John Elkington

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Green Swans: The Coming Boom in Regenerative Capitalism by John Elkington

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, agricultural Revolution, Anthropocene, anti-fragile, Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic, autonomous vehicles, Berlin Wall, bitcoin, Black Swan, blockchain, Boeing 737 MAX, Boeing 747, Buckminster Fuller, business cycle, Cambridge Analytica, carbon footprint, carbon tax, circular economy, Clayton Christensen, clean water, cloud computing, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, correlation does not imply causation, creative destruction, CRISPR, crowdsourcing, David Attenborough, deglobalization, degrowth, discounted cash flows, distributed ledger, do well by doing good, Donald Trump, double entry bookkeeping, drone strike, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, energy transition, Extinction Rebellion, Future Shock, Gail Bradbrook, Geoffrey West, Santa Fe Institute, George Akerlof, global supply chain, Google X / Alphabet X, green new deal, green transition, Greta Thunberg, Hans Rosling, hype cycle, impact investing, intangible asset, Internet of things, invention of the wheel, invisible hand, Iridium satellite, Jeff Bezos, John Elkington, Jony Ive, Joseph Schumpeter, junk bonds, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, M-Pesa, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, Martin Wolf, microplastics / micro fibres, more computing power than Apollo, move fast and break things, Naomi Klein, Nelson Mandela, new economy, Nikolai Kondratiev, ocean acidification, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, placebo effect, Planet Labs, planetary scale, plant based meat, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, radical decentralization, Ralph Nader, reality distortion field, Recombinant DNA, Rubik’s Cube, Salesforce, self-driving car, shareholder value, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, smart cities, smart grid, sovereign wealth fund, space junk, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, supply-chain management, synthetic biology, systems thinking, The future is already here, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Tim Cook: Apple, urban planning, Whole Earth Catalog

—James Cameron, Chairman of the Overseas Development Institute, Founder of Climate Change Capital, and a former member of the UK Prime Minister’s Business Advisory Board “The best leaders are willing to give up what is no longer working and commit to what is needed to succeed in a new, completely changed operating environment. When John Elkington issued a ‘product recall’ for his groundbreaking concept of the ‘triple bottom line,’ it was because he is that type of leader. If you want to be a leader that meets the demands of the 21st century, read Green Swans, and then become one.” —Jay Coen Gilbert, Co-Founder of B Lab, the organization behind the B Corporation movement “John Elkington is one of the true pioneers in the sustainability movement and has made a real contribution to the way business thinks about its role in the world.

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—Nicholas Haan, Faculty Chair, Global Grand Challenges, Singularity University “Capitalism is entering a new phase, as companies and investors acknowledge the need to address the interests of a fuller range of stakeholders. John Elkington, one of the pioneers of the sustainability movement, is a great guide to the changes under way. His critique is clear-eyed, but his underlying optimism about Green Swan solutions is inspiring.” —Adi Ignatius, Editor-in-Chief, Harvard Business Review “Welcome to the new renaissance. John Elkington does not fall into the trap of painting a dystopian nightmare scenario that leaves us without hope. Instead, Green Swans makes us believe in miracles.

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—Lise Kingo, CEO & Executive Director, United Nations Global Compact, the world’s biggest sustainable business platform “Our economy urgently needs re-orienting in a green direction, with governments, businesses and civil society taking on—together—ambitious green missions. John Elkington’s Green Swans, paradigm-shifting innovation breakthroughs, point the way to this brighter future.” —Mariana Mazzucato, Professor in Economics of Innovation and Public Value at University College London and Founder/Director of the UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose. Author of The Entrepreneurial State and The Value of Everything “Japan is one of the most unsustainable advanced nations, with demographic, economic, and environmental challenges. John Elkington explains that all such countries now need to create new generations of Green Swan solutions, driving transformation and regeneration.

The new village green: living light, living local, living large by Stephen Morris

Alan Greenspan, An Inconvenient Truth, back-to-the-land, Buckminster Fuller, carbon tax, clean tech, clean water, collective bargaining, Columbine, Community Supported Agriculture, company town, computer age, cuban missile crisis, David Sedaris, deindustrialization, discovery of penicillin, distributed generation, Easter island, energy security, energy transition, Fellow of the Royal Society, financial independence, Firefox, Hacker Conference 1984, index card, Indoor air pollution, intentional community, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, John Elkington, Kevin Kelly, Louis Pasteur, low interest rates, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, McMansion, Menlo Park, messenger bag, Negawatt, off grid, off-the-grid, peak oil, precautionary principle, rolodex, Silicon Valley, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, systems thinking, Whole Earth Catalog, Whole Earth Review

