housing justice

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Sunbelt Blues: The Failure of American Housing by Andrew Ross

8-hour work day, Airbnb, barriers to entry, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, carbon footprint, Celebration, Florida, clean water, climate change refugee, company town, coronavirus, corporate raider, COVID-19, do what you love, Donald Trump, drive until you qualify, edge city, El Camino Real, emotional labour, financial innovation, fixed income, gentrification, gig economy, global supply chain, green new deal, Hernando de Soto, Home mortgage interest deduction, housing crisis, Housing First, housing justice, industrial cluster, informal economy, Jeff Bezos, land bank, late fees, lockdown, Lyft, megaproject, military-industrial complex, minimum wage unemployment, mortgage tax deduction, New Urbanism, open immigration, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, Peter Calthorpe, pill mill, rent control, rent gap, rent stabilization, restrictive zoning, Richard Florida, San Francisco homelessness, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, smart cities, social distancing, starchitect, tech bro, the built environment, traffic fines, uber lyft, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, working poor

Stone, and Chester Hartman, A Right to Housing: Foundations for a New Social Agenda (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2006); and David Madden and Peter Marcuse, In Defense of Housing: The Politics of Crisis (London: Verso, 2016). 10.  The Housing Justice National Platform (https://www.housingjusticeplatform.org/) was endorsed by dozens of movement groups and organizations, including the Alliance for Housing Justice, Action Center for Race and the Economy, Center for Popular Democracy, People’s Action, Right to the City Alliance, Homes for All, and MH Action. For an overview of the issues, see Homes for All and Right to the City Alliance, Communities over Commodities: People-Driven Alternatives to an Unjust Housing System (March 2018). Regionally, the Florida Housing Justice Alliance includes Miami Workers Center, Community Justice Project, Organize Florida, MHAction, SEIU FL, New Florida Majority, Family Action Network Movement, Struggle for Miami’s Affordable and Sustainable Housing (SMASH), and Catalyst Miami. 11.  

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We must learn from these places if we want to fulfill the aspiration of “a decent home and a suitable living environment for every American family”—the goal set by the landmark Housing Act of 1949, a core accomplishment of Harry Truman’s Fair Deal.9 The public housing and urban renewal projects ushered in by that legislation were flawed in their implementation and were anything but fair in their impact on minority populations. But the stated goal was a righteous one and comfortably attainable for the richest country in the world. Today, the ambition of the 1949 act is carried on by the housing justice movement, with its renewed focus on renter rights, tenant organization, and the rallying cry of “Homes for All.”10 THE DIFFERENT FACES OF A CRISIS Although it is national in scope, the US housing crisis looks quite different from place to place. Housing markets are intensely local, so pricing and rent gaps can vary greatly even within a single metro area, and even more so between them: consider the great disparity in housing affordability between, say, Boston and Detroit, or between space-starved cities in the Frostbelt and those in the Sunbelt regions with room still to spread out.

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“That’s so foreign to me,” she said, eyes widening. “I can’t begin to say. It’s not even a thing that’s talked about around here.” In fact, Florida is one of thirty-seven states where rent controls are prohibited or preempted. The Tallahassee legislature routinely kills any bill remotely sympathetic to the goals of the housing justice movement. In 2019, Organize Florida activists proposed a “Housing Bill of Rights” that included rent control, and they persuaded some state lawmakers to draft a bill, but it did not get a hearing. In a response that appeared to be punitive, the GOP-dominated legislature then passed a sweeping act that blocks counties and municipalities from mandating the inclusion of affordable housing units in future developments.14 At the national level, federal policy for the past four decades, under Democratic and Republican administrations alike, has looked to the for-profit market as the principal provider of housing.

Silicon City: San Francisco in the Long Shadow of the Valley by Cary McClelland

affirmative action, Airbnb, algorithmic bias, Apple II, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, Black Lives Matter, Burning Man, clean water, cloud computing, cognitive dissonance, Columbine, computer vision, creative destruction, driverless car, El Camino Real, Elon Musk, Fairchild Semiconductor, full employment, gamification, gentrification, gig economy, Golden Gate Park, Google bus, Google Glasses, high net worth, housing crisis, housing justice, income inequality, John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow, Joseph Schumpeter, Loma Prieta earthquake, Lyft, mass immigration, means of production, Menlo Park, Mitch Kapor, open immigration, PalmPilot, rent control, Salesforce, San Francisco homelessness, self-driving car, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Skype, Social Justice Warrior, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, TaskRabbit, tech bro, tech worker, transcontinental railway, Travis Kalanick, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, urban planning, vertical integration, William Shockley: the traitorous eight, young professional

Meanwhile, they dodged billions of dollars in taxes. This act is largely symbolic, and it’s a fraction of what they should be doing. People are used to making too much money and they don’t feel a personal responsibility for what’s happening. They could start an initiative with their coworkers for housing justice, maybe consider giving away a huge portion of their income to mirror the median income of their neighbors. Because until you’re on equal footing, you’re not gonna experience what it’s like to survive on what many of your neighbors make. So you’re not incentivized to fight alongside them. And because money controls the government, you start hearing people making excuses for this: “Don’t we have the right to earn more money and send our kids to better schools?

