bike sharing

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Building the Cycling City: The Dutch Blueprint for Urban Vitality by Melissa Bruntlett, Chris Bruntlett

"World Economic Forum" Davos, active transport: walking or cycling, ASML, autonomous vehicles, bike sharing, car-free, crowdsourcing, en.wikipedia.org, fixed-gear, Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Bilbao, intermodal, Jones Act, Loma Prieta earthquake, megacity, new economy, oil shale / tar sands, safety bicycle, side project, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, starchitect, Stop de Kindermoord, the built environment, the High Line, transit-oriented development, urban planning, urban renewal, wikimedia commons

The city was, in fact, home to the country’s first underground bike-parking facility, built in 1938. Demand has since skyrocketed, and officials are currently building a number of large and ample fietsenstallingen (“bike parking lots”) in and around the city center. In 2001, Utrecht was the natural choice to serve as the pilot city for OV-Fiets, the national bike-rental scheme: a convenient service that has expanded exponentially to strengthen the powerful bike–train combination. Over a period of 30 years, officials in Utrecht have gone from believing the bike would become extinct to beginning to cater to cyclists, but Wagenbuur insists that it wasn’t until the early nineties that cycling found its rightful place near the top of the transportation hierarchy.

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For her, it means taking the CROW design principles of cohesion, directness, safety, attractiveness, and comfort, and continuing to apply them through the door and onto the platform. While it is still early in the pilot project process, BiTiBi’s partners in Liverpool, Milan, Barcelona, and Ghent have seen some impressive results. For example, establishing secure bike-parking and rental schemes has resulted in fewer car trips, as 15–20 percent of bike-parking users who have stopped driving to the station, while 5 percent of rental-bike users left their cars at home. These pilot projects also managed to induce new cycling trips, with 40–50 percent of bike-parking users new to cycling, as were 70 percent of rental-bike users.

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These funds should go a long way to increase the system’s speed, frequency, and size, which—when complemented with better biking facilities—will make public transit a more convenient choice for far more residents. A citywide bike-sharing scheme is another strategy that the City recently implemented to provide residents, employees, and visitors with a first- and last-mile solution, although its restricted service area limits it to three major activity centers and the surrounding neighborhoods. Launched in June 2016, Relay Bike Share began with just 100 bicycles at 10 docking stations, but recently underwent a fivefold expansion, reaching into historically underserved areas. “With their second phase, their goal is to have bike-share at every transit station in Atlanta,” Maines discloses.

Fodor's Essential Belgium by Fodor's Travel Guides

Airbnb, Albert Einstein, augmented reality, bike sharing, blood diamond, car-free, carbon footprint, Charles Lindbergh, colonial rule, coronavirus, COVID-19, Easter island, Ford Model T, gentrification, haute cuisine, index card, Kickstarter, low cost airline, New Urbanism, out of africa, QR code, retail therapy, rewilding, ride hailing / ride sharing, starchitect, three-masted sailing ship, trade route, urban renewal, urban sprawl, young professional

DISCOUNTS AND DEALS To make the most of Ghent’s sights, get hold of a CityCard Gent, which gives free entrance to many of the city’s sights and museums and can be used both on transport and to hire a bike. Valid for either 48 (€38) or 72 (€44) hours, cards are available from the tourist office and participating venues. GETTING HERE AND AROUND BICYCLE Cycling is the best way to get around Ghent. The city-bike rental scheme is easy to use, with several pick-up locations, including the train station and city center. Rental starts from €12 for a day, but it’s free with a CityCard. Bike lanes are everywhere but be careful of the tram lines, as it’s easy to get your wheels stuck. CONTACTS De Fietsambassade. EVoskenslaan 27, Ghent P09/266–7700 wfietsambassade.gent.be.

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Alternatively, a local bus system connects the airport to Charleroi Sud railway station, which has rail connections to Brussels taking one hour (€9.70). CONTACTS Flibco. P070/211–210 wwww.flibco.com/en. BICYCLES AND E-SCOOTERS Like many cities, Brussels and its suburbs have been invaded by scooter and bike-share schemes; just download the appropriate app to unlock the ride. The city center is quite small, and it’s a quick and easy way to get around. Lime and Dott are the two most widespread e-scooter operators, costing €1 to unlock and then a further €0.17 and €0.22 per minute, respectively. The city bike scheme is Villo (www.villo.be), for which a €1.65 day ticket gives you the first 30 minutes of each ride for free.

France (Lonely Planet, 8th Edition) by Nicola Williams

active transport: walking or cycling, back-to-the-land, bike sharing, British Empire, car-free, carbon footprint, centre right, Charles Lindbergh, Columbine, company town, double helix, flag carrier, gentrification, Guggenheim Bilbao, haute couture, haute cuisine, Henri Poincaré, Herbert Marcuse, high-speed rail, Honoré de Balzac, illegal immigration, industrial robot, information trail, Jacquard loom, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, Kickstarter, Louis Blériot, Louis Pasteur, low cost airline, Mahatma Gandhi, means of production, Murano, Venice glass, pension reform, post-work, QWERTY keyboard, ride hailing / ride sharing, Saturday Night Live, Silicon Valley, Skype, Sloane Ranger, Suez canal 1869, supervolcano, three-masted sailing ship, trade route, urban renewal, urban sprawl, V2 rocket

Green-themed boxes in most chapters provide destination-specific pointers for travelling responsibly and a top-pick listing of green activities is on opposite. * * * TOP 10 GREEN PICKS Go slow, go green and buzz sustainable with our pick of environmentally sweet travel experiences; see destination chapters for more ideas on taking your foot off the accelerator. Try the self-service bike-rental schemes in Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Montpellier, Rouen, Caen, Dijon, Amiens, Toulouse and Orléans Build a castle using 13th-century technologies at the Chantier Médiéval de Guédelon Behave like a Breton: cycle past otherworldly megaliths Click here, hike on the Island of Terror or bask on Île de Batz Revel in ravishing gardens: Monet’s inspiration in Giverny, subterranean Jardin des Boves in Arras, Menton’s Mediterranean paradises Click here, Monaco’s Jardin Exotique and those at Villa Grecque Kérylos in Beaulieu-sur-Mer and Villa Rothschild in St-Jean Cap-Ferrat Experience France’s first organic village Click here Paddle along emerald-green waterways at the Maison Flore in France’s ‘Green Venice’ Follow the footsteps of pilgrims from Le Puy-en-Velay to St-Jean Pied de Port; or do it by donkey like Robert Louis Stevenson in the Parc National des Cévennes Bliss out in mud at a Biarritz spa Click here Celebrate traditional mountain life during the eco-festival, Les Phonies Bergères Retrace dinosaur steps at the Réserve Géologique in Digne-les-Bains A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE Forget the Louvre or the local musée des beaux arts (fine-arts museum).

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The local public transport company, STAN ( 03 83 30 08 08; www.reseau-stan.com, in French; office 3 rue du Docteur Schmitt; 7am-7.30pm Mon-Sat), with offices next to the Nacy Gare tram stop, has its main transfer points at Nancy République and Point Central. One/10 tickets cost €1.20/8.70. In this section, tram stops 200m or less from sights, hotels etc are mentioned right after the street address and indicated with a tram icon . Vélostan (www.velostan.com, in French; per half-day/day/week €3/5/10) is not in Central Asia – it’s STAN’s bike-rental scheme, with rental sites inside the train station ( 03 83 32 50 85; 7.30am-7.30pm Mon-Fri, 9am-6pm weekends & holidays) and, near the Musée de l’École de Nancy, in Espace Thermal ( 03 83 90 20 96; 43bis rue du Sergent Blandan; 10am-1pm & 3-6pm Mon-Fri, 9am-6pm Sat). A taxi ( 03 83 37 65 37) is just a telephone call away.

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By taxi, the 30-minute trip between the airport and the city centre costs around €40/55 during the day/between 7pm and 7am. BICYCLE Pick up a pair of red-and-silver wheels at one of 200-odd bike stations dotted around the city and drop them off at another with Lyon’s hugely successful vélo’v ( 08 00 08 35 68; www.velov.grandlyon.com, in French) bike-rental scheme. The first 30 minutes are free and the first/subsequent hours cost €1/2 with a carte courte durée (a short-duration card, costing €1 and valid for seven days) and €0.50/1 if you buy a carte longue durée (long-duration card, costing €5 and valid for one year). Buy either card with a credit card from machines installed at bike stations: central stations are located in front of the town hall on bd de la Croix Rousse, 4e (Map; metro Croix Rousse); beside the opera house (1er; Map; metro Hôtel de Ville); and opposite Cathédrale St-Jean on place St-Jean (5e; Map; metro Vieux Lyon).

Lonely Planet Switzerland by Lonely Planet

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Albert Einstein, bike sharing, car-free, carbon footprint, Eyjafjallajökull, Frank Gehry, G4S, Guggenheim Bilbao, Higgs boson, Kickstarter, Large Hadron Collider, low cost airline, messenger bag, Nelson Mandela, New Urbanism, offshore financial centre, smart cities, starchitect, trade route

Available at all major train stations, SBB Rent a Bike (%041 925 11 70; www.rentabike.ch; half/full day from Sfr27/35) has city/mountain/e-bikes/tandem bikes for Sfr35/43/54/80 per day. For Sfr8 more, you can pick up your bike at one station and drop it off at another. Bikes can be reserved online. A one-day bike pass for SBB trains costs Sfr20. If you're sticking around awhile, it's worth registering for public bike-sharing scheme PubliBike (www.publibike.ch/en), with almost 100 'pick-up and return' stations dotted around Switzerland and a low yearly membership fee. You can also purchase a QuickBike option (24 hours). Use the website to order and check sales and station locations. Resources AVeloland (www.veloland.ch) Info on cycling in Switzerland – from national routes to bike rental, events and family tours.

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Single tickets covering the entire 30-minute journey (adult/child Sfr7/3.70) can be purchased at machines or on board. Bicycle & Scooter Borrow a free bike from Bern Rollt ( GOOGLE MAP ; %031 318 93 50; www.bernrollt.ch; Milchgässli; first 4hr free, per additional hour Sfr1; h8am-9.30pm), adjacent to the train station. You’ll need ID and Sfr20 as a deposit. Bern is also rolling out the PubliBike bike-sharing scheme. Pick up a 'QuickBike' pass for 24 hours from the offices of Bern Tourismus. Bus, Tram & Funicular Bern Mobil ( GOOGLE MAP ; www.bernmobil.ch; tickets 30min/1hr/day Sfr2.60/4.60/13) operates an excellent bus and tram network. Tickets are available from machines at all stops. Local hotel guests receive a Bern Ticket, offering free use of public transport throughout the city.

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Wheels can be reserved online or by phone and – for a Sfr10 surcharge – can be collected at one station and returned to another. In addition to regular adult and child bikes, most train stations have e-bikes and tandems, trailer bikes for kids unable to pedal alone, and trailers to tow little kids in. Rates include helmets. If you're sticking around awhile, it's worth registering for public bike-sharing scheme PubliBike, with almost 100 'pick-up and return' stations dotted around Switzerland and a low yearly membership fee. You can also purchase a 'DayBike' card from most tourist-information centres located near the stations. Use the website to order and check sales and station locations. From May to October, the ecofriendly initiative Schweiz Rollt offers free bike hire in Bern, Geneva, Zürich and the cantons of Valais and Neuchâtel.

Streetfight: Handbook for an Urban Revolution by Janette Sadik-Khan

autonomous vehicles, bike sharing, Boris Johnson, business cycle, call centre, car-free, carbon footprint, clean water, congestion charging, congestion pricing, Cornelius Vanderbilt, crowdsourcing, digital map, Donald Shoup, edge city, Edward Glaeser, en.wikipedia.org, Enrique Peñalosa, fixed-gear, gentrification, high-speed rail, Hyperloop, Induced demand, Jane Jacobs, Lewis Mumford, Loma Prieta earthquake, Lyft, megaproject, New Urbanism, off-the-grid, place-making, self-driving car, sharing economy, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the High Line, transportation-network company, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, urban decay, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, walkable city, white flight, Works Progress Administration, Zipcar

New York’s Citi Bike system used batteries and solar power, allowing stations to be placed on city streets in minutes without an electrical hookup that would have turned every station installation into a potential construction zone. The bike-share team hoists one of the first into action. NYC DOT—Alex Engel The station at Fulton and Grand wasn’t controversial. We had the bike-share company start installation of bike-share stations in Brooklyn, not on Manhattan’s more provocative real estate, staving off confrontation for at least a few weeks while also giving installation crews time to hone their skills before they attempted Manhattan. Instead of a single bike lane on a single street or corridor, bike share promised a minefield with 330 potential flash points. If a bike-share station was on the sidewalk, neighbors would protest that it impeded walking.

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This practicality has been at the heart of bike share’s rapid growth across Europe, Asia, and in the Americas during the 2000s, reaching 712 cities and more than 806,000 bikes by mid-2014. The principle of bike share is based on an accessibility that car share can’t reach: ubiquity. Hundreds of bike-share stations located every couple of blocks throughout the city, either on the street or in parks, plazas, or other public spaces, can be checked out and returned to any dock for a nominal fee. Virtually immune to traffic and resilient to parking problems, bike share greatly expands a person’s reach in the city.

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We were nervous as we approached launch date and hadn’t sealed the deal with the eventual sponsor, which was supposed to be secured by the bike-share operator, Alta, a Portland-based company that ran bike-share systems in Washington, D.C., Boston, and elsewhere. We were running out of time before the planned summer 2012 launch of the system, and New Yorkers wanted to know whose name would be on the bikes. Frustrated by the bike-share operator’s lack of progress, I intervened in that process personally, developing pitch presentations for likely sponsors such as Citibank, Apple, Puma, and MasterCard. The selection went to Citi, which put up $41 million for the naming rights for the bike-share system for five years, and augmented by $6.5 million from MasterCard, which agreed to be the payment sponsor and have its logo attached to station kiosks.

Bikenomics: How Bicycling Can Save the Economy (Bicycle) by Elly Blue

2013 Report for America's Infrastructure - American Society of Civil Engineers - 19 March 2013, active transport: walking or cycling, American Society of Civil Engineers: Report Card, autism spectrum disorder, big-box store, bike sharing, Boris Johnson, business cycle, car-free, congestion pricing, Donald Shoup, food desert, hydraulic fracturing, if you build it, they will come, Induced demand, job automation, Loma Prieta earthquake, medical residency, oil shale / tar sands, parking minimums, peak oil, Ponzi scheme, power law, ride hailing / ride sharing, science of happiness, the built environment, Tragedy of the Commons, urban renewal, women in the workforce, working poor, young professional

Overnight, the city became a place to ride a bicycle; 250,000 Parisians are now members of the system, making over a hundred thousand daily trips on the bikes. Bike share started small in North America in 2008, with a tiny but successful program in one area of Washington, D.C. that was a precursor to today’s CaBi system. In 2009, Montreal launched a large program that is largely credited with that city’s rise to one of the best cycling cities on the continent, if not the world. In 2010, Denver and Minneapolis opened their bike share kiosks for business. After that, bike share fever hit, and it became hard to count the cities jumping on board. The effect of a new bike share system launch is instant and transformative.

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Maybe it’s there for you on the way back, or maybe you find another bike close by. Where it is installed, bike share reduces the already low price of admission for cycling and breaks down many barriers for would-be cyclists. Using a shared bike isn’t free, but it’s far less of a commitment than buying a bicycle. Riding a bike share bike might be more work, physically, than riding one of your own, but you need less mental and logistical preparation if you are totally new to it. A purchased bike doesn’t come with a map, lights, or instruction manual, while bike share comes with all three. And the results are manifest—when these programs launch, the streets fill with bikes.

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As of 2013, over 500 cities around the world boasted wildly successful bike share programs. The only systems that have not done well are in Australia—where helmet use is mandatory and strictly enforced. DC’s bike share system was built by leveraging federal funding, but its fee structure is working. Now it has the dubious distinction of being the only transit system in the country to break even, with all operating costs coming from user fees. This news is hopeful and in many ways positive. But it shows the fatal flaw of free market perspectives on transportation economics. After Denver’s bike share program launched in 2010, initial research found that 90% of its members were Caucasian.

The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing by Lisa Gansky

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Airbnb, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Amazon Web Services, banking crisis, barriers to entry, Bear Stearns, bike sharing, business logic, carbon footprint, carbon tax, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, clean tech, cloud computing, credit crunch, crowdsourcing, diversification, Firefox, fixed income, Google Earth, impact investing, industrial cluster, Internet of things, Joi Ito, Kickstarter, late fees, Network effects, new economy, peer-to-peer lending, planned obsolescence, recommendation engine, RFID, Richard Florida, Richard Thaler, ride hailing / ride sharing, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, smart grid, social web, software as a service, TaskRabbit, the built environment, the long tail, vertical integration, walkable city, yield management, young professional, Zipcar

The experience was very different from renting with Hertz, or one of the other big car rental companies, where you’re only allowed to pick a category of car—small, medium, or large—like a Slurpee. While in Vancouver, I also tried out the local bike-sharing service. The city is one of the best places in the world to ride a bike. For bike sharing, a credit card in a slot usually unlocks a bike. You ride your bike around and return it to the same rack, or to another one elsewhere. (Barcelona even has a phone app now that tells you which of the four hundred return stations is closest.) In Vancouver, the bike-sharing locations are concentrated near the park and near public transportation. The paths are impressive, and you can take the bicycle on the ferry.

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The virtuous circle of trust enables you, as the business owner, to rapidly and frequently interact with customers and prospects, and their friends and families. You learn more about what services or products they want and how to deliver them. Bike sharing, for example, has become one of the fastest growing forms of transportation, especially in Europe. But in the initial offerings, problems emerged. A common one is that customers often want to pick the bike up in one location and return it to another, which presents a logistical challenge to the service. In Paris, which has one of the most advanced bike-sharing programs, users often left the bike at the bottom of a hill, so they wouldn’t have to pedal up. Solutions include having people pay a premium for dropping the bike in a different location or adding a small motor that helps them power the bike up a hill.

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Traditional retailers generally prefer products with a short life span, so the customer will buy a new one. Third, Mesh businesses often purchase core products directly from the manufacturer, and lots of them. A bike-sharing company will typically buy many bikes. That creates the possibility for rich flows of information about customers between the bike manufacturer and the bike-sharing business. The result is well-built bikes that last, and with the features customers want. Aggregated information about the customer can also flow the other way, back to the customers themselves. Tripkick, for instance, accumulates consumer experiences about hotels to help users choose the perfect hotel room.

Ghost Road: Beyond the Driverless Car by Anthony M. Townsend

A Pattern Language, active measures, AI winter, algorithmic trading, Alvin Toffler, Amazon Robotics, asset-backed security, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, backpropagation, big-box store, bike sharing, Blitzscaling, Boston Dynamics, business process, Captain Sullenberger Hudson, car-free, carbon footprint, carbon tax, circular economy, company town, computer vision, conceptual framework, congestion charging, congestion pricing, connected car, creative destruction, crew resource management, crowdsourcing, DARPA: Urban Challenge, data is the new oil, Dean Kamen, deep learning, deepfake, deindustrialization, delayed gratification, deliberate practice, dematerialisation, deskilling, Didi Chuxing, drive until you qualify, driverless car, drop ship, Edward Glaeser, Elaine Herzberg, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, extreme commuting, financial engineering, financial innovation, Flash crash, food desert, Ford Model T, fulfillment center, Future Shock, General Motors Futurama, gig economy, Google bus, Greyball, haute couture, helicopter parent, independent contractor, inventory management, invisible hand, Jane Jacobs, Jeff Bezos, Jevons paradox, jitney, job automation, John Markoff, John von Neumann, Joseph Schumpeter, Kickstarter, Kiva Systems, Lewis Mumford, loss aversion, Lyft, Masayoshi Son, megacity, microapartment, minimum viable product, mortgage debt, New Urbanism, Nick Bostrom, North Sea oil, Ocado, openstreetmap, pattern recognition, Peter Calthorpe, random walk, Ray Kurzweil, Ray Oldenburg, rent-seeking, ride hailing / ride sharing, Rodney Brooks, self-driving car, sharing economy, Shoshana Zuboff, Sidewalk Labs, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, smart cities, Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia, SoftBank, software as a service, sovereign wealth fund, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, surveillance capitalism, technological singularity, TED Talk, Tesla Model S, The Coming Technological Singularity, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The future is already here, The Future of Employment, The Great Good Place, too big to fail, traffic fines, transit-oriented development, Travis Kalanick, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, urban planning, urban sprawl, US Airways Flight 1549, Vernor Vinge, vertical integration, Vision Fund, warehouse automation, warehouse robotics

While Chin’s tricycle confirmed my hunch about the potential for putting self-driving tech into bikes, it was the link to bike sharing that intrigued me. Bike-share is a dead-simple idea that has revolutionized how we ride in cities. Today, millions of shared bikes serve a thousand cities worldwide. They provide 24-7 local transport that’s faster than walking, is more pleasant than transit, and doesn’t emit a trace of greenhouse gas in the process. And as clever as Google’s pranksters were when they poked fun at the idea of a self-driving cycle, they overlooked how useful the capability for riderless operation could be in making bike-share systems work better. As it turns out, the bike-sharing revolution began in Amsterdam, the setting for Google’s spoof, way back when Stanford’s scientists were still cooking up their first self-driving robots.

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Despite several attempts it never secured long-term support from Amsterdam’s city government. After the white bikes, bike sharing vanished until a new generation of activists in Copenhagen revived the idea in the 1990s and succeeded in getting buy-in from authorities. Then, Paris’s Vélib system opened for business in 2007, immediately becoming the photogenic ambassador for the idea’s viral global spread. (Ironically, because Amsterdam is already so overrun with privately owned bikes, city authorities have stubbornly resisted bike-share.) What changed between the 1960s and today to make bike-share a sudden success? Smartphones were one key missing ingredient.

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In a similar fashion, low-power mobile computing is also crucial to bike-share’s light-footprint infrastructure, which allows solar-powered, wirelessly linked stations to be slipped into the underused interstices of cities with minimal cost and fuss. “Docks,” as they’re called, can be installed in spaces no one else wants—along curbs, in corners of plazas, and outside the entrances of transit stations. New York City’s Citi Bike docks, for instance, are delivered by flatbed truck and switched on without laying any wires, cables, or pipes. They aren’t even bolted to the street surface. As lean and mean as today’s bike-share systems are, it wasn’t long before we ditched the docks, bringing us back to the original 1960s setup.

Tech Titans of China: How China's Tech Sector Is Challenging the World by Innovating Faster, Working Harder, and Going Global by Rebecca Fannin

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Adam Neumann (WeWork), Airbnb, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, Benchmark Capital, Big Tech, bike sharing, blockchain, call centre, cashless society, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, clean tech, cloud computing, computer vision, connected car, corporate governance, cryptocurrency, data is the new oil, data science, deep learning, Deng Xiaoping, Didi Chuxing, digital map, disruptive innovation, Donald Trump, El Camino Real, electricity market, Elon Musk, fake news, family office, fear of failure, fulfillment center, glass ceiling, global supply chain, Great Leap Forward, income inequality, industrial robot, information security, Internet of things, invention of movable type, Jeff Bezos, Kickstarter, knowledge worker, Lyft, Mark Zuckerberg, Mary Meeker, megacity, Menlo Park, money market fund, Network effects, new economy, peer-to-peer lending, personalized medicine, Peter Thiel, QR code, RFID, ride hailing / ride sharing, Sand Hill Road, self-driving car, sharing economy, Shenzhen was a fishing village, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, smart cities, smart transportation, Snapchat, social graph, SoftBank, software as a service, South China Sea, sovereign wealth fund, speech recognition, stealth mode startup, Steve Jobs, stock buybacks, supply-chain management, tech billionaire, TechCrunch disrupt, TikTok, Tim Cook: Apple, Travis Kalanick, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, urban planning, Vision Fund, warehouse automation, WeWork, winner-take-all economy, Y Combinator, young professional

Flooded with venture money and backing from Alibaba and Tencent, startups quickly overexpanded in China and overseas, chasing the opportunities with heavy subsidies for riders in a fiercely competitive and opportune, but ultimately money-losing, market. Several bike-sharing startups flopped and went out of business. The bike-sharing era has gone from bunches of colorful, shiny bikes parading city streets and sidewalks to rusted-out frames ditched along the road. Fads come and go quickly in China. Then again, my neighborhood south of San Francisco had lime-colored bike-sharing rentals for about one year. But then, the well-funded startup that was providing them for rent, Lime-Bike (renamed Lime), suddenly collected all the bikes one weekend and since has tried unsuccessfully to get the city to switch to scooters, which could be a more profitable exercise for the young business.

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. $120 million gaming 2014 Alibaba Investments in China Tech Startups Cainiao Lead Co-inv. $1.4 billion smart logistics 2018 Ele.me Acq. $9.5 billion food delivery 2018 Ele.me / Koubei Merger 2018 Koubei Acq. $1 billion local commerce 2017 Xiaohongshu Lead Co-inv. $300 million social e-commerce 2018 Ofo Inv. $866 million bike sharing 2018 SenseTime Inv. $600 million facial recognition 2018 Ofo Inv. $700 million bike sharing 2017 Youku Tudou Acq. $4 billion video sharing 2016 Weibo Inv. $720 million micro-blogging 2016 AutoNavi Acq. $1.5 billion digital mapping 2014 * Note–Inv. is investment; Co-inv. is co-investment; Acq. is acquisition; Lead Inv. is lead investment; Lead Co-inv. is lead co-investment; Und. is undisclosed Sources: Silicon Dragon research, S&P Global Intelligence, annual reports, news releases In the United States, Alibaba has had a mixed record of M&A deals.

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Several Silicon Valley firms still dismiss venture investing in China as too risky, and many in the clubby Sand Hill Road community prefer a comfort zone within a close radius of the Bay Area, fearing the unknown and language and cultural barriers. Experienced China-side venture investors have sometimes struck out. Matrix Partners China, GSR Ventures, and ZhenFund—as well as Alibaba—got caught in China’s bike-sharing craze and meltdown after injecting $2.2 billion into Chinese bike-sharing startup Ofo, which has crashed after so much hype, a victim of overexpansion, competition, and a money-losing business model. Another China deal that cost its investors dearly was failed blogging platform Bokee, funded with $10 million from SoftBank, Bessemer Venture Partners, and Granite Global Ventures (now GGV) a decade ago.

A Brief History of Motion: From the Wheel, to the Car, to What Comes Next by Tom Standage

accelerated depreciation, active transport: walking or cycling, autonomous vehicles, back-to-the-city movement, bike sharing, car-free, carbon footprint, Cesare Marchetti: Marchetti’s constant, Chris Urmson, City Beautiful movement, Clapham omnibus, congestion charging, coronavirus, COVID-19, deep learning, Didi Chuxing, Donald Shoup, driverless car, Elaine Herzberg, Elon Musk, flex fuel, Ford Model T, Ford paid five dollars a day, garden city movement, General Motors Futurama, Ida Tarbell, Induced demand, interchangeable parts, invention of the wheel, James Watt: steam engine, Jane Jacobs, jitney, Joan Didion, John Zimmer (Lyft cofounder), Lewis Mumford, lockdown, Lyft, Marshall McLuhan, minimum wage unemployment, oil shock, Own Your Own Home, peak oil, prompt engineering, Ralph Nader, Richard Florida, ride hailing / ride sharing, Rosa Parks, safety bicycle, self-driving car, social distancing, Steve Jobs, streetcar suburb, tech bro, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, trade route, Travis Kalanick, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, unbiased observer, Unsafe at Any Speed, Upton Sinclair, urban planning, urban sprawl, Victor Gruen, W. E. B. Du Bois, walkable city, white flight, wikimedia commons, Yom Kippur War, Zipcar

Vélib’ inspired similar programs around the world: globally, the number of cities with bike-sharing systems went from around seventy when it launched to more than seven hundred in 2013. Since then, smartphones have boosted the prospects of bike-sharing even further, in two ways. Smartphone apps mean there is no need to sign up for a smart card to use bike sharing. And incorporating a smartphone with satellite-positioning capability into each bicycle means its position can be tracked at all times. That opened the way to “dockless” bike-sharing, a model popularized by two Chinese start-ups, Ofo and Mobike. (Mobike was cofounded by Wang Xiaofeng, who was the general manager of Uber’s Shanghai office at the time.)

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ON YOUR BIKE (AND SCOOTER) Just as the smartphone has rebooted the old idea of the jitney, it has also put a new spin on another mode of transport: the bicycle. In recent years it has boosted the popularity of bike sharing—the short-term rental of bicycles for short trips in urban areas—by resolving many of the problems that had prevented bike sharing from working well. The first bike-sharing program, launched in Amsterdam in 1965, was called Witte Fietsen, which is Dutch for “white bikes.” Luud Schimmelpennink, a designer and political activist, collected a few dozen bicycles, painted them white, and left them around the city, unlocked, so that anyone could use them and then leave them for the next rider.

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But authorities in many cities have confiscated bikes that are improperly parked and imposed restrictions on the operators of dockless programs. As with the early days of ride hailing in private cars, dockless bike sharing has gone from a Wild West free-for-all, in which rival start-ups compete to sign up customers, to a steadily more regulated environment. The latest twist on bike sharing is the option to rent electric bikes, which use a motor to assist the rider and make longer journeys less strenuous. The dockless bike-sharing model, combined with improvements in batteries and electric propulsion, has also led to a flowering of start-ups offering electric scooters, or e-scooters, for short trips.

How Cycling Can Save the World by Peter Walker

active transport: walking or cycling, bike sharing, Boris Johnson, car-free, correlation does not imply causation, Crossrail, Donald Shoup, driverless car, Enrique Peñalosa, fixed-gear, gentrification, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Ken Thompson, Kickstarter, meta-analysis, New Journalism, New Urbanism, post-work, publication bias, safety bicycle, Sidewalk Labs, Stop de Kindermoord, TED Talk, the built environment, traffic fines, Traffic in Towns by Colin Buchanan, transit-oriented development, urban planning

But for many people it’s simply too much bother. This is one of the many accidental effects of helmet compulsion. Even in a youthful, vibrant, and otherwise innovative city like Melbourne, a bike-share program is a nonstarter. A small if significant opportunity for creating a human-friendly city is lost. Clover Moore, the lord mayor of Sydney for more than a decade, says she would also love to create a bike-share system there but feels unable to, given the long-standing helmet compulsion law. This comes from the government of the surrounding state, New South Wales, over which she has no control. “I’d like to do it, but with the helmet law it’s not viable,” Moore says.

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This is, of course, particularly the case for shorter distance travel, including trips that link up people to other forms of transport. Dr. John Zacharias, a Beijing-based academic and urban planner who has lived in China for decades, believes cycling could make a return in the country in part through bike-share schemes, allowing people to connect to urban rail stations. “I have this feeling it’s going to take off—bike sharing with metro systems,” he says. “Just now the walking distances don’t allow the metro systems to penetrate very far into residential districts. A bicycle-sharing system extends that by about three times.”11 Anand Babu, meanwhile, is imagining bikes having a key role to connect with a more high-tech transport system—high-speed driverless cars.

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The head of the building team, who’d been very skeptical about the process, called me and said, ‘Where have all those cyclists come from?’ That’s when I knew for sure it was going to work. They came from all over the city.”1 They continued to come. Within a couple of years of the lanes opening, along with other initiatives including a public bike-share system, the number of cycle trips in Seville multiplied elevenfold. This is, admittedly, from a tiny 0.5 percent starting point for trips made by bike.2 The current level, just over 6 percent, is impressive, but nowhere near the standards of an equivalent Dutch or Danish city. Seville’s green-tarmacked bike network, now expanded to seventy-five miles, has its compromises.

Copenhagenize: The Definitive Guide to Global Bicycle Urbanism by Mikael Colville-Andersen

active transport: walking or cycling, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, autonomous vehicles, bike sharing, business cycle, car-free, congestion charging, corporate social responsibility, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, Enrique Peñalosa, functional fixedness, gamification, if you build it, they will come, Induced demand, intermodal, Jane Jacobs, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Kickstarter, Mahatma Gandhi, megaproject, meta-analysis, neurotypical, out of africa, place-making, Ralph Waldo Emerson, safety bicycle, self-driving car, sharing economy, smart cities, starchitect, transcontinental railway, urban planning, urban sprawl, Yogi Berra

It involved pilot projects in Belgium, Catalonia, Italy, and the United Kingdom that improved parking facilities for bikes and also tested bike-share programs available at the stations. I was in charge of getting the logo made and producing posters and materials for the project. It was important to avoid the typical messaging about saving polar bears by riding your bike and to focus instead on faster, easier, and cooler as keywords. A poster campaign from one of the project’s partners, Merseyside Rail, highlighted the ease of use and convenience of their Bike & Go bike-share. In Denmark, Danish State Railways (DSB) has been transporting passengers with bikes almost since the bicycle was invented.

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If a location allows for it, why not design a wind and/or rain shelter, combined with a footrest and railing, for those immobile moments? A bicycle counter gathering valuable data and boosting civic pride. The Copenhagenize Current design for cycle tracks combined with stormwater runoff. Design and concept: The author & Steve Montebello BIKE-SHARE There was bike-share activism in the Netherlands in the 1960s, but really, it all started as an initiative by Mayor Michel Crépeau in La Rochelle, France, in the mid-seventies. The City bought some bikes, painted them yellow, and made them available for people to borrow. I used them in La Rochelle while on holiday there back in the nineties.

