Howard Zinn

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Occupy by Noam Chomsky

Alan Greenspan, corporate governance, corporate personhood, deindustrialization, high-speed rail, Howard Zinn, income inequality, invisible hand, Martin Wolf, Nate Silver, Occupy movement, Plutonomy: Buying Luxury, Explaining Global Imbalances, precariat, Ralph Nader, Ronald Reagan, too big to fail, union organizing

. †† Bailey McCann, “Cities, states pass resolutions against corporate personhood,” January 4, 2012, CivSource. http://civsourceonline.com/2012/01/04/cities-states-pass-resolutions-against-corporate-personhood/ ‡‡ Emily Ramshaw and Jay Root, “A New Rick Perry Shows Up to GOP Debate,” The Texas Tribune, October 18, 2011. Occupy Howard Zinn Memorial Lecture Occupy Boston, MA, Dewey Square, October 22, 2011 It’s a little hard to give a Howard Zinn memorial lecture at an Occupy meeting. There are mixed feelings, necessarily, that go along with it. First of all, there’s regret that Howard is not here to take part in and invigorate it in his inimitable way, something that would have been the dream of his life.

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It’s not just Citizens United. It goes back a century. And that’s against the will of about two-thirds of the population. Well, all these things offer plenty of opportunities for discussion, interchange, education, organizing and activism. The opportunities are all there. Remembering Howard Zinn It is not easy for me to write a few words about Howard Zinn, the great American activist and historian. He was a very close friend for forty-five years. The families were very close, too. His wife, Roz, who died of cancer not long before, was also a marvelous person and close friend. Also somber is the realization that a whole generation seems to be disappearing, including several other old friends: Edward Said, Eqbal Ahmed and others, who were not only astute and productive scholars, but also dedicated and courageous militants, always on call when needed—which was constant.

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Black This publication is a joint project of Adelante Alliance and Essential Information Archived by the Tamiment Collection at New York University eISBN: 978-1-884519-10-9 Occupied Media Pamphlet Series | Zuccotti Park Press 405 61 Street | Brooklyn, New York 11220 www.zuccottiparkpress.com Facebook https://www.facebook.com/ZuccottiParkPres Twitter https://twitter.com/zuccottipress Editor’s Note Occupy After Thirty Years of Class War InterOccupy Occupying Foreign Policy Remembering Howard Zinn Occupy Protest Support About the Author About Zuccotti Park Press and the Occupied Media Pamphlet Series Dedicated to the 6,705 people who have been arrested supporting Occupy to date, from the first 80 arrested marching in New York on September 24, 2011, to the woman arrested in Sacramento on March 6, 2012, for throwing flower petals.* May our numbers swell and increase

Power Systems: Conversations on Global Democratic Uprisings and the New Challenges to U.S. Empire by Noam Chomsky, David Barsamian

"World Economic Forum" Davos, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Albert Einstein, American ideology, Chelsea Manning, collective bargaining, colonial rule, corporate personhood, David Brooks, discovery of DNA, double helix, drone strike, failed state, Great Leap Forward, Herbert Marcuse, high-speed rail, Howard Zinn, hydraulic fracturing, income inequality, inflation targeting, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Julian Assange, land reform, language acquisition, Martin Wolf, Mohammed Bouazizi, Naomi Klein, Nelson Mandela, new economy, no-fly zone, obamacare, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, pattern recognition, Powell Memorandum, public intellectual, quantitative easing, Ralph Nader, Ralph Waldo Emerson, single-payer health, sovereign wealth fund, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, theory of mind, Tobin tax, union organizing, Upton Sinclair, uranium enrichment, WikiLeaks

Immanuel Wallerstein, interview with Sophie Shevardnadze, Russia Today, 4 October 2011. 19. Martin Wolf, “The Big Question Raised by Anti-Capitalist Protests,” Financial Times (London), 28 October 2011. 20. See also Richard Wolff, Democracy at Work (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2012). 21. Howard Zinn, “A Chorus Against War,” The Progressive 67, no. 3 (March 2003), pp. 19–21. 22. Howard Zinn, “Operation Enduring War,” The Progressive 66, no. 3 (March 2002), pp. 12–13. 23. David Hume, “Of the First Principles of Government,” in Selected Essays, ed. Stephen Copley and Andrew Edgar (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 24. 24. Edward Bernays, Propaganda (Brooklyn: Ig Publishing, 2005), p. 127. 25.

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Domestic Disturbances 5. Unconventional Wisdom 6. Mental Slavery 7. Learning How to Discover 8. Aristocrats and Democrats Notes Acknowledgments Index About the Authors 1 The New American Imperialism CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS (APRIL 2, 2010) One of the themes that Howard Zinn tried to address during his long career was the lack of historical memory. The facts of history are scrupulously ignored and/or distorted. I was wondering if you could comment on imperialism then and now, interventions then and now. Specifically about Saigon in 1963 and 1964 and Kabul today? What happened in Vietnam in the early 1960s is gone from history.

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China is now probably the leading trading partner of Brazil. It has surpassed the United States and Europe.50 We were both at a talk that Arundhati Roy gave at Harvard describing the rather extraordinary amount of resistance to neoliberal policies in India.51 There is a tremendous amount of push-back. I wrote to Howard Zinn about her talk. He wrote back to me, in one of the last e-mails I received from him, “Compared to India, the United States seems like a desert.” It wasn’t at one time. If you go back to the nineteenth century, the indigenous population of the United States resisted. In this respect, the United States is a desert because we exterminated the native people.

Imperial Ambitions: Conversations on the Post-9/11 World by Noam Chomsky, David Barsamian

British Empire, collective bargaining, cuban missile crisis, declining real wages, failed state, feminist movement, Howard Zinn, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, Joseph Schumpeter, launch on warning, liberation theology, Monroe Doctrine, Nelson Mandela, offshore financial centre, public intellectual, Ronald Reagan, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, Upton Sinclair, uranium enrichment, Westphalian system

Take a look at SNCC, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, which was at the leading edge of the civil rights movement—the people who were really on the line, not the ones who showed up for a demonstration now and then but the ones out there every day, sitting at lunch counters, traveling on freedom buses, getting beaten up or in some cases killed. For the most part, the students in SNCC came from the elite colleges, like the college where Howard Zinn was teaching, Spelman, and where he was kicked out because he supported the students in their efforts.11 Spelman was a black college, but an elite black college. Obviously not all the students in the movement came from privileged backgrounds, but they were certainly a leading part of this struggle.

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Lord Hutton, “Report of the Inquiry into the Circumstances Surrounding the Death of Dr. David Kelly C.M.G.,” 28 January 2004. 8. Noam Chomsky, Necessary Illusions (South End Press, 1989), p. viii. 9. David Hume, Of the First Principles of Government (Longmanns, Green, and Company, 1882), chap. 1. 10. KidsPost, Washington Post, 12 November 2004. 11. See Howard Zinn, SNCC, updated ed. (South End Press, 2002); and Zinn, You Can’t Be Neutral on a Moving Train, updated ed. (Beacon, 2002). 12. Ralph Atkins et al., Financial Times, 22 November 2004. 13. For details, see Roger Morris, New York Times, 14 March 2003; and Said K. Aburish, Saddam Hussein (Bloomsbury, 2000). 14.

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A professor of Linguistics and Philosophy at MIT, he is widely credited with having revolutionized modern linguistics. He lives outside Boston, Massachusetts. DAVID BARSAMIAN, founder and director of an award-winning and widely syndicated weekly show, Alternative Radio (www.alternativeradio.org) has authored several books of interviews with leading political thinkers, including Arundhati Roy, Howard Zinn, Edward Said, and especially Noam Chomsky. He lives in Boulder, Colorado. THE AMERICAN EMPIRE PROJECT In an era of unprecedented military strength, leaders of the United States, the global hyperpower, have increasingly embraced imperial ambitions. How did this significant shift in purpose and policy come about?

Days of Destruction, Days of Revolt by Chris Hedges, Joe Sacco

Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, clean water, collective bargaining, company town, corporate personhood, dumpster diving, Easter island, Exxon Valdez, food desert, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, Howard Zinn, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, laissez-faire capitalism, Mahatma Gandhi, mass immigration, mass incarceration, Naomi Klein, Nelson Mandela, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, Silicon Valley, Steve Jobs, strikebreaker, union organizing, urban decay, wage slave, white flight, women in the workforce

The graphics illustrate what words alone cannot, capturing a past as it’s told, where there’s no longer anything left to photograph.” —Asbury Park Press “[T]he radical disjunction between how Hedges and Sacco approach their subjects is fascinating and instructive. Hedges is at ease with the grand, sweeping Howard Zinn–moments of matchbook history. . . . And if sweeping, historical connect-the-dots is your cup of tea, then you will find Hedges deeply moving. But if, like Sacco, you distrust all history that does not have a face, a name, and a voice behind it, you will find more to call you to action in the voices that speak from the decimated landscapes of America’s deepest poverty, which we (like Dickens’s ‘telescopic philanthropists’) know even less well than we do the sufferings of peoples halfway around the world.

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The white upper class viewed Europe’s poor, fleeing to America from squalid slums and workhouses, as commodities, fodder for the armies carrying out the genocidal campaigns against Native Americans in the West or cheap labor in the squalid workhouses and mills. Blacks, first imported as slaves, later became part of a disenfranchised underclass. American history, as Howard Zinn illustrated in The People’s History of the United States, has been one long fight by the marginalized and disenfranchised for dignity and freedom. There have been moments when radical movements, especially on the eve of World War I or during the Great Depression, have pushed back to expand opportunities.

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Proletarian revolutions, however: . . . constantly criticize themselves, constantly interrupt themselves in their own course, return to the apparently accomplished, in order to begin anew; they deride with cruel thoroughness the half-measures, weaknesses, and paltriness of their first attempts, seem to throw down their opponents only so the latter may draw new strength from the earth and rise before them again more gigantic than ever, recoil constantly from the indefinite colossalness of their own goals—until a situation is created which makes all turning back impossible, and the conditions themselves call out: “Hier ist die Rose, hier tanze”30—[“Here is the rose; dance here”]. Ketchup, a petite twenty-two-year-old from Chicago with wavy red hair and bright red-framed glasses, arrived in Zuccotti Park in New York City on September 17, 2011. She had a tent, a rolling suitcase, forty dollars worth of food, the graphic version of Howard Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States, and a sleeping bag. She had no return ticket, no idea what she was undertaking, and no acquaintances among the stragglers who joined her that afternoon to begin the Occupy Wall Street movement. She decided to go to New York after reading the Canadian magazine Adbusters calling for the occupation, although she noted when she got to the park that Adbusters had no discernible presence.

Waging a Good War: A Military History of the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1968 by Thomas E. Ricks

2021 United States Capitol attack, active measures, amateurs talk tactics, professionals talk logistics, Black Lives Matter, classic study, colonial rule, COVID-19, critical race theory, cuban missile crisis, desegregation, Donald Trump, Ferguson, Missouri, full employment, George Floyd, Howard Zinn, Kickstarter, Mahatma Gandhi, mass incarceration, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, union organizing, W. E. B. Du Bois, wikimedia commons

“saturation program”: “Minutes of the Meeting of the SNCC Executive Committee, December 27–31, 1963,” 28. “We recognized that the results”: Quoted in William Chafe, The Unfinished Journey: America Since World War II, 5th ed. (Oxford University Press, 2003), 306. Some of those anxious parents: “Jim Forman—November 12, 1965,” interview by Howard Zinn, Zinn Interview Transcripts, 1963–65, Howard Zinn Papers, Freedom Summer Digital Collection, Wisconsin Historical Society, content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/p15932coll2/id/11919, 4. “That’s cold”: Quoted in Harvard Sitkoff, The Struggle for Black Equality (1981; repr. Hill and Wang, 2008), 159. “an army of Northern college students”: John Lewis, Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement (Simon & Schuster, 2015), 250.

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Susie Erenrich (Black Belt Press, 1999), 265. “There was a pace”: Len Chandler, “A Long Introduction to a Long Poem About the Long Summer of ’64,” in Erenrich, Freedom Is a Constant Struggle, 209. “I think you have to think of it”: “Jim Forman—November 12, 1965,” interview by Howard Zinn, Zinn Interview Transcripts, 1963–65, Howard Zinn Papers, Freedom Summer Digital Collection, Wisconsin Historical Society, content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/p15932coll2/id/11919, 6. “Our objective was to let these people know”: “Zoya Zeman’s Freedom Summer Diary,” 14. “because you know your life is on the line”: “An Oral History with Honorable Unita Blackwell,” Center for Oral History and Cultural Heritage, University of Southern Mississippi, 13, 10, 19.

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They met to discuss strategy and map out future efforts. They planned and led marches. They conducted operations in which there were rarely front lines, which meant that there were few genuinely safe places where one could relax—a situation that dramatically increases stress. Visiting their offices in Alabama and Mississippi, wrote Howard Zinn, a sympathetic historian, was like visiting combat outposts. 3. THE FREEDOM RIDES, 1961 A Raid Behind Enemy Lines In the war over civil rights, the two sides faced very different tasks. The enforcers of segregation were committed to maintaining the status quo everywhere. This put them at a disadvantage because they had so much territory to defend.

A People's History of Poverty in America by Stephen Pimpare

affirmative action, British Empire, car-free, clean water, cognitive dissonance, Columbine, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, deindustrialization, delayed gratification, dumpster diving, East Village, Frederick Winslow Taylor, George Gilder, green new deal, hedonic treadmill, hiring and firing, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, impulse control, income inequality, index card, it's over 9,000, Jane Jacobs, low skilled workers, Mahatma Gandhi, mass incarceration, meta-analysis, moral panic, Naomi Klein, New Urbanism, payday loans, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, San Francisco homelessness, subprime mortgage crisis, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, union organizing, urban renewal, W. E. B. Du Bois, War on Poverty, white flight, working poor, Works Progress Administration

No City on a Hill A Rational Surrender Chapter 9 - Resist: Bread or Blood Passive Resistance Active Resistance Welfare Rights Embracing Indignation EPILOGUE Notes Index Copyright Page The New Press People’s History Series Howard Zinn, Series Editor A People’s History of the United States: The Wall Charts Howard Zinn and George Kirschner A People’s History of the United States: Abridged Teaching Edition Howard Zinn A People’s History of the American Revolution: How Common People Shaped the Fight for Independence Ray Raphael A People’s History of the Vietnam War Jonathan Neale The Mexican Revolution Adolfo Gilly A People’s History of the Civil War: Struggles for the Meaning of Freedom David Williams The Darker Nations: A People’s History of the Third World Vijay Prashad A People’s History of Poverty in America Stephen Pimpare A People’s History of Sports in the United States: 250 Years of Politics, Protest, People, and Play Dave Zirin for Kathleen Bergeron and JoAnn McGravey Stop a moment.

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Taking the lives and viewpoints of common people as its point of departure, the series reexamines subjects as different as the American Revolution, the history of sports, the history of American art, the Mexican Revolution, and the rise of the Third World. A people’s history does more than add to the catalogue of what we already know. These books will shake up readers’ understanding of the past—just as common people throughout history have shaken up their always changeable worlds. Howard Zinn Boston, 2000 INTRODUCTION The Indignant Poor and the Constants of Relief I am reminded of the old lady who went from the interior to the sea. She had lived a life of poverty. She had never had enough of anything. All the food that went upon her table, all the clothing she wore, had to be carefully considered.

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More to the point, my decisions about what to include of the accounts I have gathered are, inescapably, biased, although they are intended to be not just revealing but representative. Perhaps this is best thought of not as the culmination of a project, but as the beginning of one, especially given that I have relied here mostly upon previously published letters, diaries, journals, and interviews. The narrative is also distorted, much like its inspiration, Howard Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States, by the nature of the project itself.45 I set out consciously to offer a history of American poverty and welfare unlike the traditional ones. So, just as Zinn tells the story of Columbus’s arrival in the Bahamas through the eyes of the Arawak Indians, showing us the communities destroyed and the families slaughtered by the Great Discoverer, I’ll let the residents of Five Points, our most notorious slum, give us a glimpse into the dense, close-knit, and often joyous communities they formed there, or allow women on welfare to explain how their supposed “dependence” has made it possible for them to raise their children and behave, as they have seen it, responsibly.

No Is Not Enough: Resisting Trump’s Shock Politics and Winning the World We Need by Naomi Klein

"Hurricane Katrina" Superdome, "World Economic Forum" Davos, Airbnb, antiwork, basic income, battle of ideas, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Black Lives Matter, Brewster Kahle, carbon tax, Carl Icahn, Celebration, Florida, clean water, collective bargaining, Corrections Corporation of America, data science, desegregation, Donald Trump, drone strike, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, end-to-end encryption, energy transition, extractivism, fake news, financial deregulation, gentrification, Global Witness, greed is good, green transition, high net worth, high-speed rail, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, impact investing, income inequality, Internet Archive, Kickstarter, late capitalism, Mark Zuckerberg, market bubble, market fundamentalism, mass incarceration, megaproject, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, moral panic, Naomi Klein, Nate Silver, new economy, Occupy movement, ocean acidification, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, open borders, Paris climate accords, Patri Friedman, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, private military company, profit motive, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, Ronald Reagan, Saturday Night Live, sexual politics, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Steve Bannon, subprime mortgage crisis, tech billionaire, too big to fail, trade liberalization, transatlantic slave trade, Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, trickle-down economics, Upton Sinclair, urban decay, W. E. B. Du Bois, women in the workforce, working poor

Laura Small, Environmental and Energy Study Institute, December 23, 2014, http://www.eesi.org/​papers/​view/​fact-sheet-jobs-in-renewable-energy-and-energy-efficiency-2014. Germany: 30 percent of energy comes from renewables US Energy Information Administration, “Germany’s Renewables Electricity Generation Grows in 2015, but Coal Still Dominant,” Today in Energy, May 24, 2016, https://www.eia.gov/​todayinenergy/​detail.php?id=26372. Howard Zinn: “The really critical thing isn’t…” Howard Zinn, Terrorism and War (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2002), 110. Remembering When We Leapt 1911 fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in New York City: death toll “The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire,” Occupational Safety and Health Administration website, accessed April 18, 2017, https://www.osha.gov/​oas/​trianglefactoryfire-account.html.

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So before we focus on how to win the world we want and need, we first have to get ready for the next wave of crises coming from the Trump White House, shocks that could well reverberate the world over. PART III HOW IT COULD GET WORSE: THE SHOCKS TO COME History is important. If you don’t know history it’s as if you were born yesterday. And if you were born yesterday, anybody up there in a position of power can tell you anything, and you have no way of checking up on it. —HOWARD ZINN You Can’t Be Neutral on a Moving Train, 2004 documentary CHAPTER EIGHT MASTERS OF DISASTER DOING AN END RUN AROUND DEMOCRACY There have been times in my reporting from disaster zones when I have had the unsettling feeling that I was seeing not just a crisis in the here and now, but a glimpse of our collective future—a preview of where the road we are all on is headed unless we somehow grab the wheel and swerve.

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As a result, the kind of outside pressure that has leveraged major policy victories in the past was largely MIA during Obama’s first term. Despite some valiant attempts, there was no united progressive coalition pressuring Obama to make more of his unique moment in history, pushing him to deliver big on jobs, racial justice, clean air, clean water, and better services. That was a mistake. As the great (and much-missed) historian Howard Zinn once wrote, “The really critical thing isn’t who is sitting in the White House, but who is sitting in—in the streets, in the cafeterias, in the halls of government, in the factories. Who is protesting, who is occupying offices and demonstrating. Those are the things that determine what happens.”

Media Control: The Spectacular Achievements of Propaganda by Noam Chomsky

British Empire, declining real wages, disinformation, feminist movement, Howard Zinn, Ralph Nader, RAND corporation, Ronald Reagan, strikebreaker

We publish works of the imagination by such writers as Nelson Algren, Octavia E. Butler, Assia Djebar, Ariel Dorfman, Lee Stringer, and Kurt Vonnegut, to name a few, together with political titles by voices of conscience, including the Boston Women's Health Book Collective, Noam Chomsky, Ralph Nader, Gary Null, Project Censored, Barbara Seaman, Gary Webb, and Howard Zinn, among many others. Our books appear in hardcover, paperback, pamphlet, and e-book formats, in English and in Spanish. We believe publishers have a special responsibility to defend free speech and human rights wherever we can. For more information about us, visit our Web site at www.sevenstories.com or write for a free catalogue to Seven Stories Press, 140 Watts Street, New York, NY 10013.

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Policy by Mario Murillo IsraellPalestine: How to End the War of 1948 by Tanya Reinhart Media Control: The Spectacular Achievements of Propaganda by Noam Chomsky Propaganda, Inc. by Nancy Snow Secret Trials and Executions by Barbara Olshansky Sent by Earth by Alice Walker Silencing Political Dissent by Nancy Chang Terrorism: Theirs and Ours by Equal Ahmad Terrorism and War by Howard Zinn The Umbrella of U.S. Power by Noam Chomsky Weapons in Space by Karl Grossman Visit the Seven Stories Press web site for updated information and a complete list of all available Open Media books and pamphlets. openmedia@sevenstories.com I www.sevenstories.com AVAILABLE OCTOBER 2002 FROM THE OPEN MEDIA SERIES OUR MEDIA, NOT THEIRS The Democratic Struggle Against Corporate Media by Robert W.