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If you think the inequities are bad now, they can get drastically worse. So the need for responsible stewardship is greater than ever. And so much is contingent on whether we do it right or not. There are no silver-bullet answers. Better economic opportunity, better mobilization of local resources, better housing, justice. Frankly, these are not problems that the Valley is good at solving. At least historically, it hasn’t been. The market has failed, our public institutions have failed. And people have a right to be angry. But there is an awakening of consciousness that’s happening. For me, it’s about how do we get resources into the people’s hands who are going after meaningful problems.

How to Kill a City: The Real Story of Gentrification by Peter Moskowitz

"Hurricane Katrina" Superdome, affirmative action, Airbnb, back-to-the-city movement, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, Blue Bottle Coffee, British Empire, clean water, collective bargaining, company town, David Brooks, deindustrialization, Detroit bankruptcy, do well by doing good, drive until you qualify, East Village, Edward Glaeser, fixed-gear, gentrification, Golden Gate Park, housing crisis, housing justice, income inequality, Jane Jacobs, Kickstarter, Kitchen Debate, land bank, late capitalism, messenger bag, mortgage tax deduction, Naomi Klein, new economy, New Urbanism, off-the-grid, private military company, profit motive, public intellectual, Quicken Loans, RAND corporation, rent control, rent gap, rent stabilization, restrictive zoning, Richard Florida, Ronald Reagan, school choice, Silicon Valley, starchitect, subprime mortgage crisis, tech worker, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the High Line, trickle-down economics, urban planning, urban renewal, white flight, working poor, Works Progress Administration, young professional

To activists, the event highlighted everything wrong with the new San Francisco, a city more concerned with the welcome offered to outsiders than with the lives of the city’s most vulnerable. Hundreds took to the streets. “You have mass displacement, you have homeless people being pushed from one neighborhood to another,” Miguel Carrera, the housing justice organizer for the Coalition on Homelessness, told me. “And the mayor throws a party.” This is in many ways exactly what the city asked for. The tech industry here is for the most part greeted with open arms. People recognize the problem of gentrification, but this is a company town, and anything perceived as anti-tech gets blasted by well-funded industry groups, by the mayor and most of the city council, and usually by many of the city’s residents.

Bootstrapped: Liberating Ourselves From the American Dream by Alissa Quart

2021 United States Capitol attack, 3D printing, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Alan Greenspan, Bernie Sanders, Black Lives Matter, Burning Man, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carried interest, coronavirus, COVID-19, critical race theory, crowdsourcing, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, David Graeber, defund the police, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, financial independence, fixed income, George Floyd, gig economy, glass ceiling, high net worth, housing justice, hustle culture, illegal immigration, impact investing, income inequality, independent contractor, invisible hand, Jeff Bezos, lockdown, longitudinal study, loss aversion, Lyft, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, meta-analysis, microaggression, Milgram experiment, minimum wage unemployment, multilevel marketing, obamacare, Overton Window, payday loans, post-work, Ralph Waldo Emerson, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, Scientific racism, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, side hustle, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Snapchat, social distancing, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, tech worker, TED Talk, Travis Kalanick, trickle-down economics, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, union organizing, W. E. B. Du Bois, wealth creators, women in the workforce, working poor, Works Progress Administration

Pausing or simply slowing recertification and getting rid of in-person interviews for SNAP from now on would seriously streamline these procedures, giving people who require the aid access to it. We can also support activists among those who are financially stressed, who instead of bowing to impediments have put themselves on the line. These include those fighting for housing justice through rent strikes and also through imaginative and theatrical efforts, like KC Tenants in Kansas City, an organization led by self-described poor and working-class individuals who protest tenants (including sometimes themselves) being tossed out of their homes. That group’s activities also include the piquant “Slumlord Saturdays,” a social media campaign that publicized delinquent landlords who were pressing for evictions.