As Wendell Berry so cogently puts it: we pass through the environment and the environment passes through us.The salmon feeds the bears, the bears feed the forest, the forest feeds the salmon.The Whole is a miracle beyond understanding.” — Chellis Glendinning Author, Off the Map: An expedition deep into Empire and the Global Economy “ Jim Lovelock’s Gaia Hypothesis helped us see the Earth as an integrated system which supports life, for the moment, but has no particular investment in humankind. — John Elkington Author, Cannibals With Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business “ James Lovelock’s Gaia Hypothesis has provided a crucial way of understanding the earth as a living, self-regulating being that gives a scientific and intellectual substructure to environmentalism and shows all who will think about it the only way humans can successfully live on the only living planet in the known universe

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Dwellers in the Land: The Bioregional Vision, by Kirkpatrick Sale. New Society Publishers, 1991. The Great Turning: From Empire to Earth Community, by David Korten. Berett-Koehler, 2006. When Corporations Rule the World, by David Korten. Kumarian Press, 1996. Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business, by John Elkington. New Society Publishers, 1998. My Name Is Chellis and I’m in Recovery from Western Civilization, by Chellis Glendinning. Shambhala, 1994. The Bible The NEW VILLAGE GREEN 27 2 SILENT SPRING Siphonophore “ The more clearly we can focus our attention on the wonders and realities of the universe around us, the less taste we shall have for destruction.” — Rachel Carson 28 T he Roaring Twenties were followed by the Great Depression of the 1930s.Then came the decade of The Greatest Generation, followed by the decade when Everything Went Right, and inevitably, the 1960s when Everything Went Wrong.

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” — Bill Mares Teacher in Burlington, Vermont and author of Bees Besieged and other books “ The Industrial Revolution is the most important cultural event to shape our current world view. We broke into Nature's safe deposit box of fossil carbon, turning it into a wider range of fuels, and potentially destabilizing the global climate in the process.” — John Elkington Author, Cannibals With Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business “ The world unhinging before our eyes is a huge cultural event that is shaping our current world view. In my case, I’ve seen Vermont winters go from ‘lion to pussycat’ in a mere 25 years! We used to get winters propelled by frigid temperatures and huge amounts of snow, starting in November.These days the salt truck is much more needed than the snowplow and our maple seasons have become a complete ‘nail-chewer’—gotta have freezin’ nights for sugarin’ to happen.

The New Economics: A Bigger Picture by David Boyle, Andrew Simms

Abraham Maslow, Alan Greenspan, Alvin Toffler, Apollo 11, Asian financial crisis, back-to-the-land, banking crisis, behavioural economics, Bernie Madoff, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Bonfire of the Vanities, Bretton Woods, capital controls, carbon footprint, carbon tax, clean water, collateralized debt obligation, colonial rule, Community Supported Agriculture, congestion charging, corporate raider, corporate social responsibility, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, Crossrail, delayed gratification, deskilling, digital divide, en.wikipedia.org, energy transition, financial deregulation, financial exclusion, financial innovation, full employment, garden city movement, Glass-Steagall Act, green new deal, happiness index / gross national happiness, if you build it, they will come, income inequality, informal economy, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Jane Jacobs, John Elkington, junk bonds, Kickstarter, land bank, land reform, light touch regulation, loss aversion, mega-rich, microcredit, Mikhail Gorbachev, Money creation, mortgage debt, neoliberal agenda, new economy, North Sea oil, Northern Rock, offshore financial centre, oil shock, peak oil, pension time bomb, pensions crisis, profit motive, purchasing power parity, quantitative easing, Ronald Reagan, seigniorage, Simon Kuznets, sovereign wealth fund, special drawing rights, systems thinking, the long tail, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, too big to fail, trickle-down economics, Vilfredo Pareto, Washington Consensus, wealth creators, working-age population

He contacted James Robertson and his partner Alison Pritchard, coordinator of the Turning Point network, and together they hammered together a committee which met in Jonathon’s flat, around the corner from King’s Cross Station in London. The steering committee included many names that were going to become familiar as the sustainability debate took hold – especially after Mrs Thatcher’s surprise declaration three years later, under the influence of Prince Charles, that she was a ‘friend of the earth’: David Cadman, John Elkington, Liz Hosken, Gerard Morgan-Grenville, Duncan Smith, Jakob von Uexkull and Paul Ekins. The result was The Other Economic Summit (TOES), which brought together a diverse mixture of environmentalists, radical economists, futurists, mystics and community activists.11 The three-day event attracted more than 140 people, and launched with a rally at Friends House on the Euston Road, chaired – rather unexpectedly – by the former British Ambassador to Washington and future BBC economics correspondent Peter Jay.

