiLeaks

Many of these urban warlords descend from the original farming families when Lyari was a village, long before Britain decided to build a major warm-water port on the Arabian Sea near a small fishing enclave called Kolachi, in what was then part of India. As the two villages grew and merged, farmers opened shops, consolidated, became community fixers, made land deals, and became powerful in a city where laws were scorned under colonial rule, and now exist mainly on paper. British rule in India ended in 1947, a triumph for Mahatma Gandhi’s gentle civil disobedience. But Muslims who feared living under a Hindu majority demanded independence, and Pakistan was born in two Muslim majority regions cleaved from eastern and western India. With its two halves separated by a thousand miles, governance in Pakistan was weakened from the start, and the division couldn’t last.

…

Outside the mental health shelter for women that she founded in 1985, a leaden sky signals the gathering monsoon. The storm that Sugathakumari fears, however, is one that has rained in from the Persian Gulf, flooding the streets of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala’s capital—with capital. This once-serene city that Mahatma Gandhi praised for its jungle-like lushness is now a cacophony of relentless commerce, much of it involving jewelry and surprising numbers of expensive cars. It began with Kerala’s Muslims, once its poorest community. The decay of Kerala’s economy coincided with the rise of Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Doha, and the other Arab petro-capitals.

The Joys of Compounding: The Passionate Pursuit of Lifelong Learning, Revised and Updated by Gautam Baid

Abraham Maslow, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, Alvin Toffler, Andrei Shleifer, asset allocation, Atul Gawande, availability heuristic, backtesting, barriers to entry, beat the dealer, Benoit Mandelbrot, Bernie Madoff, bitcoin, Black Swan, book value, business process, buy and hold, Cal Newport, Cass Sunstein, Checklist Manifesto, Clayton Christensen, cognitive dissonance, collapse of Lehman Brothers, commoditize, corporate governance, correlation does not imply causation, creative destruction, cryptocurrency, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, deep learning, delayed gratification, deliberate practice, discounted cash flows, disintermediation, disruptive innovation, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, diversification, diversified portfolio, dividend-yielding stocks, do what you love, Dunning–Kruger effect, Edward Thorp, Elon Musk, equity risk premium, Everything should be made as simple as possible, fear index, financial independence, financial innovation, fixed income, follow your passion, framing effect, George Santayana, Hans Rosling, hedonic treadmill, Henry Singleton, hindsight bias, Hyman Minsky, index fund, intangible asset, invention of the wheel, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, it is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends on his not understanding it, Jeff Bezos, John Bogle, Joseph Schumpeter, junk bonds, Kaizen: continuous improvement, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, Lao Tzu, Long Term Capital Management, loss aversion, Louis Pasteur, low interest rates, Mahatma Gandhi, mandelbrot fractal, margin call, Mark Zuckerberg, Market Wizards by Jack D. Schwager, Masayoshi Son, mental accounting, Milgram experiment, moral hazard, Nate Silver, Network effects, Nicholas Carr, offshore financial centre, oil shock, passive income, passive investing, pattern recognition, Peter Thiel, Ponzi scheme, power law, price anchoring, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ray Kurzweil, Reminiscences of a Stock Operator, reserve currency, Richard Feynman, Richard Thaler, risk free rate, risk-adjusted returns, Robert Shiller, Savings and loan crisis, search costs, shareholder value, six sigma, software as a service, software is eating the world, South Sea Bubble, special economic zone, Stanford marshmallow experiment, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Steven Pinker, stocks for the long run, subscription business, sunk-cost fallacy, systems thinking, tail risk, Teledyne, the market place, The Signal and the Noise by Nate Silver, The Wisdom of Crowds, time value of money, transaction costs, tulip mania, Upton Sinclair, Walter Mischel, wealth creators, Yogi Berra, zero-sum game

Have you, over time, piled up loads of defunct, useless stuff on your office desk or at your home? I urge you to simplify. Clearing the clutter from the various aspects of our lives reduces decision fatigue and sharpens our focus on what we really want to achieve. There is no path to peace. Peace is the path. —Mahatma Gandhi Minimalism in life isn’t a destination to reach, it is the path to follow. Practicing and adopting minimalism as a way of life is simple. It’s simple but not easy. You cannot become a minimalist overnight. But, as Lao Tzu said, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” The parable of the Mexican fisherman and the American banker is one of my favorite stories and contains an important life lesson.

…

Instead, always endeavor to become a better version of yourself compared to what you were the previous day. Anybody who is doing all of these things is most likely going to succeed in his or her pursuit in life. This is exactly what Buffett meant when he said, “Games are won by players who focus on the field, not the ones looking at the scoreboard.”23 Mahatma Gandhi described compounding in all its glory when he said these words: “Your beliefs become your thoughts. Your thoughts become your words. Your words become your actions. Your actions become your habits. Your habits become your values. Your values become your destiny.” It all starts with one small belief, one small thought, one small word, one small action, one small habit, one small value.

Puzzling People: The Labyrinth of the Psychopath by Thomas Sheridan

airport security, carbon footprint, corporate governance, double helix, Great Leap Forward, Haight Ashbury, Kickstarter, Mahatma Gandhi, Milgram experiment, military-industrial complex, quantitative easing, Rosa Parks, Ted Kaczynski

Many of these ‘celebrity’ scientists who may have expertise in one discipline, are increasingly being called upon by mass media/governments to give their viewpoints on non-scientific issues and often with the most bizarre results – such as when Michio Kaku made the incredible and disgraceful accusation during a TV interview that people who question authority and the status quo are ‘terrorists’. Mahatma Gandhi, Rosa Parks, Crazy Horse, Monet and the Impressionists, Steve Biko, Mozart, John F. Kennedy, Lech Walesa and indeed Galileo Galilei would be deemed ‘terrorists’ using Michio Kaku’s yardstick to quantify who is and isn’t a danger to the status quo, yet the mainstream media let him get away with these shocking comments because they agree wholeheartedly with them.

The Biology of Belief: Unleashing the Power of Consciousness, Matter & Miracles by Bruce H. Lipton

Albert Einstein, Benoit Mandelbrot, Boeing 747, correlation does not imply causation, data science, discovery of DNA, double helix, Drosophila, epigenetics, Isaac Newton, Mahatma Gandhi, mandelbrot fractal, Mars Rover, nocebo, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, phenotype, placebo effect, randomized controlled trial, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), stem cell, sugar pill

Before we leave this chapter, I’d just like to emphasize again that not only is there nothing wrong with going through life wearing the proverbial rose-colored glasses. In fact, those rose-colored glasses are necessary for your cells to thrive. Positive thoughts are a biological mandate for a happy, healthy life. In the words of Mahatma Gandhi: Your beliefs become your thoughts Your thoughts become your words Your words become your actions Your actions become your habits Your habits become your values Your values become your destiny CHAPTER 6 GROWTH AND PROTECTION Evolution has provided us with lots of survival mechanisms.

Blueprint for Revolution: How to Use Rice Pudding, Lego Men, and Other Nonviolent Techniques to Galvanize Communities, Overthrow Dictators, or Simply Change the World by Srdja Popovic, Matthew Miller

Albert Einstein, Berlin Wall, British Empire, corporate governance, desegregation, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Jane Jacobs, Kibera, Kickstarter, Kinder Surprise, Mahatma Gandhi, McMansion, Mikhail Gorbachev, Mohammed Bouazizi, Nelson Mandela, Occupy movement, Rosa Parks, Twitter Arab Spring, urban planning, urban sprawl

“At the beginning of June 1961”: “ ‘I Am Prepared to Die’: Nelson Mandela’s Opening Statement from the Dock at the Opening of the Defence Case in the Rivonia Trial,” United Nations website for Nelson Mandela Day, www.​un.​org/​en/​events/​mandeladay/​court_​statement_​ 1964.​shtml. 2. the Spear launched almost two hundred attacks: Janet Cherry, Spear of the Nation (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2012), 23. 3. “We should have the ability to defend ourselves”: Mahatma Gandhi, The Essential Gandhi: An Anthology of His Writings on His Life, Work, and Ideas (New York: Vintage, 2002), 109. 4. In a stellar book: Erica Chenoweth and Maria J. Stephan, Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Con ict (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011). 5. “There is more power in socially organized masses”: Martin Luther King, Jr., The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr., vol. 5, Threshold of a New Decade, January 1959–December 1960, ed.