Other Pandemic: How QAnon Contaminated the World by James Ball

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 2021 United States Capitol attack, 4chan, Abraham Wald, algorithmic bias, Bellingcat, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, Boris Johnson, Charles Babbage, cognitive dissonance, Comet Ping Pong, coronavirus, COVID-19, crowdsourcing, deepfake, deplatforming, disinformation, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, fake news, false flag, Gabriella Coleman, global pandemic, green transition, housing justice, informal economy, Jeffrey Epstein, Jeremy Corbyn, John Perry Barlow, Jon Ronson, Julian Assange, lab leak, lockdown, lolcat, Mark Zuckerberg, meta-analysis, Minecraft, nuclear winter, paperclip maximiser, Peter Thiel, Piers Corbyn, post-truth, pre–internet, QAnon, real-name policy, Russell Brand, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Snapchat, social contagion, Steve Bannon, survivorship bias, TikTok, trade route, We are Anonymous. We are Legion, WikiLeaks

Nine months after the Hoover Dam siege, twenty-four-year-old Staten Island resident Anthony Comello came to believe a local crime boss was an agent of the cabal and believed his arrest or execution would be sanctioned by President Trump, who would ensure he would not be punished for the crime. Comello said he had intended to arrest his victim, but instead fatally shot him in the street. Comello had, a month before, tried to similarly arrest prominent democrats – including House Justice committee chair Adam Schiff.16 In 2020, Comello was found to be mentally unfit to stand trial. In 2019, thirty-seven-year-old Jessica Prim started live-streaming a journey from Illinois to New York, telling those watching that she had brought along one dozen knives and intended to ‘take out’ Joe Biden.

Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work by Nick Srnicek, Alex Williams

3D printing, additive manufacturing, air freight, algorithmic trading, anti-work, antiwork, back-to-the-land, banking crisis, basic income, battle of ideas, blockchain, Boris Johnson, Bretton Woods, business cycle, call centre, capital controls, capitalist realism, carbon footprint, carbon tax, Cass Sunstein, centre right, collective bargaining, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, David Graeber, decarbonisation, deep learning, deindustrialization, deskilling, Doha Development Round, Elon Musk, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, Ferguson, Missouri, financial independence, food miles, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, future of work, gender pay gap, general purpose technology, housing crisis, housing justice, income inequality, industrial robot, informal economy, intermodal, Internet Archive, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, Kickstarter, Kiva Systems, late capitalism, liberation theology, Live Aid, low skilled workers, manufacturing employment, market design, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, mass incarceration, means of production, megaproject, minimum wage unemployment, Modern Monetary Theory, Mont Pelerin Society, Murray Bookchin, neoliberal agenda, New Urbanism, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, Overton Window, patent troll, pattern recognition, Paul Samuelson, Philip Mirowski, post scarcity, post-Fordism, post-work, postnationalism / post nation state, precariat, precautionary principle, price stability, profit motive, public intellectual, quantitative easing, reshoring, Richard Florida, rising living standards, road to serfdom, Robert Gordon, Ronald Reagan, Second Machine Age, secular stagnation, self-driving car, Slavoj Žižek, social web, stakhanovite, Steve Jobs, surplus humans, synthetic biology, tacit knowledge, technological determinism, the built environment, The Chicago School, The Future of Employment, the long tail, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, universal basic income, wages for housework, warehouse automation, We are all Keynesians now, We are the 99%, women in the workforce, working poor, working-age population

(New York: Metropolitan Books, 2010). 7.Radix, ‘Fracking Sussex: The Threat of Shale Oil & Gas’, Frack Off, 2013, at frack-off.org.uk. In fact, the most successful force to stop fracking has been the market, with the recent drop in crude oil prices. 8.Eviction Free Zone, ‘Direct Action, Occupy Wall Street, and the Future of Housing Justice: An Interview with Noam Chomsky’, 2013, at libcom.org. 9.Adam Gabbatt, ‘Occupy Wall Street Activists Buy $15m of Americans’ Personal Debt’, Guardian, 12 November 2013. 10.Paul Mason, Live Working or Die Fighting: How the Working Class Went Global (London: Vintage, 2008). 11.Stephen Stich, From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science: The Case Against Belief (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1983); Patricia Churchland, Neurophilosophy: Towards a Unified Science of the Mind–Brain (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986).

Dreaming in Public: Building the Occupy Movement by Amy Lang, Daniel Lang/levitsky

activist lawyer, Bay Area Rapid Transit, bonus culture, British Empire, capitalist realism, clean water, cognitive dissonance, collective bargaining, corporate governance, corporate personhood, crowdsourcing, David Graeber, deindustrialization, different worldview, facts on the ground, gentrification, glass ceiling, housing crisis, housing justice, Kibera, late capitalism, lolcat, mass incarceration, military-industrial complex, Naomi Klein, Nelson Mandela, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, out of africa, plutocrats, Port of Oakland, Rosa Parks, Saturday Night Live, Slavoj Žižek, social contagion, structural adjustment programs, the medium is the message, too big to fail, trade liberalization, union organizing, upwardly mobile, urban renewal, War on Poverty, We are Anonymous. We are Legion, We are the 99%, white flight, working poor

The tactic emerged in other movements as well, to a limited degree – in 2008, the workers at Chicago’s Republic Windows and Doors held a 10-day sit-down strike to prevent a plant closure, the first in decades; and in February 2011, workers, students and community supporters set up a fully functioning community of occupiers within the Wisconsin state capitol building in an attempt to block anti-union legislation proposed by Governor Scott Walker. Each of these uses of long-term reclamation – of ‘occupation’ – wears on its sleeve connections to movements outside the US. Take Back the Land (and other housing justice organizations like New York City’s Picture the Homeless) takes the ongoing Brazilian Landless Movement (MST: Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra), begun in 1985, as a model and reference point. The workers at Republic cited as a precedent the many factories reclaimed in Argentina after the 2001 financial crisis alongside the US auto and steel sit-down strikes of the 1930s.

