it's over 9,000

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Mbs: The Rise to Power of Mohammed Bin Salman by Ben Hubbard

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Ayatollah Khomeini, Bellingcat, bitcoin, Citizen Lab, Donald Trump, fake news, it's over 9,000, Jeff Bezos, knowledge economy, Mark Zuckerberg, medical residency, megacity, Mohammed Bouazizi, NSO Group, RAND corporation, ride hailing / ride sharing, Rosa Parks, Rubik’s Cube, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, SoftBank, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Tim Cook: Apple, urban planning, WikiLeaks, women in the workforce, Yom Kippur War

She hated waiting for someone to drop her off at the gym in the morning. The best part of driving would be “feeling more freedom.” Most of the students planned to get licenses as soon as possible, while a few would wait to see how the first women fared. Saudi Arabia had notoriously dangerous roads. One report said that car accidents had killed over nine thousand people in 2016. But the women were undeterred. Alzahrani, the architecture student, had ridden Jet Skis in the Red Sea and motorcycles in the desert, but had never driven a car. “I don’t know where the brake is and where the gas is,” she told me. But she managed to weave through a series of cones before hitting the brakes hard at a stop sign, jolting her passengers.

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Direct quotes from Al-Hathloul’s siblings are attributed in the text. would be driving by 2020: “How will women change the automotive market in KSA,” PWC Press Release, March 8, 2018. “feeling more freedom”: Author interview, Rehab Alhuwaider, March 2018. nine thousand people in 2016: “Car accidents kill over 9,000 people in 2016,” Arab News, May 11, 2017. “to be behind the wheel”: Author interview, Rahaf Alzahrani, March 2018. three hundred cinemas and two thousand screens: “Cinema estimated to contribute $24 billion to Saudi economy,” AlArabiya, Dec. 12, 2017. movie theaters in ten years: Author interview, Adam Aron, April 2018.

Apollo's Arrow: The Profound and Enduring Impact of Coronavirus on the Way We Live by Nicholas A. Christakis

agricultural Revolution, Anthropocene, Atul Gawande, Boris Johnson, butterfly effect, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, classic study, clean water, Columbian Exchange, contact tracing, contact tracing app, coronavirus, COVID-19, dark matter, data science, death of newspapers, disinformation, Donald Trump, Downton Abbey, Edward Jenner, Edward Lorenz: Chaos theory, George Floyd, global pandemic, global supply chain, helicopter parent, Henri Poincaré, high-speed rail, income inequality, invention of agriculture, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, job satisfaction, lockdown, manufacturing employment, mass immigration, mass incarceration, medical residency, meta-analysis, New Journalism, randomized controlled trial, risk tolerance, Robert Shiller, school choice, security theater, social contagion, social distancing, Steven Pinker, TED Talk, the scientific method, trade route, Upton Sinclair, zoonotic diseases

We are familiar with other viruses that follow this pattern, causing mild illness in children or in adults who have already experienced the illness as children, yet causing severe disease in adults who have not previously been exposed.32 Chicken pox has a mortality rate twenty times higher in fifteen- to forty-four-year-olds than it does in five- to fourteen-year-olds, but it does not usually cause severe problems for adults who had it as children.33 Similarly, Epstein-Barr virus causes mild disease in young children, but it can result in infectious mononucleosis in young adults and even be a risk factor for the onset of multiple sclerosis.34 Other evidence suggests that if people are infected with this virus as children, they might simply have a minor upper respiratory disease, but if infected for the first time as adults, it might put them at risk for Hodgkin’s lymphoma.35 * * * The pathogens evolve to respond to us, but we, at a slower pace, also evolve to respond to them. Infectious diseases have been a part of our evolutionary history for so long that they have left a mark on our genes. For instance, humans have evolved genetic changes that have proven useful in coping with malaria beginning over one hundred thousand years ago, tuberculosis over nine thousand years ago, cholera and bubonic plague over six thousand years ago, and smallpox over three thousand years ago.36 Infectious pathogens (even if nonepidemic) have arguably been a crucial selective pressure throughout the evolution of our species.37 The primary killers of human beings across evolutionary time are other human beings.

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In New York City as of April 11, 2020, Hispanics accounted for 34 percent of the deaths but were 29 percent of the population.70 Reports from the Indian Health Service suggested something similar was happening among American Indian tribes. As of July 17, 2020, there were 26,470 confirmed cases of coronavirus infection among American Indians, with over 9,000 of them occurring on the huge Navajo reservation that stretches across parts of New Mexico, Utah, and Arizona.71 The Navajo Nation is home to two hundred fifty thousand people, and at the end of April, it had the third-highest per capita rate of coronavirus infection in the United States, after New Jersey and New York.

The Wake-Up Call: Why the Pandemic Has Exposed the Weakness of the West, and How to Fix It by John Micklethwait, Adrian Wooldridge

Admiral Zheng, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, air traffic controllers' union, Alan Greenspan, basic income, battle of ideas, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, bike sharing, Black Lives Matter, Boris Johnson, carbon tax, carried interest, cashless society, central bank independence, contact tracing, contact tracing app, Corn Laws, coronavirus, COVID-19, creative destruction, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, defund the police, Deng Xiaoping, Dominic Cummings, Donald Trump, Etonian, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Future Shock, George Floyd, global pandemic, Internet of things, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, James Carville said: "I would like to be reincarnated as the bond market. You can intimidate everybody.", Jeremy Corbyn, Jones Act, knowledge economy, laissez-faire capitalism, Les Trente Glorieuses, lockdown, McMansion, military-industrial complex, night-watchman state, offshore financial centre, oil shock, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Parkinson's law, pensions crisis, QR code, rent control, Rishi Sunak, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, school vouchers, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, smart cities, social distancing, Steve Bannon, surveillance capitalism, TED Talk, trade route, Tyler Cowen, universal basic income, Washington Consensus

Even when Beijing finally found out about the virus, China did not rush to alert other countries, letting international flights from Wuhan continue after internal ones stopped. According to estimates from the South China Morning Post, from December 30, 2019, to January 22, 2020, eleven thousand people flew from Wuhan to Thailand, almost eleven thousand to Singapore, over nine thousand to Japan, and seven thousand to Hong Kong.4 Be this as it may, China can’t bear all the blame. It was far less secretive than it was earlier this century with SARS, where six months passed between scientists spotting in November 2002 that a virus had jumped from animals to humans and April 2003 when the obfuscating minister of health was sacked.

Occupying Wall Street: The Inside Story of an Action That Changed America by Writers For The 99%

Bay Area Rapid Transit, citizen journalism, collective bargaining, Day of the Dead, desegregation, feminist movement, gentrification, Glass-Steagall Act, income inequality, independent contractor, intentional community, it's over 9,000, McMansion, microaggression, Mohammed Bouazizi, Occupy movement, Port of Oakland, We are the 99%, young professional

Stephen Boyer had lived in Zuccotti Park for most of the two-month encampment, worked in its library, and helped create the massive OWS poetry anthology with anonymous to famous contributors from around the world. That night, he said, he could barely save the massive anthology, before cops shoved him out of the park, and he watched them dump books into the backs of trucks. “Our library had over nine thousand books, and a little less than five thousand were taken that night,” he said, adding that the rest of the books were stored in a nearby space lent to the movement. “I saved the anthology by strapping both [folders] to my back, and read from it during the raid.” When asked about the incident, Bill from the People’s Library added that the on-site computers, which the city also claimed were recoverable after the raid, had been “systematically destroyed.”

The Invisible Web: Uncovering Information Sources Search Engines Can't See by Gary Price, Chris Sherman, Danny Sullivan

AltaVista, American Society of Civil Engineers: Report Card, Bill Atkinson, bioinformatics, Brewster Kahle, business intelligence, dark matter, Donald Davies, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, full text search, HyperCard, hypertext link, information retrieval, Internet Archive, it's over 9,000, joint-stock company, knowledge worker, machine readable, machine translation, natural language processing, pre–internet, profit motive, Project Xanadu, publish or perish, search engine result page, side project, Silicon Valley, speech recognition, stealth mode startup, Ted Nelson, Vannevar Bush, web application

Search Form URL: http://www.canlearn.ca/English/find/ college&university/college.cfm Related Resources: Student Planner Occupations Databank Canada http://216.208.47.164/canlearn/ci_prof.nsf/frmOccsIntro? OpenForm Student Planner Learning Opportunities Databank Canada http://216.208.47.164/canlearn/ci_prog.nsf/frmProgsIntro? OpenForm College Opportunities Online (National Center for Education Statistics) http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/cool/ “IPEDS College Opportunities Online is your direct link to over 9,000 colleges and universities in the United States. If you are thinking about a large university, a small liberal arts college, a specialized college, a community college, a career or technical college, or a trade school, you can find them all here.” Search Form URL: http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/cool/Search.asp Related Resources: Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Peer Analysis System http://nces.ed.gov/ipedspas/ 210 The Invisible Web Directory of Resources for Foreign Language Programs http://www.cal.org/ericcll “This Web-based directory of resources for improving elementary foreign language programs provides information about and links to national associations, professional organizations, state foreign language offices, funders, publishers of language learning materials, centers, clearinghouses, instructional materials Web sites, online publications, databases, regional conferences, and listservs.”

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They are presented in the hope that they will at one and the same time address some of your viewing, research, education, and study needs and introduce you to the various types of visual images on the African-American experience that are contained in the Photographs and Prints Division of the Schomburg Center as well as other selected units of the Research Libraries of The New York Public Library.” Search Form URL: http://digital.nypl.org/schomburg/images_ aa19/ 264 The Invisible Web Emergence of Advertising in America (EAA) 1850-1920 (The) http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/ “The Emergence of Advertising in America: 1850-1920 (EAA) presents over 9,000 images, with database information, relating to the early history of advertising in the United States. The materials, drawn from the Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library at Duke University, provide a significant and informative perspective on the early evolution of this most ubiquitous feature of modern American business and culture.”

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The statistics for a few sports (Basketball, Baseball) are in Invisible Web databases. However, due to the timely nature of this information general search tools may miss regular updates. Search Form URL: http://www.ncaa.org/stats/ Travel Airline Coding Directory http://www.iata.org Obtain official airline codes for over 9,000 locations around the world. Search Form URL: http://www.iata.org/codes/index.asp Airline Flight and Fare Database from ITA Software http://www.itasoftware.com Hundreds of searching options exist to find airfares on the Internet. ITA Software is developing new airfare search technology and is licensing the technology to airlines and Internet travel services.

AC/DC: The Savage Tale of the First Standards War by Tom McNichol

computer age, electricity market, experimental subject, fear of failure, Fellow of the Royal Society, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, Menlo Park, popular electronics, Strategic Defense Initiative, Thales of Miletus

Walter Mallory, a close associate and vice president of the Edison Storage Battery Company, recalled Edison’s dogged search for the ideal battery compounds: “I found Edison at a bench on which there were hundreds of little test cells that had been made up by his corps of chemists and experimenters. He was seated at this bench testing, figuring, and planning. I then learned that he had thus made over nine thousand experiments in trying to devise this new type of storage battery, but had not produced a single thing that promised to solve the question. In view of this immense amount of thought and labor, my sympathy got the better of my judgment, and I said: ‘Isn’t it a shame that with the tremendous amount of work you have done you haven’t been able to get any results?’

We Are Anonymous: Inside the Hacker World of LulzSec, Anonymous, and the Global Cyber Insurgency by Parmy Olson

4chan, Asperger Syndrome, bitcoin, call centre, Chelsea Manning, corporate governance, crowdsourcing, disinformation, Firefox, Gabriella Coleman, hive mind, it's over 9,000, Julian Assange, lolcat, Minecraft, MITM: man-in-the-middle, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, peer-to-peer, pirate software, side project, Skype, speech recognition, SQL injection, Stephen Hawking, Stuxnet, We are Anonymous. We are Legion, We are the 99%, web application, WikiLeaks, zero day

“Am I going to hell?” Phelps-Roper suddenly looked concerned. “Well, hon, I only know what I’m hearing because you’re”—she raised her eyebrows—“Anonymous…and…you sound like a guy who’s headed to hell I’m just sayin.’” “Well in my lifetime I’ve performed over 9,000 sins,” Topiary said. “So…” “OH! And you keep track! What, you have a tally sheet?” “Yeah over 9,000 sins. I keep track.” Pakman was smiling to himself. Topiary glanced back at his laptop and for the next thirty seconds he observed a window in AnonOps IRC, where a handful of people were watching a live stream of the show on Pakman’s site. They were laughing.

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Brown had published a spoof statement from Anonymous on the left-wing political blog the Daily Kos on Saturday, February 5, a day before the HBGary Federal attack. The title was “Anonymous Concedes Defeat.” Rambling and comical, it claimed Barr had discovered that the true leaders of Anonymous were “Q and Justin Bieber.” He added: “Mr. Barr has successfully broken through our over 9,000 proxy field and into our entirely non-public and secret insurgent IRC lair, where he then smashed through our fire labyrinth with vigor, collected all the gold rings along the way, opened a 50 silver key chest to find Anon’s legendary hackers on steroids password.” It was a word-for-word quote from Topiary on IRC, and Topiary was flattered to see himself quoted.

Epic Win for Anonymous: How 4chan's Army Conquered the Web by Cole Stryker

4chan, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, Chelsea Manning, cognitive dissonance, Columbine, commoditize, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, eternal september, Firefox, future of journalism, Gabriella Coleman, hive mind, informal economy, Internet Archive, it's over 9,000, Julian Assange, Kickstarter, lolcat, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Mason jar, pre–internet, Silicon Valley, slashdot, social bookmarking, social web, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, Streisand effect, technoutopianism, TED Talk, wage slave, We are Anonymous. We are Legion, Whole Earth Catalog, WikiLeaks

Oprah repeated the quote on her show, attributing the quote to a “known pedophile network” that was both organized and systematic. Meanwhile, Anonymous had itself a hearty lol. There are currently hundreds of videos on YouTube making fun of Oprah for the incident. Tricking a celebrity into acknowledging the existence of Anonymous was funny, but doing it under the pretense of a fake army of over nine thousand organized pedophiles was considered an epic win for the trolls. I often wonder if anyone told poor Oprah afterwards that she’d been had. Troll Heritage Perhaps the finest example of a pre-Internet troll is the late comedian and entertainer Andy Kaufman, who made a career out of subversive multilayered publicity stunts so convincing that some fans still doubt the authenticity of his 1984 death from kidney failure.

Dead Companies Walking by Scott Fearon

Alan Greenspan, bank run, Bear Stearns, Bernie Madoff, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, book value, business cycle, Carl Icahn, corporate raider, cost per available seat-mile, creative destruction, crony capitalism, Donald Trump, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, fear of failure, Golden Gate Park, hiring and firing, housing crisis, index fund, it's over 9,000, Jeff Bezos, John Bogle, Joseph Schumpeter, Larry Ellison, late fees, legacy carrier, McMansion, moral hazard, multilevel marketing, new economy, pets.com, Ponzi scheme, Ronald Reagan, short selling, short squeeze, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, South of Market, San Francisco, Steve Jobs, survivorship bias, Upton Sinclair, Vanguard fund, young professional

Seeing Angelika that morning was a memorable surprise. Unfortunately for Angelika and everyone else at the company, though, Blockbuster (stock symbol: BBI) was in trouble at the time. It had had three straight money-losing quarters and was on its way to a fourth. It wasn’t hard to figure out why. The company was saddled with over nine thousand brick-and-mortar store locations and tens of thousands of employees, at the same time that Netflix—a web-based, ruthlessly efficient competitor with a fraction of its overhead—was pilfering millions of its customers. By the time I flew into Dallas and met with Angelika, the “bust” in the company’s name was starting to sound more and more like a foregone conclusion.