Democracy at Work: A Cure for Capitalism by Richard D. Wolff

asset-backed security, Bear Stearns, Bernie Madoff, business cycle, collective bargaining, Credit Default Swap, declining real wages, feminist movement, financial intermediation, Glass-Steagall Act, green new deal, Howard Zinn, income inequality, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, laissez-faire capitalism, means of production, military-industrial complex, moral hazard, mortgage debt, Occupy movement, Ponzi scheme, profit maximization, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, Ronald Reagan, too big to fail, trickle-down economics, wage slave, women in the workforce, Works Progress Administration

Essays, by Wallace Shawn “Full of what you might call conversation starters: tricky propositions about morality . . . politics, privilege, runaway nationalist fantasies, collective guilt, and art as a force for change (or not). . . . It’s a treat to hear him speak his curious mind.” —O Magazine Howard Zinn Speaks: Collected Speeches 1963 to 2009, by Howard Zinn, edited by Anthony Arnove “Howard Zinn—there was no one like him. And to hear him speak was like listening to music that you loved—lyrical, uplifting, honest.” —Michael Moore Ours to Master and to Own: Workers' Control from the Commune to the Present, by Immanuel Ness and Dario Azzellini “Ness and Azzellini have made a major contribution in producing this insightful and exciting collection of essays on the question of workers’ control . . . it is timely and offers great strategic insight.”

What We Say Goes: Conversations on U.S. Power in a Changing World by Noam Chomsky, David Barsamian

banking crisis, British Empire, Doomsday Clock, failed state, feminist movement, Howard Zinn, informal economy, liberation theology, mass immigration, microcredit, Mikhail Gorbachev, Monroe Doctrine, oil shale / tar sands, operational security, peak oil, RAND corporation, Ronald Reagan, Seymour Hersh, Thomas L Friedman, union organizing, Upton Sinclair, uranium enrichment, Washington Consensus

See also Friel and Falk, Israel-Palestine on the Record: How the New York Times Misreports Conflict in the Middle East (New York: Verso, 2007). 6 Falk and Friel, Record of the Paper, p. 15. 7 Martin Luther King Jr., “Beyond Vietnam,” in Voices of a People’s History of the United States, ed. Howard Zinn and Anthony Arnove (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2004), p. 423. 8 Howard Zinn, “The Problem Is Civil Obedience,” in ibid., pp. 483–84. 9 See, for example, editorial, “Dr. King’s Error,” New York Times, 7 April 1967, written three days after King’s “Beyond Vietnam” speech. 2. LEBANON AND THE CRISIS IN THE MIDDLE EAST 1 Greg Myre and Steven Erlanger, “Clashes Spread to Lebanon as Hezbollah Raids Israel,” New York Times, 13 July 2006. 2 Alec Russell, “Bush Lays the Blame on Hizbollah Aggression,” Daily Telegraph (London), 14 July 2006. 3 See, among other reports, Human Rights Watch, “Release All Fifteen Lebanese Hostages,” 18 April 2000, online at http://hrw.org/english/docs/2000/04/18/isrlpa486.htm. 4 Kerem Shalom, “2 Israeli Troops Killed in Attack,” Los Angeles Times, 26 June 2006. 5 United Nations, “Statement on Gaza by United Nations Humanitarian Agencies Working in the Occupied Palestinian Territory,” media release, 3 August 2006; United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Humanitarian Monitor: Occupied Palestinian Territory, no. 2 (June 2006). 6 On June 24, 2006, Osama and Mustafa Abu Muamar were abducted by the Israel Defense Forces in Al Shouka, near Rafah.

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It’s obviously true in the United States. But was the United States “at war” in 1967? King suggests it was. It’s an odd sense of being at war. The United States was attacking another country—in fact, it was attacking all of Indochina—but had not been attacked by anybody. So what’s the war? It was just plain, outright aggression. Howard Zinn, in his speech “The Problem Is Civil Obedience,” says civil disobedience is “not our problem … . Our problem is civil obedience,” people taking orders and not questioning. How do we confront that?8 Howard is quite right. Obedience and subordination to power are the major problem, not just here but everywhere.

Noam Chomsky: A Life of Dissent by Robert F. Barsky

Albert Einstein, anti-communist, centre right, feminist movement, Herbert Marcuse, Howard Zinn, information retrieval, language acquisition, machine translation, means of production, military-industrial complex, Murray Bookchin, Norman Mailer, profit motive, public intellectual, Ralph Nader, Ronald Reagan, strong AI, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, theory of mind, Yom Kippur War

This book is therefore filled with names of organizations, publications, and individual thinkers that have not been adequately discussed in relation to Chomsky's political work: the organizations include the left wing of Avukah, Black Power, the Council Communists, Freie Arbeiter Stimme, Hashomer Hatzair, the Independent Labor Party, the International Confederation for Disarmament and Peace (ICDP), the League for ArabJewish Cooperation, the League for Arab-Jewish Rapprochement, the Marlenites, Resist, workers' control; among the journals I mention are International Council Correspondence, Living Marxism, Avukah Student Action, and Politics; and some of the individuals I look at are Chomsky contemporaries Yehoshua Bar-Hillel, Ken Coates, David Dellinger, Peggy Duff, Mitchell Goodman, Zellig Harris, Edward file:///D|/export1/www.netlibrary.com/nlreader/nlreader.dll@bookid=9296&filename=page_6.html [4/16/2007 2:28:52 PM] Document Page 7 S. Herman, Jim Kelman, Denise Levertov, Robert Lowell, Norman Mailer, Paul Mattick, Raymond Williams, and Howard Zinn, to name but a few. While the work of another set of Chomsky contemporariesSam Abramovitch, Norman Epstein (whom Chomsky met fifteen years ago for the first time), Karl Korsch, Christopher Lasch, Dwight Macdonald (with whom Chomsky had contact in the 1960s), Seymour Melman (with whom Chomsky had casual contact early on, and who became a close friend), Karl Polanyi, and Arthur Rosenberghad no direct impact upon Chomsky's endeavors, it does provide some important insight into his thinking, and is therefore explored here.

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I've always read it, and sometimes find interesting thingsmuch more so in the 1950s, before Howe's bitter resentment of the student movement and the New Left for failing to pay enough attention to him, and the post-1967 switch to unthinking Zionist commitments (largely as a weapon against the New Left, it seems), which changed the character of the journal quite sharply, as you can tell by reading it (try to find something about Israel or Zionism pre-1967, for example). (14 Aug. 1995) The Example of Peggy Duff The activist community Chomsky entered during this period was vast and loosely knit. Many have attempted to draw a portrait of this milieuDavid Dellinger and Howard Zinn have each written about it. Here, however, with the aim of exemplifying what Chomsky considers to be useful activist work, I've chosen to focus on one important individual: Peggy Duff. Chomsky's own lists of key activists generally contain names that are rarely mentioned beyond certain small circles.

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Unlike (say) Irving Howe, Duff was not relied upon by the popular media for commentary on current events; she is not mentioned in mainstream history books; and her work has been played down or ignored. The mainstream historical record of the late 1960s, like that of virtually any period, contains very few references to really important activist work. The prevalence of this kind of willful ignorance is another leitmotif for Chomsky. If it weren't for Howard Zinn and a few others, few (apart from actual participants) would even know about the SNCC, the leading element in the civil rights movement. Similarly, the truth about the Black Panthers is not, and never will be, made known, I suppose. Resist was supporting elements of the Panthers from very early on, discriminating quite carefully between the serious organizers (like Fred Hampton) and the criminal elements and hustlers. (31 Mar. 1995) Of course, resistance has a priceas Mailer, Spock, and Coffin, among so many others, learned during this eraand people such as Black Panther Fred Hampton ended up by paying with their lives.

Rethinking Camelot by Noam Chomsky

anti-communist, Berlin Wall, cuban missile crisis, Fall of the Berlin Wall, fear of failure, Howard Zinn, land reform, military-industrial complex, Monroe Doctrine, Norman Mailer, Paul Samuelson, Ronald Reagan

In contrast, withdrawal without victory would have been highly controversial. Within the domestic mainstream, that position received scant support: the first timid editorial advocacy of it, to my knowledge, was in late 1969, well after corporate and political elites had determined that the operation should be liquidated as too costly. When Howard Zinn published a book in 1967 calling for US withdrawal, the idea was considered too outlandish even to discuss.43 The question to be considered, then, is whether JFK, despite his 1961-1962 escalation and his militant public stand, planned to withdraw without victory, a plan aborted by the assassination, which cleared the way for Lyndon Johnson and his fellow-warmongers to bring on a major war. 6.

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Hilsman, To Move a Nation, 580, 537, 411. 5. Ibid., 531n., 536f., 510f. 6. Ibid., 527ff. FRUSV-64, 179-82. 7. Schlesinger, Bitter Heritage; see APNM, ch. 4. On the PR function of staged elections in Vietnam and elsewhere, see Herman and Brodhead, Demonstration Elections; MC, ch. 3. 8. Schlesinger, RFK, 734, 739. 9. See FRS, 25. 10. Howard Zinn and I were the applicants; the chapter was Arlington, near Cambridge. The details are not without interest. 11. On media coverage of the war from the early 1950s through 1985, see MC, 169-296 and App. 3. 12. Lewis and others, see MC, 170f. Kann, WSJ, Sept. 9, 1992. Michael Elliott, BG, Oct. 27, 1991.

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Deterring Democracy (Verso, 1991; updated edition, Hill &Wang, 1992) [DO] ———. Year 501 (South End Press, 1993) [501] ———. Letters from Lexington: Reflections on Propaganda (Common Courage, 1993) [LL] ———, and Edward Herman. Political Economy of Human Rights (South End Press, 1979) [PEHR] ———, and Howard Zinn, eds. Pentagon Papers, vol. 5, Analytic Essays and Index (Beacon Press, 1972) [PP V] Cooper, Chester. The Lost Crusade (Dodd, Mead, 1970) Cumings, Bruce. The Origins of the Korean War, vol. II (Princeton, 1990) Drinnon, Richard. Facing West: The Metaphysics of Indian-Hating and Empire-Building (Minnesota, 1980) Du Boff, Richard.

Propaganda and the Public Mind by Noam Chomsky, David Barsamian

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, AOL-Time Warner, Asian financial crisis, Bretton Woods, business cycle, capital controls, deindustrialization, digital divide, European colonialism, experimental subject, Howard Zinn, Hyman Minsky, interchangeable parts, language acquisition, liberation theology, Martin Wolf, one-state solution, precautionary principle, public intellectual, Ralph Nader, RAND corporation, school vouchers, Silicon Valley, structural adjustment programs, Thomas L Friedman, Tobin tax, Washington Consensus

It has some of the qualities of Revelations, the Old Testament prophets and Blake.” —Times Literary Supplement “Noam Chomsky is like a medic attempting to cure a national epidemic of selective amnesia.” —Village Voice Praise for David Barsamian “David Barsamian is the Studs Terkel of our generation.” —Howard Zinn, author, A People’s History of the United States “In conversation [with David Barsamian], Chomsky is more relaxed, tentative, and discursive than he is in his books or his public speaking engagements.” —Vancouver Sun Copyright ©2001 by Noam Chomsky and David Barsamian. First published in 2001 by South End Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts This edition published in 2015 by Haymarket Books P.O.

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And there may well be. One could think about that. Iraqi opposition groups have made proposals. They should be considered. Whether they should be implemented or not is a decision. But the assumption right off that we have to “go in” and “do something” should be questioned. Who gave us that right? You, Edward Said, Howard Zinn, and Ed Herman recently issued a statement on Iraq.21 You say, “The time has come for a call to action to people of conscience.... [W]e must organize and make this issue a priority, just as Americans organized to stop the war in Vietnam....We need a national campaign to lift the sanctions.” I know you’re not against sanctions in all instances, for example, you cite South Africa as quite a separate case.

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Herman, and Herbert I. Schiller, Hope and Folly: The Unitd States and Unesco, 1945-1985 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989). 20. Serge Schmemann, “The Critics Now Ask: After Missiles, What?” New York Times, December 18, 1998, p. A23. 21. Noam Chomsky, Edward S. Herman, Edward Said, and Howard Zinn, “A Call to Action on Sanctions and the U.S. War Against the People of Iraq.” On-line at http:/ /www.zmag.org/CrisesCurEvts/Iraq /callaction.htm. See also, Noam Chomsky et al., “Sanctions Are a Weapon of Mass Destruction,” in Arnove ed., Iraq Under Siege, pp. 1 81-3. Initial Statement drafted by Robert Jensen. 22.

The Rich and the Rest of Us by Tavis Smiley

"there is no alternative" (TINA), affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, An Inconvenient Truth, back-to-the-land, benefit corporation, Bernie Madoff, Bernie Sanders, Buckminster Fuller, Corrections Corporation of America, Credit Default Swap, death of newspapers, deindustrialization, ending welfare as we know it, F. W. de Klerk, fixed income, full employment, housing crisis, Howard Zinn, income inequality, job automation, liberation theology, Mahatma Gandhi, mass incarceration, mega-rich, military-industrial complex, Nelson Mandela, new economy, obamacare, Occupy movement, plutocrats, profit motive, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Steve Jobs, traffic fines, trickle-down economics, War on Poverty, We are the 99%, white flight, women in the workforce, working poor

Europe was forced to concede its territory after a bloody eight-year war that seeded democracy and formed a core set of values that would continue to challenge and shape economic, political, and social life in America for centuries to come. What’s missing in most American history books is the extent to which this country amassed its riches from free, Black slave labor. In his book, A People’s History of the United States, 1492–Present (New York: Harper, 2003), professor, activist, and author Howard Zinn defines the cruelty of human bondage aggravated by “the frenzy for limitless profit that comes from capitalistic agriculture.”60 Academy Award–winning filmmaker, best-selling author, and social critic Michael Moore elaborated on this theme during the “Remaking America” symposium: “This is a nation founded on genocide and built on the backs of slaves,” Moore said.

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Divided Into ‘Haves,’ ‘Have-Nots,’” Gallup.com, December 15, 2011, retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/151556/Fewer-Americans-Divided-Haves-Nots.aspx/. 57 “45% Say Government Programs Increase Poverty in America,” Rasmussen Report, April 6, 2011, retrieved from http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/business/general_businesss/april_2011/45_say_government_programs_increase_poverty_in_america/. 58 “Bill O’Reilly, Tavis Smiley, and Cornel West Have Fiery Clash Over Wall Street, Poverty” (video), Roland Martin Reports, October 12, 2011, retrieved from http://rolandmartinreports.com/blog/2011/10/bill-oreilly-tavis-smiley-and-cornel-west-have-fiery-clash-over-wall-street-poverty-video/. 59 Bruce Watson, “It’s Official: Weath Gap Has Turned America Into a Seething Pit of Class Resentment,” Daily Finance.com/January 13, 2012, retrieved from http://www.dailyfinance.com/2012/01/13/its-official-wealth-gap-has-turned-america-into-a-seething-pit/. 60 Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States: 1492–Present (New York: Harper Perennial, 2003). 61 The Industrial Revolution, History.com, retrieved from http://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution and http://www.history.com/topics/child-labor/ 62 Andrew Gavin Marshall, Robber Barons, Revolution, and Social Control: The Century of Social Engineering, Part I, Global Research.ca, March 10, 2011, retrieved from http://globalresearch.ca/index.php?

Making the Future: The Unipolar Imperial Moment by Noam Chomsky

Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, Berlin Wall, Bretton Woods, British Empire, capital controls, collective bargaining, corporate governance, corporate personhood, creative destruction, deindustrialization, energy security, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial deregulation, Frank Gehry, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, Howard Zinn, Joseph Schumpeter, kremlinology, liberation theology, Long Term Capital Management, market fundamentalism, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, no-fly zone, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, precariat, public intellectual, RAND corporation, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Seymour Hersh, structural adjustment programs, The Great Moderation, too big to fail, uranium enrichment, Washington Consensus, WikiLeaks, working poor

The irony is that the seeds for future superpower conflict are being sown on an ecological preserve and island of peace. Occupy the Future October 31, 2011 This article is adapted from Noam Chomsky’s talk at the Occupy Boston encampment on Dewey Square on October 22, 2011. He spoke as part of the Howard Zinn Memorial Lecture Series held by Occupy Boston’s on-site Free University. Delivering a Howard Zinn lecture is a bittersweet experience for me. I can’t help but regret that he’s not here to take part in and invigorate a movement that would have been the dream of his life, and for which he laid a lot of the groundwork. The Occupy movements are exciting, inspiring.

Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist by Kate Raworth

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", 3D printing, Alan Greenspan, Alvin Toffler, Anthropocene, Asian financial crisis, bank run, basic income, battle of ideas, behavioural economics, benefit corporation, Berlin Wall, biodiversity loss, bitcoin, blockchain, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, Buckminster Fuller, business cycle, call centre, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon tax, Cass Sunstein, choice architecture, circular economy, clean water, cognitive bias, collapse of Lehman Brothers, complexity theory, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, degrowth, dematerialisation, disruptive innovation, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Easter island, en.wikipedia.org, energy transition, Erik Brynjolfsson, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, experimental economics, Exxon Valdez, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial deregulation, Financial Instability Hypothesis, full employment, Future Shock, Garrett Hardin, Glass-Steagall Act, global supply chain, global village, Henri Poincaré, hiring and firing, Howard Zinn, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invention of writing, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, it is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends on his not understanding it, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Rogoff, Kickstarter, land reform, land value tax, Landlord’s Game, loss aversion, low interest rates, low skilled workers, M-Pesa, Mahatma Gandhi, market fundamentalism, Martin Wolf, means of production, megacity, Minsky moment, mobile money, Money creation, Mont Pelerin Society, Myron Scholes, neoliberal agenda, Network effects, Occupy movement, ocean acidification, off grid, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, out of africa, Paul Samuelson, peer-to-peer, planetary scale, price mechanism, quantitative easing, randomized controlled trial, retail therapy, Richard Thaler, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Second Machine Age, secular stagnation, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, smart cities, smart meter, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, South Sea Bubble, statistical model, Steve Ballmer, systems thinking, TED Talk, The Chicago School, The Great Moderation, the map is not the territory, the market place, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, Torches of Freedom, Tragedy of the Commons, trickle-down economics, ultimatum game, universal basic income, Upton Sinclair, Vilfredo Pareto, wikimedia commons

Putnam, R. (2000) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster, p. 19. 26. Putnam, R. (2000) Bowling Alone, p. 290. 27. ‘Election day will not be enough’: an interview with Howard Zinn, by Lee, J. and Tarleton, J. The Indypendent, 14 November 2008, available at: http://howardzinn.org/election-day-will-not-be-enough-an-interview-with-howard-zinn/ 28. Marçal, K. (2015) Who Cooked Adam Smith’s Dinner? London: Portobello. 29. Folbre, N. (1994) Who Pays for the Kids? London: Routledge. 30. Coote, A. and Goodwin,. N. (2010) The Great Transition: Social Justice and the Core Economy. nef working paper 1.

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A thriving society, in addition, is more likely to build strong political engagement, starting with community meetings, grassroots organising, voting in elections, and joining social and political movements that hold political representatives to account. ‘Significant changes occur when social movements reach a critical point of power capable of moving cautious politicians beyond their tendency to keep things as they are,’ writes the American historian Howard Zinn, pointing to his own country’s nineteenth-century anti-slavery movement and twentieth-century civil rights movement.27 Democratic governance of society and the economy rests on the right and capacity of citizens to engage in public debate – hence the importance of ‘political voice’ within the Doughnut’s social foundation.

How the World Works by Noam Chomsky, Arthur Naiman, David Barsamian

"World Economic Forum" Davos, affirmative action, anti-communist, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business climate, capital controls, clean water, corporate governance, deindustrialization, disinformation, Fall of the Berlin Wall, feminist movement, glass ceiling, heat death of the universe, Howard Zinn, income inequality, interchangeable parts, Isaac Newton, joint-stock company, land reform, liberation theology, military-industrial complex, Monroe Doctrine, Nixon triggered the end of the Bretton Woods system, offshore financial centre, plutocrats, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, single-payer health, strikebreaker, Telecommunications Act of 1996, transfer pricing, union organizing, War on Poverty, working poor

Business Week reported that working days lost to injury almost doubled from 1983 to 1986, in part because “under Reagan and [Vice-President] Bush, [OSHA] was a hands-off agency.” The same is true of the environmental issues—toxic waste disposal, say. Sure, they’re killing people, but is it criminal? Well, it should be. Howard Zinn and I visited a brand-new maximum-security federal prison in Florence, Colorado. The lobby has high ceilings, tile floors, glass everywhere. Around the same time, I read that New York City schools are so overcrowded that students are meeting in cafeterias, gyms and locker rooms. I found that quite a juxtaposition.

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You’ve always seen top-down strategies and movements as inherently doomed. They can succeed very well at exactly what they’re designed to do—maintain top-down leadership, control and authority. It shouldn’t have come as a tremendous surprise to anyone that a vanguard party would end up running a totalitarian state. Howard Zinn suggests that we need to recognize that real social change takes time. We need to be long-distance runners, not sprinters. What do you think of that? He’s right. It was very striking in parts of the student movement in the 1960s. There wasn’t an organized, well-established, popular-based left for the students to join, so their leaders were sometimes very young people.