All the President's Men by Carl Bernstein, Bob Woodward

anti-communist, Berlin Wall, housing justice, Seymour Hersh

“That is the key phrase, the feeling that it all got out of hand. . . . Much of the intelligence-gathering was on their own campaign contributors, and some to check on the Democratic contributors—to check people out and sort of semi-blackmail them if something was found . . . a very heavy-handed operation.” Deep Throat had access to information from the White House, Justice, the FBI and CRP. What he knew represented an aggregate of hard information flowing in and out of many stations. Reluctantly, after prodding, he agreed that Woodward and Bernstein were correct about the involvement of higher-ups in the Watergate break-in and other illegal activities as well. Mitchell?

Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City by Matthew Desmond

affirmative action, Cass Sunstein, crack epidemic, Credit Default Swap, deindustrialization, desegregation, dumpster diving, ending welfare as we know it, fixed income, food desert, gentrification, ghettoisation, glass ceiling, Gunnar Myrdal, housing crisis, housing justice, informal economy, Jane Jacobs, jobless men, Kickstarter, late fees, Lewis Mumford, mass incarceration, New Urbanism, payday loans, price discrimination, profit motive, rent control, statistical model, superstar cities, The Chicago School, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, thinkpad, upwardly mobile, working poor, young professional

I am grateful for having presented parts of this project at the following institutions, where I received helpful feedback: the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, American Sociological Association, Australian National University, Brandeis University, British Sociological Association, Brown University, Center for Housing Policy, Columbia University, Duke University, Harvard University, Harvard Business School, Harvard Law School, Harvard School of Public Health, the Housing Justice Network, King’s College London, London School of Economics, National Low Income Housing Coalition Legislative Forum, Marquette University, Max Planck–Sciences Po Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, New York Law School, New York University Law School, Northwestern University, Population Association of America, Purdue University, Rice University, Stanford University, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Université de Paris, University of Aarhus, University of Amsterdam, University of California at Berkeley and the Boalt Law School, University of California at Los Angeles, University of Chicago, University of Georgia, University of Michigan, University of Pennsylvania, University of Queensland, University of Texas at Austin, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin at Madison, University of York, Urban Affairs Association, West Coast Poverty Center, Yale University, and the Yale Law School.

Dr. Johnson's London: Coffee-Houses and Climbing Boys, Medicine, Toothpaste and Gin, Poverty and Press-Gangs, Freakshows and Female Education by Liza Picard

A. Roger Ekirch, clean water, double entry bookkeeping, housing justice, it's over 9,000, joint-stock company, New Urbanism, plutocrats, South Sea Bubble