Let My People Go Surfing by Yvon Chouinard

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", air freight, business process, clean water, Donald Trump, Doomsday Book, Mahatma Gandhi, precautionary principle, pushing on a string, Ralph Waldo Emerson, rewilding, Rubik’s Cube, urban sprawl, work culture

For me, the solution to the world’s problems is easy: We have to take action, and if we can’t do it ourselves, we’ve got to dig into our pockets. The scariest moment is writing that first check, but you know what, the next day things go on: The phone still rings, there’s food on the table, and the world is a little bit better. As Mahatma Gandhi said, “You must be the change you wish to see in the world.” SUMMARY Dante once said that the hottest places in hell are reserved for those who in times of great moral crisis maintain their neutrality. —JOHN F. KENNEDY The Zen master would say if you want to change government, you have to aim at changing corporations, and if you want to change corporations, you first have to change the consumers.

Progress: Ten Reasons to Look Forward to the Future by Johan Norberg

agricultural Revolution, anti-communist, availability heuristic, Bartolomé de las Casas, Berlin Wall, bread and circuses, British Empire, business climate, carbon tax, classic study, clean water, continuation of politics by other means, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, demographic transition, desegregation, Donald Trump, Edward Jenner, Flynn Effect, germ theory of disease, Gini coefficient, Great Leap Forward, Gunnar Myrdal, Haber-Bosch Process, Hans Island, Hans Rosling, Ignaz Semmelweis: hand washing, income inequality, income per capita, indoor plumbing, Isaac Newton, Jane Jacobs, John Snow's cholera map, Kibera, Louis Pasteur, Mahatma Gandhi, meta-analysis, Mikhail Gorbachev, more computing power than Apollo, moveable type in China, Naomi Klein, Nelson Mandela, open economy, place-making, Rosa Parks, sexual politics, special economic zone, Steven Pinker, telerobotics, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, transatlantic slave trade, very high income, working poor, Xiaogang Anhui farmers, zero-sum game

But this did not deter him. He would go on to be jailed fourteen times, he would be stabbed, have his home blasted by a shotgun and bombed, and would see a motel where he stayed bombed too. Whatever happened he would carry on with a campaign of peaceful civil disobedience, inspired by Henry David Thoreau and Mahatma Gandhi, and explained that America was founded on the Jeffersonian ideal that all men are created equal, with the same inalienable rights, and this must include blacks. In the end, he would be assassinated. The movement’s calm and dignified protests, carried to all Americans’ living rooms thanks to a novelty, television, exposed the brutality of Southern mayors and sheriffs who ordered attacks on demonstrators and looked the other way when the Ku Klux Klan beat them up.

Wordslut: A Feminist Guide to Taking Back the English Language by Amanda Montell

Bernie Sanders, complexity theory, crowdsourcing, David Sedaris, Donald Trump, emotional labour, fake news, feminist movement, Mahatma Gandhi, pink-collar, pre–internet, Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, seminal paper, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, white picket fence

They hastily struck the stroganoff reference after a veritable shitstorm of criticism echoed throughout the press, lamenting the obit’s emphasis on Brill’s stereotypical embodiment of womanness (the food, the babies) rather than her intergalactic reputation. As book critic Edward Champion tweeted that week, the paper’s death notice of Mahatma Gandhi likely would not have read, “[He] made a great frittata, ironed some shirts, and took eight years off to catch up on Hardy Boys books.” I came across the problematic opening of Brill’s obit in college and it instantly piqued my interest, because it posed the challenging question: At the end of the day (or at the end of a life, as it were), what does the word woman truly represent?

The Little Black Book of Decision Making by Michael Nicholas

Abraham Maslow, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, Apollo 13, call centre, classic study, clockwork universe, cognitive dissonance, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, Donald Trump, Frederick Winslow Taylor, hindsight bias, impulse control, James Dyson, late fees, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Feynman, Richard Feynman: Challenger O-ring, scientific management, selection bias, Stephen Hawking

Decision-Making Principle #5 It is impossible to experience “reality”, or to be “objective”, because everything is processed unconsciously prior to awareness. By shifting our perception of “reality”, we will automatically start to make new choices. 6 Wired for Flight and Fight “The enemy is fear. We think it is hate; but it is really fear.” —Mahatma Gandhi If we are not the receivers of a fixed reality, but rather the shapers of it, what should we seek to shape in order to help us to improve our decision making? How do we need to learn to see the world and, given that perception is an inside-out process, what does our inner model need to look like to achieve this?

Shantaram: A Novel by Gregory David Roberts

Ayatollah Khomeini, British Empire, Burning Man, clean water, colonial rule, financial independence, friendly fire, invisible hand, Khyber Pass, Kickstarter, Louis Pasteur, Mahatma Gandhi, mandelbrot fractal, trade route, unemployed young men, Yom Kippur War

You must have it a good heads, to like these things, and you must be having a good hearts, to not like them too much. Like you, Linbaba. You are my good friend. I knew it very well, on that first day, when we were drinking the whisky, in your room. Now my Bombay, with your good heads and your good hearts, you will see it all.’ We were riding in a taxi along Mahatma Gandhi Road past Flora Fountain and towards Victoria Station. It was an hour before noon, and the swash of traffic that coursed through that stone canyon was swollen by large numbers of runners pushing tiffin carts. The runners collected lunches from homes and apartments, and placed them in tin cylinders called jalpaans, or tiffins.

…

Then I heard another voice, Prabaker’s voice, and I understood some of the words in his pleading, and his defiant abuse of them. He castigated the men for shaming their own country and their own people by beating and robbing a foreigner, a visitor to their country who’d done them no harm. It was a wild speech that called them cowards and invoked Mahatma Gandhi, Buddha, the god Krishna, Mother Theresa, and the Bollywood film star Amitabh Bachchan in the same sentence. It had an effect. The leader of the group came to squat near me. I tried through my drunken haze to stand and fight again, but the others pushed me down and held me on the ground. I know this … I know this … The man leaned over to look into my eyes.

…

The chillum I prepared was average strength for those of us who lived and worked on the streets of Bombay, but much stronger than they were accustomed to smoking. They were both stoned to sleep when I pulled the door of their hotel room closed, and walked on through dozy afternoon streets. I made my way along Mohammed Ali Road to Mahatma Gandhi Road and the Colaba Causeway. I could’ve taken a bus, or one of the many prowling taxis, but I loved the walk. I loved those kilometres from Chor bazaar, past Crawford Market, V.T. Station, Flora Fountain, the Fort area, Regal Circle, and on through Colaba to Sassoon Dock, the World Trade Centre, and the Back Bay.

When Cultures Collide: Leading Across Cultures by Richard D. Lewis

Ayatollah Khomeini, British Empire, business climate, business process, colonial exploitation, corporate governance, Easter island, global village, haute cuisine, hiring and firing, invention of writing, Kōnosuke Matsushita, lateral thinking, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, Nelson Mandela, new economy, oil shale / tar sands, old-boy network, open borders, profit maximization, profit motive, Scramble for Africa, Silicon Valley, trade route, transaction costs, upwardly mobile, urban sprawl, women in the workforce

Japanese samurai, in their allegiance to their lord, were faithful unto death and demonstrated that quality regularly, as indeed did the cavalry and foot soldiers of Napoleon Bonaparte. Great leaders captivated willing disciples through sheer charisma—Alexander the Great, Caesar, Tamerlane, Hernan Cortés, Simón Bolívar, Kemal Atatürk, Mahatma Gandhi, Winston Churchill, Chou-en-Lai and Nelson Mandela are a few who come to mind. In the modern era, business leaders have occasionally shown the charismatic and visionary leadership that attracts loyal followers; examples are Henry Ford, Akio Morita, Konosuke Matsushita and Richard Branson. Religion has also played a major role in mass-motivation throughout the historical era.