The Corruption of Capitalism: Why Rentiers Thrive and Work Does Not Pay by Guy Standing

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, Amazon Mechanical Turk, anti-fragile, Asian financial crisis, asset-backed security, bank run, banking crisis, basic income, Ben Bernanke: helicopter money, Bernie Sanders, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Big Tech, bilateral investment treaty, Bonfire of the Vanities, Boris Johnson, Bretton Woods, business cycle, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carried interest, cashless society, central bank independence, centre right, Clayton Christensen, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collective bargaining, commons-based peer production, credit crunch, crony capitalism, cross-border payments, crowdsourcing, debt deflation, declining real wages, deindustrialization, disruptive innovation, Doha Development Round, Donald Trump, Double Irish / Dutch Sandwich, ending welfare as we know it, eurozone crisis, Evgeny Morozov, falling living standards, financial deregulation, financial innovation, Firefox, first-past-the-post, future of work, Garrett Hardin, gentrification, gig economy, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, Greenspan put, Growth in a Time of Debt, housing crisis, income inequality, independent contractor, information retrieval, intangible asset, invention of the steam engine, investor state dispute settlement, it's over 9,000, James Watt: steam engine, Jeremy Corbyn, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, labour market flexibility, light touch regulation, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, lump of labour, Lyft, manufacturing employment, Mark Zuckerberg, market clearing, Martin Wolf, means of production, megaproject, mini-job, Money creation, Mont Pelerin Society, moral hazard, mortgage debt, mortgage tax deduction, Neil Kinnock, non-tariff barriers, North Sea oil, Northern Rock, nudge unit, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, open economy, openstreetmap, patent troll, payday loans, peer-to-peer lending, Phillips curve, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, precariat, quantitative easing, remote working, rent control, rent-seeking, ride hailing / ride sharing, Right to Buy, Robert Gordon, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, Sam Altman, savings glut, Second Machine Age, secular stagnation, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Simon Kuznets, SoftBank, sovereign wealth fund, Stephen Hawking, Steve Ballmer, structural adjustment programs, TaskRabbit, The Chicago School, The Future of Employment, the payments system, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, Tragedy of the Commons, Travis Kalanick, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, Y Combinator, zero-sum game, Zipcar

It is symbolic that, on the edge of Geneva airport, a compound for private jets belonging to some of the world’s plutocrats abuts cramped temporary accommodation for a growing number of asylum seekers. On the other side of the Atlantic, in Washington DC, the Bretton Woods agencies have devoted considerable resources to their neo-liberal project. In 2015, the World Bank directly employed over 9,000 staff, a 50 per cent increase since 1995. It and the IMF have channelled huge amounts of money and technical assistance towards liberalising the global economy, through structural adjustment strategies in developing countries, shock therapy in ex-communist countries and supply-side economics in OECD countries.

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It is clouded (literally) in euphemisms, such as the term used to describe the units of work, HITs (Human Intelligence Tasks). Many pay a few pennies or cents apiece. You have to do a lot of HITs to make a little money! One survey in 2012 found that taskers for AMT in the USA had done on average over 9,000 tasks, and their Indian counterparts over 6,500.26 The average age was thirty-three. These figures are indicative of how minute the tasks typically are. Micro-taskers are probably the most exploited and most likely to self-exploit of all taskers. Tasks are usually allocated at a set rate per task, which is often extremely low.

Currency Wars: The Making of the Next Gobal Crisis by James Rickards

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Alan Greenspan, Asian financial crisis, bank run, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Benoit Mandelbrot, Berlin Wall, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Black Swan, borderless world, Bretton Woods, BRICs, British Empire, business climate, buy and hold, capital controls, Carmen Reinhart, Cass Sunstein, collateralized debt obligation, complexity theory, corporate governance, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, cross-border payments, currency manipulation / currency intervention, currency peg, currency risk, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, deal flow, Deng Xiaoping, diversification, diversified portfolio, Dr. Strangelove, Fall of the Berlin Wall, family office, financial innovation, floating exchange rates, full employment, game design, German hyperinflation, Gini coefficient, global rebalancing, global reserve currency, Great Leap Forward, guns versus butter model, high net worth, income inequality, interest rate derivative, it's over 9,000, John Meriwether, Kenneth Rogoff, laissez-faire capitalism, liquidity trap, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, mandelbrot fractal, margin call, market bubble, Mexican peso crisis / tequila crisis, Money creation, money market fund, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, Myron Scholes, Network effects, New Journalism, Nixon shock, Nixon triggered the end of the Bretton Woods system, offshore financial centre, oil shock, one-China policy, open economy, paradox of thrift, Paul Samuelson, power law, price mechanism, price stability, private sector deleveraging, proprietary trading, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, RAND corporation, rent-seeking, reserve currency, Ronald Reagan, short squeeze, sovereign wealth fund, special drawing rights, special economic zone, subprime mortgage crisis, The Myth of the Rational Market, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, time value of money, too big to fail, value at risk, vertical integration, War on Poverty, Washington Consensus, zero-sum game

A relatively small redemption, say, $100 billion of Treasury notes, done in early 2008 when gold was about $1,000 per ounce, would have equaled 100 million ounces of gold, or about 2,840 metric tons. This amounts to 35 percent of the entire official gold supply of the United States. Indeed, a full redemption of all U.S. government securities by China would have wiped out the U.S. gold supply completely and left the United States with no gold and China the proud owner of over 9,000 metric tons. One can imagine Chinese naval vessels arriving in New York Harbor and a heavily armed U.S. Army convoy moving south down the Palisades Interstate Parkway from West Point to meet the vessels and load the gold on board for shipment to newly constructed vaults in Shanghai. No doubt such a scene would have been shocking to the American people, yet that imagined shock proves a larger point.

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While this example may seem extreme, it is exactly how most of the world monetary system worked until forty years ago. In 1950, the United States had official gold reserves of over 20,000 metric tons. Due to persistent large trade deficits, at the time with Europe and Japan rather than China, U.S. gold reserves had dropped to just over 9,000 metric tons when Nixon closed the gold window in 1971. That drop of 11,000 metric tons in the twenty-one years from 1950 to 1971 went mostly to a small number of export powerhouses. Over the same period, German gold reserves rose from zero to over 3,600 metric tons. Italy’s gold hoard went from 227 metric tons to over 2,500 metric tons.

The Fields Beneath: The History of One London Village by Gillian Tindall

gentleman farmer, gentrification, ghettoisation, it's over 9,000, Jane Jacobs, means of production, New Urbanism, profit motive, Right to Buy, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Thomas Davenport, urban sprawl

Two of the districts he mentions, Chelsea and Marylebone-with-St Pancras (as the two parishes were then styled), together with Knightsbridge, Hammer-smith and Paddington, were known as the Five Villages Outside the Bills of Mortality. It is known that the combined population of these villages increased from little over nine thousand in 1700 to one hundred and twenty-three thousand in 1801 – by which latter date they were well established as being de facto parts of London – but most of that increase probably took place during the last few decades of the eighteenth century. It has been stated that the population of St Pancras in 1776 was still only six hundred souls, and though this may be an underestimation it is known that the real population explosion only began at about this date.

Overdiagnosed: Making People Sick in the Pursuit of Health by H. Gilbert Welch, Lisa M. Schwartz, Steven Woloshin

23andMe, classic study, do well by doing good, double helix, Google Earth, Gregor Mendel, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, life extension, longitudinal study, mandelbrot fractal, medical residency, meta-analysis, phenotype, placebo effect, randomized controlled trial, Ronald Reagan, sugar pill, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith

Three randomized trials completed in the 1990s showed that screening chest X-rays did not lead to a reduction in lung cancer deaths.10 In fact, in two of the studies, screening appeared to cause more deaths. There was more lung cancer surgery in the screened groups, and lung cancer surgery itself can cause death. The long-term follow-up of one of the studies—the Mayo Lung Study—demonstrated a persistent excess of lung cancer cases in the screened group.11 Slightly over nine thousand smokers were enrolled: half were screened every four months (using chest X-rays and sputum cytology); half were not. At the end of the six-year screening phase, 143 lung cancers were detected in the screened group as compared with 87 in the control group—a difference of 56 cancers. Because this was a randomized trial, that difference must be a consequence of screening.

Infonomics: How to Monetize, Manage, and Measure Information as an Asset for Competitive Advantage by Douglas B. Laney

3D printing, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, banking crisis, behavioural economics, blockchain, book value, business climate, business intelligence, business logic, business process, call centre, carbon credits, chief data officer, Claude Shannon: information theory, commoditize, conceptual framework, crowdsourcing, dark matter, data acquisition, data science, deep learning, digital rights, digital twin, discounted cash flows, disintermediation, diversification, en.wikipedia.org, endowment effect, Erik Brynjolfsson, full employment, hype cycle, informal economy, information security, intangible asset, Internet of things, it's over 9,000, linked data, Lyft, Nash equilibrium, Neil Armstrong, Network effects, new economy, obamacare, performance metric, profit motive, recommendation engine, RFID, Salesforce, semantic web, single source of truth, smart meter, Snapchat, software as a service, source of truth, supply-chain management, tacit knowledge, technological determinism, text mining, uber lyft, Y2K, yield curve

,” University of Rochester, 2013, www.cs.rochester.edu/u/kautz/papers/Sadilek-Brennan-Kautz-Silenzio_nEmesis_HCOMP-13.pdf. 19 “Sigma-Aldrich Corporation Uses Connotate to Fuel Competitive Pricing Program,” Connotate Press Release, 21 March 2012, www.connotate.com/press-releases/sigma-aldrich-corporation-uses-connotate-to-fuel-competitive-pricing-program/. 20 For further guidance, see Frank Buytendijk’s work on digital ethics, including “Digital Ethics, or How to Not Mess Up with Technology,” Gartner, www.gartner.com/document/2853620. Chapter 4 Analytics The Engine of Information Monetization Mobilink is Pakistan’s leading provider of voice and data services, based in Islamabad, with thirty-eight million subscribers communicating over nine thousand cell sites and 6,500 kilometers of fiber optic backbone. But as with most telecommunication providers, and many other kinds of businesses, its leadership is as concerned about customer churn as it is about gaining new customers. Faced with fierce competition in an exploding market, it was compelled to generate improved economic value from the data on its millions of subscribers and two hundred thousand retailers across ten thousand cities, towns, and villages.

A World Without Email: Reimagining Work in an Age of Communication Overload by Cal Newport

Cal Newport, call centre, Claude Shannon: information theory, cognitive dissonance, collaborative editing, Compatible Time-Sharing System, computer age, COVID-19, creative destruction, data science, David Heinemeier Hansson, fault tolerance, Ford Model T, Frederick Winslow Taylor, future of work, Garrett Hardin, hive mind, Inbox Zero, interchangeable parts, it's over 9,000, James Watt: steam engine, Jaron Lanier, John Markoff, John Nash: game theory, Joseph Schumpeter, Kanban, Kickstarter, knowledge worker, Marshall McLuhan, Nash equilibrium, passive income, Paul Graham, place-making, pneumatic tube, remote work: asynchronous communication, remote working, Richard Feynman, rolodex, Salesforce, Saturday Night Live, scientific management, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, social graph, stealth mode startup, Steve Jobs, supply-chain management, technological determinism, the medium is the message, the scientific method, Tragedy of the Commons, web application, work culture , Y Combinator

He remembered when he used to embrace the idea of inbox zero: the objective of reducing your email inbox back down to empty at the end of each day. At some point, as demands on his time from partners and listeners increased, he made inbox 100 his new goal. Then one day he noticed his unread messages had ballooned to over nine thousand. He was trying to run a business but had instead become a professional email manager. His solution was to hire a full-time executive assistant. As Flynn details in a podcast episode titled “9000 Unread Emails to Inbox Zero,” it took him and his assistant several weeks to work out a system for her to successfully manage his inbox.8 They produced a rule book that allowed her to handle almost every message on her own, bringing to Flynn’s attention only what required his input.

The Cable by Gillian Cookson

British Empire, cable laying ship, financial engineering, it's over 9,000, joint-stock company, Monroe Doctrine, undersea cable

The cable had evolved, from something a few years earlier ‘regarded merely as a scientific experiment’, to being ‘now absolutely necessary for the purpose of our social system’. Moreover, it was promised to be ‘a highly remunerative investment’. Telcon could boast unparalleled experience in the field. The Gutta Percha Co. had in the previous decade made over 9,000 miles of insulated wire for the inner cores of submarine cables. Glass & Elliot, their main customer, had made and laid more than 6,500 miles of underwater cable. The merger produced a completely integrated cable-making and laying service. Some of Telcon’s confidence and authority, not to mention the transformed financial prospects, gave new strength to the Atlantic company, which was spurred to withdraw at last from its agreement with the British government.

The End of Ownership: Personal Property in the Digital Economy by Aaron Perzanowski, Jason Schultz

3D printing, Airbnb, anti-communist, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, bitcoin, blockchain, carbon footprint, cloud computing, conceptual framework, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, Donald Trump, Eben Moglen, Edward Snowden, en.wikipedia.org, endowment effect, Firefox, Free Software Foundation, general purpose technology, gentrification, George Akerlof, Hush-A-Phone, independent contractor, information asymmetry, intangible asset, Internet Archive, Internet of things, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, loss aversion, Marc Andreessen, means of production, minimum wage unemployment, new economy, Open Library, Paradox of Choice, peer-to-peer, price discrimination, Richard Thaler, ride hailing / ride sharing, rolodex, self-driving car, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, software as a service, software patent, software studies, speech recognition, Steve Jobs, subscription business, telemarketer, the long tail, The Market for Lemons, Tony Fadell, transaction costs, winner-take-all economy

Liu, “Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act Regulations: Disclosure, Opt-Out Rights, Medical Information Usage, and Consumer Information Disposal,” I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy 2, (2006): 715–735, at 720. 6 The Promise and Perils of Digital Libraries In 1731, Benjamin Franklin and a group of his colleagues founded the Library Company of Philadelphia, what many believe to be the first public library in America and perhaps even the world.1 Any member of the public could join the Company by buying “shares” that allowed one to use the library space and borrow any library book as often as it was available. Money from the sale of shares went toward the purchase of additional books for shareholders to enjoy. Today, such a model of sharing is well-accepted practice. There are over nine thousand public libraries in the United States alone in addition to university and private libraries. For decades and in some cases centuries, these institutions have purchased books in order to allow their members and patrons to browse and borrow them. For many, the library-lending model is a hallmark achievement for education and public access to knowledge.

The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming by David Wallace-Wells

agricultural Revolution, Albert Einstein, anthropic principle, Anthropocene, Asian financial crisis, augmented reality, autism spectrum disorder, basic income, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, bitcoin, Blockadia, British Empire, Buckminster Fuller, Burning Man, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon footprint, carbon tax, carbon-based life, Chekhov's gun, climate anxiety, cognitive bias, computer age, correlation does not imply causation, cryptocurrency, cuban missile crisis, decarbonisation, disinformation, Donald Trump, Dr. Strangelove, effective altruism, Elon Musk, endowment effect, energy transition, everywhere but in the productivity statistics, failed state, fiat currency, global pandemic, global supply chain, Great Leap Forward, income inequality, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invention of agriculture, it's over 9,000, Joan Didion, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, Kevin Roose, Kim Stanley Robinson, labor-force participation, life extension, longitudinal study, Mark Zuckerberg, mass immigration, megacity, megastructure, Michael Shellenberger, microdosing, microplastics / micro fibres, mutually assured destruction, Naomi Klein, negative emissions, Nick Bostrom, nuclear winter, ocean acidification, off-the-grid, Paris climate accords, Pearl River Delta, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, postindustrial economy, quantitative easing, Ray Kurzweil, rent-seeking, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robert Solow, Sam Altman, Silicon Valley, Skype, South China Sea, South Sea Bubble, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, Ted Nordhaus, TED Talk, the built environment, The future is already here, the scientific method, Thomas Malthus, too big to fail, universal basic income, University of East Anglia, Whole Earth Catalog, William Langewiesche, Y Combinator

The list of dates cautions, on the one hand, against wildfire alarmism—against a sort of cartoonishly Californian environmental panic, in which all observers are all-consumed by the present instance of disaster. But all fires are not equal. Five of the twenty worst fires in California history hit the state in the fall of 2017, a year in which over nine thousand separate ones broke out, burning through more than 1,240,000 acres—nearly two thousand square miles made soot. That October, in Northern California, 172 fires broke out in just two days—devastation so cruel and sweeping that two different accounts were published in two different local newspapers of two different aging couples taking desperate cover in pools as the fires swallowed their homes.