Dorothy: London Life in the Eighteenth Century Gill, John (‘Miss Beasley’) gin Gin Acts: (1736); (1751) girls: education of see schools Glasse, Hannah: Servant’s Directory Goldsmith, Oliver: The Deserted Village gonorrhea Goodge’s brickworks Gordon Riots (1780) Gough, Mr (menagerie owner) gout Grand Tour see foreign tours grave robbers Great Fire (1666) Green Park Gresham’s Institute Gretna Green Grosley, Pierre Jean: as source (A Tour to London); on lack of law enforcement officers; on road accidents; falls asleep in Kensington Gardens; on St James’s Park; on Lincoln’s Inn statues; visits Bedlam; sees executed highwaymen on gibbets; on teaching of French in England; on apprentices; attends synagogue service; on manners and behaviour; dislikes wine in England; admitted to club; on men’s conduct of business; bagnios; on prostitutes; and women’s fashion; on London dirt; lodgings; on maintaining lawns; on English seriousness at pleasure gardens; on shopping; on British Museum; on theatre; confused by English language; on smuggled French silk; on accepting gambling losses; describes trial of Lord Byron Grosvenor estate Grosvenor, Henrietta, Lady: adultery with Duke of Cumberland Grosvenor, Lord Grosvenor, Mary, Lady (née Davies) Grosvenor, Sir Thomas Grosvenor Square Guild of Master Bakers Guy Fawkes night Guy, Thomas Guy’s Hospital Gwynn, John Gwynn, Nell hackney coaches hairstyles Hamley’s toy shop Hampstead: as leisure area Handel, George Frederick: music for the royal fireworks, with rehearsal; Judas Maccabeus; Portugese wine-making may have caused death; statue in Vauxhall; life and works hanging in chains hangings see executions hangmen Hanover Hanover Square Hanway, Jonas Hanway, Captain Thomas Hardwicke, Lord Harley, Lord Hartshorne Lane Water Company harvest workers hats: men’s; etiquette of; caps hatters Hayman, Francis health; through gardening Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I hernias Hervey, Lord highwaymen; women as Hill, Dr John: Old Man’s Guide to Health and Longer Life Hoare, Henry Hogarth, Mary and Anne Hogarth, William: portrait of Coram; designs uniforms for Foundling Hospital children; paints supper boxes at Vauxhall; designs trade cards; as governor of Foundling Hospital; Analysis of Beauty (book); Beer Street; The Cockpit; The Enraged Musician; Evening; The First Stage of Cruely; The Four Stages of Cruelty; Gin Lane; The Good Samaritan; A Harlot’s Progress; The March to Finchley; Marriage à la Mode; Morning; Night; Noon; Pool of Bethesda; Rake’s Progress; The Reward of Cruelty; The Sleeping Congregation; Times of Day holidays homes homosexuality: brothels; sodomites pilloried hoops (petticoats) Horse Guards parade horses hospitals; governors and administration; efficacy; see also individual hospitals household remedies housemaids houses: middle-sized; small; regulations for; leases; for the rich; see also mansions housework Howard, John Huguenots: charitable aid for Hunt, John Hunter, John Hunter, William (surgeon) Hyde Park hygiene (personal) illness: among the poor; see also fevers; industrial diseases; kwashiorkor; rickets; scurvy immigrants: charitable aid for incomes: and occupation; businessmen’s; in professions; see also poor, the; wages Indians (North American) infant mortality Inns of Court inoculation see smallpox insanity: hospitals for; private madhouses interior decoration Irish: poor in London; undercut agreed wage rates ironing jewellery Jews: aid for immigrants; status as aliens Jockey Club Johnson, Samuel: in London; compiles Dictionary of the English Language; bad manners; on driving in post-chaise; travels by stage coach; on horseless carriages; on the poor; on deaths by starvation; visits Bedlam; on slavery; on gin; dismisses efficacy of Dominicetti’s fumigation; disapproves of periodic bloodletting; on Methodism; on marriage and celibacy; attends clubs; indifference to personal cleanliness; praises Ranelagh pleasure gardens; defends The Beggar’s Opera; on Boswell’s accent; on English speech; granted pension by George III; writes for Gentleman’s Magazine; employs negro servant; Irene (play) Johnson (servant): shot by Earl Ferrers Jonathan’s (coffee-house) Justices of the Peace Kalm, Per Keith, Revd Dr Kensington Gardens Kensington Palace Kent, William Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens kidnapping Kilmarnock, Lord King, Tom: coffee-house king’s evil Knightsbridge kwashiorkor labour relations Ladies’ Complete Pocket Book Ladies’ Diary or Women’s Almanac Ladies Dispensatory, The, or Every Woman Her Own Physician Ladies’ Magazine, The lady’s maid, duties of lap-dogs laundry work lavatories: indoor; in gardens; public lavatories; lack of, in St James’s Park; in Chesterfield House law enforcement lawyers: apprentices to; profession Layard (male midwife) Leadenhall market leases (building) Leicester House Leicester Fields (Square) libraries, circulating licensing laws life expectancy lighting: street; domestic Lincoln’s Inn literacy among the poor Literary Club Little Theatre, Haymarket livery companies livestock see animals Lloyd’s of London Lock Hospital, The (for venereal disease) locusts Loddiges, Joachim lodgings see accommodation London: population; geographical area London Advertiser London Bridge London Evening Post London Hospital, The Lord Mayor’s Christmas collection Lord Mayor’s procession lotteries Loudon (nurseryman) Lovat, Lord (execution of) love: and marriage Low-Life (anonymous pamphlet) Lowther, Lord Lowther, Sir James Lud Gate luncheon Lying-In Charity for Delivering Poor Women in Their Own Homes lying-in hospitals see maternity hospitals McLean (or