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Manufacturing dissent Michael Moore made a documentary film called Roger and Me and produced a television series called TV Nation. In his book Downsize This!, he says that what turns people off about the left is that it’s boring, it whines too much, it’s too negative. Anything to that? I don’t think Howard Zinn, say, whines too much and turns people off, but there are probably other people who do. To the extent that that’s true, it’s a problem they should overcome. Take the example of the media group in Brazil we discussed earlier, which presented television skits that turned people off because they were boring and full of jargon.

Undoing Border Imperialism by Harsha Walia

Corrections Corporation of America, critical race theory, degrowth, emotional labour, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, imposter syndrome, informal economy, Internet Archive, mass incarceration, means of production, Mohammed Bouazizi, moral panic, Naomi Klein, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, public intellectual, race to the bottom, Scramble for Africa, Silicon Valley, structural adjustment programs, telemarketer, women in the workforce

Movements that orient themselves toward decolonization—through structural analysis and action as well as by rectifying our relations with one another and in particular with Indigenous communities and lands—are transformative, healing, and revolutionary. Ultimately, such decolonizing movements are sustainable and sustain us precisely because they provide meaning and purpose to those in the struggle. Celebrated historian Howard Zinn reminds us, “The reward for participating in a movement for social justice is not the prospect of future victory. It is the exhilaration of standing together with other people, taking risks together, enjoying small triumphs and enduring disheartening setbacks together.”(36) For me, NOII has been one such decolonizing movement.

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Paula Gunn Allen, The Sacred Hoop: Recovering the Feminine in American Indian Traditions (Boston: Beacon Press, 1992), 190. 34. Mia McKenzie, “The Summer We Got Free,” Mia McKenzie, http://miamckenzie.net/the-summer-we-got-free/ (accessed March 6, 2013). 35. Quoted in Colin Ward, Anarchy in Action (London: Freedom Press, 1973), 23. 36. Howard Zinn, You Can’t Be Neutral on a Moving Train: A Personal History of Our Times (Boston: Beacon Press, 1994), 83. Credits for Anarchist Interventions Harsha Walia Harsha is a South Asian activist, writer, and popular educator who has been active in migrant justice, antiracist, feminist, Indigenous solidarity, Palestinian liberation, anti-imperialist, and anticapitalist movements and communities for over a decade.

Chomsky on Mis-Education by Noam Chomsky

Alan Greenspan, American ideology, classic study, deindustrialization, deskilling, disinformation, dual-use technology, Howard Zinn, invisible hand, Korean Air Lines Flight 007, means of production, military-industrial complex, public intellectual, Ronald Reagan, strikebreaker, union organizing, W. E. B. Du Bois, Washington Consensus

Teachers who are paid to safeguard the ideological doctrinal system have little interest or incentive to teach students that the United States has systematically violated the Pledge of Allegiance, from the legalization of slavery, the denial of women’s rights, and the near-genocide of Native Americans to the contemporary discriminatory practices against people who, by virtue of their race, ethnicity, or gender, are not treated with the dignity and respect called for in the Pledge. These teachers also have little incentive to teach Howard Zinn’s People’s History of the United States, from which students could learn that, once upon a time, the Massachusetts legislature promulgated a law that provided monetary rewards for dead Indians: “For every scalp of a male Indian brought in . . . forty pounds. For every scalp of such female Indian or male Indian under the age of twelve years that shall be killed . . . twenty pounds.”21 They also have little interest in teaching students that even antislavery President Abraham Lincoln did not truly uphold the U.S.

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Loewen, Lies My Teacher Told Me. 19. Pink Floyd, “Another Brick in the Wall,” copyright 1979 Pink Floyd Music Limited. 20. Barbara Flores, “Language Interference on Influence: Toward a Theory for Hispanic Bilingualism” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Arizona at Tuscon, 1982), 131. 21. Cited in Howard Zinn, Declarations of Independence: Now Examining American Ideology (New York: HarperCollins, 1990), 234-35. 22. Zinn, Declarations of Independence. 23. Cited in Noam Chomsky, Towards a New Cold War (New York: Pantheon, 1982), 339-40. 24. Chomsky, Towards a New Cold War. 25. Cited in Paulo Freire and Donaldo Macedo, Literacy: Reading the Word and the World (South Hadley, Mass.: Bergin & Garvey, 1987), 130. 26.

Operation Chaos: The Vietnam Deserters Who Fought the CIA, the Brainwashers, and Themselves by Matthew Sweet

Berlin Wall, British Empire, centre right, computer age, disinformation, Donald Trump, energy security, Fall of the Berlin Wall, false flag, game design, Haight Ashbury, Herbert Marcuse, hiring and firing, Howard Zinn, Kickstarter, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, planetary scale, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Feynman, Ronald Reagan, Saturday Night Live, Seymour Hersh, Skype, South China Sea, Stanford prison experiment, Strategic Defense Initiative, Thomas Malthus, Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, WikiLeaks, Yogi Berra, éminence grise

Published reviews went into HYDRA’s maw: Report to the President by the Commission on CIA Activities Within the United States, June 1975, https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/LIBRARY/exhibits/Intelligence/RockComm_Chap11_CHAOS.pdf. “the extremist anti-war movement”: Briefing Papers, Special Operations Group, Counter Intelligence Staff, June 1, 1972, MuckRock, https://cdn.muckrock.com/foia_files/2016/05/16/CHAOS.pdf. an FBI tap installed on the phone of Howard Zinn: Howard Zinn, FBI file 100-360217, https://vault.fbi.gov/Howard%20Zinn%20. a colorful intermediary named Brian Victoria: Associated Press, “Anti-U.S. Rioting in Japan,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, October 22, 1968. “misguided youngsters gone astray in a foreign land”: CIA file 104-10064-10013, memo from Thomas Karamessines, CIA deputy director of plans, October 1, 1968, http://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?

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These were American agents living undercover among American subversives abroad. How many of them, I wondered, had I already taken out to lunch? * * * THE CIA WAS on the deserters’ case right from the beginning, before the Intrepid Four had even left Japan. It was receiving information from an FBI tap installed on the phone of Howard Zinn, a Boston University historian and vigorous anti-war campaigner. When a member of Beheiren called Zinn to discuss the fate of the four sailors, someone pressed play and record. Through this surveillance, the CIA learned that Ernest P. Young, a history professor at Dartmouth College, had agreed to travel to Tokyo in order to check out the deserters on behalf of the U.S. peace movement.

The Hour of Fate by Susan Berfield

bank run, buy and hold, capital controls, collective bargaining, company town, Cornelius Vanderbilt, death from overwork, friendly fire, Howard Zinn, Ida Tarbell, income inequality, new economy, plutocrats, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Simon Kuznets, strikebreaker, the market place, transcontinental railway, wage slave, working poor

Conductor Arthur Lindsley: “Conductor Arthur Lindsley,” Mower County Transcript, April 3, 1873, 1. 29. Fireman R. Brown: “Fireman and Brakeman Killed,” Star Tribune, July 18, 1873, 4 30. Amandas Hagerty: “A Man Killed,” Carbon Advocate, November 29, 1873. 31. “within the parallels”: Ellis Paxon Oberholtzer, Jay Cooke, 313. 32. Two hundred or so: Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States, 243; “Wreck of the Metropolis,” New York Tribune, February 1, 1878, 1; “Other Accounts of the Wreck,” New York Times, February 1, 1878, 1; “The Feeling at Philadelphia,” New York Times, February 2, 1878, 1. 33. “Bread is”: James Dabney McCabe, The History of the Great Riots, 1877, 202. 34.

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“Heed the voice”: Details about Coxey’s March from Jack Kelly, The Edge of Anarchy, 29–31; Lucy Barber, Marching on Washington: The Forging of an American Tradition (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2004), 33, 36. 40. More than eight thousand: Details about the company town from Richard Ely, “Pullman: A Social Study,” Harper’s Weekly (February 1885): 452–66. 41. More than two hundred thousand: Details from Kelly, Edge of Anarchy, 109, 123. 42. Simmering violence: Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States, 281. 43. “Put forth its efforts”: Eugene V. Debs, “Proclamation to American Railway Union,” June 1, 1895 in Debs: His Life, Writing and Speeches, 292. 44. Among the lines: Details of Morgan’s reorganization efforts from Ron Chernow, The House of Morgan, 66–69. 45.

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Sixteen of them: Details of the flood’s aftermath from David McCullough, The Johnstown Flood (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1968), 258, 264. 33. Early in the summer: Account of the Homestead strike, and Knox’s role in particular, from Paul Krause, The Battle for Homestead, 1880–1892, 3, 26–37, 310; Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States, 277, David Nasaw, Andrew Carnegie, 428–48. 34. Gatling guns: Official Documents, Comprising the Department and Other Reports Made to the Governor, Senate and House of Representatives of Pennsylvania, 1892, 116–17. 35. On July 23: Details from Paul Avrich and Karen Avrich, Sasha and Emma: The Anarchist Odyssey of Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2012), 65–67. 36.

Meltdown: How Greed and Corruption Shattered Our Financial System and How We Can Recover by Katrina Vanden Heuvel, William Greider

Alan Greenspan, Asian financial crisis, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, Bretton Woods, business cycle, buy and hold, capital controls, carried interest, central bank independence, centre right, collateralized debt obligation, conceptual framework, corporate governance, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, declining real wages, deindustrialization, Exxon Valdez, falling living standards, financial deregulation, financial innovation, Financial Instability Hypothesis, fixed income, floating exchange rates, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, green new deal, guns versus butter model, housing crisis, Howard Zinn, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, information asymmetry, It's morning again in America, John Meriwether, junk bonds, kremlinology, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, margin call, market bubble, market fundamentalism, McMansion, Michael Milken, Minsky moment, money market fund, mortgage debt, Naomi Klein, new economy, Nixon triggered the end of the Bretton Woods system, offshore financial centre, payday loans, pets.com, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, price stability, pushing on a string, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, rent control, Robert Shiller, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, savings glut, sovereign wealth fund, structural adjustment programs, subprime mortgage crisis, The Great Moderation, too big to fail, trade liberalization, transcontinental railway, trickle-down economics, union organizing, wage slave, Washington Consensus, women in the workforce, working poor, Y2K

Stiglitiz 191 View from Asia by Walden Bello 196 Born-Again Democracy by William Greider 199 The Suicide Solution by Barbara Ehrenreich 207 The Great Depression II by Nicholas von Hoffman 210 We’re All Minskyites Now by Robert Pollin 213 The Bailout: Bush’s Final Pillage by Naomi Klein 217 Part Four: The Road to Recovery How to Fix Our Broken Economy by Jeffrey Madrick 225 Ending Plutocracy: A 12-Step Program by Sarah Anderson and Sam Pizzigati 234 Trust but Verify by James K. Galbraith and William K. Black 244 King George and Comrade Paulson by Ralph Nader 247 A Big Government Bailout by Howard Zinn 249 Water the Roots by Rev. Jesse L. Jackson 253 America Needs a New New Deal by Katrina vanden Heuvel and Eric Schlosser 255 What Do We Want? An Emergency Town Hall Featuring William Greider, Francis Fox Piven, Doug Henwood, Arun Gupta and Naomi Klein. Moderated by Christopher Hayes 260 The Global Perspective by Will Hutton 270 How to End the Recession by Robert Pollin 287 In Praise of a Rocky Transition by Naomi Klein 297 Acknowledgments 301 List of Contributors 303 Preface The year 2008 will live in infamy in the annals of American economic history.

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Her articles have appeared in the Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, the New York Times and the Boston Globe. Kai Wright, a writer in Brooklyn, New York, is the author of Drifting Toward Love: Black, Brown, Gay and Coming of Age on the Streets of New York. He is a columnist for TheRoot.com. Howard Zinn is the author of A People’s History of the United States, A Power Governments Cannot Suppress and most recently, A People’s History of American Empire. Meltdown.qxd 11/21/08 1:20 PM Page 311 Document Outline Contents Preface Introduction Part One: Seeds of Disaster Wall Street and Washington: How the Rules of the Game Have Changed The Looting Decade (Excerpt) Democratize the Fed?

Death of the Liberal Class by Chris Hedges

1960s counterculture, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, Berlin Wall, call centre, clean water, collective bargaining, Columbine, corporate governance, deindustrialization, desegregation, disinformation, Donald Trump, Fall of the Berlin Wall, food desert, Henry Ford's grandson gave labor union leader Walter Reuther a tour of the company’s new, automated factory…, hive mind, housing crisis, Howard Zinn, Ida Tarbell, illegal immigration, independent contractor, Jane Jacobs, Jaron Lanier, Lao Tzu, Lewis Mumford, military-industrial complex, Murray Bookchin, Pearl River Delta, Plato's cave, post scarcity, power law, profit motive, public intellectual, Ralph Nader, Ronald Reagan, strikebreaker, the long tail, the scientific method, The Wisdom of Crowds, Tobin tax, union organizing, Unsafe at Any Speed, Upton Sinclair, W. E. B. Du Bois, WikiLeaks, working poor, Works Progress Administration

By contrast, as long as illegalities and violations of democratic substance are confined to marginal groups or dissident victims of U.S. military attack, or result in a diffused cost imposed on the general population, media opposition is muted and absent altogether. This is why Nixon could go so far, lulled into a false sense of security precisely because the watchdog only barked when he began to threaten the privileged.25 Howard Zinn in the People’s History of the United States examined history through the eyes of Native Americans, immigrants, slaves, women, union leaders, persecuted socialists, anarchists and communists, abolitionists, antiwar activists, civil rights leaders, and the poor. Zinn’s work has been castigated by many academic historians, largely because he broke with the mold of writing about the great and the powerful.

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Matthew Grell, on February 22, 1952, told agents that she considered Zinn and another neighbor, Mrs. Julius Scheiman, “to be either communists or communist sympathizers” because, the agents wrote, Grell “had observed copies of the Daily Workers in Mrs. Scheiman’s apartment and noted that Mrs. Scheiman was a good friend of Howard Zinn.” The FBI, which describes Zinn as a former member of the Communist Party, something Zinn repeatedly denied, appears to have picked up its surveillance when Zinn, who was teaching at Spelman, a historically black women’s college, became involved in the civil rights movement. Zinn served on the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.

No Such Thing as a Free Gift: The Gates Foundation and the Price of Philanthropy by Linsey McGoey

"World Economic Forum" Davos, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, agricultural Revolution, American Legislative Exchange Council, Bear Stearns, bitcoin, Bob Geldof, cashless society, clean water, cognitive dissonance, collapse of Lehman Brothers, colonial rule, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, crony capitalism, effective altruism, Etonian, Evgeny Morozov, financial innovation, Food sovereignty, Ford paid five dollars a day, germ theory of disease, hiring and firing, Howard Zinn, Ida Tarbell, impact investing, income inequality, income per capita, invisible hand, Jane Jacobs, John Elkington, Joseph Schumpeter, Leo Hollis, liquidationism / Banker’s doctrine / the Treasury view, M-Pesa, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, meta-analysis, Michael Milken, microcredit, Mitch Kapor, Mont Pelerin Society, Naomi Klein, Neil Armstrong, obamacare, Peter Singer: altruism, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, price mechanism, profit motive, public intellectual, Ralph Waldo Emerson, rent-seeking, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, school choice, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Silicon Valley, Slavoj Žižek, Steve Jobs, strikebreaker, subprime mortgage crisis, tacit knowledge, technological solutionism, TED Talk, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, trickle-down economics, urban planning, W. E. B. Du Bois, wealth creators

The worthy were those who would avail themselves of ‘free libraries, parks, and means of recreation, by which men are helped in body and mind’.26 Carnegie’s business empire expanded by cultivating useful political allies and alliances with fellow industrialists, including Frick, who Carnegie took on as a business partner in 1882. Over the next decade, they honed labour policies that were fiercely resisted by their workers. American labourers were sceptical of the idea that the growing wealth of business magnates would inevitably enrich their own lives. In 1892, as Howard Zinn describes, a wave of strikes ignited across the US: a general strike in New Orleans; a coal miners’ strike in Tennessee; a copper miners’ strike in Coeur d’Alene, Idaho. The strikes were often bloody affairs: the conflict in Coeur d’Alene resulted in five dead and sixteen in hospital.27 The Homestead strike began early in the summer months of 1892 and lasted until the air grew chill.

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., Age of Icons: Exploring Philanthrocapitalism in the Contemporary World (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2013); Robin Rogers, ‘Why Philanthro-policymaking Matters,’ Society, vol. 48, 376–81; and Iain Hay and Samantha Muller, ‘Questioning Generosity In The Golden Age of Philanthropy: Towards Critical Geographies of Super-philanthropy’, Progress in Human Geography, vol. 38, no. 5 (2014), 635–53. 13Email interview with author. 14The description of Frick’s three-mile fence comes from Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States (New York: Harper Perennial, 1980); see also David Nasaw, Andrew Carnegie (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2007), and Kevin Phillips, Wealth and Democracy: A Political History of the American Rich (New York: Broadway Books, 2002). 15Nasaw, Andrew Carnegie, 456–7. 16Quoted by David Nasaw, ‘Introduction’, in Andrew Carnegie, The ‘Gospel of Wealth’ Essays and Other Writings (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1996), xiii. 17Ralph Waldo Emerson, Self-Reliance and Other Essays (New York: Digireads Books, 2013 [1841]), 31. 18Oscar Wilde, The Soul of Man Under Socialism and Other Essays (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2001 [1891]), 130.

The Unknowers: How Strategic Ignorance Rules the World by Linsey McGoey

Alan Greenspan, An Inconvenient Truth, anti-globalists, antiwork, battle of ideas, behavioural economics, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, Branko Milanovic, British Empire, Cambridge Analytica, carbon tax, Cass Sunstein, Clive Stafford Smith, conceptual framework, Corn Laws, corporate governance, corporate raider, Credit Default Swap, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, Donald Trump, drone strike, en.wikipedia.org, European colonialism, fake news, Frances Oldham Kelsey, hiring and firing, Howard Zinn, income inequality, it is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends on his not understanding it, joint-stock company, junk bonds, knowledge economy, market fundamentalism, mass incarceration, Michael Milken, minimum wage unemployment, Naomi Klein, new economy, Nick Leeson, p-value, Paul Samuelson, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, post-truth, public intellectual, race to the bottom, randomized controlled trial, rent-seeking, road to serfdom, Robert Mercer, Ronald Reagan, Scientific racism, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Social Justice Warrior, Steven Pinker, Suez crisis 1956, The Chicago School, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, union organizing, Upton Sinclair, W. E. B. Du Bois, Washington Consensus, wealth creators

Really, all that changed in the 1930s and 1940s was that the type of private citizen entitled to government welfare now included more members of the worker classes rather than simply the wealthy. And even the New Deal policies largely favoured only white Americans and not black citizens. Black Americans, as historian Howard Zinn points out, ‘were ignored by New Deal programs … as tenant farmers, as farm labourers, as migrants, as domestic workers, they didn’t qualify for unemployment insurance, minimum wages, social security or farm subsidies.’ Zinn adds that Franklin Roosevelt, to appease white politicians in the south, chose not to back a federal anti-lynching bill.6 It is not that commercial activity wasn’t widespread in early America or that industrialists were not pioneering new methods; indeed, industries were mushrooming so quickly that Alexis de Tocqueville, visiting the country in the 1830s, grew concerned by the aristocratic propensity of the new industrialists.

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New Political Economy, doi: 10.1080/13563467.2018.1458086. 5 C. Dunlavy, 1991. ‘Mirror images: Political structure and early railroad policy in the United States and Prussia.’ Studies in American Political Development 5: 1–35; C. Dunlavy and T. Welskopp, 2007. ‘Myths and peculiarities: Comparing US and German capitalism.’ GHI Bulletin 41, Autumn. 6 Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States (New York: Harper & Row, 1980), 394. 7 A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (New York: Perennial Classics, 1966 [1835]), 556–557. 8 Dunlavy and Welskopp, Myths and Peculiarities. 9 Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 685. 10 Ibid., 696. 11 Ibid., 684. 12 Ibid, 686. 13 Ibid, 686. 14 Ibid., 693. 15 Ibid., 698. 16 Ibid., 701. 17 For example, David Runciman, in an otherwise superb study of Tocqueville, ignores Tocqueville’s remarks about the corrosive effects of private industry on democratic governance.

Capitalism: A Ghost Story by Arundhati Roy

activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Bretton Woods, corporate governance, feminist movement, Frank Gehry, ghettoisation, Howard Zinn, informal economy, land bank, land reform, Mahatma Gandhi, means of production, megacity, microcredit, Nelson Mandela, neoliberal agenda, Occupy movement, RAND corporation, reserve currency, special economic zone, spectrum auction, stem cell, The Chicago School, Washington Consensus, WikiLeaks

Chapter 3 DEAD MEN TALKING On September 23, 2011, at about three o’clock in the morning, within hours of his arrival at the Delhi airport, the US radio-journalist David Barsamian was deported.1 This dangerous man, who produces independent, free-to-air programs for public radio, has been visiting India for forty years, doing dangerous things like learning Urdu and playing the sitar. He has published book-length interviews with Edward Said, Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, Ejaz Ahmed, and Tariq Ali. (He even makes an appearance as a young, bell-bottom-wearing interviewer in Peter Wintonik’s documentary film based on Chomsky and Edward S. Herman’s Manufacturing Consent.) On his more recent trips to India he has done a series of radio interviews with activists, academics, filmmakers, journalists, and writers (including me).