…

If treated with respect, they quickly put the past behind them, especially where good business is in the offing. Play the Indians at their own game: be reasonable, solicitous and flexible. The country has a magnificent history, which should be referred to and admired. Learn all the basic facts about Mahatma Gandhi and avoid confusing him with Indira and Rajiv Gandhi’s family, to which he was not related. A knowledge of Hinduism is also advisable, as is an awareness of the geography of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Indians emanate and expect warmth, respect and properness. Do not risk joking with them—they tend to take things seriously.

Imagining India by Nandan Nilekani

"World Economic Forum" Davos, addicted to oil, affirmative action, Airbus A320, BRICs, British Empire, business process, business process outsourcing, call centre, carbon credits, carbon tax, clean water, colonial rule, corporate governance, cuban missile crisis, deindustrialization, demographic dividend, demographic transition, Deng Xiaoping, digital map, distributed generation, electricity market, farmers can use mobile phones to check market prices, flag carrier, full employment, ghettoisation, glass ceiling, global supply chain, Hernando de Soto, income inequality, informal economy, information asymmetry, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), joint-stock company, knowledge economy, land reform, light touch regulation, LNG terminal, load shedding, low cost airline, Mahatma Gandhi, market fragmentation, mass immigration, Mikhail Gorbachev, Network effects, new economy, New Urbanism, open economy, Parag Khanna, pension reform, Potemkin village, price mechanism, public intellectual, race to the bottom, rent control, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, school vouchers, Silicon Valley, smart grid, special economic zone, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, Thomas Malthus, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, trickle-down economics, unemployed young men, upwardly mobile, urban planning, urban renewal, women in the workforce, working poor, working-age population

But the politicians supporting the “Bombay for Maharashtra” cause objected, saying that “everywhere the principle of language has been recognized, except in this one case.”12 In an effort to rescue the city from the linguistic battles, Nehru suggested that Bombay should become a separate, bilingual area directly administered by the central government, an idea supported by some Bombay politicians such as S. K. Patil. It was support they would soon regret. To put it mildly, the Maharashtrians did not welcome the idea. Mobs surged across the city’s streets, shouting, “Bombay is ours” and “Death to Nehru!” They smashed statues of Mahatma Gandhi—his identity as a Gujarati, in this period of mayhem, superseding that of national leader—and attacked Gujaratis across the state. The rioters tossed rocks and electric bulbs filled with acid—the latter a protest weapon of choice since the 1940s Calcutta riots—blockaded roads and railway lines and looted shops.

…

The ideology of the planned economy and its fascination with heavy industry that India favored paid little heed to the environment, as was already obvious in Stalin’s vision of “building an iron and cement brotherhood”3 and Mao’s exhortation to “transform and conquer nature . . . move mountains to build farmland.”4 It may not have helped that India’s most prominent environmentalist at this time was Mahatma Gandhi. His concern for sustainability was both visionary and central to his thinking, but his views, when juxtaposed with his village-industry model for the economy, seemed quaint in the eyes of other Indian leaders. Postindependent India as a result took a black-and-white approach toward the environment, sidelining these concerns in its quest for growth.cz An outcast in times of growth The world’s history of industry-led growth has not been a very presentable one.

The autobiography of Malcolm X by Malcolm X; Alex Haley

desegregation, fail fast, Gregor Mendel, index card, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, rent control, Rosa Parks, transatlantic slave trade, W. E. B. Du Bois

And I read the histories of various nations, which opened my eyes gradually, then wider and wider, to how the whole world's white men had indeed acted like devils, pillaging and raping and bleeding and draining the whole world's non-white people. I remember, for instance, books such as Will Durant's story of Oriental civilization, and Mahatma Gandhi's accounts of the struggle to drive the British out of India. Book after book showed me how the white man had brought upon the world's black, brown, red, and yellow peoples every variety of the sufferings of exploitation. I saw how since the sixteenth century, the so-called “Christian trader” white man began to ply the seas in his lust for Asian and African empires, and plunder, and power.

…

There had been _centuries_ of the worst kind of outrages against Southern black people-lynchings, rapings, shootings, beatings! But you know history has been triggered by trivial-seeming incidents. Once a little nobody Indian lawyer was put off a train, and fed up with injustice, he twisted a knot in the British Lion's tail. _His_ name was Mahatma Gandhi!” Or I might copy a trick I had seen lawyers use, both in life and on television. It was a way that lawyers would slip in before a jury something otherwise inadmissable. (Sometimes I think I really might have made it as a lawyer, as I once told that eighth-grade teacher in Mason, Michigan, I wanted to be, when he advised me to become a carpenter.)

Tribe of Mentors: Short Life Advice From the Best in the World by Timothy Ferriss

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 23andMe, A Pattern Language, agricultural Revolution, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, Alvin Toffler, Bayesian statistics, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, Black Swan, blockchain, Brownian motion, Buckminster Fuller, Clayton Christensen, cloud computing, cognitive dissonance, Colonization of Mars, corporate social responsibility, cryptocurrency, David Heinemeier Hansson, decentralized internet, dematerialisation, do well by doing good, do what you love, don't be evil, double helix, driverless car, effective altruism, Elon Musk, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, family office, fear of failure, Gary Taubes, Geoffrey West, Santa Fe Institute, global macro, Google Hangouts, Gödel, Escher, Bach, haute couture, helicopter parent, high net worth, In Cold Blood by Truman Capote, income inequality, index fund, information security, Jeff Bezos, job satisfaction, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Kevin Kelly, Lao Tzu, Larry Ellison, Law of Accelerating Returns, Lyft, Mahatma Gandhi, Marc Andreessen, Marc Benioff, Marshall McLuhan, Max Levchin, Mikhail Gorbachev, minimum viable product, move fast and break things, Mr. Money Mustache, Naomi Klein, Neal Stephenson, Nick Bostrom, non-fiction novel, Peter Thiel, power law, profit motive, public intellectual, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ray Kurzweil, Salesforce, Saturday Night Live, Sheryl Sandberg, side project, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, smart contracts, Snapchat, Snow Crash, Steve Jobs, Steve Jurvetson, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, sunk-cost fallacy, TaskRabbit, tech billionaire, TED Talk, Tesla Model S, too big to fail, Turing machine, uber lyft, Vitalik Buterin, W. E. B. Du Bois, web application, Whole Earth Catalog, Y Combinator

—John Gall “Whenever there is a hard job to be done, I assign it to a lazy man; he is sure to find an easy way of doing it.”—Walter Chrysler “Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted.”—William Bruce Cameron “You must be the change you wish to see in the world.”—Mahatma Gandhi “Most of the wonderful places in the world were not made by architects but by the people.”—Christopher Alexander “I notice increasing reluctance on the part of marketing executives to use judgment. They are coming to rely too much on research, and they use it as a drunkard uses a lamp post: for support, rather than for illumination.”

…

Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman: While reading this classic poetic ode to America and possibilities (“I am multitude!”) my gasket blew, and I became seized with an unstoppable urge to travel. I set the book down and bought a ticket to Asia. I roamed there, off and on, for eight years. It was my university. The Story of My Experiments with Truth by Mahatma Gandhi: This autobiography of Gandhi curiously led me to Jesus. Gandhi’s stance of radical honesty prompted me to attempt the same. It started my spiritual awakening. The Bible: Reading this all the way through, beginning to end, shattered all expectations I had of such a foundational text. It was weirder, stranger, more disturbing, and more powerful than I was led to believe.

The Man Who Knew Infinity: A Life of the Genius Ramanujan by Robert Kanigel

Albert Michelson, Arthur Eddington, Augustin-Louis Cauchy, British Empire, computer age, Copley Medal, creative destruction, Fellow of the Royal Society, Filipino sailors, Frederick Winslow Taylor, Gregor Mendel, Isaac Newton, Mahatma Gandhi, New Journalism, Norbert Wiener, Paul Erdős, the market place, upwardly mobile

The fact that Ramanujan’s early years were spent in a scientifically sterile atmosphere, that his life in India was not without hardships, that under circumstances that appeared to most Indians as nothing short of miraculous, he had gone to Cambridge, supported by eminent mathematicians, and had returned to India with every assurance that he would be considered, in time, as one of the most original mathematicians of the century—these facts were enough, more than enough, for aspiring young Indian students to break their bonds of intellectual confinement and perhaps soar the way that Ramanujan had. In the India of the 1920s, he would say at another time, “We were proud of Mahatma Gandhi, of Nehru, of [the Nobel Prize-winning poet Rabindranath] Tagore, of Ramanujan. We were proud of the fact that anything we could do would equate to anything else in the world.” Within Indian mathematics, of course, Ramanujan’s influence extended correspondingly deeper. “I think it is fair to say,” Chandrasekhar would observe, “that almost all the mathematicians who reached distinction during the three or four decades following Ramanujan were directly or indirectly inspired by his example.”