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You put in a coin, as with a shopping cart, and got your coin back when you docked the bike. What happened after that was quite extraordinary. There are now well over 1,000 cities around the world with bike-share systems in place. It has been a veritable game-changer in cities—a strong visual message that bikes are back and are being taken seriously but are also providing vital first- and last-mile transport. Bike-share programs should be normal inventory in a city, along with infrastructure on which to ride the bikes safely. SPONGE CITIES There are challenges far greater than reestablishing the bicycle as transport in our cities.

What's Mine Is Yours: How Collaborative Consumption Is Changing the Way We Live by Rachel Botsman, Roo Rogers

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Abraham Maslow, Airbnb, Apollo 13, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, Bernie Madoff, bike sharing, Buckminster Fuller, business logic, buy and hold, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, collaborative consumption, collaborative economy, commoditize, Community Supported Agriculture, credit crunch, crowdsourcing, dematerialisation, disintermediation, en.wikipedia.org, experimental economics, Ford Model T, Garrett Hardin, George Akerlof, global village, hedonic treadmill, Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, information retrieval, intentional community, iterative process, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, late fees, Mark Zuckerberg, market design, Menlo Park, Network effects, new economy, new new economy, out of africa, Paradox of Choice, Parkinson's law, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer lending, peer-to-peer rental, planned obsolescence, Ponzi scheme, pre–internet, public intellectual, recommendation engine, RFID, Richard Stallman, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robert Shiller, Ronald Coase, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, SETI@home, Simon Kuznets, Skype, slashdot, smart grid, South of Market, San Francisco, Stewart Brand, systems thinking, TED Talk, the long tail, The Nature of the Firm, The Spirit Level, the strength of weak ties, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thorstein Veblen, Torches of Freedom, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, traveling salesman, ultimatum game, Victor Gruen, web of trust, women in the workforce, work culture , Yochai Benkler, Zipcar

The Clothing Exchange is able to reach this point more quickly by hosting specific swaps for different clusters of clothing sizes or tastes—for example, teenagers, pregnant moms, and people over sixty-five—and an Excess Baggage Exchange just for shoes, accessories, and handbags. A similar dynamic is at work with the bike-sharing schemes growing in popularity around the world, such as SmartBike in D.C., B-cycle in Hawaii, and OYBike in London. One of the most recent bike-sharing schemes, launched in May 2009, is Montreal’s BIXI (coined from “bike,” plus “taxi”). On taking office, Mayor Delanoë set clear goals to reduce the city’s traffic and carbon emissions and to make the city more livable. He decided he could not just build more cycling paths (Montreal in fact already has a network of more than twenty miles of bike paths); he had to make enough bikes available (and make them cheap enough) so that cycling would become the convenient and attractive choice for people to get around the city.

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Thomas Friedman, “The Inflection Is Near?” New York Times (March 2009), www.nytimes.com/2009/03/08/opinion/08friedman.html. 1. Statistics on online networks taken from “A Day on the Internet,” www.onlineeducation.net/internet. 2. Abha Bhattarai, “Bike-Sharing: Cycling to a City Near You,” Fast Company (June 26, 2009), www.fastcompany.com/blog/abha-bhattarai/abha-bhattarai/bike-sharing-cycling-city-near-you. 3. Statistics on Zilok taken from Reuters release, “Rent Your Way Out of the Credit Crunch Online” (December 5, 2008), http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE4B44DE20081205. 4. Statistics on bartering taken from William Lee Adams, “Bartering: Have Hotel, Need Haircut,” Time (November 2, 2009), http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1931665,00.html. 5.

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More and more friends were selling stuff on craigslist and eBay; swapping books, DVDs, and games on sites such as Swaptree and OurSwaps; and giving unwanted items away on Freecycle and ReUseIt. On a trip to Paris, we saw cyclists pedaling around on sleek-looking bikes with the word “Vélib’” (Paris’s bike-sharing scheme) on their crossbars. A friend in London told us about her new favorite Channel 4 TV program called Landshare. And we kept hearing about the number of people joining Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) programs or local co-ops. We saw stats and stories about online cooperation and the growth in virtual communities.

If Mayors Ruled the World: Dysfunctional Nations, Rising Cities by Benjamin R. Barber

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Aaron Swartz, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, American Legislative Exchange Council, Berlin Wall, bike sharing, borderless world, Boris Johnson, Bretton Woods, British Empire, car-free, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, Celebration, Florida, classic study, clean water, congestion pricing, corporate governance, Crossrail, crowdsourcing, David Brooks, desegregation, Detroit bankruptcy, digital divide, digital Maoism, digital rights, disinformation, disintermediation, edge city, Edward Glaeser, Edward Snowden, Etonian, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, feminist movement, Filter Bubble, gentrification, George Gilder, ghettoisation, global pandemic, global village, Hernando de Soto, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, In Cold Blood by Truman Capote, income inequality, informal economy, information retrieval, Jane Jacobs, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, Lewis Mumford, London Interbank Offered Rate, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, Marshall McLuhan, Masdar, megacity, microcredit, Mikhail Gorbachev, mortgage debt, mutually assured destruction, new economy, New Urbanism, Nicholas Carr, Norman Mailer, nuclear winter, obamacare, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Peace of Westphalia, Pearl River Delta, peer-to-peer, planetary scale, plutocrats, Prenzlauer Berg, profit motive, Ralph Waldo Emerson, RFID, Richard Florida, Ronald Reagan, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, SimCity, Skype, smart cities, smart meter, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, technological determinism, technological solutionism, TED Talk, Telecommunications Act of 1996, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, The future is already here, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tobin tax, Tony Hsieh, trade route, UNCLOS, UNCLOS, unpaid internship, urban sprawl, Virgin Galactic, War on Poverty, zero-sum game

Novel mechanisms of cooperation and common decision making are allowing cities to address, in common, issues of weapons, trade, climate change, cultural exchange, crime, drugs, transportation, public health, immigration, and technology. They need not always be formal: Rey Colón, a Chicago alderman, “first saw how well [bike-share] innovations work on a trip to Seville, Spain.”10 Mayor Rahm Emanuel subsequently made a campaign promise to lay out one hundred miles of “green” protected bike lanes on major Chicago thoroughfares and is currently making good on the promise. New York City’s bike-share program opened in mid-2013. Sharing green ideas among cities and cooperating on slowing climate change in city networks like the C40 with bike-share and pedestrian mall programs are not quite the same thing as ruling the world, but they do indicate that cities are far ahead of states in confronting the daunting challenges of interdependence, if only through voluntary and informal cooperation.

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New York City, an urban sustainability leader, was only the most recent of more than 300 cities worldwide that have introduced bike-share programs (including more than 30 cities in France, 30 in Germany, a dozen in the United States, and at least four in China including Shanghai and Beijing), with cities like Bogotá mandating weekend bikes-only traffic on major thoroughfares—so-called ciclovias. Bike-share programs are often associated with other civic issues and movements, which broadens their membership and increases their civic power. Portland, Oregon, was one of the first cities to have one, back in 1965, reflecting its status as a global green leader. In Tucson, Arizona, the bike-share campaign came out of a movement focused on the homeless and reflecting antiwar sentiment; it was launched under the rubric “bikes not bombs.”

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To begin, such an assembly would represent a modest first step toward formalizing the myriad networks of cities already actively cooperating across borders around issues as mundane an express bus lanes, bike-share programs, and web-based information collection, and as momentous as climate change, nuclear security, and intelligence gathering. It turns out that in cities it is often the mundane issues that affect the momentous ones—bike-shares and express bus lanes are a way to address climate change and emissions, information sharing can be a path to collective security—which is precisely why cities can often achieve the momentous while pursuing the mundane.

Walkable City: How Downtown Can Save America, One Step at a Time by Jeff Speck

A Pattern Language, active transport: walking or cycling, benefit corporation, bike sharing, car-free, carbon footprint, carbon tax, congestion charging, congestion pricing, David Brooks, Donald Shoup, edge city, Edward Glaeser, Enrique Peñalosa, food miles, Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Bilbao, if you build it, they will come, Induced demand, intermodal, invisible hand, it is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends on his not understanding it, Jane Jacobs, Lewis Mumford, meta-analysis, New Urbanism, parking minimums, peak oil, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Florida, skinny streets, smart cities, starchitect, Stewart Brand, tech worker, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, transit-oriented development, Upton Sinclair, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, walkable city, white flight, white picket fence, young professional, zero-sum game, Zipcar

Clearly, they are best limited to residential areas where, indeed, they contribute to property values, as the Bike Realtor will tell you. Finally, investment in a different kind of cycling infrastructure, pioneered in Europe, has begun to take root in American soil: urban bike share. After some small and mostly failed attempts in prior decades, this concept is finally catching on, thanks largely to new technologies that remove some earlier inconveniences. The best-known bike share is the twenty-thousand-bike Vélib system in France, which is considered a resounding success despite the fact that more than 80 percent of its bikes have been damaged, dumped in the Seine, or shipped off to Africa.46 The French program is actually dwarfed by one in Hangzhou, China, where bike stations are located only 330 feet apart, and where not one of the system’s 60,600 bikes has yet to be stolen.47 Recently, Washington, D.C., pioneered large-scale bike sharing in the United States, and our bright red Capital Bikeshare cycles have become a fixture of urban life in the District.

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Steven Erlanger and Maïa de la Baume, “French Ideal of Bicycle-Sharing Meets Reality.” 47. Wikipedia, “Bicycle Sharing System.” 48. Clarence Eckerson, Jr., “The Phenomenal Success of Capital Bikeshare.” 49. Christy Goodman, “Expanded Bike-Sharing Program to Link D.C., Arlington.” 50. “Capital Bikeshare Expansion Planned in the New Year,” D.C. DOT, December 23, 2010. 51. Wendy Koch, “Cities Roll Out Bike-Sharing Programs.” 52. David Byrne, Bicycle Diaries, 278. 53. Lord. STEP 7: SHAPE THE SPACES 1. Thomas J. Campanella, Republic of Shade, 135. 2. Jan Gehl, Cities for People, 4. 3. Ibid., 120, 139, 34. 4. Ibid., 50. 5.

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The best-known bike share is the twenty-thousand-bike Vélib system in France, which is considered a resounding success despite the fact that more than 80 percent of its bikes have been damaged, dumped in the Seine, or shipped off to Africa.46 The French program is actually dwarfed by one in Hangzhou, China, where bike stations are located only 330 feet apart, and where not one of the system’s 60,600 bikes has yet to be stolen.47 Recently, Washington, D.C., pioneered large-scale bike sharing in the United States, and our bright red Capital Bikeshare cycles have become a fixture of urban life in the District. Here’s how it works: you check your smartphone for the location of a bike docking station near you, and make sure that there are bikes available. The city currently has 1,100 bikes distributed among 114 stations.

The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism by Jeremy Rifkin

3D printing, active measures, additive manufacturing, Airbnb, autonomous vehicles, back-to-the-land, benefit corporation, big-box store, bike sharing, bioinformatics, bitcoin, business logic, business process, Chris Urmson, circular economy, clean tech, clean water, cloud computing, collaborative consumption, collaborative economy, commons-based peer production, Community Supported Agriculture, Computer Numeric Control, computer vision, crowdsourcing, demographic transition, distributed generation, DIY culture, driverless car, Eben Moglen, electricity market, en.wikipedia.org, Frederick Winslow Taylor, Free Software Foundation, Garrett Hardin, general purpose technology, global supply chain, global village, Hacker Conference 1984, Hacker Ethic, industrial robot, informal economy, information security, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), intermodal, Internet of things, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, James Watt: steam engine, job automation, John Elkington, John Markoff, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, Julian Assange, Kickstarter, knowledge worker, longitudinal study, low interest rates, machine translation, Mahatma Gandhi, manufacturing employment, Mark Zuckerberg, market design, mass immigration, means of production, meta-analysis, Michael Milken, mirror neurons, natural language processing, new economy, New Urbanism, nuclear winter, Occupy movement, off grid, off-the-grid, oil shale / tar sands, pattern recognition, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer lending, personalized medicine, phenotype, planetary scale, price discrimination, profit motive, QR code, RAND corporation, randomized controlled trial, Ray Kurzweil, rewilding, RFID, Richard Stallman, risk/return, Robert Solow, Rochdale Principles, Ronald Coase, scientific management, search inside the book, self-driving car, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, smart grid, smart meter, social web, software as a service, spectrum auction, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, the built environment, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, the long tail, The Nature of the Firm, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Thomas L Friedman, too big to fail, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, urban planning, vertical integration, warehouse automation, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, web application, Whole Earth Catalog, Whole Earth Review, WikiLeaks, working poor, Yochai Benkler, zero-sum game, Zipcar

According to a study done in 2011, once people car share they tend to change their other mobility behavior, increasing bicycling, walking, and the use of public transportation.6 Bike sharing, in particular, has taken off over the past five years, thanks in part to technological advances like smart cards, touchscreen kiosks for easy check in and deployment, and GPS tracking on the bicycle that allows the rider to integrate bike sharing with car sharing and public transit. The newest innovation, solar-powered electric bicycles, has generated rave reviews from a younger generation. As of 2012, there were 19 bike-sharing programs in North America with over 215,000 users.7 Globally, there are over 100 bike-sharing operations with 139,300 bicycles in service.8 In the United States and Canada, 58 percent of the new IT-based public bike-sharing operations are run by nonprofit organizations, 21 percent are privately owned, and 16 percent are publicly owned and contractor operated.

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As of 2012, there were 19 bike-sharing programs in North America with over 215,000 users.7 Globally, there are over 100 bike-sharing operations with 139,300 bicycles in service.8 In the United States and Canada, 58 percent of the new IT-based public bike-sharing operations are run by nonprofit organizations, 21 percent are privately owned, and 16 percent are publicly owned and contractor operated. The nonprofit operations are the heavy hitters, accounting for 82 percent of the membership and 66 percent of the bicycles used.9 Bike-sharing memberships can be taken out on an annual, monthly, or daily basis, or even be paid for on a trip-by-trip basis. Riders gain access to bikes by swiping membership cards or credit cards, or by checking in via their smartphones. Bike sharing has become very popular in congested metropolitan areas where car traffic is often at a standstill during peak rush hours.

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Bike sharing has become very popular in congested metropolitan areas where car traffic is often at a standstill during peak rush hours. In surveys conducted by Vélib’ bike sharing in Paris and Capital Bikeshare in Washington, D.C., the overwhelming majority of bike sharers said that traveling by bike was faster and more convenient. Bike sharing also saves money that would have gone into operating a car.10 Car sharing also saves households money. In the United States, the average car costs hundreds of dollars a month to own and operate and eats up 20 percent of household income, making it the second-most-expensive cost after housing.

The Rough Guide to Norway by Phil Lee

banking crisis, bike sharing, car-free, centre right, company town, Easter island, glass ceiling, Nelson Mandela, North Sea oil, out of africa, place-making, sensible shoes, sustainable-tourism, three-masted sailing ship, trade route, walkable city, white picket fence

BY BIKE Renting a bicycle is a pleasant way to get around Oslo, particularly as the city has a reasonable range of cycle tracks and many roads have cycle lanes – and, furthermore, central Oslo is not engulfed by traffic thanks to its network of motorway tunnels. Bike rental There is a municipal bike rental scheme (Easter to Nov; oslobysykkel.no) in which bikes are released like supermarket trolleys from racks all over the city. Visitors can join the scheme (and receive the appropriate smartcard) at the tourist office by paying 90kr for a 24hr cycling pass plus a substantial refundable deposit.

The Nation City: Why Mayors Are Now Running the World by Rahm Emanuel

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, Big Tech, bike sharing, blockchain, carbon footprint, clean water, data science, deindustrialization, disinformation, Donald Trump, Edward Glaeser, Enrique Peñalosa, Filter Bubble, food desert, gentrification, high-speed rail, income inequality, informal economy, Jane Jacobs, Kickstarter, Lyft, megacity, military-industrial complex, new economy, New Urbanism, offshore financial centre, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, payday loans, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, San Francisco homelessness, Silicon Valley, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the High Line, transcontinental railway, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, urban planning, War on Poverty, white flight, working poor

BEAM has already been an unqualified success, accounting for more than half of the state’s record $31 billion in exports on 2017. Inspiration for ideas comes from many places. Pete Buttigieg brought dockless bike-sharing to the city of South Bend—making it the first city in the world to have the service at scale—in a roundabout manner. He’d first seen the idea of docked bike-sharing while on a trip to Copenhagen. “But I didn’t think we could afford it because the docking stations were so expensive,” he says. Then one day Miro Weinberger, the mayor of Burlington, Vermont, called him. “He told me that he had seen a dockless bike-sharing setup, but he thought that his city, at 40,000 people or so, was too small to utilize it,” says Buttigieg.

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He initiated some programs that were eventually replicated nationally—the listing of calorie counts in New York City restaurants was later copied by the state of California and then enacted as a law for major restaurant chains in the United States. He was also an inveterate adopter and adapter of the best ideas of others, such as instituting smoking bans (copying California), establishing a bike-sharing program (something the city of Copenhagen had popularized in the mid-1990s), and banning trans fats (originally done by Denmark in 2003). Again, because of his prominent position, his adoption of these initiatives—and his demonstration that they could be done in cities—was transformational. He was a Democrat, and then a Republican, and then an Independent, and then a Democrat again.

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He is the cochair of the Energy Independence and Climate Protection Task Force of the U.S. Conference of Mayors. President Obama appointed him to something called the Task Force on Climate Preparedness and Resilience. He’s had a standing executive order since 2005 for his government to purchase hybrid and biofuel vehicles. He started a bike-sharing program in his city. Under his watch, hundreds of acres of parkland and green spaces have been created within the city limits. He is a big proponent of diversity and told his local newspaper, “When I study the history of our cities, I see that the most important advances take place when people of diverse backgrounds meet.”

AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order by Kai-Fu Lee

"World Economic Forum" Davos, AI winter, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, algorithmic bias, algorithmic trading, Alignment Problem, AlphaGo, artificial general intelligence, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, basic income, bike sharing, business cycle, Cambridge Analytica, cloud computing, commoditize, computer vision, corporate social responsibility, cotton gin, creative destruction, crony capitalism, data science, deep learning, DeepMind, Demis Hassabis, Deng Xiaoping, deskilling, Didi Chuxing, Donald Trump, driverless car, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Erik Brynjolfsson, fake news, full employment, future of work, general purpose technology, Geoffrey Hinton, gig economy, Google Chrome, Hans Moravec, happiness index / gross national happiness, high-speed rail, if you build it, they will come, ImageNet competition, impact investing, income inequality, informal economy, Internet of things, invention of the telegraph, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John Markoff, Kickstarter, knowledge worker, Lean Startup, low skilled workers, Lyft, machine translation, mandatory minimum, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, minimum viable product, natural language processing, Neil Armstrong, new economy, Nick Bostrom, OpenAI, pattern recognition, pirate software, profit maximization, QR code, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, ride hailing / ride sharing, risk tolerance, Robert Mercer, Rodney Brooks, Rubik’s Cube, Sam Altman, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, sentiment analysis, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, SoftBank, Solyndra, special economic zone, speech recognition, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, strong AI, TED Talk, The Future of Employment, Travis Kalanick, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, universal basic income, urban planning, vertical integration, Vision Fund, warehouse robotics, Y Combinator

Each dimension of that universe—WeChat activity, O2O services, ride-hailing, mobile payments, and bike-sharing—adds a new layer to a data-scape that is unprecedented in its granular mapping of real-world consumption and transportation habits. China’s O2O explosion gave its companies tremendous data on the offline lives of their users: the what, where, and when of their meals, massages, and day-to-day activities. Digital payments cracked open the black box of real-world consumer purchases, giving these companies a precise, real-time data map of consumer behavior. Peer-to-peer transactions added a new layer of social data atop those economic transactions. The country’s bike-sharing revolution has carpeted its cities in IoT transportation devices that color in the texture of urban life.

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iResearch estimated in 2017: “China’s Third-Party Mobile Payments Report,” iResearch, June 28, 2017, http://www.iresearchchina.com/content/details8_34116.html. surpassed $17 trillion: Analysis 易观, “中国第三方支付移动支付市场季度监测报告2017年第4季度,” http://www.analysis.cn/analysis/trade/detail/1001257/. for $2.7 billion: Cate Cadell, “China's Meituan Dianping Acquires Bike-Sharing Firm Mobike for $2.7 Billion,” Reuters, April 3, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mobike-m-a-meituan/chinas-meituan-dianping-acquires-bike-sharing-firm-mobike-for-2-7-billion-idUSKCN1HB0DU. three hundred to one: Laffont and Senft, “East Meets West 2017 Keynote.” 4. A TALE OF TWO COUNTRIES “put AAAI on Christmas day”: Sarah Zhang, “China’s Artificial Intelligence Boom,” Atlantic, February 16, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/02/china-artificial-intelligence/516615/. 23.2 percent to 42.8: Dr.

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Once those pieces were in place, Chinese startups set off an explosion of indigenous innovation. They pioneered online-to-offline services that stitched the internet deep into the fabric of the Chinese economy. They turned Chinese cities into the first cashless environments since the days of the barter economy. And they revolutionized urban transportation with intelligent bike-sharing applications that created the world’s largest internet-of-things network. Adding fuel to this fire was an unprecedented wave of government support for innovation. Guo’s mission to build the Avenue of the Entrepreneurs was just the first trickle of what in 2014 turned into a tidal wave of official policies pushing technology entrepreneurship.

Straphanger by Taras Grescoe

active transport: walking or cycling, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, airport security, Albert Einstein, big-box store, bike sharing, Boeing 747, Boris Johnson, British Empire, call centre, car-free, carbon credits, carbon footprint, carbon tax, City Beautiful movement, classic study, company town, congestion charging, congestion pricing, Cornelius Vanderbilt, correlation does not imply causation, David Brooks, deindustrialization, Donald Shoup, East Village, edge city, Enrique Peñalosa, extreme commuting, financial deregulation, fixed-gear, Frank Gehry, gentrification, glass ceiling, Golden Gate Park, Great Leap Forward, high-speed rail, housing crisis, hydraulic fracturing, indoor plumbing, intermodal, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, Jane Jacobs, Japanese asset price bubble, jitney, Joan Didion, Kickstarter, Kitchen Debate, laissez-faire capitalism, Marshall McLuhan, mass immigration, McMansion, megacity, megaproject, messenger bag, mortgage tax deduction, Network effects, New Urbanism, obamacare, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, Own Your Own Home, parking minimums, peak oil, pension reform, Peter Calthorpe, Ponzi scheme, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, sensible shoes, Silicon Valley, Skype, streetcar suburb, subprime mortgage crisis, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the High Line, transit-oriented development, union organizing, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, walkable city, white flight, working poor, young professional, Zipcar

., Minneapolis, Boston, and Chicago have their own, much smaller, versions of Vélib’, and at last count there were 120 bike-share programs worldwide, ranging from the sixty Green Bikes on Chicago’s St. Xavier University campus to the 5,000 bikes in the Chinese city of Guang’zhou. So many Copenhageners already own their own bicycles that City Bikes are mostly used by tourists and business travelers, but systems like Paris’s Vélib’ have transformed a significant number of Parisians into enthusiastic cyclists. For cycle advocates, bike-share systems function like Trojan horses in car-besieged cities. At minimum expense, they introduce people to an alternative to driving.

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Real systemic change came in 2001, with the election of Mayor Bertrand Delanoë, a socialist who declared open war on the “the hegemony of the automobile.” To the shock of drivers, he shut down Pompidou’s riverbank highway during the summer, and covered the asphalt with sand, making the Right Bank of the Seine into a beach—complete with, this being France, topless sunbathers. In 2007, Delanoë introduced Vélib’, the world’s largest bike-sharing program, which allows anyone with a credit card, and now a métro pass, to borrow a sturdy gray bicycle from any one of 1,450 stands around the city. Under Delanoë’s mayoralty, driving in Paris has gotten a lot harder, as reserved busways have removed lanes from Rue de Rivoli and other major thoroughfares.

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Greater Copenhagen has grown following this plan, with each finger bone serving as a transit corridor of S-train lines, thoroughfares, and bike lanes, separated by parks and other green spaces. Copenhagen’s greatest contribution to solving the last-mile problem is probably Bycyklen, or City Bikes, the world’s first large-scale bike-share program, founded in 1995. The free loaner bikes work on the model of a cart in a supermarket parking lot: the bike is freed with a 20-krone coin, a deposit you get back when you return your ride to one of over a hundred stands in the central city. Its most notorious predecessor was the White Bicycle plan, launched in the mid-’60s when an anarchist group scattered several hundred free bicycles around Amsterdam.

Lonely Planet's Best of USA by Lonely Planet

"Hurricane Katrina" Superdome, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Berlin Wall, big-box store, bike sharing, Burning Man, car-free, carbon footprint, Charles Lindbergh, Dr. Strangelove, East Village, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Francisco Pizarro, Frank Gehry, Golden Gate Park, haute cuisine, mass immigration, obamacare, off-the-grid, retail therapy, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, Silicon Valley, South of Market, San Francisco, the High Line, the payments system, transcontinental railway, upwardly mobile, urban planning, urban renewal, Works Progress Administration

Cities, once deeply married to the automobile (Houston, we’re looking at you), have great expanded public transport options, with new light rail lines, express bus lines and dedicated bus lanes. Bike-sharing programs have also exploded across the country, with more than 50 cities offering easy rental (usually by the day and week) for residents and visitors. The benefits – fewer cars on the streets, a bit of exercise for commuters, less carbon in the atmosphere – are obvious, though critics worry about injuries (no bike-sharing programs provide helmets), as well as the long-term financial viability of these often expensive programs. History Demagogues, visionaries and immigrants all contribute to the American story.

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All three airports are also served by express buses ($16) and shuttle vans ($23); such companies include the New York Airport Service Express Bus, which leaves every 20 or so minutes for Port Authority, Penn Station (NYC) and Grand Central Station; and Super Shuttle Manhattan (www.supershuttle.com), which picks you (and others) up anywhere, on demand, with a reservation. BICYCLE Citi Bike (www.citibikenyc.com; 24hr/7 days $11/27) is NYC’s bike-sharing program. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION The Metropolitan Transport Authority (MTA; %718-330-1234; www.mta.info) runs both the subway and bus systems (per ride $2.75). To board, you must purchase a MetroCard, available at subway windows and self-serve machines, which accept change, dollars or credit/debit cards; purchasing many rides at once works out cheaper per trip.

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TRAIN The MBTA Commuter Rail (%800-392-6100, 617-222-3200; www.mbta.com) runs to destinations in the greater Boston area, departing from North Station or South Station as appropriate. The Amtrak (%800-872-7245; www.amtrak.com; South Station) terminal is at South Station. 8 GETTING AROUND TO/FROM THE AIRPORT Logan International Airport is just a few miles from downtown Boston: take the blue-line subway or the silver-line bus. BICYCLE Boston’s bike-share program is the Hubway (www.thehubway.com; 24/72hr membership $6/12, 30/60/90 minutes free/$2/4; h24hr), with 60 Hubway stations around town. For leisurely riding or long trips, rent a bike from Urban AdvenTours. SUBWAY The MBTA (%617-222-3200; www.mbta.com; per ride $2.10-2.65; h5:30am-12:30am Sun-Thu, to 2am Fri & Sat) operates the ‘T.’

Paved Paradise: How Parking Explains the World by Henry Grabar

A Pattern Language, Adam Neumann (WeWork), Airbnb, Albert Einstein, autonomous vehicles, availability heuristic, big-box store, bike sharing, Blue Bottle Coffee, car-free, congestion pricing, coronavirus, COVID-19, digital map, Donald Shoup, edge city, Ferguson, Missouri, Ford Model T, Frank Gehry, General Motors Futurama, gentrification, Google Earth, income inequality, indoor plumbing, Jane Jacobs, Lewis Mumford, Lyft, mandatory minimum, market clearing, megastructure, New Urbanism, parking minimums, power law, remote working, rent control, restrictive zoning, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Seaside, Florida, side hustle, Sidewalk Labs, Silicon Valley, SimCity, social distancing, Stop de Kindermoord, streetcar suburb, text mining, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, TikTok, traffic fines, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, upwardly mobile, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, Victor Gruen, walkable city, WeWork, white flight, Yogi Berra, young professional

The Brooklyn borough president, Marty Markowitz, rewrote the lyrics to “My Favorite Things” and sang “My Favorite Lanes” at a council hearing in protest. (His favorite lanes were not bike lanes.) A wave of prospectors came upon the curb with new visions of what should happen there: bus lanes, bike-share stations, food trucks, car-share parking, parklets, loading zones for freight, pickup and drop-off areas. Then there was Citi Bike, the bike-share system whose stations required swapping hundreds of car parking spots for thousands of bike parking spots. Dorothy Rabinowitz, a member of The Wall Street Journal editorial board, argued the failed community revolt to halt the Citi Bike stations showed that “the bike lobby is an all-powerful enterprise.”

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“If, instead of parking a car, I erected a Bedouin tent at the curb, fed the meter, and arranged inside the tent a living-room furniture suite, I’d be hauled off before my sweet tea had time to cool.” That was in 2018. As it turned out, the bike-share stations were just breaking the surface of what might be possible. * * * Despite the controversy, Janette Sadik-Khan’s projects did not put much of a dent in the city’s supply of three million curb parking spaces. But the bike-share stations did exemplify, on an enormous scale, a new way of thinking about the curb that went beyond the old parking meter. Not surprisingly, one company interested in thinking about curb uses besides parking was Uber—the ride-hail giant whose cars now made up a significant share of traffic in central business districts, often stopping for minutes at a time to pick up or drop off passengers, but rarely parking.

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If an eighty-foot bus stop served 100 straphangers in four hours, 6.25 people were served per hour per twenty feet of curb. In reality, bus stops serve far more people than that—in San Francisco, a bus stop served about 160 times more people per foot of curb per hour than on-street parking. Between bus stops and car storage on the productivity index were a variety of other uses: bike-share stations, food trucks, car-share parking, parklets, loading zones for freight, pickup and drop-off zones (hence Uber’s interest in the question). Human utility was a squishy metric, but you could weigh curb access in cold, hard cash, too. What made New York’s ice cream truck sting Operation Meltdown anomalous was the method of ticket avoidance—but not the number of tickets the drivers received.

Lonely Planet Andalucia: Chapter From Spain Travel Guide by Lonely Planet

bike sharing, British Empire, car-free, carbon footprint, centre right, credit crunch, discovery of the americas, Francisco Pizarro, haute cuisine, Kickstarter, Skype, trade route, urban renewal

Held in the September of even-numbered years. CYCLING SEVILLE Offsetting decades of driving chaos, the inauguration of Seville’s Sevici ( 902 01 10 32; www.sevici.es; 7am-9pm) bike-sharing scheme in April 2007 was something of a godsend, even for avowed car-users. Sevici was the second bike-sharing initiative in Spain (there are now nine), opening a couple of weeks after Barcelona’s Bicing program. Despite subsequent bike-sharing projects – Paris’ Vélib was launched in June 2007 – it remains the fifth-largest scheme of its kind in Europe with 2500 bikes. Grab a two-wheeled machine from any one of 250 docking stations and you’ll quickly discover that cycling rather suits this flat, balmy metropolis that was seemingly designed with visceral experiences in mind.

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Two more leading lights are the Vía Verde del Aceite in Jaén province and the Vía Verde Subbética in Córdoba province, which join up at the spectacular Guadajoz viaduct to form an unbroken 111km path. Cycling In a country that has amassed ten Tour de France wins since 1991, pro cycling is a serious business, but there’s a decent infrastructure for amateurs as well. Andalucía has widespread bike hire opportunities, prescribed bike trails, and a growing number of urban bike-sharing schemes (Click here). Pockets of the cycling fraternity have even embraced that heretical American invention, mountain biking. Off-road bikes are well suited to the region’s rugged terrain. Hot-spots include the El Chorro region, Parque Natural Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas, and Las Alpujarras.

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Best Places to Eat »Vinería San Telmo (Click here) »Los Coloniales (Click here) »Bar-Restaurante Eslava (Click here) »Restaurante Egaña Oriza (Click here) Best Places to Stay »Hotel Casa 1800 (Click here) »Hotel Amadeus (Click here) »Hotel San Gil (Click here) »Hotel Sacristía de Santa Ana (Click here) Getting Around Seville offers a multitude of ways to get around, though walking still has to be the best option, especially in the centre. The Sevici bike-sharing scheme has made cycling easy and bike lanes are now almost as ubiquitous as pavements. The tram has recently been extended to the station of San Bernardo but its routes are still limited. Buses are more useful than the metro to link the main tourist sights. The recent ‘greening’ of the city has made driving increasingly difficult as whole roads in the city centre are now permanently closed to traffic; park on the periphery.

Israel & the Palestinian Territories Travel Guide by Lonely Planet

active transport: walking or cycling, airport security, Albert Einstein, back-to-the-land, bike sharing, biodiversity loss, carbon footprint, centre right, clean water, coronavirus, flag carrier, G4S, game design, gentrification, high-speed rail, illegal immigration, information security, Khartoum Gordon, Louis Pasteur, sensible shoes, Silicon Valley, Skype, South China Sea, special economic zone, spice trade, Suez canal 1869, trade route, urban planning, Yom Kippur War, zero-sum game

The city now has about 120km of dedicated bike paths running along many of the major thoroughfares, through Park HaYarkon and along the coastline from just north of Sde Dov airport southward, via Jaffa, to the suburb of Bat Yam. A free map of the bike-path network can be picked up at tourist information offices. In 2011, the municipality introduced Tel-O-Fun (%6070; www.tel-o-fun.co.il), a citywide bike-rental scheme similar to Paris’ Vélib’. Intended for commuters, it lets riders pick up and drop off the green bicycles at over 75 docking stations. A daily access card costs 17NIS (23NIS between 2pm Friday and 7pm Saturday) and a weekly card costs 70NIS. The first 30 minutes of usage are free; after that – to encourage quick turnover – there are fees that get progressive higher, starting at NIS5 per 30 minutes and quickly rising to 20NIS, 40NIS, 80NIS and then 100NIS an hour.