A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn

active measures, affirmative action, agricultural Revolution, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, American ideology, anti-communist, Bartolomé de las Casas, Bernie Sanders, British Empire, classic study, clean water, colonial rule, company town, Cornelius Vanderbilt, cotton gin, death from overwork, death of newspapers, desegregation, equal pay for equal work, feminist movement, friendly fire, full employment, God and Mammon, Herman Kahn, Howard Zinn, Ida Tarbell, illegal immigration, jobless men, land reform, Lewis Mumford, Mercator projection, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, minimum wage unemployment, Monroe Doctrine, new economy, New Urbanism, Norman Mailer, offshore financial centre, plutocrats, profit motive, Ralph Nader, Ralph Waldo Emerson, RAND corporation, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, Savings and loan crisis, scientific management, Seymour Hersh, Silicon Valley, strikebreaker, Telecommunications Act of 1996, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Timothy McVeigh, transcontinental railway, Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, union organizing, Upton Sinclair, very high income, W. E. B. Du Bois, War on Poverty, work culture , Works Progress Administration

., for the excerpt from “Brother Can You Spare a Dime?” Lyric by Jay Gomey, Music by E. Y. Harburg. © 1932 Warner Bros. Inc. Copyright Renewed. All Rights Reserved. Used By Permission. About the Author HOWARD ZINN is a historian, playwright, and social activist. He lives with his wife, painter Roslyn Zinn, in Auburndale, Massachusetts. Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins author. Other Books by Howard Zinn La Guardia in Congress 1959 The Southern Mystique 1964 SNCC: The New Abolitionists 1964 New Deal Thought (editor) 1965 Vietnam: The Logic of Withdrawal 1967 Disobedience and Democracy 1968 The Politics of History 1970 The Pentagon Papers: Critical Essays 1972 (editor, with Noam Chomsky) Postwar America 1973 Justice in Everyday Life (editor) 1974 Declarations of Independence: Cross-Examining American Ideology 1991 Failure to Quit: Reflections of an Optimistic Historian 1993 You Can’t Be Neutral on a Moving Train 1994 The Zinn Reader 1997 The Future of History 1999 Marx in Soho: A Play on History 1999 On War 2001 On History 2001 Terrorism and War 2002 Emma: A Play 2002 Copyright A PEOPLE’S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES.

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A PEOPLE’S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES 1492—PRESENT HOWARD ZINN To Noah, Georgia, Serena, Naushon, Will—and their generation Contents Cover Title Page Chapter 1 – Columbus, the Indians, and Human Progress Chapter 2 – Drawing the Color Line Chapter 3 – Persons of Mean and Vile Condition Chapter 4 – Tyranny Is Tyranny Chapter 5 – A Kind of Revolution Chapter 6 – The Intimately Oppressed Chapter 7 – As Long as Grass Grows or Water Runs Chapter 8 – We Take Nothing by Conquest, Thank God Chapter 9 – Slavery Without Submission, Emancipation Without Freedom Chapter 10 – The Other Civil War Chapter 11 – Robber Barons and Rebels Chapter 12 – The Empire and The People Chapter 13 – The Socialist Challenge Chapter 14 – War is the Health of the State Chapter 15 – Self-Help in Hard Times Chapter 16 – A People’s War?

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Chapter 21 – Carter-Reagan-Bush: The Bipartisan Consensus Chapter 22 – The Unreported Resistance Chapter 23 – The Coming Revolt of the Guards Chapter 24 – The Clinton Presidency Chapter 25 – The 2000 Election and the “War on Terrorism” Afterword Bibliography Index Acknowledgments About the Author Other Books by Howard Zinn Copyright About the Publisher Chapter 1 Columbus, the Indians, and Human Progress Arawak men and women, naked, tawny, and full of wonder, emerged from their villages onto the island’s beaches and swam out to get a closer look at the strange big boat. When Columbus and his sailors came ashore, carrying swords, speaking oddly, the Arawaks ran to greet them, brought them food, water, gifts.

Who Rules the World? by Noam Chomsky

Able Archer 83, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, anti-communist, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, Bretton Woods, British Empire, capital controls, classic study, corporate governance, corporate personhood, cuban missile crisis, deindustrialization, Donald Trump, Doomsday Clock, Edward Snowden, en.wikipedia.org, facts on the ground, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Garrett Hardin, high-speed rail, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, liberation theology, Malacca Straits, Martin Wolf, Mikhail Gorbachev, Monroe Doctrine, Nelson Mandela, nuclear winter, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, one-state solution, Plutonomy: Buying Luxury, Explaining Global Imbalances, precariat, public intellectual, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, South China Sea, Stanislav Petrov, Strategic Defense Initiative, structural adjustment programs, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, trade route, Tragedy of the Commons, union organizing, uranium enrichment, wage slave, WikiLeaks, working-age population

“‘Monster’ Greenhouse Gas Levels Seen,” Associated Press, 3 November 2011. 15. Noam Chomsky, Powers and Prospects (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2015), 220. 16. John W. Dower, “The Superdomino In and Out of the Pentagon Papers,” in The Pentagon Papers: The Senator Gravel Edition, Volume 5, eds. Noam Chomsky and Howard Zinn (Boston: Beacon Press, 1972), 101–42. 17. Seymour Topping, “Slaughter of Reds Gives Indonesia a Grim Legacy,” New York Times, 24 August 1966. 18. James Reston, “A Gleam of Light in Asia,” New York Times, 19 June 1966. 19. David Sanger, “Why Suharto Is In and Castro Is Out,” New York Times, 31 October 1995. 20.

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Published by Metropolitan Books, an imprint of Henry Holt and Company, its titles include Hegemony or Survival and Failed States by Noam Chomsky, The Limits of Power and Washington Rules by Andrew J. Bacevich, Blood and Oil by Michael T. Klare, Kill Anything That Moves by Nick Turse, A People’s History of American Empire by Howard Zinn, and Empire’s Workshop by Greg Grandin. For more information about the American Empire Project and for a list of forthcoming titles, please visit americanempireproject.com. Thank you for buying this Henry Holt and Company ebook. To receive special offers, bonus content, and info on new releases and other great reads, sign up for our newsletters.

Servant Economy: Where America's Elite Is Sending the Middle Class by Jeff Faux

air traffic controllers' union, Alan Greenspan, back-to-the-land, Bear Stearns, benefit corporation, Bernie Sanders, Black Swan, Bretton Woods, BRICs, British Empire, business cycle, call centre, centre right, classic study, cognitive dissonance, collateralized debt obligation, collective bargaining, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, crony capitalism, currency manipulation / currency intervention, David Brooks, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, disruptive innovation, falling living standards, financial deregulation, financial innovation, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, guns versus butter model, high-speed rail, hiring and firing, Howard Zinn, Hyman Minsky, illegal immigration, indoor plumbing, informal economy, invisible hand, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, junk bonds, Kevin Roose, Kickstarter, lake wobegon effect, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, market fundamentalism, Martin Wolf, McMansion, medical malpractice, Michael Milken, military-industrial complex, Minsky moment, mortgage debt, Myron Scholes, Naomi Klein, new economy, oil shock, old-boy network, open immigration, Paul Samuelson, plutocrats, price mechanism, price stability, private military company, public intellectual, radical decentralization, Ralph Nader, reserve currency, rising living standards, Robert Shiller, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, school vouchers, Silicon Valley, single-payer health, Solyndra, South China Sea, statistical model, Steve Jobs, Suez crisis 1956, Thomas L Friedman, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, trade route, Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, union organizing, upwardly mobile, urban renewal, War on Poverty, We are the 99%, working poor, Yogi Berra, Yom Kippur War, you are the product

In 1845, the country’s population was roughly twenty million people. Throughout the next ten years, approximately three million immigrants arrived. Most were stuffed into vastly overcrowded city slums, where they and their children suffered brutal working conditions and a life of squalor and disease. Howard Zinn, who told the story of the United States from the perspective of the poor and the working class, wrote, “In Philadelphia, working-class families lived fifty-five to a tenement, usually one room per family, with no garbage removal, no toilets, no fresh air or water. . . . In New York . . . filthy water drained into yards and alleys, into the cellars where the poorest of the poor lived, bringing with it a typhoid epidemic in 1837, typhus in 1842.

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Benjamin Franklin, “Observations concerning the Peopling of Countries, Philadelphia, 1751,” cited in Joseph Schaefer, “Was the West a Safety Valve for Labor?” Mississippi Historical Review 24, no. 3 (December 1937): 299–314. 3. Quoted in Schaefer, “Was the West a Safety Valve for Labor?,” 311. 4. Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States, rev. ed. (New York: HarperPerennial, 1995), 213. 5. Ibid., 222. 6. Quoted in ibid., 276. 7. Stuart Bruchey, Enterprise: The Dynamic Economy of a Free People (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990), 270. 8. Mario Cuomo, Keynote Address to the Democratic Convention, San Francisco, CA, July 16, 1984, http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mariocuomo1984dnc.htm. 9.

Nuclear War and Environmental Catastrophe by Noam Chomsky, Laray Polk

Alan Greenspan, American Legislative Exchange Council, British Empire, cuban missile crisis, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, energy security, Higgs boson, Howard Zinn, interchangeable parts, invisible hand, Kwajalein Atoll, language acquisition, Malacca Straits, military-industrial complex, mutually assured destruction, Naomi Klein, nuclear ambiguity, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, public intellectual, Ralph Nader, Ronald Reagan, South China Sea, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, trade route, University of East Anglia, uranium enrichment, WikiLeaks

Butler, Ani DiFranco, Assia Djebar, Ariel Dorfman, Coco Fusco, Barry Gifford, Martha Long, Luis Negrón, Hwang Sok-yong, Lee Stringer, and Kurt Vonnegut, to name a few, together with political titles by voices of conscience, including Subhankar Banerjee, the Boston Women’s Health Collective, Noam Chomsky, Angela Y. Davis, Human Rights Watch, Derrick Jensen, Ralph Nader, Loretta Napoleoni, Gary Null, Greg Palast, Project Censored, Barbara Seaman, Alice Walker, Gary Webb, and Howard Zinn, among many others. Seven Stories Press believes publishers have a special responsibility to defend free speech and human rights, and to celebrate the gifts of the human imagination, wherever we can. In 2012 we launched Triangle Square books for young readers with strong social justice and narrative components, telling personal stories of courage and commitment.

Who’s Raising the Kids?: Big Tech, Big Business, and the Lives of Children by Susan Linn

Albert Einstein, algorithmic bias, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, augmented reality, benefit corporation, Big Tech, big-box store, BIPOC, Black Lives Matter, British Empire, cashless society, clean water, coronavirus, COVID-19, delayed gratification, digital divide, digital rights, disinformation, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, fake news, gamification, George Floyd, Howard Zinn, impulse control, Internet of things, Isaac Newton, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, Kevin Roose, Khan Academy, language acquisition, late fees, lockdown, longitudinal study, Mark Zuckerberg, market design, meta-analysis, Minecraft, neurotypical, new economy, Nicholas Carr, planned obsolescence, plant based meat, precautionary principle, Ralph Nader, RAND corporation, randomized controlled trial, retail therapy, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, Steve Jobs, surveillance capitalism, techlash, theory of mind, TikTok, Tim Cook: Apple

So did the National PTA, which has Google as a national sponsor.65 Deciding how we, as a society, choose the information that children should be taught in school is a herculean and complex task that goes well beyond the scope of this book. Every curriculum developer, textbook author, or creator of any kind of teaching materials has values and a point of view that influence the information they choose to provide to children and how to present it. As the late historian and educator Howard Zinn said, “In a world where justice is maldistributed, historically and now, there is no such thing as a ‘neutral’ or ‘representative’ recapitulation of facts.”66 That means the lessons we choose to teach students aren’t neutral—and those lessons matter.67 My point in writing about SEMs is not to consider whether progressive or conservative points of view should prevail in school curricula or which facts should or should not be included.

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“Sponsors and Partners,” National PTA, www.pta.org/home/About-National-Parent-Teacher-Association/Sponsors-Partners. 66.  For an excellent discussion of how and why what children learn in schools is never neutral and how that relates to commercialism, see Trevor Norris, Consuming Schools and the End of Politics (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011), 48–60. 67.  Howard Zinn, The Politics of History: With a New Introduction (Bloomington: University of Illinois Press, 1990), 24. CHAPTER 10: BIG TECH GOES TO SCHOOL Lisa Cline, email message to author, July 9, 2021.   1.  Let’s Make a Sandwich, produced by Simmel-Meservey in collaboration with the American Gas Association (1950), www.youtube.com/watch?

How to Hide an Empire: A History of the Greater United States by Daniel Immerwahr

Albert Einstein, book scanning, British Empire, Buckminster Fuller, call centre, citizen journalism, City Beautiful movement, clean water, colonial rule, company town, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, desegregation, Donald Trump, drone strike, European colonialism, fake news, friendly fire, gravity well, Haber-Bosch Process, Howard Zinn, immigration reform, land reform, Mercator projection, military-industrial complex, Neal Stephenson, Neil Armstrong, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, pneumatic tube, QWERTY keyboard, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Feynman, Suez canal 1869, Suez crisis 1956, the built environment, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, Thomas Malthus, transcontinental railway, urban planning, W. E. B. Du Bois, wikimedia commons

“As a matter of fact, a lot of people do not know that we have overseas possessions. They are convinced that only ‘foreigners,’ such as the British, have an ‘empire.’ Americans are sometimes amazed to hear that we, too, have an ‘empire.’” * * * The proposition that the United States is an empire is less controversial today. The leftist author Howard Zinn, in his immensely popular A People’s History of the United States, wrote of the “global American empire,” and his graphic-novel spin-off is called A People’s History of American Empire. On the far right, the politician Pat Buchanan has warned that the United States is “traveling the same path that was trod by the British Empire.”

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He’s not in comprehensive scholarly series such as the Oxford History of the United States or The New Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations, and I haven’t found a single textbook used in mainland schools that mentions him. Even books designed to uncover suppressed histories, such as Howard Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States and James Loewen’s Lies My Teacher Told Me, ignore Albizu. The most important academic venue in U.S. history, The Journal of American History, has never printed his name. Of course, Puerto Ricans themselves—on and off the island—are fully aware of Albizu.

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official clarified: Ruth Hampton to Barbara Frederick, January 30, 1943, in ibid. 1910 report: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Thirteenth Census of the United States, vol. 1, Population: 1910 (Washington, DC, 1913), 17. “Most people”: Saul Padover, “The Overseas Expansion Policy of the U.S.,” c. 1943, “Reports” folder, box 12, Padover File. “global American empire”: Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States, 1492–Present, rev. ed. (New York, 1995), 492. “traveling the same path”: Patrick J. Buchanan, A Republic, Not an Empire: Reclaiming America’s Destiny (1999; Washington, DC, 2002), 6. case can be made: A helpful overview is Paul A. Kramer, “Power and Connection: Imperial Histories of the United States in the World,” American Historical Review (2011): 1348–91.

9-11 by Noam Chomsky

Berlin Wall, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Howard Zinn, Nelson Mandela, Oklahoma City bombing, public intellectual, Ralph Nader, Ronald Reagan, War on Poverty, WikiLeaks

Butler, Ani DiFranco, Assia Djebar, Ariel Dorfman, Coco Fusco, Barry Gifford, Lee Stringer, and Kurt Vonnegut, to name a few, together with political titles by voices of conscience, including the Boston Women’s Health Collective, Noam Chomsky, Angela Y. Davis, Human Rights Watch, Derrick Jensen, Ralph Nader, Gary Null, Project Censored, Barbara Seaman, Gary Webb, and Howard Zinn, among many others. Seven Stories Press believes publishers have a special responsibility to defend free speech and human rights, and to celebrate the gifts of the human imagination, wherever we can. For additional information, visit www.sevenstories.com. In 9-11, published in November 2001 and arguably the single most influential post-9-11 book, internationally renowned thinker Noam Chomsky bridged the information gap around the World Trade Center attacks, cutting through the tangle of political opportunism, expedient patriotism, and general conformity that choked off American discourse in the months immediately following.

Rich White Men: What It Takes to Uproot the Old Boys' Club and Transform America by Garrett Neiman

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Albert Einstein, basic income, Bernie Sanders, BIPOC, Black Lives Matter, Branko Milanovic, British Empire, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carried interest, clean water, confounding variable, coronavirus, COVID-19, critical race theory, dark triade / dark tetrad, data science, Donald Trump, drone strike, effective altruism, Elon Musk, gender pay gap, George Floyd, glass ceiling, green new deal, high net worth, Home mortgage interest deduction, Howard Zinn, impact investing, imposter syndrome, impulse control, income inequality, Jeff Bezos, Jeffrey Epstein, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, knowledge worker, Larry Ellison, liberal capitalism, Lyft, Mahatma Gandhi, mandatory minimum, Mark Zuckerberg, mass incarceration, means of production, meritocracy, meta-analysis, Michael Milken, microaggression, mortgage tax deduction, move fast and break things, Nelson Mandela, new economy, obamacare, occupational segregation, offshore financial centre, Paul Buchheit, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, Ralph Waldo Emerson, randomized controlled trial, rent-seeking, Ronald Reagan, Rutger Bregman, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, sovereign wealth fund, Steve Jobs, subprime mortgage crisis, TED Talk, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, Travis Kalanick, trickle-down economics, uber lyft, universal basic income, Upton Sinclair, War on Poverty, white flight, William MacAskill, winner-take-all economy, women in the workforce, work culture , working poor

“Victim blaming” has since become widely used jargon in the psychological field, and today the term describes any instance when the victim of a crime or any wrongful act is held entirely or partially at fault for the harm that befell them.14 In his book, Ryan argues that victim blaming is a rationalization that justifies social injustice in the United States.15 He wrote the book in part as a rebuke to United States senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan’s influential 1965 Moynihan Report, which claimed that racial disparities were caused at least in part by cultural deficiencies within the Black community.16 People of color are not the only people in America whose cultures and behaviors are pathologized. Americans in poverty are also blamed for their condition. “I’ve always resented the smug statements of politicians, media commentators, corporate executives who talked of how, in America, if you worked hard you would become rich,” historian Howard Zinn wrote.17 “The meaning of that was if you were poor it was because you hadn’t worked hard enough. I knew this was a lie, about my father and millions of others, men and women who worked harder than anyone, harder than financiers and politicians, harder than anybody if you accept that when you work at an unpleasant job that makes it very hard work indeed.”

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The Canadian Resource Centre and for Victims of Crime, Victim Blaming, August 2009, https://crcvc.ca/docs/victim_blaming.pdf. 15. William Ryan, Blaming the Victim, rev. ed. (New York: Vintage, 1976). 16. U.S. Department of Labor, “The Negro Family: The Case for National Action,” U.S. Department of Labor, March 1965, https://www.dol.gov/general/aboutdol/history/webid-moynihan. 17. Howard Zinn, You Can’t Be Neutral on a Moving Train: A Personal History of Our Times (Boston: Beacon, 2002). 18. Jackson Katz, “Violence against Women: It’s a Men’s Issue,” TEDx Talk, TEDxFiDiWomen, November 2012, San Francisco, CA, video posted on TED.com, https://www.ted.com/talks/jackson_katz_violence_against_women_it_s_a_men_s_issue. 19.

The Chomsky Reader by Noam Chomsky

American ideology, anti-communist, Bolshevik threat, British Empire, business climate, cognitive dissonance, conceptual framework, Cornelius Vanderbilt, cuban missile crisis, Deng Xiaoping, disinformation, European colonialism, feminist movement, Herman Kahn, Howard Zinn, interchangeable parts, land reform, land tenure, means of production, Monroe Doctrine, RAND corporation, Ronald Reagan, Seymour Hersh, strikebreaker, theory of mind, Thomas L Friedman, union organizing, War on Poverty, zero-sum game, éminence grise

The truth is not entirely suppressed. The distinguished Harvard historian and Columbus biographer Samuel Eliot Morrison does comment that “the cruel policy initiated by Columbus and pursued by his successors resulted in complete genocide.” This statement is “buried halfway into the telling of a grand romance,” Howard Zinn observes in his People’s History of the United States, noting that in the book’s last paragraph, Morrison sums up his view of Columbus as follows: He had his faults and his defects, but they were largely the defects of the qualities that made him great—his indomitable will, his superb faith in God and in his own mission as the Christ-bearer to lands beyond the seas, his stubborn persistence despite neglect, poverty and discouragement.

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Cf. in particular Gabriel Kolko, The Roots of American Foreign Policy, (Boston: Beacon Press, 1969); the discussion in Gabriel and Joyce Kolko, The Limits of Power: The World and United States Foreign Policy, 1945–1954 (New York: Harper & Row, 1972); my At War with Asia (New York: Pantheon Books, 1970), chap. 1; and Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars, The Indochina Story (New York: Pantheon Books, 1970), pt. 3. See also the articles by John Dower, Richard Du Boff, and Gabriel Kolko in Noam Chomsky and Howard Zinn, eds., Critical Essays (Boston: Beacon Press, 1972), vol. 5 of the Pentagon Papers; see note 5, below. 2. See Walt W. Rostow and Richard W. Hatch, An American Policy in Asia, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1955), p. 7. In Rostow’s view, this “ideological threat to our interest … is as great as the military threat” posed by Communist China and the Soviet Union.