Israel: A Simple Guide to the Most Misunderstood Country on Earth by Noa Tishby

An Inconvenient Truth, Ayatollah Khomeini, Bernie Sanders, Black Lives Matter, Boycotts of Israel, British Empire, Burning Man, centre right, COVID-19, disinformation, epigenetics, European colonialism, failed state, fake news, Ferguson, Missouri, financial engineering, George Floyd, haute couture, if you build it, they will come, it's over 9,000, Jeremy Corbyn, lockdown, post-work, psychological pricing, RAND corporation, Silicon Valley, Social Justice Warrior, Suez canal 1869, Suez crisis 1956, women in the workforce, Yom Kippur War

In 2006, he initiated the Israeli-Palestinian Memorial Day Services. Each year, on the eve of Memorial Day, families who’ve lost loved ones both on the Israeli and on the Palestinian side come together to remember those loved ones and remind us that “war is not a predetermined fate, but only a human choice.” In 2019, the ceremony was attended by over nine thousand people, with only a few hundred people protesting against it. War is never going to be a final answer; only peace can achieve that. And as legendary statesmen, former Israeli prime minister, president, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Shimon Peres used to say: “I have seen war and I have seen peace.

The Last Stargazers by Emily Levesque

Albert Einstein, Apollo 11, Arthur Eddington, Boeing 747, Carrington event, cognitive dissonance, complexity theory, cosmic microwave background, dark matter, Eddington experiment, Harvard Computers: women astronomers, if you see hoof prints, think horses—not zebras, it's over 9,000, Kuiper Belt, Kwajalein Atoll, lolcat, Magellanic Cloud, mass immigration, messenger bag, Neil Armstrong, Pluto: dwarf planet, polynesian navigation, the scientific method

The Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, set near the geographic South Pole in the heart of Antarctica, is home to the South Pole Telescope, a ten-meter radio telescope that works at submillimeter wavelengths and serves as one element of the planet-wide radio interferometer used to image a black hole. If this sounds similar to the ALMA submillimeter observatory in the Atacama Desert, there’s good reason. The South Pole itself is actually a high-altitude desert: the South Pole Telescope is over nine thousand feet above sea level, and there’s very little precipitation at the site. Photos at the South Pole that look like snowstorms are usually capturing snow on the ground being blown around by high winds. The site can also feel even higher and more oxygen-deprived thanks to the earth’s atmosphere being thinner at the poles, and the “feels like” altitude is actually reported on an information board at the station that lists daily weather conditions.

What We Need to Do Now: A Green Deal to Ensure a Habitable Earth by Chris Goodall

blockchain, carbon footprint, carbon tax, circular economy, decarbonisation, energy transition, Extinction Rebellion, food miles, green new deal, Greta Thunberg, Haber-Bosch Process, hydroponic farming, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it's over 9,000, Kickstarter, microplastics / micro fibres, moral hazard, Naomi Klein, negative emissions, Ocado, ocean acidification, plant based meat, smart grid, smart meter

Stadtwerke München also operates the city’s telecommunications network, which takes fibre broadband to the door of most of the city’s flats and houses, as well as public transport, electric vehicle charging and some housing. The profits of this company, several hundred million euros a year, all go to the city of Munich. It provides jobs for over 9,000 local people. POWER TO THE PEOPLE In the UK, to ensure that the energy transition improves the economic circumstances of people in less prosperous parts of the country, we will need to push for three crucial changes. Towns and cities should own and operate their own renewable energy resources as far as possible.

The Little Book of Hedge Funds by Anthony Scaramucci

Alan Greenspan, Andrei Shleifer, asset allocation, Bear Stearns, Bernie Madoff, business process, carried interest, corporate raider, Credit Default Swap, diversification, diversified portfolio, Donald Trump, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, fear of failure, financial engineering, fixed income, follow your passion, global macro, Gordon Gekko, high net worth, index fund, it's over 9,000, John Bogle, John Meriwether, Long Term Capital Management, mail merge, managed futures, margin call, mass immigration, merger arbitrage, Michael Milken, money market fund, Myron Scholes, NetJets, Ponzi scheme, profit motive, proprietary trading, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, random walk, Renaissance Technologies, risk-adjusted returns, risk/return, Ronald Reagan, Saturday Night Live, Sharpe ratio, short selling, short squeeze, Silicon Valley, tail risk, Thales and the olive presses, Thales of Miletus, the new new thing, too big to fail, transaction costs, two and twenty, uptick rule, Vanguard fund, Y2K, Yogi Berra, zero-sum game

But for every stock-picking guru like David Einhorn or Dan Loeb there are dozens of other nameless hedge fund managers who are not quite as successful. Although the purpose of this book is not to uncover the secret formula for achieving alpha-like return, nor is it to explain in painstaking detail how to invest in hedge funds, this chapter will spend a bit of time showing you how investors and fund of hedge fund managers screen the over 9,000 hedge funds that are currently in operation. The core to this hedge fund investment process is: Manager Selection Portfolio Construction As hedge fund managers are like snowflakes with no two being alike, they all have very different pedigrees, philosophies, processes, strategies, track records, and personalities—all of which is important to assess when making an allocation decision.

Hand to Mouth: Living in Bootstrap America by Linda Tirado

emotional labour, it's over 9,000, payday loans, plutocrats, quantitative easing, retail therapy, telemarketer, unpaid internship

When I was working in Ohio at a fast-food joint, I’d generally get about twenty-five hours in a week. That was paid at $7.50, making my weekly check $187.50. My husband, working forty hours at the same place, brought home $300. We made about $25,000 or so between us, working every week of the year. That’s a little over $9,000 above the poverty line for a family of two, or an extra $200 or so a week. We made ends meet, but barely. Not well enough to ever really feel comfortable or rest or take a day off without feeling guilty. And we were at the top of the bottom third of households that year, meaning that approximately one-third of the America population is living on the same sort of budget.

Misspent Youth by Peter F. Hamilton

double helix, forensic accounting, illegal immigration, informal economy, it's over 9,000, new economy, private spaceflight, Ronald Reagan

By 2036, when the project leaders announced it had reached fruition, and that they were ready for their first human subject, the dedicated Eurohealth Council budget for rejuvenation was larger than that of the European Space Agency. With such generous resources distributed among seventy universities and over nine thousand biomedical subcontractor companies, it was possible for the project to rejuvenate one European citizen every eighteen months. Before Jeff went into the suspension womb, the Brussels University Medical Centre had stopped him from taking the genoprotein treatments that kept his bones thick and strong, and maintained his glossy skin.

Brain Energy: A Revolutionary Breakthrough in Understanding Mental Health--And Improving Treatment for Anxiety, Depression, OCD, PTSD, and More by Christopher M. Palmer Md

Albert Einstein, autism spectrum disorder, conceptual framework, correlation does not imply causation, COVID-19, Drosophila, epigenetics, impulse control, it's over 9,000, longitudinal study, meta-analysis, microbiome, mouse model, neurotypical, personalized medicine, phenotype, randomized controlled trial, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), stem cell, traumatic brain injury

While some people had one or the other, many had both. A similar example in the mental health field is that of depression and anxiety. The majority of people diagnosed with major depression also have anxiety, and most people diagnosed with anxiety disorders also have major depression. For example, in a survey of over nine thousand US households, 68 percent of people with major depression also met criteria for an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives, and several studies have found that one-half to two-thirds of adults with anxiety disorders also meet criteria for major depression.7 Antidepressants are commonly used to treat both depression and anxiety disorders, while anti-anxiety medications are commonly used to treat people with both anxiety disorders and depression.

Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age by Duncan J. Watts

AOL-Time Warner, Berlin Wall, Bretton Woods, business process, corporate governance, Drosophila, Erdős number, experimental subject, fixed income, Frank Gehry, Geoffrey West, Santa Fe Institute, independent contractor, industrial cluster, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, Long Term Capital Management, market bubble, Milgram experiment, MITM: man-in-the-middle, Murray Gell-Mann, Network effects, new economy, Norbert Wiener, PalmPilot, Paul Erdős, peer-to-peer, power law, public intellectual, rolodex, Ronald Coase, Savings and loan crisis, scientific worldview, Silicon Valley, social contagion, social distancing, Stuart Kauffman, supply-chain management, The Nature of the Firm, the strength of weak ties, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Toyota Production System, Tragedy of the Commons, transaction costs, transcontinental railway, vertical integration, Vilfredo Pareto, Y2K

When the epidemic was detected in mid-February, only three weeks after the first cases had occurred, forty-three farms had already been affected. That might seem like a lot of farms, but the epidemic was still in the initial, slow-growth phase. By September, the number of farms suspected of infection had grown to over nine thousand, despite the preventative slaughter of nearly 4 million sheep and cattle. Eventually, however, even the most out-of-control epidemics come to an end, if for no other reason than they burn themselves out. Because there are only so many people (or in the case of foot-and-mouth disease, animals) who can be infected, susceptible targets become harder and harder to find, and the trajectory of the disease flattens off again.

Nomad Citizenship: Free-Market Communism and the Slow-Motion General Strike by Eugene W. Holland

business cycle, capital controls, cognitive dissonance, Colonization of Mars, commons-based peer production, complexity theory, continuation of politics by other means, deskilling, Eben Moglen, Firefox, Frederick Winslow Taylor, Free Software Foundation, full employment, Herbert Marcuse, informal economy, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, Jane Jacobs, Kim Stanley Robinson, Lewis Mumford, means of production, microcredit, military-industrial complex, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, Naomi Klein, New Urbanism, peak oil, post-Fordism, price mechanism, Richard Stallman, Rochdale Principles, Ronald Coase, scientific management, slashdot, Stuart Kauffman, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Wisdom of Crowds, transaction costs, Upton Sinclair, urban renewal, wage slave, working poor, Yochai Benkler

On the basis of this astonishing success, NASA has renewed and extended the project, with clickworkers now mapping craters and other surface features on asteroids as well as Mars.89 DP has had similar success with similar methods: started in 2000 to as­ sist Project Gutenberg’s aim of “preserving history one page at a time” by creating an immense online library of all works not subject to copyright restrictions, DP mobilizes some fourteen hundred volunteer proofread­ ers per week (on average) to check and recheck scanned pages of books against digital photographs of the original text. While most proofreaders check just a few pages, some have done literally tens of thousands.90 The result is a total of over nine thousand proofread digitized volumes sub­ mitted to Project Gutenberg for online preservation in the past six years. Like NASA, with its volunteer clickworkers, and Project Gutenberg, with its DPs, FOSS mobilizes thousands of Internet-mediated partici­ pants—participants who, in this case, create, debug, and improve opensource software programs, including, but not limited to, the well-known and widely used GNU-Linux operating system.

A People’s History of Computing in the United States by Joy Lisi Rankin

activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Albert Einstein, Apple II, Bill Gates: Altair 8800, Charles Babbage, Compatible Time-Sharing System, computer age, Computer Lib, corporate social responsibility, digital divide, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Grace Hopper, Hacker Ethic, Howard Rheingold, Howard Zinn, it's over 9,000, Jeff Bezos, John Markoff, John von Neumann, language acquisition, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, military-industrial complex, Mother of all demos, Multics, Network effects, Norbert Wiener, pink-collar, profit motive, public intellectual, punch-card reader, RAND corporation, Silicon Valley, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, Ted Nelson, the market place, urban planning, Whole Earth Catalog, wikimedia commons

In 1967, eigh­ teen Minnesota school districts formed a unique organ­ ization known as TIES (Total Information for Educational Systems) as a cooperative venture to provide educational and administrative computing to their students and teachers.4 The TIES districts had been inspired by a 1965–1966 computing experiment at University High School (UHigh) in Minneapolis. The success of TIES propelled the creation of MECC in 1973.5 During 1974–1975, MECC’s statewide time-­sharing system served 84 ­percent of Minnesota’s public school students.6 By 1978, students played OREGON, their beloved game The Oregon Trail, on the MECC network over nine thousand times per month.7 This chapter contends that TIES and MECC users engaged in social and creative computing practices that now feature prominently in con­temporary American digital culture, including networked gaming, social networking sites, and user-­generated content. Analyzing the growth of TIES and MECC illuminates the social and technical practices of networked computing that w ­ ere distinctive to the networks’ origins within education during the 1960s.

The Ultimate Engineer: The Remarkable Life of NASA's Visionary Leader George M. Low by Richard Jurek

additive manufacturing, affirmative action, Apollo 11, Apollo 13, Charles Lindbergh, cognitive dissonance, en.wikipedia.org, Ford Model T, fudge factor, Gene Kranz, human-factors engineering, it's over 9,000, John Conway, low earth orbit, Mars Rover, Neil Armstrong, operation paperclip, orbital mechanics / astrodynamics, private spaceflight, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Stewart Brand, undersea cable, uranium enrichment, Whole Earth Catalog, Winter of Discontent, women in the workforce

The firms selected would go on to spend considerably more than they were paid: Convair spent over $1 million; General Electric, over $2 million; and the Martin Company, which sent in the most elaborate and detailed study of the three, put over three hundred people on the project for six months, spending over $3 million on the data and designs for their feasibility recommendations. Martin provided over a dozen spacecraft configuration models and a final report of over nine thousand pages. According to Chariots for Apollo, the Martin proposal focused on “versatility, flexibility, safety margins, and growth,” and it was the only study to detail “the progression of steps from a lunar orbiting mission to a lunar landing.” Despite Martin’s extra effort, the overall goal of the feasibility studies, and the emphasis of the mandate, was still a circumlunar and not a lunar landing mission.

Seriously Curious: The Facts and Figures That Turn Our World Upside Down by Tom Standage

"World Economic Forum" Davos, agricultural Revolution, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, Big Tech, blood diamond, business logic, corporate governance, CRISPR, deep learning, Deng Xiaoping, Donald Trump, Dr. Strangelove, driverless car, Elon Musk, failed state, financial independence, gender pay gap, gig economy, Gini coefficient, high net worth, high-speed rail, income inequality, index fund, industrial robot, Internet of things, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, job-hopping, Julian Assange, life extension, Lyft, M-Pesa, Mahatma Gandhi, manufacturing employment, mega-rich, megacity, Minecraft, mobile money, natural language processing, Nelson Mandela, plutocrats, post-truth, price mechanism, private spaceflight, prosperity theology / prosperity gospel / gospel of success, purchasing power parity, ransomware, reshoring, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Coase, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, South China Sea, speech recognition, stem cell, supply-chain management, transaction costs, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, undersea cable, US Airways Flight 1549, WikiLeaks, zoonotic diseases

Twenty-seven states have no minimum age for marriage. Encouragingly, the practice has become less common in recent years. This reflects changing social norms, higher rates of school attendance for girls and a decline in marriage generally. Whereas 23,500 minors got married in 2000, that figure had dropped to a little over 9,000 by 2010. Yet even as recently as 2014 more than 57,000 minors aged 15 to 17 were married. They entered perhaps the most important legal contract of their lives while, in most cases, not being considered legal adults. This means they cannot file for divorce, sign rental leases or seek protection in a shelter if they are abused.

Neutrino Hunters: The Thrilling Chase for a Ghostly Particle to Unlock the Secrets of the Universe by Ray Jayawardhana

Albert Einstein, Alfred Russel Wallace, anti-communist, Arthur Eddington, cosmic microwave background, dark matter, Eddington experiment, Ernest Rutherford, Higgs boson, invention of the telescope, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, Johannes Kepler, Large Hadron Collider, Magellanic Cloud, New Journalism, race to the bottom, random walk, Richard Feynman, Schrödinger's Cat, seminal paper, Skype, South China Sea, Stephen Hawking, time dilation, undersea cable, uranium enrichment

For Halzen, the project’s completion in December 2010 was “a great relief.” “Now that IceCube is built, people forget how incredibly risky and challenging this undertaking was. I’ve made a list of all the points when I thought the project had failed,” he added. There was little room for error, with the biting cold, high altitude (of over 9,000 feet above sea level), and dreadful isolation exacerbating the risks. Once during construction a worker mistakenly grabbed a hose hanging from a drill tower, and was thrown on his back on the rock-hard ice when the hose pulled up. The victim had to be flown to New Zealand for treatment, and it took a few weeks for him to recover completely.

Just Keep Buying: Proven Ways to Save Money and Build Your Wealth by Nick Maggiulli

Airbnb, asset allocation, Big Tech, bitcoin, buy and hold, COVID-19, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data science, diversification, diversified portfolio, financial independence, Hans Rosling, index fund, it's over 9,000, Jeff Bezos, Jeff Seder, lifestyle creep, mass affluent, mortgage debt, oil shock, payday loans, phenotype, price anchoring, risk-adjusted returns, Robert Shiller, Sam Altman, side hustle, side project, stocks for the long run, The 4% rule, time value of money, transaction costs, very high income, William Bengen, yield curve

His total investment amounted to over $30,000, meaning that every $1 move in GME’s share price was worth $300 to Darren. If the GME share price went up $1, Darren would make $300; if the GME share price went down $1, Darren would lose $300. Within 15 minutes GME climbed to $140 a share and Darren was up over $9,000. Text messages flooded the group chat praising Darren for his newly acquired riches while also speculating on where he would soon retire. But, as quickly as GME rose, it fell. Within an hour the price was below $111 and Darren’s texts showed increasing levels of worry. He put in a limit order to sell at $111 in hopes of getting his investment back, but it was too late.