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David Boyle and Andrew Simms (ed) (2003) News from Somewhere: 20 Years of the New Economics Foundation, New Economics Foundation, London. Paul Ekins (1986) The Living Economy, Routledge, London. David Boyle and Andrew Simms (ed) (2003) News from Somewhere: 20 Years of the New Economics Foundation, New Economics Foundation, London. Paul Ekins (1986) The Living Economy, Routledge, London. John Elkington and Julia Hailes (1988) The Green Consumer Guide, Gollancz, London. For Grameen Bank see www.grameen-info.org David Boyle (2003) Authenticity: Brands, Fakes, Spin and the Lust for Real Life, HarperCollins, London. James Carville and Mary Matalin (1994) All’s Fair: Love, War and Running for President, Simon & Schuster, New York.

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SROI is an impact measurement tool that helps any organization define the relationship between its inputs, outputs and outcomes in terms of the value to each stakeholder group, and then provides a way to put a money value on them.18 It allows investors to look at the real effect of their investment beyond the simple bottom line. Other books to read Richard Douthwaite (1992) The Growth Illusion, Green Books, Totnes John Elkington (1999) Cannibals with Forks, Capstone, London Clive Hamilton (2003) The Growth Fetish, Allen & Unwin, London Oliver James (2007) Affluenza, Vermilion, London Richard Layard (2005) Happiness: Lessons from a New Science, Penguin, London Alex Macgillivray, Candy Weston and Catherine Unsworth (1998) Communities Count!

Superclass: The Global Power Elite and the World They Are Making by David Rothkopf

"World Economic Forum" Davos, airport security, Alan Greenspan, anti-communist, asset allocation, Ayatollah Khomeini, bank run, barriers to entry, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, Big Tech, Bob Geldof, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, BRICs, business cycle, carried interest, clean water, compensation consultant, corporate governance, creative destruction, crony capitalism, David Brooks, Doha Development Round, Donald Trump, fake news, financial innovation, fixed income, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Gini coefficient, global village, high net worth, income inequality, industrial cluster, informal economy, Internet Archive, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, John Elkington, joint-stock company, knowledge economy, Larry Ellison, liberal capitalism, Live Aid, Long Term Capital Management, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, Marshall McLuhan, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, means of production, Mexican peso crisis / tequila crisis, Michael Milken, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, Nelson Mandela, old-boy network, open borders, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, price mechanism, proprietary trading, Savings and loan crisis, shareholder value, Skype, special economic zone, Steve Jobs, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, trade liberalization, trickle-down economics, upwardly mobile, vertical integration, Vilfredo Pareto, Washington Consensus, William Langewiesche

Lynch, “As World Bank Controversy Unfolds, Turmoil Takes Its Toll,” USA Today, May 16, 2007. 169 “All the multilateral development banks” Luis Moreno, interview with the author, 2006. 169 “I don’t write off institutions” James Wolfensohn, interview with the author, October 2006. 170 Kishore Mahbubani, former Singaporean ambassador Kishore Mahbubani, interview with the author, November 2006. 174 Geithner acknowledged that a significant portion Timothy Geithner, interview with the author, 2006. 176 Richard Darman, senior adviser at the Carlyle Group Richard Darman, interview with the author, 2006. 177 John Elkington, coauthor of a study Seb Bekoe, John Elkington, et al., “The 21st Century NGO: In the Market for Change,” SustainAbility, 2. 177 The relevance of this group Daniel C. Esty and Andrew S. Winston, Green to Gold: How Smart Companies Use Environmental Strategy to Innovate, Create Value, and Build Competitive Advantage (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006), 68. 178 WWF has also run afoul of critics Jon Swan, “Green Image, Grim Reality,” World Rivers Review, vol. 18, no. 1, February 2003, 1. 178 Similar attacks have focused on relations John Vidal, “WWF in the Dock Over Island Quarry Deal with French Firm,” Guardian, February 7, 2003.

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So how its suppliers farm their land, whether they do it in an environmentally sustainable way, is a huge issue. I mean, that is global governance the way it is done in the world today.” Today estimates suggest that NGOs worldwide have total turnover in excess of $1 trillion a year, making them a force to be reckoned with. John Elkington, coauthor of a study on NGOs published by Sustain-Ability, says that amount is augmented by levels of public trust surpassing that of governments and business and that as a consequence, NGOs might evolve into “among the most influential institutions of the twenty-first century.” The relevance of this group as part of a continuum of policy makers and influencers is highlighted in the environmental arena in Daniel Esty and Andrew Winston’s Green to Gold: How Smart Companies Use Environmental Strategy to Innovate, Create Value, and Build Competitive Advantage, in which they write: Today, the governmental role is changing … as rule-makers and watchdogs expand both vertically and horizontally.