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In Pfeffer, ed., No More Vietnams?, p. 18. On the widely noted analogy between Vietnam and the Indian wars, see my American Power and the New Mandarins, pp. 279–80, n. 42. 5. Harold B. Clifford, Exploring New England (New Unified Social Studies; Chicago: Follett Publishing Co., 1961). 6. See Howard Zinn, “Violence and Social Change,” Boston University Graduate Journal, Fall 1968. When disease decimated the Indians, Mather said: “The woods were almost cleared of those pernicious creatures, to make room for a better growth.” 7. On November 24, 1969. Attention, Mr. Agnew. 8. Christian Science Monitor, November 29, 1969. 9.

Cuba: An American History by Ada Ferrer

Albert Einstein, anti-communist, Bartolomé de las Casas, Berlin Wall, British Empire, Charles Lindbergh, cognitive dissonance, colonial rule, company town, COVID-19, cuban missile crisis, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Donald Trump, equal pay for equal work, European colonialism, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Francisco Pizarro, Great Leap Forward, Hernando de Soto, hiring and firing, Howard Zinn, Joan Didion, land reform, land tenure, mass immigration, means of production, Mikhail Gorbachev, Monroe Doctrine, Nelson Mandela, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, rent control, Ronald Reagan, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, transcontinental railway, union organizing, upwardly mobile, Washington Consensus, wikimedia commons, women in the workforce, yellow journalism, young professional

* * * THE HISTORY OF CUBA LENDS itself to monumental and epic tellings. It is a story of violent conquest and occupation; of conspiracies against slavery and colonialism; of revolutions attempted, victorious, and undone. Epic, however, is often the preferred narrative of nation-states. So in telling this history, I have tried to heed the late Howard Zinn’s admonition to not let history become the memory of states. I have also remembered Leo Tolstoy’s advice in his second epilogue to War and Peace to not focus our histories merely on monarchs and writers, but rather to tell “the history of the life of the peoples,” as he called it.1 So, in this history of Cuba, kings and presidents, revolutionaries and dictators share space with many others.

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What Biden will actually do in office remains an open question. In any case, improvement in the day-to-day lives of Cuban people depends on more than the occupant of the White House. It depends, also, on how their own government responds to the crisis and how it charts—or doesn’t chart—a path forward. But it might be worth recalling Howard Zinn’s warning about history. It can never be understood only as the memory of states. Perhaps the same holds for the future. For, surely, it has to be something more than the sum of the actions of the two governments in question. The real question, then, is how much space the Cuban people will have to carve out the futures they want and deserve.

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Click below to sign up and see terms and conditions. CLICK HERE TO SIGN UP Already a subscriber? Provide your email again so we can register this ebook and send you more of what you like to read. You will continue to receive exclusive offers in your inbox. NOTES Prologue: There and Here 1. Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States (New York: Harper Classics, 2005), 9–10; Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace (London: Wordsworth Classics, 1997), 939. 2. Louis A. Pérez, The War of 1898: The United States and Cuba in History and Historiography (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998); Emilio Roig de Leuschenring, Cuba no debe su independencia a los Estados Unidos (Havana, 1950).

Future War: Preparing for the New Global Battlefield by Robert H. Latiff

Asilomar, Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA, autonomous vehicles, Berlin Wall, Boeing 747, CRISPR, cyber-physical system, Danny Hillis, defense in depth, drone strike, dual-use technology, Elon Musk, failed state, friendly fire, Howard Zinn, Internet of things, low earth orbit, military-industrial complex, Nicholas Carr, orbital mechanics / astrodynamics, post-truth, precautionary principle, Recombinant DNA, self-driving car, Seymour Hersh, South China Sea, Stephen Hawking, Stewart Brand, Strategic Defense Initiative, Stuxnet, synthetic biology, VTOL, Wall-E

The United States spends astronomical sums: Lauren Carroll, “Obama: US Spends More on Military Than Next 8 Nations Combined,” Politifact, January 13, 2016. The LRSO seems to be: Hams M. Kristensen, “LRSO: The Nuclear Cruise Missile Mission,” Federation of American Scientists, October 20, 2015. Worse yet are cases of shoddy workmanship: Howard Zinn, “Robber Barons and Rebels,” chapter 11 in History Is a Weapon: A People’s History of the United States (New York: HarperCollins, 1980). More recently, the Defense Department inspector general: James Risen, “Despite Alert, Flawed Wiring Still Kills G.I.’s,” The New York Times, May 4, 2008. A 2014 study by Bloomberg: Richard Clough, “U.S.

The Great Turning: From Empire to Earth Community by David C. Korten

Abraham Maslow, Albert Einstein, banks create money, big-box store, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business cycle, clean water, colonial rule, Community Supported Agriculture, death of newspapers, declining real wages, different worldview, digital divide, European colonialism, Francisco Pizarro, full employment, George Gilder, global supply chain, global village, God and Mammon, Hernando de Soto, Howard Zinn, informal economy, intentional community, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, joint-stock company, land reform, market bubble, market fundamentalism, Monroe Doctrine, Naomi Klein, neoliberal agenda, new economy, peak oil, planetary scale, plutocrats, Project for a New American Century, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, sexual politics, shared worldview, social intelligence, source of truth, South Sea Bubble, stem cell, structural adjustment programs, The Chicago School, trade route, Washington Consensus, wealth creators, World Values Survey

.… As soon as I arrived in the Indies, on the first Island which I found, I took some of the natives by force in order that they might learn and might give me information of whatever there is in these parts.9 Similar reports of the generosity and egalitarianism of the Natives of North America from early European visitors and settlers were commonplace.10 Columbus responded by taking what gold he could find, killing those Natives who displeased him, and abducting others as specimens of the slaves he later promised to deliver to the Spanish crown in return for further support. 166 PART III: AMERIC A, THE UNFINISHED PROJECT It is instructive in light of the discussion of pre-Empire civilizations in chapter 5 that in this initial encounter between the “civilized” men of Europe and the “savages” of the pre-imperial tribes of the New World, the latter thought first of sharing their abundance. The former thought only of subjugating and enslaving the innocents and confiscating their gold by force of arms. According to the historian Howard Zinn, Columbus arrived in a world that in places “was as densely populated as Europe itself, where the culture was complex, where human relations were more egalitarian than in Europe, and where the relations among men, women, children, and nature were more beautifully worked out than perhaps any place in the world.”11 In many tribes, the systems of governance were more democratic than any encountered in the five-thousand-year experience of the empires that historians equate with civilization.

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Frank Lambert, The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003), presents a detailed study of these early dynamics. NOTES 7. John Cotton in “Letter to Lord Say and Sele,” 1636, http://www .skidmore.edu/~tkuroda/hi321/ LordSay&Sele.htm. 8. Lambert, Founding Fathers and Religion, 92. 9. As quoted by Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States 1492–Present (New York: HarperPerennial, 1995), 1, 3. 10. Numerous such accounts are cited by Zinn, People’s History; Thom Hartmann, What Would Jefferson Do? A Return to Democracy (New York: Harmony Books, 2004); and Wasserman, America Born and Reborn. 11.

Turning the Tide by Noam Chomsky

anti-communist, Bolshevik threat, British Empire, collective bargaining, Cornelius Vanderbilt, cuban missile crisis, declining real wages, disinformation, failed state, feminist movement, guns versus butter model, Howard Zinn, land reform, launch on warning, means of production, Monroe Doctrine, Paul Samuelson, RAND corporation, Ronald Reagan, Seymour Hersh, Strategic Defense Initiative, union organizing

.; the reporter cited is Chris Hedges, Dallas Morning News, Jan.21, 1985; Chris Norton, CSM, March 21, 1985; two of the few US journalists in Central America who merit the title. 59. James LeMoyne, NYT, Sept. 9, 1984. 60. Testimony before the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere, Feb. 2, 1984; released by Americas Watch. 61. Quoted by Howard Zinn, Disobedience and Democracy (Vintage, 1968), 75. 62. Julia Preston, BG, Aug. 15, 1985. 63. COHA News Release, Aug. 3,1985. 64. Cynthia Brown, ed., With Friends Like These, Americas Watch Report on Human Rights and US Policy in Latin America (Pantheon, 1985), 194, 180ff. 65. AI News release, 11 October, 1982, cited by Lars Schoultz, in Martin Diskin, ed., Trouble in Our Backyard (Pantheon, 1983), 186. 66.

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Minutes summarizing PPS 51, April 1949, cited by Michael Schaller, “Securing the Great Crescent: Occupied Japan and the Origins of Containment in Southeast Asia,” J. of American History, Sept. 1982; the study also suggested that “some diversification of their economies” should be permitted. For fuller development of this topic, see Schaller; essays by John Dower and Richard Du Boff in Chomsky and Howard Zinn, eds., Critical Essays, vol. 5 of the Pentagon Papers (Beacon, 1972); For Reasons of State, chapter 1, V, 63. Perkins, I, 131, 167, 176f. The last phrase is Perkins’s summary of “a widespread, nay, almost general, viewpoint” among European statesmen. 64. See For Reasons of State, 37; PEHR, II; TNCW; Joel Charny and John Spragens, Obstacles to Recovery in Vietnam and Kampuchea: U.S.

Marx at the Arcade: Consoles, Controllers, and Class Struggle by Jamie Woodcock

4chan, Alexey Pajitnov wrote Tetris, anti-work, antiwork, augmented reality, barriers to entry, battle of ideas, Boris Johnson, Build a better mousetrap, butterfly effect, call centre, capitalist realism, collective bargaining, Columbine, conceptual framework, cuban missile crisis, David Graeber, deindustrialization, deskilling, Donald Trump, emotional labour, game design, gamification, gentrification, gig economy, glass ceiling, global supply chain, global value chain, Hacker Ethic, Howard Zinn, Ian Bogost, independent contractor, Jeremy Corbyn, John Conway, Kickstarter, Landlord’s Game, late capitalism, Marshall McLuhan, means of production, microaggression, military-industrial complex, Minecraft, mutually assured destruction, Naomi Klein, Oculus Rift, pink-collar, planned obsolescence, scientific management, sexual politics, Silicon Valley, SimCity, Steve Bannon, systems thinking, tech worker, union organizing, unpaid internship, V2 rocket, WarGames: Global Thermonuclear War

These struggles continue today across the globe—struggles against oppression, exploitation, poverty, and war. Since our founding in 2001, Haymarket Books has published more than five hundred titles. Radically independent, we seek to drive a wedge into the risk-averse world of corporate book publishing. Our authors include Noam Chomsky, Arundhati Roy, Rebecca Solnit, Angela Y. Davis, Howard Zinn, Amy Goodman, Wallace Shawn, Mike Davis, Winona LaDuke, Ilan Pappé, Richard Wolff, Dave Zirin, Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, Nick Turse, Dahr Jamail, David Barsamian, Elizabeth Laird, Amira Hass, Mark Steel, Avi Lewis, Naomi Klein, and Neil Davidson. We are also the trade publishers of the acclaimed Historical Materialism Book Series and of Dispatch Books.

Culture and Imperialism by Edward W. Said

Ayatollah Khomeini, Bartolomé de las Casas, Bretton Woods, British Empire, colonial rule, disinformation, European colonialism, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Herbert Marcuse, Howard Zinn, Joseph Schumpeter, Khartoum Gordon, lateral thinking, lone genius, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, Monroe Doctrine, Nelson Mandela, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, public intellectual, sceptred isle, Scramble for Africa, Seymour Hersh, Suez canal 1869, Suez crisis 1956, traveling salesman, W. E. B. Du Bois, work culture

The roll call of names who have contributed to the discussion in Europe and America is impressive: Kautsky, Hilferding, Luxemburg, Hobson, Lenin, Schumpeter, Arendt, Magdoff, Paul Kennedy. And in recent years such works published in the United States as Paul Kennedy’s The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, the revisionist history of William Appleman Williams, Gabriel Kolko, Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, and Walter Lefeber, and studious defenses or explanations of American policy as non-imperialist written by various strategists, theoreticians, and sages—all this has kept the question of imperialism, and its applicability (or not) to the United States, the main power of the day, very much alive.

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Yet, in the case of Iraq, the United States used the United Nations Security Council to push through resolutions for war, at the same time that in numerous other instances (Israel’s chief among them) United Nations resolutions supported by the United States were unenforced or ignored, and the United States had unpaid dues to the United Nations of several hundred million dollars. Dissenting literature has always survived in the United States alongside the authorized public space; this literature can be described as oppositional to the overall national and official performance. There are revisionist historians such as William Appleman Williams, Gabriel Kolko, and Howard Zinn, powerful public critics like Noam Chomsky, Richard Barnet, Richard Falk, and many others, all of them prominent not only as individual voices but as members of a fairly substantial alternative and anti-imperial current within the country. With them go such Left-liberal journals as The Nation, The Progressive, and, when its author was alive, I.

Great American Railroad Journeys by Michael Portillo

Alistair Cooke, California gold rush, colonial rule, company town, Cornelius Vanderbilt, friendly fire, Howard Zinn, invention of the telephone, it's over 9,000, Kickstarter, railway mania, short selling, the High Line, transcontinental railway, union organizing

A ROGUES’ GALLERY Vanderbilt and Gould knew every ruse in the book when it came to making money. It’s tempting to believe their modest beginnings fired in them a deep desire for wealth and influence. But they were just two of numerous tricky entrepreneurs in an unwieldy and predatory pack. And, according to Howard Zinn in A People’s History of the United States: ‘While some multimillionaire robber barons started in poverty, most did not. A study of the origins of 303 textile, railroad and steel executives of the 1870s showed that 90 per cent came from middle-or upper-class families.’ So, what defined a ‘robber baron’?

McMindfulness: How Mindfulness Became the New Capitalist Spirituality by Ronald Purser

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Abraham Maslow, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Bernie Sanders, biodiversity loss, British Empire, capitalist realism, commoditize, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, digital capitalism, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, fake news, Frederick Winslow Taylor, friendly fire, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, housing crisis, Howard Zinn, impulse control, job satisfaction, liberation theology, Lyft, Marc Benioff, mass incarceration, meta-analysis, military-industrial complex, moral panic, Nelson Mandela, neoliberal agenda, Nicholas Carr, obamacare, placebo effect, precariat, prosperity theology / prosperity gospel / gospel of success, publication bias, Ralph Waldo Emerson, randomized controlled trial, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, science of happiness, scientific management, shareholder value, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Slavoj Žižek, source of truth, stealth mode startup, TED Talk, The Spirit Level, Tony Hsieh, too big to fail, Torches of Freedom, trickle-down economics, uber lyft, work culture

This echoed his scientific predecessor, Herbert Benson, whose research had provided explanations for the efficacy of Transcendental Meditation (TM) in biomedical terms. Like Kabat-Zinn’s descriptions of MBSR, Benson framed the “relaxation response” as simply a “universal capacity of the body,” having no special allegiance to any religious or spiritual tradition.4 Kabat-Zinn is married to the daughter of the late radical historian and social activist Howard Zinn. But although he joined anti-Vietnam War protests in the late 1960s, his attention soon turned inward. He discovered Zen Buddhism while still a student at MIT, when he attended a talk by Philip Kapleau, and continued his foray into meditation under Korean Zen Buddhist teacher Seon Sahn at the Cambridge Zen Center.

A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life by Brian Grazer, Charles Fishman

4chan, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, Apollo 13, Apple II, Asperger Syndrome, Bonfire of the Vanities, Dr. Strangelove, en.wikipedia.org, game design, Google Chrome, Howard Zinn, Isaac Newton, Jeff Bezos, Kickstarter, Norman Mailer, orbital mechanics / astrodynamics, out of africa, RAND corporation, Ronald Reagan, Seymour Hersh, Silicon Valley, stem cell, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Strategic Defense Initiative, TED Talk, the scientific method, Tim Cook: Apple

Wren: president and CEO of marketing and communications company Omnicom Will Wright: game designer, creator of Sim City and The Sims Steve Wynn: businessman, Las Vegas casino magnate Gideon Yago: writer, former correspondent for MTV News Eitan Yardeni: teacher and spiritual counselor at the Kabbalah Centre Daniel Yergin: economist, author of The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power, winner of the Pulitzer Prize Dan York: chief content officer at DirecTV, former president of content and advertising sales, AT&T Michael W. Young: geneticist, professor at The Rockefeller University, specializing in the biological clock and circadian rhythms Shinzen Young: meditation teacher Eran Zaidel: neuropsychologist, professor at UCLA, expert in hemispheric interaction in the human brain Howard Zinn: historian, political scientist, professor at Boston University, author of A People’s History of the United States Appendix: How to Have a Curiosity Conversation * * * We’ve talked throughout A Curious Mind about how to use questions, how to use curiosity, to make your daily life better.

Financial Fiasco: How America's Infatuation With Homeownership and Easy Money Created the Economic Crisis by Johan Norberg

accounting loophole / creative accounting, Alan Greenspan, bank run, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, Bernie Madoff, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Black Swan, business cycle, capital controls, central bank independence, collateralized debt obligation, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, David Brooks, diversification, financial deregulation, financial innovation, Greenspan put, helicopter parent, Home mortgage interest deduction, housing crisis, Howard Zinn, Hyman Minsky, Isaac Newton, Joseph Schumpeter, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, market bubble, Martin Wolf, Mexican peso crisis / tequila crisis, millennium bug, money market fund, moral hazard, mortgage tax deduction, Naomi Klein, National Debt Clock, new economy, Northern Rock, Own Your Own Home, precautionary principle, price stability, Ronald Reagan, savings glut, short selling, Silicon Valley, South Sea Bubble, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, too big to fail

New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Keynes, John Maynard. The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. 1935. http:/ /www.scribd.com/doc/11392072/The-General-Theory-of-Employment- Interest-and-Money. . "The Maintenance of Prosperity Is Extremely Difficult." In New Deal Thought, edited by Howard Zinn, pp. 403-9. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1966. Keys, Benjamin, Tanmoy Mukherjee, Amit Seru, and Vikrant Vig. "Did Securitization Lead to Lax Screening? Evidence from Subprime Loans." European Finance Association 2008 Athens meetings paper, April 2008. Kindleberger, Charles, and Robert Z. Aliber.

But What if We're Wrong? Thinking About the Present as if It Were the Past by Chuck Klosterman

a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, British Empire, citizen journalism, cosmological constant, dark matter, data science, Easter island, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Frank Gehry, George Santayana, Gerolamo Cardano, ghettoisation, Golden age of television, Hans Moravec, Higgs boson, Howard Zinn, Isaac Newton, Joan Didion, Large Hadron Collider, Nick Bostrom, non-fiction novel, obamacare, pre–internet, public intellectual, Ralph Nader, Ray Kurzweil, Ronald Reagan, Seymour Hersh, Silicon Valley, Stephen Hawking, TED Talk, the medium is the message, the scientific method, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, too big to fail, Y2K

Things that seem obvious now—the conscious racism of Nixon’s “Southern Strategy,” the role the CIA played in the destabilization of Iran, how payola controlled what was on FM radio, the explanation behind America’s reliance on privately owned cars instead of public transportation, et al.—were all discussed while they were happening . . . but only on the marginalized periphery. They were not taken that seriously. Over time, these shadow ideas—or at least the ones that proved factually irrefutable—slowly became the mainstream view. Howard Zinn’s 1980 depiction of how America was built in A People’s History of the United States is no longer a counterbalance to a conventional high school history text; in many cases, it is the text. This kind of transition has become a normal part of learning about anything. In literature, there were the established (white, male) classics that everyone was forced to identify as a senior in high school.

Dataclysm: Who We Are (When We Think No One's Looking) by Christian Rudder

4chan, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, bitcoin, cloud computing, correlation does not imply causation, crowdsourcing, cuban missile crisis, data science, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, en.wikipedia.org, fake it until you make it, Frank Gehry, Howard Zinn, Jaron Lanier, John Markoff, John Snow's cholera map, lifelogging, Mahatma Gandhi, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nate Silver, Nelson Mandela, new economy, obamacare, Occupy movement, p-value, power law, pre–internet, prosperity theology / prosperity gospel / gospel of success, race to the bottom, retail therapy, Salesforce, selection bias, Snapchat, social graph, Steve Jobs, the scientific method, the strength of weak ties, Twitter Arab Spring, two and twenty

Google Books describes it well: it’s a chronicle of “American history from the bottom up”—and where most books treat leaders and big events, A People’s History shows us the homes, shops, farms, factories, and smaller worries of yesteryear. The thing is, as much as I love that book, and as much as it turns the schoolhouse version of American history on its head, Howard Zinn could still only tell us what he could see, the observable actions, the words spoken aloud. The hearts of women and men were beyond him. In the stress of the Cuban Missile Crisis, in the boredom of the trenches, in the liberation of the Pill—for all the moments of quiet joy and interior anguish lost to history, what if we had the data we have now?