…

Ramachandra Rao arranged the cremation. P. K. Srinivasan, 88. officially recorded his death. The Hindu, 3 January 1988. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. See Kameshwar C. Wali, Chandra (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990). “I can still recall the gladness.” Andrews et al., 3. “We were proud of Mahatma Gandhi.” Muthiah, 6. “inspired by his example.” Andrews et al., 5. neglected his studies. S. R. Ranganathan, 20. “too deep for tears.” Letter, A. Ranganathan, 12 January 1981. Royal Society. “entirely under the control.” Letter, Lakshmi Narasimhan to Hardy, 29 April 1920. Trinity College. Death of Ramanujan’s father.

Bourgeois Dignity: Why Economics Can't Explain the Modern World by Deirdre N. McCloskey

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", Airbnb, Akira Okazaki, antiwork, behavioural economics, big-box store, Black Swan, book scanning, British Empire, business cycle, buy low sell high, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, classic study, clean water, Columbian Exchange, conceptual framework, correlation does not imply causation, Costa Concordia, creative destruction, critique of consumerism, crony capitalism, dark matter, Dava Sobel, David Graeber, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, deindustrialization, demographic transition, Deng Xiaoping, do well by doing good, Donald Trump, double entry bookkeeping, electricity market, en.wikipedia.org, epigenetics, Erik Brynjolfsson, experimental economics, Ferguson, Missouri, food desert, Ford Model T, fundamental attribution error, Garrett Hardin, Georg Cantor, George Akerlof, George Gilder, germ theory of disease, Gini coefficient, God and Mammon, Great Leap Forward, greed is good, Gunnar Myrdal, Hans Rosling, Henry Ford's grandson gave labor union leader Walter Reuther a tour of the company’s new, automated factory…, Hernando de Soto, immigration reform, income inequality, interchangeable parts, invention of agriculture, invention of writing, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, Islamic Golden Age, James Watt: steam engine, Jane Jacobs, John Harrison: Longitude, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Arrow, knowledge economy, labor-force participation, lake wobegon effect, land reform, liberation theology, lone genius, Lyft, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, means of production, middle-income trap, military-industrial complex, Naomi Klein, new economy, Nick Bostrom, North Sea oil, Occupy movement, open economy, out of africa, Pareto efficiency, Paul Samuelson, Pax Mongolica, Peace of Westphalia, peak oil, Peter Singer: altruism, Philip Mirowski, Pier Paolo Pasolini, pink-collar, plutocrats, positional goods, profit maximization, profit motive, public intellectual, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, refrigerator car, rent control, rent-seeking, Republic of Letters, road to serfdom, Robert Gordon, Robert Shiller, Ronald Coase, Scientific racism, Scramble for Africa, Second Machine Age, secular stagnation, seminal paper, Simon Kuznets, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, spinning jenny, stakhanovite, Steve Jobs, tacit knowledge, TED Talk, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, The Chicago School, The Market for Lemons, the rule of 72, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, total factor productivity, Toyota Production System, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, transatlantic slave trade, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, uber lyft, union organizing, very high income, wage slave, Washington Consensus, working poor, Yogi Berra

The hard-left Indian writer Pankaj Mishra lists in parallel with Hobsbawm the usual antigrowth claims: “the cultural homogeneity, or the other Trojan viruses—uneven development, environmental degradation—built into the West’s operating software. . . . [And] the harshest aspects of American-style capitalism: the truncation of public services, de-unionization, the fragmenting and lumpenization of urban working classes, plus the ruthless suppression of the rural poor.”5 Thus Mahatma Gandhi admired the foot-treadle sewing machine but viewed it as one of the few good innovations. No electricity or flush toilets. Stop growth now. The antigrowth left, with the antigrowth right, is mistaken. (It does not mistake, though, that the fruits of the Great Enrichment have made the proletariat into a petty bourgeoisie, lamentably uninterested in revolution, and in its vulgar way now able to enjoy the goods and services formerly available only to the better sort of people.

…

Not all of the recent uplifting, that is, can be accounted for by neoliberalization’s top two success stories, China and India. Yet China’s success since 1978 (from $1 a day, not alleviated by the ideal of a communist society advocated by Mao) and India’s since 1991 (from a similar level, not alleviated by the ideal of swadeshi, or self-suffiency, advocated by Mahatma Gandhi and Nehru and the later Gandhis) do constitute a powerful anti–antiglobalization and anti-anti-Friedman argument. In 2013, for example, the new premier of China, Li Keqiang, no political liberal, hinted that if a new eleven-square-mile free-trade zone in Shanghai, one of twelve in prospect, worked as well as we Friedmanites think it will, the idea would be extended to the other places.4 If the four countries other than India and China among the BRIICS—Brazil, Russia, Indonesia, and South Africa, the BRIS—would adopt the Friedmanite ideas applied with such enthusiasm in India and China, they too would experience India’s and China’s transformative rates of growth in real per-person income, ranging annually from 5 to 12 percent.

…

The economist Nimish Adhia has shown that the leading Bollywood films changed their heroes from the 1950s to the 1980s from bureaucrats to businesspeople, and their villains from factory owners to policemen, in parallel with a similar shift in the ratio of praise for trade-tested betterment in the editorial pages of the Times of India. Adhia quotes the leaders of an newly independent India. Mahatma Gandhi declared that “there is nothing more disgraceful to man than the principle ‘buy in the cheapest market and sell in the dearest.’” Nehru agreed: “Don’t talk to me about profit. Profit is a dirty word.”15 Did the change from hatred to admiration of trade-tested betterment make possible the Indian reforms after 1991?

Strategy: A History by Lawrence Freedman

Albert Einstein, anti-communist, Anton Chekhov, Ayatollah Khomeini, barriers to entry, battle of ideas, behavioural economics, Black Swan, Blue Ocean Strategy, British Empire, business process, butterfly effect, centre right, Charles Lindbergh, circulation of elites, cognitive dissonance, coherent worldview, collective bargaining, complexity theory, conceptual framework, Cornelius Vanderbilt, corporate raider, correlation does not imply causation, creative destruction, cuban missile crisis, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, defense in depth, desegregation, disinformation, Dr. Strangelove, Edward Lorenz: Chaos theory, en.wikipedia.org, endogenous growth, endowment effect, escalation ladder, Ford Model T, Ford paid five dollars a day, framing effect, Frederick Winslow Taylor, Gordon Gekko, greed is good, Herbert Marcuse, Herman Kahn, Ida Tarbell, information retrieval, interchangeable parts, invisible hand, John Nash: game theory, John von Neumann, Kenneth Arrow, lateral thinking, linear programming, loose coupling, loss aversion, Mahatma Gandhi, means of production, mental accounting, Murray Gell-Mann, mutually assured destruction, Nash equilibrium, Nelson Mandela, Norbert Wiener, Norman Mailer, oil shock, Pareto efficiency, performance metric, Philip Mirowski, prisoner's dilemma, profit maximization, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, RAND corporation, Richard Thaler, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, scientific management, seminal paper, shareholder value, social contagion, social intelligence, Steven Pinker, strikebreaker, The Chicago School, The Myth of the Rational Market, the scientific method, theory of mind, Thomas Davenport, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Torches of Freedom, Toyota Production System, transaction costs, Twitter Arab Spring, ultimatum game, unemployed young men, Upton Sinclair, urban sprawl, Vilfredo Pareto, W. E. B. Du Bois, War on Poverty, women in the workforce, Yogi Berra, zero-sum game

., Civil Resistance & Power Politics: The Experience of Non-Violent Action from Gandhi to the Present (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 43–57. 7. Sean Scalmer, Gandhi in the West: The Mahatma and the Rise of Radical Protest (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 54, 57. 8. “To the American Negro: A Message from Mahatma Gandhi,” The Crisis, July 1929, 225. 9. Vijay Prashad, “Black Gandhi,” Social Scientist 37, no. 1/2 (January/February 2009): 4–7, 45. 10. Leonard A. Gordon, “Mahatma Gandhi’s Dialogues with Americans,” Economic and Political Weekly 37, no. 4 (January–February 2002): 337–352. 11. Joseph Kip Kosek, “Richard Gregg, Mohandas Gandhi, and the Strategy of Nonviolence,” The Journal of American History 91, no. 4 (March 2005): 1318–1348.