The End of Traffic and the Future of Transport: Second Edition by David Levinson, Kevin Krizek

2013 Report for America's Infrastructure - American Society of Civil Engineers - 19 March 2013, 3D printing, American Society of Civil Engineers: Report Card, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, Bay Area Rapid Transit, big-box store, bike sharing, carbon tax, Chris Urmson, collaborative consumption, commoditize, congestion pricing, crowdsourcing, DARPA: Urban Challenge, dematerialisation, driverless car, Dutch auction, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Ford Model T, Google Hangouts, high-speed rail, Induced demand, intermodal, invention of the printing press, jitney, John Markoff, labor-force participation, Lewis Mumford, lifelogging, Lyft, means of production, megacity, Menlo Park, Network effects, Occam's razor, oil shock, place-making, pneumatic tube, post-work, printed gun, Ray Kurzweil, rent-seeking, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robert Gordon, self-driving car, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, tacit knowledge, techno-determinism, technological singularity, Tesla Model S, the built environment, The future is already here, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, transaction costs, transportation-network company, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, urban renewal, women in the workforce, working-age population, Yom Kippur War, zero-sum game, Zipcar

David's garage has 1 light truck and 3 bikes. 202 Figure 8.3 Source: McCarthy, Niall "Bikesharing Takes Off" Statista http://www.statista.com/chart/1148/bike-sharing-takes-off/ . 203 Which isn't surprising, by definition socialists don't respect property. 204 Few people will of course take a bikeshare bike from Minneapolis to Chicago, but Minneapolitans should automatically be able to use the Chicago system (and vice versa). And like the electric inter-urban users of yore (one could take an electric inter-urban (trolley) from Elkhart Lake Wisconsin to Oneonta, New York, it was said), one should be able to bike share between major places, even if transferring bikes periodically. 205 Figures 4.3 and 4.4 from Nice Ride Five-Year Assessment and Strategic Plan https://www.niceridemn.org/_asset/dvhz30/Nice-Ride-Five-Year-Assessment-060415.pdf 206 The television show Portlandia satirizes this in the skit "Is the Chicken Local?"

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A related aim is broadening the subscriptions globally, so that memberships can be used on any system in the world.204 Nice Ride, the largest bikesharing system in Minnesota, has shown continuous growth from 2010 through 2015, as shown in Figure 8.4.205 This is complemented by a significant increase in those years in bicycle-dedicated infrastructure, including separated bike-lanes. More bike traffic is expected to have a safety-in-numbers property that crash rates per bicyclist will decline with an increase in the number of bicycles. Bikesharing can function as an extender of transit service, as people take transit, transfer to a bike-share to reach a final destination (or for recreation), and to return to the transit stop. This requires a station at the destination end, or the destination to be short duration. Future bikesharing need not be be station-based (with GPS and smart-phone apps), just as Car2Go allows cars to be parked on any city street in many markets.

What's Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy by Tom Slee

4chan, Airbnb, Amazon Mechanical Turk, asset-backed security, barriers to entry, Benchmark Capital, benefit corporation, Berlin Wall, big-box store, bike sharing, bitcoin, blockchain, Californian Ideology, citizen journalism, collaborative consumption, commons-based peer production, congestion charging, Credit Default Swap, crowdsourcing, data acquisition, data science, David Brooks, democratizing finance, do well by doing good, don't be evil, Dr. Strangelove, emotional labour, Evgeny Morozov, gentrification, gig economy, Hacker Ethic, impact investing, income inequality, independent contractor, informal economy, invisible hand, Jacob Appelbaum, Jane Jacobs, Jeff Bezos, John Zimmer (Lyft cofounder), Kevin Roose, Khan Academy, Kibera, Kickstarter, license plate recognition, Lyft, machine readable, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Max Levchin, move fast and break things, natural language processing, Netflix Prize, Network effects, new economy, Occupy movement, openstreetmap, Paul Graham, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer lending, Peter Thiel, pre–internet, principal–agent problem, profit motive, race to the bottom, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, rent control, ride hailing / ride sharing, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, software is eating the world, South of Market, San Francisco, TaskRabbit, TED Talk, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, the long tail, The Nature of the Firm, Thomas L Friedman, transportation-network company, Travis Kalanick, Tyler Cowen, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, ultimatum game, urban planning, WeWork, WikiLeaks, winner-take-all economy, Y Combinator, Yochai Benkler, Zipcar

If you don’t have the skills yourself, you could call on TaskRabbit to provide a helper; if you need an office space to work, try PivotDesk; if you need to raise funds, go to CrowdTilt; if you need your house cleaned, go to Homejoy’s web site; if you need a place to park your car, try ParkAtMyHouse; if you want to rent a bike or surfboard, reach out to Spinlister. There are Sharing Economy organizations sprouting up for all kinds of activities. Getting around is the most prevalent offering, represented by ridesharing companies (Lyft, Sidecar), car sharing (RelayRides), bike sharing (Spinlister, Divvy), and more. Sharing meals and sharing household goods are popular, and personal services such as house cleaning (Homejoy, Proprly) and errands (TaskRabbit, PiggyBee) all have a presence too. Almost all of these organizations have started in the last few years. Peers partners come from around the world.

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The taxi service is just one part of a larger traffic management problem that cities continually struggle with, and municipal governance allows it to be balanced with other parts of the urban transit landscape such as bus services and subway services, and to fit in with other management techniques such as congestion charging. The sheer number of cities around the world also means that transit innovations can be and are imitated from city to city, such as the municipal car-sharing and bike-sharing programs that have blossomed in cities around the world over the last decade. From balancing consumer and driver interests, to providing predictable pricing, to ensuring individual cars are safe and that the system as a whole fits into the puzzle that is urban traffic, there is more to transit than a simple market exchange.

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The Sharing Economy’s complete neglect of the history of collaborative and co-operative movements is one of the reasons it has been so easy for business to co-opt. People who support the ideas behind sharing can do better working with cities than allying with venture capitalists. Cities have been innovative in many non-commercial sharing initiatives. In transit there are the car-sharing and widely-imitated bike-sharing initiatives of Paris; there are new ideas around public transit; new initiatives around green taxi services. One of the benefits of city-level initiatives is that citizens can take the best from other places and lobby for adoption in their home town, so that cities can learn from each other. Evgeny Morozov calls the idea that technology provides a fix for complex social problems “solutionism,” and it is unfortunately endemic among those who promote the Sharing Economy.24 What is called for is a little modesty on the part of those who identify with new technologies.

Lonely Planet's Best in Travel 2020 by Lonely Planet

Airbnb, bike sharing, car-free, carbon footprint, Easter island, food desert, happiness index / gross national happiness, high-speed rail, Hyperloop, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), off-the-grid, rewilding, Ronald Reagan, sustainable-tourism, trade route

Elsewhere, cultural touchpoints include the Denver Art Museum, the Clyfford Still Museum and the Boettcher Concert Hall, and make Denver the place to experience the greats, while up-and-coming creative haven River North Art District (aka RiNo) features fledgling artists, microbreweries and humming restaurants. Plus, two new hotels, the Ramble and the Source, have just opened in the heart of RiNo, making this neighborhood a perfect home base for exploring. With a well-established bike share, plus 137km of paved trails and an extensive public transport system, the city is easier to get around without a car than ever before. UNMISSABLE EXPERIENCES • Admire the art and architecture of the Denver Art Museum, which houses one of the country’s largest collections of Native American art

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• By Karyn Noble BEST SUSTAINABLE TRIPS FOR FAMILIES If your family loves to travel but you all worry about the environmental, social and economic effect of doing so, then it’s time to take a more sustainable approach to your trips. We’ve identified ten destinations where you can minimise the impact of your family’s travels. 1 AUSTRIA Explore the kid-friendly Austrian capital of Vienna, which offers more organic farmland than any other city and has both ‘Green Taxis’ and plenty of bike-share stations for getting around. Find a small-scale farmstay for accommodation, then keep the family’s legs moving by cycling, hiking and swimming in Weissensee. Make time for a visit to Werfenweng: a car-free, playground-rich lakeside town with green vehicles for visitors. Vienna has a large number of playgrounds, some fantastic museums for children and the splendid Schloss Schönbrunn where kids can dress up

World Travel: An Irreverent Guide by Anthony Bourdain, Laurie Woolever

anti-communist, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, bike sharing, Brexit referendum, British Empire, colonial rule, company town, COVID-19, deindustrialization, Donald Trump, Easter island, European colonialism, flag carrier, gentrification, glass ceiling, Haight Ashbury, haute cuisine, Kibera, low cost airline, megacity, off-the-grid, Pier Paolo Pasolini, place-making, ride hailing / ride sharing, spice trade, tech bro, trade route, walkable city, women in the workforce

There’s also a SkyBus shuttle that runs frequently between the airport and the city, which is A$19/US$13 one way or A$36/US$25 round trip (www.skybus.com.au). Once in the city, you can avail yourself of Melbourne’s extensive public transportation system, composed of trains, buses, and trams, all under the umbrella of Public Transport Victoria (www.ptv.vic.gov.au). The city also has a bike-share program, and taxis can be hailed on the street or engaged from dozens of ranks around the city. MARKETING AND CHOWING DOWN IN MELBOURNE * * * “Queen Vic Market is a sprawling, busy indoor area where it seems everyone comes for their vegetables, fish, dairy, and meat, avocados, monkfish, excellent slabs of meat—for not too much money.”

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Almost every plan we had to film during the fête had to be abandoned. A meal was arranged, our last time together, the destination on the other side of Lyon. I couldn’t reach it. There were no taxis, because no vehicles were allowed on the streets. There was a two-hour wait to get into the metro. The city has a bike-sharing system, but had no available bikes. I walked a mile, finally found one bike, rode as fast as possible, and arrived, late, in a sweat. It was my last moment in Lyon with Tony, and somehow it seemed apposite, in a city that we all believed we could convey the spirit of, only to keep discovering that it was more complex, more mystical, just outright bigger in every way than any one of us could have known beforehand.

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Buy tickets and consult maps in the stations; the Régie autonome des transports parisiens (RATP), which operates the Metro, has created a fantastic free smartphone app with maps, schedules, service alerts and more—in English!—so you really have no excuse. Taxis are widely available in Paris, lined up at one of 128 taxi stands around the city, or, increasingly, with drivers willing to be hailed if they’re fifty meters or more from a stand. For city cyclists, there’s also the Vélib’, a self-service bike share system (www.velib-metrople.fr). CAFÉ CULTURE * * * Whether or not you have some time to kill before checking in to your hotel, find a nearby café in which to acclimate yourself. “Ah, Paris, city of light, city of love, city of . . . breakfast? Yes, please. The most important thing to do the instant you arrive in Paris is stop.

Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia by Anthony M. Townsend

1960s counterculture, 4chan, A Pattern Language, Adam Curtis, air gap, Airbnb, Amazon Web Services, anti-communist, Apple II, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Big Tech, bike sharing, Boeing 747, Burning Man, business process, call centre, carbon footprint, charter city, chief data officer, clean tech, clean water, cloud computing, company town, computer age, congestion charging, congestion pricing, connected car, crack epidemic, crowdsourcing, DARPA: Urban Challenge, data acquisition, Deng Xiaoping, digital divide, digital map, Donald Davies, East Village, Edward Glaeser, Evgeny Morozov, food desert, game design, garden city movement, General Motors Futurama, gentrification, Geoffrey West, Santa Fe Institute, George Gilder, ghettoisation, global supply chain, Grace Hopper, Haight Ashbury, Hedy Lamarr / George Antheil, Herman Kahn, hive mind, Howard Rheingold, interchangeable parts, Internet Archive, Internet of things, Jacquard loom, Jane Jacobs, Jevons paradox, jitney, John Snow's cholera map, Joi Ito, Khan Academy, Kibera, Kickstarter, knowledge worker, Lewis Mumford, load shedding, lolcat, M-Pesa, machine readable, Mark Zuckerberg, megacity, megaproject, messenger bag, mobile money, mutually assured destruction, new economy, New Urbanism, Norbert Wiener, Occupy movement, off grid, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), openstreetmap, packet switching, PalmPilot, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Parag Khanna, patent troll, Pearl River Delta, place-making, planetary scale, popular electronics, power law, RFC: Request For Comment, RFID, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robert Gordon, scientific management, self-driving car, sharing economy, Shenzhen special economic zone , Silicon Valley, SimCity, Skype, smart cities, smart grid, smart meter, social graph, social software, social web, SpaceShipOne, special economic zone, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Stuxnet, supply-chain management, technoutopianism, Ted Kaczynski, telepresence, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, too big to fail, trade route, Twitter Arab Spring, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, undersea cable, Upton Sinclair, uranium enrichment, urban decay, urban planning, urban renewal, Vannevar Bush, working poor, working-age population, X Prize, Y2K, zero day, Zipcar

But cities have become highly adept at sharing and copying new innovations on their own, as evidenced in an accelerating diffusion of good ideas. Bus rapid transit, a scheme for improving the capacity of bus lines with dedicated lanes and other clever tweaks, has taken forty years to spread from its birthplace in Curitiba, Brazil, in 1974 to over 120 cities all over the world.32 Public bike sharing, which surged onto the global stage with the launch of Paris’s Vélib system in 2007, has reached a similar footprint in just a few years. Today, there is a bustling trade not just in case studies and best practices of smart-city innovations but actual working technology: code, computer models, data, and hardware designs.

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Soon, it may take its place alongside the handful of international cognates—vaguely evocative terms like “sustainability” and “globalization”—that no one bothers to translate because there’s no consensus about what they actually mean. When people talk about smart cities, they often cast a wide net that pulls in every new public-service innovation from bike sharing to pop-up parks. The broad view is important, since cities must be viewed holistically. Simply installing some new technology, no matter how elegant or powerful, cannot solve a city’s problems in isolation. But there really is something going on here—information technology is clearly going to be a big part of the solution.

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Pradas beckons me outside to a rack of public bicycles just outside and taps a card to unlock my ride. I offer some euros, but he shrugs and smiles. “It’s OK, it’s my daughter’s card.” A stunningly simple innovation for a world of face recognition and predictive modeling, the citizen card is a key that unlocks Zaragoza both online and in the real world. The same card that unlocks a bike share will get you on the Wi-Fi, check out your books at the library, and pay for the bus ride home. Shops and cafés offer cardholders discounts, which has made the program wildly successful—over 20 percent of the city’s 750,000 residents signed up in the first year. As Sarasa explains, “This is all about engagement. . . .”

Coastal California Travel Guide by Lonely Planet

1960s counterculture, Airbnb, airport security, Albert Einstein, anti-communist, Apollo 11, Apple II, Asilomar, back-to-the-land, Bay Area Rapid Transit, bike sharing, Burning Man, buy and hold, California gold rush, call centre, car-free, carbon footprint, company town, Day of the Dead, Donner party, East Village, El Camino Real, Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, flex fuel, Frank Gehry, gentrification, glass ceiling, Golden Gate Park, Haight Ashbury, haute couture, haute cuisine, income inequality, intermodal, Joan Didion, Kickstarter, Loma Prieta earthquake, low cost airline, Lyft, machine readable, Mason jar, military-industrial complex, New Journalism, Northpointe / Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions, off-the-grid, Peoples Temple, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, Saturday Night Live, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, South of Market, San Francisco, starchitect, stealth mode startup, stem cell, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Stewart Brand, trade route, transcontinental railway, uber lyft, Upton Sinclair, upwardly mobile, urban sprawl, Wall-E, white picket fence, Whole Earth Catalog, women in the workforce, working poor, Works Progress Administration, young professional, Zipcar

Bicycles are also allowed on Metro Rail trains at all times. LA has a number of bike-sharing programs. The following are especially useful for visitors: Metro Bike Share (https://bikeshare.metro.net) Has more than 60 self-serve bike kiosks in the Downtown area, including Chinatown, Little Tokyo and the Arts District. Pay using your debit or credit card ($3.50 per 30 minutes) or TAP card, though you will first need to register it on the Metro Bike Share website. The smartphone app offers real-time bike and rack availability. Breeze Bike Share (www.santamonicabikeshare.com; per hour $7, monthly/annually $25/99) Runs self-serve kiosks all over Santa Monica, Venice and Marina del Rey.

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BART The fastest link between downtown and the Mission District also offers transit to SF airport (SFO; $8.95), Oakland ($3.45) and Berkeley ($4). Four of the system's five lines pass through SF before terminating at Daly City or SFO. Within SF, one-way fares start at $1.95. Bicycle Contact the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition for maps, information and legal matters regarding bicyclists. Bike sharing is new in SF: racks for Bay Area Bike Share (%855-480-2453; www.bayareabikeshare.com; 30-day membership $30) are located east of Van Ness Ave, and in the SoMa area; however, bikes come without helmets, and biking downtown without proper protection can be particularly dangerous. Bicycles can be taken on BART, but not aboard crowded trains, and never in the first car, nor in the first three cars during weekday rush hours; folded bikes are allowed in all cars at all times.

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Better World Club (%866-238-1137; www.betterworldclub.com) Annual membership in the bicycle club (from $40) gets you two 24-hour emergency roadside-assistance calls and transport within a 30-mile radius. California Bicycle Coalition (http://calbike.org) Links to cycling route maps, events, safety tips, laws, bike-sharing programs and community nonprofit bicycle shops. Road Rules ACycling is allowed on all roads and highways – even along freeways if there’s no suitable alternative, such as a smaller parallel frontage road; all mandatory exits are marked. ASome cities have designated bicycle lanes, but make sure you have your wits about you in traffic.

The Fourth Revolution: The Global Race to Reinvent the State by John Micklethwait, Adrian Wooldridge

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Admiral Zheng, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Asian financial crisis, assortative mating, banking crisis, barriers to entry, battle of ideas, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, bike sharing, Boris Johnson, Bretton Woods, British Empire, cashless society, central bank independence, Chelsea Manning, circulation of elites, classic study, Clayton Christensen, Corn Laws, corporate governance, credit crunch, crony capitalism, Deng Xiaoping, Detroit bankruptcy, disintermediation, Disneyland with the Death Penalty, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Etonian, failed state, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, Gunnar Myrdal, income inequality, James Carville said: "I would like to be reincarnated as the bond market. You can intimidate everybody.", junk bonds, Khan Academy, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, Kodak vs Instagram, labor-force participation, laissez-faire capitalism, land reform, Les Trente Glorieuses, liberal capitalism, Martin Wolf, means of production, Michael Milken, minimum wage unemployment, mittelstand, mobile money, Mont Pelerin Society, Nelson Mandela, night-watchman state, Norman Macrae, obamacare, oil shale / tar sands, old age dependency ratio, open economy, Parag Khanna, Peace of Westphalia, pension reform, pensions crisis, personalized medicine, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, popular capitalism, profit maximization, public intellectual, rent control, rent-seeking, ride hailing / ride sharing, road to serfdom, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, school choice, school vouchers, Shenzhen special economic zone , Silicon Valley, Skype, special economic zone, TED Talk, the long tail, three-martini lunch, too big to fail, total factor productivity, vertical integration, War on Poverty, Washington Consensus, Winter of Discontent, working-age population, zero-sum game

Around the world local governments are reasserting themselves, upending national politics, and scrambling old ideological divisions in the process. Local governments have some of the most vivid figures, such as Rahm Emanuel in Chicago and Ron Huldai in Tel Aviv. They also have some of the great ideological cross-dressers: In London Boris Johnson, a conservative, embraced what he called “an entirely communist scheme” of bike sharing while his predecessor, “Red” Ken Livingstone, introduced the entirely free-market scheme of road pricing. Local politicians are increasingly leaping over national politicians in the public mind. People not only trust them far more but are often more interested in what they have to say as well.

…

The same is true of states: Jerry Brown has been particularly active in forging relations between California and local Chinese authorities. Ideas are also leaping from one local government to another without going through the medium of national governments: Over three hundred cities have introduced bike-sharing programs, for example. The old world, where the most important global relations were between national governments or capital cities, is being replaced by a much more networked world in which successful mayors and governors weave ever-more-complicated webs of relationships with one another. A LITTLE EXPERIMENTATION The final curse of the old state that we hope the Fourth Revolution will dispel is in a sense the sum of the others: immobilisme.