Conscious Capitalism, With a New Preface by the Authors: Liberating the Heroic Spirit of Business by John Mackey, Rajendra Sisodia, Bill George

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, Abraham Maslow, Bear Stearns, benefit corporation, Berlin Wall, Buckminster Fuller, business process, carbon footprint, collective bargaining, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, crony capitalism, cross-subsidies, do well by doing good, en.wikipedia.org, Everything should be made as simple as possible, Fall of the Berlin Wall, fear of failure, Flynn Effect, income per capita, invisible hand, Jeff Bezos, job satisfaction, John Elkington, lone genius, low interest rates, Mahatma Gandhi, microcredit, Nelson Mandela, Occupy movement, profit maximization, Ralph Waldo Emerson, shareholder value, six sigma, social intelligence, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, systems thinking, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, too big to fail, union organizing, wealth creators, women in the workforce, zero-sum game

We therefore see no contradiction between Conscious Capitalism and natural capitalism. Conscious Capitalism includes the valuable insights that natural capitalism offers about the environment and transcends them with a more comprehensive view of the entire business and economic system. Triple Bottom Line John Elkington, the founder of a British consulting company called SustainAbility, coined the phrase triple bottom line (TBL) in 1994.2 The three bottom lines he wanted companies to pay attention to are people, planet, and profit. Elkington called for tracking financial, social, and environmental performance over time.

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We are grateful to Doug Levy, CEO of MEplusYOU, for his suggestions on this subject. 18. We thank Doug Levy for this example. Appendix B 1. Paul Hawken, Amory B. Lovins, and L. Hunter Lovins, Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution (New York: Back Bay Books, 2008). 2. John Elkington, Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business (Gabriola Island, B.C., and Stony Creek, Conn.: New Society Publishers, 1998). 3. Andrew W. Savitz, The Triple Bottom Line: How Today’s Best-Run Companies Are Achieving Economic, Social, and Environmental Success—and How You Can Too (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2006). 4.

The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism by Jeremy Rifkin

3D printing, active measures, additive manufacturing, Airbnb, autonomous vehicles, back-to-the-land, benefit corporation, big-box store, bike sharing, bioinformatics, bitcoin, business logic, business process, Chris Urmson, circular economy, clean tech, clean water, cloud computing, collaborative consumption, collaborative economy, commons-based peer production, Community Supported Agriculture, Computer Numeric Control, computer vision, crowdsourcing, demographic transition, distributed generation, DIY culture, driverless car, Eben Moglen, electricity market, en.wikipedia.org, Frederick Winslow Taylor, Free Software Foundation, Garrett Hardin, general purpose technology, global supply chain, global village, Hacker Conference 1984, Hacker Ethic, industrial robot, informal economy, information security, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), intermodal, Internet of things, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, James Watt: steam engine, job automation, John Elkington, John Markoff, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, Julian Assange, Kickstarter, knowledge worker, longitudinal study, low interest rates, machine translation, Mahatma Gandhi, manufacturing employment, Mark Zuckerberg, market design, mass immigration, means of production, meta-analysis, Michael Milken, mirror neurons, natural language processing, new economy, New Urbanism, nuclear winter, Occupy movement, off grid, off-the-grid, oil shale / tar sands, pattern recognition, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer lending, personalized medicine, phenotype, planetary scale, price discrimination, profit motive, QR code, RAND corporation, randomized controlled trial, Ray Kurzweil, rewilding, RFID, Richard Stallman, risk/return, Robert Solow, Rochdale Principles, Ronald Coase, scientific management, search inside the book, self-driving car, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, smart grid, smart meter, social web, software as a service, spectrum auction, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, the built environment, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, the long tail, The Nature of the Firm, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Thomas L Friedman, too big to fail, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, urban planning, vertical integration, warehouse automation, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, web application, Whole Earth Catalog, Whole Earth Review, WikiLeaks, working poor, Yochai Benkler, zero-sum game, Zipcar

Their enthusiasm translated into a new career path, at least for a significant minority. Social entrepreneurship was born. Defining social entrepreneurialism can be a slippery business. While profit-making enterprises emphasize what they call the triple bottom line of “people, planet, and profit,” a term coined by John Elkington in 1994, nonprofit organizations prefer “people and planet before profit.”31 An in-depth survey of 80 social entrepreneurs, from both the profit and nonprofit sectors, highlights some of the subtle differences in how they approach the same set of circumstances. To begin with, the profit-making social entrepreneurs are motivated by the prospect of commercial opportunity, while the nonprofit social entrepreneurs are more focused on addressing unmet social needs.