…

Bo Wirmark, “Nonviolent Methods and the American Civil Rights Movement 1955–1965,” Journal of Peace Research 11, no. 2 (1974): 115–132; Akinyele Umoja, “1964: The Beginning of the End of Nonviolence in the Mississippi Freedom Movement,” Radical History Review 85 (Winter 2003): 201–226. 23. Scalmer, Gandhi in the West, 180. 24. The books referred to by King were: M. K. Gandhi, An Autobiography; or, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, translated by Mahadev Desai (Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House, 1927); Louis Fischer, The Life of Mahatma Gandhi (London: Jonathan Cape, 1951); Henry David Thoreau, “Civil Disobedience,” 1849; Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis (New York: Macmillan Press, 1908); Richard B. Gregg, The Power of Non-Violence; Ira Chernus, American Nonviolence: The History of an Idea (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2004), 169–171.

A Manual for Creating Atheists by Peter Boghossian

Cass Sunstein, Easter island, Filter Bubble, Henri Poincaré, Mahatma Gandhi, meta-analysis, Nick Bostrom, Ray Kurzweil, selection bias, Socratic dialogue, stem cell, the scientific method

Interventions are not about winning or losing, they’re about helping people see through a delusion and reclaim a sense of wonder. On a personal level, you’ll likely find deeper satisfaction in helping people than in winning a debate. Model Behavior “If we could change ourselves, the tendencies in the world would also change.” —Mahatma Gandhi “Don’t just tell me what you want to do, show me.” —Matt Thornton, community activist If you are reading this book you probably already possess attitudes that predispose you to rationality, like a trustfulness of reason (American Philosophical Association, 1990, p. 2) and a willingness to reconsider (American Philosophical Association, 1990, p. 2).

Rapt: Attention and the Focused Life by Winifred Gallagher

Abraham Maslow, Albert Einstein, Atul Gawande, behavioural economics, Build a better mousetrap, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, David Brooks, delayed gratification, do what you love, epigenetics, Frank Gehry, fundamental attribution error, Isaac Newton, knowledge worker, longitudinal study, loss aversion, Mahatma Gandhi, McMansion, mirror neurons, music of the spheres, Nelson Mandela, off-the-grid, Paradox of Choice, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Feynman, Rodney Brooks, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, social intelligence, Walter Mischel, zero-sum game

We tend to focus on virtue displayed in heroic circumstances: the bravery of John McCain in an enemy’s prison or the justice sought by Martin Luther King in the segregated South. In everyday life, however, most opportunities to build character are modest in scope and easily missed if you’re not paying attention. Mother Teresa and Mahatma Gandhi may epitomize the quality of humanity, or unconditional love, but that doesn’t stop Peterson from his own pursuit of the virtue on a smaller scale. Offering an example, he says that while rushing home from the psych department one evening, he saw a distraught student clutching a late term paper in the hallway.

Time Management for System Administrators by Thomas A.Limoncelli

8-hour work day, Albert Einstein, Big Tech, business cycle, Debian, job satisfaction, Kickstarter, Mahatma Gandhi, PalmPilot, Steve Jobs

Of course, it can't hurt your potential to receive better raises and bonuses. Best of all, if your boss is successful enough to receive a promotion, an ethical boss will take you with him. From that perspective, the ultimate criterion for how to prioritize your work is to center it around what will make your boss a success. Action expresses priorities. --Mahatma Gandhi Summary When you have a lot to do, prioritization becomes more important. When you have more to do than you have time for, prioritization is extremely important. When you have very little to do, any prioritization scheme works pretty well. Doing tasks in order works fine when you have a small number of tasks.

The End of Money: Counterfeiters, Preachers, Techies, Dreamers--And the Coming Cashless Society by David Wolman

addicted to oil, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, bitcoin, Bretton Woods, carbon footprint, cashless society, central bank independence, collateralized debt obligation, corporate social responsibility, credit crunch, cross-subsidies, Diane Coyle, fiat currency, financial innovation, floating exchange rates, German hyperinflation, greed is good, Isaac Newton, Kickstarter, M-Pesa, Mahatma Gandhi, mental accounting, mobile money, Money creation, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, offshore financial centre, P = NP, Peter Thiel, place-making, placebo effect, Ponzi scheme, Ronald Reagan, seigniorage, Silicon Valley, special drawing rights, Steven Levy, the payments system, transaction costs, WikiLeaks

(As a tourist, I expect price gouging, but there’s no need to invite it by only carrying high-value notes.) The teller handed me a mountain of paper, and for a second I was seduced by the denomination effect. So many zeroes. A moment later the exchange-rate reality set in, and I saw the cash for what it was: a pain in the ass. No offense to Mahatma Gandhi, whose bespectacled face smiles on all of India’s paper money, but the softly worn banknotes renewed that whole suite of hygiene concerns, as if their very fibers were a preview of the humidity, dirt, and sweat of this megalopolis. For me, India’s dependence on cash was a mild inconvenience.

Give People Money by Annie Lowrey

Abraham Maslow, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, agricultural Revolution, Airbnb, airport security, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, basic income, Bernie Sanders, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, carbon tax, clean water, collective bargaining, computer age, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, deindustrialization, desegregation, Donald Trump, driverless car, Edward Glaeser, Elon Musk, ending welfare as we know it, everywhere but in the productivity statistics, full employment, gender pay gap, gentrification, gig economy, Google Earth, Home mortgage interest deduction, income inequality, indoor plumbing, information asymmetry, Jaron Lanier, jitney, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, Kickstarter, Kodak vs Instagram, labor-force participation, late capitalism, Lyft, M-Pesa, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, mass incarceration, McMansion, Menlo Park, mobile money, Modern Monetary Theory, mortgage tax deduction, multilevel marketing, new economy, obamacare, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, Overton Window, Peter Thiel, post scarcity, post-work, Potemkin village, precariat, public intellectual, randomized controlled trial, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robert Bork, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Rutger Bregman, Sam Altman, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, single-payer health, Steve Jobs, TaskRabbit, tech billionaire, The future is already here, The Future of Employment, theory of mind, total factor productivity, Turing test, two tier labour market, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, universal basic income, uranium enrichment, War on Poverty, warehouse robotics, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, We wanted flying cars, instead we got 140 characters, women in the workforce, working poor, World Values Survey, Y Combinator

But they were supposed to be getting six rations, one for each member of the family, and were only receiving two. “We have only been getting ten kilos of rice,” Mahato, a farmer and laborer, complained, explaining that it sometimes left the family hungry. “We have been ten times to try to correct it.” Neither parent was receiving any income from the massive Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, meant to ensure wages to poor individuals willing to aid in local public-works projects. Moreover, though she was nursing an infant as she spoke with me, Mahato’s wife had never even heard of a cash benefit meant to go to impoverished women who were pregnant or breast-feeding.