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., 182 Arnold, Matthew, 58 Asia: aging population of, 165 economic crisis of 1997 in, 142–43 pensions in, 141–42 in sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, 34–36 Asquith, Herbert, 61 Australia: civil service in, 215 overlapping areas of government responsibility in, 108 “Austrian school,” 83 automobile industry, 189, 190, 191 Bagehot, Walter, 128 Balázs, Étienne, 40 Balcerowicz, Leszek, 96 ballot initiatives, 127 Bangalore, India, 201, 218 Bank of England, 43 Barboza, David, 162 Bartlett, Bruce, 121 Baruch, Bernard, 233 “basic minimum,” 87 Baumol, William, 19, 110, 178–79, 187, 222 Baumol’s disease, 19, 109–11, 174, 178–79, 183, 222 Becker, George, 84 Beijing, 34–35 Belgium, 228 Bell, Daniel, 157 Bentham, Jeremy, 49, 57, 85 Berggruen, Nicolas, 124, 129, 131, 159 Berlin, Isaiah, 48, 226, 228 Berlin Wall, 253 Berlusconi, Silvio, 12, 128, 196, 227 Bertelsmann Foundation, 143 Best Party, 261 Bevan, Aneurin, 75 Beveridge, William, 74, 75, 78, 90, 97, 245 Beveridge Report, 74 bike sharing, 216–17, 219 Bildt, Carl, 175 Bill of Rights, English (1689), 43 Bill of Rights, U.S., 226, 250 Bismarck, Otto von, 6, 7, 60, 174–75 Blair, Tony, 96, 194, 262 on small government, 95, 211–14 Bleak House (Dickens), 50 Bloom, Nick, 191 Bloomberg, Michael, 196–97, 217 Bloomberg Businessweek, 129–30 Boao Forum for Asia, 153 Bodin, Jean, 29 Boer War (1899–1902), 61 Böhlmark, Anders, 176 Bolsa Família, 206 Booth, Charles, 66 Boston, Mass., 210 Boston Consulting Group, 172 Boston Tea Party, 240 Bourbon Restoration (1814), 46 Bo Xilai, 154, 218 Brandeis, Louis, 263 Brazil, 13, 18, 96, 153 entitlement reform in, 17, 206 breakaway nations, 260 Bright, John, 56 British Airways, 94 British Gas, 94 British Medical Association, 114 British Rail, 213 British Telecom, 94, 234 Brown, George, 134 Brown, Gordon, 99, 130, 215 Brown, Jerry, 10, 91, 106, 119, 125, 219 fiscal reforms of, 118, 129–30 Brown, Pat, 105–6, 124–25 Buchanan, James, 84, 262 Bureau of Corporations, 72 Bureau of Land Management, 236 Bush, George H.W., 95 Bush, George W., 10, 98, 164, 177, 198, 255, 262 business sector: globalization and, 191, 193 innovation in, 194 productivity in, 18–19 reinvention of, 189–92 technology and, 191 Butler, R.A., 75 California, 105–32 ballot initiatives in, 127 Baumol’s disease and, 109–11 constitution of, 107 deficit in, 118–19 education in, 111 as exemplar of Western state failures, 106–7 fiscal reform in, 129–30 old and well-off as primary beneficiaries of public spending in, 122–23 outdated governmental system of, 107–8 pensions in, 113, 115, 119–20, 130 political polarization in, 124–25 population of, 108 prison system in, 112–13 proliferation of regulation in, 116 Proposition 13 in, 91, 92, 107 public contempt for government in, 106, 112 public-sector unions in, 112–15, 120 special interest groups in, 112–15 taxes in, 116, 129 unfunded liabilities in, 119, 129, 130 California Board of Barbering and Cosmetology, 116 California Correctional Peace Officers Association (CCPOA), 112–13 California Environmental Quality Act (1970), 117 California Public Policy Center, 119 California Teachers Association, 113 Cameron, David, 130–31, 158, 199, 215 Canada, 199 Capio, 171–72 capitalism, 50–54 democracy’s presumed link to, 261–62 inequality and, 262–63 state, see state capitalism as supposedly self-correcting, 70 Capitalism and Freedom (Friedman), 86 Cardoso, Fernando Henrique, 96 Carlino, Gerald, 218 Carlyle, Thomas, 44, 57 Carney, Mark, 215 Carswell, Douglas, 260 Carter, Jimmy, 198 Carville, James, 97 Castiglione, Baldassare, 33 Catholics, 38 Cato Institute, 238 Cavendish, William, 31, 40 Cavendish family, 31, 47 Cawley, James, 204 CCTV cameras, 182, 226 Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 124 Central Party School, 150, 156 Central Provident Fund, 140 Centre for Policy Studies, 92 centrism, 95, 98 Chamberlain, Joseph, 66 Charles I, King of England, 31 Charles II, King of England, 32, 38, 42 Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (Dahl), 228 charter schools, 212, 214, 215 Chartists, 51, 58 checks and balances system, 226, 250, 255–56, 265 Chidambaram, Palaniappan, 96 Child, Josiah, 39 Childs, Marquis, 169 China, Imperial, 37 bureaucracy of, 37, 40–41 innovation disdained by, 41 in seventeenth century, 34–36 trade with West rejected by, 41 China, People’s Republic of: aging population of, 164, 183 Asian-state model in, 136–37, 145, 149, 152, 156 Communist ideology in, 63, 145 corruption in, 4, 18, 148, 149, 186 Cultural Revolution in, 156 economy of, 3, 146, 163 education in, 147, 148–49, 164 efficiency of government in, 146, 153, 159 elitism in, 161–62 governmental changeover in, 159 health care in, 164 health insurance in, 141, 156 India contrasted with, 146, 153 lack of public confidence in, 13 leadership training in, 105 local government in, 160–61, 217–18 long-term outlook of, 159 mandarin tradition of, 138, 156, 157 meritocracy in, 156–63, 164, 254 pensions in, 156, 183 Singapore as model for, 145 slowing of economic growth in, 164 social-service NGOs in, 158 state capitalism in, 64, 149–56, 234 state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in, 150–52, 154–55 urban population increase in, 149 U.S. contrasted with, 147, 153 Western democracy seen as inefficient by, 145 China Executive Leadership Academy in Pudong (CELAP), 1–5, 18, 145, 153, 156 China Mobile, 151 China Youth Daily, 148 Chongqing, China, 218 Christensen, Clayton, 203 chronic diseases, 183, 200, 204 Internet and, 209 Chua, Amy, 143 Churchill, Winston, 68, 75, 247 cities: population growth in, 149, 218 working relationships between, 218–19 Citizens United decision, 240 Civil War, English, 6, 31, 38, 43 Clark, Joseph, 77 class struggle, 62–63 Clinton, Bill, 10, 95, 96–97, 98, 142, 217 Clinton, Hillary, 162 Coase, Ronald, 84, 229 Cobbett, William, 49 Cobden, Richard, 56 Code for America, 216 Coggan, Philip, 263 Cohen, Jared, 210–11 Cohen, Leonard, 185 cold war, 76, 252 Colloquies on Society (Southey), 224–25 commerce, nation-state and, 33 Committee on Social Thought, 83 Common Sense (Paine), 44 Communist Party, Chinese, 63, 145, 153 elitism in, 161–62 as meritocracy, 156–57 Organization Department of, 151 Communists, communism, 7, 8, 63–64, 71, 77, 134, 137, 145, 225 successes of, 90–91, 252 compassion, 61 “compassionate conservatism,” 98 competitive advantage, 189 Condorcet, Nicolas de, 222 Confederation of Medical Associations in Asia and Oceania, 204 Congo, 22 Congress, U.S., 16, 100, 228 approval ratings of, 11 dysfunction in, 256 lobbies and, 238–40, 257 Congressional Budget Office, 15, 242 Congress Party, India, 162 Conservative Party, British (Tories), 11, 69, 75 conservatives, conservatism, 10 “compassionate,” 98 see also Right Constitution, U.S., 108, 109, 256 Fourteenth Amendment of, 120 Constitution of Liberty, The (Hayek), 92 consumer choice, 191 consumption taxes, 123–24 Corn Laws, 50, 238, 240 corruption, 185–86 crime, Western state and, 181–82 Crimean War, 65 Croly, Herbert, 71 Cromwell, Oliver, 32 Cromwell, Thomas, 6, 37 crony capitalism, 72, 112, 155, 234, 237–38, 246, 269 Cultural Revolution, 156 Czech Republic, 252 Darwin, Charles, 59 Das, Gurcharan, 13 Davies, Mervyn, 215 decentralization, 216–19 defense, spending on, 16 Defense Department, U.S., 20 deficits, deficit spending, 14, 100, 118–22, 177, 231–32, 241 unfunded liabilities and, 119, 232 democracy: in Asian-state model, 17 big government as threat to, 251, 264–69 as central tenet of Western state, 5, 8, 16–17, 22–23, 136, 141, 221 Founding Fathers and, 226, 250, 265 Fourth Revolution and, 249–70 globalization and, 262 imperfections of, 17, 127–28, 141, 143–44, 145, 226–27, 247–48, 251, 269 income inequality and, 263 in India, 136, 146 individual freedom as threatened by, 226, 250–51 nation-states and, 259, 262 presumed link to capitalism of, 261–62 as presumed universal aspiration, 261–62 as rooted in culture, 262 scarcity and, 247–48 self-interest and, 250, 260 short-term vs. long-term benefits in, 260–61, 264 special-interest groups and, 16–17, 111–15, 247, 251 strengths of, 263 twentieth-century triumph of, 252 twenty-first-century failures of, 252–61 uneven history of, 249–50 welfare state as threat to, 22, 142 Democracy in America (Tocqueville), 252 Democracy in Europe (Siedentop), 251 Democratic Party, U.S., 97, 240 spending curb approved by, 12 spending cuts opposed in, 100, 255 Democratic Review, 55 Deng Xiaoping, 142 Singapore as inspiration to, 145 Denmark, 22, 210 disability insurance in, 244 “flexicurity” system in, 173, 176 innovation in, 220 1980s financial crisis in, 176 reinvention of welfare state in, 173–74 Depression, Great, 69–70, 85 Detroit, Mich., 218–19 bankruptcy of, 14, 119 Detter, Dag, 236 Dicey, A.V., 57 Dickens, Charles, 50, 57–58 Dirksen, Everett, 192–93 disability-insurance reform, 244 Discovery Group, 211 discretionary spending, 195 diversity, 214–16 DNA databases, 182 Dodd-Frank Act (2010), 117, 239 Doncaster Prison, 214 Downey, Alan, 177 Drucker, Peter, 198 Dubai, 144, 217 Dukakis, Michael, 95 Dundase family, 49–50 East India Company, 36, 40, 47, 48, 50, 56, 150, 240 Eastman Kodak, 190–91 École Nationale d’Administration, 194 economic-freedom index, 174 Economist, 86, 97 Edison, Thomas, 179 education, 7, 9, 16, 48, 58, 197 charter schools in, 212, 214, 215 in China, 147, 148–49, 164 cost/outcome disparities in, 194–95 declining quality of, 111 diverse models for, 214–15 government domination of, 10 international rankings of, 19, 148, 206–7 preschool, 123 reform of, 58–59, 212 in Sweden, 171, 176–77 technology and, 179–80 voucher systems for, 171, 176–77, 220 in welfare state, 68, 69 Education Act (British, 1944), 75 Egypt, 155 failure of democracy in, 253, 262 Mubarak regime overthrown in, 144, 253 Eisenhower, Dwight, 77 elections, U.S., cost of, 257 electrocardiogram (ECG) machines, 205 elitism, 135, 136, 138–39 in Chinese Communist Party, 161–62 in U.S., 162 welfare state and, 77–78 Emanuel, Rahm, 216 emerging world: agriculture in, 238 as failing to grasp technological change, 18 innovation in, 17 lack of public confidence in, 13 local government in, 217 need for reform in, 14 urban population shift in, 218 “End of History, The” (Fukuyama), 262 Energetically Autonomous Tactical Robot (EATR), 182 Enlightenment, 42 entitlement reform, 95, 217, 234, 241–46 beneficiaries’ responsibilities and, 245 conditionality in, 17, 206, 244 disability insurance and, 244 globalization and, 245 information revolution and, 245 in Latin America, 17, 206, 244 means testing and, 243, 245 transparency and, 244–45 entitlements, 9, 10, 15, 16, 79, 100, 127, 141, 222, 228 aging population and, 124, 183–84, 232, 241–42 middle class and, 11, 17 pensions as, 79, 184, 243 as unfunded liabilities, 245–46, 264, 265 universal benefits in, 124, 141, 243–44 equality: capitalism and, 262–63 liberal state and, 69 of opportunity vs. result, 79, 228 sexual, 169 welfare state and, 68–69, 74, 79, 222 Western state and, 221 Equality (Tawney), 69 Erdogan, Recep Tayyip, 13, 254 Estonia, 121, 210 Euclid, 31, 33 eugenics, 67–68, 78, 169 euro, 99, 100, 258 euro crisis, 12, 100, 126, 130, 258–59 Europe: age of conquest in, 36–37, 39 compulsory sterilization in, 78 contest for secular supremacy in, 38–39 democracy’s failures in, 258–59 dysfunctional political systems in, 126 economic crisis in, 126 Enlightenment in, 42 government bloat in, 98–99 mercantilist policies in, 40 national consolidation in, 38–39 old-age dependency ratio in, 14–15 postwar era in, 78 public spending in, 99–100 revolutions of 1848 in, 54 technocratic bent in, 76–77, 259 transnational cooperation in, 76 wars of religion in, 34, 38 welfare state in, 75 European Atomic Energy Community, 76 European Central Bank, 258–59 European Coal and Steel Community, 76 European Commission, 254 European Economic Community, 76 European parliament, 258 European Union, 13, 16, 17, 76, 99, 108, 109, 258–59, 260 Extraordinary Black Book, The (Wade), 49 Exxon, 154 Fabians, 8, 21, 67, 72, 73, 96, 134, 169, 220 Facebook, 190–91 Falklands War, 94 Farrell, Diana, 132 fascism, 8, 71, 77, 252 Fatal Conceit: Errors of Socialism, The (Hayek), 134 Federal Communications Commission, 73 Federalist Papers, 5, 265 Federal Register, 117 Ferdinand II, King of Aragon, 37 filibusters, 256 financial crisis of 2007–8, 100, 164, 263 financial-services industry, 239 Finer, Samuel, 27, 276 Finland, 210 innovation in, 220 1990s financial crisis in, 176 fiscal crisis, as incentive for change, 198 Fisher, Antony, 81–82, 90, 92, 280 “flexicurity,” 173, 176 Ford, Henry, 189, 191, 201 fossil fuels, government subsidies for, 239 Foster, William, 58 Founding Fathers, 108 democracy and, 226, 250, 265 liberal state and, 44–45, 222 Fourteenth Amendment, 120 Fourth Revolution, 5 Asian-state competition as impetus for, 17, 163–64, 247 decentralization and, 216–19 democratic reform and, 249–70 diversity and, 214–16 entitlement reform and, see entitlement reform failure of current model as impetus for, 14–17 freedom and, 247, 248, 268, 270 government efficiency in, 233 ideological foundation of, 21, 28, 221–23, 232 information revolution and, 245, 246–47 infrastructure and, 232 innovation and, 219–20 monetary and fiscal reform in, 266–67 pluralism in, 211–14 as postbureaucratic, 211 pragmatism and, 18–19, 232–33 privatization and, 234–37 security and, 232 small government as principle of, 232, 264–69 subsidy-cutting and, 237–41 technology and, 18, 19–20, 233, 266–67 France, 43, 78 deficit spending in, 14 expanded bureaucracy in, 60 government bloat in, 12 pension age in, 16 public spending in, 75, 99–100 ruling elite of, 194 state capitalism in, 235 Francis I, King of France, 37 Fraser Institute, 174 fraternity, welfare state and, 74, 79 Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, 38 freedom: balance between security and, 230–31 as central tenet of Western state, 8, 23, 46, 68–69, 222, 256 core elements of, 223–24 democracy as threat to, 226, 250–51 diminished concept of, 225–27, 228–29 Fourth Revolution and, 247, 248, 268, 270 Hobbes and, 33 as ideological basis of liberal state, 69, 223–26 Mill and, 47–48, 55, 222, 224, 228, 250, 256, 268 necessary constraints on, 223 welfare state as threat to, 22, 74, 222, 265 see also rights Freedom House, 143, 252 free markets, 49, 59, 142 Friedman as evangelist for, 84, 86 Thatcher and, 93 free trade, 50, 54, 57 Mill’s espousal of, 55 French Revolution, 6, 44, 45–46, 249 Friedman, Milton, 81–87, 89, 93, 106, 128, 171, 280 background of, 82 big government as target of, 82, 84–85, 88 as free-market evangelist, 84, 86 Nobel Prize of, 82, 86, 91 Reagan and, 86 “Road to Hell” lecture of, 84 single currency opposed by, 99 Thatcher-Reagan revolution and, 8, 28, 97, 100 Friedman, Thomas, 163 Friedrich, Carl, 265 Fukuyama, Francis, 142, 143, 256, 262 Future of Freedom, The (Zakaria), 143 G20 countries, 15 Galbraith, John Kenneth, 85, 86 Galtieri, Leopoldo, 94 Galton, Francis, 68 Gardels, Nathan, 124 Gaskell, Elizabeth, 57 Gates, Bill, 97 Gazprom, 152, 153, 154 Geely, 150 General Electric (GE), 205, 243 General Motors (GM), 189, 190, 191, 233 General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, The (Keynes), 70 Geometry (Euclid), 31 George III, King of England, 11, 41 Germany, Federal Republic of (West Germany), 75, 78, 232, 265 Germany, Imperial, 6, 60–61 Germany, Nazi, 71, 232 Germany, unified, 12, 22, 173, 186, 212 gerrymandering, 13, 106, 113, 125, 256–57, 264, 267 see also rotten boroughs Gillray, James, 227 Gladstone, William, 7 economizing by, 51–52, 224 small government as principle of, 51–52, 60 tax policy of, 51 globalization, 10, 191, 193 democracy and, 262 entitlement reform and, 245 government and, 10, 96, 200–207 health care and, 200–201 national determination and, 259–60, 262 Glorious Revolution (1688), 43 GOATs (Government of All the Talents), 215 Godolphin, Sidney, 31 Golden Dawn party, 259 Goldman Sachs, 120 Goldwater, Barry, 80, 86 Google, 189–90, 191, 233 Gore, Al, 95, 131, 198 government: anti-innovation bias of, 194–95, 212, 219 bloat in, 9–11, 18–19, 89–90, 98, 177, 222–23, 227, 229–30, 231, 233 centralization bias of, 192–93, 212, 216 challenges to reform in, 196–98 coercive power of, 198 efficiency of, 18–21, 37, 89, 187, 198–99, 213, 233, 247, 255 entrenched workforce of, 193–94 globalization and, 200–207 in-house bias of, 192, 212 local, 216–19, 267 public contempt for, 106, 112, 227–28, 230, 233, 251, 261 sunset clauses and, 118, 246, 266 technology and, 200, 207–11 uniformity bias of, 193–94, 212, 214 volunteerism and, 216 Government Accountability Office, 235 Grace Commission, 198 Gray, Vincent, 210 Great Britain: asylum seekers in, 54 as capitalist state, 50–54 commercial empire of, 39–40 deficit of, 177 education reform in, 58–59, 79, 212, 214–15 falling crime rate in, 181 fiscal reform in, 130–31 government bloat in, 89–90 health-care spending in, 90 landed artistocracy of, 48, 49 liberal revolution in, 46 low public confidence in, 11 national pride in, 61–62 patronage vs. meritocracy in, 50, 52–53, 222 postwar era in, 78 power of Anglican Church in, 48 public spending in, 9, 75 wars of, 6 “winter of discontent” in, 93 Great Depression, 69–70, 85 Great Exhibition of 1851, 54 Great Society, 77, 192 Great Western Railway, 65 Greece, 16 economy of, 120, 259 public-sector employees in, 115 public spending in, 99 Green, T.H., 61 Green River Formation, 236 Grenville family, 49–50 Grillo, Beppe, 12, 227 gross domestic product (GDP), unreliability of, 121 Grote, George, 54 Guangdong, China, 217 Gunpowder Plot (1605), 31 Hagel, Chuck, 256 Hall, Joseph, 35 Halsey, A.H., 88 Hamilton, Alexander, 5, 150 Hamilton, James, 120 happiness, right to, 48, 49 Hard Times (Dickens), 58 Havel, Václav, 252 Hayek, Friedrich, 10, 83, 85–86, 92, 93, 134, 170 Health and Social Security Department, British, 89 health care, 7, 9, 90, 98, 213 aging population and, 15, 183, 242 in China, 164 cost of, 110, 121, 205, 242–43 cost/outcome disparities in, 195 globalization and, 200–201 government domination of, 10 in India, 17, 18, 200–206 labor productivity in, 200 mass production in, 201–3 Obamacare and, 20, 98, 117, 199, 208, 217 role of doctors in, 203–5, 243 single-payer systems in, 205, 233, 243 special interest groups and, 200 in Sweden, 171–73 technology and, 183, 208–9 healthcare.gov, 199 health insurance, 141 health registries, 172, 183, 209 Heath, Edward, 92–93 Hegel, G.W.F., 45, 60–61 71 Helsinki, 220 Heritage Foundation, 92 Hewlett, Bill, 105 Higgins, David, 215 Hilton, Steve, 132 History of the Peloponnesian War (Thucydides), 250 Hitler, Adolf, 71 Hobbes, Thomas, 6, 8, 9, 21, 27–28, 29, 40, 44, 63, 135–36, 181, 219, 268 background of, 30–31 as controversial thinker, 31–32 on human nature, 29–30, 44–45 individual liberty and, 33 as materialist, 33 as royalist, 6, 18, 31–32 social contract and, 32, 34, 42, 222 Hogarth, William, 227 Hollande, François, 12, 16, 153, 184, 194 Holocaust, 78 Homestead Act (U.S., 1862), 62 House of Cards (TV show), 227 House of Commons, 127 House of Representatives, U.S., 97, 127 Howard, Philip, 118, 132, 195 Hu Jintao, 2 Huldai, Ron, 216 Hume, David, 43 Hungary, 254 Huntington, Samuel, 41–42 Hurun Report, 161 Iceland, 261 India, 8, 35, 36 China contrasted with, 146, 153 democracy in, 136, 146 economic stagnation in, 147 education in, 147 health care in, 17, 18, 200–206 infant mortality rate in, 201 lack of public confidence in, 13 local government in, 217–18 nepotism in, 162–63 Thatcherite reform in, 96 as weak state, 37 Indonesia, 142–43 health insurance in, 141 industry, landed aristocracy as opponent of, 48 Industry and Trade (Marshall), 233 information, access to, 210–11, 214 information revolution, 245, 246–47 information technology (IT), 18, 19–20 infrastructure: Fourth Revolution and, 232 spending on, 122, 232 innovation, 219–20 in business sector, 194 government bias against, 194–95, 212, 219 nation-state and, 37, 39 Institute for Energy Research, 236 Institute of Economic Affairs, 82, 92 Institute of Medicine, 204 Institute of Racial Biology, 78 interest groups, 16–17, 90, 111–15 Interior Department, U.S., 236 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 15, 76, 90 Asian financial crisis and, 142–43 Internet, 191, 260 health care and, 208–9 self-help and, 209 Iran, China and, 152 Iraq, 253 Iraq War, 143, 253 Ireland, 38 public spending in, 99–100 Isabella I, Queen of Castile, 37 Islamic world: antiscientific attitudes in, 41 in sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, 35 Istanbul, 35 Italy, 196, 259 pension reform in, 130 politicians’ pay and benefits in, 115 public spending in, 99–100 voter apathy in, 12 It’s Even Worse Than It Looks (Mann and Ornstein), 125–26, 227 Jackson, Andrew, 55 Jacques, Martin, 163 Jagger, Mick, 90 James I, King of England, 31 James II, King of England, 43 Japan, 15, 17, 36 Jarvis, Howard, 91 Jay, Douglas, 77 Jiang Jiemin, 154 Jiang Zemin, 142 Johnson, Boris, 216–17 Johnson, Lyndon, 77, 80, 87 Joseph, Keith, 92, 93 Juncker, Jean-Claude, 128 Kamarck, Elaine, 131–32 Kangxi, Emperor of China, 40 Kansas, 130 Kant, Immanuel, 224 Kaplan, Robert, 144 Kapoor, Anish, 34 Kennedy, Joseph, 73 Kentucky Fried Chicken, 185 Kerry, John, 96 Keynes, John Maynard, 22, 69–70, 76, 97 pragmatism of, 70–71 Keynesianism, 71, 77, 83, 95 counterrevolution against, 82–84 Khan, Salman, 180 Khan Academy, 180 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 79 Kingsley, Charles, 58 Kirk, Russell, 85 Kissinger, Henry, 133, 136 Kleiner, Morris, 118 Knight, Frank, 84 Knowledge Is Power Program (KIPP), 215 Kocher, Robert, 200 Kotlikoff, Laurence J., 120 Kristol, Irving, 87 Kroc, Ray, 185 Labour Party, British, 68, 69, 70, 77, 93, 94–95, 114 laissez-faire economics, 56, 57, 61, 65–66, 70, 71 Laski, Harold, 68, 134 Latin America: economies of, 8 entitlement reform in, 17, 206, 244 Lazzarini, Sergio, 153 Lee Hsien Loong, 135, 138 Lee Kuan Yew, 4, 17, 53, 133–34, 137, 139–41, 143, 144, 145, 147, 156, 170, 183, 244 authoritarianism of, 137, 138 small-government ideology of, 140, 165 Left, 62, 73, 88, 183 government bloat and, 10–11, 98 government efficiency and, 20, 187, 213 and growth of big government, 10, 98, 131, 175, 185, 228, 230, 231 subsidy-cutting and, 234, 237–38 Lehman Brothers, 14 Lenovo, 150 Le Pen, Marine, 259 Le Roy, Louis, 276 Leviathan, 10 Leviathan (Hobbes), 29, 32, 33, 34, 42 Leviathan, Monumenta 2011 (Kapoor), 34 Liberal Party, British, 68, 70 liberals, liberalism: and debate over size of government, 48, 49, 232 freedom as core tenet of, 69, 223–26, 232 right to happiness as tenet of, 48, 49 role of state as seen by, 21–22, 222–23, 226, 232 see also Left; liberal state liberal state, 6–7, 8, 220, 221 capitalism and, 50–54 competition and, 247 education in, 7, 48, 58–59 equality and, 69 expanded role of government in, 56–62 Founding Fathers and, 44–45, 222 freedom as ideological basis of, 69, 223–26, 232, 268 industrial revolution and, 246–47 meritocracy as principle of, 50, 52–53 protection of rights as primary role of, 45 rights of citizens expanded by, 7, 9, 48, 49, 51 rise of, 27–28, 269 small government as principle of, 48, 49, 51–52, 61, 232 libertarian Right, 82 liberty, see freedom Libya, 253 LifeSpring Hospitals, 202–3 Lincoln, Abraham, 62, 92 Lindahl, Mikael, 176 Lindgren, Astrid, 170 Lisbon, Treaty of (2007), 258 Little Dorrit (Dickens), 50 Liu Xiaobo, 166 Livingston, Ken, 217 Lloyd George, David, 62 lobbies, Congress and, 238–40, 257 Locke, John, 42, 43, 45 social contract and, 42, 222 Logic of Collective Action, The (Olson), 111 London School of Economics, 67, 74 Louis XIV, King of France, 38 Lowe, Robert, 58–59 L.

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bank run, banking crisis, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, bike sharing, Bob Geldof, British Empire, carbon footprint, Celtic Tiger, classic study, country house hotel, credit crunch, Easter island, G4S, glass ceiling, global village, haute cuisine, hydraulic fracturing, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Jacquard loom, Kickstarter, land reform, reserve currency, sustainable-tourism, three-masted sailing ship, young professional

It should take about 25 minutes to get into the city centre by taxi and should cost around €25, including an initial charge of €3.60 (€4 between 10pm and 8am and on Sundays and bank holidays). Make sure the meter is switched on. DUBLIN BY BIKE One of the most popular ways to get around the city is with the blue bikes of Dublinbikes (www.dublinbikes.ie), a public bicycle-rental scheme with more than 100 stations spread across the city centre. Purchase a €10 smart card (as well as pay a credit-card deposit of €150) or a three-day card online or at any station before 'freeing' a bike for use, which is then free of charge for the first 30 minutes and €0.50 for each half-hour thereafter.

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There are plenty of spots to lock your bike throughout the city, but be sure to do so thoroughly as bike theft can be a problem – and never leave your bike on the street overnight as even the toughest lock can be broken. Dublin City Cycling (www.cycledublin.ie) is an excellent online resource. Bikes are only allowed on suburban trains (not the DART), either stowed in the guard's van or in a special compartment at the opposite end of the train from the engine. Bike rental has become tougher due to the Dublinbikes scheme. Typical rental for a hybrid or touring bike is around €25 a day or €140 per week. Cycleways ( GOOGLE MAP ; www.cycleways.com; 185-187 Parnell St; h8.30am-6.30pm Mon-Wed & Fri, to 8pm Thu, 9.30am-6pm Sat; gall city centre) An excellent bike shop that rents out hybrids and touring bikes during the summer months (May to September). 2Wheels ( GOOGLE MAP ; www.2wheels.ie; 57 S William St; h10am-6pm Mon, Tue & Sat, to 8pm Wed, Thu & Fri, noon-6pm Sun; gall city centre) New bikes, all the gear you could possibly need and a decent repair service; but be sure to book an appointment as it is generally quite busy.

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Car The most convenient way to explore Ireland's every nook and cranny. Cars can be hired in every major town and city; drive on the left. Bus An extensive network of public and private buses make them the most cost-effective way to get around; there's service to and from most inhabited areas. Bicycle Dublin operates a bike-share scheme with over 100 stations spread throughout the city. Train A limited (and expensive) network links Dublin to all major urban centres, including Belfast in Northern Ireland. For more information, see Survival Guide and Transport First Time Ireland Checklist AMake sure your passport is valid for at least six months past your arrival date AMake all necessary bookings (accommodation, events and travel) ACheck the airline baggage restrictions AInform your debit-/credit-card company AArrange appropriate travel insurance ACheck if your mobile phone is compatible What to Pack AGood walking shoes, as there's plenty of good walking to do ARaincoat – you will undoubtedly need it AUK/Ireland electrical adapter AFinely honed sense of humour AA hollow leg – all that beer has to go somewhere AIrish-themed Spotify playlist Top Tips for Your Trip AQuality rather than quantity should be your goal: instead of a hair-raising race to see everything, pick a handful of destinations and give yourself time to linger.

Peak Car: The Future of Travel by David Metz

autonomous vehicles, behavioural economics, bike sharing, Clayton Christensen, congestion charging, Crossrail, crowdsourcing, David Attenborough, decarbonisation, disruptive innovation, driverless car, edge city, Edward Glaeser, Ford Model T, gentrification, high-speed rail, Just-in-time delivery, low cost airline, megaproject, Network effects, Ocado, Richard Florida, Robert Gordon, seminal paper, Silicon Valley, Skype, Suez canal 1869, The future is already here, urban sprawl, yield management, young professional

Paying parking charges by mobile phone is common in developed cities and could be used in developing cities, given that nearly everyone who has a car also has a phone. Bicycles are the dominant mode of urban travel when incomes are low, but are subsequently replaced first by motorised two‑wheelers and then by cars. But cycling can be revived, by putting in place cycle lanes and low cost bike hire. Public cycle rental schemes are operating in more than 500 cities in 50 countries. The largest cycle hire scheme in the world is in the city of Hangzhou in south China. Cars will always be popular, but car sharing in its various forms is worth encouraging in preference to individual ownership, given that private cars are parked for 95 per cent of the time and that people who share cars drive substantially less those who own cars.

Subscribed: Why the Subscription Model Will Be Your Company's Future - and What to Do About It by Tien Tzuo, Gabe Weisert

3D printing, Airbnb, airport security, Amazon Web Services, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, Big Tech, bike sharing, blockchain, Brexit referendum, Build a better mousetrap, business cycle, business intelligence, business process, call centre, cloud computing, cognitive dissonance, connected car, data science, death of newspapers, digital nomad, digital rights, digital twin, double entry bookkeeping, Elon Musk, factory automation, fake news, fiat currency, Ford Model T, fulfillment center, growth hacking, hockey-stick growth, Internet of things, inventory management, iterative process, Jeff Bezos, John Zimmer (Lyft cofounder), Kevin Kelly, Lean Startup, Lyft, manufacturing employment, Marc Benioff, Mary Meeker, megaproject, minimum viable product, natural language processing, Network effects, Nicholas Carr, nuclear winter, pets.com, planned obsolescence, pneumatic tube, profit maximization, race to the bottom, ride hailing / ride sharing, Salesforce, Sand Hill Road, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, skunkworks, smart meter, social graph, software as a service, spice trade, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, subscription business, systems thinking, tech worker, TED Talk, Tim Cook: Apple, transport as a service, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, WeWork, Y2K, Zipcar

As Jamie Allison, director of connectivity and mobility for Ford, said at our Subscribed San Francisco conference, his company’s new mandate is to make that “bed to bed” journey as simple as possible, which explains Ford’s investments in Chariot commuter vans as well as the massive expansion of its bike-share program. So much of getting from A to B involves negotiating a mind-numbing series of transactions: fines, tolls, leases, tickets, repairs. What if you had one ID to handle all of those logistics? “We are seeing an evolution toward services rather than physical transactions,” Allison said at our conference.

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And since it was targeting a young audience, it also put lots of resources into social media monitoring and marketing. SNCF knew from the start that its customer service platforms were going to be Twitter and Facebook. The result was thousands of young people seeing their families and loved ones more often. Trains, bike shares, subways, shuttles, and car services are all locked in horizontal competition, but smart partnerships and platforms will help commuters carry their identity across all these networks seamlessly and intuitively. The winners will be the services that don’t just manage routes, but solve for A to B.

The Great Reset: How the Post-Crash Economy Will Change the Way We Live and Work by Richard Florida

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Alan Greenspan, banking crisis, big-box store, bike sharing, blue-collar work, business cycle, car-free, carbon footprint, collapse of Lehman Brothers, company town, congestion charging, congestion pricing, creative destruction, deskilling, edge city, Edward Glaeser, falling living standards, financial engineering, financial innovation, Ford paid five dollars a day, high net worth, high-speed rail, Home mortgage interest deduction, housing crisis, if you build it, they will come, income inequality, indoor plumbing, interchangeable parts, invention of the telephone, Jane Jacobs, Joseph Schumpeter, knowledge economy, Lewis Mumford, low skilled workers, manufacturing employment, McMansion, megaproject, Menlo Park, Nate Silver, New Economic Geography, new economy, New Urbanism, oil shock, Own Your Own Home, pattern recognition, peak oil, Ponzi scheme, post-industrial society, postindustrial economy, reserve currency, Richard Florida, Robert Shiller, scientific management, secular stagnation, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, social intelligence, sovereign wealth fund, starchitect, the built environment, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, total factor productivity, urban decay, urban planning, urban renewal, white flight, young professional, Zipcar

Data on commuting patterns here and above are from Kaid Benfield, “Which US Cities Have the Greenest Commuting Habits?” National Resources Defense Council, October 2, 2009, retrieved from http://switchboard.nrdc.org/ blogs/kbenfield/which_us_cities_have_the_green_1.html. 12. “2008 Bike Share Rankings,” The Wash Cycle, September 23, 2009, retrieved from www.thewashcycle.com/2009/09/2008-bike-share-rankings.html. 13. Susan Handy, James F. Sallis, Deanne Weber, Ed Maibach, and Marla Hollander, “Is Support for Traditionally Designed Communities Growing? Evidence from Two National Surveys,” Journal of the American Planning Association 74, no. 2 (2008): 209–221. 14.

The End of the Suburbs: Where the American Dream Is Moving by Leigh Gallagher

Airbnb, big-box store, bike sharing, Burning Man, call centre, car-free, Celebration, Florida, clean water, collaborative consumption, Columbine, commoditize, crack epidemic, demographic winter, East Village, edge city, Edward Glaeser, extreme commuting, Ford Model T, General Motors Futurama, gentrification, helicopter parent, Home mortgage interest deduction, housing crisis, Jane Jacobs, Kickstarter, Lewis Mumford, low skilled workers, Mark Zuckerberg, McMansion, Menlo Park, microapartment, mortgage tax deduction, negative equity, New Urbanism, peak oil, Peter Calthorpe, Ponzi scheme, Quicken Loans, Richard Florida, Robert Shiller, Sand Hill Road, Seaside, Florida, Silicon Valley, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, streetcar suburb, TED Talk, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Tony Hsieh, Tragedy of the Commons, transit-oriented development, upwardly mobile, urban planning, urban sprawl, Victor Gruen, walkable city, white flight, white picket fence, young professional, Zipcar

“They see architecture and culture and all sorts of people every day,” she says. “I feel like they’ll take life a little more in stride because things won’t shock them.” Daily also values the extra time she’s able to spend with them. To get to her job as a hospital administrator, she either walks twenty minutes or uses Boston’s bike share and gets there in half the time. “I’m able to pull off my job and still see my kids and still get to work out most days and do all the things that are important for me because I don’t have a commute,” she says. “It’s about how I want to spend my time.” The day after we spoke on the phone, Daily e-mailed me to say that our conversation had got her “brain spinning about how much I love our lifestyle.”

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Hsieh wants as many of his employees—and those of the other start-ups—to live in the area as possible, and he knows that having good schools is critical, so his team is working on building an early-childhood school set to open later this year. He’s investing in bringing displays of artwork from the Burning Man festival to the area, and his team is developing bike-sharing and car-sharing programs. “The idea went from, ‘Let’s build a campus’ to ‘Let’s build a city,’” Hsieh says over shots of Fernet, the bitter digestif that has become the team’s signature drink, at his new neighborhood’s Cheers equivalent, the Downtown Cocktail Room. Hsieh has a vision to create his own version of the sidewalk “ballet” Jane Jacobs described, a place where people can live, work, and play without leaving their neighborhood.

The Future Is Asian by Parag Khanna

3D printing, Admiral Zheng, affirmative action, Airbnb, Amazon Web Services, anti-communist, Asian financial crisis, asset-backed security, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, Ayatollah Khomeini, barriers to entry, Basel III, bike sharing, birth tourism , blockchain, Boycotts of Israel, Branko Milanovic, British Empire, call centre, capital controls, carbon footprint, cashless society, clean tech, clean water, cloud computing, colonial rule, commodity super cycle, computer vision, connected car, corporate governance, CRISPR, crony capitalism, cross-border payments, currency peg, death from overwork, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, Didi Chuxing, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Donald Trump, driverless car, dual-use technology, energy security, European colonialism, factory automation, failed state, fake news, falling living standards, family office, financial engineering, fixed income, flex fuel, gig economy, global reserve currency, global supply chain, Great Leap Forward, green transition, haute couture, haute cuisine, illegal immigration, impact investing, income inequality, industrial robot, informal economy, initial coin offering, Internet of things, karōshi / gwarosa / guolaosi, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, knowledge worker, light touch regulation, low cost airline, low skilled workers, Lyft, machine translation, Malacca Straits, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, Masayoshi Son, megacity, megaproject, middle-income trap, Mikhail Gorbachev, money market fund, Monroe Doctrine, mortgage debt, natural language processing, Netflix Prize, new economy, off grid, oil shale / tar sands, open economy, Parag Khanna, payday loans, Pearl River Delta, prediction markets, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, RAND corporation, rent-seeking, reserve currency, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, Scramble for Africa, self-driving car, Shenzhen special economic zone , Silicon Valley, smart cities, SoftBank, South China Sea, sovereign wealth fund, special economic zone, stem cell, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, supply-chain management, sustainable-tourism, synthetic biology, systems thinking, tech billionaire, tech worker, trade liberalization, trade route, transaction costs, Travis Kalanick, uber lyft, upwardly mobile, urban planning, Vision Fund, warehouse robotics, Washington Consensus, working-age population, Yom Kippur War

Where cities have become too large and congested, such as Changsha, the government has attempted to motivate people to shift to second-tier cities to distribute the population better.50 Now, instead of just four cities representing nearly half the country’s middle class—as was the case with Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen in 2002—by 2020, inland China is expected to be home to 40 percent of the country’s middle class. Given the density of Asian cities, last-mile bike sharing and autonomous vehicles are other areas in which Asians are making strategic investments to navigate around the traditional path of universal vehicle ownership and crippling traffic congestion. Bike stations and dockless biking have been pioneered by companies such as Mobike and Ofo, which have spread from China across Asia and into Europe.

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Baidu’s open-source approach to driverless-car software development, called Apollo, has lured Intel, Daimler, and Ford to contribute resources. Baidu might be on a collision course with Didi Chuxing—or perhaps it will simply buy it. US firms are now copying Chinese innovations. LimeBike in California is copying China’s dockless bike sharing as pioneered by Ofo and MoBike. DiDi has algorithms that predict which ride-sharing users will want a ride at certain times and locations and is designing driverless car interiors for shared augmented-reality experiences—programs that Uber and others will surely copy. Apple is conducting payments through the iMessage chat service, following what Tencent has done.

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In addition to all the roads, railways, and ports China builds—which will remain in use even if China no longer actively needs them—China has become one of the world’s largest shipbuilders, reducing the cost for developing countries to reach global markets. It also installs electricity grids and fiber-optic Internet and launches satellites that help with everything from fishing-vessel navigation to bike sharing. These investments may facilitate Chinese trade, but that does not change the fact that they are also elevating entire economies into the twenty-first century. When China buys up global lithium supplies to make cheap batteries for electric cars and sells affordable solar panels worldwide, it brings revenue to Chinese companies but also contributes to reducing global greenhouse gas emissions.

Palaces for the People: How Social Infrastructure Can Help Fight Inequality, Polarization, and the Decline of Civic Life by Eric Klinenberg

2013 Report for America's Infrastructure - American Society of Civil Engineers - 19 March 2013, American Society of Civil Engineers: Report Card, assortative mating, basic income, Big Tech, big-box store, bike sharing, Black Lives Matter, Broken windows theory, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, classic study, clean water, deindustrialization, desegregation, digital divide, Donald Trump, East Village, fake news, Filter Bubble, food desert, gentrification, ghettoisation, helicopter parent, income inequality, informal economy, invisible hand, Jane Jacobs, John Snow's cholera map, late fees, Mark Zuckerberg, mass incarceration, megaproject, Menlo Park, New Urbanism, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, Peter Thiel, public intellectual, Ray Oldenburg, Richard Florida, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, smart grid, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Great Good Place, the High Line, universal basic income, urban planning, young professional

New Orleans had 11 miles of bikeways when Katrina hit; today it has 115. Since the greenway opened, New Orleans has shot into the top American cities for bike commuters. It currently ranks fifth in the per capita population that cycles to work, and it promises to move further up the list once it launches its bike-share program. If political officials need evidence that social infrastructure can entice people out of their cars and into transit options that reduce our carbon footprint and curb global warming, New Orleans is a fine place to look. The Lafitte Greenway is a modest project, with an initial budget of $9 million, but it has already expanded to incorporate new playgrounds, dog runs, community gardens, and athletic fields that branch off the pathway.

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You’ll Need a Good Community,” Wired, November 2016, https://www.wired.com/​2016/​10/​klinenberg-transforming-communities-to-survive-climate-change/. goal of Living Breakwaters: Ibid. flood protection, adaptation, and climate security: City of New Orleans, Plan for the 21st Century: New Orleans 2030, 2010, https://www.nola.gov/​city-planning/​master-plan/. its bike-share program: See Shannon Sims, “Building a Social Scene Around a Bike Path,” CityLab, August 1, 2017, https://www.citylab.com/​life/​2017/​08/​lafitte-greenway-new-orleans/​534735/, and Richard Florida, “Mapping America’s Bike Commuters,” CityLab, May 19, 2017, https://www.citylab.com/​transportation/​2017/​05/​mapping-americas-bike-commuters/​526923/.

After the Gig: How the Sharing Economy Got Hijacked and How to Win It Back by Juliet Schor, William Attwood-Charles, Mehmet Cansoy

1960s counterculture, Airbnb, algorithmic management, Amazon Mechanical Turk, American Legislative Exchange Council, back-to-the-land, barriers to entry, bike sharing, Californian Ideology, carbon footprint, clean tech, collaborative consumption, collaborative economy, Community Supported Agriculture, COVID-19, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, deskilling, driverless car, en.wikipedia.org, financial independence, future of work, gentrification, George Gilder, gig economy, global supply chain, global village, haute cuisine, income inequality, independent contractor, information asymmetry, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Jean Tirole, Jeff Bezos, jitney, job satisfaction, John Perry Barlow, John Zimmer (Lyft cofounder), Kevin Kelly, Lyft, Marshall McLuhan, Mason jar, mass incarceration, Mitch Kapor, Network effects, new economy, New Urbanism, Occupy movement, peer-to-peer rental, Post-Keynesian economics, precariat, profit maximization, profit motive, race to the bottom, regulatory arbitrage, rent gap, rent-seeking, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ruby on Rails, selection bias, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Skype, smart cities, social distancing, Stewart Brand, TaskRabbit, technological determinism, technoutopianism, Telecommunications Act of 1996, The Nature of the Firm, the payments system, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, transportation-network company, Travis Kalanick, two-sided market, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, urban planning, wage slave, walking around money, Whole Earth Catalog, women in the workforce, working poor, Yochai Benkler, Zipcar

Mark loved all the new services available to him as a consumer. “[If] I need an executive assistant, I’ll go to TaskRabbit and hire someone to do five hours’ worth of work for me. If I need a car, I’ll go to Zipcar. If I need a bike, I use Zagster—rental bikes that are in the building—or Hubway [the municipal bike-sharing service].” Mark bought into the rhetoric about the shift from an “ownership” to an “access” economy. “So people all the time ask me why I don’t get a bike. . . . It’s not about whether I can afford a bike or want a bike. It’s about the fact that I’m able to share fifteen hundred bikes with thousands of other people.