Maclean; highwayman) Magdalen Charity mahogany make-up see cosmetics manners: at table; children’s; see also etiquette Mansfield, Lord Chief Justice mansions mantuas manure Marine Society market gardens markets; see also individual markets marriage: Fleet weddings; women and; Lord Hardwicke’s Act; ceremonies; legal age of; average age at; among rich; see also weddings Marylebone reservoir Masquier, Mrs (boarding-school keeper) Massie, Joseph: on family incomes; on charity for girls; on pepper consumption; on middle-income household expenses; on merchants’ earnings; on professions; and funeral costs; on the rich; Calculations of the Present Taxes … of each Rank, Degree or Class masturbation maternity hospitals Mauclerc, John Henry May Day May Fair Mead, Dr Richard measles medicine: folk remedies; patent medicines; see also doctors (medical) men: and conduct of business; clothes menageries: in the Tower of London; private menageries mental illness see insanity Merchant Taylors’ school merchants and traders mercury Methodism Methuen wine Middlesex Hospital Middleton, Sir Hugh midwifery and midwives Mile End militia: patrols in 1745 milk Mint, The Misaubin, ‘Dr’ Mitre Tavern, Charing Cross mobs: at public executions; and King Modena, Duke of Molesworth, Lady (house fire) money (coins and notes) Monument morality: and crime Moritz, Peter (Thames water-wheels) ‘Morocco men’ Morris, Arabella mourning Mozart, Leopold Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus muffs mumps music; see also oratorios Mutiny Act (1720) Napoleon Bonaparte: allegedly poisoned by arsenic Navy: recruits from Marine Society; seamen’s tickets; living conditions; as profession; prize money negroes: as slaves and servants New River New River Water Company New Road, the New Theatre, Haymarket Newberry, John Newgate Calendar: on Brownrigg trial Newgate prison newspapers Newton, Revd James night soil: collection of night wear Noble, Francis (bookshop and library) Norfolk, Duke of North Briton (journal) Northumberland House Northumberland, Duke of nursery maids nurserymen (‘florists’) nurses: in hospitals ‘oars’ (water taxis) occupations: and income; see also Massie, Joseph Old Bailey trials old people: charitable aid for; health opera opium: as anaesthetic oratorios orphans: asylums for; sale of outdoor relief Oxford, coaches to Oxford Street see Tyburn Road painting and decorating palaces, royal pardons parishes: within the Bills of Mortality; and poor relief; parish constables Park Lane see Tyburn Lane parks; see also individual parks parties: for rich patches (cosmetic) pattern books: French silks; furniture paving pawnshops pearls peine fort et dur Penley, Bosavern pensions: Johnson and Pepys, Samuel perquisites for servants personal hygiene philanthropy Physic Garden, Chelsea physicians see doctors Piccadilly pickpockets picture exhibitions pillory Pimlico Pitt, William, the Elder Place, Francis: as source; boyhood; father; sisters’ education; hairstyles plague plaster work pleasure gardens plumbing: and burst pipes pneumonia Pollard, Elizabeth (peruke maker) pollution Pomfret Castle, Arlington Street Pomfret, Countess of Poole, Robert poor: Massie’s analysis; parish liability, babies; apprentices; workhouses; contracting out; badges; the Irish; death; homes; food; schooling; Fleet weddings; children; clothes; loans; imprisonment for debt; funerals; foundlings; work; gin; street games and amusements; crime; influence of Wesley; see also philanthropy; hospitals; slums poorhouses; see also workhouses population pornography port see Methuen wine porters Portman Square Postlethwaite, Malarchy Potts, Dr Percival: Treatise on Ruptures Powell, Mr (Holborn garden supplier) pregnancy: plea in criminal trial; advice books on; see also childbirth; midwifery press-gangs prices Pringle, Sir John prisons: debtors’; conditions in; prostitution in the Bridewell at Clerkenwell prize money processions professions property: entailing of prostitutes: recovery of; child; vengeance on; activities Purefoy, Elizabeth quacks (doctors) Quakers (Society of Friends): refusal to observe royal mourning Raffald, Elizabeth Raikes, Robert Ranelagh pleasure gardens: robberies at; women at; features; songs at; George III enjoys Raper, Elizabeth Rathbone Place Redmond, William rents see accommodation respiratory diseases Reynolds, Sir Joshua Richmond, Duke of rickets Rigg, John riots; theatre; see also mobs river traffic see Thames road-rage roads: new (1756); condition of; accidents robbers; see also highwaymen; thieves Robin Hood club Rocque, John: Plan of the Cities of London and Westminster and the Borough of Southwark Roman Catholicism: services Roubiliac, Louis François round-houses Royal Exchange Royal Society royalty rumour Russell, Lady Caroline Russia Company Sadler’s Wells sailors: and marriage; wage disputes; and press-gangs; cheated; prize-money St Bartholomew’s fair St Bartholomew’s Hospital St George’s Hospital St James’s Palace St James’s Park St James’s Square St Luke’s Hospital ‘Saint Monday’ St Paul’s coffee-house St Paul’s School St Thomas’s Hospital Sandwich, Lord Saussure, César de Scarbrough, Earl of scarlet fever scavengers schools: charity schools; day schools for girls; and for boys; boarding schools; public schools Scotland: marriage laws in; unpopularity Scots Corporation scullions scurvy seamen see sailors Searchers: employed by parish to report cause of death sedan chairs sentences (penal) servants: living accommodation; domestic service; foreign servants settlement (in parish) Seven Years War (1756–63) Severs, Dennis sewage and drainage sex: marital intercourse; prostitution; among the