A Mathematician Plays the Stock Market by John Allen Paulos

Alan Greenspan, AOL-Time Warner, Benoit Mandelbrot, Black-Scholes formula, book value, Brownian motion, business climate, business cycle, butter production in bangladesh, butterfly effect, capital asset pricing model, confounding variable, correlation coefficient, correlation does not imply causation, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, diversified portfolio, dogs of the Dow, Donald Trump, double entry bookkeeping, Elliott wave, endowment effect, equity risk premium, Erdős number, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, four colour theorem, George Gilder, global village, greed is good, index fund, intangible asset, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, John Bogle, John Nash: game theory, Larry Ellison, Long Term Capital Management, loss aversion, Louis Bachelier, mandelbrot fractal, margin call, mental accounting, Myron Scholes, Nash equilibrium, Network effects, passive investing, Paul Erdős, Paul Samuelson, Plato's cave, Ponzi scheme, power law, price anchoring, Ralph Nelson Elliott, random walk, Reminiscences of a Stock Operator, Richard Thaler, risk free rate, Robert Shiller, short selling, six sigma, Stephen Hawking, stocks for the long run, survivorship bias, transaction costs, two and twenty, ultimatum game, UUNET, Vanguard fund, Yogi Berra

Next year you’ll have $1,100, the year after that $1,210, then $1,331, and so on. (Compounding is discussed further in chapter 5.) The first digit of your account balance remains a “1” for a long time. When your account grows to over $2,000, the first digit will remain a “2” for a shorter period. And when your deposit finally grows to over $9,000, the 10 percent growth will result in more than $10,000 in your account the following year and a long return to “1” as the first digit. If you record your account balance each year for many years, these numbers will thus obey Benford’s Law. The law is also “scale-invariant” in that the dimensions of the numbers don’t matter.

Great American Railroad Journeys by Michael Portillo

Alistair Cooke, California gold rush, colonial rule, company town, Cornelius Vanderbilt, friendly fire, Howard Zinn, invention of the telephone, it's over 9,000, Kickstarter, railway mania, short selling, the High Line, transcontinental railway, union organizing

But rogues there undoubtedly were. In the rush to rebuild the south, Republican-controlled state governments had spent on a grand scale, incurring huge debts. The money was aimed at inducing corporate America to renew and extend the railroads, and it clearly worked: by 1877, the south’s total railroad mileage had gone from just over 9,000 to almost 14,000 miles (14,500 km to 22,500 km). Yet, it was an industry largely run by northern, often Republican, tycoons. In 1870, they owned 21 per cent of the network; within two decades the figure was 88 per cent. So frenzied was this dash-for-track that, when the voters of Arkansas were asked to decide on some railroad plans, detail was superfluous.

Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand by Samuel R. Delany

it's over 9,000, time dilation

The stones were almost identical to the ones she was wearing – and though I’d seen that particular fountain hundreds of times before, I’d just never made the connection. ‘Pardon?’ ‘Sorry. I was just talking to Ynn.’ She plunged the spit, and swivelled it, making foam along the brim. ‘She says that in the last half hour the arrivals have gone from just under a thousand to over nine thousand people outside; they’re backed up for almost a kilometre. About two thousand have arrived in the last ten minutes alone – ’ ‘Nine thousand?’ ‘Another two thousand are expected within the next few minutes.’ She raised the spit’s business end and shook down droplets on the water. ‘I have to go hang this up somewhere and set food on another free one, now, don’t I?’

Straphanger by Taras Grescoe

active transport: walking or cycling, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, airport security, Albert Einstein, big-box store, bike sharing, Boeing 747, Boris Johnson, British Empire, call centre, car-free, carbon credits, carbon footprint, carbon tax, City Beautiful movement, classic study, company town, congestion charging, congestion pricing, Cornelius Vanderbilt, correlation does not imply causation, David Brooks, deindustrialization, Donald Shoup, East Village, edge city, Enrique Peñalosa, extreme commuting, financial deregulation, fixed-gear, Frank Gehry, gentrification, glass ceiling, Golden Gate Park, Great Leap Forward, high-speed rail, housing crisis, hydraulic fracturing, indoor plumbing, intermodal, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, Jane Jacobs, Japanese asset price bubble, jitney, Joan Didion, Kickstarter, Kitchen Debate, laissez-faire capitalism, Marshall McLuhan, mass immigration, McMansion, megacity, megaproject, messenger bag, mortgage tax deduction, Network effects, New Urbanism, obamacare, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, Own Your Own Home, parking minimums, peak oil, pension reform, Peter Calthorpe, Ponzi scheme, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, sensible shoes, Silicon Valley, Skype, streetcar suburb, subprime mortgage crisis, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the High Line, transit-oriented development, union organizing, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, walkable city, white flight, working poor, young professional, Zipcar

“Back in the seventies,” he told me, “we took over the assets of Penn Central and Reading Railroads, which were basically bankrupt railroads that didn’t invest a lot in their passenger services. Last month I had to deal with four catenary failures—these overhead wires that were installed back in the thirties, they just wore out and broke. We’ve also got a workforce of over nine thousand, and we have to deal with seventeen separate unions.” But SEPTA’s main problem, according to Casey, is money. “Our primary funding mechanism is the state sales tax. It covers about half our operating expenses, and we get a much smaller operating subsidy from the federal government and the city.

The Divided Nation: A History of Germany, 1918-1990 by Mary Fulbrook

Albert Einstein, banking crisis, Berlin Wall, bread and circuses, centre right, classic study, coherent worldview, collective bargaining, death from overwork, deindustrialization, Fall of the Berlin Wall, feminist movement, first-past-the-post, fixed income, full employment, it's over 9,000, joint-stock company, land reform, means of production, Mikhail Gorbachev, open borders, Peace of Westphalia, Sinatra Doctrine, union organizing, unorthodox policies

Killings started here in 1942; gradually techniques were improved, with the construction of specially designed gas chambers and crematoria, the largest of which, it was boasted, could 'process' up to three thousand people a day, although individual transports were never quite that large. When all the gas chambers and crematoria were in operation it was possible to kill over nine thousand people within twenty-four hours a figure achieved one day in the summer of 1944. 6 'Selections' of those fit to work, and those designed to go straight to the gas chambers, initially took place on the main Auschwitz station, and then, when the side line had been constructed, on the long platform or 'ramp' in Auschwitz-Birkenau itself.

The Patient Will See You Now: The Future of Medicine Is in Your Hands by Eric Topol

23andMe, 3D printing, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Anne Wojcicki, Atul Gawande, augmented reality, Big Tech, bioinformatics, call centre, Clayton Christensen, clean water, cloud computing, commoditize, computer vision, conceptual framework, connected car, correlation does not imply causation, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, dark matter, data acquisition, data science, deep learning, digital divide, disintermediation, disruptive innovation, don't be evil, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Erik Brynjolfsson, Firefox, gamification, global village, Google Glasses, Google X / Alphabet X, Ignaz Semmelweis: hand washing, information asymmetry, interchangeable parts, Internet of things, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, job automation, Julian Assange, Kevin Kelly, license plate recognition, lifelogging, Lyft, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, meta-analysis, microbiome, Nate Silver, natural language processing, Network effects, Nicholas Carr, obamacare, pattern recognition, personalized medicine, phenotype, placebo effect, quantum cryptography, RAND corporation, randomized controlled trial, Salesforce, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia, Snapchat, social graph, speech recognition, stealth mode startup, Steve Jobs, synthetic biology, the scientific method, The Signal and the Noise by Nate Silver, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, traumatic brain injury, Turing test, Uber for X, uber lyft, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, WikiLeaks, X Prize

But this remains a rarity. In fact, in 2014, only two million patients in the United States were thought to have access to their notes about their treatment.11 The reason why is because paternalism has closed the minds of physicians and consumers alike. According to a Harris poll of nearly four thousand doctors and over nine thousand consumers, only 31 percent of physicians believe their patients should have full access to their notes.3,4 Correspondingly, only 36 percent of consumers reported full access to their records even though 84 percent believe it is their right to have it.12 Interestingly, over 40 percent of consumers surveyed were willing to switch doctors in order to gain full access to their records.

Divided: Why We're Living in an Age of Walls by Tim Marshall

affirmative action, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, Brexit referendum, cryptocurrency, Deng Xiaoping, digital divide, Donald Trump, end world poverty, facts on the ground, gentrification, illegal immigration, immigration reform, income inequality, it's over 9,000, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, mass immigration, megacity, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, New Urbanism, open borders, openstreetmap, profit motive, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan: Tear down this wall, Scramble for Africa, Silicon Valley, South China Sea, the built environment, trade route, unpaid internship, urban planning

In the Saddam era, Iraq was dominated by the minority Sunni population, but after he was overthrown Shia groups became more powerful; militias on both sides have carried out multiple bombings and shootings to further their political aims. Iraq suffers from more terrorist attacks than any other country – nearly 3,000 incidents in 2016, with over 9,000 dead – Islamic State (IS) being responsible for the worst of them. Having originated in Iraq following the 2003 US invasion, IS became one of the most notorious and widespread terror organizations, extending its presence across the Middle East, including Syria, Libya, Yemen and Egypt. Most governments in the region are aware that IS could filter into and destabilize other areas with its extremist views and violent activities, and are keen to prevent that happening.

Radical Cities: Across Latin America in Search of a New Architecture by Justin McGuirk

A Pattern Language, agricultural Revolution, dark matter, Day of the Dead, digital divide, Donald Trump, Enrique Peñalosa, extreme commuting, facts on the ground, gentrification, Guggenheim Bilbao, Hernando de Soto, housing crisis, illegal immigration, income per capita, informal economy, it's over 9,000, Jane Jacobs, Kickstarter, lateral thinking, Leo Hollis, mass immigration, megaproject, microcredit, Milgram experiment, neoliberal agenda, New Urbanism, off-the-grid, place-making, Silicon Valley, starchitect, technoutopianism, unorthodox policies, urban decay, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, value engineering, Washington Consensus

He had recently completed the campus for the Universidad Central de Venezuela, one of the most gracious modernist campuses in the world. And now, with funding from the Banco Obrero, he had the chance to build his tour de force. He conceived of 23 de Enero as thirty-eight superbloques supplemented by dozens of medium-sized blocks, providing over 9,000 units. These were to be scattered evenly across a terraced hillside to the west of Caracas, with acres of green space in between. The very picture of modernist utopia, this was paternalistic politics as spectacle. However, in the confusion after the overthrow of Jiménez, and before it was even completed, 23 was squatted by an estimated 4,000 families.

A Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson

Albert Einstein, Albert Michelson, Alfred Russel Wallace, All science is either physics or stamp collecting, Apollo 11, Arthur Eddington, Barry Marshall: ulcers, Brownian motion, California gold rush, Cepheid variable, clean water, Copley Medal, cosmological constant, dark matter, Dava Sobel, David Attenborough, double helix, Drosophila, Eddington experiment, Edmond Halley, Ernest Rutherford, Fellow of the Royal Society, flying shuttle, Gregor Mendel, Harvard Computers: women astronomers, Helicobacter pylori, Higgs boson, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, James Watt: steam engine, John Harrison: Longitude, Kevin Kelly, Kuiper Belt, Large Hadron Collider, Louis Pasteur, luminiferous ether, Magellanic Cloud, Menlo Park, Murray Gell-Mann, out of africa, Richard Feynman, Stephen Hawking, supervolcano, Thomas Malthus, Wilhelm Olbers

They found that this single small sample contained between 4,000 and 5,000 separate bacterial species, more than in the whole of Bergey's Manual. They then traveled to a coastal location a few miles away, scooped up another gram of earth, and found that it contained 4,000 to 5,000 other species. As Edward O. Wilson observes: “If over 9,000 microbial types exist in two pinches of substrate from two localities in Norway, how many more await discovery in other, radically different habitats?” Well, according to one estimate, it could be as high as 400 million. We don't look in the right places. In The Diversity of Life, Wilson describes how one botanist spent a few days tramping around ten hectares of jungle in Borneo and discovered a thousand new species of flowering plant—more than are found in the whole of North America.

…

Bodanis, The Secret House, p. 16. 27 “to quote the man who did the measuring . . .” New Scientist, “Bugs Bite Back,” February 17, 2001, p. 48. 28 “These mites have been with us since time immemorial . . .” Bodanis, The Secret House, p. 15. 29 “Your sample will also contain perhaps a million plump yeasts . . .” National Geographic, “Bacteria,” August 1993, p. 39. 30 “If over 9,000 microbial types exist . . .” Wilson, The Diversity of Life, p. 144. 31 “it could be as high as 400 million.” Tudge, The Variety of Life, p. 8. 32 “discovered a thousand new species of flowering plant . . .” Wilson, The Diversity of Life, p. 197. 33 “tropical rain forests cover only about 6 percent . . .”

The Green New Deal: Why the Fossil Fuel Civilization Will Collapse by 2028, and the Bold Economic Plan to Save Life on Earth by Jeremy Rifkin

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, 2013 Report for America's Infrastructure - American Society of Civil Engineers - 19 March 2013, American Society of Civil Engineers: Report Card, autonomous vehicles, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, bike sharing, blockchain, book value, borderless world, business cycle, business process, carbon footprint, carbon tax, circular economy, collective bargaining, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, decarbonisation, digital rights, do well by doing good, electricity market, en.wikipedia.org, energy transition, failed state, general purpose technology, ghettoisation, green new deal, Greta Thunberg, high-speed rail, hydrogen economy, impact investing, information asymmetry, intangible asset, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, Joseph Schumpeter, means of production, megacity, megaproject, military-industrial complex, Network effects, new economy, off grid, off-the-grid, oil shale / tar sands, peak oil, planetary scale, prudent man rule, remunicipalization, renewable energy credits, rewilding, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, sharing economy, Sidewalk Labs, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, smart grid, sovereign wealth fund, Steven Levy, subprime mortgage crisis, the built environment, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tim Cook: Apple, trade route, union organizing, urban planning, vertical integration, warehouse automation, women in the workforce, zero-sum game

The response I often get is silence, because the only other alternative is to remain trapped in a dying, carbon-based Second Industrial Revolution economy, whose aggregate efficiencies and productivity peaked decades ago and which is now taking the world into the sixth extinction event. What, then, is holding us up? Connecting the Dots Over 9,000 cities and local governments have come together in the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy to create sustainable communities and address climate change.5 These cities can boast of introducing scores of high-visibility green “pilot projects,” including solar and wind installations, electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel-cell buses, LEED-certified buildings, recycling programs, etc.

Four Lost Cities: A Secret History of the Urban Age by Annalee Newitz

biofilm, Black Lives Matter, clean water, correlation does not imply causation, COVID-19, David Graeber, Easter island, European colonialism, Ferguson, Missouri, gentrification, Geoffrey West, Santa Fe Institute, it's over 9,000, Jane Jacobs, Lewis Mumford, mass immigration, megacity, off-the-grid, rent control, the built environment, trade route, urban planning, urban sprawl

But if we’ve learned anything from history, we know the death of a few cities doesn’t mean the world will collapse into dystopia. We will survive the urban end times, just like so many people did when they abandoned Çatalhöyük, Pompeii, Angkor, and Cahokia. The question is, what will we do next? Humans have been building cities for over 9,000 years, but it’s only in the past few decades that the majority of us have lived in urban areas. With so many people flocking to our modern-day versions of Cahokia, cities seem inevitable—but they aren’t. After abandoning our future cities, some people may return to small-town life, like the people of Angkor and Çatalhöyük did.