The Growth Delusion: Wealth, Poverty, and the Well-Being of Nations by David Pilling

Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, banking crisis, Bernie Sanders, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Branko Milanovic, call centre, carbon tax, centre right, clean tech, clean water, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collateralized debt obligation, commoditize, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, dark matter, Deng Xiaoping, Diane Coyle, Donald Trump, double entry bookkeeping, Easter island, Erik Brynjolfsson, falling living standards, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial intermediation, financial repression, Gini coefficient, Glass-Steagall Act, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, Google Hangouts, Great Leap Forward, Hans Rosling, happiness index / gross national happiness, Higgs boson, high-speed rail, income inequality, income per capita, informal economy, invisible hand, Jeremy Corbyn, job satisfaction, Mahatma Gandhi, Mahbub ul Haq, market fundamentalism, Martin Wolf, means of production, military-industrial complex, Monkeys Reject Unequal Pay, mortgage debt, off grid, old-boy network, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, peak oil, performance metric, pez dispenser, profit motive, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, rent-seeking, Robert Gordon, Ronald Reagan, Rory Sutherland, science of happiness, shareholder value, sharing economy, Simon Kuznets, sovereign wealth fund, TED Talk, The Great Moderation, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, total factor productivity, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, transfer pricing, trickle-down economics, urban sprawl, women in the workforce, World Values Survey

But unless you believe in the rural idyll, in very poor countries growth is the raw material from which better lives can be fashioned. That sounds like little more than a statement of the obvious, yet for decades the idea that India should prioritize growth was far from commonly accepted. Mahatma Gandhi, leader of the independence movement against British colonialism, held a romantic idea of life in the Indian villages. Those views influenced post-independence thinking, insinuating into national discourse the idea that there was something almost noble about poverty. Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first prime minister and a towering intellectual figure, was much more in favor of development and modernization than Gandhi, but he had a strong socialist and distributionist streak.

Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of Flags by Tim Marshall

anti-communist, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, Black Lives Matter, British Empire, colonial rule, Donald Trump, drone strike, European colonialism, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, It's morning again in America, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Mahatma Gandhi, Malacca Straits, mass immigration, megacity, Neil Armstrong, Nelson Mandela, Ronald Reagan, sceptred isle, Scramble for Africa, South China Sea, sovereign wealth fund, trade route, white picket fence

In the middle is a blue wheel with twenty-four spokes called a chakra. It is the same design as the wheel found on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of the third-century BCE Emperor Ashoka, which went on to become the national emblem of India. The flag was adopted on 22 July 1947, shortly before independence, but not before Mahatma Gandhi had reminded the subcontinent just how important it was to get the symbolism right. He said: A flag is a necessity for all nations. Millions have died for it. It is no doubt a kind of idolatry which it would be a sin to destroy. For a flag represents an Ideal. The unfurling of the Union Jack evokes in the English breast sentiments whose strength it is difficult to measure.

Dataclysm: Who We Are (When We Think No One's Looking) by Christian Rudder

4chan, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, bitcoin, cloud computing, correlation does not imply causation, crowdsourcing, cuban missile crisis, data science, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, en.wikipedia.org, fake it until you make it, Frank Gehry, Howard Zinn, Jaron Lanier, John Markoff, John Snow's cholera map, lifelogging, Mahatma Gandhi, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nate Silver, Nelson Mandela, new economy, obamacare, Occupy movement, p-value, power law, pre–internet, prosperity theology / prosperity gospel / gospel of success, race to the bottom, retail therapy, Salesforce, selection bias, Snapchat, social graph, Steve Jobs, the scientific method, the strength of weak ties, Twitter Arab Spring, two and twenty

The post leaves it unclear how political bias was determined. My best guess is from users’ “like” patterns. 1In 1950 This paragraph discussing polarization in American politics is based on Jill Lepore, “Long Division,” The New Yorker, December 2, 2013. “It has always been a mystery” I read Life of Mahatma Gandhi by Louis Fisher (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1950) in 2007, and this quote has stuck with me since. Chapter 10: Tall for an Asian To find out what’s actually special to a particular group The method for reducing a group’s collected profile text to the idiosyncratic essentials I present in this chapter is my own.

Smartcuts: How Hackers, Innovators, and Icons Accelerate Success by Shane Snow

3D printing, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, Apollo 11, attribution theory, augmented reality, barriers to entry, conceptual framework, correlation does not imply causation, David Heinemeier Hansson, deliberate practice, disruptive innovation, Elon Musk, fail fast, Fellow of the Royal Society, Filter Bubble, Ford Model T, Google X / Alphabet X, hive mind, index card, index fund, Isaac Newton, job satisfaction, Khan Academy, Kickstarter, lateral thinking, Law of Accelerating Returns, Lean Startup, Mahatma Gandhi, meta-analysis, Neil Armstrong, pattern recognition, Peter Thiel, popular electronics, Ray Kurzweil, Richard Florida, Ronald Reagan, Ruby on Rails, Saturday Night Live, self-driving car, seminal paper, Sheryl Sandberg, side project, Silicon Valley, social bookmarking, Steve Jobs, superconnector, vertical integration

Pleasure without conscience. Knowledge without character. Commerce without morality. Science without humanity. Religion without sacrifice. Politics without principle. Number six on the list soon became the most poignant; on his way to a prayer meeting shortly after he gave Arun the note, Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated. The same day that Pariser posted the Gandhi story on his blog, the top story on the hugely popular blog BuzzFeed was “20 Supporting Characters from ’90s TV Shows Then and Now”—a collection of embarrassing before-and-after pictures of goofy stars from shows like Clarissa Explains It All and Even Stevens.

Bomb Scare by Joseph Cirincione

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Albert Einstein, cuban missile crisis, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Dr. Strangelove, dual-use technology, energy security, Ernest Rutherford, Mahatma Gandhi, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, nuclear taboo, Ronald Reagan, Strategic Defense Initiative, technological determinism, uranium enrichment, Yogi Berra

The most important actor in this battle, Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, quickly positioned himself against a nuclear weapons program. In 1964 Shastri said, “We cannot at present think in terms of making atomic bombs in India. We must try to eliminate the atomic bombs in the world rather than enter into a nuclear arms competition.”54 Clearly, “Shastri believed in this singular Indian mission, as Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru had.”55 Bhabha, however, “loudly lobbied for development of nuclear weapons,” and took great pains to minimize the anticipated cost of such an effort, making an official estimate that excluded the expense of the nuclear reactors and plutonium separation plants.56 By the end of 1964, Shastri had compromised with Bhabha, agreeing to a “Peaceful Nuclear Explosives” program.

How Democracy Ends by David Runciman

barriers to entry, basic income, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, bitcoin, blockchain, Brexit referendum, Cambridge Analytica, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, centre right, crowdsourcing, cuban missile crisis, disinformation, Dominic Cummings, Donald Trump, Dr. Strangelove, Edward Snowden, fake news, first-past-the-post, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, Internet of things, Jeremy Corbyn, Jon Ronson, Joseph Schumpeter, Kickstarter, Large Hadron Collider, loss aversion, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, mutually assured destruction, Network effects, Nick Bostrom, Norman Mailer, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Paris climate accords, Peter Thiel, post-truth, power law, precautionary principle, quantitative easing, Russell Brand, self-driving car, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Steve Bannon, Steven Pinker, the long tail, The Wisdom of Crowds, Travis Kalanick, universal basic income, Yogi Berra

But it has no political power. The Road does not galvanise us into political action. It is an oddly consoling parable for a society of sleepwalkers and tightrope walkers. 3 Technological takeover! PEOPLE LAUGH WHEN Al Gore claims to have invented the internet. So they should. It wasn’t Gore. It was Mahatma Gandhi. Forster’s ‘The Machine Stops’ was first published in the Oxford and Cambridge Review in November 1909. Gandhi, then a youngish lawyer and civil rights activist living in South Africa, appears to have read the story on his sea journey home from London that month (the Review would have been in the ship’s library and everyone on board must have had time to kill, even Gandhi).

Art of Learning by Josh Waitzkin

classic study, fear of failure, G4S, Mahatma Gandhi, pattern recognition, South China Sea

I hadn’t fully understood that he was inside of me, waiting, but surely all the work I had done for years had made him possible, perhaps inevitable. How did this new part of myself relate to the Josh I’d known my whole life, the kid who was once scared of the dark, the chess player, the young man who loves the rain and re-reading passages of Jack Kerouac? How did it fit in with my passion for Buddhism and the satyagraha of Mahatma Gandhi? Honestly, these are questions that I am still sorting out. Do I want to explore more of this side of myself? Maybe. But perhaps in a different guise. Mainly what I felt after Taiwan was an urgent desire to get back to practice and shake off the idea that I had climbed my mountain. In the last two years I have started over.