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Hugo Martin, “Outdoor Retailer Patagonia Puts Environment Ahead of Sales Growth,” Los Angeles Times, May 24, 2012, http://articles.latimes.com/2012/may/24/business/la-fi-patagonia -20120525 (accessed February 27, 2013). 30. “What are B Corps?—Legislation,” B Corporation, April 18, 2013, http://www.bcorporation .net/what-are-b-corps/legislation (accessed April 18, 2013). 31. John Elkington, “From the Triple Bottom Line to Zero,” JohnElkington.com, http://www .johnelkington.com/activities/ideas.asp (accessed March 4, 2013). 32. Eleanor Shaw and Sara Carter, “Social Entrepreneurship: Theoretical Antecedents and Empirical Analysis of Entrepreneurial Processes and Outcomes,” Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 14(3) (2007): 418–34, http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?

Denialism: How Irrational Thinking Hinders Scientific Progress, Harms the Planet, and Threatens Our Lives by Michael Specter

23andMe, agricultural Revolution, An Inconvenient Truth, Anne Wojcicki, Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic, Apollo 13, Asilomar, autism spectrum disorder, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, clean water, Drosophila, Edward Jenner, food miles, Gregor Mendel, Helicobacter pylori, invention of gunpowder, John Elkington, Neil Armstrong, out of africa, personalized medicine, placebo effect, precautionary principle, profit motive, randomized controlled trial, Recombinant DNA, Richard Feynman, Richard Feynman: Challenger O-ring, Ronald Reagan, Simon Singh, Skype, stem cell, synthetic biology, technological determinism, Ted Kaczynski, the scientific method, Thomas Malthus, twin studies, Upton Sinclair, X Prize

I was aided greatly early in the project by a lengthy discussion with Juan Enriquez—a man who knows denialism when he sees it and has rejected it with singular eloquence. I would also like to thank: Linda Avey, Esteban Gonzalez Burchard, Art Caplan, Rob Carlson, Joe Cerrell, George Church, June Cohen, John Elkington, Drew Endy, Ed Farmer, Tony Fauci, Jay Keasling, C. Everett Koop, Marie McCormick, Brian Naughton, Marion Nestle, Paul Offit, Neil Risch, Paul Saffo, Robert Shapiro, Eric Topol, Kari Stefansson and Eckard Wimmer. Thousands of words of thanks have already been written on behalf of my friend and agent, Amanda Urban.

No Such Thing as a Free Gift: The Gates Foundation and the Price of Philanthropy by Linsey McGoey

"World Economic Forum" Davos, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, agricultural Revolution, American Legislative Exchange Council, Bear Stearns, bitcoin, Bob Geldof, cashless society, clean water, cognitive dissonance, collapse of Lehman Brothers, colonial rule, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, crony capitalism, effective altruism, Etonian, Evgeny Morozov, financial innovation, Food sovereignty, Ford paid five dollars a day, germ theory of disease, hiring and firing, Howard Zinn, Ida Tarbell, impact investing, income inequality, income per capita, invisible hand, Jane Jacobs, John Elkington, Joseph Schumpeter, Leo Hollis, liquidationism / Banker’s doctrine / the Treasury view, M-Pesa, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, meta-analysis, Michael Milken, microcredit, Mitch Kapor, Mont Pelerin Society, Naomi Klein, Neil Armstrong, obamacare, Peter Singer: altruism, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, price mechanism, profit motive, public intellectual, Ralph Waldo Emerson, rent-seeking, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, school choice, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Silicon Valley, Slavoj Žižek, Steve Jobs, strikebreaker, subprime mortgage crisis, tacit knowledge, technological solutionism, TED Talk, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, trickle-down economics, urban planning, W. E. B. Du Bois, wealth creators

The consequences of this shift have left many early enthusiasts querying whether their objectives are compromised the more the field is commercialized. If the definition above seems a little general and broad, that’s because the phenomenon is general and broad: there’s no particular aspect of the concept that distinguishes it from earlier efforts to use innovative ideas or methods to create social change. Take a description from John Elkington and Pamela Hartigan, two well-regarded proponents of the concept. In a recent book, they suggest ‘there is no standard-issue entrepreneur, but there is a consensus on what entrepreneurs do. Through the practical exploitation of new ideas, they establish new ventures to deliver goods and services not currently supplied by existing markets’.7 What sets the ‘social’ entrepreneur apart from more traditional ones is an emphasis on motivation.