The Geeks Shall Inherit the Earth: Popularity, Quirk Theory, and Why Outsiders Thrive After High School by Alexandra Robbins

airport security, Albert Einstein, Columbine, game design, hive mind, it's over 9,000, Larry Ellison, messenger bag, out of africa, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Skype, Slavoj Žižek, social intelligence, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, The Wisdom of Crowds, trickle-down economics

A majority of them are in AP Gov. They could never see me hanging out with them,” Blue said. “I’m at a point in my life where I’m trying desperately to find my place in the world, you know?” “Yes. But how can you find your place if you don’t at least peek at other places?” “You’re making it sound like I haven’t tried over nine thousand things. Ever since I was in middle school, I’ve gone from popular jock to anime freak to hardcore skater to overachiever to computer builder and all back again,” Blue said. But he was willing to try once more. DANIELLE, ILLINOIS | THE LONER Danielle was doing homework in the dining room when her mother returned home from parent-teacher conferences.

Refuge: Transforming a Broken Refugee System by Alexander Betts, Paul Collier

Alvin Roth, anti-communist, centre right, charter city, corporate social responsibility, Donald Trump, failed state, Filter Bubble, global supply chain, informal economy, it's over 9,000, Kibera, mass immigration, megacity, middle-income trap, mobile money, Mohammed Bouazizi, mutually assured destruction, open borders, Peace of Westphalia, peer-to-peer, race to the bottom, randomized controlled trial, rising living standards, risk/return, school choice, special economic zone, structural adjustment programs, tail risk, trade route, urban planning, zero-sum game

Without a role to play in meeting the US’s Cold War strategic interests, it sought to reinvent itself as a humanitarian organization. The camp made this possible, allowing the organization to dramatically expand its staff numbers and budget through its growing and visible role in both emergency assistance and long-term camp management. UNHCR staff numbers grew from 500 to over 9,000 between 1950 and 2016. Camps provided jobs: just not for refugees. While the refugee regime has not been entirely static over the last several decades, it has certainly been path-dependent, and today’s system still resembles that created for the particular circumstances of post-war Europe, albeit in a radically different world.

The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class by Guy Standing

8-hour work day, banking crisis, barriers to entry, basic income, behavioural economics, Bertrand Russell: In Praise of Idleness, bread and circuses, call centre, Cass Sunstein, centre right, collective bargaining, company town, corporate governance, crony capitalism, death from overwork, deindustrialization, deskilling, emotional labour, export processing zone, fear of failure, full employment, Herbert Marcuse, hiring and firing, Honoré de Balzac, housing crisis, illegal immigration, immigration reform, income inequality, independent contractor, information security, it's over 9,000, job polarisation, karōshi / gwarosa / guolaosi, labour market flexibility, labour mobility, land reform, libertarian paternalism, low skilled workers, lump of labour, marginal employment, Mark Zuckerberg, mass immigration, means of production, mini-job, moral hazard, Naomi Klein, nudge unit, old age dependency ratio, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, pension time bomb, pensions crisis, placebo effect, post-industrial society, precariat, presumed consent, quantitative easing, remote working, rent-seeking, Richard Thaler, rising living standards, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, science of happiness, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, technological determinism, The Market for Lemons, The Nature of the Firm, The Spirit Level, Tobin tax, transaction costs, universal basic income, unpaid internship, winner-take-all economy, working poor, working-age population, young professional

Most hold low-paying, part-time or short-term contract jobs. According to sociology professor Kensuke Suzuki, ‘These are men who feel disenfranchised in their own society. They are looking for someone to blame, and foreigners are the most obvious target’ (Fackler, 2010). The largest group, with over 9,000 members in 2010, is called Zaitokukai, an abbreviation for its full cumbersome name – Citizens Who Will Not Forgive Special Privileges for Koreans in Japan. Such groups have been stepping up hostile demonstrations against migrants and say they model themselves on the US Tea Party. Unless the commodification of politics is checked, we will see a further thinning of democratic involvement, particularly on the part of the progressive part of the precariat.

The Coming Plague: Newly Emerging Diseases in a World Out of Balance by Laurie Garrett

Albert Einstein, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, Bill Atkinson, biofilm, British Empire, Buckminster Fuller, clean water, contact tracing, correlation does not imply causation, discovery of penicillin, disinformation, double helix, Edward Jenner, European colonialism, Fall of the Berlin Wall, germ theory of disease, global macro, global pandemic, global village, Gregor Mendel, Herbert Marcuse, indoor plumbing, invention of air conditioning, it's over 9,000, John Snow's cholera map, land reform, Live Aid, Louis Pasteur, Marshall McLuhan, mass incarceration, megacity, Menlo Park, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, New Urbanism, phenotype, price mechanism, Ralph Nader, Recombinant DNA, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, San Francisco homelessness, seminal paper, South China Sea, the scientific method, trade route, transfer pricing, upwardly mobile, urban renewal, urban sprawl, Zimmermann PGP

The agency’s infectious disease prevention and control budget had by 1980 declined 16 percent from 1969–76.5 Given the reported mortality statistics, this resource shift seemed wholly appropriate. Sexually transmitted diseases had declined dramatically all over the industrialized world since the discovery of antibiotic treatments for syphilis and gonorrhea. In the 1920s over 9,000 Americans died each year of syphilis, and 60,000 children were born infected with the spirochete. In 1940, just before the introduction of antibiotics, 13,000 Americans died of syphilis. But by 1949, with the availability of antibiotic treatments, fewer than 6,000 Americans died of syphilis, and all signs pointed toward a continuing decline as physicians improved their use of the drugs and more infected people sought treatment.

…

National Institutes of Health panel concluded in 1977.14 The same week the CDC reported the Philippines link, it also reported on a Georgia man suffering from a new type of gonorrhea that was resistant to the two other most commonly used treatments for the disease: spectinomycin and ampicillin. The CDC scoured over 9,000 gonorrhea isolates collected nationwide prior to 1976 and found no evidence of the spectinomycin-resistant strain in the United States prior to February 1977. It had existed in Denmark, however, where two cases were discovered in 1976. By May 1977, the penicillin-resistant PPNG strain had been spotted in seventeen countries, and all the North American and European cases traced back to either the Philippines or West Africa.

…

Ho Wang Lee of Korea University Medical School in Seoul to discover the virus, using electron microscopes to spot the round microbes that were neatly stacked in rows along the epithelial lining of Apodemus lungs.6 The natural territory of A. agrarius included large parts of Japan, Korea, northeastern China, and southeastern and central Russia. In South Korea between 1955 and 1977, over 9,000 cases of Hantaan were documented; 6.5 percent were fatal. Far more cases were suspected, but were thought to have escaped diagnosis because of their similarity to milder, common ailments, such as influenza. During the 1970s eleven other forms of hantaviruses were discovered in Eastern Europe and Asia, all linked to usually mild kidney diseases with fatality rates ranging from 10 down to 0.1 percent of all infected people.

The History of the Future: Oculus, Facebook, and the Revolution That Swept Virtual Reality by Blake J. Harris

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 4chan, airport security, Anne Wojcicki, Apollo 11, Asian financial crisis, augmented reality, barriers to entry, Benchmark Capital, Bernie Sanders, bitcoin, call centre, Carl Icahn, company town, computer vision, cryptocurrency, data science, disruptive innovation, Donald Trump, drone strike, Elon Musk, fake news, financial independence, game design, Grace Hopper, hype cycle, illegal immigration, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, Ivan Sutherland, Jaron Lanier, Jony Ive, Kickstarter, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, Minecraft, move fast and break things, Neal Stephenson, Network effects, Oculus Rift, off-the-grid, Peter Thiel, QR code, sensor fusion, Sheryl Sandberg, side project, Silicon Valley, SimCity, skunkworks, Skype, slashdot, Snapchat, Snow Crash, software patent, stealth mode startup, Steve Jobs, unpaid internship, white picket fence

Luckey assumed that this was just a quirky ask from a hardcore gaming crowd. But then it happened again two days later, at SIGGRAPH in Los Angeles. Then again at Gamescom in Germany (August 15) and at Unity’s Unite event Amsterdam (August 22). Throughout the month, the excitement for Oculus continued—eventually surpassing $2 million on Kickstarter with pledges from over nine thousand supporters (including heavy hitters like Minecraft creator Markus “Notch” Persson, who backed the guys to the tune of $10,000). On the heels of that momentum, Meteor Entertainment and Adhesive Games—whose almost complete mech shooter Hawken was headed to PCs in December—announced that they’d be porting an iteration of the game to work with the Rift.1 Now, in addition to Doom 3 BFG, there’d be another game ready to go when the headsets shipped in December.

Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower by William Blum

anti-communist, AOL-Time Warner, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, British Empire, collective bargaining, Columbine, disinformation, experimental subject, Fall of the Berlin Wall, it's over 9,000, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Joseph Schumpeter, land reform, military-industrial complex, Monroe Doctrine, Nelson Mandela, Oklahoma City bombing, profit motive, Ronald Reagan, Seymour Hersh, Timothy McVeigh, union organizing

In training exercises, DU is dropped on the island of San Clemente off the California coast, and perhaps only on some future day will we realize what the effects were of what drifted across to the mainland by air and sea. That island is at least uninhabited, unlike the island of Vieques in Puerto Rico, where over 9,000 American citizens dwell They've had to endure almost 60 years of aerial target practice and war games, including the dropping of napalm, and in recent years, depleted uranium shells. Puerto Rican activists claim that Vieques has become contaminated with radioactivity, which contributes to a cancer rate among the island's inhabitants that is twice the national average.

Just Here Trying to Save a Few Lives: Tales of Life and Death From the ER by Pamela Grim

clean water, crack epidemic, it's over 9,000, time dilation

The bullet had entered the epigastric area, the midpoint of the belly, and exited out the right flank, well away from the spinal cord. A fixable injury. But it didn't take us long to figure out why the man had been shot. The nurse asked him: “How old are you?” “Look, don't waste my time asking a bunch of stupid questions,” the guy said. We were searching his pants for his driver's license and came up with over $9,000 in hundred-dollar bills stashed in his coat pocket. “Do you have any health problems?” the nurse asked. “No, I don't have any goddamn health problems.” The surgical residents started to arrive. The first surgeon to walk in was the second-year resident. He looked at the guy and said, “Who shot you?”

Cryptoassets: The Innovative Investor's Guide to Bitcoin and Beyond: The Innovative Investor's Guide to Bitcoin and Beyond by Chris Burniske, Jack Tatar

Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, altcoin, Alvin Toffler, asset allocation, asset-backed security, autonomous vehicles, Bear Stearns, bitcoin, Bitcoin Ponzi scheme, blockchain, Blythe Masters, book value, business cycle, business process, buy and hold, capital controls, carbon tax, Carmen Reinhart, Clayton Christensen, clean water, cloud computing, collateralized debt obligation, commoditize, correlation coefficient, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, cryptocurrency, disintermediation, distributed ledger, diversification, diversified portfolio, Dogecoin, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, fiat currency, financial engineering, financial innovation, fixed income, Future Shock, general purpose technology, George Gilder, Google Hangouts, high net worth, hype cycle, information security, initial coin offering, it's over 9,000, Jeff Bezos, Kenneth Rogoff, Kickstarter, Leonard Kleinrock, litecoin, low interest rates, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, market bubble, money market fund, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, moral hazard, Network effects, packet switching, passive investing, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer lending, Peter Thiel, pets.com, Ponzi scheme, prediction markets, quantitative easing, quantum cryptography, RAND corporation, random walk, Renaissance Technologies, risk free rate, risk tolerance, risk-adjusted returns, Robert Shiller, Ross Ulbricht, Salesforce, Satoshi Nakamoto, seminal paper, Sharpe ratio, Silicon Valley, Simon Singh, Skype, smart contracts, social web, South Sea Bubble, Steve Jobs, transaction costs, tulip mania, Turing complete, two and twenty, Uber for X, Vanguard fund, Vitalik Buterin, WikiLeaks, Y2K

Venture capital investors (VCs) often invest in ideas and development teams, having faith they will work their way toward success. Ethereum democratized that process beyond VCs. For perspective on the price of ether in this crowdsale, consider that at the start of April 2017, ether was worth $50 per unit, implying returns over 160x in under three years.19 Just over 9,000 people bought ether during the presale, placing the average initial investment at $2,000, which has since grown to over $320,000.20 According to the Ethereum white paper, the profits from this sale would be “used entirely to pay salaries and bounties to developers, and invested into various for-profit and non-profit projects in the Ethereum and cryptocurrency ecosystem.”

Permanent Record by Edward Snowden

A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Aaron Swartz, air gap, Berlin Wall, call centre, Chelsea Manning, cloud computing, cognitive dissonance, company town, disinformation, drone strike, Edward Snowden, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Free Software Foundation, information security, it's over 9,000, job-hopping, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, Laura Poitras, Mark Zuckerberg, McMansion, Neal Stephenson, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, operational security, pattern recognition, peak oil, pre–internet, Rubik’s Cube, Silicon Valley, Skype, Snow Crash, sovereign wealth fund, surveillance capitalism, trade route, WikiLeaks, zero day

I had to restrain myself from keying in Lindsay’s number and saying, from across the floor, “I’m calling from a fridge.” Beyond that, the salesperson continued, the fridge’s computer kept track of internal temperature, and, through scanning barcodes, the freshness of your food. It also provided nutritional information and suggested recipes. I think the price was over $9,000. “Delivery included,” the salesperson said. I remember driving home in a confused silence. This wasn’t quite the stunning moonshot tech-future we’d been promised. I was convinced the only reason that thing was Internet-equipped was so that it could report back to its manufacturer about its owner’s usage and about any other household data that was obtainable.

The Age of Radiance: The Epic Rise and Dramatic Fall of the Atomic Era by Craig Nelson

Albert Einstein, Brownian motion, Charles Lindbergh, clean tech, cognitive dissonance, Columbine, continuation of politics by other means, corporate governance, cuban missile crisis, dark matter, Doomsday Clock, Dr. Strangelove, El Camino Real, Ernest Rutherford, failed state, Great Leap Forward, Henri Poincaré, Herman Kahn, hive mind, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, John von Neumann, Louis Pasteur, low earth orbit, Menlo Park, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, music of the spheres, mutually assured destruction, nuclear taboo, nuclear winter, oil shale / tar sands, Project Plowshare, Ralph Nader, Richard Feynman, Ronald Reagan, Skype, Strategic Defense Initiative, Stuxnet, technoutopianism, Ted Sorensen, TED Talk, too big to fail, uranium enrichment, William Langewiesche, éminence grise

Mike had another party interested in its delay, for when he learned it was set for three days before the November presidential election pitting Adlai Stevenson against Dwight Eisenhower, Harry Truman sent word to the AEC “that the President would not change the date, but he would certainly be pleased if technical reasons cause a postponement.” All of these concerns were completely ignored as Mike became a physical manifestation of Cold War hysteria. By October 1952, over nine thousand enlisted men and two thousand civilians were in tents or on ships in the Eniwetok vicinity, supported by eighty aircraft and a full navy task force of ships. Five hundred scientific bases were on thirty islands; the control room was on Estes atoll, while the core scientists and technicians were on Parry.