Empire of Illusion: The End of Literacy and the Triumph of Spectacle by Chris Hedges

Albert Einstein, AOL-Time Warner, Ayatollah Khomeini, Bear Stearns, Cal Newport, clean water, collective bargaining, corporate governance, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, Glass-Steagall Act, haute couture, Herbert Marcuse, Honoré de Balzac, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, income inequality, Joseph Schumpeter, Naomi Klein, offshore financial centre, Plato's cave, power law, Ralph Nader, Ronald Reagan, scientific management, Seymour Hersh, single-payer health, social intelligence, statistical model, uranium enrichment

It dices disciplines, faculty, students, and finally experts into tiny, specialized fragments. It allows students and faculty to retreat into these self-imposed fiefdoms and neglect the most pressing moral, political, and cultural questions. Those who critique the system itself—people such as Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, Dennis Kucinich, or Ralph Nader—are marginalized and shut out of the mainstream debate. These elite universities have banished self-criticism. They refuse to question a self-justifying system. Organization, technology, self-advancement, and information systems are the only things that matter. In 1967, Theodor Adorno wrote an essay titled “Education After Auschwitz.”

Drinking in America: Our Secret History by Susan Cheever

British Empire, classic study, George Santayana, Howard Zinn, nuclear winter, off-the-grid, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ronald Reagan, Seymour Hersh, Suez canal 1869, trade route, white picket fence

In spite of Hamilton’s tantrum politics, the story had a happy ending except for those who had been killed or wounded or permanently traumatized by fear. “The new government had displayed both its resolution and its capacity for mercy,” writes Smith.84 Other historians are not so forgiving about the Whiskey Rebellion and its aftermath. “We see then,” writes historian Howard Zinn, “in the first years of the Constitution, that some of its provisions—even those paraded most flamboyantly (like the First Amendment)—might be treated lightly. Others (like the power to tax) would be powerfully enforced.”85 Thomas Jefferson, who ran for election in 1800 using the repeal of the whiskey tax as a campaign platform, was slightly more scathing in a letter to James Monroe.

The Capitalist Manifesto by Johan Norberg

AltaVista, anti-communist, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, Boris Johnson, business climate, business cycle, capital controls, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon footprint, carbon tax, Charles Babbage, computer age, coronavirus, COVID-19, creative destruction, crony capitalism, data is not the new oil, data is the new oil, David Graeber, DeepMind, degrowth, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, digital map, disinformation, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, energy transition, Erik Brynjolfsson, export processing zone, failed state, Filter Bubble, gig economy, Gini coefficient, global supply chain, Google Glasses, Greta Thunberg, Gunnar Myrdal, Hans Rosling, Hernando de Soto, Howard Zinn, income inequality, independent contractor, index fund, Indoor air pollution, industrial robot, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invention of the printing press, invisible hand, Jeff Bezos, Jeremy Corbyn, job automation, job satisfaction, Joseph Schumpeter, land reform, liberal capitalism, lockdown, low cost airline, low interest rates, low skilled workers, Lyft, manufacturing employment, Mark Zuckerberg, means of production, meta-analysis, Minecraft, multiplanetary species, Naomi Klein, Neal Stephenson, Nelson Mandela, Network effects, open economy, passive income, Paul Graham, Paul Samuelson, payday loans, planned obsolescence, precariat, profit motive, Ralph Nader, RAND corporation, rent control, rewilding, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Coase, Rosa Parks, Salesforce, Sam Bankman-Fried, Shenzhen was a fishing village, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, Snapchat, social distancing, social intelligence, South China Sea, Stephen Fry, Steve Jobs, tech billionaire, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, TikTok, Tim Cook: Apple, total factor productivity, trade liberalization, transatlantic slave trade, Tyler Cowen, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, ultimatum game, Virgin Galactic, Washington Consensus, working-age population, World Values Survey, X Prize, you are the product, zero-sum game

Bernie Sanders said that the American dream was more alive in Venezuela than in the US. Labour’s Jeremy Corbyn praised Chávez for showing that ‘the poor matter and wealth can be shared’. Oxfam called Venezuela ‘Latin America’s inequality success story’. In an open letter to ‘Dear President Chávez’, luminaries of the Left such as Jesse Jackson, Naomi Klein, Howard Zinn and others state that they ‘see Venezuela not only as a model democracy but also as a model of how a country’s oil wealth can be used to benefit all of its people.’36 On paper, that $1,000 billion was enough to make every extremely poor individual in Venezuela a millionaire. But still, it is not much money if you do not invest it productively and if you destroy the ability to create new wealth with nationalization and price controls.

Fresh Off the Boat by Eddie Huang

affirmative action, back-to-the-land, Columbine, cuban missile crisis, East Village, Howard Zinn, Lao Tzu, rent control, Telecommunications Act of 1996, W. E. B. Du Bois, walkable city

I didn’t take shit from anyone at this point. I only had one rule: don’t pick on people who were already being picked on. One school got so sick of Emery and me that they demanded we get psychological counseling before we could go back. We had good grades, but we disrupted class telling jokes or arguing with teachers. I didn’t need Howard Zinn to know Christopher Columbus was a punk-ass stealing from colored people and I let it be known. Emery was a beast, too. I started lifting weights and he did it with me. He wasn’t even eleven years old when he started. I think it stunted his growth, but by the time the boy hit eighth grade he was Megatron just stompin’ out the other kids that fucked with him.

The Cultural Logic of Computation by David Golumbia

Alan Turing: On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem, American ideology, Benoit Mandelbrot, Bletchley Park, borderless world, business process, cellular automata, citizen journalism, Claude Shannon: information theory, computer age, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, corporate governance, creative destruction, digital capitalism, digital divide, en.wikipedia.org, finite state, folksonomy, future of work, Google Earth, Howard Zinn, IBM and the Holocaust, iterative process, Jaron Lanier, jimmy wales, John von Neumann, Joseph Schumpeter, late capitalism, Lewis Mumford, machine readable, machine translation, means of production, natural language processing, Norbert Wiener, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), packet switching, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, RFID, Richard Stallman, semantic web, Shoshana Zuboff, Slavoj Žižek, social web, stem cell, Stephen Hawking, Steve Ballmer, Stewart Brand, strong AI, supply-chain management, supply-chain management software, technological determinism, Ted Nelson, telemarketer, The Wisdom of Crowds, theory of mind, Turing machine, Turing test, Vannevar Bush, web application, Yochai Benkler

Writing of an RTS-based world history game that has substantially more cultural flexibility than Age of Empires, the Civilization series developed by Sid Meier, Alex Galloway suggests that “the more one begins to think that Civilization is about a certain ideologically interpretation of history (neoconservative, reactionary, or what have you), or even that it creates a computer-generated ‘history effect,’ the more one realizes that it is about the absence of history of altogether, or rather, the transcoding of history into specific mathematical models” (Galloway 2006, 102–3). “ ‘History’ in Civilization is precisely the opposite of history,” Galloway writes, “not because the game fetishizes the imperial perspective, but because the diachronic details of lived life are replaced by the synchronic homogeneity of code pure and simple. It is a new sort of fetish altogether. (To be entirely clear: mine is an argument about informatic control, not about ideology: a politically progressive ‘People’s Civilization’ game, a la Howard Zinn, would beg the same critique)” (ibid., 103). Despite the fact that Galloway sees some of the inherent ideological commitments in the RTS genre, this view gives in to exactly the neoliberal/progressivist/neoconservative view that technology can stand outside of history and that computational processes are themselves synchronic, abstract, and deserving of new analytic methods and frames to be understood—exactly what I am arguing here is untrue.

Hustle and Gig: Struggling and Surviving in the Sharing Economy by Alexandrea J. Ravenelle

active transport: walking or cycling, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, air traffic controllers' union, Airbnb, Amazon Mechanical Turk, barriers to entry, basic income, Broken windows theory, call centre, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, cashless society, Clayton Christensen, clean water, collaborative consumption, collective bargaining, company town, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, digital divide, disruptive innovation, Downton Abbey, East Village, Erik Brynjolfsson, full employment, future of work, gentrification, gig economy, Howard Zinn, income inequality, independent contractor, informal economy, job automation, John Zimmer (Lyft cofounder), low skilled workers, Lyft, minimum wage unemployment, Mitch Kapor, Network effects, new economy, New Urbanism, obamacare, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, passive income, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer model, performance metric, precariat, rent control, rent stabilization, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, scientific management, sharing economy, side hustle, Silicon Valley, strikebreaker, TaskRabbit, TED Talk, telemarketer, the payments system, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Tim Cook: Apple, transaction costs, Travis Kalanick, Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, ubercab, universal basic income, Upton Sinclair, urban planning, vertical integration, very high income, white flight, working poor, Zipcar

The fellow servant exemption provided a loophole for any injury caused by a fellow employee, and, when all else failed, there was the assumption of risk—the claim that by performing a job, employees assumed any risk that was inherent in the job.5 Historically, work in the United States was fairly dangerous. In 1904, twenty-seven thousand workers in manufacturing, transport, and agriculture were killed on the job. In one year, fifty thousand accidents took place in New York factories alone. Historian Howard Zinn notes that “hat and cap makers were getting respiratory diseases, quarrymen were inhaling deadly chemicals, lithographic printers were getting arsenic poisoning.” In 1914, according to a report of the Commission on Industrial Relations, thirty-five thousand workers were killed in industrial accidents and seven hundred thousand were injured.6 Populist support for an organized workers movement began to grow in the first decade of the twentieth century, assisted by the “muckrakers” movement of reform-minded journalists.

Reimagining Capitalism in a World on Fire by Rebecca Henderson

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", Airbnb, asset allocation, behavioural economics, benefit corporation, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, business climate, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon footprint, carbon tax, circular economy, collaborative economy, collective bargaining, commoditize, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, crony capitalism, dark matter, decarbonisation, disruptive innovation, double entry bookkeeping, Elon Musk, Erik Brynjolfsson, export processing zone, Exxon Valdez, Fall of the Berlin Wall, family office, fixed income, George Akerlof, Gini coefficient, global supply chain, greed is good, Greta Thunberg, growth hacking, Hans Rosling, Howard Zinn, Hyman Minsky, impact investing, income inequality, independent contractor, index fund, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), joint-stock company, Kickstarter, Lyft, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, Max Levchin, means of production, meta-analysis, microcredit, middle-income trap, Minsky moment, mittelstand, Mont Pelerin Society, Neil Armstrong, Nelson Mandela, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, Paris climate accords, passive investing, Paul Samuelson, Philip Mirowski, plant based meat, profit maximization, race to the bottom, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, Salesforce, scientific management, Second Machine Age, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, sovereign wealth fund, Steven Pinker, stocks for the long run, Tim Cook: Apple, total factor productivity, Toyota Production System, uber lyft, urban planning, Washington Consensus, WeWork, working-age population, Zipcar

If we remember those times and places—and there are so many—where people have behaved magnificently, this gives us the energy to act, and at least the possibility of sending this spinning top of a world in a different direction. And if we do act, in however small a way, we don’t have to wait for some grand utopian future. The future is an infinite succession of presents, and to live now as we think human beings should live, in defiance of all that is bad around us, is itself a marvelous victory. —HOWARD ZINN, YOU CAN’T BE NEUTRAL ON A MOVING TRAIN, 1994 One small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind. —NEIL ARMSTRONG What will a reimagined capitalism look like? It’s impossible to know, of course, but at the risk of seeming utopian, let me paint a picture of how the world might look very different twenty years from now.

Hate Inc.: Why Today’s Media Makes Us Despise One Another by Matt Taibbi

4chan, affirmative action, anti-communist, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Chelsea Manning, commoditize, crack epidemic, David Brooks, disinformation, Donald Trump, drone strike, failed state, fake news, Fall of the Berlin Wall, false flag, financial deregulation, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Glass-Steagall Act, Gordon Gekko, greed is good, green new deal, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, immigration reform, interest rate swap, Julian Assange, Kickstarter, Marshall McLuhan, microdosing, moral panic, Nate Silver, no-fly zone, Parents Music Resource Center, Peter Thiel, pink-collar, Ponzi scheme, pre–internet, profit motive, quantitative easing, Ralph Nader, rent-seeking, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, Rubik’s Cube, Saturday Night Live, Seymour Hersh, Silicon Valley, social contagion, Stephen Hawking, Steve Bannon, Steven Pinker, Tipper Gore, traveling salesman, unpaid internship, WikiLeaks, working poor, Y2K

It’s the assumption that you’re being adversarial, independent, questioning everything, and so on. But it’s the same in scholarship. If you tell a scholar, “Look you’re just conforming to ideological prejudices,” they go crazy. You can see what happened when something really became prominent that questioned the basic ideological framework. Like when Howard Zinn’s book… Taibbi: The People’s History of the United States. Chomsky: Right. When that became popular, historians just went berserk. There’s a very interesting book that just came out about that, if you want to take a look. Taibbi: Is there? I didn’t know. Chomsky: It’s called Zinnophobia... It’s a very careful analysis of Oscar Handlin, and all the guys who bitterly attacked the Zinn report.

The Undertow: Scenes From a Slow Civil War by Jeff Sharlet

2021 United States Capitol attack, Airbnb, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, cognitive dissonance, Colonization of Mars, Columbine, Comet Ping Pong, coronavirus, COVID-19, critical race theory, disinformation, drone strike, Elon Musk, fake it until you make it, fake news, false flag, gentrification, George Floyd, Howard Zinn, intentional community, Jeffrey Epstein, lockdown, Occupy movement, operation paperclip, Parler "social media", prosperity theology / prosperity gospel / gospel of success, QAnon, sensible shoes, social distancing, Upton Sinclair, W. E. B. Du Bois, We are the 99%, white flight, white picket fence, young professional

It began as a row of boxes containing donated books, mostly well-used paperbacks like my Pagan Rabbi, and it became a row of tables alongside the northeast corner of the park, a collection of several thousand—cataloguing was as never-ending as the stream of donations—maintained by a group of volunteer librarians, one of whom slept on an air mattress beside the reference desk. He wasn’t there as a guard: At this library, books were free for the taking. Howard Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States got taken almost as fast as it could be shelved. My Pagan Rabbi, I’m guessing, had been lingering for a while, tucked between a romance novel and a mass-market paperback of A Canticle for Leibowitz, a 1960 sci-fi classic about a monastic order dedicated to the preservation of books in a postapocalyptic age.

Trees on Mars: Our Obsession With the Future by Hal Niedzviecki

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Ada Lovelace, agricultural Revolution, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, Alvin Toffler, Amazon Robotics, anti-communist, big data - Walmart - Pop Tarts, big-box store, business intelligence, Charles Babbage, Colonization of Mars, computer age, crowdsourcing, data science, David Brooks, driverless car, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, Flynn Effect, Ford Model T, Future Shock, Google Glasses, hive mind, Howard Zinn, if you build it, they will come, income inequality, independent contractor, Internet of things, invention of movable type, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John von Neumann, knowledge economy, Kodak vs Instagram, life extension, Lyft, Marc Andreessen, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Neil Armstrong, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), Peter H. Diamandis: Planetary Resources, Peter Thiel, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Ponzi scheme, precariat, prediction markets, Ralph Nader, randomized controlled trial, Ray Kurzweil, ride hailing / ride sharing, rising living standards, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, self-driving car, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, Steve Jobs, TaskRabbit, tech worker, technological singularity, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, Ted Kaczynski, TED Talk, Thomas L Friedman, Tyler Cowen, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, Virgin Galactic, warehouse robotics, working poor

Butler, Ani DiFranco, Assia Djebar, Ariel Dorfman, Coco Fusco, Barry Gifford, Martha Long, Luis Negrón, Hwang Sok-yong, Lee Stringer, and Kurt Vonnegut, to name a few, together with political titles by voices of conscience, including Subhankar Banerjee, the Boston Women’s Health Collective, Noam Chomsky, Angela Y. Davis, Human Rights Watch, Derrick Jensen, Ralph Nader, Loretta Napoleoni, Gary Null, Greg Palast, Project Censored, Barbara Seaman, Alice Walker, Gary Webb, and Howard Zinn, among many others. Seven Stories Press believes publishers have a special responsibility to defend free speech and human rights, and to celebrate the gifts of the human imagination, wherever we can. In 2012 we launched Triangle Square books for young readers with strong social justice and narrative components, telling personal stories of courage and commitment.

The Boy Who Could Change the World: The Writings of Aaron Swartz by Aaron Swartz, Lawrence Lessig

Aaron Swartz, affirmative action, Alfred Russel Wallace, American Legislative Exchange Council, Benjamin Mako Hill, bitcoin, Bonfire of the Vanities, Brewster Kahle, Cass Sunstein, deliberate practice, do what you love, Donald Knuth, Donald Trump, failed state, fear of failure, Firefox, Free Software Foundation, full employment, functional programming, Hacker News, Howard Zinn, index card, invisible hand, Joan Didion, John Gruber, Lean Startup, low interest rates, More Guns, Less Crime, peer-to-peer, post scarcity, power law, Richard Feynman, Richard Stallman, Ronald Reagan, school vouchers, semantic web, single-payer health, SpamAssassin, SPARQL, telemarketer, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, the scientific method, Toyota Production System, unbiased observer, wage slave, Washington Consensus, web application, WikiLeaks, working poor, zero-sum game

And then, to top it all off, he said he didn’t believe in objective truth! Teaching one point of view, the lady concludes, is like a pedophile giving advance warning: it’s not OK. (In reality, it’s pretty obvious the guy simply gave a partway accurate description of Palestinian history and then probably echoed Howard Zinn’s comment that “any chosen emphasis supports [whether the historian means to or not] some kind of interest.” So did she just compare all mainstream historians to pedophiles?) An actual student follows the lady and thanks all the funding groups: the Stanford Jewish-American Alliance, Hillel, Chabad, Young America’s Foundation.

Cheap: The High Cost of Discount Culture by Ellen Ruppel Shell

accelerated depreciation, Alan Greenspan, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, big-box store, bread and circuses, business cycle, cognitive dissonance, computer age, cotton gin, creative destruction, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, delayed gratification, deskilling, Donald Trump, Edward Glaeser, fear of failure, Ford Model T, Ford paid five dollars a day, Frederick Winslow Taylor, George Akerlof, global supply chain, global village, Howard Zinn, income inequality, interchangeable parts, inventory management, invisible hand, James Watt: steam engine, Joseph Schumpeter, Just-in-time delivery, knowledge economy, Lewis Mumford, loss aversion, market design, means of production, mental accounting, Monkeys Reject Unequal Pay, Pearl River Delta, planned obsolescence, Ponzi scheme, price anchoring, price discrimination, race to the bottom, Richard Thaler, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, scientific management, side project, Steve Jobs, The Market for Lemons, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, trade liberalization, traveling salesman, Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, ultimatum game, Victor Gruen, washing machines reduced drudgery, working poor, yield management, zero-sum game

He argued that those British workers who had been able to establish unions and secure stable employment—skilled workers in the iron, steel, and machine making-industries and most workers in the cotton textile mills—constituted a privileged and “bourgeoisified” layer of the working class, a “labor aristocracy.” 161 cheap goods cannot be had without “cheap help”: Howard Zinn, Dana Frank, and Robin D. G. Kelly, Three Strikes, Miners, Musicians, Salesgirls, and the Fighting Spirit of Labor’s Last Century (Boston: Beacon Press, 2001), 70. 161 “Does Wal-Mart Sell Inferior Goods?”: Emek Basker, “Does Wal-Mart Sell Inferior Goods?” University of Missouri Department of Economics Working Paper 08-05, April 2008. 161 beating Wall Street estimates: “Wal-Mart June Sales up; Raises Earnings Forecast,” Reuters, July 10, 2008. 161 also enjoyed sales growth: Michael Barbaro, “Discounters Fared Well in Quarter,” New York Times, May 14, 2008. 162 benefit both its workers and its core clientele: Interview with Nelson Lichtenstein, July 2006. 162 “is market potential unrealized”: Larry Copeland, “Wal-Mart’s Hired Advocate Takes Flak,” USA Today, March 15, 2006.

The Divide: A Brief Guide to Global Inequality and Its Solutions by Jason Hickel

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Alan Greenspan, Andrei Shleifer, Asian financial crisis, Atahualpa, Bartolomé de las Casas, Bernie Sanders, Bob Geldof, Bretton Woods, British Empire, Cape to Cairo, capital controls, carbon credits, carbon footprint, carbon tax, clean water, collective bargaining, colonial rule, Cornelius Vanderbilt, David Attenborough, David Graeber, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, declining real wages, degrowth, dematerialisation, Doha Development Round, Elon Musk, European colonialism, falling living standards, financial deregulation, flying shuttle, Fractional reserve banking, Francisco Pizarro, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, Global Witness, Hans Rosling, happiness index / gross national happiness, Howard Zinn, income inequality, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), investor state dispute settlement, James Watt: steam engine, laissez-faire capitalism, land reform, land value tax, liberal capitalism, Live Aid, Mahatma Gandhi, Money creation, Monroe Doctrine, Mont Pelerin Society, moral hazard, Naomi Klein, negative emissions, Nelson Mandela, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, out of africa, Phillips curve, planned obsolescence, plutocrats, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, rent control, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, Scramble for Africa, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, structural adjustment programs, TED Talk, The Chicago School, The Spirit Level, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, transfer pricing, trickle-down economics, Washington Consensus, WikiLeaks, women in the workforce, Works Progress Administration

The figure for the English working class comes from Edwin Chadwick’s report on The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population, cited in Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 (1845). 5  ‘In fact, by the time …’ Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World System (New York: Academic Press, 1974). 6  ‘In his journals, Columbus reported …’ Quoted in Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States (New York: HarperCollins, 2003), 3. 7  ‘They lived in communal buildings …’ Quoted in Zinn, A People’s History, p. 1. 8  ‘Columbus was eager to exploit …’ Quoted in Zinn, A People’s History, p. 1. 9  ‘“They lifted up the gold …”’ Quoted in Eduardo Galeano, ‘Open Veins of Latin America’, Monthly Review Press, 1973, pp. 18–19. 10 ‘Before long the metal …’ Galeano, ‘Open Veins’, p. 22. 11 ‘And that was on top …’ Galeano, ‘Open Veins’, p. 23. 12 ‘By the early 1800s …’ Timothy Walton, The Spanish Treasure Fleets (Florida: Pineapple Press, 1994). 13 ‘It was a massive infusion …’ The silver was ‘free’ in the sense that it was dug up by unpaid slave labour.