The Great Disruption: Why the Climate Crisis Will Bring on the End of Shopping and the Birth of a New World by Paul Gilding

"World Economic Forum" Davos, airport security, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, biodiversity loss, Bob Geldof, BRICs, carbon credits, carbon footprint, carbon tax, clean tech, clean water, Climategate, commoditize, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, data science, decarbonisation, energy security, Exxon Valdez, failed state, fear of failure, geopolitical risk, income inequality, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), John Elkington, Joseph Schumpeter, market fundamentalism, mass immigration, Medieval Warm Period, Naomi Klein, negative emissions, Nelson Mandela, new economy, nuclear winter, Ocado, ocean acidification, oil shock, peak oil, Ponzi scheme, precautionary principle, purchasing power parity, retail therapy, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, systems thinking, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, union organizing, University of East Anglia, warehouse automation

However, we recognized that our clients’ bills had to be paid, along with a reasonable return on capital. This wasn’t a casual afterthought, an “oh yes, you need to make money”; it was central to our work. Around this time, the focus in corporate responsibility was on the “triple bottom line,” a phrase coined by my good friend and one of the world’s outstanding corporate sustainability pioneers John Elkington, founder of the U.K. firm SustainAbility. It meant that companies should deliver and report on social and environmental performance as well as profits. In contrast, we centered our strategic advice on what we called “single bottom line sustainability,” meaning that the pursuit of profit, without which no company can succeed, and the pursuit of sustainability should be a single mission, not separate, parallel efforts.

Philanthrocapitalism by Matthew Bishop, Michael Green, Bill Clinton

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, Abraham Maslow, Albert Einstein, An Inconvenient Truth, anti-communist, AOL-Time Warner, barriers to entry, battle of ideas, Bernie Madoff, Big Tech, Bob Geldof, Bonfire of the Vanities, business process, business process outsourcing, Charles Lindbergh, clean tech, clean water, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, Dava Sobel, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, digital divide, do well by doing good, don't be evil, family office, financial innovation, full employment, global pandemic, global village, Global Witness, God and Mammon, Hernando de Soto, high net worth, Ida Tarbell, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, James Dyson, John Elkington, John Harrison: Longitude, joint-stock company, junk bonds, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, Larry Ellison, Live Aid, lone genius, Marc Andreessen, Marc Benioff, market bubble, mass affluent, Michael Milken, microcredit, Mikhail Gorbachev, Neil Armstrong, Nelson Mandela, new economy, offshore financial centre, old-boy network, PalmPilot, peer-to-peer lending, performance metric, Peter Singer: altruism, plutocrats, profit maximization, profit motive, Richard Feynman, risk tolerance, risk-adjusted returns, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, scientific management, seminal paper, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Slavoj Žižek, South Sea Bubble, sovereign wealth fund, SpaceShipOne, stem cell, Steve Jobs, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, trade liberalization, transaction costs, trickle-down economics, Tyler Cowen, wealth creators, winner-take-all economy, working poor, World Values Survey, X Prize

Although the list is too long to include everyone who has given us their valuable time and insights, it includes Patty Stonesifer, Larry Brilliant, Kurt Hoffman, Mary Robinson, Joel Klein, David Blood, Muhammad Yunus, Tom Vander Ark, Bobby Shriver, Steve Gunderson, Judith Rodin, Trevor Nielson, Jamie Drummond, Melissa Berman, Doug Bauer, Diana Aviv, Andrew Hind, Adam Meyerson, Jeffrey Sachs, Amir Dossal, Peter Singer, Linda Rottenberg, Peter Kellner, Hernando de Soto, Diana Leat, Phil Buchanan, Carlos Danel, Bill Drayton, William Zabel, Paul Schervish, Lester Salomon, Joan Di Furia, Vartan Gregorian, Luc Tayart de Borms, Sam Jonah, Volker Then, David Green, David Carrington, Pamela Hartigan, John Elkington, Geoff Mulgan, Rowena Young, Larry Mone, Lael Brainerd, Alex Nicholls, Rob John, Fritz Mayer, Robert Dufton, Carl Schramm, Etienne Eichenberger, Felicitas von Peter, Charles MacCormack, Thomas Tierney, Bruce Lindsay, Michael E. Porter, Mark Kramer, Katherine Fulton, John Bryant, Charles Handy, Teresa Lloyd, Andras Szanto, Mabel van Oranje, Caroline Casey, Karim Kawar, Greg Dees, Bunker Roy, Ira Magaziner, Rick Beckett, John Needham, Brizio Biondi Morra, Jane Wales, Sally Osberg, Thomas Eymond-Laritaz, Jacqueline Novogratz, Vanessa Kirsch, George Overholser, Clara Miller, Jeroo Billimoria, Nick Moon, Martin Fisher, Nancy Lublin, Bruce McNamer, John Wood, Martin Brookes, Maximilian Martin, Nigel Harris, Ian Davis, Lynn Taliento, and Mikhail Saakashvili.