Adaptive Markets: Financial Evolution at the Speed of Thought by Andrew W. Lo

Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, Alfred Russel Wallace, algorithmic trading, Andrei Shleifer, Arthur Eddington, Asian financial crisis, asset allocation, asset-backed security, backtesting, bank run, barriers to entry, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, bitcoin, Bob Litterman, Bonfire of the Vanities, bonus culture, break the buck, Brexit referendum, Brownian motion, business cycle, business process, butterfly effect, buy and hold, capital asset pricing model, Captain Sullenberger Hudson, carbon tax, Carmen Reinhart, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collateralized debt obligation, commoditize, computerized trading, confounding variable, corporate governance, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, cryptocurrency, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, delayed gratification, democratizing finance, Diane Coyle, diversification, diversified portfolio, do well by doing good, double helix, easy for humans, difficult for computers, equity risk premium, Ernest Rutherford, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, experimental economics, experimental subject, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial innovation, financial intermediation, fixed income, Flash crash, Fractional reserve banking, framing effect, Glass-Steagall Act, global macro, Gordon Gekko, greed is good, Hans Rosling, Henri Poincaré, high net worth, housing crisis, incomplete markets, index fund, information security, interest rate derivative, invention of the telegraph, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, James Watt: steam engine, Jeff Hawkins, Jim Simons, job satisfaction, John Bogle, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Meriwether, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Rogoff, language acquisition, London Interbank Offered Rate, Long Term Capital Management, longitudinal study, loss aversion, Louis Pasteur, mandelbrot fractal, margin call, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, martingale, megaproject, merger arbitrage, meta-analysis, Milgram experiment, mirror neurons, money market fund, moral hazard, Myron Scholes, Neil Armstrong, Nick Leeson, old-boy network, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), out of africa, p-value, PalmPilot, paper trading, passive investing, Paul Lévy, Paul Samuelson, Paul Volcker talking about ATMs, Phillips curve, Ponzi scheme, predatory finance, prediction markets, price discovery process, profit maximization, profit motive, proprietary trading, public intellectual, quantitative hedge fund, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, RAND corporation, random walk, randomized controlled trial, Renaissance Technologies, Richard Feynman, Richard Feynman: Challenger O-ring, risk tolerance, Robert Shiller, Robert Solow, Sam Peltzman, Savings and loan crisis, seminal paper, Shai Danziger, short selling, sovereign wealth fund, Stanford marshmallow experiment, Stanford prison experiment, statistical arbitrage, Steven Pinker, stochastic process, stocks for the long run, subprime mortgage crisis, survivorship bias, systematic bias, Thales and the olive presses, The Great Moderation, the scientific method, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, theory of mind, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, Tobin tax, too big to fail, transaction costs, Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, ultimatum game, uptick rule, Upton Sinclair, US Airways Flight 1549, Walter Mischel, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, WikiLeaks, Yogi Berra, zero-sum game

If the hedge fund’s bet goes wrong—maybe the Apricard technology has a flaw that allows hackers to steal millions of credit card numbers—and Apricot suffers a 10 percent loss while BlueBerry benefits from its competitor’s woes and enjoys a 10 percent gain, the hedge fund will lose $6 million, wiping out 60 percent of the fund. The power of leverage and short selling cuts both ways. There are currently over nine thousand hedge funds worldwide, managing more than $2 trillion in assets, and an unknown number of hedge fund–like entities at proprietary trading desks and the like. In fact, the hedge fund industry is more like twenty to thirty cottage industries, each with its own particular specialty. The mix of this industry clearly is adaptive to market conditions: new funds are started to take advantage of emerging opportunities from one strategy, while other funds close down after experiencing losses from another strategy.

K2: Life and Death on the World's Most Dangerous Mountain by Ed Viesturs, David Roberts

British Empire, clockwatching, it's over 9,000, summit fever, trade route

The Americans hired 180 porters to get their gear to base camp; the Italians would end up employing 600, and the total baggage those native porters hauled amounted to sixteen tons of food and gear. The budget for Houston’s team in 1953 was exactly $30,958.32 (the 1938 expedition had cost only a little over $9,000); although Desio never discloses the final figure, the cost of the Italian expedition was well in excess of 70 million lire, or about $108,000 in 1954 currency. That figure calculates out to $821,000 in today’s dollars—an astronomical sum, any way you look at it. The most expensive expedition I ever went on was Jim Whittaker’s International Peace Climb of Everest in 1990, because we Americans footed the bill not only for ourselves but for the Russian and Chinese climbers as well.

Culture & Empire: Digital Revolution by Pieter Hintjens

4chan, Aaron Swartz, airport security, AltaVista, anti-communist, anti-pattern, barriers to entry, Bill Duvall, bitcoin, blockchain, Boeing 747, bread and circuses, business climate, business intelligence, business process, Chelsea Manning, clean water, commoditize, congestion charging, Corn Laws, correlation does not imply causation, cryptocurrency, Debian, decentralized internet, disinformation, Edward Snowden, failed state, financial independence, Firefox, full text search, gamification, German hyperinflation, global village, GnuPG, Google Chrome, greed is good, Hernando de Soto, hiring and firing, independent contractor, informal economy, intangible asset, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, James Watt: steam engine, Jeff Rulifson, Julian Assange, Kickstarter, Laura Poitras, M-Pesa, mass immigration, mass incarceration, mega-rich, military-industrial complex, MITM: man-in-the-middle, mutually assured destruction, Naomi Klein, national security letter, Nelson Mandela, new economy, New Urbanism, no silver bullet, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, offshore financial centre, packet switching, patent troll, peak oil, power law, pre–internet, private military company, race to the bottom, real-name policy, rent-seeking, reserve currency, RFC: Request For Comment, Richard Feynman, Richard Stallman, Ross Ulbricht, Russell Brand, Satoshi Nakamoto, security theater, selection bias, Skype, slashdot, software patent, spectrum auction, Steve Crocker, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, Stuxnet, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, trade route, transaction costs, twin studies, union organizing, wealth creators, web application, WikiLeaks, Y2K, zero day, Zipf's Law

However, what it really signified was the escalation of the war between the Spider and Para-state, and the digital revolution. Anonymous, worthy of a book in themselves, had sharpened its teeth on Scientology, no easy target. In 2008 there were maybe half a million Scientologists in the world (claims varied from 100,000 to an unlikely 20 million). Then in February, over 9,000 protestors came out onto the streets and confronted this organization. By 2013, the largest pro-Scientology events -- such as in Clearwater, FL in November 2013 -- had no more than 2,000 or 3,000 people. And this demolition of Scientology, one of the most powerful and feared cults, cost nothing, no private investigators, no weapons, no violence, and indeed very little confrontation.

Green Tyranny: Exposing the Totalitarian Roots of the Climate Industrial Complex by Rupert Darwall

1960s counterculture, active measures, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Albert Einstein, Bakken shale, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, California energy crisis, carbon credits, carbon footprint, centre right, clean tech, collapse of Lehman Brothers, creative destruction, decarbonisation, deindustrialization, dematerialisation, disinformation, Donald Trump, electricity market, Elon Musk, energy security, energy transition, facts on the ground, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Garrett Hardin, gigafactory, Gunnar Myrdal, Herbert Marcuse, hydraulic fracturing, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, it's over 9,000, James Watt: steam engine, John Elkington, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Rogoff, Kickstarter, liberal capitalism, market design, means of production, megaproject, Mikhail Gorbachev, mittelstand, Murray Bookchin, Neil Armstrong, nuclear winter, obamacare, oil shale / tar sands, Paris climate accords, Peace of Westphalia, peak oil, plutocrats, postindustrial economy, precautionary principle, pre–internet, recommendation engine, renewable energy transition, rent-seeking, road to serfdom, rolling blackouts, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Solyndra, Strategic Defense Initiative, subprime mortgage crisis, tech baron, tech billionaire, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tragedy of the Commons, women in the workforce, young professional

Yet the amount of energy involved in a single lightning flash might come as a surprise—comparable to that used to keep five 100-watt light bulbs alight for one month but concentrated into a mere 300 milliseconds or less.50 The explosive nature of a lightning flash gives a clue to the problem of storing electricity: If you try to stuff a force into a small space (i.e., store it), the more tension it creates, the greater the costs, and the higher the danger. In due course, further stuffing becomes a physical impossibility: There is a sudden explosive release of energy. The channel temperature in a lightning flash reaches well over 9,000°C (16,200°F). You can’t make a bucket and fill it up with electrons; if you did, it would be a bomb, not a battery. Storing electricity therefore requires converting it into other forms of energy: as chemical energy in batteries or as potential energy in pumped-storage hydro systems, to be reconverted the moment it is needed, involving energy losses on the way in and the way out.

The Equality Machine: Harnessing Digital Technology for a Brighter, More Inclusive Future by Orly Lobel

2021 United States Capitol attack, 23andMe, Ada Lovelace, affirmative action, Airbnb, airport security, Albert Einstein, algorithmic bias, Amazon Mechanical Turk, augmented reality, barriers to entry, basic income, Big Tech, bioinformatics, Black Lives Matter, Boston Dynamics, Charles Babbage, choice architecture, computer vision, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, contact tracing, coronavirus, corporate social responsibility, correlation does not imply causation, COVID-19, crowdsourcing, data science, David Attenborough, David Heinemeier Hansson, deep learning, deepfake, digital divide, digital map, Elon Musk, emotional labour, equal pay for equal work, feminist movement, Filter Bubble, game design, gender pay gap, George Floyd, gig economy, glass ceiling, global pandemic, Google Chrome, Grace Hopper, income inequality, index fund, information asymmetry, Internet of things, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, iterative process, job automation, Lao Tzu, large language model, lockdown, machine readable, machine translation, Mark Zuckerberg, market bubble, microaggression, Moneyball by Michael Lewis explains big data, natural language processing, Netflix Prize, Network effects, Northpointe / Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions, occupational segregation, old-boy network, OpenAI, openstreetmap, paperclip maximiser, pattern recognition, performance metric, personalized medicine, price discrimination, publish or perish, QR code, randomized controlled trial, remote working, risk tolerance, robot derives from the Czech word robota Czech, meaning slave, Ronald Coase, Salesforce, self-driving car, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, social distancing, social intelligence, speech recognition, statistical model, stem cell, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, surveillance capitalism, tech worker, TechCrunch disrupt, The Future of Employment, TikTok, Turing test, universal basic income, Wall-E, warehouse automation, women in the workforce, work culture , you are the product

Even earlier, Mozilla began a project to accelerate the collection of languages for artificial intelligence purposes from all over the world, with a focus on including more accents and languages and increasing accuracy, regardless of gender or age. Mozilla created the Common Voice data set as part of this effort, which by 2021 had recorded over 9,000 hours of voice data in sixty languages.24 Much like Wikipedia, the project is crowdsourced and open-source. People are free to use the program, and contributors around the world can add their voices, enabling the open-source data set to grow through collective effort. I contributed my voice, reading out five sentences prompted on the site, the first one being, “Shakhter Karagandy will also play in the Kazakhstan Cup and the Europa Conference League.”

A People's History of Poverty in America by Stephen Pimpare

affirmative action, British Empire, car-free, clean water, cognitive dissonance, Columbine, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, deindustrialization, delayed gratification, dumpster diving, East Village, Frederick Winslow Taylor, George Gilder, green new deal, hedonic treadmill, hiring and firing, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, impulse control, income inequality, index card, it's over 9,000, Jane Jacobs, low skilled workers, Mahatma Gandhi, mass incarceration, meta-analysis, moral panic, Naomi Klein, New Urbanism, payday loans, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, San Francisco homelessness, subprime mortgage crisis, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, union organizing, urban renewal, W. E. B. Du Bois, War on Poverty, white flight, working poor, Works Progress Administration

The society met with success in getting a few poor prisoners released each year. They would go on to found a small health clinic (1790), a free soup house (1802), and delivered food during the yellow fever epidemic of 1803, but their emphasis was on imprisoned debtors, where they counted their successes by the quarts of soup provided (over 9,000 in 1806 to 183 debtors and 21,000 quarts in 1811 to 536—not quite a quart a day to the confined). To quote Mike Millius again, it was “not enough to live on, but a little too much to die.” The society only turned its attention away after 1817, when the city abolished imprisonment for debts under $25 (they would not entirely eliminate debtor’s prison until 1831), thus freeing most of the poor, when it sent its soup more widely into the city, and thereafter broadened its purview to other efforts at reform, from “the liquor problem,” to cleaning chimneys, to resuscitating drowning victims. 67 Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, A Midwife’s Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary, 1785–1812 (New York: Knopf, 1990), 267.

Gusher of Lies: The Dangerous Delusions of Energy Independence by Robert Bryce

addicted to oil, An Inconvenient Truth, Berlin Wall, carbon tax, Charles Lindbergh, Colonization of Mars, congestion pricing, decarbonisation, en.wikipedia.org, energy security, energy transition, financial independence, flex fuel, Ford Model T, hydrogen economy, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it's over 9,000, Jevons paradox, John Markoff, Just-in-time delivery, low earth orbit, low interest rates, Michael Shellenberger, Nelson Mandela, new economy, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, oil-for-food scandal, peak oil, price stability, Project for a New American Century, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, SpaceShipOne, Stewart Brand, Suez crisis 1956, Thomas L Friedman, Whole Earth Catalog, X Prize, Yom Kippur War

The only sure relief will come through improved fuel efficiency.”5 The Times’s editorial board may be convinced, but there’s precious little evidence to prove that fact. History shows that as the U.S. economy has grown more energy-efficient, energy consumption has continued climbing. In 1980, the U.S. was using about 15,000 Btus per dollar of GDP. By 2004, the energy intensity of the U.S. economy had improved dramatically so that just over 9,000 Btus were required for each dollar of GDP.6 The EIA expects those efficiency gains to con- The Impossibility of Independence 139 Figure 7 Energy Intensity of the U.S. Economy, 1950–2010 The line on the top left shows that the amount of energy needed to produce goods and services has been on a steady downward trend.

The Art of SQL by Stephane Faroult, Peter Robson

business intelligence, business logic, business process, constrained optimization, continuation of politics by other means, database schema, full text search, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, leftpad, SQL injection, technological determinism

Now I shall present an example demonstrating the dangers of hiding SQL code away inside a user-written function. Consider a table flights that describes commercial flights, with columns for flight number, departure time, arrival time, and the usual three-letter IATA[*] codes for airports. The translation of those codes (over 9,000 of them) is stored in a reference table that contains the name of the city (or of the particular airport when there are several located in one city), and of course the name of the country, and so on. Quite obviously any display of flight information should include the name of the destination city airport rather than the rather austere IATA code.

Extreme Economies: Survival, Failure, Future – Lessons From the World’s Limits by Richard Davies

Abraham Maslow, agricultural Revolution, air freight, Anton Chekhov, artificial general intelligence, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, big-box store, cashless society, clean water, complexity theory, deindustrialization, digital divide, eurozone crisis, failed state, financial innovation, Ford Model T, Garrett Hardin, gentleman farmer, Global Witness, government statistician, illegal immigration, income inequality, informal economy, it's over 9,000, James Hargreaves, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, joint-stock company, large denomination, Livingstone, I presume, Malacca Straits, mandatory minimum, manufacturing employment, means of production, megacity, meta-analysis, new economy, off grid, oil shale / tar sands, pension reform, profit motive, randomized controlled trial, rolling blackouts, school choice, school vouchers, Scramble for Africa, side project, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, Skype, spinning jenny, subscription business, The Chicago School, the payments system, trade route, Tragedy of the Commons, Travis Kalanick, uranium enrichment, urban planning, wealth creators, white picket fence, working-age population, Y Combinator, young professional

Shoppers options widened: quotas on goods like cigarettes and chickens were abolished and Chile opened its doors to trade, cutting import taxes from 90 per cent to 10 per cent so that products from the US, Germany and Japan suddenly became affordable. (Imports of cameras duly jumped by 200 per cent, radios by 870 per cent and televisions by over 9,000 per cent.) Growth was much worse than expected though: the economy expanded by a little under 3 per cent, better than under Allende but behind the country’s long-run average. The first decade of Chicago-school economics was capped by an acute slump: when a financial crisis swept Latin America in 1982 it was Chile, run by these superstar economists, that fared worst.

No Slack: The Financial Lives of Low-Income Americans by Michael S. Barr

active measures, asset allocation, Bayesian statistics, behavioural economics, business cycle, Cass Sunstein, cognitive load, conceptual framework, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, financial exclusion, financial innovation, Home mortgage interest deduction, income inequality, information asymmetry, it's over 9,000, labor-force participation, late fees, London Interbank Offered Rate, loss aversion, low interest rates, machine readable, market friction, mental accounting, Milgram experiment, mobile money, money market fund, mortgage debt, mortgage tax deduction, New Urbanism, p-value, payday loans, race to the bottom, regulatory arbitrage, Richard Thaler, risk tolerance, Robert Shiller, search costs, subprime mortgage crisis, the payments system, transaction costs, unbanked and underbanked, underbanked

Demographic Characteristics of Sample, by Bankruptcy Filing a (continued ) Percent unless otherwise noted Characteristic Mean household annual income (dollars) Median household annual income (dollars) Living below poverty lineb Sample size All Ever declared Declared but not recently Declared in last twelve months Never declared 28,435 (2,118) 34,023 (3,457) 36,341 (4,441) 27,124 (3,753) 27,358 (1,136) 20,000 28,000 27,064 30,000 18,000 33.2 (2.4) 938 25.0 (3.7) 141 24.6 (4.3) 105 26.2 (7.2) 37 34.7 (1.7) 794 Source: Detroit Area Household Financial Services study. a. Standard errors are in parentheses. b. Poverty guidelines come from the Department of Health and Human Services (http://aspe.hhs.gov/ poverty/04poverty.shtml). $855, monthly household income is $1,250 less, and annual household income is a little over $9,000 less. Median annual household income is $15,000 among those who would benefit, $5,000 less than the median among those who would not. Poverty rates, however, are roughly the same in both groups. Assets and Debts Overall, respondent households have low assets relative to average American households (see table 8-3).