Hopes and Prospects by Noam Chomsky

air traffic controllers' union, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, Bretton Woods, British Empire, capital controls, colonial rule, corporate personhood, Credit Default Swap, cuban missile crisis, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, deskilling, en.wikipedia.org, energy security, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial deregulation, Firefox, Glass-Steagall Act, high-speed rail, Howard Zinn, Hyman Minsky, invisible hand, liberation theology, market fundamentalism, Martin Wolf, Mikhail Gorbachev, Monroe Doctrine, moral hazard, Nelson Mandela, new economy, nuremberg principles, one-state solution, open borders, Plutonomy: Buying Luxury, Explaining Global Imbalances, public intellectual, Ralph Waldo Emerson, RAND corporation, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, Seymour Hersh, structural adjustment programs, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, too big to fail, total factor productivity, trade liberalization, uranium enrichment, Washington Consensus

In late 1967, when opposition to the war was finally becoming a mass popular movement, the ADA leadership undertook considerable (and quite comical) efforts to prevent applications for membership from people they feared would speak in favor of an antiwar resolution sponsored by a local chapter that had fallen out of control (Howard Zinn and I were the terrifying applicants). A few months later came the Tet offensive, leading the business world to turn against the war because of its costs to us, while the more perceptive were coming to realize that Washington had already achieved its major war aims: destroying the “virus” of successful independent development that might “spread contagion” throughout the region, to borrow Kissingerian rhetoric, and inoculating the potential victims by imposing vicious dictatorships.4 It soon turned out that everyone had always been a strong opponent of the war (in deep silence).

We Were Eight Years in Power: An American Tragedy by Ta-Nehisi Coates

affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Bernie Madoff, Bernie Sanders, Black Lives Matter, Broken windows theory, Charles Lindbergh, classic study, crack epidemic, crony capitalism, David Brooks, deindustrialization, desegregation, Donald Trump, fear of failure, Ferguson, Missouri, gentrification, Gunnar Myrdal, housing crisis, Howard Zinn, income inequality, jitney, low skilled workers, mandatory minimum, mass incarceration, moral panic, new economy, obamacare, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, payday loans, phenotype, public intellectual, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, San Francisco homelessness, single-payer health, Steve Bannon, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, W. E. B. Du Bois, War on Poverty, white flight

I wanted to maximize the number of commenters who could tell me things, and for that I had to build something beyond the profane cynicism that inevitably overruns any unregulated space. Between all the posts about Rakim and Spider-Man, I would write about my attempts to conquer Leviathan or my reconsiderations of Howard Zinn, and the commenters would offer their responses. We would engage, sometimes argue, and I would learn. Grad students would show up under anonymous handles, offering contexts, objections, and clarifications. A kind of seminar evolved in which scholars dead and present—Beryl Satter, Rebecca Scott, Primo Levi, John Locke—became my virtual professors.

A People’s History of Computing in the United States by Joy Lisi Rankin

activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Albert Einstein, Apple II, Bill Gates: Altair 8800, Charles Babbage, Compatible Time-Sharing System, computer age, Computer Lib, corporate social responsibility, digital divide, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Grace Hopper, Hacker Ethic, Howard Rheingold, Howard Zinn, it's over 9,000, Jeff Bezos, John Markoff, John von Neumann, language acquisition, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, military-industrial complex, Mother of all demos, Multics, Network effects, Norbert Wiener, pink-collar, profit motive, public intellectual, punch-card reader, RAND corporation, Silicon Valley, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, Ted Nelson, the market place, urban planning, Whole Earth Catalog, wikimedia commons

And the Minnesota software library, mostly BASIC programs including The Oregon Trail, proved to be the ideal complement for the hardware of Apple Computers. During the 1980s, the combination of Apple hardware and MECC software 10 A ­People’s History of Computing in the United States cemented the transformation from computing citizens to computing consumers. The title of this work nods to Howard Zinn’s groundbreaking A ­People’s History of the United States. Published nearly forty years ago, Zinn’s book channeled the energies of the social and po­liti­cal movements of the long 1960s and the ensuing outpouring of social history to write a new kind of American history. Zinn did not write about Founding ­Fathers and presidents, captains of industry, war heroes, and other influential white men.

Green Philosophy: How to Think Seriously About the Planet by Roger Scruton

An Inconvenient Truth, barriers to entry, carbon credits, carbon footprint, carbon tax, Cass Sunstein, Climategate, Climatic Research Unit, corporate social responsibility, demand response, Easter island, edge city, endowment effect, energy security, Exxon Valdez, failed state, food miles, garden city movement, Garrett Hardin, ghettoisation, happiness index / gross national happiness, Herbert Marcuse, hobby farmer, Howard Zinn, income inequality, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, Jane Jacobs, joint-stock company, joint-stock limited liability company, Kenneth Arrow, knowledge economy, Lewis Mumford, market friction, Martin Wolf, moral hazard, Naomi Klein, New Urbanism, Peter Singer: altruism, phenotype, precautionary principle, rent-seeking, Robert Solow, Ronald Coase, Sam Peltzman, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, tacit knowledge, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the market place, Thomas Malthus, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, University of East Anglia, urban planning, urban sprawl, Vilfredo Pareto, women in the workforce, zero-sum game

This contempt is the dominant theme of French intellectual life, to be found in all the fashionable nonsense, from Iragaray to Cixous, and from Deleuze to Kristeva, that has spread from the rive gauche to humanities departments around the world.258 A chronic form of oikophobia has also spread through the American universities, and is encapsulated in the speeches and writings of Noam Chomsky and Howard Zinn. What is normally meant by ‘political correctness’ is the repudiation of rooted American values, and a pronounced tendency to blame America and its success for all that is wrong with the world. In all its versions oikophobia gives rise to what I call a ‘culture of repudiation’, which spreads through school and academy all but unresisted by the guardians of traditional knowledge.259 The roots of oikophobia lie deeper than reason, and it is unlikely that any argument will eradicate it or do anything more, in the eyes of the oikophobe, than to discredit the person who presents it.

Winner-Take-All Politics: How Washington Made the Rich Richer-And Turned Its Back on the Middle Class by Paul Pierson, Jacob S. Hacker

accounting loophole / creative accounting, active measures, affirmative action, air traffic controllers' union, Alan Greenspan, asset allocation, barriers to entry, Bear Stearns, Bonfire of the Vanities, business climate, business cycle, carried interest, Cass Sunstein, clean water, collective bargaining, corporate governance, Credit Default Swap, David Brooks, desegregation, employer provided health coverage, financial deregulation, financial innovation, financial intermediation, fixed income, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, Home mortgage interest deduction, Howard Zinn, income inequality, invisible hand, John Bogle, knowledge economy, laissez-faire capitalism, Martin Wolf, medical bankruptcy, moral hazard, Nate Silver, new economy, night-watchman state, offshore financial centre, oil shock, Paul Volcker talking about ATMs, Powell Memorandum, Ralph Nader, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Tax Reform Act of 1986, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, three-martini lunch, too big to fail, trickle-down economics, union organizing, very high income, War on Poverty, winner-take-all economy, women in the workforce

(New York: Basic Books, 1985), 203. 24 “Filibuster Kills Labor Law ‘Reform’ Bill,” CQ Almanac 1978 (Washington: Congressional Quarterly, 1979). 25 Freeman and Medoff, What Do Unions Do?, 203. 26 “Filibuster Kills Labor Law ‘Reform’ Bill,” CQ Almanac 1978. 27 Edsall, New Politics of Inequality, 125. 28 Quoted in Howard Zinn and Anthony Arnove, Voices of a People’s History of the United States, 2nd ed. (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2009), 530–33. 29 Frank Levy and Peter Temin, “Inequality and Institutions in Twentieth Century America,” NBER Working Paper No. 13106 (May 2007). 30 Thomas Ferguson and Joel Rogers, Right Turn: The Decline of the Democrats and the Future of American Politics (New York: Hill and Wang, 1986), 109. 31 Blumenthal, Rise of the Counter-Establishment, 81. 32 David O.

The Economics Anti-Textbook: A Critical Thinker's Guide to Microeconomics by Rod Hill, Anthony Myatt

American ideology, Andrei Shleifer, Asian financial crisis, bank run, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, Bernie Madoff, biodiversity loss, business cycle, cognitive dissonance, collateralized debt obligation, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, different worldview, electricity market, endogenous growth, equal pay for equal work, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, experimental economics, failed state, financial innovation, full employment, gender pay gap, Gini coefficient, Glass-Steagall Act, Gunnar Myrdal, happiness index / gross national happiness, Home mortgage interest deduction, Howard Zinn, income inequality, indoor plumbing, information asymmetry, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Arrow, liberal capitalism, low interest rates, low skilled workers, market bubble, market clearing, market fundamentalism, Martin Wolf, medical malpractice, military-industrial complex, minimum wage unemployment, moral hazard, Paradox of Choice, Pareto efficiency, Paul Samuelson, Peter Singer: altruism, positional goods, prediction markets, price discrimination, price elasticity of demand, principal–agent problem, profit maximization, profit motive, publication bias, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, random walk, rent control, rent-seeking, Richard Thaler, Ronald Reagan, search costs, shareholder value, sugar pill, The Myth of the Rational Market, the payments system, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, ultimatum game, union organizing, working-age population, World Values Survey, Yogi Berra

As we’ve tried to show, it’s perfectly compatible with very serious problems of pollution (of which we have given only a few examples), misuse of resources, and even with long-term catastrophe. 167 7  |  Externalities Many critics of the current economic system deplore the profit motive, seeing it as destructive. From the viewpoint of the textbooks, where the profit motive guides resources to their most valued uses and produces material abundance, it appears that these critics are economic illiterates. Consider this comment by the American historian Howard Zinn: In fact, this does not contradict what is in the texts themselves, if they are read carefully and completely by those willing to draw their own conclusions. But the texts put externalities in the background (and at the back of the book), foregrounding instead the story of markets that work efficiently.

Surveillance Valley: The Rise of the Military-Digital Complex by Yasha Levine

23andMe, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Adam Curtis, Airbnb, AltaVista, Amazon Web Services, Anne Wojcicki, anti-communist, AOL-Time Warner, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, borderless world, Boston Dynamics, British Empire, Californian Ideology, call centre, Charles Babbage, Chelsea Manning, cloud computing, collaborative editing, colonial rule, company town, computer age, computerized markets, corporate governance, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data science, digital map, disinformation, don't be evil, Donald Trump, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Dr. Strangelove, drone strike, dual-use technology, Edward Snowden, El Camino Real, Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Elon Musk, end-to-end encryption, fake news, fault tolerance, gentrification, George Gilder, ghettoisation, global village, Google Chrome, Google Earth, Google Hangouts, Greyball, Hacker Conference 1984, Howard Zinn, hypertext link, IBM and the Holocaust, index card, Jacob Appelbaum, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, John Gilmore, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, John von Neumann, Julian Assange, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, Laura Poitras, life extension, Lyft, machine readable, Mark Zuckerberg, market bubble, Menlo Park, military-industrial complex, Mitch Kapor, natural language processing, Neal Stephenson, Network effects, new economy, Norbert Wiener, off-the-grid, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), packet switching, PageRank, Paul Buchheit, peer-to-peer, Peter Thiel, Philip Mirowski, plutocrats, private military company, RAND corporation, Ronald Reagan, Ross Ulbricht, Satoshi Nakamoto, self-driving car, sentiment analysis, shareholder value, Sheryl Sandberg, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, slashdot, Snapchat, Snow Crash, SoftBank, speech recognition, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, Susan Wojcicki, Telecommunications Act of 1996, telepresence, telepresence robot, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Hackers Conference, Tony Fadell, uber lyft, vertical integration, Whole Earth Catalog, Whole Earth Review, WikiLeaks

He saw the whole thing as a symptom of the degradation of American youth culture. The demonstrations against the Cambridge Project involved hundreds of people. They were ultimately a part of the larger antiwar movement at MIT and Harvard that attracted the leading lights of the antiwar movement, including Howard Zinn. Noam Chomsky showed up to lambast academics, accusing them of running cover for violent imperialism by “investing it with the aura of science.”96 But in the end, the protests didn’t have much of an effect. The Cambridge Project proceeded as planned. The only change: further proposals and internal discussions for funding omitted overt references to military applications and the study of communism and third world societies, and project contractors simply referred to what they were doing as “behavioral science.”

Vertical: The City From Satellites to Bunkers by Stephen Graham

1960s counterculture, Anthropocene, Bandra-Worli Sea Link, Berlin Wall, Boris Johnson, Buckminster Fuller, Buy land – they’re not making it any more, Chelsea Manning, commodity super cycle, creative destruction, Crossrail, deindustrialization, digital capitalism, digital divide, digital map, Dr. Strangelove, drone strike, Edward Glaeser, Edward Snowden, Elisha Otis, energy security, Frank Gehry, gentrification, ghettoisation, Google Earth, Gunnar Myrdal, high net worth, housing crisis, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, Indoor air pollution, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Jane Jacobs, late capitalism, Leo Hollis, Lewis Mumford, low earth orbit, mass immigration, means of production, megacity, megaproject, megastructure, military-industrial complex, moral panic, mutually assured destruction, new economy, New Urbanism, no-fly zone, nuclear winter, oil shale / tar sands, planetary scale, plutocrats, post-industrial society, Project Plowshare, rent control, Richard Florida, Right to Buy, Ronald Reagan, security theater, Skype, South China Sea, space junk, Strategic Defense Initiative, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, trickle-down economics, urban decay, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, vertical integration, Virgin Galactic, white flight, WikiLeaks, William Langewiesche

Then searchlights above and ack-ack [anti-aircraft shells] around you. There was always a weird feeling of unreality in Bomber Command. You were living in, say, Cambridgeshire or Norfolk; you were thinking of friends, pubs, girls, even intellectual pursuits. Then you launched for 8 hours into a different world at 20,000 ft. over Germany.28 Historian Howard Zinn, prompted by Elin O’Hara Slavick’s extraordinary artworks mapping the diverse sites and cities across the world bombed by the US Air Force over the last century,29 comments on how darkly ironic it is that her abstract and ‘God’s-eye’ maps – so apparently similar to the aerial surveys and photographs that sustained bombing campaigns – should powerfully evoke the visceral and bloody horror at ground level.

The Science of Language by Noam Chomsky

Alan Turing: On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem, Alfred Russel Wallace, backpropagation, British Empire, Brownian motion, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, dark matter, Drosophila, epigenetics, finite state, Great Leap Forward, Howard Zinn, language acquisition, phenotype, public intellectual, statistical model, stem cell, Steven Pinker, Stuart Kauffman, theory of mind, trolley problem

If you go to Finland – Carol and I noticed as soon as we were there – they just walk differently. These older women carrying shopping bags racing down the streets; we could barely keep up. It's just the way they walk. People just pick that up. I remember once when Carol and I were walking down the streets in Wellfleet [Massachusetts] one summer and Howard Zinn was walking in front of us, and right next to him was his son, Jeff Zinn. And the two of them had exactly the same posture. Children just pick these things up. If people really studied things like styles of walking, I'm sure that they'd find something like dialect variation. Think about it: you can identify somebody who grew up in England just by mannerisms.

Year 501 by Noam Chomsky

air traffic controllers' union, anti-communist, Bartolomé de las Casas, Berlin Wall, Bolshevik threat, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business cycle, capital controls, Caribbean Basin Initiative, classic study, colonial rule, corporate governance, cuban missile crisis, declining real wages, Deng Xiaoping, deskilling, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, European colonialism, experimental subject, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Howard Zinn, invisible hand, land reform, land tenure, long peace, mass incarceration, means of production, Monroe Doctrine, Nixon triggered the end of the Bretton Woods system, non-tariff barriers, offshore financial centre, plutocrats, price stability, Ralph Nader, Ralph Waldo Emerson, RAND corporation, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, scientific management, Simon Kuznets, strikebreaker, structural adjustment programs, the scientific method, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, trade liberalization, trickle-down economics, union organizing, War on Poverty, working poor

American Power and the New Mandarins (Pantheon, 1969) [APNW] —At War With Asia (Pantheon, 1970) [AWWA] —For Reasons of State (Pantheon, 1973) [FRS] —Towards a New Cold War (Pantheon, 1982) [TNCW] —Fateful Triangle (South End, 1983) [FT] —Turning the Tide (South End, 1985) [TTT] —Pirates and Emperors (Claremont, Black Rose, 1986; Amana, 1988) [P&E] —On Power and Ideology (South End, 1986) [PI] —Culture of Terrorism (South End, 1988) [CT] —Necessary Illusions (South End, 1989) [NI] —Deterring Democracy (Verso, 1990; updated edition, Hill & Wang, 1991) [DD] —Rethinking Camelot, (South End Press, 1993) [RC] —, and Edward Herman. Political Economy of Human Rights (South End, 1979) [PEHR] —and Howard Zinn, eds. Pentagon Papers, vol. 5, Analytic Essays and Index (Beacon, 1972) [PPV] Clairmonte, Frederick. Economic Liberalism and Underdevelopment (Asia Publishing House, 1960) Cooper, Chester. The Lost Crusade (Dodd, Mead, 1970) Cumings, Bruce. The Origins of the Korean War, vol. II (Princeton, 1990) Daws, Gavan, Shoal of Time (Macmillan, 1968) Debo, Angie.

Wealth and Poverty: A New Edition for the Twenty-First Century by George Gilder

accelerated depreciation, affirmative action, Albert Einstein, Bear Stearns, Bernie Madoff, book value, British Empire, business cycle, capital controls, clean tech, cloud computing, collateralized debt obligation, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, crony capitalism, deindustrialization, diversified portfolio, Donald Trump, equal pay for equal work, floating exchange rates, full employment, gentrification, George Gilder, Gunnar Myrdal, Home mortgage interest deduction, Howard Zinn, income inequality, independent contractor, inverted yield curve, invisible hand, Jane Jacobs, Jeff Bezos, job automation, job-hopping, Joseph Schumpeter, junk bonds, knowledge economy, labor-force participation, longitudinal study, low interest rates, margin call, Mark Zuckerberg, means of production, medical malpractice, Michael Milken, minimum wage unemployment, Money creation, money market fund, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, Mont Pelerin Society, moral hazard, mortgage debt, non-fiction novel, North Sea oil, paradox of thrift, Paul Samuelson, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, post-industrial society, power law, price stability, Ralph Nader, rent control, Robert Gordon, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, San Francisco homelessness, scientific management, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, Skinner box, skunkworks, Solyndra, Steve Jobs, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, upwardly mobile, urban renewal, volatility arbitrage, War on Poverty, women in the workforce, working poor, working-age population, yield curve, zero-sum game

Most of the world, then as now, was engaged in one of its periodic revulsions against capitalist “greed” and waste. Lester Thurow of MIT was proclaiming a Zero-Sum Society, where henceforth any gains for the rich must be extracted from the poor and middle classes. William Sloane Coffin, the formidable Yale chaplain, was inveighing against capitalist orgies of greed and environmental devastation. Howard Zinn and Noam Chomsky were denouncing Western capitalism for displacing American Indians and condemning Israel for displacing Palestinians. Edward Said was conducting his Columbia classes (fatefully introducing the works of Frantz Fanon to future President Barack Obama) on Western psychological colonization and hegemonic evisceration of the entire Third World.

If Mayors Ruled the World: Dysfunctional Nations, Rising Cities by Benjamin R. Barber

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Aaron Swartz, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, American Legislative Exchange Council, Berlin Wall, bike sharing, borderless world, Boris Johnson, Bretton Woods, British Empire, car-free, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, Celebration, Florida, classic study, clean water, congestion pricing, corporate governance, Crossrail, crowdsourcing, David Brooks, desegregation, Detroit bankruptcy, digital divide, digital Maoism, digital rights, disinformation, disintermediation, edge city, Edward Glaeser, Edward Snowden, Etonian, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, feminist movement, Filter Bubble, gentrification, George Gilder, ghettoisation, global pandemic, global village, Hernando de Soto, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, In Cold Blood by Truman Capote, income inequality, informal economy, information retrieval, Jane Jacobs, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, Lewis Mumford, London Interbank Offered Rate, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, Marshall McLuhan, Masdar, megacity, microcredit, Mikhail Gorbachev, mortgage debt, mutually assured destruction, new economy, New Urbanism, Nicholas Carr, Norman Mailer, nuclear winter, obamacare, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Peace of Westphalia, Pearl River Delta, peer-to-peer, planetary scale, plutocrats, Prenzlauer Berg, profit motive, Ralph Waldo Emerson, RFID, Richard Florida, Ronald Reagan, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, SimCity, Skype, smart cities, smart meter, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, technological determinism, technological solutionism, TED Talk, Telecommunications Act of 1996, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, The future is already here, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tobin tax, Tony Hsieh, trade route, UNCLOS, UNCLOS, unpaid internship, urban sprawl, Virgin Galactic, War on Poverty, zero-sum game

Engerman, Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery, Boston: Little, Brown, 1974. More attention was given to its seeming exoneration of slavery, at least from an economic perspective, but its intention was more to underscore the powerful inequalities of urban capitalism. 23. For more on the “Southern Mystique,” see Howard Zinn, The Southern Mystique, Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 2002. 24. C. V. Wedgwood, ed., The Trial of Charles I, London: Folio Press: J. M. Dent, 1974, pp. 88–91. Profile 3. Boris Johnson of London 1. John F. Burns, “Athletes Arrive in London, and Run into a Dead End,” New York Times, July 14, 2012. 2. “105 Minutes with Boris Johnson,” interview with Carl Swanson, New York Magazine, June 17, 2012. 3.

Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire by Michael Hardt, Antonio Negri

"World Economic Forum" Davos, affirmative action, air traffic controllers' union, Berlin Wall, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business cycle, classic study, conceptual framework, continuation of politics by other means, David Graeber, Defenestration of Prague, deskilling, disinformation, emotional labour, Fall of the Berlin Wall, feminist movement, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, friendly fire, global village, Great Leap Forward, Howard Rheingold, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, Joseph Schumpeter, land reform, land tenure, late capitalism, liberation theology, means of production, military-industrial complex, Naomi Klein, new economy, Paul Samuelson, Pier Paolo Pasolini, post-Fordism, post-work, private military company, race to the bottom, RAND corporation, reserve currency, Richard Stallman, Slavoj Žižek, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, The Chicago School, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, Tobin tax, transaction costs, union organizing, War on Poverty, Washington Consensus

(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1959), 1: 168, 173. 31Jefferson’s Letters, ed. Willson Whitman (Eau Claire, WI: Hale and Company, nd), 83. David McCullough recounts Abigail Adams’s displeasure with Thomas Jefferson over Shays’ Rebellion in John Adams (New York: Touchstone, 2001), 368-71. For a brief, useful historial analysis of Shays’ Rebellion, see Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States (New York: HarperCollins, 1980), 92-93. 32 See Charles Beard, An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States (New York: Macmillan, 1914). 33 Karl Marx, Civil War in France: The Paris Commune (New York: International Publishers), 57-58. 34 Karl Marx, Civil War in France, 65; and Lenin, State and Revolution (New York: International Publishers, 1988), 37, 41. 35 On the experiences of the Russian Soviets, see Oskar Anweiler, Die Rätebewegung in Russland, 1905-1932 (Leiden, Holland: Brill, 1958).

If Then: How Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future by Jill Lepore

A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Alvin Toffler, anti-communist, Apollo 11, Buckminster Fuller, Cambridge Analytica, company town, computer age, coronavirus, cuban missile crisis, data science, desegregation, don't be evil, Donald Trump, Dr. Strangelove, Elon Musk, fake news, game design, George Gilder, Grace Hopper, Hacker Ethic, Howard Zinn, index card, information retrieval, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, Jeffrey Epstein, job automation, John Perry Barlow, land reform, linear programming, Mahatma Gandhi, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, mass incarceration, Maui Hawaii, Menlo Park, military-industrial complex, New Journalism, New Urbanism, Norbert Wiener, Norman Mailer, packet switching, Peter Thiel, profit motive, punch-card reader, RAND corporation, Robert Bork, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, SimCity, smart cities, social distancing, South China Sea, Stewart Brand, technoutopianism, Ted Sorensen, Telecommunications Act of 1996, urban renewal, War on Poverty, white flight, Whole Earth Catalog

He had an extraordinary capacity to keep calm. He pointed out that students had been invited to the Project Cambridge planning meetings but none had ever shown up. He issued the invitation all over again.67 But he was overshadowed by the day’s other speakers: Noam Chomsky and the Boston University political scientist and activist Howard Zinn.68 In October, about 150 students demonstrated at MIT’s Center for International Studies, where both Ellsberg and Pool had offices. Demonstrators handed out leaflets that read, “Meet your local war criminal; come to the CIS.” Ellsberg had by now begun speaking against the war, allying himself with Chomsky and Zinn; secretly he was also engaged in the very dangerous work of trying to get the Pentagon Papers into the hands of the chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, J.

Necessary Illusions by Noam Chomsky

anti-communist, Ayatollah Khomeini, British Empire, centre right, collective bargaining, colonial rule, cuban missile crisis, disinformation, full employment, Howard Zinn, Khyber Pass, Korean Air Lines Flight 007, land reform, long peace, military-industrial complex, New Journalism, Ronald Reagan, Strategic Defense Initiative, strikebreaker, union organizing

By the late 1960s, it was already clear that these were the basic factors behind the U.S. intervention in Southeast Asia, which, in U.S. global planning, was to be reconstituted as a “co-prosperity sphere” for Japan, within the U.S.-dominated Grand Area, while also serving as a market and source of raw materials and recycled dollars for the reconstruction of Western European capitalism. See my At War with Asia (Pantheon, 1970, introduction); For Reasons of State (Pantheon, 1973); Chomsky and Howard Zinn, eds., Critical Essays, vol. 5 of the Pentagon Papers (Beacon, 1972); and other work of the period. See also, among others, Borden, Pacific Alliance; Michael Schaller, The American Occupation of Japan (Oxford, 1985); Rotter, Path to Vietnam. 14. Acheson, Present at the Creation (Norton, 1969, 374, 489); Borden, op. cit, 44, 144. 15.

Who Stole the American Dream? by Hedrick Smith

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbus A320, airline deregulation, Alan Greenspan, anti-communist, asset allocation, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, Boeing 747, Bonfire of the Vanities, British Empire, business cycle, business process, clean water, cloud computing, collateralized debt obligation, collective bargaining, commoditize, corporate governance, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, currency manipulation / currency intervention, David Brooks, Deng Xiaoping, desegregation, Double Irish / Dutch Sandwich, family office, financial engineering, Ford Model T, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, global supply chain, Gordon Gekko, guest worker program, guns versus butter model, high-speed rail, hiring and firing, housing crisis, Howard Zinn, income inequality, independent contractor, index fund, industrial cluster, informal economy, invisible hand, John Bogle, Joseph Schumpeter, junk bonds, Kenneth Rogoff, Kitchen Debate, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, laissez-faire capitalism, Larry Ellison, late fees, Long Term Capital Management, low cost airline, low interest rates, manufacturing employment, market fundamentalism, Maui Hawaii, mega-rich, Michael Shellenberger, military-industrial complex, MITM: man-in-the-middle, mortgage debt, negative equity, new economy, Occupy movement, Own Your Own Home, Paul Samuelson, Peter Thiel, Plutonomy: Buying Luxury, Explaining Global Imbalances, Ponzi scheme, Powell Memorandum, proprietary trading, Ralph Nader, RAND corporation, Renaissance Technologies, reshoring, rising living standards, Robert Bork, Robert Shiller, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, shareholder value, Shenzhen was a fishing village, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Solyndra, Steve Jobs, stock buybacks, tech worker, Ted Nordhaus, The Chicago School, The Spirit Level, too big to fail, transaction costs, transcontinental railway, union organizing, Unsafe at Any Speed, Vanguard fund, We are the 99%, women in the workforce, working poor, Y2K

Treasury Department, “Capital Gains and Taxes Paid on Capital Gains for Returns with Positive Net Capital Gains, 1954–2008,” http://​www.​ustreas.​gov/​offices/​tax-​policy/​library/​capgain1–​2010.​pdf. 36 Garner roughly half of all capital gains Robert Lenzner, “The Top 0.1% of the Nation Earn Half of All Capital Gains,” Forbes, November 20, 2011. 37 “If you make money with money” “Warren Buffett Tells Charlie Rose Why Congress Should Stop ‘Coddling’ the Super-Rich,” transcript, PBS, Charlie Rose, August 17, 2011, http://​www.​cnbc.​com. 38 Personally, Buffett admitted Ibid.; and Warren Buffett, “Stop Coddling the Rich,” The New York Times, August 14, 2011. 39 The Forbes 400 Richest Americans Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States, 1492–Present (New York: HarperCollins, 1999), 580; see also Conor Dougherty, “Income Slides to 1996 Levels,” The Wall Street Journal, September 13, 2011; Census Bureau, “Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2010.” 40 The Bush tax cuts Internal Revenue Service, U.S.

The Cold War: Stories From the Big Freeze by Bridget Kendall

anti-communist, Berlin Wall, British Empire, collective bargaining, colonial rule, cuban missile crisis, Deng Xiaoping, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, European colonialism, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Great Leap Forward, Howard Zinn, Korean Air Lines Flight 007, land reform, Mikhail Gorbachev, Monroe Doctrine, mutually assured destruction, open borders, Prenzlauer Berg, Ronald Reagan, Suez canal 1869, white flight

This would lead to him deciding to testify at the Winter Soldier event organised by Vietnam Veterans Against the War. When I came home, I was very hostile to the anti-war movement. When I started college, people would wear black armbands to protest the war and I would wear my Marine Corps tropical shirt and I would bump into them and try to pick fights. Then I read a book [Vietnam: The Logic of Withdrawal by Howard Zinn (1967)], and when I learned the true history of Vietnam, about how we broke our word, it made me really angry, like, my country broke its word – I couldn’t believe it. They lied to us – I was really angry about that. Then the Pentagon Papers came out and I got to read that, about how much more lying the government did to us.

Tools of Titans: The Tactics, Routines, and Habits of Billionaires, Icons, and World-Class Performers by Timothy Ferriss

Abraham Maslow, Adam Curtis, Airbnb, Alexander Shulgin, Alvin Toffler, An Inconvenient Truth, artificial general intelligence, asset allocation, Atul Gawande, augmented reality, back-to-the-land, Ben Horowitz, Bernie Madoff, Bertrand Russell: In Praise of Idleness, Beryl Markham, billion-dollar mistake, Black Swan, Blue Bottle Coffee, Blue Ocean Strategy, blue-collar work, book value, Boris Johnson, Buckminster Fuller, business process, Cal Newport, call centre, caloric restriction, caloric restriction, Carl Icahn, Charles Lindbergh, Checklist Manifesto, cognitive bias, cognitive dissonance, Colonization of Mars, Columbine, commoditize, correlation does not imply causation, CRISPR, David Brooks, David Graeber, deal flow, digital rights, diversification, diversified portfolio, do what you love, Donald Trump, effective altruism, Elon Musk, fail fast, fake it until you make it, fault tolerance, fear of failure, Firefox, follow your passion, fulfillment center, future of work, Future Shock, Girl Boss, Google X / Alphabet X, growth hacking, Howard Zinn, Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, Jeff Bezos, job satisfaction, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, John Markoff, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, Lao Tzu, lateral thinking, life extension, lifelogging, Mahatma Gandhi, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Mason jar, Menlo Park, microdosing, Mikhail Gorbachev, MITM: man-in-the-middle, Neal Stephenson, Nelson Mandela, Nicholas Carr, Nick Bostrom, off-the-grid, optical character recognition, PageRank, Paradox of Choice, passive income, pattern recognition, Paul Graham, peer-to-peer, Peter H. Diamandis: Planetary Resources, Peter Singer: altruism, Peter Thiel, phenotype, PIHKAL and TIHKAL, post scarcity, post-work, power law, premature optimization, private spaceflight, QWERTY keyboard, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, rent-seeking, Richard Feynman, risk tolerance, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, selection bias, sharing economy, side project, Silicon Valley, skunkworks, Skype, Snapchat, Snow Crash, social graph, software as a service, software is eating the world, stem cell, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, superintelligent machines, TED Talk, Tesla Model S, The future is already here, the long tail, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thomas L Friedman, traumatic brain injury, trolley problem, vertical integration, Wall-E, Washington Consensus, We are as Gods, Whole Earth Catalog, Y Combinator, zero-sum game

(Ron Chernow), How to Live: Or a Life of Montaigne in One Question and Twenty Attempts at an Answer (Sarah Bakewell), The Fish that Ate the Whale: The Life and Times of America’s Banana King; Tough Jews (Rich Cohen), Edison: A Biography (Matthew Josephson), Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph over Adversity (Brooks Simpson), Fahrenheit 451 (Ray Bradbury) Honnold, Alex: A People’s History of the United States (Howard Zinn), Sacred Economics: Money, Gift, and Society in the Age of Transition (Charles Eisenstein) Jarvis, Chase: Steal Like an Artist; Show Your Work! (Austin Kleon), The 22 Immutable Laws of Marketing (Al Ries and Jack Trout), Trust Me, I’m Lying: Confessions of a Media Manipulator (Ryan Holiday), The Rise of Superman (Steven Kotler), Daring Greatly (Brené Brown), Unlabel: Selling You Without Selling Out (Marc Eckō), Play It Away: A Workaholic’s Cure for Anxiety (Charlie Hoehn), Jab, Jab, Jab, Right Hook (Gary Vaynerchuk) John, Daymond: Think & Grow Rich (Napoleon Hill), Who Moved My Cheese?

Understanding Power by Noam Chomsky

anti-communist, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, Bretton Woods, British Empire, Burning Man, business climate, business cycle, cognitive dissonance, continuous integration, Corn Laws, cuban missile crisis, dark matter, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, deskilling, disinformation, European colonialism, Fall of the Berlin Wall, feminist movement, gentrification, global reserve currency, guns versus butter model, Howard Zinn, junk bonds, Korean Air Lines Flight 007, liberation theology, Mahatma Gandhi, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, Monroe Doctrine, mortgage tax deduction, Nixon triggered the end of the Bretton Woods system, Paul Samuelson, Ralph Nader, reserve currency, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, school choice, Strategic Defense Initiative, strikebreaker, structural adjustment programs, systems thinking, the scientific method, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, union organizing, wage slave, women in the workforce

I mean, huge crowds come out to listen to your talks all around the country, those people might support something like that and want to begin getting involved with it. Well, it’s true about the audiences—but I don’t think that has to do with name-recognition or anything like that. See, there are only about ten people in the country, literally, who do this kind of thing—John Stockwell, Alex Cockburn, Dan Ellsberg, Howard Zinn, Holly Sklar, only a couple others—and we all get the same reaction. I think it’s just a matter of people all over the country being hungry to hear a different viewpoint. And what’s more, we all get the same reaction wherever we go—it’s the same in towns where nobody’s ever heard of me. Like, I was in central Michigan last week, they didn’t know who I was from Adam, but it was the same kind of crowd.

The Rough Guide to New York City by Rough Guides

3D printing, Airbnb, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, bike sharing, Blue Bottle Coffee, Bonfire of the Vanities, Broken windows theory, Buckminster Fuller, buttonwood tree, car-free, centre right, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, clean water, collateralized debt obligation, colonial rule, congestion pricing, Cornelius Vanderbilt, crack epidemic, David Sedaris, Donald Trump, Downton Abbey, East Village, Edward Thorp, Elisha Otis, Exxon Valdez, Frank Gehry, General Motors Futurama, gentrification, glass ceiling, greed is good, haute couture, haute cuisine, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, index fund, it's over 9,000, Jane Jacobs, junk bonds, Kickstarter, Lewis Mumford, Lyft, machine readable, Nelson Mandela, Norman Mailer, paper trading, Ponzi scheme, post-work, pre–internet, rent stabilization, ride hailing / ride sharing, Saturday Night Live, Scaled Composites, starchitect, subprime mortgage crisis, sustainable-tourism, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the High Line, transcontinental railway, Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, uber lyft, upwardly mobile, urban decay, urban planning, urban renewal, white flight, Works Progress Administration, Yogi Berra, young professional

Anyone can visit BLDG 92 to get acquainted with some Navy Yard history; a modular, energy-efficient glass structure is attached to an 1857 brick house originally built for the marine commandant and now a museum holding three floors’ worth of exhibitions. Linger over models of well-known ships built at the yard, including the USS Ohio, Maine and Missouri, and hear oral history from the likes of historian Howard Zinn, who worked at the yards in his youth. To appreciate what the place was, and what it’s become, it’s essential to take one of the fascinating tours. The most frequent of those, an overview called “Past, Present and Future” (others include World War II tours and kids’ detective tours), goes into great detail on the yard’s former military importance – an astonishing 71,000 people worked here during World War II – and its current redevelopment.

Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism by Peter Marshall

agricultural Revolution, anti-communist, anti-globalists, Bertrand Russell: In Praise of Idleness, classic study, clean water, collective bargaining, colonial rule, David Graeber, different worldview, do-ocracy, feminist movement, garden city movement, gentleman farmer, Great Leap Forward, Herbert Marcuse, hive mind, Howard Zinn, intentional community, invisible hand, laissez-faire capitalism, land reform, land tenure, Lao Tzu, Lewis Mumford, liberation theology, Machinery of Freedom by David Friedman, Mahatma Gandhi, means of production, military-industrial complex, MITM: man-in-the-middle, Murray Bookchin, Naomi Klein, open borders, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, plutocrats, post scarcity, profit motive, public intellectual, radical decentralization, Ralph Waldo Emerson, rewilding, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, sexual politics, the market place, union organizing, wage slave, washing machines reduced drudgery

—NAT HENTOFF, The Village Voice FOR ALL THE PEOPLE Uncovering the Hidden History of Cooperation, Cooperative Movements, and Communalism in America Paperback | 6″ × 9″ | 506 pages | $28.95 | ISBN: 978–1–60486–072–6 “It is indeed inspiring, in the face of all the misguided praise of ‘the market’, to be reminded by John Curl’s new book of the noble history of cooperative work in the United States.” —HOWARD ZINN, author of A People’s History of the United States The survival of indigenous communities and the first European settlers alike depended on a deeply cooperative style of living and working, based around common lands, shared food and labor. Cooperative movements proved integral to the grassroots organizations and struggles challenging the domination of unbridled capitalism in America’s formative years.

The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East by Robert Fisk

Albert Einstein, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, Boycotts of Israel, bread and circuses, British Empire, call centre, clean water, colonial rule, cuban missile crisis, disinformation, dual-use technology, Farzad Bazoft, friendly fire, Howard Zinn, IFF: identification friend or foe, invisible hand, Islamic Golden Age, Khartoum Gordon, Khyber Pass, land reform, Mahatma Gandhi, Mikhail Gorbachev, music of the spheres, no-fly zone, Oklahoma City bombing, Ronald Reagan, Seymour Hersh, Suez canal 1869, Suez crisis 1956, the market place, Thomas L Friedman, Timothy McVeigh, Transnistria, unemployed young men, uranium enrichment, Yom Kippur War

All holders, of course, believe that “historians” must primarily decide the truth, an expression that precludes evidence from the dwindling survivors of the massacres. All this prompted 150 Holocaust scholars and historians to call upon Turkey to end its campaign of denial; they included Lifton, Israel Charny, Yehuda Bauer, Howard Zinn and Deborah Lipstadt. They failed. It was Elie Wiesel who first said that denial of genocide was a “double killing.” First the victims are slaughtered— and then their deaths are turned into a non-event, an “un-fact.” The dead die twice. The survivors suffer and are then told they did not suffer, that they are lying.

USA Travel Guide by Lonely, Planet

1960s counterculture, active transport: walking or cycling, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Albert Einstein, Apollo 11, Apollo 13, Asilomar, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, big-box store, bike sharing, Biosphere 2, Bretton Woods, British Empire, Burning Man, California gold rush, call centre, car-free, carbon footprint, centre right, Charles Lindbergh, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, congestion pricing, Cornelius Vanderbilt, cotton gin, cuban missile crisis, Day of the Dead, desegregation, Donald Trump, Donner party, Dr. Strangelove, East Village, edge city, El Camino Real, fake news, Fall of the Berlin Wall, feminist movement, Ford Model T, Frank Gehry, gentleman farmer, gentrification, glass ceiling, global village, Golden Gate Park, Guggenheim Bilbao, Haight Ashbury, haute couture, haute cuisine, Hernando de Soto, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, immigration reform, information trail, interchangeable parts, intermodal, jitney, Ken Thompson, Kickstarter, license plate recognition, machine readable, Mars Rover, Mason jar, mass immigration, Maui Hawaii, McMansion, Menlo Park, military-industrial complex, Monroe Doctrine, Neil Armstrong, new economy, New Urbanism, obamacare, off grid, off-the-grid, Quicken Loans, Ralph Nader, Ralph Waldo Emerson, retail therapy, RFID, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, Saturday Night Live, Silicon Valley, South of Market, San Francisco, starchitect, stealth mode startup, stem cell, supervolcano, the built environment, The Chicago School, the High Line, the payments system, three-martini lunch, trade route, transcontinental railway, union organizing, Upton Sinclair, upwardly mobile, urban decay, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, Virgin Galactic, walkable city, white flight, working poor, Works Progress Administration, young professional, Zipcar

Earlier settlements had ended badly, and Jamestown almost did too: the English chose a swamp, planted their crops late and died from disease and starvation. Some despairing colonists ran off to live with the local tribes, who provided the settlement with enough aid to survive. If history is a partisan affair, Howard Zinn makes his allegiance clear in A People ’ s History of the United States (1980 & 2005), which tells the often-overlooked stories about laborers, minorities, immigrants, women and radicals. For Jamestown and America, 1619 proved a pivotal year: the colony established the House of Burgesses, a representative assembly of citizens to decide local laws, and it received its first boatload of 20 African slaves.