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This optimistic spin was partly attributable to the fact that participants on both sides of the market were young, highly educated, and relatively privileged.39 Courtney, an Airbnb host who worked at an environmental nonprofit, explained that although money was her motive, “first and foremost . . . I think also just in terms of how it aligns with my values. . . . I get all my books from the library, I value shared resources, I think the bike share programs are awesome. I just love all those kind of sharing, anticonsumerism, not-wasting-resources things.” Like Courtney, many of our interviewees were entranced with the idea of preventing waste and using resources more efficiently, which they saw as the route to less production and environmental impact.

Road to Nowhere: What Silicon Valley Gets Wrong About the Future of Transportation by Paris Marx

2013 Report for America's Infrastructure - American Society of Civil Engineers - 19 March 2013, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Airbnb, An Inconvenient Truth, autonomous vehicles, back-to-the-land, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, bike sharing, Californian Ideology, car-free, carbon credits, carbon footprint, cashless society, clean tech, cloud computing, colonial exploitation, computer vision, congestion pricing, corporate governance, correlation does not imply causation, COVID-19, DARPA: Urban Challenge, David Graeber, deep learning, degrowth, deindustrialization, deskilling, Didi Chuxing, digital map, digital rights, Donald Shoup, Donald Trump, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, driverless car, Elaine Herzberg, Elon Musk, energy transition, Evgeny Morozov, Extinction Rebellion, extractivism, Fairchild Semiconductor, Ford Model T, frictionless, future of work, General Motors Futurama, gentrification, George Gilder, gig economy, gigafactory, global pandemic, global supply chain, Google Glasses, Google X / Alphabet X, green new deal, Greyball, high-speed rail, Hyperloop, independent contractor, Induced demand, intermodal, Jane Jacobs, Jeff Bezos, jitney, John Perry Barlow, Kevin Kelly, knowledge worker, late capitalism, Leo Hollis, lockdown, low interest rates, Lyft, Marc Benioff, market fundamentalism, minimum viable product, Mother of all demos, move fast and break things, Murray Bookchin, new economy, oil shock, packet switching, Pacto Ecosocial del Sur, Peter Thiel, pre–internet, price mechanism, private spaceflight, quantitative easing, QWERTY keyboard, Ralph Nader, Richard Florida, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, safety bicycle, Salesforce, School Strike for Climate, self-driving car, Sidewalk Labs, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley ideology, Silicon Valley startup, smart cities, social distancing, Southern State Parkway, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, Stop de Kindermoord, streetcar suburb, tech billionaire, tech worker, techlash, technological determinism, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, TikTok, transit-oriented development, transportation-network company, Travis Kalanick, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, Unsafe at Any Speed, urban planning, urban renewal, VTOL, walkable city, We are as Gods, We wanted flying cars, instead we got 140 characters, WeWork, Whole Earth Catalog, Whole Earth Review, work culture , Yom Kippur War, young professional

Given that they want to close themselves off, and certainly cannot imagine taking public transit, they project that desire onto much of the rest of society, under the assumption that few other people living in major cities will walk for a few minutes to reach their destinations. Yet that is simply not a reality of urban life. People who take transit walk to and from the bus or subway stop every single day, while other residents walk to and from the bike-share station. Many drivers have to park and walk some distance to where they are going. And there are also people who, either by choice or circumstance, complete many of their trips by walking alone. Walking is a normal part of living in a city, even for those who primarily rely on automobiles; but tech companies want to replace even this very rudimental form of mobility with app-based services.

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,” Wired, January 15, 2019, Wired.com. 10 Alison Griswold, “Shared Scooters Don’t Last Long,” Quartz, March 1, 2019, Qz.com. 11 Sam Dean and Jon Schleuss, “Can Bird Build a Better Scooter Before It Runs Out of Cash?,” Los Angeles Times, May 5, 2019, Latimes.com. 12 Mark Sussman, “Five Graphs That Show How Dockless Bike-share and CaBi Work in DC,” Greater Greater Washington (blog), September 5, 2018, Ggwash.org. 13 Joseph Hollingsworth, Brenna Copeland, and Jeremiah X Johnson, “Are E-scooters Polluters? The Environmental Impacts of Shared Dockless Electric Scooters,” Environmental Research Letters 14, 2019. 14 Anne de Bortoli, “Environmental Performance of Shared Micro-mobility and Personal Alternatives Using Integrated Modal LCA,” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 93, April 2021. 15 Sussman, “Five Graphs That Show How Dockless Bikeshare and CaBi Work in DC.” 16 Julia Carrie Wong, “Delivery Robots: A Revolutionary Step or Sidewalk-clogging Nightmare?

One Less Car: Bicycling and the Politics of Automobility by Zack Furness, Zachary Mooradian Furness

active transport: walking or cycling, affirmative action, American Society of Civil Engineers: Report Card, An Inconvenient Truth, back-to-the-land, bike sharing, Build a better mousetrap, Burning Man, car-free, carbon footprint, classic study, clean water, colonial rule, conceptual framework, critique of consumerism, DIY culture, dumpster diving, Enrique Peñalosa, European colonialism, feminist movement, fixed-gear, food desert, Ford Model T, General Motors Futurama, ghettoisation, Golden Gate Park, independent contractor, interchangeable parts, intermodal, Internet Archive, Jane Jacobs, Kickstarter, Lewis Mumford, market fundamentalism, means of production, messenger bag, Murray Bookchin, Naomi Klein, New Urbanism, peak oil, place-making, post scarcity, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, RAND corporation, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, safety bicycle, Silicon Valley, sustainable-tourism, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Thomas L Friedman, Thorstein Veblen, urban planning, vertical integration, Whole Earth Catalog, Whole Earth Review, work culture , working poor, Yom Kippur War

The potentially practical applications of Schimmelpenninck’s bicycle plan and Constant’s “new Urbanism” paradigm were nonetheless ruthlessly attacked by the situationists, who saw the provo as an ineffectual youth uprising lacking a revolutionary program: “There is a modern revolution, and one of its bases could be the provos—but only without their leaders and ideology. if they want to change the world, they must get rid of these who are content to paint it white.”56 Despite the situationists’ scathing criticism— which they conveniently reserved for everyone except themselves—the provo effectively politicized the bicycle as a symbol of resistance against car culture, situating the White Bicycle plan within a radical critique of capitalism, public space, and environmental pollution. at a pragmatic level, the provo simultaneously pioneered the first public-use bicycle program in amsterdam, a model since replicated in European cities like Copenhagen (Denmark), Milan (italy), Helsinki (Finland), and rennes (France). in the United States, activists and bike enthusiasts similarly embraced the provo philosophy by constructing yellow bikes, pink bikes, checkered bikes, and green bikes out of salvaged materials, leaving them on the streets for anyone to use.57 While these programs have been largely unsuccessful due to bike theft and vandalism, their appearance in cities like portland, Minneapolis–St. paul (Minnesota), Boulder (Colorado), Olympia (Washington), austin (Texas), and princeton (new Jersey) inspired a new generation of cyclists and simultaneously introduced americans to the very idea of public bike-sharing programs that have the potential to become a vibrant part of the urban transportation schema in the United States.58 Ecotactiques and Anti-automobile Shows The provo demonstrated how bicycles could be symbolically and pragmatically incorporated into public protests as well as a sustained critique of car culture. in doing so, it pointed to the bicycle as a utopian mode of transportation, one ideally suited for a more egalitarian and ecologically sustainable society.

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Our bike giveaway program will be directly servicing the economically disadvantaged classes.”13 in the attempt to create programs that genuinely involve people in the community, volunteers use whatever means at their disposal to make bicycling part of the solution to adults’ everyday transportation needs, as well as the needs of their children. For example, The BikeShare program in Toronto partners with several community centers to have bike-sharing hubs accessible in low-income areas; Bikeagain! provides services for the local immigrant population in nova Scotia; and the Working Bikes Cooperative in Chicago distributes bicycles to people in need and sells low-cost bicycles out of its storefront in the near West Side.14 robert Galdins, of the re-cycles Bicycle Co-op in Ottawa, explains his organization’s sliding scale for services and used bikes/parts: if it seems like someone is low income and can’t afford something, we will either sell it to them at a reduced price or give it to them for free.

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., 110 O’Toole, randal, 138, 270n130 Outing, a Journal of Recreation (magazine), 29 Outlaw bicycling subculture, 141; and bike recycling, 154; and Diy ethos, 158; and punk ethos, 142 Overton, Karen, 177, 191 packer, Jeremy, 23, 26 paris, France, automobility in, 59–60 pastorelli, robert, 112 patriot act, 8 payphone, Johnny, 155 peckham, David, 198; and the productive poor, 194 pEDal, 188, 191 pedal revolution, 177 pedals for progress (pfp), 187–188, 199 pedestrians, 39, 269n122; and accidents, 122– 124; versus bicycling, 123–124; and fatalities, 124, 127, 132, 137, 263n61, 268n117, 269n122; rights of, 49; safety of, 128 Pee-wee’s Big Adventure (film), 110 pein, Wayne, 75 peñalosa, Enrique, 211 penry, Josh, 288n2 performative critique, 83–84, 86, 94 perry, David, 63 petersen, Jen, 89, 145, 211 petty, ross, 15, 17, 22 phelan, Jacquie, 184–185, 260–261n36 philippines, 217 philpott, Julia, 191, 284n68 photography and bicycling, 41 photo-Tricycle, 41 pinch, Trevor, 226–227n2 pinder, David, 59, 107 pittsburgh, pennsylvania, 104, 121, 179; Mr. roboto project in, 178, 281n24 pivato, Stefano, 35–36 plan B, 173, 184 pope, Colonel albert, 18, 23, 229n26, 234n93; and mass production, 15 porsche, Ferdinand, 241n22 portland, Oregon, 58, 80, 104, 120, 123, 147, 167–168, 184, 270n130, 283n44; bicycle recycling in, 280n10; bicycle shows in, 279n119; bicycling as daily transportation in, 3 portland radical History Bike Tour, 184, 283n44 poverty: and bicycling, 189, 194, 200–201; and free market capitalism, 198, 200; micro-lending, 199–200; and modernity, 198; and social entrepreneurialism, 199; and tourism, 199 powell, nate, 271–272n25 pratt, Charles, 30 princeton, new Jersey, 58 print capitalism and modern nationalism, 7 provo, 12, 48, 59, 67, 76, 242n39, 243n43, 244n56; principles of, 55; and punk ethos, 143; White Bicycle plan of, 56–58, 78; and White Chicken plan, 243n46 prynn, David, 34 psychogeography, 85 public bike-sharing programs, 58, 244n57 public space, 253–254n64; and automobility, 83, 87, 104, 212–213; and collective right to the city, 212; and collective action, 94, 96; and collective shift to bicycles, 213; and driving, 136; and graffiti, 93–94; reclaiming of, 78–79 pucher, John, 4, 113, 211, 248–249n120 puma, urban cycling campaign of, 160–161 punk movement, 270–271n9; and bike messengers, 152; and Diy culture, 142–143, 147, 149–150; and politics, 144–145, 151; punk music and bicycling, 144–145, 147, 149, 152, 272n26; resistance identity of, 145; and the romanticizing of the van, 147–148.

Fodor's Oregon by Fodor's Travel Guides

Airbnb, bike sharing, BIPOC, car-free, Kickstarter, Lyft, Mason jar, messenger bag, off grid, off-the-grid, QR code, ride hailing / ride sharing, Rosa Parks, tech bro, tech worker, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, walkable city, Wall-E, white flight, white picket fence, Works Progress Administration

GO BREWERY-HOPPING IN NORTH PORTLAND There are several Portland neighborhoods where you can walk among three to five excellent craft breweries (the Pearl District and Central East Side leap to mind), but the North Mississippi Avenue area has some especially terrific beer venues and is pretty to walk through, too. BIKE THE BRIDGES AND RIVERFRONT Rent bikes or use the city’s bike-share program to venture out on two wheels up and down the riverfront promenades on both sides of the Willamette River, and also to pedal across some of the city’s distinctive bridges, such as the historic Hawthorne Bridge and the Tilikum Crossing Bridge. FEAST AT A FOOD CART POD Portland is home to numerous reasonably priced food cart pods.

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Tender Loving Empire HOUSEWARES | The retail shop of the eponymous Portland record label founded by Jared and Brianne Mees carries not only music but also cool hand-printed cards, posters, and T-shirts, along with an artistic selection of handcrafted lifestyle goods, from pastel miniature vases and squiggle-shaped earrings to ceramic fox trinkets and illustrated prints. You’ll find additional locations on Hawthorne, in Nob Hill, at Bridgeport Village, and in the airport. E 412 S.W. 10th Ave., West End P 503/548–2925 w tenderlovingempire.com. a Activities BIKING BIKETOWN Portland BIKING | Portland’s bike-share program, in partnership with Lyft, is affordable and easy to use. There are more than 180 stations throughout the city, and some 1,500 bikes, each with a small basket (helmets are not provided, however, so consider bringing your own). Just choose a plan (single rides start at 20 cents per minute), sign up through the website or by downloading the app, find a bike and scan the QR code to unlock it, and you’re off.

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Biking in Portland a Biking is a cultural phenomenon in Portland—likely the most beloved mode of transportation in the city. Besides the sheer numbers of cyclists you see on roads and pathways, you’ll find well-marked bike lanes and signs reminding motorists to yield to cyclists. There are hundreds of miles of bicycle boulevards, lanes, and off-street paths in Portland, and the city has a popular BIKETOWN Portland bike-share program. Accessible maps, specialized tours, parking capacity (including lockers and sheltered racks Downtown), and bicycle-only traffic signals at confusing intersections make biking in most neighborhoods easy. Cyclists can find the best routes by following green direction-and-distance signs that point the way around town, and the corresponding white dots on the street surface.

Lonely Planet Belgium & Luxembourg by Lonely Planet

active transport: walking or cycling, Albert Einstein, bike sharing, Black Lives Matter, carbon footprint, centre right, charter city, colonial rule, coronavirus, COVID-19, friendly fire, gentrification, glass ceiling, Kickstarter, Louis Pasteur, Peace of Westphalia, QR code, ride hailing / ride sharing, three-masted sailing ship, urban renewal

Route 20 to Diksmuide (€3, 50 minutes) runs five times daily. Trains run to Brussels (€18.40, 1¾ hours), Poperinge (€2.80, eight minutes) and Kortrijk (€5.50, 30 minutes). Bikes can be hired from Hotel Ambrosia (%057 36 63 66; www.ambrosiahotel.be; D’Hondtstraat 54; bike per day €15; h7.30am-7.30pm) or sign up to use the Blue Bike sharing service. Ypres Salient Flanders’ WWI battlefields are famed for red poppies, both real and metaphorical. From 1914 the area suffered four years of senseless fighting during which hundreds of thousands of soldiers and whole towns disappeared into a muddy, bloody quagmire. The fighting was fiercest in the Ypres Salient, a bulge in the Western Front where the world first saw poison-gas attacks and where thousands of diggers valiantly tunnelled underground to dynamite enemy trenches.

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At Mobiel (%056 24 99 10; www.mobiel.be; Pieter Tacklaan 57; bike rental from €12 per day; h10am-6pm Mon-Sat) you can hire a wide range of wheels – everything from city bikes and electric bikes to rickshaws (with or without driver) – or consider signing up for the Mobit (%09-278 72 56; www.mobit.eu; from €0.45 per 20 min) bike-sharing service. With Blue Bike also in town, you’re spoiled for choice. Oudenaarde POP 31,132 In the 16th and 17th centuries, Oudenaarde (Audenarde in French) was a wealthy rural town famed for its local weavers’ elaborate, detailed tapestries. Today, it’s brightly adorned cyclists that weave through the streets as the Tour of Flanders bike race finishes in the town.

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Roosendaal–Amsterdam trains (€22.50, two hours) run twice hourly via Rotterdam, Delft, the Hague and Leiden. 8Getting Around Check www.slimnaarantwerpen.be for plenty of ideas, tips and contacts for getting around in Antwerp. BICYCLE Velo-Antwerpen (%03-206 50 30; www.velo-antwerpen.be; Kievitplein 7; day/week membership €4/10; h11am-5pm Mon-Thu, 9am-3pm Fri) is Antwerp’s extensive short-hop bike-share system: sign up online. For longer-term bike hire there’s Cyclant (%03-232 01 09; www.cyclant.com; Pelikaanstraat 3/1050; 4/12/24hr €9/12/15; h10am-6pm Sun, Mon, Wed & Thu, to 7pm Fri & Sat) on the outer west side of Antwerpen-Centraal. To cross the river there’s a lift (St-Jansvliet) down to the pedestrian/bicycle Sint-Annatunnel (map Google map) or, temporarily at least, a free cross-river ferry (Steenplein; h7.15am-6.45pm Mon-Fri, 10.15am-9.45pm Sat & Sun) from Steenplein.

Revolution Française: Emmanuel Macron and the Quest to Reinvent a Nation by Sophie Pedder

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Airbnb, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, bike sharing, carbon tax, centre right, clean tech, DeepMind, disruptive innovation, Donald Trump, Downton Abbey, driverless car, Erik Brynjolfsson, eurozone crisis, failed state, fake news, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Future Shock, ghettoisation, growth hacking, haute couture, Jean Tirole, knowledge economy, liberal capitalism, mass immigration, mittelstand, new economy, post-industrial society, public intellectual, rent-seeking, ride hailing / ride sharing, Second Machine Age, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Tony Fadell, Travis Kalanick, urban planning, éminence grise

The former capital of Roman Gaul, in the Rhône valley of south-eastern France, Lyon is a thriving, cosmopolitan regional city that feels broadly at ease with change. Between 2008 and 2015, a period when unemployment rose across the country, the net number of jobs there increased by 5 per cent. The city enjoys fast trains and slow food, and introduced a bike-sharing scheme long before Paris or London. Perched at the sharp point of the confluence of the Rhône and the Saône rivers is a futuristic new plate-glass museum, the Musée des Confluences, designed to represent a ‘crystal cloud of knowledge’. Along the nearby quay, an experimental driverless bus conveys passengers to and fro.

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Once, the motorist would travel along the routes nationales that passed through such small towns, Michelin guide in hand, stopping perhaps for a plat du jour on the way to somewhere else. Today, these are regions that the TGV, fibre-optics and 4G mobile connection passes by, where people sense that globalization and automation have dealt them a blow. It is a world in which Uber, bike-share schemes, organic cafés and co-working spaces are nowhere to be found, where mobile reception is poor, and the young, and better educated, have left. As jobs and confidence have drained away, so has faith in the mainstream parties. This is where the FN has now taken hold. Few places better capture this sense of abandon, and the political forces that can thrive on it, than Hénin-Beaumont, a red-brick town in the mining basin of northern France.

Why the Dutch Are Different: A Journey Into the Hidden Heart of the Netherlands: From Amsterdam to Zwarte Piet, the Acclaimed Guide to Travel in Holland by Ben Coates

Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, bike sharing, British Empire, centre right, clean water, colonial rule, company town, drug harm reduction, Easter island, failed state, financial innovation, glass ceiling, invention of the printing press, joint-stock company, Kickstarter, megacity, Nelson Mandela, offshore financial centre, short selling, spice trade, starchitect, trade route, urban sprawl, work culture

The police continued to confiscate white bicycles whenever they found them and the movement eventually fizzled out, but its symbolism endured. Some thirty years later, activists in Oregon who heard about the White Bicycles were inspired to start their own bike-sharing scheme in Portland. Their scheme in turn provided the inspiration for public bike-sharing programmes in major cities around the world. Years later, the Dutch White Bicycles’ descendants could be borrowed from docking stations in London, Paris, Brussels and New York. Money for Nothing As a recent immigrant, to me one of the most striking consequences of the Dutch liberal approach was the generosity of the welfare and employment systems.

Lonely Planet Washington, Oregon & the Pacific Northwest by Lonely Planet

Airbnb, big-box store, bike sharing, Boeing 747, British Empire, Burning Man, butterfly effect, car-free, carbon footprint, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, Day of the Dead, Frank Gehry, G4S, gentrification, glass ceiling, housing crisis, indoor plumbing, intermodal, Kickstarter, Lyft, Murano, Venice glass, New Urbanism, remote working, restrictive zoning, ride hailing / ride sharing, Tacoma Narrows Bridge, trade route, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, urban decay, urban planning, urban sprawl, V2 rocket, Works Progress Administration, Zipcar

Bus Cheaper, faster and more frequent than trains; tons of destinations served. Train Great views and comfortable, but infrequent, limited routes and costly. Boat Fun and reasonably priced way to get to and around islands in Washington and BC. Bicycle Seattle, Portland and Vancouver, BC, are all very bike-friendly and have bike-share programs. For much more, see Getting Around What’s New The Pacific Northwest is famously progressive and innovative, even as it makes a point of celebrating traditional cultures, natural resources and old ways of doing things. The region’s cuisine, including food carts, doughnuts, craft beer and delectable wines, has become famous, while its politics remain liberal – at least in urban areas.

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Erected in 1970, it recalls the time when Deighton arrived here in 1867 and built a pub, triggering a ramshackle development that ultimately became Vancouver. 1Kitsilano & University of British Columbia Arbutus GreenwayPARK (www.vancouver.ca/parks; W 6th Ave & Fir St, Kitsilano; c; g4) A former disused urban rail line that’s being transformed by the city into a cool linear park, this 8.5km-long flora-fringed walking and cycling route is already paved and open to the public. Running south to the Fraser River, it’s a popular and accessible nature-hugging weave where you can expect to spot birdlife, butterflies and lots of wildflowers. There are Mobi public bike share stations en route if you fancy hopping in the saddle. oMuseum of AnthropologyMUSEUM (MOA; %604-822-5087; www.moa.ubc.ca; 6393 NW Marine Dr, UBC; adult/child $18/16; h10am-5pm Fri-Wed, 10am-9pm Thu, closed Mon Oct-May; p; g99B-Line, then 68) Vancouver’s best museum is studded with spectacular indigenous totem poles and breathtaking carvings – but it’s also teeming with artifacts from cultures around the world, from intricate Swedish lace to bright Sri Lankan folk masks.

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ACyclists can take their bikes for free on SkyTrains, SeaBuses and transit buses, which are all now fitted with bike racks. Cyclists are required by law to wear helmets. AThere are dedicated bike lanes in the city, and locals and visitors alike can use Mobi (%778-655-1800; www.mobibikes.ca), a public bike-share scheme. ADownload free cycle route maps from the TransLink website (www.translink.ca) or plan your route using https://vancouver.bikerouteplanner.com. AIf you’re traveling sans bike, you can also rent wheels from businesses around the city, especially on Denman St near Stanley Park – home of Vancouver’s most popular scenic cycling route.

Moon Oregon Trail Road Trip: Historic Sites, Small Towns, and Scenic Landscapes Along the Legendary Westward Route by Katrina Emery, Moon Travel Guides

Airbnb, bike sharing, California gold rush, car-free, crowdsourcing, desegregation, Donner party, glass ceiling, indoor plumbing, Kickstarter, Lyft, Mason jar, mass immigration, pez dispenser, ride hailing / ride sharing, Rosa Parks, trade route, transcontinental railway, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, urban planning, Works Progress Administration

., 913/428-8430, www.eriksbikeshop.com, 10am-7pm Mon.-Fri., 10am-6pm Sat., noon-5pm Sun., $100-120 per day), about 10 miles (16 km) southwest of the park. It has everything from city bikes to mountain bikes. BCycle (http://kc.bcycle.com, first 30 min. free, $2 per 30 min. thereafter, $7 for 24 hours) is Kansas City’s bike-share system. Pick up or drop off a bike at the more than 50 stations around town. Major stations are located downtown, at River Market, Westport, and the Country Club Plaza. Spectator Sports Kansas City ranks as one of the best in the Midwest for spectator sports, and fans are passionate—the football stadium is in the Guinness Book of World Records as the loudest in the world!

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Topeka has regular bus services run by Topeka Metro (785/783-7000, www.topekametro.org, $2 one-way, $4 24-hour pass, exact change required); find a map online or at the downtown Quincy Street Station (820 SE Quincy St.). Topeka is also known as one of the most bike-friendly communities in the country, and visitors will find a network of paths throughout the city, many away from traffic. The best way to hop on two wheels is through the city’s bike-share program, Topeka Metro Bikes (785/730-8615, http://topekametrobikes.org, $2.50 per hour). Downtown is walkable and has a few nearby attractions: Old Prairie Town is 1.7 miles (2.7 km) northeast, while the Brown v. Board of Education site is about 1 mile (1.6 km) south, and the Evel Knievel museum another 0.7 mile (1.1 km) past that.

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A 38-acre garden and arboretum offers great views of the lake—it’s especially beautiful during the Tulip Time event that takes place in various spots around town in the spring, or later in June when the roses are in bloom. A 7-mile (11.3-km) paved walking-biking path encircles the lake, offering great views and a few steep grades up and down. It’s easy to join at any point around the lake, and you’ll find plenty of water fountains and rest stops along the way. Biking Topeka’s bike-share system, Topeka Metro Bikes (http://topekametrobikes.org, 785/730-8615, $2.50 per hour), has 300 bikes dispersed at 17 stations in key areas around town, including Gage Park, Lake Shawnee, along the Shunga Trail, and downtown. The program is a popular recent addition to the cityscape, with the blue bikes becoming a beloved way to get around for locals and visitors.

The Rough Guide to Ireland by Clements, Paul

Berlin Wall, bike sharing, British Empire, Celtic Tiger, Columbine, country house hotel, digital map, East Village, haute couture, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Kickstarter, Murano, Venice glass, plutocrats, Ronald Reagan, sustainable-tourism, the market place, three-masted sailing ship, trade route, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl

Parking As for car parks, a good southside option is the Royal College of Surgeons multi-storey off the west side of St Stephen’s Green (open 24hr, €4/hr or €10 overnight). On-street spaces are hard to find, but Merrion Square and Fitzwilliam Square are usually good bets. BY BIKE Following the likes of Paris and Vienna, Dublin introduced its own city-wide bike rental scheme, Dublinbikes ( www.dublinbikes.ie), in 2009. A three-day ticket costs €5 (credit/debit card required) and can be purchased from fourteen of the city’s fifty bike stations, of which the most central are at St Stephen’s Green East and West, Merrion Square West, Dame St, High St, the Custom House, Jervis St and Parnell Square North.

San Francisco Like a Local by DK Eyewitness

back-to-the-land, Big Tech, bike sharing, Black Lives Matter, Blue Bottle Coffee, Bottomless brunch, COVID-19, crowdsourcing, gentrification, Golden Gate Park, Greta Thunberg, Haight Ashbury, Kickstarter, Lyft, messenger bag, ride hailing / ride sharing, Salesforce, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, South of Market, San Francisco, tech bro, tech worker, uber lyft, young professional

Meet at the store at 7pm to join the 2.5-mile (4-km) jog to Bay and Hyde streets, where you wait for the next car. » Don’t leave without running back to the shop afterward (assuming you’re still alive) for the post-race raffle. Outdoors | Alfresco Fitness Part workout, part social, the Midnight Mystery Ride is the ultimate secret club for keen cyclists. The ride wheels into the night on the third Saturday of every month. First, bag a bike through the Bay Wheels bike-sharing scheme (or book one via the Lyft ride-sharing app) then join the Facebook group, where the starting location is revealed on the day of the ride. Then, follow the leader on a mystery tour through SF’s streets, with a few pit stops for beers on the way. g Alfresco Fitness g Contents Google Map Zumba in the Park Map 5; 198 John F.

City on the Verge by Mark Pendergrast

big-box store, bike sharing, clean water, Community Supported Agriculture, cotton gin, crowdsourcing, desegregation, edge city, Edward Glaeser, food desert, gentrification, global village, high-speed rail, housing crisis, hydraulic fracturing, income inequality, independent contractor, Jane Jacobs, jitney, land bank, Lewis Mumford, liberation theology, mass incarceration, McMansion, megaproject, New Urbanism, openstreetmap, power law, Richard Florida, streetcar suburb, subprime mortgage crisis, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the High Line, transatlantic slave trade, transit-oriented development, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, W. E. B. Du Bois, walkable city, white flight, young professional

In 2010, Rebecca Serna launched “Atlanta Streets Alive,” securing permission to temporarily block off two miles along Auburn and Edgewood Avenues, so that people could walk, bike, dance, and socialize where cars usually ruled. The program was a hit, and the renamed Atlanta Bicycle Coalition continued to sponsor such road parties in different neighborhoods, even blocking off Peachtree Street for one festival featuring music and a bicycle parade. Georgia Tech students started a bike-sharing program in 2012, inspiring the city to plan a similar effort to begin in 2016, though Atlanta was far behind Boston, Chattanooga, Portland, Washington, DC, and other cities. Serna noted that biking on city streets was good not only for riders’ health but for business. Cyclists could more easily stop to shop with the money they were saving on gas, maintenance, and parking.

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., 71–72, 74–75 Duckworth, Derrick, 204–205 Dunham-Jones, Ellen, 269 Duluth, 246 Dunwoody, 244 Durham, Janice, 109–110 Durley, Gerald, 55 Dusenbury, George, 162 EarthCraft certification, 144, 260 East Beltline neighborhoods, 173–187 East Lake neighborhood, 29, 36, 195 Eastside Trail, 10–11 building of, 127–128 cost, 128, 280 development around, 174–175 East Beltline neighborhoods, 173–187 educational tours, 146, 175 funding of, 279 growing pains, 158–160, 159 (photo) health benefits, 153 housing near, 129–130, 268 Lantern Parade, 287–288, 287 (photo) lighting, 285 linking to Westside, 285 success of, 156 Edelson, Debra, 223 Edgens, Sarah, 22–24 Eggers, Betsy, 254–257 Eisenhauer, Bill, 90 Elsas, Jacob, 75 Emerald Corridor LLC/Foundation, 144, 223 Emory University, 25, 194 The End of the Suburbs: Where the American Dream is Moving (Gallagher), 269 energy efficiency, 144–146 English, James, 34, 67 English Avenue neighborhood, 80, 86, 114, 163, 205, 214, 218, 270–272, 275, 294 Enota Park, 7 Environmental Protection Agency, 28 Eplan, Leon, 239 Eriksen, Michael, 152 E-SPLOST, 249 Estep, Jessica, 155 Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City (Desmond), 206–207 Felton, Rebecca Latimer, 70 Five Points, 72–73 Flocks, Sally, 139, 227–228 flooding issues, 90, 144, 230 Florida, Richard, 270 Focused Community Strategies (FCS), 192–197 Fonda, Jane, 28 food bank, 108, 152, 169 food deserts, 7, 150–152, 271 foreclosures, 96, 98, 101, 130, 161, 204, 248 Forest Park, 250 Forrest, Nathan Bedford, 66 Fort McPherson, 65, 163, 270 Forward Atlanta advertising campaign, 40–41 Fowler, Marianne, 16 Frank, Leo, 75–76 Franklin, Shirley, 27–29, 45 Atlanta BeltLine Partnership, 55, 278 Bellwood Quarry purchase, 85–87 BeltLine funding, 54, 59–60, 91 GDOT MMPT project, 102–103 homelessness issues, 108, 111 Kasim Reed and, 124 March 2004 meeting, 47–48 moratorium on large home building, 99 Purpose Built Communities, 195 water system, 143 Wayne Mason and, 53, 57, 94 Freedmen’s Bureau, 65 Freedom Park Trail, 17, 184 Friedberg, Andy, 206 Friends of English Avenue, 271, 294 Friends of the Belt Line, 28–29, 49, 52, 55, 91, 278 Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill, 34, 75, 187 Fulton County Commission, 54, 59–60, 62 Fulton County Department of Family and Child Services, 215 Fulton County Jail, 87, 108, 117 funding Alycen Whiddon and, 26–27, 29, 47 Atlanta Streetcar, 166–167 Boston Consulting Group (BCG) plan, 92 Eastside Trail, 279 Empowerment Zone, 191 E-SPLOST, 249 MARTA, 44, 281, 283, 285 private/philantropic donations, 49, 51–52, 56, 89, 158, 160–161, 279, 285 Shirley Franklin and, 54, 59–60, 91 in Strategic Implementation Plan, 158 streetcars, 132–133, 158, 280–281, 285 TAD (see tax allocation district) TIGER grants, 125, 157, 160, 280 T-SPLOST, 132–134, 233, 281–283 Westside Trail, 157, 160–161, 280 Funtown, 11 Fuqua Corporation, 160 Gaither, Pierre, 201 Gallagher, Leigh, 269 Gammon Theological Seminary, 67, 74 Garbett, Matt, 207, 268 Garvin, Alexander, 47–53, 87 Bellwood Quarry and, 49, 51, 283 The BeltLine Emerald Necklace: Atlanta’s New Public Realm, 49, 85, 89, 226 future of Atlanta, 267 Paul Morris and, 156 Wayne Mason and, 53 Gates-Boston, LaTonya, 203, 221–222 Gateway Center, 108, 112–113, 116 gentrification beneficiaries of, 272 displacement by, 21, 61, 88, 92, 129 Grant Park, 194 myth of, 189 Old Fourth Ward, 177 South Atlanta, 196 Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT), 24, 238 ABI agreement with, 123 attempt to commandeer Eastside Trail corridor, 279 fly-over lanes, 245 Interstate 495 plans, 183 MMPT project, 101–103 pedestrians and, 139–140 Road Fight, 183 Georgia Dome, 83, 163 Georgia Electric Light Company, 37 Georgia Power Company, 37, 106, 135, 146, 232 Georgia Railroad, 32, 34–35, 254 Georgia Railway & Electric Company, 37 Georgia Regional Transportation Authority (GRTA), 24, 26, 45, 95, 123 Georgia STAND-UP (Georgia Strategic Alliance for New Directions and Unified Policies), 61, 253, 272 Georgia State University, 162–163, 197, 270–271 Georgia Tech Atlanta Neighborhood Quality of Life and Health Project, 150, 151 (fig.) BeltLine feasibility study, 51, 59 bike-sharing program, 141 Brian Leary and, 121–122 Ryan Gravel and, 13–14, 49, 121–122 Technology Square development, 239 Georgia Works!, 112, 113 (photo), 294 Georgians for Community Redevelopment, 93 Gervin, Rachel, 288 Gilbert, Jane, 221 Gilded Age, 66–71 Giornelli, Greg, 29, 45, 53–54, 57, 59 Glenn, Luther, 32 Glenwood Castle (old Atlanta Stockade), 194 Glenwood Park neighborhood, 4, 25, 160 Global Village Project school, 255 Glover, Dwight, 225–226, 284 Glover, Renee, 162 Goat Farm, 227–228, 265 Goatsville, 254 Godshalk, David, 75 Gone with the Wind (Mitchell), 78, 106 Good Hair (film), 234 Gordon, John, 294 Gordon, Lisa, 135, 155 Grady, Henry, 33–34, 67–69 Grady Homes, 192 Grady Hospital, 113, 148, 252 Grant, Lemuel, 35, 192 Grant Park neighborhood, 5, 35, 48, 76, 81, 126, 192–195 grassroots support, 22–26, 278–279 Gravel, Karen, 22, 29, 186 Gravel, Ryan, 4 (photo) Atlanta City Design Project, 277–278 on bickering, 164 Friends of the Belt Line, 28–29, 49, 91 on future of BeltLine, 283 Garvin and, 49 Inman Park and, 186–187 master’s thesis, 13–15, 18–22, 19 (fig.)