Dr. Johnson's London: Coffee-Houses and Climbing Boys, Medicine, Toothpaste and Gin, Poverty and Press-Gangs, Freakshows and Female Education by Liza Picard

A. Roger Ekirch, clean water, double entry bookkeeping, housing justice, it's over 9,000, joint-stock company, New Urbanism, plutocrats, South Sea Bubble

Henry Fielding, in his Enquiry into the Causes of the Late Increase of Robbery, published in 1751, deplored the remissness with which [the previous legislation] had been executed … that poison called gin is the principal sustenance (if so it may be called) of more than 100,000 People in this metropolis … the intoxicating Draught itself disqualifies them from using any honest means to acquire it, at the same time that it removes all sense of fear and shame and emboldens them to commit every wicked and dangerous Enterprise … Should the drinking this poison be continued at its present height during the next twenty years there will by that time be very few of the common people left to drink it. By now it was everywhere. It was made and sold – illegally – in prisons and workhouses and hospitals. Weavers sold it in Spitalfields, and parish nurses gave it to the pauper children in their care to keep them quiet, which it did, permanently. Over 9,000 children died of gin, in 1751. The rich even began to worry about the knock-on effect on themselves. As The Ladies’ Magazine of July 1750 put it, ‘an immoderate use of strong liquors imbecillitates2 the human body … the preservation of the industrious labourer depends on his not drinking spirituous liquors: on his preservation, that of the Middling people, and on them the support of the wealthy’.

Stocks for the Long Run, 4th Edition: The Definitive Guide to Financial Market Returns & Long Term Investment Strategies by Jeremy J. Siegel

addicted to oil, Alan Greenspan, asset allocation, backtesting, behavioural economics, Black-Scholes formula, book value, Bretton Woods, business cycle, buy and hold, buy low sell high, California gold rush, capital asset pricing model, cognitive dissonance, compound rate of return, correlation coefficient, currency risk, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, diversification, diversified portfolio, dividend-yielding stocks, dogs of the Dow, equity premium, equity risk premium, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, Everybody Ought to Be Rich, fixed income, German hyperinflation, implied volatility, index arbitrage, index fund, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, John Bogle, joint-stock company, Long Term Capital Management, loss aversion, machine readable, market bubble, mental accounting, Money creation, Myron Scholes, new economy, oil shock, passive investing, Paul Samuelson, popular capitalism, prediction markets, price anchoring, price stability, proprietary trading, purchasing power parity, random walk, Richard Thaler, risk free rate, risk tolerance, risk/return, Robert Shiller, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, short selling, South Sea Bubble, stock buybacks, stocks for the long run, subprime mortgage crisis, survivorship bias, technology bubble, The Great Moderation, The Wisdom of Crowds, transaction costs, tulip mania, uptick rule, Vanguard fund, vertical integration

From the intraday high of 11,750 reached on January 14, 2000, through the October 10, 2002, low, the Dow Industrials fell nearly 39 percent, a CHAPTER 13 When World Events Impact Financial Markets 235 decline far less than the S&P 500 Index that was bloated by overpriced technology stocks. The market subsequently rallied to over 9,000, but anxiety about a second U.S. operation in Iraq sent the stock back down to 7,524 five months later on March 11, 2003, just days before the invasion. But as it responded 12 years earlier when the Gulf War started, the market rallied on news of the invasion and continued to rise despite the growing insurgency in Iraq that made the war particularly unpopular.

To the Ends of the Earth: Scotland's Global Diaspora, 1750-2010 by T M Devine

agricultural Revolution, British Empire, classic study, deindustrialization, deskilling, full employment, ghettoisation, Great Leap Forward, housing crisis, invention of the telegraph, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, joint-stock company, Khartoum Gordon, land tenure, Lewis Mumford, manufacturing employment, mass immigration, new economy, New Urbanism, oil shale / tar sands, railway mania, Red Clydeside, rising living standards, Robert Gordon, Scramble for Africa, Suez canal 1869, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, transcontinental railway, women in the workforce

American consumers became increasingly sophisticated purchasers as their material standards rose in the wake of expanding markets in Europe for colonial sugar, tobacco, timber, cotton, rice and indigo. Some sense of the new consumerism comes from the New York press. In the 1720s merchants there described only fifteen different manufactured goods in newspaper articles. By the 1770s they were selling over 9,000 different imported items, many of which had highly specific descriptions. Expanding custom in the tobacco colonies, therefore, increasingly meant that Scottish factors and storekeepers had to offer the widest possible range of goods to satisfy the new demands. That in turn meant that their Glasgow principals had to create secure lines of supply not just for tobacco but for the vast array of consumer goods needed across the Atlantic.

A Colossal Failure of Common Sense: The Inside Story of the Collapse of Lehman Brothers by Lawrence G. Mcdonald, Patrick Robinson

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Alan Greenspan, AOL-Time Warner, asset-backed security, bank run, Bear Stearns, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, book value, business cycle, Carl Icahn, collateralized debt obligation, corporate raider, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, cuban missile crisis, diversification, fixed income, Glass-Steagall Act, high net worth, hiring and firing, if you build it, they will come, it's over 9,000, junk bonds, London Interbank Offered Rate, Long Term Capital Management, margin call, money market fund, moral hazard, mortgage debt, naked short selling, negative equity, new economy, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, short selling, sovereign wealth fund, value at risk

It offers a diatribe of definitions and similes—unethical, amoral, immoral, unprincipled, indefensible, unforgivable, wrong, unscrupulous, underhanded, dishonorable, excessive, unreasonable, unwarranted, uncalled for, unfair, inordinate, immoderate, undue, inexcusable, unnecessary. Dick and Joe lived like a couple of potentates, and for them the occasional $40 million was very necessary. Fuld lived in an enormous Greenwich mansion, over 9,000 square feet, valued at $10 million. He had four other homes, including a mansion on Jupiter Island, one of Florida’s garrisons of the big muckety-mucks in Hobe Sound, thirty miles north of Palm Beach. Dick picked it up five years previously for $13.75 million. He also owned a vast $21 million Park Avenue apartment with three wood-burning fireplaces, and a spectacular ski chalet near Sun Valley, Idaho.

Stocks for the Long Run 5/E: the Definitive Guide to Financial Market Returns & Long-Term Investment Strategies by Jeremy Siegel

Alan Greenspan, AOL-Time Warner, Asian financial crisis, asset allocation, backtesting, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Black-Scholes formula, book value, break the buck, Bretton Woods, business cycle, buy and hold, buy low sell high, California gold rush, capital asset pricing model, carried interest, central bank independence, cognitive dissonance, compound rate of return, computer age, computerized trading, corporate governance, correlation coefficient, Credit Default Swap, currency risk, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, Deng Xiaoping, discounted cash flows, diversification, diversified portfolio, dividend-yielding stocks, dogs of the Dow, equity premium, equity risk premium, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, eurozone crisis, Everybody Ought to Be Rich, Financial Instability Hypothesis, fixed income, Flash crash, forward guidance, fundamental attribution error, Glass-Steagall Act, housing crisis, Hyman Minsky, implied volatility, income inequality, index arbitrage, index fund, indoor plumbing, inflation targeting, invention of the printing press, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, John Bogle, joint-stock company, London Interbank Offered Rate, Long Term Capital Management, loss aversion, machine readable, market bubble, mental accounting, Minsky moment, Money creation, money market fund, mortgage debt, Myron Scholes, new economy, Northern Rock, oil shock, passive investing, Paul Samuelson, Peter Thiel, Ponzi scheme, prediction markets, price anchoring, price stability, proprietary trading, purchasing power parity, quantitative easing, random walk, Richard Thaler, risk free rate, risk tolerance, risk/return, Robert Gordon, Robert Shiller, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, short selling, Silicon Valley, South Sea Bubble, sovereign wealth fund, stocks for the long run, survivorship bias, technology bubble, The Great Moderation, the payments system, The Wisdom of Crowds, transaction costs, tulip mania, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, uptick rule, Vanguard fund

A sluggish economy, combined with the accounting scandals of Enron, WorldCom, and others, sent stocks into another dive that didn’t end until October 10, 2002, when the Dow hit an intraday low of 7,197. From the intraday high of 11,750 reached on January 14, 2000, through the low of October 10, 2002, the Dow Industrials fell nearly 39 percent, a decline far less than the S&P 500 Index that was bloated by overpriced technology stocks. The market subsequently rallied to over 9,000, but anxiety about a second U.S. operation in Iraq sent stocks back down to 7,524 five months later on March 11, 2003, just days before the invasion. But as it responded 12 years earlier when the Gulf War started, the market rallied on news of the invasion and continued to rise despite the growing insurgency in Iraq that made the war particularly unpopular.

Air Crashes and Miracle Landings: 60 Narratives by Christopher Bartlett

Air France Flight 447, air traffic controllers' union, Airbus A320, airport security, Boeing 747, Captain Sullenberger Hudson, Charles Lindbergh, crew resource management, en.wikipedia.org, flag carrier, illegal immigration, it's over 9,000, Maui Hawaii, profit motive, sensible shoes, special drawing rights, Tenerife airport disaster, US Airways Flight 1549, William Langewiesche

[23:58] Lima ATC: Speed of 220 over the ground, speed reducing slightly. [24:05] Captain: Shit! We will stall now… [24:07] Mechanical voice alert: SINK RATE! SINK RATE! SINK RATE! SINK RATE! [Sink rate alarm also sounds] They managed to avoid stalling and climbed with the barometric altimeters showing over 9,000 ft. They thought they had leveled out at Flight Level 100 (10,000 ft). The flight data recorder (FDR) later showed that (according to the radio-altimeter) they had only climbed to 2,400 ft then re-descended to 1,300 ft and had finally gone no higher than 4,000 ft. Meanwhile, by noting their different locations with his radar that could independently determine distance and direction (but not height) the air traffic controller had calculated their groundspeed to be 200 knots when the pilots’ instruments were showing their airspeed to be 370 knots.

An Empire of Wealth: Rise of American Economy Power 1607-2000 by John Steele Gordon

accounting loophole / creative accounting, Alan Greenspan, bank run, banking crisis, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business cycle, buttonwood tree, California gold rush, Charles Babbage, clean water, collective bargaining, Corn Laws, Cornelius Vanderbilt, corporate governance, cotton gin, cuban missile crisis, disintermediation, double entry bookkeeping, failed state, Fairchild Semiconductor, financial independence, flying shuttle, Ford Model T, Frederick Winslow Taylor, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, global village, Ida Tarbell, imperial preference, industrial research laboratory, informal economy, interchangeable parts, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, Jacquard loom, James Hargreaves, James Watt: steam engine, joint-stock company, joint-stock limited liability company, junk bonds, lone genius, Louis Pasteur, low interest rates, margin call, Marshall McLuhan, means of production, megaproject, Menlo Park, Mikhail Gorbachev, Money creation, money market fund, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, moral hazard, new economy, New Urbanism, postindustrial economy, price mechanism, Ralph Waldo Emerson, RAND corporation, rent control, rent-seeking, reserve currency, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, spinning jenny, Suez canal 1869, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, three-masted sailing ship, trade route, transaction costs, transcontinental railway, undersea cable, vertical integration, Yom Kippur War

The minting of gold coins by the federal government increased, as did the issuance of banknotes based on gold reserves. Because the country had no central bank, there was no mechanism to regulate the money supply or to use monetary policy to control what Alan Greenspan would famously call “irrational exuberance.” The result was a huge, but unsustainable, boom. There was just over 9,000 miles of railroad trackage in the United States in 1850, but a decade later there was 30,626. Pig iron production soared from 63,000 tons in 1850 to 883,000 tons a mere six years later. Increasingly, the iron ore came from the Marquette Iron Range in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, the first of the iron ore deposits found around Lake Superior that would prove in the next half century to be the largest and richest in the world.

War and Gold: A Five-Hundred-Year History of Empires, Adventures, and Debt by Kwasi Kwarteng

accounting loophole / creative accounting, Alan Greenspan, anti-communist, Asian financial crisis, asset-backed security, Atahualpa, balance sheet recession, bank run, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business cycle, California gold rush, capital controls, Carmen Reinhart, central bank independence, centre right, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collateralized debt obligation, credit crunch, currency manipulation / currency intervention, Deng Xiaoping, discovery of the americas, Etonian, eurozone crisis, fiat currency, financial engineering, financial innovation, fixed income, floating exchange rates, foreign exchange controls, Francisco Pizarro, full employment, German hyperinflation, Glass-Steagall Act, guns versus butter model, hiring and firing, income inequality, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, joint-stock company, joint-stock limited liability company, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Rogoff, labour market flexibility, land bank, liberal capitalism, low interest rates, market bubble, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, moral hazard, new economy, Nixon triggered the end of the Bretton Woods system, oil shock, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, price mechanism, quantitative easing, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, South Sea Bubble, subprime mortgage crisis, Suez canal 1869, The inhabitant of London could order by telephone, sipping his morning tea in bed, the various products of the whole earth, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, too big to fail, War on Poverty, Yom Kippur War

The United States’ position as the leading repository of gold ensured that, if gold was still to play a role in the international monetary system, the US dollar would be the chain binding international currencies to the precious metal. The outbreak of war in 1939 had once again, as in the summer of 1914, led to an inflow of gold to the US Treasury. Moreover, the total inflow from January 1934 to August 1939, even before the war had started in Europe, was over $9,000 million. ‘Is it probable that the United States will come into possession of virtually the entire world stock of monetary gold . . .?’ asked a British economist in 1940, when he estimated that the US owned two-thirds of the world’s gold. The once famous Fort Knox became an international symbol of American power when a gold depository was built adjacent to the military fort in 1936.

The Old Patagonian Express by Paul Theroux

anti-communist, Atahualpa, company town, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, Francisco Pizarro, it's over 9,000, Khyber Pass, Mahatma Gandhi, Maui Hawaii, place-making, Ralph Waldo Emerson, transcontinental railway

'God be with you.' 15 THE AUTOFERRO TO GUAYAQUIL In Central America and Colombia I had met a number of people, who were travelling north, who told me of the excitements of the Guayaquil and Quito Railway - the 'G and Q', or 'the Good and Quick', as it is known to those who have not ridden on it. It had taken thirty-seven years to build (it was finished in Paul Theroux The Old Patagonian Express, By Train Through the Americas Page 137 1908), although it was less than 300 miles long. From an altitude of over 9,000 feet at Quito, the Auto ferro - a converted bus welded to a railway undercarriage - rises another 3,000 feet at Urbina and then drops down a series of confined switchbacks and loops (the Devil's Nose double zig-zag! the Alausi Loop!) to sea-level at the steamy southern port of Guayaquil. I had no difficulty getting information about it; the station was nearby, service was frequent and a ticket cost no more than a few dollars.

Into the Black: The Extraordinary Untold Story of the First Flight of the Space Shuttle Columbia and the Astronauts Who Flew Her by Rowland White, Richard Truly

Albert Einstein, Apollo 11, Apollo 13, Apollo Guidance Computer, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, Boeing 747, Charles Lindbergh, cuban missile crisis, Easter island, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Gene Kranz, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, John von Neumann, low earth orbit, Maui Hawaii, Mercator projection, Neil Armstrong, orbital mechanics / astrodynamics, Ronald Reagan, Strategic Defense Initiative, William Langewiesche

From their own position, cruising 16 miles south of the orbiter’s descent, there would be a window of just sixteen seconds between the moment the IRIS tracker could lock onto the Shuttle at a range of 50 miles and the point at which Columbia passed out of the heat-seeking telescope’s field of view. After two and a half days in space and a hypersonic descent from orbit, the maximum allowable cross-track error was just 2 miles, while the difference in speed between the two flying machines would be over 9,000 mph. Bark’s last update on Columbia’s predicted trajectory would come ten minutes before the entry interface, the point 400,000 feet over the western Pacific where she began meeting resistance from the upper atmosphere. Her encounter with the airborne observatory would take place nearly twenty minutes after that.