rich shaving Shepherd’s Market shirts shoes shop signs shoplifting shops and shopping: food shops; buying from catalogues; shopping as a pastime; goods on approval/credit; shop premises sightseeing silk: smuggled silks; Spitalfields designs; silk velvet; prices silk weavers silver, domestic Silvie, Mme (maker of teeth) Sion House, Middlesex skating slang slaves: in London; Somerset’s case; in America; cost of slums smallpox: inoculation against; hospitals for; among servants; among children; symptoms Smellie, William (obstetrician); Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Midwifery Smith, Eliza: home treatment for tuberculosis; cookery recipes and menus; cosmetics; Compleat Housewife or Accomplish’d Gentlewoman’s Companion Smithfield meat market Smollett, Tobias: as source; on body odours; on bread; on diseased prostitutes; Humphry Clinker; Roderick Random snuffboxes soap Society of Artists of Great Britain (later Royal Academy of Arts) Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge Society for the Propagation of the Gospel Soho: name Soho Square: built; Mrs Cornelys’ house Somerset, Duchess of Somerset House ‘Soupe, La’ South Sea Bubble (1720) spas Spence, Joseph (garden planner) Spencer House Spencer, John, 1st Earl Spitalfields; market sports and pastimes: of the poor; of the rich sprinkler carts stage coaches Star and Garter Tavern, Pall Mall starvation: as cause of death Stavordale, Lord stays Sterne, Laurence stockings stone: operation for Strand street vendors streets: layout; cleaning; paving; lighting; trees in; fashionable Stuart, James (‘Athenian’); The Antiquities of Athens Sunday: for the poor; schools; ‘Sunday men’ superstition: and folk remedies surgery; see also doctors (medical) Sutton (inoculator) Swallow Street Swift, Jonathan swimming swords syphilis tables tailors talleymen tapestries taverns Tavistock, Lord taxes; see also window tax teachers and teaching; see also schools teeth: care of; transplanting; babies’ teething; see also dentistry; false teeth teetotalism: as cure for gout Temple Bar Temple, Lady tenter grounds textiles see fabrics Thames, river: bridges; waterwheels; watermen; not embanked; frozen; traffic; state occasions and processions on; see also water supply theatre-going Theatre Royal, Covent Garden thieves: in parks; see also crime and punishment; criminals; highwaymen throwing at cocks tips see vails toothpaste Tottenham Court Tower of London; see also menageries town planning and developments toys trade unions (‘combinations’) traffic transport see traffic Transportation Act (1718) transportation (of criminals to America) trees: in streets and courts; in gardens trials (criminal) trusses tuberculosis see consumption turnpikes Twelfth Night Twining, Thomas Tyburn Tyburn Lane (Park Lane) Tyburn Road (Oxford Street) Tyers, Jonathan typhus: in prisons umbrellas undertakers (funeral directors) underwear: women’s; men’s unions (combinations) see trade unions universities urine: uses of vagabonds: accommodation for Vagrancy Act vails (tips) Vardy, John Vauxhall pleasure gardens: robberies at; layout and facilities; pictures at; songs at venereal disease: hospitals for; among prostitutes; mercury treatment and ‘salivation’; patent medicines verdigris Viagra wages; see also incomes wagons waistcoats wallpaper and wall coverings Walpole, Horace: describes London life; attacked by thieves; disapproves of Adelphi; and servants; encounters highwayman; on popularity of McLean (highwayman); uses alum on teeth; hears Wesley preach; on gambling; on English summers; visits Vauxhall; on Ranelagh jubilee masquerade; on earthquake Ware, Isaac (architect) warships: classification of washerwomen Watch, the water supply:; lead pipes to houses; water-wheels on the Thames; water mains (wooden pipes); undrinkable water; supply to the middling sort; to the poor water closets see lavatories water companies watermen: complain of London Bridge; and frozen Thames; wage rates; exempt from impressment water-taxis weather weddings Wedgwood, Josiah Welch, Saunders welfare: and poor relief Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wells, Mrs (procuress) Wesley, Charles Wesley, John: medical knowledge; travels by stage coach; on Kensington Gardens; on workhouses; on treatment for consumption; recommends massage brush; recommends mercury treatment; on medical treatment by electricity; opposes education of girls; ministry and popular appeal; hears Handel oratorio; on averting earthquake West End: described Westbourne (river) Westminster: defined; slums; street cleaning Westminster Abbey: tombs Westminster Bridge Westminster Hall Westminster Hospital Westminster School whales Whigs: dominance whipping Whitbread, Samuel Whitehall Palace White’s club Whittington, Sir Richard (‘Dick’) whooping cough Wigmore Row wigs; theft of Wilberforce, William Wilkes, John: fights duel; rules on impressment case; provokes riots; and commitment to pillory; popularity William III, King William of Orange: marries Princess Anne William, Prince (later King William IV): inoculated Wilson, Revd Dr wind power window tax wine: as curative; see also Methuen wine wise women women: as governors of General Dispensary; sentenced to transportation; masturbation; emigration of; in employment; marriage; household management; family planning; gambling; in prison; dress and fashion; hairstyles Wood, Robert: The Ruins of Palmyra Worcester, Isaac Maddox, Bishop of (on inoculation for smallpox) work workhouses Wren, Sir Christopher York Buildings Water Company York, Edward Augustus, Duke of York, Frederick Augustus, Duke of York, William (child murderer) DR.