The Wake-Up Call: Why the Pandemic Has Exposed the Weakness of the West, and How to Fix It by John Micklethwait, Adrian Wooldridge

Admiral Zheng, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, air traffic controllers' union, Alan Greenspan, basic income, battle of ideas, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, bike sharing, Black Lives Matter, Boris Johnson, carbon tax, carried interest, cashless society, central bank independence, contact tracing, contact tracing app, Corn Laws, coronavirus, COVID-19, creative destruction, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, defund the police, Deng Xiaoping, Dominic Cummings, Donald Trump, Etonian, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Future Shock, George Floyd, global pandemic, Internet of things, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, James Carville said: "I would like to be reincarnated as the bond market. You can intimidate everybody.", Jeremy Corbyn, Jones Act, knowledge economy, laissez-faire capitalism, Les Trente Glorieuses, lockdown, McMansion, military-industrial complex, night-watchman state, offshore financial centre, oil shock, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Parkinson's law, pensions crisis, QR code, rent control, Rishi Sunak, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, school vouchers, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, smart cities, social distancing, Steve Bannon, surveillance capitalism, TED Talk, trade route, Tyler Cowen, universal basic income, Washington Consensus

Cities are better at government in part because they are closer to their people than national politicians are; they also tend to be much less partisan. When he was mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, a left-wing Labor Party figure, embraced the “entirely capitalist” scheme of road pricing while his Tory successor, Boris Johnson, embraced the “entirely communist scheme” of bike sharing. One of the more striking things about America is that it has gotten worse at using the federal system to learn. As “laboratories of democracy,” the states used to be America’s way of renewing itself. Welfare reform and charter schools both began in Minnesota and then spread across the country.

The Wires of War: Technology and the Global Struggle for Power by Jacob Helberg

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 2021 United States Capitol attack, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, active measures, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, air gap, Airbnb, algorithmic management, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, bike sharing, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, Boris Johnson, Brexit referendum, cable laying ship, call centre, Cambridge Analytica, Cass Sunstein, cloud computing, coronavirus, COVID-19, creative destruction, crisis actor, data is the new oil, data science, decentralized internet, deep learning, deepfake, deglobalization, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, deplatforming, digital nomad, disinformation, don't be evil, Donald Trump, dual-use technology, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, end-to-end encryption, fail fast, fake news, Filter Bubble, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, geopolitical risk, glass ceiling, global pandemic, global supply chain, Google bus, Google Chrome, GPT-3, green new deal, information security, Internet of things, Jeff Bezos, Jeffrey Epstein, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, knowledge economy, Larry Ellison, lockdown, Loma Prieta earthquake, low earth orbit, low skilled workers, Lyft, manufacturing employment, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Mary Meeker, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, Mohammed Bouazizi, move fast and break things, Nate Silver, natural language processing, Network effects, new economy, one-China policy, open economy, OpenAI, Parler "social media", Peter Thiel, QAnon, QR code, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, RAND corporation, reshoring, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Russian election interference, Salesforce, Sam Altman, satellite internet, self-driving car, Sheryl Sandberg, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, smart grid, SoftBank, Solyndra, South China Sea, SpaceX Starlink, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stuxnet, supply-chain attack, Susan Wojcicki, tech worker, techlash, technoutopianism, TikTok, Tim Cook: Apple, trade route, TSMC, Twitter Arab Spring, uber lyft, undersea cable, Unsafe at Any Speed, Valery Gerasimov, vertical integration, Wargames Reagan, Westphalian system, white picket fence, WikiLeaks, Y Combinator, zero-sum game

By the time the Berlin Wall fell, the East German Stasi had amassed so many files on its citizens—documents, photos, recordings—that its archives would have extended nearly seventy miles.24 But even the Stasi couldn’t have dreamed of the surveillance power of the Chinese state. Thanks to a proliferation of “online to offline” services—such as ride-hailing, bike-sharing, and food delivery—and the widespread adoption of mobile payment technology, Chinese companies have access to a trove of data that is both mind-bogglingly vast and incredibly detailed. In China, beggars display QR codes for Alipay and WeChat donations. One Chinese bike-share company alone sends 20 terabytes of data to the cloud each day.25 Whereas U.S. tech companies possess a great deal of data on our online habits—such as our searches and “likes”—China’s tech giants know what you like to buy at the grocery store and where you get your hair done.

Northern California Travel Guide by Lonely Planet

Airbnb, Apple II, Asilomar, back-to-the-land, Bay Area Rapid Transit, big-box store, bike sharing, Burning Man, buy and hold, California gold rush, California high-speed rail, call centre, car-free, carbon credits, carbon footprint, clean water, company town, dark matter, Day of the Dead, Donald Trump, Donner party, East Village, El Camino Real, Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Frank Gehry, friendly fire, gentrification, gigafactory, glass ceiling, Golden Gate Park, Google bus, Haight Ashbury, haute couture, haute cuisine, high-speed rail, housing crisis, Joan Didion, Kickstarter, Loma Prieta earthquake, Lyft, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, Mason jar, McMansion, means of production, Northpointe / Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions, off-the-grid, Peoples Temple, Port of Oakland, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, San Francisco homelessness, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, South of Market, San Francisco, stealth mode startup, stem cell, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Stewart Brand, the built environment, trade route, transcontinental railway, uber lyft, Upton Sinclair, urban sprawl, white picket fence, Whole Earth Catalog, women in the workforce, working poor, Works Progress Administration, young professional

BART The fastest link between downtown and the Mission District also offers transit to SF airport (SFO; $8.95), Oakland ($3.45) and Berkeley ($4). Four of the system's five lines pass through SF before terminating at Daly City or SFO. Within SF, one-way fares start at $1.95. Bicycle Contact the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition for maps, information and legal matters regarding bicyclists. Bike sharing is new in SF: racks for Bay Area Bike Share (%855-480-2453; www.bayareabikeshare.com; 30-day membership $30) are located east of Van Ness Ave, and in the SoMa area; however, bikes come without helmets, and biking downtown without proper protection can be particularly dangerous. Bicycles can be taken on BART, but not aboard crowded trains, and never in the first car, nor in the first three cars during weekday rush hours; folded bikes are allowed in all cars at all times.

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Maps & Online Resources Local bike shops can supply you with more cycling-route ideas, maps and advice. ACalifornia Association of Bicycling Organizations (www.cabobike.org) Offers free bicycle touring and freeway-access information. ACalifornia Bicycle Coalition (www.calbike.org) Links to free online cycling maps, bike-sharing programs and community bike shops. AAdventure Cycling Association (www.adventurecycling.org) Sells long-distance cycling route guides and touring maps, including the Pacific Coast Hwy (PCH). ALeague of American Bicyclists (www.bikeleague.org) Find bicycle specialty shops, local cycling clubs, group rides and other special events.

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Davis, San Francisco, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara and Santa Cruz are among California’s most bike-friendly communities, as rated by the League of American Bicyclists (www.bikeleague.org). A couple of helpful resources: Adventure Cycling Association (www.adventurecycling.org) Online resource for purchasing bicycle-friendly maps and long-distance route guides. California Bicycle Coalition (http://calbike.org) Links to cycling route maps, events, safety tips, laws, bike-sharing programs and community nonprofit bicycle shops. Road Rules ACycling is allowed on all roads – and some freeways where there’s no suitable alternative; mandatory exits are clearly marked. ASome cities, including San Francisco, Oakland and Sacramento, have designated bicycle lanes, but urban biking is not for the fainthearted.

Intertwingled: Information Changes Everything by Peter Morville

A Pattern Language, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, Arthur Eddington, augmented reality, Bernie Madoff, bike sharing, Black Swan, business process, Cass Sunstein, cognitive dissonance, collective bargaining, Computer Lib, disinformation, disruptive innovation, folksonomy, holacracy, index card, information retrieval, Internet of things, Isaac Newton, iterative process, Jane Jacobs, Jeff Hawkins, John Markoff, Kanban, Lean Startup, Lyft, messenger bag, minimum viable product, Mother of all demos, Nelson Mandela, Paul Graham, peer-to-peer, Project Xanadu, quantum entanglement, RFID, Richard Thaler, ride hailing / ride sharing, Schrödinger's Cat, self-driving car, semantic web, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, single source of truth, source of truth, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, systems thinking, Ted Nelson, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the scientific method, The Wisdom of Crowds, theory of mind, uber lyft, urban planning, urban sprawl, Vannevar Bush, vertical integration, zero-sum game

Is it safe to ride a bike? I needed to answer that question. It took hours of searching, reading, and thinking to reach a conclusion. First, I had to figure out the politics. Cyclists and environmental groups have made “bike to work” into a movement. Cities around the country are building bike lanes and bike share systems. This is an exciting step towards a healthier society, but the interests of the individual and the community aren’t always aligned. And the commitments to cycling that people and politicians have made has created a powerful, cultural bias. The media repeats “cycling is safe” like a mantra, but is this the truth, or is it the result of cultural self-justification and the manufacture of consent?

Lonely Planet Pocket San Francisco by Lonely Planet, Alison Bing

Albert Einstein, back-to-the-land, Bay Area Rapid Transit, bike sharing, Blue Bottle Coffee, Burning Man, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, Day of the Dead, edge city, G4S, game design, Golden Gate Park, Haight Ashbury, Larry Ellison, machine readable, Mason jar, messenger bag, off-the-grid, San Francisco homelessness, Silicon Valley, stealth mode startup, Stewart Brand, transcontinental railway, Zipcar

From the parking area and bus stop, a pedestrian pathway leads past the toll plaza to the eastern sidewalk ( 5am-6pm daily) . Near the toll plaza is a cross-section of suspension cable, with the tensile strength to support thousands of cars and buses daily. If you’d rather not walk back, Golden Gate Transit buses head back to SF from Marin. Bikes share the eastern sidewalk, but must yield to pedestrians. Fort Point Completed in 1861 with 126 cannons, Fort Point (www.nps.gov/fopo; Marine Dr; admission free; 10am-5pm Fri-Sun; Lincoln Blvd) stood guard against certain invasion by Confederate soldiers during the Civil War…or not. Despite its guns, this fort saw no action – at least until Alfred Hitchcock shot scenes from Vertigo here, with stunning views of the Golden Gate Bridge from below.

Rome by Lonely Planet

bike sharing, bread and circuses, call centre, car-free, carbon footprint, double helix, G4S, gentrification, Index librorum prohibitorum, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, low cost airline, Murano, Venice glass, Pier Paolo Pasolini, retail therapy, Skype, urban planning

➡ On Saturdays, Sundays and weekdays after 8pm, you can take your bike on the metro and the Lido di Ostia train. You have to use the front carriage and buy a separate ticket for the bike. ➡ On Sundays and holidays you can carry bikes on bus 791. ➡ On regional trains marked with a bike icon on the timetable, you can carry a bike on payment of a €3.50 supplement. ➡ Rome has a bike-sharing scheme. You can sign up at the ATAC ticket offices at Termini, Spagna and Lepanto metro stations. There’s a €5 signing on fee and a €5 minimum charge. On signing up you’re provided with a rechargeable smartcard that allows you to pick up a bike from one of the 27 stations across the city, and use it for up to 24 hours within a single day.

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Archaeologia Card €23/12 7 days Entrance to the Colosseum, Palatino, Terme di Caracalla, Museo Nazionale Romano (Palazzo Altemps, Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Terme di Diocleziano, Crypta Balbi), Mausoleo di Cecilia Metella and Villa dei Quintili. Roma Pass (www.romapass.it) €27 3 days Includes free admission to two museums or sites (you choose from a list of 38) as well as reduced entry to extra sites, unlimited public transport within Rome, access to the bike-sharing scheme, and reduced-price entry to other exhibitions and events. Roma & Più pass includes some of the surrounding province. Note that EU citizens aged between 18 and 25 generally qualify for a discount at most galleries and museums, while those under 18 and over 65 often get in free. In both cases you’ll need proof of your age, ideally a passport or ID card.

The Rough Guide to New York City by Rough Guides

3D printing, Airbnb, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, bike sharing, Blue Bottle Coffee, Bonfire of the Vanities, Broken windows theory, Buckminster Fuller, buttonwood tree, car-free, centre right, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, clean water, collateralized debt obligation, colonial rule, congestion pricing, Cornelius Vanderbilt, crack epidemic, David Sedaris, Donald Trump, Downton Abbey, East Village, Edward Thorp, Elisha Otis, Exxon Valdez, Frank Gehry, General Motors Futurama, gentrification, glass ceiling, greed is good, haute couture, haute cuisine, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, index fund, it's over 9,000, Jane Jacobs, junk bonds, Kickstarter, Lewis Mumford, Lyft, machine readable, Nelson Mandela, Norman Mailer, paper trading, Ponzi scheme, post-work, pre–internet, rent stabilization, ride hailing / ride sharing, Saturday Night Live, Scaled Composites, starchitect, subprime mortgage crisis, sustainable-tourism, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the High Line, transcontinental railway, Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, uber lyft, upwardly mobile, urban decay, urban planning, urban renewal, white flight, Works Progress Administration, Yogi Berra, young professional

By bike Cycling is becoming a viable form of transport around New York, most enjoyable if you stick to the city’s two hundred miles of bike lanes (nycbikemaps.com) as well as the cycle paths along the waterfront and in parks. Wear all possible safety equipment including pads and a helmet (required by law). When you park, double-chain and lock your bike (including wheels) to an immovable object if you’d like it to be there when you return. In 2013 New York started a bike share scheme dubbed Citi Bike (citibikenyc.com), with thousands of bikes and hundreds of stations all over the city. There are three payment options: 24-Hour Pass ($12; unlimited 30min rides), 3-Day Pass ($24; unlimited 30min rides) or annual membership ($163; unlimited 45min rides). Pay at any Citi Bike station kiosk with a credit card; you’ll be given a code that will unlock a bike so you can begin your trip – end at another station and relock the bike.

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Three sources do an excellent job of providing specific cycling routes and maps, laws and regulations, and other relevant info: the bike-advocacy organization Transportation Alternatives (212 629 8080, transalt.org), which has some good maps; the New York City Department of City Planning (nyc.gov), which has a wealth of information available as part of their BND (Bicycle Network Development) project; and nycbikemaps.com, with extensive bike maps for all five boroughs, information on cycling events and links to other relevant sites. A popular bike share programme, instituted by former mayor Mike Bloomberg, has made bike transport much more accessible for New Yorkers and visitors. By law, you must wear a helmet when riding your bike on the street. Most bike stores rent bicycles by the day or hour. Refer to websites such as bike.nyc and bikenyc.org.

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Bloomberg presided over some difficult times, facing criticism for each event – one of the largest snowstorms in city history just after Christmas 2010; some unpopular (and, eventually, failed) appointments to high positions in the Department of Education; the protest movement known as Occupy Wall Street, which began in Zuccotti Park in late 2011 and brought attention to the economic disparity between finance titans and the working class; and, in October 2012, Hurricane Sandy. The last of these shook the city like nothing since 9/11, disrupting subway lines, washing away shoreline houses and creating the need for heavy rebuilding in neighbourhoods from the Financial District (namely around South Street Seaport) to Far Rockaway. Meanwhile, a citywide bike-sharing plan – which almost immediately became the nation’s largest such enterprise, with more than 40,000 members signed up within a month – was established; the long-debated Second Avenue subway line picked up speed in its construction; and the fight over Bloomberg’s soda ban (an attempt to eradicate the sale of sugary drinks over sixteen ounces, overturned by the Manhattan Supreme Court) raged on.

The Purpose Economy: How Your Desire for Impact, Personal Growth and Community Is Changing the World by Aaron Hurst

Abraham Maslow, Airbnb, Alvin Toffler, Atul Gawande, barriers to entry, benefit corporation, big-box store, bike sharing, Bill Atkinson, business process, call centre, carbon footprint, citizen journalism, commoditize, corporate social responsibility, crowdsourcing, disintermediation, do well by doing good, Elon Musk, Firefox, General Magic , glass ceiling, greed is good, housing crisis, independent contractor, informal economy, Jane Jacobs, jimmy wales, Khan Academy, Kickstarter, Lean Startup, longitudinal study, Max Levchin, means of production, Mitch Kapor, new economy, pattern recognition, Peter Singer: altruism, Peter Thiel, QR code, Ray Oldenburg, remote working, Ronald Reagan, selection bias, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Steve Jobs, TaskRabbit, TED Talk, Tony Hsieh, too big to fail, underbanked, women in the workforce, work culture , young professional, Zipcar

The market for lifestyle of health and sustainability (LOHAS) has doubled to $600 billion in five years, covering products and services focused on health and fitness, the environment, personal development, sustainable living, and social justice. The peer-to-peer or sharing market is now estimated at $26 billion.9 This new market includes everything from sharing bikes to cars to housing. More than 500 cities across 49 countries now have bike sharing programs with a combined fleet of over 500,000 bicycles.10 And new online markets like Etsy and Zaarly have just started to scratch the surface of maker and local markets. In 2013, Etsy surpassed $1 billion in sales, and farmers’ markets now make up the fastest growing part of our food sector, doubling in the last decade.11 Sustainability is a major market in the new economy.

Demystifying Smart Cities by Anders Lisdorf

3D printing, artificial general intelligence, autonomous vehicles, backpropagation, behavioural economics, Big Tech, bike sharing, bitcoin, business intelligence, business logic, business process, chief data officer, circular economy, clean tech, clean water, cloud computing, computer vision, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, congestion pricing, continuous integration, crowdsourcing, data is the new oil, data science, deep learning, digital rights, digital twin, distributed ledger, don't be evil, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, facts on the ground, Google Glasses, hydroponic farming, income inequality, information security, Infrastructure as a Service, Internet of things, Large Hadron Collider, Masdar, microservices, Minecraft, OSI model, platform as a service, pneumatic tube, ransomware, RFID, ride hailing / ride sharing, risk tolerance, Salesforce, self-driving car, smart cities, smart meter, software as a service, speech recognition, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Stuxnet, Thomas Bayes, Turing test, urban sprawl, zero-sum game

Mobility Even though more opportunities for jobs, food, and entertainment are available in a city, they are rarely in close proximity to residential areas. This means that people depend on the city’s offering of mobility services. Similarly, more people means more goods move into and out of the city. These are many and varied and currently the focus of a lot of innovation and new offerings. We see carpooling services, bike sharing, autonomous vehicles, scooters, and so on. Today there are multiple different ways for getting from point A to point B. Mobility seems to be one of the most blooming areas of city tech innovation, but there are still two primary areas that form the basis:Public transit – Regardless of the innovations we have considered, in many major cities, public transit is still a key form of mobility.

Insight Guides South America (Travel Guide eBook) by Insight Guides

Airbnb, anti-communist, Atahualpa, bike sharing, call centre, centre right, colonial rule, Colonization of Mars, COVID-19, digital nomad, Easter island, European colonialism, failed state, Francisco Pizarro, invention of writing, Kickstarter, land reform, urban planning, urban renewal

Sport and Activities Many summer and winter sports played in the Northern Hemisphere are also played in Argentina. Team sports include soccer, basketball, handball, and volleyball. The Andes, Patagonia and estancias are excellent destinations for horseback riding. Biking is possible in most of the country, and tours are available. Cycling paths are being extended in the capital and the city bike sharing system is getting more popular. The Lake District and Atlantic beaches offer water sports, including surfing, kite-surfing and windsurfing. Hiking and mountain climbing are best in the Andes along almost the entire western border of the country. Winter sports include downhill, snowboarding, and (rarer) cross-country skiing.

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Speeding fines can be high (several hundred dollars). In Rio de Janeiro and Sâo Paulo Rio and Sâo Paulo both have good subway services. Lines radiate from the city centers and are extended by bus links. Maps in the station mean you can find your way without needing Portuguese. Both cities (and a rising number of others across the country) have a bike share system run by Mobilicidade (www.mobilicidade.com.br). A–Z Accommodations Tourist offices can provide visitors with comprehensive lists of hotels in all price ranges. There is no shortage of excellent hotels and decent hostels in Brazil. The larger cities and resort areas, especially, have hotels run to international standards, with multilingual staff.

Curbing Traffic: The Human Case for Fewer Cars in Our Lives by Chris Bruntlett, Melissa Bruntlett

15-minute city, An Inconvenient Truth, autonomous vehicles, bike sharing, BIPOC, car-free, coronavirus, COVID-19, emotional labour, en.wikipedia.org, global pandemic, green new deal, Jane Jacobs, lockdown, Lyft, microplastics / micro fibres, New Urbanism, post-work, RAND corporation, ride hailing / ride sharing, self-driving car, social distancing, streetcar suburb, the built environment, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, urban planning, white flight, working-age population, World Values Survey

Adjust her situation to part-time or off-hours shift work, and it becomes impossible; leaving her with no choice but to purchase a car and manage that financial burden. When investments in public transport are made to improve the system, including MaaS (Mobility as a Service) based models like carand bike-sharing, they are often located largely in city centers. While these can be viewed as a net positive, they are focused on places that need them the least. “The whole public transport system is based on the needs of higher educated groups, concentrated to the centers, and to locations where they need to go,” Bastiaanssen says.

Fodor's Essential Israel by Fodor's Travel Guides

bike sharing, call centre, coronavirus, haute cuisine, illegal immigration, Louis Pasteur, Mahatma Gandhi, means of production, Mount Scopus, New Urbanism, Pepto Bismol, sensible shoes, starchitect, stem cell, sustainable-tourism, trade route, urban planning, Wall-E, Yom Kippur War, young professional

High-end restaurants mingle with old-school eateries where elderly men hold noisy court about the issues of the day over black coffee and apple turnovers. Sometimes described as an urban village, Tel Aviv is made for walking (or biking, now that it has an extensive network of more than 100 km [62 miles] of bike paths and a bike-share system). From most parts of the city, the sea is never more than a 20-minute walk. In this combination beach town, business center, and arts mecca, people spend Friday afternoon bumping into friends, wandering from café to café, and pausing to hear live jazz trios, all the while strolling with their dogs down boulevards lined with 1940s-era newspaper kiosks that have been transformed into gourmet sandwich stands.

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With more than a million negatives documenting Israel’s history, this nostalgic shop sells historical photographs, books, postcards, posters, and gifts, many of which are only found here. E 5 Tchernichovsky St., Center City P 03/517–7916 wwww.thephotohouse.co.il C Closed Sat. a Activities BIKING Tel-O-Fun BIKING | Tel Aviv runs this convenient bike-sharing system—pick up a bike at one station and return it there or at any other station around the city. The fees are calculated by the minute and are more expensive over the weekend. An accessible and easy-to-use app makes this a convenient way to explore the city. The bikes are quite heavy and are useful for getting from point to point throughout the city or for riding along the seafront promenade.

Germany Travel Guide by Lonely Planet

Airbnb, Albert Einstein, bank run, Berlin Wall, bike sharing, Boeing 747, British Empire, call centre, capitalist realism, car-free, carbon footprint, centre right, company town, double helix, Dr. Strangelove, eurozone crisis, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Frank Gehry, gentrification, glass ceiling, Gregor Mendel, haute couture, haute cuisine, high-speed rail, Honoré de Balzac, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johannes Kepler, Kickstarter, low cost airline, messenger bag, Mikhail Gorbachev, Neil Armstrong, New Urbanism, off-the-grid, oil shale / tar sands, Peace of Westphalia, Peter Eisenman, post-work, Prenzlauer Berg, retail therapy, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan: Tear down this wall, sensible shoes, Skype, starchitect, three-masted sailing ship, trade route, upwardly mobile, urban planning, urban renewal, V2 rocket, white picket fence

A minimum deposit of €30 (more for fancier bikes) and/or ID are required. Some outfits also offer repair service or bicycle-storage facilities. Hotels, especially in resort areas, sometimes keep a stable of bicycles for their guests, often at no charge. Call a Bike (07000 522 5522; www.callabike.de) is an automated bike-rental scheme offered by Deutsche Bahn (www.bahn.com). It requires that you preregister with a credit card, either online for free or by phone for €5. Once you’ve located a bicycle, call the number listed on the lock and follow the instructions. The cost is €0.08 per minute or €15 per day. In Stuttgart and Hamburg, use is free for the first 30 minutes.

The Complacent Class: The Self-Defeating Quest for the American Dream by Tyler Cowen

affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, Alvin Roth, assortative mating, behavioural economics, Bernie Sanders, bike sharing, Black Lives Matter, Black Swan, business climate, business cycle, circulation of elites, classic study, clean water, David Graeber, declining real wages, deindustrialization, desegregation, digital divide, Donald Trump, driverless car, drone strike, East Village, Elon Musk, Ferguson, Missouri, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, gentrification, gig economy, Google Glasses, Hyman Minsky, Hyperloop, income inequality, intangible asset, Internet of things, inventory management, knowledge worker, labor-force participation, low interest rates, low skilled workers, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, medical residency, meta-analysis, obamacare, offshore financial centre, Paradox of Choice, Paul Samuelson, Peter Thiel, public intellectual, purchasing power parity, Richard Florida, security theater, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Skype, South China Sea, Steven Pinker, Stuxnet, The Great Moderation, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, total factor productivity, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, upwardly mobile, Vilfredo Pareto, working-age population, World Values Survey

The Department of Transportation has written, “All indicators show declines in personal travel for every age group, particularly among young people since the early 2000s. It is too soon to tell whether this decline is temporary or indicative of a long-term trend.”28 Of course, these measures don’t entirely reflect negative trends. To the extent that people are commuting less because they’ve moved back into cities, or using the subway less because bike sharing and bike lanes have made that form of travel more efficient and safer, that’s great. And if video chat and Skype have meant that we have to travel less for business meetings, or to keep in touch with family and friends, there’s certainly some good there too. Still, the overall picture on transportation does not suggest a dynamic economy.

Bike Boom: The Unexpected Resurgence of Cycling by Carlton Reid

1960s counterculture, autonomous vehicles, Beeching cuts, bike sharing, California gold rush, car-free, cognitive dissonance, driverless car, Ford Model T, Haight Ashbury, Jane Jacobs, Kickstarter, military-industrial complex, peak oil, Ponzi scheme, Silicon Valley, Skype, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, Stop de Kindermoord, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Traffic in Towns by Colin Buchanan, urban planning, urban renewal, Whole Earth Catalog, Yom Kippur War

Provo became most famous for their “White Bicycle Plan,” a proposal to close central Amsterdam to motorized traffic and create a free bicycle-sharing scheme, using bicycles that had been (poorly) painted white. “The asphalt terror of the motorized bourgeoisie has lasted long enough,” mused a Provo poster promoting the coming of the White Bicycles (the idea of which would later go on to inspire city bike-share schemes around the world). Every day, human sacrifice is made to the newest authority that the bourgeoisie are at the mercy of: the Auto-Authority. The smothering carbon monoxide is their incense…. Provo’s Bicycles Plan presents liberation from the car-monster…. The White Bicycle can be used by whomever needs it.

Exponential Organizations: Why New Organizations Are Ten Times Better, Faster, and Cheaper Than Yours (And What to Do About It) by Salim Ismail, Yuri van Geest

23andMe, 3D printing, Airbnb, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Amazon Web Services, anti-fragile, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, Baxter: Rethink Robotics, behavioural economics, Ben Horowitz, bike sharing, bioinformatics, bitcoin, Black Swan, blockchain, Blue Ocean Strategy, book value, Burning Man, business intelligence, business process, call centre, chief data officer, Chris Wanstrath, circular economy, Clayton Christensen, clean water, cloud computing, cognitive bias, collaborative consumption, collaborative economy, commoditize, corporate social responsibility, cross-subsidies, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, dark matter, data science, Dean Kamen, deep learning, DeepMind, dematerialisation, discounted cash flows, disruptive innovation, distributed ledger, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, fail fast, game design, gamification, Google Glasses, Google Hangouts, Google X / Alphabet X, gravity well, hiring and firing, holacracy, Hyperloop, industrial robot, Innovator's Dilemma, intangible asset, Internet of things, Iridium satellite, Isaac Newton, Jeff Bezos, Joi Ito, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, knowledge worker, Kodak vs Instagram, Law of Accelerating Returns, Lean Startup, life extension, lifelogging, loose coupling, loss aversion, low earth orbit, Lyft, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, market design, Max Levchin, means of production, Michael Milken, minimum viable product, natural language processing, Netflix Prize, NetJets, Network effects, new economy, Oculus Rift, offshore financial centre, PageRank, pattern recognition, Paul Graham, paypal mafia, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer model, Peter H. Diamandis: Planetary Resources, Peter Thiel, Planet Labs, prediction markets, profit motive, publish or perish, radical decentralization, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, RFID, ride hailing / ride sharing, risk tolerance, Ronald Coase, Rutger Bregman, Salesforce, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, skunkworks, Skype, smart contracts, Snapchat, social software, software is eating the world, SpaceShipOne, speech recognition, stealth mode startup, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Steve Jurvetson, subscription business, supply-chain management, synthetic biology, TaskRabbit, TED Talk, telepresence, telepresence robot, the long tail, Tony Hsieh, transaction costs, Travis Kalanick, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, uber lyft, urban planning, Virgin Galactic, WikiLeaks, winner-take-all economy, X Prize, Y Combinator, zero-sum game

By comparison, scarcity of supply or resources tends to keep costs high and stimulates ownership over access. Today, a trend known as Collaborative Consumption leverages the Internet and social networks to create a more efficient utilization of physical assets. The following shows just some of the vertical markets affected by the phenomenon of moving from “possess” to “access”: bartering, bike sharing, boat sharing, carpooling, ride sharing, car sharing, collaborative workspace, co-housing, co-working, crowdfunding, garden sharing, fractional ownership, peer-to-peer renting, product service systtem, seed swaps, taxi shares, time banks, virtual currency (Source: Wikipedia). Note that in traditional industries that can be fully information-enabled, new competition has produced a staggering drop in revenues for old companies.

The Green New Deal: Why the Fossil Fuel Civilization Will Collapse by 2028, and the Bold Economic Plan to Save Life on Earth by Jeremy Rifkin

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, 2013 Report for America's Infrastructure - American Society of Civil Engineers - 19 March 2013, American Society of Civil Engineers: Report Card, autonomous vehicles, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, bike sharing, blockchain, book value, borderless world, business cycle, business process, carbon footprint, carbon tax, circular economy, collective bargaining, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, decarbonisation, digital rights, do well by doing good, electricity market, en.wikipedia.org, energy transition, failed state, general purpose technology, ghettoisation, green new deal, Greta Thunberg, high-speed rail, hydrogen economy, impact investing, information asymmetry, intangible asset, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, Joseph Schumpeter, means of production, megacity, megaproject, military-industrial complex, Network effects, new economy, off grid, off-the-grid, oil shale / tar sands, peak oil, planetary scale, prudent man rule, remunicipalization, renewable energy credits, rewilding, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, sharing economy, Sidewalk Labs, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, smart grid, sovereign wealth fund, Steven Levy, subprime mortgage crisis, the built environment, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tim Cook: Apple, trade route, union organizing, urban planning, vertical integration, warehouse automation, women in the workforce, zero-sum game

Ford is partnering with lighthouse cities, working alongside city planners and civic organizations to develop new ways to move people and goods beyond the private car. The goal is to work with a full range of transportation partners to develop seamless mobility services that can partner Ford’s autonomous self-driving electric vehicles with public transportation, bike-sharing and scooter-sharing services, and pedestrian walkways to ferry passengers and goods effortlessly, passing them off between the various modes of transportation to final destinations, with the objective of reducing congestion and carbon emissions.8 I joined Mark Fields, then CEO of Ford, in January 2017 on the opening day of the North American Auto Show in Detroit to introduce the new business model.