The Power of Moments: Why Certain Experiences Have Extraordinary Impact by Chip Heath, Dan Heath

Cal Newport, call centre, classic study, clean water, cloud computing, crowdsourcing, desegregation, fear of failure, Mahatma Gandhi, mental accounting, meta-analysis, peak-end rule, school choice, Sheryl Sandberg, six sigma, Steve Ballmer, TED Talk

What’s less well known about this story is that the demonstrators didn’t just show courage. They practiced it. They rehearsed it. And this brings us to the story of a remarkable figure in the civil rights movement: James Lawson. Lawson, a Methodist minister, had traveled to India to learn the techniques of nonviolent resistance from the disciples of Mahatma Gandhi. When he moved to Nashville, he began to train many of the people who would become leaders in the civil rights movement: Lewis, Nash, and others. Lawson believed strongly in preparation for resistance: “You cannot go on a demonstration with 25 people doing whatever they want to do. They have to have a common discipline; that’s a key word for me.

Humans as a Service: The Promise and Perils of Work in the Gig Economy by Jeremias Prassl

3D printing, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, algorithmic management, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Andrei Shleifer, asset light, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, call centre, cashless society, Clayton Christensen, collaborative consumption, collaborative economy, collective bargaining, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, death from overwork, Didi Chuxing, disruptive innovation, Donald Trump, driverless car, Erik Brynjolfsson, full employment, future of work, George Akerlof, gig economy, global supply chain, Greyball, hiring and firing, income inequality, independent contractor, information asymmetry, invisible hand, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, Kevin Roose, Kickstarter, low skilled workers, Lyft, machine readable, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, market friction, means of production, moral hazard, Network effects, new economy, obamacare, pattern recognition, platform as a service, Productivity paradox, race to the bottom, regulatory arbitrage, remote working, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robert Gordon, Ronald Coase, Rosa Parks, scientific management, Second Machine Age, secular stagnation, self-driving car, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley ideology, Simon Singh, software as a service, Steve Jobs, TaskRabbit, TechCrunch disrupt, The Future of Employment, The Market for Lemons, The Nature of the Firm, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, transaction costs, transportation-network company, Travis Kalanick, two tier labour market, two-sided market, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, union organizing, warehouse automation, work culture , working-age population

The truth is, what Silicon Valley still calls ‘Disruption’ has evolved into something very sinister indeed.31 In sharing-economy doublespeak, ignoring regulation might come to be seen as a virtue of the highest order, with platforms’ law-breaking likened * * * 40 Doublespeak to that of resistance heroes ranging from Mahatma Gandhi to Rosa Parks. Professors Frank Pasquale and Siva Vaidhyanathan have attacked these com- parisons and suggested a darker analogy, arguing that today’s: ‘corporate nullification’ follow[s] in the footsteps of Southern governors and legislatures [during the civil rights battles] in the United States who declared themselves free to ‘nullify’ federal law on the basis of strained and opportunistic constitutional interpretation . . .

The Shame Machine: Who Profits in the New Age of Humiliation by Cathy O'Neil

2021 United States Capitol attack, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, basic income, big-box store, Black Lives Matter, British Empire, call centre, cognitive dissonance, colonial rule, coronavirus, COVID-19, crack epidemic, crowdsourcing, data science, delayed gratification, desegregation, don't be evil, Edward Jenner, fake news, George Floyd, Greta Thunberg, Jon Ronson, Kickstarter, linked data, Mahatma Gandhi, mass incarceration, microbiome, microdosing, Nelson Mandela, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, pre–internet, profit motive, QAnon, Ronald Reagan, selection bias, Silicon Valley, social distancing, Stanford marshmallow experiment, Streisand effect, TikTok, Walter Mischel, War on Poverty, working poor

While President Buhari survived the protests, his popularity plummeted. More important, he and his colleagues are aware that they are being scrutinized, and that a single incident of abuse can awaken a national shaming campaign in a matter of hours. The punching-up protesters have demonstrated their power. * * * Mahatma Gandhi, the twentieth century’s master of punching up, demonstrated the strategy and discipline required to win the long game. His Salt March in 1930 set the standard. At that time, the British Empire was drawing profits out of India while hundreds of millions of Indians lived in misery, many threatened by famine.

Lonely Planet London by Lonely Planet

Boris Johnson, British Empire, car-free, carbon footprint, centre right, Charles Babbage, congestion charging, Crossrail, death from overwork, discovery of the americas, Dr. Strangelove, East Village, Easter island, Edward Jenner, Etonian, financial independence, gentrification, haute couture, haute cuisine, Isaac Newton, John Snow's cholera map, low cost airline, Mahatma Gandhi, market design, place-making, post-work, Russell Brand, Skype, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, urban renewal, Winter of Discontent

Great Court Covered with a spectacular glass-and-steel roof designed by Norman Foster in 2000, the Great Court is the largest covered public square in Europe. In its centre is the world-famous Reading Room , formerly the British Library, which has been frequented by all the big brains of history, from Mahatma Gandhi to Karl Marx. Ancient Egypt The star of the show at the British Museum is the Ancient Egypt collection. It comprises sculptures, fine jewellery, papyrus texts, coffins and mummies, including the beautiful and intriguing Mummy of Katebet (room 63). Perhaps the most prized item in the collection is the Rosetta Stone (room 4), the key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics.

…

Inns of Court For all of the West End’s urban mania, the area hides some unexpected pockets of Zenlike calm. Clustered around Holborn and Fleet St are the Inns of Court, with quiet alleys, open spaces and a serene atmosphere. All London barristers work from within one of the four inns, and a roll-call of former members ranges from Oliver Cromwell and Charles Dickens to Mahatma Gandhi and Margaret Thatcher. It would take a lifetime working here to grasp the intricacies of the protocols of the inns – they’re similar to the Freemasons, and both are 13th-century creations with centuries of tradition. It’s best to just soak in the dreamy atmosphere and relax. Lincoln’s Inn Offline map Google map ( Lincoln’s Inn Fields WC2; grounds 9am-6pm Mon-Fri, chapel 12.30-2.30pm Mon-Fri; Holborn) Lincoln’s Inn is the most attractive of the four inns and has a chapel, pleasant square and picturesque gardens that invite a stroll, especially early or late in the day when the legal eagles aren’t flapping about.

You Say Tomato, I Say Shut Up by Annabelle Gurwitch

Alvin Toffler, Atul Gawande, Bernie Madoff, big-box store, Donald Trump, Donner party, Exxon Valdez, Future Shock, Joan Didion, Mahatma Gandhi, open immigration, Ronald Reagan, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Yogi Berra

He Says If it wasn’t for the fact that I love pussy so much, I’d have given up on the whole marriage thing a long time ago. Ever since the birth of our son eleven years ago, I’ve been on a never-ending quest to get back to the pussy. My wife’s. But getting there is nearly a Herculean task demanding the patience of Mahatma Gandhi, the perseverance of a Chicago Cubs fan, the focus of Tiger Woods, and a mind so warped, so perverted, so single-minded in its pursuit, that it can withstand almost anything. Because what having a child does to your sex life is not unlike what happens when a majestic eagle is hit with a surface-to-air heat-seeking missile.

In Pursuit of Memory: The Fight Against Alzheimer's by Joseph Jebelli

Albert Einstein, Alfred Russel Wallace, Apollo 13, Berlin Wall, caloric restriction, caloric restriction, CRISPR, double helix, Easter island, Edward Jenner, epigenetics, global pandemic, Isaac Newton, Kickstarter, lateral thinking, longitudinal study, Louis Pasteur, Mahatma Gandhi, megacity, meta-analysis, microbiome, mouse model, parabiotic, phenotype, placebo effect, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, Skype, stem cell, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, traumatic brain injury

Though much of the evidence is preliminary and inconclusive, and sometimes merely anecdotal, considerations for stress, diet, exercise, cognitive training and even sleep are gaining scientific ground. And so I stepped into the uncertain world of preventive healthcare with cautious optimism. 9 Stress There is more to life than increasing its speed. Mahatma Gandhi, attributed IN HIS TRAILBLAZING work The Stress of Life, published in 1956, endocrinologist Hans Selye explained how stressful experiences can make us sick. Before Selye, the notion that stress could influence our biology was practically unheard of. Today, we’re all too familiar with the toll modern-life stress exerts on our health.