Who Owns England?: How We Lost Our Green and Pleasant Land, and How to Take It Back by Guy Shrubsole

Adam Curtis, Anthropocene, back-to-the-land, Beeching cuts, Boris Johnson, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, centre right, congestion charging, Crossrail, deindustrialization, digital map, do-ocracy, Downton Abbey, false flag, financial deregulation, fixed income, fulfillment center, Garrett Hardin, gentrification, Global Witness, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, Google Earth, housing crisis, housing justice, James Dyson, Jeremy Corbyn, Kickstarter, land bank, land reform, land tenure, land value tax, linked data, loadsamoney, Londongrad, machine readable, mega-rich, mutually assured destruction, new economy, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, openstreetmap, place-making, plutocrats, profit motive, rent-seeking, rewilding, Right to Buy, Ronald Reagan, Russell Brand, sceptred isle, Stewart Brand, the built environment, the map is not the territory, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tragedy of the Commons, trickle-down economics, urban sprawl, web of trust, Yom Kippur War, zero-sum game

first step towards fracking Ruth Hayhurst, ‘Fracking awareness campaign launched as Aurora prepares for seismic surveys’, Drill Or Drop, 26 May 2016, https://drillordrop.com­/2016/05/26­/fracking­-awareness­-campaign­-launched-as-aurora-prepares-for-seismic-surveys/ a decent percentage Some have been calling on the Church to do this for years. The Christian campaigning group Housing Justice called for the Church to make its land available for affordable housing in 2015: see Jonathan Owen, ‘Church of England “should sell off its £2bn land estate for housing”’, Independent, 10 June 2015. More recently, such calls have come even from the centre-right: see Harry Phibbs, ‘The Church of England has a moral duty to provide new housing’, Conservative Home, 15 June 2018, https://www.conservativehome­.com/localgovernment/2018­/06­/the­-church­-of-england-has-a-moral-duty-to-provide-new-housing.html. 4.

Dark Mirror: Edward Snowden and the Surveillance State by Barton Gellman

4chan, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Aaron Swartz, active measures, air gap, Anton Chekhov, Big Tech, bitcoin, Cass Sunstein, Citizen Lab, cloud computing, corporate governance, crowdsourcing, data acquisition, data science, Debian, desegregation, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, end-to-end encryption, evil maid attack, financial independence, Firefox, GnuPG, Google Hangouts, housing justice, informal economy, information security, Jacob Appelbaum, job automation, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, Ken Thompson, Laura Poitras, MITM: man-in-the-middle, national security letter, off-the-grid, operational security, planetary scale, private military company, ransomware, Reflections on Trusting Trust, Robert Gordon, Robert Hanssen: Double agent, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, Saturday Night Live, seminal paper, Seymour Hersh, Silicon Valley, Skype, social graph, standardized shipping container, Steven Levy, TED Talk, telepresence, the long tail, undersea cable, Wayback Machine, web of trust, WikiLeaks, zero day, Zimmermann PGP

We were sharing a nerdy little joke. It was not likely that I would learn more about FIRSTFRUITS by asking nicely in a Freedom of Information Act request. Sure enough, when the FOIA results came in, years later, the interesting ones mostly looked like the example I reproduce on this page exchange among senior White House, Justice Department, and DNI officials. Banter with Snowden, regardless of subject, came as a relief to me. It was our first contact in months. Snowden had stopped speaking to me after I wrote a newspaper profile about him in June. I deserved some of his ire. When my story referred to his alias, Verax, I inadvertently exposed an online handle that he was still using.

Rikers: An Oral History by Graham Rayman, Reuven Blau

Bernie Sanders, biofilm, collective bargaining, COVID-19, crack epidemic, housing justice, Saturday Night Live, social distancing

[We followed up with Cinquemani on this story shortly before publication and he adjusted one detail, estimating that the encounter had been spread over an hour.] THOMAS CINQUEMANI: I flushed his head in the toilet more than once, and I hit him with enough force to let him know what he did was wrong. It went on for about an hour. He had no business saying what he said two weeks earlier. We had to teach him a lesson. You can’t do that. That’s in-house justice, it had to be done quietly. Back then it was seen as justifiable. I’d had the riot in 1986, which changed my whole outlook on life. You do change. You have to become part of your environment. I went from one extreme to the next. That was the job. In the ’80s and ’90s, you became part of your environment.