Lonely Planet Best of Hawaii by Lonely Planet

Airbnb, bike sharing, call centre, carbon footprint, G4S, Kickstarter, land reform, Larry Ellison, low cost airline, machine readable, Maui Hawaii, Peter Pan Syndrome, polynesian navigation

Speedi Shuttle (%877-242-5777, 808-329-5433; www.speedishuttle.com; airport transfer Kailua Kona shared/private $32/124, Mauna Lani $59/186; h9am-last flight) is economical if you’re in a group. Book in advance, and beware, they’ve been known to run on island time. 8Getting Around At the time of research, a bike share ($3.50 per half hour) program was just getting off the ground. Kiosks are located at Hale Halawai Park, Huggo’s On the Rock’s and Courtyard King Kamehameha’s Kona Beach Hotel. The kiosks accept credit cards. Bike Works (%808-326-2453; www.bikeworkskona.com; 74-5583 Luhia St, Hale Hana Center; bicycle rental per day $40-60; h9am-6pm Mon-Sat, 10am-4pm Sun) rents high-quality mountain and road-touring bikes.

Colorado by Lonely Planet

big-box store, bike sharing, California gold rush, carbon footprint, Columbine, company town, East Village, fixed-gear, gentrification, haute couture, haute cuisine, Kickstarter, megaproject, off-the-grid, payday loans, restrictive zoning, Steve Wozniak, Timothy McVeigh, trade route, transcontinental railway, young professional

Summer sees many ski resorts wave goodbye to the snow set and say hello to the two-wheelers. To get you oriented: »Central Mountains This whole region is home to one of the state’s best network of bike paths. Everything you could want is here: road, tracks and gravel. »Denver A bike-lover’s city, complete with bike-share program, bike-friendly public transportation and plenty of paths. »Boulder Possibly more bike-crazed than Denver; paths and bike lanes lead to virtually everywhere in town and beyond. »Fort Collins A bike museum is spread across the whole town; jumping on a fixie is the way to get around here. »Around Grand Junction The mix of flat roads and wineries is a tempting combination; some of the USA’s best single-track trails are near Fruita. »Telluride Single-track routes and amazing scenery?

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It’s a straight shot up 14th St to Civic Center Park, where you can pose by Bronco Buster and climb to the 13th stair of the Colorado State Capitol – exactly one mile above sea level. Activities There’s a lot of talk about how the people of Denver are, on average, the slimmest in the USA, and it’s easy to understand why. The city is checkered with lovely parks and green spaces; it has smooth bike lanes and an increasingly popular community bike-share program; and the siren call of the rugged Front Range is ever-present. Plus, the sun is always shining here. City elders and wags at the Chamber of Commerce are wont to brag about the 300 annual days of sunshine with which Denver is blessed, and the residents seem determined to soak up every minute of it.

Street Smart: The Rise of Cities and the Fall of Cars by Samuel I. Schwartz

2013 Report for America's Infrastructure - American Society of Civil Engineers - 19 March 2013, active transport: walking or cycling, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, American Society of Civil Engineers: Report Card, autonomous vehicles, bike sharing, car-free, City Beautiful movement, collaborative consumption, congestion charging, congestion pricing, crowdsourcing, desegregation, Donald Shoup, driverless car, Enrique Peñalosa, Ford Model T, Ford paid five dollars a day, Frederick Winslow Taylor, high-speed rail, if you build it, they will come, Induced demand, intermodal, invention of the wheel, lake wobegon effect, Lewis Mumford, Loma Prieta earthquake, longitudinal study, Lyft, Masdar, megacity, meta-analysis, moral hazard, Nate Silver, oil shock, parking minimums, Productivity paradox, Ralph Nader, rent control, ride hailing / ride sharing, Rosa Parks, scientific management, self-driving car, skinny streets, smart cities, smart grid, smart transportation, TED Talk, the built environment, the map is not the territory, transportation-network company, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, Unsafe at Any Speed, urban decay, urban planning, urban renewal, walkable city, Wall-E, white flight, white picket fence, Works Progress Administration, Yogi Berra, Zipcar

When it came time for college, Morgan chose Columbia University in New York City, which was, in terms of the built environment, about as distant from the DC suburbs as Mars. And she adored it. Today she is an engineer and planner working in my company’s Los Angeles office in bike-lane design and bike-share planning for cities. She does so on a computer running very sophisticated programs rather than using a chunk of chalk on a strip of asphalt, but it’s not hard to see the line connecting one with the other. At Sam Schwartz Engineering, a relatively high proportion of employees are Millennials like Morgan.

The New Urban Crisis: How Our Cities Are Increasing Inequality, Deepening Segregation, and Failing the Middle Class?and What We Can Do About It by Richard Florida

affirmative action, Airbnb, back-to-the-city movement, basic income, Bernie Sanders, bike sharing, blue-collar work, business climate, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, clean water, Columbine, congestion charging, creative destruction, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, declining real wages, deindustrialization, Donald Trump, East Village, edge city, Edward Glaeser, failed state, Ferguson, Missouri, gentrification, Gini coefficient, Google bus, high net worth, high-speed rail, income inequality, income per capita, industrial cluster, informal economy, Jane Jacobs, jitney, Kitchen Debate, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, land value tax, low skilled workers, Lyft, megacity, megaproject, Menlo Park, mortgage tax deduction, Nate Silver, New Economic Geography, new economy, New Urbanism, occupational segregation, off-the-grid, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, Paul Graham, plutocrats, RAND corporation, rent control, rent-seeking, restrictive zoning, Richard Florida, rising living standards, Ronald Reagan, secular stagnation, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, SimCity, sovereign wealth fund, streetcar suburb, superstar cities, tech worker, the built environment, The Chicago School, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the High Line, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, trickle-down economics, Tyler Cowen, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, universal basic income, upwardly mobile, urban decay, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, white flight, young professional

The city’s high-tech sector, which had been nearly wiped out when the dot-com bubble burst in 2001, was booming again, and to cement its future, the Bloomberg administration had announced a $2 billion initiative to build a two-million-square-foot applied science and engineering campus on Roosevelt Island for Cornell University and Israel’s Technion. The city’s streets were cleaner than they’d ever been and teeming with activity. Violent crime was way down, and tourists were pouring in at record rates. Manhattan was even flush with bicycles, thanks in part to its new bike lanes and bike-sharing infrastructure. New York City was winning the worldwide competition for both capital and talent—the key to the city’s success, as Bloomberg had put it himself in an op-ed in The Financial Times. “A city that wants to attract creators must offer a fertile breeding ground for new ideas and innovations,” he’d written.

Peers Inc: How People and Platforms Are Inventing the Collaborative Economy and Reinventing Capitalism by Robin Chase

Airbnb, Amazon Web Services, Andy Kessler, Anthropocene, Apollo 13, banking crisis, barriers to entry, basic income, Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL), bike sharing, bitcoin, blockchain, Burning Man, business climate, call centre, car-free, carbon tax, circular economy, cloud computing, collaborative consumption, collaborative economy, collective bargaining, commoditize, congestion charging, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data science, deal flow, decarbonisation, different worldview, do-ocracy, don't be evil, Donald Shoup, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, Eyjafjallajökull, Ferguson, Missouri, Firefox, Free Software Foundation, frictionless, Gini coefficient, GPS: selective availability, high-speed rail, hive mind, income inequality, independent contractor, index fund, informal economy, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, Jane Jacobs, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, job satisfaction, Kickstarter, Kinder Surprise, language acquisition, Larry Ellison, Lean Startup, low interest rates, Lyft, machine readable, means of production, megacity, Minecraft, minimum viable product, Network effects, new economy, Oculus Rift, off-the-grid, openstreetmap, optical character recognition, pattern recognition, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer lending, peer-to-peer model, Post-Keynesian economics, Richard Stallman, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, Satoshi Nakamoto, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, self-driving car, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, six sigma, Skype, smart cities, smart grid, Snapchat, sovereign wealth fund, Steve Crocker, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, TaskRabbit, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Future of Employment, the long tail, The Nature of the Firm, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, Turing test, turn-by-turn navigation, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, vertical integration, Zipcar

There are peer-driven black-car services; peer-owned and -driven taxis; one-way urban cars (rather like taxis you drive yourself); round-trip cars available by the hour or even by the minute; peer-to-peer car rentals; apps that facilitate the sharing of taxis and long-distance trip sharing; shared shuttles to work; municipal, hotel, and university bike sharing; and peer-to-peer bike rentals. Each one of these reduces the need to own your own car and encourages you to think about the cost of each trip and choose the mode that best matches your needs. Between 2001 and 2009, millennials (those between the ages of nineteen and thirty-four) reduced the miles they traveled by car each year by 23 percent.24 The new transportation services have helped make this happen.

What Would Google Do? by Jeff Jarvis

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 23andMe, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Amazon Web Services, Anne Wojcicki, AOL-Time Warner, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, bike sharing, business process, call centre, carbon tax, cashless society, citizen journalism, clean water, commoditize, connected car, content marketing, credit crunch, crowdsourcing, death of newspapers, different worldview, disintermediation, diversified portfolio, don't be evil, Dunbar number, fake news, fear of failure, Firefox, future of journalism, G4S, Golden age of television, Google Earth, Googley, Howard Rheingold, informal economy, inventory management, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, John Perry Barlow, Kevin Kelly, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, moral hazard, Network effects, new economy, Nicholas Carr, old-boy network, PageRank, peer-to-peer lending, post scarcity, prediction markets, pre–internet, Ronald Coase, Salesforce, search inside the book, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Skype, social graph, social software, social web, spectrum auction, speech recognition, Steve Jobs, the long tail, the medium is the message, The Nature of the Firm, the payments system, The Wisdom of Crowds, transaction costs, web of trust, WikiLeaks, Y Combinator, Zipcar

I can get similar rates from traditional rental companies but with less flexibility and convenience. Zipcar says each of its cars replaces 15 privately owned cars and that 40 percent of its members decide to give up owning a car. Similarly, Paris’ mayor announced in 2008 that the city would follow its successful bike-sharing program by making 4,000 electric cars available to residents to pick up and drop off at 700 locations. The goal is to get Parisians to buy fewer cars. I know what you’re thinking (and can hear the peals of laughter all the way from Detroit): The last thing a car company should want is fewer cars.

Uberland: How Algorithms Are Rewriting the Rules of Work by Alex Rosenblat

"Susan Fowler" uber, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, algorithmic management, Amazon Mechanical Turk, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, basic income, big-box store, bike sharing, Black Lives Matter, business logic, call centre, cashless society, Cass Sunstein, choice architecture, cognitive load, collaborative economy, collective bargaining, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, data science, death from overwork, digital divide, disinformation, disruptive innovation, don't be evil, Donald Trump, driverless car, emotional labour, en.wikipedia.org, fake news, future of work, gender pay gap, gig economy, Google Chrome, Greyball, income inequality, independent contractor, information asymmetry, information security, Jaron Lanier, Jessica Bruder, job automation, job satisfaction, Lyft, marginal employment, Mark Zuckerberg, move fast and break things, Network effects, new economy, obamacare, performance metric, Peter Thiel, price discrimination, proprietary trading, Ralph Waldo Emerson, regulatory arbitrage, ride hailing / ride sharing, Salesforce, self-driving car, sharing economy, side hustle, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Skype, social software, SoftBank, stealth mode startup, Steve Jobs, strikebreaker, TaskRabbit, technological determinism, Tim Cook: Apple, transportation-network company, Travis Kalanick, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, union organizing, universal basic income, urban planning, Wolfgang Streeck, work culture , workplace surveillance , Yochai Benkler, Zipcar

The sharing-economy language has long been both expansive and imprecise, recasting service industry and white-collar jobs alike in the amorphous terms of digital culture and the New Economy. The sharing economy has also made for odd bedfellows: hopeful, left-leaning advocates of cooperative housing and bike-sharing found themselves allying with industry tech positivists (those who believe that technology will inevitably lead to continual social progress). As sharing technology has taken on a more significant role in society, other civil society actors have chosen to become stakeholders in Uber’s future developments.

Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations by Clay Shirky

Andrew Keen, Andy Carvin, Berlin Wall, bike sharing, bioinformatics, Brewster Kahle, c2.com, Charles Lindbergh, commons-based peer production, crowdsourcing, digital rights, en.wikipedia.org, Free Software Foundation, Garrett Hardin, hiring and firing, hive mind, Howard Rheingold, Internet Archive, invention of agriculture, invention of movable type, invention of the printing press, invention of the telegraph, jimmy wales, John Perry Barlow, Joi Ito, Kuiper Belt, liberation theology, Mahatma Gandhi, means of production, Merlin Mann, Metcalfe’s law, Nash equilibrium, Network effects, Nicholas Carr, Picturephone, place-making, Pluto: dwarf planet, power law, prediction markets, price mechanism, prisoner's dilemma, profit motive, Richard Stallman, Robert Metcalfe, Ronald Coase, Silicon Valley, slashdot, social software, Stewart Brand, supply-chain management, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, the long tail, The Nature of the Firm, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, ultimatum game, Vilfredo Pareto, Wayback Machine, Yochai Benkler, Yogi Berra

The easiest way to get to these newsgroups is through groups.google.com, which provides a Web-based interface to the groups. Page 282: civic bicycle programs Interestingly, many accounts of the failure of the original White Bicycle program include an unsubstantiated accusation that the bicycles were confiscated or thrown in the canals by the police. These stories create the sense that uncontrolled bike-sharing would have succeeded but for this intervention by the authorities; such stories, however, are hard to make sense of in light of the collapse of uncontrolled programs in subsequent eras. You can get some sense of the universality of the problem of theft by looking at antitheft instructions at contemporary community bike Web sites like ibike (www.ibike.org/encouragement/freebike-issues.htm#TRACKING. ).

The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise of Crowd-Based Capitalism by Arun Sundararajan

"World Economic Forum" Davos, additive manufacturing, Airbnb, AltaVista, Amazon Mechanical Turk, asset light, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, basic income, benefit corporation, bike sharing, bitcoin, blockchain, book value, Burning Man, call centre, Carl Icahn, collaborative consumption, collaborative economy, collective bargaining, commoditize, commons-based peer production, corporate social responsibility, cryptocurrency, data science, David Graeber, distributed ledger, driverless car, Eben Moglen, employer provided health coverage, Erik Brynjolfsson, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, Frank Levy and Richard Murnane: The New Division of Labor, future of work, general purpose technology, George Akerlof, gig economy, housing crisis, Howard Rheingold, independent contractor, information asymmetry, Internet of things, inventory management, invisible hand, job automation, job-hopping, John Zimmer (Lyft cofounder), Kickstarter, knowledge worker, Kula ring, Lyft, Marc Andreessen, Mary Meeker, megacity, minimum wage unemployment, moral hazard, moral panic, Network effects, new economy, Oculus Rift, off-the-grid, pattern recognition, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer lending, peer-to-peer model, peer-to-peer rental, profit motive, public intellectual, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, recommendation engine, regulatory arbitrage, rent control, Richard Florida, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robert Gordon, Ronald Coase, Ross Ulbricht, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, smart contracts, Snapchat, social software, supply-chain management, TaskRabbit, TED Talk, the long tail, The Nature of the Firm, total factor productivity, transaction costs, transportation-network company, two-sided market, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, universal basic income, Vitalik Buterin, WeWork, Yochai Benkler, Zipcar

If you can connect the people who have the assets to people who are willing to pay to rent them, you reduce waste and end up with a more efficient system.19 Internet-enabled marketplaces are one kind of “community” through which the connection Surowecki refers to can be made. But, of course, there are other kinds. In keeping the scope and arguments of the book focused, I have left out a wide variety of sharing activities that are also gaining popularity: among them, food cooperatives, car-sharing cooperatives, time banks, bike-sharing initiatives, co-housing, and co-working. I don’t mean to suggest through this omission that these activities aren’t important or desirable. However, they don’t fall as naturally under my umbrella of crowd-based capitalism. But let’s return now to the examples I have discussed in this chapter.

The Lost Decade: 2010–2020, and What Lies Ahead for Britain by Polly Toynbee, David Walker

banking crisis, battle of ideas, bike sharing, Boris Johnson, Brexit referendum, Bullingdon Club, call centre, car-free, centre right, collective bargaining, congestion charging, corporate governance, crony capitalism, Crossrail, David Attenborough, Dominic Cummings, Donald Trump, Downton Abbey, energy transition, Etonian, financial engineering, first-past-the-post, G4S, gender pay gap, gig economy, Gini coefficient, global village, green new deal, Greta Thunberg, high net worth, housing crisis, income inequality, industrial robot, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), James Dyson, Jeremy Corbyn, Large Hadron Collider, low interest rates, manufacturing employment, mass immigration, moral panic, mortgage debt, North Sea oil, offshore financial centre, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, payday loans, pension reform, Phoebe Waller-Bridge, quantitative easing, Right to Buy, Saturday Night Live, selection bias, smart meter, Uber for X, ultra-processed food, urban renewal, working-age population

Then, in another turnaround, charity was hailed for setting up food banks. On Your Bike If some aspects of behaviour changed, on others we hunkered down, refusing to shift. Out of our cars, for example. In 2010 total UK bike sales amounted to £1.49 billion; they fell to £1.28 billion by 2016. But bike sharing expanded in some places; in Manchester, too many ended up in the canal. The number of people working in the bicycle trade in the UK dropped from 15,000 to a low of just over 12,400 over the same period. Among them was Andy Brooke, whom we first met in 2014, just after he opened his shop on busy London Road, near Derby railway station.

Carmageddon: How Cars Make Life Worse and What to Do About It by Daniel Knowles

active transport: walking or cycling, autonomous vehicles, Bandra-Worli Sea Link, bank run, big-box store, bike sharing, Boeing 747, Boris Johnson, business cycle, car-free, carbon footprint, congestion charging, congestion pricing, coronavirus, COVID-19, Crossrail, decarbonisation, deindustrialization, Detroit bankruptcy, Donald Shoup, Donald Trump, driverless car, Elaine Herzberg, Elon Musk, first-past-the-post, Ford Model T, Frank Gehry, garden city movement, General Motors Futurama, gentrification, ghettoisation, high-speed rail, housing crisis, Hyperloop, Induced demand, James Watt: steam engine, Jane Jacobs, Jeremy Corbyn, Jevons paradox, Lewis Mumford, lockdown, Lyft, megacity, megastructure, New Urbanism, Northern Rock, parking minimums, Piers Corbyn, Richard Florida, ride hailing / ride sharing, safety bicycle, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, Southern State Parkway, Steve Jobs, TED Talk, Tesla Model S, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the High Line, Traffic in Towns by Colin Buchanan, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, upwardly mobile, urban planning, urban renewal, walkable city, white flight, white picket fence, Yom Kippur War, young professional

Courtney Cobbs, a cycling activist in Chicago, told me that she moved to the city from her hometown in Arkansas in 2011 precisely because she did not want to have to drive everywhere. “It wasn’t as busy as New York, it’s not as expensive as New York. So I was like, Chicago. Perfect.” Working as a social worker, she kept a car initially. But as soon as she was able to get a job that didn’t require her to drive, she gave it up. Then in 2014, Chicago introduced its bike-sharing scheme, Divvy. And Courtney quickly realized that biking could work as a means of transport. “It started with, ‘oh, I missed the bus. So I’m gonna, you know, bike to my destination,’ ” she says. Then the biking started to become her first choice for getting around. The trouble is, biking in Chicago was—and often remains—pretty miserable.

The Future Is Analog: How to Create a More Human World by David Sax

Alvin Toffler, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, Bernie Sanders, big-box store, bike sharing, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, bread and circuses, Buckminster Fuller, Cal Newport, call centre, clean water, cognitive load, commoditize, contact tracing, contact tracing app, COVID-19, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data science, David Brooks, deep learning, digital capitalism, Donald Trump, driverless car, Elon Musk, fiat currency, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, future of work, gentrification, George Floyd, indoor plumbing, informal economy, Jane Jacobs, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, Kickstarter, knowledge worker, lockdown, Lyft, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Minecraft, New Urbanism, nuclear winter, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, Peter Thiel, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, remote working, retail therapy, RFID, Richard Florida, ride hailing / ride sharing, Saturday Night Live, Shoshana Zuboff, side hustle, Sidewalk Labs, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, smart cities, social distancing, sovereign wealth fund, Steve Jobs, Superbowl ad, supply-chain management, surveillance capitalism, tech worker, technological singularity, technoutopianism, TED Talk, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, TikTok, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, unemployed young men, urban planning, walkable city, Y2K, zero-sum game

In New York City a decade ago, an imaginative and bold transportation commissioner named Janette Sadik-Khan used inexpensive outdoor furniture, large planters, and colored road paint to insert “tactical urban interventions” in areas like Herald Square and Times Square, reclaiming corners and triangles of pavement at first for walkers and outdoor diners and ultimately whole intersections and blocks for pedestrians. New York City created hundreds of miles of bike lanes in just a few years, stretching from Midtown Manhattan’s heart as far as Jamaica Bay, in Queens. Bike-sharing systems, first pioneered in the 1960s in Amsterdam, now used smartphones to track and charge users, but they still relied on two wheels, and a whole lot of paint and concrete barriers, to make them appealing to riders. After decades of car-centric foot-dragging, Toronto finally began expanding its small network of bike lanes more aggressively in recent years.

Eastern USA by Lonely Planet

1960s counterculture, active transport: walking or cycling, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Albert Einstein, Apollo 11, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, bike sharing, Bretton Woods, British Empire, car-free, carbon footprint, centre right, Charles Lindbergh, collective bargaining, congestion pricing, Cornelius Vanderbilt, cotton gin, cuban missile crisis, Day of the Dead, desegregation, Donald Trump, East Village, fake news, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Ford Model T, Frank Gehry, gentleman farmer, gentrification, glass ceiling, Guggenheim Bilbao, haute cuisine, Hernando de Soto, illegal immigration, immigration reform, information trail, interchangeable parts, jitney, Ken Thompson, Kickstarter, license plate recognition, machine readable, Mason jar, mass immigration, McMansion, megacity, Menlo Park, Neil Armstrong, new economy, New Urbanism, obamacare, Quicken Loans, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, Saturday Night Live, Silicon Valley, Skype, the built environment, the High Line, the payments system, three-martini lunch, transcontinental railway, union organizing, Upton Sinclair, upwardly mobile, urban decay, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, walkable city, white flight, Works Progress Administration, young professional

Gay cycling enthusiasts should check the website of Fast & Fabulous (www.fastnfab.org), a gay cycling club that organizes long weekend rides. For bike rentals, try Central Park’s Loeb Boathouse or locate a rental shop on the comprehensive website Bike New York (www.bikenewyork.org). The Bloomberg administration is planning its own large-scale bike-sharing program throughout the city. Water Sports This is an island, after all, and as such there are plenty of opportunities for boating and kayaking. The Downtown Boathouse (www.downtownboathouse.org; Pier 40, near Houston St; 9am-6pm Sat & Sun May 15-Oct 15) offers free 20-minute kayaking (including equipment) in the protected embayment of the Hudson River.

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Taxi Taxis are plentiful; expect to pay between $10 and $25 between two points within the city limits. Flag taxis on the street, find them at major hotels or call Metro Cab ( 617-242-8000) or Independent ( 617-426-8700). GRAB A BIKE In the summer of 2011 Boston launched Hubway (www.thehubway.com), a new bike sharing program with 600 bicycles stationed at 60 kiosks throughout the city. The program is expected to grow tenfold in the next couple of years. The good: it’s cheap and convenient – $5 unlocks a bike for you to use all day; you can pick it up at one kiosk and drop it back at another. The bad: roads are narrow, bike lanes few and Boston traffic aggressive.

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Thompson Boat Center BOAT RENTAL ( 202-333-9543; www.thompsonboatcenter.com; cnr Virginia Ave & Rock Creek Pkwy NW; 8am-5pm) At the Potomac River end of Rock Creek Park, it rents canoes (per hour $12), kayaks (per hour single/double $10/17) and bikes (per hour/day $7/28). Big Wheel Bikes BICYCLE RENTAL ( 202-337-0254; www.bigwheelbikes.com; 1034 33rd St NW; per hr/day $7/35; 11am-7pm Tue-Fri, 10am-6pm Sat & Sun) A good bike-rental outfitter. Capitol Bikeshare BICYCLE RENTAL ( 877-430-2453; www.capitolbikeshare.com) Modeled on bike-sharing schemes in Europe, Capitol Bikeshare has a network of 1000-plus bicycles scattered at 100-odd stations around DC. To check out a bike, select the membership (24 hours is $5, five days is $15), insert credit card, and off you go. The first 30 minutes are free; after that, rates rise exponentially ($1.50/3/6 per extra 30/60/90 minutes).

Data and the City by Rob Kitchin,Tracey P. Lauriault,Gavin McArdle

A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, algorithmic management, bike sharing, bitcoin, blockchain, Bretton Woods, Chelsea Manning, citizen journalism, Claude Shannon: information theory, clean water, cloud computing, complexity theory, conceptual framework, corporate governance, correlation does not imply causation, create, read, update, delete, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data science, dematerialisation, digital divide, digital map, digital rights, distributed ledger, Evgeny Morozov, fault tolerance, fiat currency, Filter Bubble, floating exchange rates, folksonomy, functional programming, global value chain, Google Earth, Hacker News, hive mind, information security, Internet of things, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, Lewis Mumford, lifelogging, linked data, loose coupling, machine readable, new economy, New Urbanism, Nicholas Carr, nowcasting, open economy, openstreetmap, OSI model, packet switching, pattern recognition, performance metric, place-making, power law, quantum entanglement, RAND corporation, RFID, Richard Florida, ride hailing / ride sharing, semantic web, sentiment analysis, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia, smart contracts, smart grid, smart meter, social graph, software studies, statistical model, tacit knowledge, TaskRabbit, technological determinism, technological solutionism, text mining, The Chicago School, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the long tail, the market place, the medium is the message, the scientific method, Toyota Production System, urban planning, urban sprawl, web application

Similarly, access to data within public–private partnerships and semistate agencies, or state agencies operating as trading funds (such as the Met Office and Ordnance Survey in the UK who generate significant operating costs by selling data and services), can be restricted or costly to purchase. Consequently, key framework datasets (e.g. detailed maps) can have limited access and data concerning transportation (e.g. bus, rail, bike share schemes, private tolls), energy and water be entirely black-boxed. Even within the public sector, data can be siloed within particular departments and not be shared with other units within the organization, or be open for other institutions or the public to use. As such, whilst there might be a data revolution underway, access to much of that data is limited, and there are a number of issues that need to be explored with respect to data ownership and data control, especially with respect to procurement and the outsourcing or privatization of city services.

Frenemies: The Epic Disruption of the Ad Business by Ken Auletta

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Airbnb, Alvin Toffler, AOL-Time Warner, barriers to entry, Bernie Sanders, bike sharing, Boris Johnson, Build a better mousetrap, Burning Man, call centre, Cambridge Analytica, capitalist realism, carbon footprint, cloud computing, commoditize, connected car, content marketing, corporate raider, crossover SUV, data science, digital rights, disintermediation, Donald Trump, driverless car, Elon Musk, fake news, financial engineering, forensic accounting, Future Shock, Google Glasses, Internet of things, Jeff Bezos, Kevin Roose, Khan Academy, Lyft, Mark Zuckerberg, market design, Mary Meeker, Max Levchin, Menlo Park, move fast and break things, Naomi Klein, NetJets, Network effects, pattern recognition, pets.com, race to the bottom, Richard Feynman, ride hailing / ride sharing, Salesforce, Saturday Night Live, self-driving car, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, surveillance capitalism, Susan Wojcicki, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, three-martini lunch, Tim Cook: Apple, transaction costs, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, Upton Sinclair, éminence grise

When Fearless Girl won three Grand Prix awards on the first day of the 2017 Cannes Lions Festival, jury president Wendy Clark announced that the SHE fund was up 374 percent since Fearless Girl struck her pose on a Wall Street sidewalk.* Another compelling example of a fresh form of advertising and marketing is Citi Bike, New York City’s bike-sharing program. Launched in May 2013 by Citibank for zero tax dollars and at a cost to the bank of $41 million, by the summer of 2017 it had ten thousand bikes in use in fifty-five city neighborhoods. As Andrew Essex observes in his 2017 book, The End of Advertising, Citibank, by choosing not to spend this sum on TV commercials or “squandering that eight-figure investment on useless pollution, built something additive that actually reduces our carbon footprint.”

Italy by Damien Simonis

active transport: walking or cycling, airport security, bike sharing, Bonfire of the Vanities, call centre, car-free, carbon footprint, centre right, clean water, company town, congestion charging, dark pattern, discovery of the americas, Frank Gehry, haute couture, high-speed rail, illegal immigration, Kickstarter, Kinder Surprise, large denomination, low cost airline, Murano, Venice glass, pension reform, period drama, Peter Eisenman, Pier Paolo Pasolini, retail therapy, Skype, spice trade, starchitect, sustainable-tourism, trade route, urban planning, urban sprawl, women in the workforce

While sulphur dioxide levels have been reduced in recent years, primarily by substituting natural gas for coal, much of the smog and poor air quality can be attributed to the fact that Italy has one of the highest per-capita levels of car ownership in the world. In an attempt to tackle this car-dependency, municipal authorities have introduced a series of initiatives. In January 2008, Milan introduced Italy’s first congestion charge, while several cities including Milan and Rome have initiated bike-sharing schemes. On a national level, in 2009 the Italian government committed itself to building four nuclear power plants in an attempt to reduce dependence on oil and gas and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. * * * The official parks website (www.parks.it) offers comprehensive information on Italy’s national and regional parks, marine reserves and designated wetlands, as well as details of local wildlife and educational initiatives

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Archaeologia Card (€23.5, valid seven days) For entrance to the Colosseum, Palatine, Terme di Caracalla, Palazzo Altemps, Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Terme di Diocleziano, Crypta Balbi, Mausoleo di Cecilia Metella and Villa Quintili. Roma Pass (www.romapass.it, €23, valid three days) Includes free admission to two museums or sites (choose from a list of 38) as well as reduced entry to extra sites, unlimited public transport within Rome, access to the bike-sharing scheme and reduced price entry to other exhibitions and events. If you use this for more-expensive sights such as the Capitoline Museums and the Colosseum you’ll save a considerable amount of money. You can buy the cards at any of the monuments or museums listed (or online at www.pierreci.it) and the Roma Pass is also available at Comune di Roma tourist information points.

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If you’d prefer to cycle, be careful – Romans are not used to seeing bicycles on the roads. It’s worth bearing in mind that traffic is lighter on a Sunday, when much of central Rome is closed to motorised vehicles. For a traffic-free pedal try the pleasant cycle path along the Tiber. The new ATAC bike-sharing scheme ( 06 57003; www.atacbikesharing.com, in Italian) offers 150 bicycles for use at 19 stands across Rome. You can see their locations online, and even check how many bikes are currently available at each stop. To use the bikes you need to register at ATAC ticket offices ( 7am-8pm Mon-Sat, 8am-8pm Sun) at metro stations Lepanto, Spagna or Termini (€5).

The Third Industrial Revolution: How Lateral Power Is Transforming Energy, the Economy, and the World by Jeremy Rifkin

3D printing, additive manufacturing, Albert Einstein, American ideology, An Inconvenient Truth, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, bike sharing, borderless world, carbon footprint, centre right, clean tech, collaborative consumption, collaborative economy, Community Supported Agriculture, corporate governance, decarbonisation, deep learning, distributed generation, electricity market, en.wikipedia.org, energy security, energy transition, Ford Model T, global supply chain, Great Leap Forward, high-speed rail, hydrogen economy, income inequality, industrial cluster, informal economy, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, Isaac Newton, job automation, knowledge economy, manufacturing employment, marginal employment, Martin Wolf, Masdar, megacity, Mikhail Gorbachev, new economy, off grid, off-the-grid, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, open borders, peak oil, Ponzi scheme, post-oil, purchasing power parity, Ray Kurzweil, rewilding, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, scientific management, scientific worldview, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, Skype, smart grid, smart meter, Spread Networks laid a new fibre optics cable between New York and Chicago, supply-chain management, systems thinking, tech billionaire, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, too big to fail, transaction costs, trickle-down economics, urban planning, urban renewal, Yom Kippur War, Zipcar

Many of these automobile fleets are also made of the most energy-efficient vehicles available on the market. I-Go in Chicago even provides an innovative Internet service that allows its members to integrate their trips from point A to point B by connecting multiple modes of transport along the route. A user might begin on commercial rail or bus, switch to a bike share, and pick up a car share for the remaining part of his or her journey. The goal is to minimize automobile miles traveled and, by so doing, significantly reduce each user’s carbon footprint. It is estimated that each car sharing vehicle takes up to twenty cars off the road. Car sharers report that they typically reduce the miles they drive by about 44 percent.

In the City of Bikes: The Story of the Amsterdam Cyclist by Pete Jordan

active transport: walking or cycling, bike sharing, business process, car-free, centre right, fixed-gear, German hyperinflation, Golden Gate Park, Haight Ashbury, post-work, Suez crisis 1956, urban planning

The Depo system hobbled along for a year or so and was no longer even functioning when the city finally pulled the plug on the program’s government subsidy. “It’s a shame that it was met with so much difficulty,” Schimmelpennink would later say. “But, on the other hand, it’s nice that in other cities it appears to work.” Since the demise of the Depo system, a great many bike-share programs in hundreds of cities worldwide—Paris, Montreal, Taipei, Barcelona, Melbourne, Buenos Aires, London, Washington, D.C., Munich, for example—have, indeed, succeeded. IN 2010—42 YEARS after having stepped down from office and just days shy of his 75th birthday—Schimmelpennink again won a seat on the city council, this time as a member of the Labor Party.