Green Economics: An Introduction to Theory, Policy and Practice by Molly Scott Cato

Albert Einstein, back-to-the-land, banking crisis, banks create money, basic income, Bretton Woods, Buy land – they’re not making it any more, carbon footprint, carbon tax, central bank independence, clean water, Community Supported Agriculture, congestion charging, corporate social responsibility, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, degrowth, deskilling, energy security, food miles, Food sovereignty, Fractional reserve banking, full employment, gender pay gap, green new deal, income inequality, informal economy, intentional community, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), job satisfaction, land bank, land reform, land value tax, Mahatma Gandhi, market fundamentalism, Money creation, mortgage debt, Multi Fibre Arrangement, passive income, peak oil, price stability, profit maximization, profit motive, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, reserve currency, Rupert Read, seminal paper, the built environment, The Spirit Level, Tobin tax, tontine, University of East Anglia, wikimedia commons

GLOBALIZATION AND TRADE 137 11 Woodin and Lucas, Green Alternatives, p. 74; for a full discussion see Cato, Market Schmarket, ch. 4. 12 J. Porritt (2006) Capitalism as if the World Matters, London: Earthscan, p. 18. 13 M. K. Gandhi (1909) ‘New Year’, Indian Opinion, 2 January; reprinted in I. Raghavan (ed) The Essential Writings of Mahatma Gandhi, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1991. 14 You can find out more about these movements in both historical and contemporary context from the websites of Diggers and Dreamers (www.diggersanddreamers.org.uk/) and The Land Is Ours (www.tlio.org.uk/). 15 UNDP (2007) Sufficiency Economy and Human Development: Thailand Human Development Report 2007, Bangkok: UNDP. 16 C.

Live Work Work Work Die: A Journey Into the Savage Heart of Silicon Valley by Corey Pein

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 23andMe, 4chan, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Anne Wojcicki, artificial general intelligence, bank run, barriers to entry, Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL), Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, bitcoin, Bitcoin Ponzi scheme, Build a better mousetrap, California gold rush, cashless society, colonial rule, computer age, cryptocurrency, data is the new oil, deep learning, digital nomad, disruptive innovation, Donald Trump, Douglas Hofstadter, driverless car, Elon Musk, Evgeny Morozov, Extropian, fail fast, fake it until you make it, fake news, gamification, gentrification, gig economy, Google bus, Google Glasses, Google X / Alphabet X, Greyball, growth hacking, hacker house, Hacker News, hive mind, illegal immigration, immigration reform, independent contractor, intentional community, Internet of things, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, Jeff Bezos, job automation, Kevin Kelly, Khan Academy, Larry Ellison, Law of Accelerating Returns, Lean Startup, life extension, Lyft, Mahatma Gandhi, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, minimum viable product, move fast and break things, mutually assured destruction, Neal Stephenson, obamacare, Parker Conrad, passive income, patent troll, Patri Friedman, Paul Graham, peer-to-peer lending, Peter H. Diamandis: Planetary Resources, Peter Thiel, platform as a service, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, post-work, public intellectual, Ray Kurzweil, regulatory arbitrage, rent control, RFID, Robert Mercer, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, Ross Ulbricht, Ruby on Rails, Sam Altman, Sand Hill Road, Scientific racism, self-driving car, selling pickaxes during a gold rush, sharing economy, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley startup, Singularitarianism, Skype, Snapchat, Social Justice Warrior, social software, software as a service, source of truth, South of Market, San Francisco, Startup school, stealth mode startup, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, TaskRabbit, tech billionaire, tech bro, tech worker, TechCrunch disrupt, technological singularity, technoutopianism, telepresence, too big to fail, Travis Kalanick, tulip mania, Tyler Cowen, Uber for X, uber lyft, ubercab, unit 8200, upwardly mobile, Vernor Vinge, vertical integration, Virgin Galactic, X Prize, Y Combinator, Zenefits

If you had that response, bravo.” Eyal conceded that digital gadgets may be “the cigarettes of this century,” but said he was optimistic that these addictive products could be used for “good” and to “help people live healthier, happier, more productive” lives. Eyal wrapped up with a slide of Mahatma Gandhi, although El Chapo might’ve been a better choice. “I encourage you to build the change you wish to see in the world,” he concluded, then basked in applause. * * * As impoverished and self-serving as it was, Eyal’s lecture was the first and perhaps only time I heard the word “morality” emerge from the mouth of a Silicon Valley stage speaker.

The Virtue of Nationalism by Yoram Hazony

Berlin Wall, British Empire, conceptual framework, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, illegal immigration, invention of the printing press, Mahatma Gandhi, Peace of Westphalia, profit motive, Ronald Reagan, Steven Pinker, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Torches of Freedom, urban planning, Westphalian system

Progressives regarded Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the Atlantic Charter of Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill as beacons of hope for mankind—and this precisely because they were considered expressions of nationalism, promising national independence and self-determination to enslaved peoples around the world. Conservatives from Teddy Roosevelt to Dwight Eisenhower likewise spoke of nationalism as a positive good, and in their day Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher were welcomed by conservatives for the “new nationalism” they brought to political life. In other lands, statesmen from Mahatma Gandhi to David Ben-Gurion led nationalist political movements that won widespread admiration and esteem as they steered their peoples to freedom.1 Surely, the many statesmen and intellectuals who embraced nationalism a few generations ago knew something about this subject, and were not simply trying to drag us back to a more primitive stage in our history, to war-mongering and racism.

The Joy of Less, A Minimalist Living Guide: How to Declutter, Organize, and Simplify Your Life by Francine Jay

big-box store, book scanning, carbon footprint, dumpster diving, Ford Model T, indoor plumbing, Lao Tzu, Mahatma Gandhi, pez dispenser, place-making, young professional

Make a list of every book, every plate, every fork, every shirt, every shoe, every sheet, every pen, every knickknack—in short, every single object—that resides inside your home. Too difficult? Try just one room. Still can’t do it? How about just one drawer. It’s pretty overwhelming, isn’t it? Do you still feel like you don’t have enough? PHILOSOPHY 10 Live simply, so that others may simply live Mahatma Gandhi said, “Live simply, so that others may simply live.” As it turns out, this may be the greatest incentive of all for becoming a minimalist. Now that we’re thinking globally, let’s consider this: we share the world with over six billion other people. Our space, and our resources, are finite. How can we guarantee that there’s enough food, water, land, and energy to go around?

Fallen Idols: Twelve Statues That Made History by Alex von Tunzelmann

"hyperreality Baudrillard"~20 OR "Baudrillard hyperreality", anti-communist, Apollo 11, Berlin Wall, Black Lives Matter, Boris Johnson, British Empire, colonial rule, coronavirus, correlation does not imply causation, COVID-19, Donald Trump, double helix, Easter island, European colonialism, fake news, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Ferguson, Missouri, George Floyd, global pandemic, Google Earth, lockdown, Mahatma Gandhi, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, no-fly zone, Ronald Reagan, Scramble for Africa, Suez crisis 1956, the map is not the territory, TikTok, transatlantic slave trade, W. E. B. Du Bois

It was deeply rooted in years and years of British rule that had been undemocratic and deliberately divisive.19 By 1965, though, India was moving forward, and the only reason to look back was to build useful myths. If anyone’s statue could replace George V’s, it had to be Gandhi’s. ‘It was only after Nehru’s death that the figure of Mahatma Gandhi could consensually stand as the symbol of Indian independence when the debate on the canopy took place’, wrote academic Sushmita Pati.20 At last, the Raj statues were disappearing. In line with Nehru’s suggestion that the Indian government make a present of the statues to anyone who wanted them, a few had been offloaded.

Understanding Power by Noam Chomsky

anti-communist, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, Bretton Woods, British Empire, Burning Man, business climate, business cycle, cognitive dissonance, continuous integration, Corn Laws, cuban missile crisis, dark matter, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, deskilling, disinformation, European colonialism, Fall of the Berlin Wall, feminist movement, gentrification, global reserve currency, guns versus butter model, Howard Zinn, junk bonds, Korean Air Lines Flight 007, liberation theology, Mahatma Gandhi, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, Monroe Doctrine, mortgage tax deduction, Nixon triggered the end of the Bretton Woods system, Paul Samuelson, Ralph Nader, reserve currency, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, school choice, Strategic Defense Initiative, strikebreaker, structural adjustment programs, systems thinking, the scientific method, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, union organizing, wage slave, women in the workforce