Green Tyranny: Exposing the Totalitarian Roots of the Climate Industrial Complex by Rupert Darwall

1960s counterculture, active measures, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Albert Einstein, Bakken shale, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, California energy crisis, carbon credits, carbon footprint, centre right, clean tech, collapse of Lehman Brothers, creative destruction, decarbonisation, deindustrialization, dematerialisation, disinformation, Donald Trump, electricity market, Elon Musk, energy security, energy transition, facts on the ground, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Garrett Hardin, gigafactory, Gunnar Myrdal, Herbert Marcuse, hydraulic fracturing, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, it's over 9,000, James Watt: steam engine, John Elkington, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Rogoff, Kickstarter, liberal capitalism, market design, means of production, megaproject, Mikhail Gorbachev, mittelstand, Murray Bookchin, Neil Armstrong, nuclear winter, obamacare, oil shale / tar sands, Paris climate accords, Peace of Westphalia, peak oil, plutocrats, postindustrial economy, precautionary principle, pre–internet, recommendation engine, renewable energy transition, rent-seeking, road to serfdom, rolling blackouts, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Solyndra, Strategic Defense Initiative, subprime mortgage crisis, tech baron, tech billionaire, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tragedy of the Commons, women in the workforce, young professional

., p. 24. 23https://twitter.com/jeremyleggett/status/406691588950073344 (accessed October 28, 2015). 24Tessa Kipping, “Jeremy Leggett: It’s Flattering When People Dismiss Solar Power,” BusinessGreen, December 16, 2013, http://www.businessgreen.com/bg/interview/2318947/jeremy-leggett-its-flattering-when-people-dismiss-solar-power (accessed October 28, 2015). 25Florian Diekmann, “Kostenexplosion bei Strom, Öl, Gas: Energiearmut in Deutschland nimmt drastisch zu,” (“Cost explosion in electricity, oil, gas: energy poverty in Germany increases dramatically”), Spiegelonline, February 24, 2014, http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/service/gruenen-anfrage-energiearmut-in-deutschland-nimmt-drastisch-zu-a-954688.html (accessed October 28, 2015). 26Spiegelonline, “Germany’s Energy Poverty: How Electricity Became a Luxury Good,” April 9, 2013, http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/high-costs-and-errors-of-german-transition-to-renewable-energy-a-920288.html (accessed October 28, 2015). 27Alexander Wendt, Der Grüne Blackout; Warum die Energiewende Nicht Functionieren Kann (The Green Blackout: Why the Energiewende Cannot Work) (Munich, 2014), p. 4. 28Alexander Wendt email to author, November 6, 2015. 29Seb Beloe, John Elkington, Katie Fry Hester, and Sue Newell, The 21st Century NGO: In the Market for Change (London, 2003), p. 2. 30Richard Edelman, “Rebuilding Public Trust through Accountability and Responsibility: Address to the Ethical Corporation Magazine Conference,” New York, October 3, 2002, Slide 12. 31Ibid., Slide 11. 32Robert Mendick and Edward Malnick, “European Union Funding £90m Green Lobbying Con,” www.telegraph.co.uk, December 21, 2013, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/10532853/European-Union-funding-90m-green-lobbying-con.html (accessed October 28, 2015). 33Green 10, http://www.green10.org/about-us/ (accessed October 28, 2015). 34Green 10, http://www.green10.org/publications/ (accessed October 28, 2015). 35Financial data from EU Transparency Register accessed via link for each NGO at bottom, http://www.green10.org/about-us/ (accessed October 28, 2015). 36Emily Gosden, “Greenpeace Executive Flies 250 Miles to Work,” www.telegraph.co.uk, June 23, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/earthnews/10920198/Greenpeace-executive-flies-250-miles-to-work.html. 37WWF, “We Must Save the World’s Wild Life: An International Declaration,” (The Morges Manifesto) April 29, 1961 accessed via http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/history/sixties/ (accessed November 2, 2015). 38Clive Hambler, “Wind Farms vs.