Lonely Planet Best of Spain by Lonely Planet

augmented reality, bike sharing, centre right, discovery of the americas, flag carrier, Frank Gehry, G4S, Guggenheim Bilbao, haute cuisine, high-speed rail, illegal immigration, market design, place-making, retail therapy, trade route, young professional

Slower trains head to Cádiz (€16, 1¾ hours, 15 daily), Huelva (€12, 1½ hours, three daily), Granada (€30, three hours, four daily) and Málaga (€44, two hours, 11 daily). 8 GETTING AROUND Seville offers a multitude of ways to get around, though walking still has to be the best option, especially in the centre. The Sevici (%902 011032; www.sevici.es) bike-sharing scheme has made cycling easy and bike lanes are now almost as ubiquitous as pavements. The tram has recently been extended to the station of San Bernardo but its routes are still limited. Buses are more useful than the metro to link the main tourist sights. The recent ‘greening’ of the city has made driving increasingly difficult as whole roads in the city centre are now permanently closed to traffic; park on the periphery.

What Would the Great Economists Do?: How Twelve Brilliant Minds Would Solve Today's Biggest Problems by Linda Yueh

3D printing, additive manufacturing, Asian financial crisis, augmented reality, bank run, banking crisis, basic income, Bear Stearns, Ben Bernanke: helicopter money, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, bike sharing, bitcoin, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, BRICs, business cycle, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, clean water, collective bargaining, computer age, Corn Laws, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, cryptocurrency, currency peg, dark matter, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, debt deflation, declining real wages, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, Doha Development Round, Donald Trump, endogenous growth, everywhere but in the productivity statistics, export processing zone, Fall of the Berlin Wall, fear of failure, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial innovation, Financial Instability Hypothesis, fixed income, forward guidance, full employment, general purpose technology, Gini coefficient, Glass-Steagall Act, global supply chain, Great Leap Forward, Gunnar Myrdal, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, index card, indoor plumbing, industrial robot, information asymmetry, intangible asset, invisible hand, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, laissez-faire capitalism, land reform, lateral thinking, life extension, low interest rates, low-wage service sector, manufacturing employment, market bubble, means of production, middle-income trap, mittelstand, Money creation, Mont Pelerin Society, moral hazard, mortgage debt, negative equity, Nelson Mandela, non-tariff barriers, Northern Rock, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, open economy, paradox of thrift, Paul Samuelson, price mechanism, price stability, Productivity paradox, purchasing power parity, quantitative easing, RAND corporation, rent control, rent-seeking, reserve currency, reshoring, road to serfdom, Robert Shiller, Robert Solow, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, school vouchers, secular stagnation, Shenzhen was a fishing village, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, special economic zone, Steve Jobs, technological determinism, The Chicago School, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, too big to fail, total factor productivity, trade liberalization, universal basic income, unorthodox policies, Washington Consensus, We are the 99%, women in the workforce, working-age population

So, prosperity is linked to globalization, particularly in the past few decades with the establishment in 1995 of the World Trade Organization (WTO), which has opened global markets. Globalization has linked all of us via the transmission of not just resources but also ideas from around the world. The concept of a bike-sharing programme in London can be picked up quickly around the world and become deployed by an app in Beijing, for instance. But, trade expansion is stalling and the multilateral system is becoming fragmented into an emerging system of regional and bilateral free trade agreements. Moreover, trade deals face voter backlash over the uneven benefits from globalization.

The Great Economists: How Their Ideas Can Help Us Today by Linda Yueh

3D printing, additive manufacturing, Asian financial crisis, augmented reality, bank run, banking crisis, basic income, Bear Stearns, Ben Bernanke: helicopter money, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, bike sharing, bitcoin, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, BRICs, business cycle, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, clean water, collective bargaining, computer age, Corn Laws, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, cryptocurrency, currency peg, dark matter, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, debt deflation, declining real wages, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, Doha Development Round, Donald Trump, endogenous growth, everywhere but in the productivity statistics, export processing zone, Fall of the Berlin Wall, fear of failure, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial innovation, Financial Instability Hypothesis, fixed income, forward guidance, full employment, general purpose technology, Gini coefficient, Glass-Steagall Act, global supply chain, Great Leap Forward, Gunnar Myrdal, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, index card, indoor plumbing, industrial robot, information asymmetry, intangible asset, invisible hand, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, laissez-faire capitalism, land reform, lateral thinking, life extension, low interest rates, manufacturing employment, market bubble, means of production, middle-income trap, mittelstand, Money creation, Mont Pelerin Society, moral hazard, mortgage debt, negative equity, Nelson Mandela, non-tariff barriers, Northern Rock, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, open economy, paradox of thrift, Paul Samuelson, price mechanism, price stability, Productivity paradox, purchasing power parity, quantitative easing, RAND corporation, rent control, rent-seeking, reserve currency, reshoring, road to serfdom, Robert Shiller, Robert Solow, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, school vouchers, secular stagnation, Shenzhen was a fishing village, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, special economic zone, Steve Jobs, technological determinism, The Chicago School, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, too big to fail, total factor productivity, trade liberalization, universal basic income, unorthodox policies, Washington Consensus, We are the 99%, women in the workforce, working-age population

So, prosperity is linked to globalization, particularly in the past few decades with the establishment in 1995 of the World Trade Organization (WTO), which has opened global markets. Globalization has linked all of us via the transmission of not just resources but also ideas from around the world. The concept of a bike-sharing programme in London can be picked up quickly around the world and become deployed by an app in Beijing, for instance. But, trade expansion is stalling and the multilateral system is becoming fragmented into an emerging system of regional and bilateral free trade agreements. Moreover, trade deals face voter backlash over the uneven benefits from globalization.

The Great Firewall of China by James Griffiths;

A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Albert Einstein, anti-communist, bike sharing, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, borderless world, call centre, Cambridge Analytica, Chelsea Manning, Citizen Lab, Deng Xiaoping, digital divide, digital rights, disinformation, don't be evil, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, end-to-end encryption, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, gig economy, Great Leap Forward, high-speed rail, jimmy wales, John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow, Mark Zuckerberg, megacity, megaproject, microaggression, Mikhail Gorbachev, Mitch Kapor, mobile money, Occupy movement, pets.com, profit motive, QR code, race to the bottom, RAND corporation, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, Snapchat, South China Sea, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, Stuxnet, technoutopianism, The future is already here, undersea cable, WikiLeaks, zero day

An extreme version of a credit score, China’s social credit system uses a variety of data, gleaned from apps including WeChat and Alibaba’s Alipay, to build a trustworthiness profile of the user, and this affects how likely that person is to receive a loan or be able to rent a car or even use a bike-sharing service.11 The system derives from a plan announced by the State Council in 2014 to establish a nationwide tracking and credit system, combining financial and other data with people’s fingerprints and biometrics. In the words of journalist Mara Hvistendahl: For the Chinese Communist Party, social credit is an attempt at a softer, more invisible authoritarianism.

Doing Data Science: Straight Talk From the Frontline by Cathy O'Neil, Rachel Schutt

Amazon Mechanical Turk, augmented reality, Augustin-Louis Cauchy, barriers to entry, Bayesian statistics, bike sharing, bioinformatics, computer vision, confounding variable, correlation does not imply causation, crowdsourcing, data science, distributed generation, Dunning–Kruger effect, Edward Snowden, Emanuel Derman, fault tolerance, Filter Bubble, finite state, Firefox, game design, Google Glasses, index card, information retrieval, iterative process, John Harrison: Longitude, Khan Academy, Kickstarter, machine translation, Mars Rover, Nate Silver, natural language processing, Netflix Prize, p-value, pattern recognition, performance metric, personalized medicine, pull request, recommendation engine, rent-seeking, selection bias, Silicon Valley, speech recognition, statistical model, stochastic process, tacit knowledge, text mining, the scientific method, The Wisdom of Crowds, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, X Prize

Data Visualization Exercise The students in the course, like you readers, had a wide variety of backgrounds and levels with respect to data visualization, so Rachel suggested those who felt like beginners go pick out two of Nathan Yau’s tutorials and do them, and then reflect on whether it helped or not and what they wanted to do next to improve their visualization skills. More advanced students in the class were given the option to participate in the Hubway Data Visualization challenge. Hubway is Boston’s bike-sharing program, and they released a dataset and held a competition to visualize it. The dataset is still available, so why not give it a try? Two students in Rachel’s class, Eurry Kim and Kaz Sakamoto, won “best data narrative” in the competition; Rachel is very proud of them. Viewed through the lenses of a romantic relationship, their visual diary (shown in Figure 9-17) displays an inventory of their Boston residents’ first 500,000 trips together.

Brazillionaires: The Godfathers of Modern Brazil by Alex Cuadros

"World Economic Forum" Davos, affirmative action, Asian financial crisis, benefit corporation, big-box store, bike sharing, BRICs, buy the rumour, sell the news, cognitive dissonance, creative destruction, crony capitalism, Deng Xiaoping, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, facts on the ground, family office, financial engineering, high net worth, index fund, invisible hand, Jeff Bezos, Mark Zuckerberg, megaproject, NetJets, offshore financial centre, profit motive, prosperity theology / prosperity gospel / gospel of success, rent-seeking, risk/return, Rubik’s Cube, savings glut, short selling, Silicon Valley, sovereign wealth fund, stem cell, stock buybacks, tech billionaire, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, too big to fail, transatlantic slave trade, We are the 99%, William Langewiesche

“Lots of people cried from the emotion of it all,” she said. “I cried.” As far as she could see, though, the government had failed to deliver its utopia. Money meant to integrate favelas with the rest of the city dried up while projects for the 2016 Olympics plowed ahead. Ipanema and Copacabana got a fancy bike-share system even as pacification police found themselves overextended, backsliding into their old role fighting bandidos. Daiene introduced me to the owner of a clothing shop that sold T-shirts reading FAVELA: FAÇO PARTE DELA, “Favela: I’m a part of it.” Sales had surged after the UPPs came, as kids with money from the beachy south side felt safe enough to visit for the first time ever.

Lonely Planet Amsterdam by Lonely Planet

3D printing, Airbnb, bike sharing, David Sedaris, gentrification, haute couture, haute cuisine, post-work, QR code, Silicon Valley, trade route, tulip mania, young professional

MacBike ( GOOGLE MAP ; %020-620 09 85; www.macbike.nl; De Ruijterkade 34b; bike rental per 3/24hr from €11/14.75; h9am-5.45pm; j1/2/4/5/9/13/16/17/24 Centraal Station) Among the most touristy of companies (bikes are bright red, with logos), but has a convenient location at Centraal Station, plus others at Waterlooplein and Leidseplein. Big assortment of bikes available. Bike Sharing & Apps Donkey Republic (www.donkey.bike) Unlock/lock a bike via Bluetooth. Rates per 24 hour are €12. You'll need to return the bike to the same location, or pay €20 extra. FlickBike (www.flickbike.nl) Locate bikes around town via this app; rental per 30 minutes costs €1. Scan the QR code to unlock/lock the bike.

Build: An Unorthodox Guide to Making Things Worth Making by Tony Fadell

air gap, Amazon Web Services, Andy Rubin, augmented reality, Ben Horowitz, Big Tech, bike sharing, Bill Atkinson, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, cloud computing, do what you love, Elon Musk, fail fast, follow your passion, General Magic , Google Glasses, Google X / Alphabet X, Googley, hiring and firing, HyperCard, imposter syndrome, Jeff Bezos, John Markoff, Jony Ive, Kanban, Kickstarter, Mary Meeker, microplastics / micro fibres, new economy, pets.com, QR code, QWERTY keyboard, rolodex, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, stem cell, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, synthetic biology, TED Talk, TikTok, Tim Cook: Apple, Tony Fadell, Y Combinator

It relies on a swift dive across the chasm and then a long, meandering doggy paddle to profitability through a huge pool of capital. That can doom a company just as fatally as falling into the chasm on the first step. A few years ago the major cities of the world were flooded with scooter- and bike-sharing companies. All at once it seemed like they were everywhere. And that was the approach—these companies wanted to get as much market share as they could in order to acquire customers. They had enough capital that they just bought up whatever bikes they could and expanded and expanded and expanded.

Retrofitting Suburbia, Updated Edition: Urban Design Solutions for Redesigning Suburbs by Ellen Dunham-Jones, June Williamson

accelerated depreciation, banking crisis, big-box store, bike sharing, call centre, carbon footprint, Donald Shoup, edge city, gentrification, global village, index fund, iterative process, Jane Jacobs, knowledge worker, land bank, Lewis Mumford, McMansion, megaproject, megastructure, Network effects, new economy, New Urbanism, off-the-grid, peak oil, Peter Calthorpe, place-making, postindustrial economy, Ray Oldenburg, Richard Florida, ride hailing / ride sharing, Savings and loan crisis, Seaside, Florida, Silicon Valley, skinny streets, streetcar suburb, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Great Good Place, transit-oriented development, upwardly mobile, urban decay, urban renewal, urban sprawl, vertical integration, Victor Gruen, white flight, working poor, young professional, zero-sum game

The most successful and sustainable retrofits will be beautiful, durable, culturally significant, and built to meet high standards of environmental performance both in the public spaces and the buildings. Some of the newest innovations in suburban retrofitting that we are most enthusiastic about are:• Movements to support biking as well as bike sharing and car sharing • Interest in suburban agriculture both in private yards and collective specialized farms • “Greyfield” property audits, sometimes including inventorying existing assets’ potential contributions to district energy, waste, and water systems • Reinvigorated discourse about public space and ecology in suburbs • Lifelong Communities and other efforts to better accommodate older suburbanites • Temporary, but high impact, re-inhabitations like pop-up cities, Park(ing) Day, and Build A Better Block • The Red Fields to Green Fields initiative • The Federal HUD-DOT-EPA Partnership for Sustainable Communities We hope that you, our readers, will be inspired to constructively engage in the effort to respond to the “crisis of imagination” in suburban form and to take an active part in shaping what we continue to believe will be THE big design and development project for this century: creatively retrofitting—though re-inhabitation, redevelopment, and regreening—both the products and the mechanisms of sprawl.

It's Not TV: The Spectacular Rise, Revolution, and Future of HBO by Felix Gillette, John Koblin

activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Airbnb, Amazon Web Services, AOL-Time Warner, Apollo 13, Big Tech, bike sharing, Black Lives Matter, Burning Man, business cycle, call centre, cloud computing, coronavirus, corporate governance, COVID-19, data science, disruptive innovation, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, Erlich Bachman, Exxon Valdez, fake news, George Floyd, Jeff Bezos, Keith Raniere, lockdown, Menlo Park, multilevel marketing, Nelson Mandela, Netflix Prize, out of africa, payday loans, peak TV, period drama, recommendation engine, Richard Hendricks, ride hailing / ride sharing, risk tolerance, Robert Durst, Ronald Reagan, Saturday Night Live, self-driving car, shareholder value, Sheryl Sandberg, side hustle, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, subscription business, tech billionaire, TechCrunch disrupt, TikTok, Tim Cook: Apple, traveling salesman, unpaid internship, upwardly mobile, urban decay, WeWork

“We are very patient for a very impatient medium.” * * * • • • ON MARCH 12, 2012, Girls debuted at the South by Southwest festival in Austin, Texas—the first time the gathering of media and film insiders had been used to launch a new TV series. For the occasion, HBO sponsored a free bike share and organized a Girls-branded scavenger hunt, directing followers around town via clues on Twitter to collect free tacos and beer. On a warm Monday afternoon, the young cast of Girls strolled down a red carpet leading into Austin’s Paramount Theater. Inside, the network played the first three episodes.

USA Travel Guide by Lonely, Planet

1960s counterculture, active transport: walking or cycling, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Albert Einstein, Apollo 11, Apollo 13, Asilomar, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, big-box store, bike sharing, Biosphere 2, Bretton Woods, British Empire, Burning Man, California gold rush, call centre, car-free, carbon footprint, centre right, Charles Lindbergh, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, congestion pricing, Cornelius Vanderbilt, cotton gin, cuban missile crisis, Day of the Dead, desegregation, Donald Trump, Donner party, Dr. Strangelove, East Village, edge city, El Camino Real, fake news, Fall of the Berlin Wall, feminist movement, Ford Model T, Frank Gehry, gentleman farmer, gentrification, glass ceiling, global village, Golden Gate Park, Guggenheim Bilbao, Haight Ashbury, haute couture, haute cuisine, Hernando de Soto, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, immigration reform, information trail, interchangeable parts, intermodal, jitney, Ken Thompson, Kickstarter, license plate recognition, machine readable, Mars Rover, Mason jar, mass immigration, Maui Hawaii, McMansion, Menlo Park, military-industrial complex, Monroe Doctrine, Neil Armstrong, new economy, New Urbanism, obamacare, off grid, off-the-grid, Quicken Loans, Ralph Nader, Ralph Waldo Emerson, retail therapy, RFID, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, Saturday Night Live, Silicon Valley, South of Market, San Francisco, starchitect, stealth mode startup, stem cell, supervolcano, the built environment, The Chicago School, the High Line, the payments system, three-martini lunch, trade route, transcontinental railway, union organizing, Upton Sinclair, upwardly mobile, urban decay, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, Virgin Galactic, walkable city, white flight, working poor, Works Progress Administration, young professional, Zipcar

ART-LOVING BOSTON 3 Boston’s Museum of Fine Arts (Click here) opened a spectacular new multimillion-dollar Art of the Americas wing with over 50 galleries of American art, covering everything from pre-Columbian to contemporary American works. BIKE-FRIENDLY NATION 4 Cities across the country have added adding hundreds of miles of bike lanes. Boston and DC even have bike-sharing programs, making it easy to go for a pedal. NAPA IS NOW 5 Downtown Napa (Click here) is popping, with enticing new restaurants and the now fully functioning Oxbow Market, with artisinal bakers, cheesemongers, and yet more sustainable restaurants. A MOVEABLE FEAST 6 Denver’s latest trend is its underground dining, held in random locations like plane hangars, fields and warehouses with top chefs and theme menus (see www.hushdenver.com).

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Gay cycling enthusiasts should check the website of Fast & Fabulous (www.fastnfab.org) , a gay cycling club that organizes long weekend rides. For bike rentals, try Central Park’s Loeb Boathouse Offline map Google map or locate a rental shop on the comprehensive website Bike New York (www.bikenewyork.org) . The Bloomberg administration is planning its own large-scale bike-sharing program throughout the city. Water Sports This is an island, after all, and as such there are plenty of opportunities for boating and kayaking. The Downtown Boathouse Offline map Google map ( www.downtownboathouse.org; Pier 40, near Houston St; 9am-6pm Sat & Sun May 15-Oct 15) offers free 20-minute kayaking (including equipment) in the protected embayment of the Hudson River.

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Taxi Taxis are plentiful; expect to pay between $10 and $25 between two points within the city limits. Flag taxis on the street, find them at major hotels or call Metro Cab ( 617-242-8000) or Independent ( 617-426-8700) . GRAB A BIKE In the summer of 2011 Boston launched Hubway (www.thehubway.com) , a new bike sharing program with 600 bicycles stationed at 60 kiosks throughout the city. The program is expected to grow tenfold in the next couple of years. The good: it’s cheap and convenient – $5 unlocks a bike for you to use all day; you can pick it up at one kiosk and drop it back at another. The bad: roads are narrow, bike lanes few and Boston traffic aggressive.

The Rough Guide to Barcelona 8 by Jules Brown, Rough Guides

active transport: walking or cycling, bike sharing, centre right, Frank Gehry, gentrification, glass ceiling, Guggenheim Bilbao, haute couture, Kickstarter, sustainable-tourism, trade route, urban planning, urban renewal

Esport Ciclista Barcelona Wwww.ecbarcelona .com. Founded in 1929, the cycle sports club organizes the Escalada a Montjuïc – details available on their website. SPORTS AND OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES Cycling is being heavily promoted by the city authorities as a means of transport. There’s a successful bike-sharing scheme (known as Bicing), while around 160km of cycle paths traverse the city, with plans to double the network in the future. All locals have yet to embrace the bike, and some cycle paths are still ignored by cars or are clogged with pedestrians, indignantly reluctant to give way to two-wheelers.

The Cryptopians: Idealism, Greed, Lies, and the Making of the First Big Cryptocurrency Craze by Laura Shin

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 4chan, Airbnb, altcoin, bike sharing, bitcoin, blockchain, Burning Man, cloud computing, complexity theory, Credit Default Swap, cryptocurrency, DevOps, digital nomad, distributed ledger, Dogecoin, Donald Trump, Dutch auction, Edward Snowden, emotional labour, en.wikipedia.org, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, fake news, family office, fiat currency, financial independence, Firefox, general-purpose programming language, gravity well, hacker house, Hacker News, holacracy, independent contractor, initial coin offering, Internet of things, invisible hand, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Julian Assange, Kickstarter, litecoin, low interest rates, Mark Zuckerberg, minimum viable product, off-the-grid, performance metric, Potemkin village, prediction markets, QR code, ride hailing / ride sharing, risk tolerance, risk/return, Satoshi Nakamoto, sharing economy, side project, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart contracts, social distancing, software as a service, Steve Jobs, Turing complete, Vitalik Buterin, Wayback Machine, WikiLeaks

At one point, when he was in Los Angeles doing Thai massage, Litecoin went from $2 to $40, netting him $17,000. That was a year of living expenses! During a short-lived stint trying to become “the Bitcoin guy for Ecuador,” he completed a master’s in digital currency from the University of Nicosia and wrote his thesis on a bike-sharing economy that functioned via decentralized autonomous corporations. The motivation? He wanted to contribute to a world in which he could backpack around but wear nice shoes to a wedding without owning a pair. After hearing about Slock.it, he emailed the company multiple times with his paper, a video of himself, and an offer to work for free.

The Power Law: Venture Capital and the Making of the New Future by Sebastian Mallaby

"Susan Fowler" uber, 23andMe, 90 percent rule, Adam Neumann (WeWork), adjacent possible, Airbnb, Apple II, barriers to entry, Ben Horowitz, Benchmark Capital, Big Tech, bike sharing, Black Lives Matter, Blitzscaling, Bob Noyce, book value, business process, charter city, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, Clayton Christensen, clean tech, cloud computing, cognitive bias, collapse of Lehman Brothers, Colonization of Mars, computer vision, coronavirus, corporate governance, COVID-19, cryptocurrency, deal flow, Didi Chuxing, digital map, discounted cash flows, disruptive innovation, Donald Trump, Douglas Engelbart, driverless car, Dutch auction, Dynabook, Elon Musk, Fairchild Semiconductor, fake news, family office, financial engineering, future of work, game design, George Gilder, Greyball, guns versus butter model, Hacker Ethic, Henry Singleton, hiring and firing, Hyperloop, income inequality, industrial cluster, intangible asset, iterative process, Jeff Bezos, John Markoff, junk bonds, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, lateral thinking, liberal capitalism, Louis Pasteur, low interest rates, Lyft, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, market bubble, Marshall McLuhan, Mary Meeker, Masayoshi Son, Max Levchin, Metcalfe’s law, Michael Milken, microdosing, military-industrial complex, Mitch Kapor, mortgage debt, move fast and break things, Network effects, oil shock, PalmPilot, pattern recognition, Paul Graham, paypal mafia, Peter Thiel, plant based meat, plutocrats, power law, pre–internet, price mechanism, price stability, proprietary trading, prudent man rule, quantitative easing, radical decentralization, Recombinant DNA, remote working, ride hailing / ride sharing, risk tolerance, risk/return, Robert Metcalfe, ROLM, rolodex, Ronald Coase, Salesforce, Sam Altman, Sand Hill Road, self-driving car, shareholder value, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, smart grid, SoftBank, software is eating the world, sovereign wealth fund, Startup school, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, super pumped, superconnector, survivorship bias, tech worker, Teledyne, the long tail, the new new thing, the strength of weak ties, TikTok, Travis Kalanick, two and twenty, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, urban decay, UUNET, vertical integration, Vilfredo Pareto, Vision Fund, wealth creators, WeWork, William Shockley: the traitorous eight, Y Combinator, Zenefits

Its regular fans included Ben Horowitz, co-founder of a16z, and Ron Conway, the super-angel who had backed Google. And this fusing of sports and technology finance operated in two ways: the venture capitalists rooted for the Warriors, and the Warriors became venture capitalists. Kevin Durant, the team’s star forward, assembled a portfolio of some forty startups, ranging from the bike-sharing enterprise LimeBike to the food-delivery app Postmates. Andre Iguodala, the six-foot-six defensive specialist, built a similar empire, while a retired Warrior, David Lee, was recruited by a VC partnership. Steph Curry, the Golden State’s transcendent talent, owned a piece of the picture-sharing app Pinterest.

The Rough Guide to Brussels 4 (Rough Guide Travel Guides) by Dunford, Martin.; Lee, Phil; Summer, Suzy.; Dal Molin, Loik

Berlin Wall, bike sharing, British Empire, car-free, Fall of the Berlin Wall, gentrification, glass ceiling, low cost airline, Peace of Westphalia, sustainable-tourism, trade route, urban planning

Lonely Planet China (Travel Guide) by Lonely Planet, Shawn Low

Albert Einstein, anti-communist, bike sharing, birth tourism , carbon footprint, clean water, colonial rule, country house hotel, credit crunch, Deng Xiaoping, G4S, gentrification, Great Leap Forward, haute couture, haute cuisine, high-speed rail, income inequality, indoor plumbing, Japanese asset price bubble, Kickstarter, land reform, mass immigration, off-the-grid, Pearl River Delta, place-making, Rubik’s Cube, Shenzhen special economic zone , Skype, South China Sea, special economic zone, sustainable-tourism, trade route, upwardly mobile, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, women in the workforce, Xiaogang Anhui farmers, young professional

At the time of writing it was expected that sometime after 2015 the subway will extend here via the Summer Palace and Botanic Gardens. 2Activities Cycling Beijing is flat as a pancake and almost every road has a dedicated cycle lane, meaning cycling is easily the best way to see the city; it’s especially fun to explore hutong areas by bike. Most hostels rent bikes. There are also bike rental depots around the Houhai Lakes. Look out too for the city's bike-sharing scheme. Details of how to use it can be found on the very useful, independently created website www.beijingbikeshare.com. Essentially, you need to take your passport, a ¥400 deposit and an ordinary Beijing travel card (with at least ¥30 credit on it) to one of five bike-share kiosks (open 9.30 to 11.30am and 1.30pm to 4pm, Monday to Friday) in order to register. The two most handy kiosks are by Exit A of Dongzhimen subway station and by Exit A2 of Tiantandongmen subway station.

Lonely Planet France by Lonely Planet Publications

banking crisis, bike sharing, British Empire, car-free, carbon footprint, centre right, Charles Lindbergh, Columbine, David Sedaris, double helix, Frank Gehry, G4S, gentrification, glass ceiling, haute couture, haute cuisine, Henri Poincaré, Herbert Marcuse, high-speed rail, Honoré de Balzac, illegal immigration, Jacquard loom, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, Kickstarter, Louis Blériot, Louis Pasteur, low cost airline, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, Murano, Venice glass, ride hailing / ride sharing, sensible shoes, Silicon Valley, Suez canal 1869, supervolcano, three-masted sailing ship, trade route, urban renewal, urban sprawl, V2 rocket

AÉROPORT PARIS-BEAUVAIS Navette Officielle (Official Shuttle Bus; 08 92 68 20 64, airport 08 92 68 20 66; adult €15) The Beauvais shuttle links the airport with the metro station Porte de Maillot in western Paris. See the airport website for details. Bicycle The Vélib’ Offline map Google map ( www.velib.paris.fr) bike-share scheme has revolutionised how Parisians get around. There are some 1800 stations throughout the city, each with anywhere from 20 to 70 bike stands. The bikes are accessible around the clock. To get a bike, you first need to purchase a daily/weekly subscription (€1.70/8). There are two ways to do this: either at the terminals (which require a credit card with an embedded smartchip) at docking stations or online.

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Freescoot Offline map Google map ( 01 44 07 06 72; www.scooter-rental-paris.com; 63 quai de la Tournelle; bike/tandem half-day €10/22, day €15/32; 9am-1pm & 2-7pm Mon-Sat year-round, plus Sun mid-Apr–mid-Sep; Maubert-Mutualité) also rents scooters; no license is required for smaller scooters. AUTOLIB’ In December 2011 Paris launched the world’s first electric-car-share programme, Autolib’ (www.autolib.eu) . The premise is quite similar to Vélib’ (the bike-share scheme): you pay a subscription (day/week €10/15) and then rent a GPS-equipped car in 30-minute intervals and drop it off at one of the 1000 available stations when you’re done. Unfortunately, it’s really only good for short hops, because renting a car overnight would be exorbitant – the rates are €7 for the 1st half hour, €6 for the 2nd half-hour and €8 for subsequent intervals.

Coastal California by Lonely Planet

1960s counterculture, airport security, Albert Einstein, Asilomar, back-to-the-land, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Berlin Wall, bike sharing, Blue Bottle Coffee, buy and hold, California gold rush, call centre, car-free, carbon footprint, centre right, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, company town, Day of the Dead, Donner party, East Village, El Camino Real, Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, electricity market, Frank Gehry, gentrification, global village, Golden Gate Park, Haight Ashbury, haute cuisine, illegal immigration, Joan Didion, Khyber Pass, Kickstarter, Loma Prieta earthquake, low cost airline, machine readable, Mason jar, McMansion, military-industrial complex, Neil Armstrong, Northpointe / Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions, off-the-grid, rolling blackouts, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, South of Market, San Francisco, stealth mode startup, Steve Wozniak, trade route, transcontinental railway, Upton Sinclair, urban sprawl, white picket fence, women in the workforce, working poor, Works Progress Administration, young professional, Zipcar

Maps & Online Resources Local bike shops can supply you with more cycling route ideas, maps and advice. »For online forums and reviews of mountain-biking trails throughout California, search DirtWorld.com (http://dirtworld.com) and MTBR.com (www.mtbr.com). » Adventure Cycling Association (www.adventurecycling.org) sells long-distance cycling route guides and touring maps, including the Pacific Coast Highway (PCH). » California Bicycle Coalition (www.calbike.org) links to free online cycling maps, bike-sharing programs and community bike shops. » California Association of Bicycling Organizations (www.cabobike.org) offers free bicycle touring and freeway access information online. »Find bicycle specialty shops, local cycling clubs, group rides and other special events with the League of American Bicyclists (www.bikeleague.org).

Hawaii Travel Guide by Lonely Planet

Airbnb, back-to-the-land, big-box store, bike sharing, British Empire, California gold rush, call centre, car-free, carbon footprint, Charles Lindbergh, company town, Easter island, Food sovereignty, haute cuisine, high-speed rail, James Watt: steam engine, Kula ring, land reform, Larry Ellison, machine readable, Maui Hawaii, off-the-grid, Peter Pan Syndrome, polynesian navigation, Silicon Valley, tech billionaire

Alternative Transportation Avoid driving if you can walk, cycle or take public transportation. Public buses run limited, mostly commuter-focused routes on Maui, Kauaʻi, the Big Island and Molokaʻi. On Oʻahu, bus routes are more comprehensive, frequently running to many of the same places that visitors want to go. Look for a new bike-sharing program, Bikeshare Hawaii (www.bikesharehawaii.org), to be operational in Honolulu as soon as 2016. If you need to rent your own wheels during your trip, try to choose the most fuel-efficient vehicle. Book in advance for hybrid or biofueled cars, now offered by some major international car-rental agencies as well as local independent businesses that maintain small fleets of Toyota Priuses, biodiesel VW Beetles, Smart cars etc.

The Rough Guide to England by Rough Guides

active transport: walking or cycling, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, Apollo 11, bike sharing, Bletchley Park, Bob Geldof, Boris Johnson, Brexit referendum, British Empire, car-free, Columbine, company town, congestion charging, Corn Laws, country house hotel, Crossrail, deindustrialization, Downton Abbey, Edmond Halley, Etonian, food miles, gentrification, Great Leap Forward, haute cuisine, housing crisis, Isaac Newton, James Watt: steam engine, Jeremy Corbyn, John Harrison: Longitude, Kickstarter, low cost airline, Neil Kinnock, offshore financial centre, period drama, plutocrats, Suez canal 1869, Suez crisis 1956, the market place, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, University of East Anglia, upwardly mobile, urban sprawl

Minicabs and apps Private minicabs are much cheaper than black cabs, but cannot be hailed from the street. They must be licensed and able to produce a TfL ID on demand. Apps like Hailo and Uber can come in handy, too, though at the time of going to print TfL had decided not to renew Uber's licence to operate in London; check for updates before you travel. BY bike Boris bikes The city’s cycle rental scheme – or Boris bikes, as they’re universally known, after former Mayor of London Boris Johnson – has over 700 docking stations across central London. With a credit or debit card, you can buy 24hr access for just £2. You then get the first 30min on a bike free, so if you hop from docking station to docking station you don’t pay another penny.

The Rough Guide to Brazil by Rough Guides

Airbnb, Albert Einstein, Anthropocene, anti-communist, bike sharing, car-free, clean water, Day of the Dead, digital nomad, haute cuisine, income inequality, James Watt: steam engine, land tenure, mass immigration, Murano, Venice glass, Scientific racism, sexual politics, spice trade, Stephen Fry, sustainable-tourism, trade route, trickle-down economics, union organizing, upwardly mobile, urban planning, urban sprawl, éminence grise