The Job: The Future of Work in the Modern Era by Ellen Ruppel Shell

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", 3D printing, Abraham Maslow, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, airport security, Albert Einstein, AlphaGo, Amazon Mechanical Turk, basic income, Baxter: Rethink Robotics, big-box store, blue-collar work, Buckminster Fuller, call centre, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, Clayton Christensen, cloud computing, collective bargaining, company town, computer vision, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, data science, deskilling, digital divide, disruptive innovation, do what you love, Donald Trump, Downton Abbey, Elon Musk, emotional labour, Erik Brynjolfsson, factory automation, follow your passion, Frederick Winslow Taylor, future of work, game design, gamification, gentrification, glass ceiling, Glass-Steagall Act, hiring and firing, human-factors engineering, immigration reform, income inequality, independent contractor, industrial research laboratory, industrial robot, invisible hand, It's morning again in America, Jeff Bezos, Jessica Bruder, job automation, job satisfaction, John Elkington, John Markoff, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, Joseph Schumpeter, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, Kodak vs Instagram, labor-force participation, low skilled workers, Lyft, manufacturing employment, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, means of production, move fast and break things, new economy, Norbert Wiener, obamacare, offshore financial centre, Paul Samuelson, precariat, Quicken Loans, Ralph Waldo Emerson, risk tolerance, Robert Gordon, Robert Shiller, Rodney Brooks, Ronald Reagan, scientific management, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, Steve Jobs, stock buybacks, TED Talk, The Chicago School, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thomas L Friedman, Thorstein Veblen, Tim Cook: Apple, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, universal basic income, urban renewal, Wayback Machine, WeWork, white picket fence, working poor, workplace surveillance , Y Combinator, young professional, zero-sum game

promoted tax hikes to support them Ganesh Sitaraman, The Crisis of the Middle-Class Constitution: Why Income Inequality Threatens Our Republic (New York: Knopf, 2017), 202. “Society is demanding that companies” “A Sense of Purpose,” Larry Fink’s Annual Letter to CEOs, BlackRock (2017), https://www.blackrock.com/​corporate/​investor-relations/​larry-fink-ceo-letter. the “triple bottom line” See, for example, John Elkington, Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business (Oxford: Capstone, 1997). the concept of “shareholder primacy” The primacy of shareholders above other stakeholders was more recently reaffirmed by the case of EBay Domestic Holdings Inc. v. Newmark, H2O Classroom Tools, last modified February 24, 2014, https://h2o.law.harvard.edu/​cases/​3472, in which the Delaware Chancery Court stated that a nonfinancial mission that “seeks not to maximize the economic value of a for-profit Delaware corporation for the benefit of its stockholders” is inconsistent with directors’ fiduciary duties.

Women Leaders at Work: Untold Tales of Women Achieving Their Ambitions by Elizabeth Ghaffari

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Albert Einstein, AltaVista, Bear Stearns, business cycle, business process, cloud computing, Columbine, compensation consultant, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, dark matter, deal flow, do what you love, family office, Fellow of the Royal Society, financial independence, follow your passion, glass ceiling, Grace Hopper, high net worth, John Elkington, knowledge worker, Larry Ellison, Long Term Capital Management, longitudinal study, Oklahoma City bombing, performance metric, pink-collar, profit maximization, profit motive, recommendation engine, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, thinkpad, trickle-down economics, urban planning, women in the workforce, young professional

That’s how I began doing much more administrative work inside of the university and just a little teaching—one course in business communication. Somehow, on the side, I was studying ferociously the emerging world of sustainable development, which was much bigger in Europe at the time. I focused on the work of Stuart Hart and John Elkington. There were other pioneers who were really starting to bring all this together—Hunter Lovins and Amory Lovins—those on the vanguard of natural capitalism, “the next industrial revolution.” I wondered to myself, “Could I put a course together that would merge all of these ideas to help us understand ways in which we could harness the power of the corporation to make the world a better place?”

Global Spin: The Corporate Assault on Environmentalism by Sharon Beder

American Legislative Exchange Council, battle of ideas, benefit corporation, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, business climate, centre right, clean water, corporate governance, Exxon Valdez, Gary Taubes, global village, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, John Elkington, laissez-faire capitalism, military-industrial complex, oil shale / tar sands, Oklahoma City bombing, old-boy network, planned obsolescence, precautionary principle, price mechanism, profit maximization, Ralph Nader, RAND corporation, Ronald Reagan, scientific management, shareholder value, telemarketer, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, two and twenty, urban planning

The philosophy that Greenpeace espouses today contrasts markedly with positions that it took in the early 1990s, when ‘green marketing’ first emerged as part of a strategy that the PR industry calls ‘cause-related marketing’. A series of media reports and books, such as The Green Consumer Guide by John Elkington and Julia Hales, gave the impression that the environment could be saved if individuals changed their shopping habits and bought environmentally sound products. There was a surge of advertisements claiming environmental benefits, and green imagery became a symbol used to sell products. When green marketing first emerged, it came under criticism from a number of Greenpeace campaigners, as noted in Chapter Eleven.