London: The Autobiography by Jon E. Lewis

affirmative action, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Brixton riot, it's over 9,000, John Snow's cholera map, Leo Hollis, side project, strikebreaker, Winter of Discontent

The culmination of the Blitz came on the night of 29 December 1940, when the bull’s eye was the City of London. It was as if the Great Fire had been rekindled: flames reached from Aldersgate to Cannon Street. Nineteen churches and 31 guild halls were destroyed. The roll of dead Londoners now reached over 9,000. However, although no one yet knew it, the worst of the Blitz was over. London had taken it. For four years after the Blitz Hitler left London in comparative peace. But he had not quite finished with the capital. On 12 June 1944 a V1 flying bomb, launched from a site near Dunkirk, landed on Bethnall Green, where its one-ton warhead killed six people.

The Origins of the British by Stephen Oppenheimer

active measures, agricultural Revolution, British Empire, Eratosthenes, gravity well, Gregor Mendel, it's over 9,000, mass immigration, Neolithic agricultural revolution, out of africa, phenotype, Recombinant DNA, the scientific method, trade route

The quality and richness of grave goods, from small personal ornaments to elaborately carved antlers and the use of ochre, could indicate variation in status, but their presence all along the coast also suggests common belief systems spread over the whole region.8 One intriguing, presumably coincidental echo of the Pacific coast of British Columbia was found at Stonehenge during an excavation to extend the car park there. A set of post-holes, dating to over 9,000 years ago, had previously held three very large pine trunks each nearly a metre in diameter. They predate the famous stone circles by some millennia: These three timbers (and there may be more) represent the first truly monumental structure of the Mesolithic period known to us. What form they took (carved totem poles perhaps?)

A History of France by John Julius Norwich

centre right, German hyperinflation, Henri Poincaré, Honoré de Balzac, it's over 9,000, Monroe Doctrine, Peace of Westphalia, power law, Suez canal 1869

He had taken part in the very first Austrian campaigns against Napoleon more than half a century before, and had been chief of staff at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813. He had fought in seventeen campaigns, had been wounded seven times and had had nine horses shot from under him. * Not so bloodless in the provinces, alas, where there were peasant risings in the south and south-east, as a result of which over 9,000 were deported to Algeria and 239 to French Guiana. Some 27,000 alleged protesters were arrested and tried. In 1859, when an amnesty was at last declared, 1,800 were still serving their sentences. Louis-Napoleon never forgave himself for such pitiless repression. 18 A Sphinx without a Riddle 1852–70 The Empire is peace … I wish to draw into the stream of the great popular river those hostile side-currents which lost themselves without profit to anyone.

Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World by Mark Pendergrast

business climate, business cycle, commoditize, Edward Lloyd's coffeehouse, Honoré de Balzac, it's over 9,000, land reform, microcredit, Mikhail Gorbachev, new economy, open economy, out of africa, profit motive, Ray Oldenburg, Ronald Reagan, Suez canal 1869, The Great Good Place, trade route, transcontinental railway, traveling salesman, vertical integration, women in the workforce

Melikian, two army mechanical engineers, introduced the Kwik Kafe vending machine that dispensed hot instant coffee into a paper cup in five seconds. Rudd Melikian Inc. sold three hundred machines the first year. Other companies soon went into competition with them. By the end of 1951 there were over 9,000 coffee vending machines in the United States, and by the middle of the decade over 60,000. Invention of the Coffee Break The vending machine helped institutionalize that most venerated American tradition, the coffee break. The phrase was the 1952 invention of the Pan American Coffee Bureau.

GCHQ by Richard Aldrich

belly landing, Berlin Wall, Bletchley Park, British Empire, Charles Babbage, colonial exploitation, cuban missile crisis, disinformation, friendly fire, illegal immigration, index card, it's over 9,000, lateral thinking, machine translation, Menlo Park, Mikhail Gorbachev, Neil Kinnock, New Journalism, operational security, packet switching, private military company, Robert Hanssen: Double agent, Ronald Reagan, Seymour Hersh, social intelligence, South China Sea, Suez crisis 1956, undersea cable, unit 8200, University of East Anglia, Yom Kippur War, Zimmermann PGP

Grossly overloaded, she set sail around midnight.24 A week later the Dakar arrived safely at Gibraltar, then set out across the Mediterranean. Her last reported position was somewhere east of Crete on 24 January. Nothing more was heard of her. Her wreck was finally discovered in 1999, south-west of Cyprus, at a depth of over nine thousand feet. She was found by the Nauticus Corporation, the same salvage team that located the Titanic. Something had caused the submarine to dive below her maximum pressure depth, and she had suffered a catastrophic implosion of her hull. The Israelis salvaged the conning tower, which is now on display at Israel’s Naval Museum in Haifa.

The Rough Guide to New York City by Rough Guides

3D printing, Airbnb, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, bike sharing, Blue Bottle Coffee, Bonfire of the Vanities, Broken windows theory, Buckminster Fuller, buttonwood tree, car-free, centre right, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, clean water, collateralized debt obligation, colonial rule, congestion pricing, Cornelius Vanderbilt, crack epidemic, David Sedaris, Donald Trump, Downton Abbey, East Village, Edward Thorp, Elisha Otis, Exxon Valdez, Frank Gehry, General Motors Futurama, gentrification, glass ceiling, greed is good, haute couture, haute cuisine, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, index fund, it's over 9,000, Jane Jacobs, junk bonds, Kickstarter, Lewis Mumford, Lyft, machine readable, Nelson Mandela, Norman Mailer, paper trading, Ponzi scheme, post-work, pre–internet, rent stabilization, ride hailing / ride sharing, Saturday Night Live, Scaled Composites, starchitect, subprime mortgage crisis, sustainable-tourism, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the High Line, transcontinental railway, Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, uber lyft, upwardly mobile, urban decay, urban planning, urban renewal, white flight, Works Progress Administration, Yogi Berra, young professional

This spooky East Village classic specializes in antiques, rare taxidermy and strange, freaky artefacts – owners Mike Zohn and Evan Michelson even have a show on the Discovery Channel (Oddities). Daily noon–8pm. Posteritati 239 Centre St, between Broome and Grand sts 212 226 2207, posteritati.com; subway #6 to Spring St; map. Over nine thousand movie posters, ranging from classics like 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea and Goldfinger to modern blockbusters like Avatar. Tues–Sat 11am–7pm. Toy Tokyo Shop 91 Second Ave, between E 5th and E 6th sts 212 673 5424, toytokyo.com; subway #6 to Astor Place; map. Dizzying ensemble of Asian toys and cult memorabilia, mostly from Japan: action figures, vintage robots, roto-plastic figures and wind-ups.

The Power Elite by C. Wright Mills, Alan Wolfe

affirmative action, Albert Einstein, American ideology, anti-communist, Asilomar, collective bargaining, Cornelius Vanderbilt, creative destruction, cuban missile crisis, desegregation, full employment, Ida Tarbell, it's over 9,000, Joseph Schumpeter, long peace, means of production, military-industrial complex, Monroe Doctrine, one-China policy, plutocrats, pneumatic tube, profit motive, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ronald Reagan, Simon Kuznets, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thorstein Veblen, Vilfredo Pareto

And in a society that values money as the foremost gauge of caliber, no truly independent Civil Service can be built—either from upper or middle-class recruits, if it does not provide compensation comparable to that provided by private employment. Pensions and security of job do not make up for the lower pay of civil servants, for private executives, as we have seen, now have such privileges and many more as well. The top civil-service salary in 1954 was only $14,800, and only 1 per cent of all the federal employees earned over $9,000 a year.19 The historical check upon the development of an administrative bureaucracy in the United States has been the patronage system of the parties, which as machines use jobs for pay-offs, thus making impossible office discipline and recruitment on the basis of expert qualification. In addition, since government regulation of business has become important, a government job has become important as one link in a business or legal career in the private corporate world.

Hunting in the Shadows: The Pursuit of Al Qa'ida Since 9/11: The Pursuit of Al Qa'ida Since 9/11 by Seth G. Jones

airport security, battle of ideas, defense in depth, drone strike, Google Earth, index card, it's over 9,000, Khyber Pass, medical residency, Murray Gell-Mann, operational security, RAND corporation, Saturday Night Live, Silicon Valley, Timothy McVeigh, trade route, WikiLeaks

He had also shown the presentation to several Tehreek-e Taliban Pakistan leaders, including explosives trainer Qari Hussein.39 When he left Pakistan, he had little money. So he turned to Tehreek-e Taliban Pakistan for help. “I asked them for some cash,” he said. “My cash was like $4,500 that I had with me when I was leaving, and I asked for some more cash because I had to do the whole operation here, so they gave me initially $4,900 something.”40 With over $9,000 in cash, a bomb-making manual in Urdu that he could barely read, his notes in English, and blind determination, Shahzad began to put together the bomb.41 But unlike Najibullah Zazi, the 2005 London bombers, and the 2006 UK transatlantic plotters, he did not rent or purchase a separate location to build the bomb.

Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West by William Cronon

active transport: walking or cycling, book value, British Empire, business cycle, City Beautiful movement, classic study, conceptual framework, credit crunch, gentleman farmer, it's over 9,000, Lewis Mumford, machine readable, New Urbanism, Ralph Waldo Emerson, refrigerator car, Robert Gordon, short selling, The Chicago School, Thorstein Veblen, trade route, transaction costs, transcontinental railway, traveling salesman, Upton Sinclair, vertical integration, zero-sum game

Furthermore, Chicago’s other wholesale markets sold food and provisions in bulk at some of the lowest prices in the region, so lumber ships could bring back supplies rather than return to their home ports empty. All arguments pointed to Chicago as the best destination for most lumber shipments. As a result, lumber vessels accounted for most of the ships that visited Chicago’s harbor: of the nearly thirteen thousand arrivals there in 1872, over nine thousand carried lumber.89 One visitor to Chicago recorded that on a single day in 1867, “a favorable wind blew into port two hundred and eighteen vessels loaded with timber.”90 The Northwestern Lumberman was not exaggerating in 1879 when it remarked, “It may almost be said that the few hundred feet of dock at the head of Franklin street is the center around which the vast industry represented in the handling of lumber revolves.” 91 Lumber arriving at the cargo market came from all around the shores of Lake Michigan; some even came from as far away as the Canadian and Michigan ports on Lake Huron.

Big Debt Crises by Ray Dalio

Alan Greenspan, Asian financial crisis, asset-backed security, bank run, banking crisis, basic income, Bear Stearns, Ben Bernanke: helicopter money, break the buck, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business cycle, buy the rumour, sell the news, capital controls, central bank independence, collateralized debt obligation, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, currency manipulation / currency intervention, currency peg, currency risk, declining real wages, equity risk premium, European colonialism, fiat currency, financial engineering, financial innovation, foreign exchange controls, German hyperinflation, global macro, housing crisis, implied volatility, intangible asset, it's over 9,000, junk bonds, Kickstarter, land bank, large denomination, low interest rates, manufacturing employment, margin call, market bubble, market fundamentalism, military-industrial complex, Money creation, money market fund, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, moral hazard, mortgage debt, Northern Rock, Ponzi scheme, price stability, private sector deleveraging, purchasing power parity, pushing on a string, quantitative easing, refrigerator car, reserve currency, risk free rate, Savings and loan crisis, short selling, short squeeze, sovereign wealth fund, subprime mortgage crisis, too big to fail, transaction costs, universal basic income, uptick rule, value at risk, yield curve

-US Treasury Press Release June 24, 2009 SEC Proposes Rule Amendments to Strengthen Regulatory Framework for Money Market Funds -SEC Press Release July 2, 2009 Joblessness Hits 9.5%, Deflating Recovery Hopes “The American economy lost 467,000 more jobs in June, and the unemployment rate edged up to 9.5 percent in a sobering indication that the longest recession since the 1930s had yet to release its hold.” –New York Times July 8, 2009 I.M.F. Upgrades Outlook for Economy -New York Times July 16, 2009 New Jobless Claims Are Lowest Since January -New York Times July 16, 2009 Geithner Sees Evidence of a Financial Recovery -New York Times July 23, 2009 Dow Closes Over 9,000; First Time Since January -New York Times August 6, 2009 New Jobless Claims Fall, Beating Estimates “The government said Thursday that the number of newly laid-off workers seeking unemployment insurance fell last week...The Labor Department said that initial claims for jobless benefits dropped to a seasonally adjusted 550,000 for the week ending August 1, down from an upwardly revised figure of 588,000...That was much lower than analysts’ estimates of 580,000, according to a survey by Thomson Reuters.”

Atomic Accidents: A History of Nuclear Meltdowns and Disasters: From the Ozark Mountains to Fukushima by James Mahaffey

clean water, Dr. Strangelove, Ernest Rutherford, experimental economics, Ford Model T, Google Earth, Henry Ford's grandson gave labor union leader Walter Reuther a tour of the company’s new, automated factory…, it's over 9,000, loose coupling, Menlo Park, military-industrial complex, mutually assured destruction, off-the-grid, Richard Feynman, ROLM, Ronald Reagan, Saturday Night Live, Suez canal 1869, uranium enrichment, wage slave, wikimedia commons

The rear section of the bomb was slightly larger than the rotund body, containing four tightly packed parachutes.210 Four very stubby aluminum fins were bolted to the rear section, looking like an engineering afterthought. It was designed to drop nose-down, with the parachutes out the back slowing its fall. The “frangible” nose section, painted yellow, was made of crushable aluminum honeycomb, intended to ensure a soft landing before it detonated. It weighed over 9,000 pounds, and would explode with the force of 3.8 megatons. To put that in perspective, that is more explosive power than the sum of what has been detonated in every war in the history of the world, including the two A-bombs dropped on Japan in World War II. These bombs were sealed and ready to go, with no removable capsules as had been the saving grace in so many previous accidents.

Persian Gulf Command: A History of the Second World War in Iran and Iraq by Ashley Jackson

Bletchley Park, British Empire, Charles Lindbergh, colonial rule, fixed income, full employment, it's over 9,000, out of africa, power law, Suez crisis 1956, the built environment

Except for the Gladiators, wrote Air Vice-Marshal Smart, Habbaniya’s aircraft were either dedicated training machines or obsolete ones, and most of his pilots and aircrew were untrained in operational flying.8 Of great importance, No. 244 (Bomber) Squadron, equipped with Vickers Vincent general-purpose biplanes, was based at RAF Shaibah, reinforced during the crisis by a squadron of Wellington bombers sent from Egypt. Despite its defensive deficiencies, Habbaniya had no choice but to fight when on 30 April the Iraqi army units that had ‘streamed out of Baghdad arrived before dawn and took up commanding positions on the heights overlooking the air base’.9 Comprising over 9,000 troops, the Iraqi force busied itself constructing defences and gun emplacements on the plateau. Smart’s reconnaissance flights informed him that the force amounted to an infantry brigade and two mechanized battalions, the twelve 3.7 howitzers of a mechanized artillery brigade, the twelve 18-pounders and four 4.5-howitzers of a field artillery brigade, twelve armoured cars, one mechanized machine-gun company, a mechanized signals company and an anti-aircraft and anti-tank battery.10 Though the situation facing the defenders of Habbaniya was unenviable, it helped that the British were confident in their superiority.

Aftershocks: Pandemic Politics and the End of the Old International Order by Colin Kahl, Thomas Wright

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 2021 United States Capitol attack, banking crisis, Berlin Wall, biodiversity loss, Black Lives Matter, Boris Johnson, British Empire, Carmen Reinhart, centre right, Charles Lindbergh, circular economy, citizen journalism, clean water, collapse of Lehman Brothers, colonial rule, contact tracing, contact tracing app, coronavirus, COVID-19, creative destruction, cuban missile crisis, deglobalization, digital rights, disinformation, Donald Trump, drone strike, eurozone crisis, failed state, fake news, Fall of the Berlin Wall, fear of failure, future of work, George Floyd, German hyperinflation, Gini coefficient, global pandemic, global supply chain, global value chain, income inequality, industrial robot, informal economy, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, it's over 9,000, job automation, junk bonds, Kibera, lab leak, liberal world order, lockdown, low interest rates, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, megacity, mobile money, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, one-China policy, open borders, open economy, Paris climate accords, public intellectual, Ronald Reagan, social distancing, South China Sea, spice trade, statistical model, subprime mortgage crisis, W. E. B. Du Bois, World Values Survey, zoonotic diseases

Netanyahu admitted that the country reopened too rapidly, saying, “In retrospect, as part of the trial-and-error, it is possible to say that this last stage was too soon.” He contemplated a second national lockdown, but it was not instituted until late September. By that point, Israel had hit its peak caseload—over 9,000 new cases per day. Haaretz political analyst Anshel Pfeffer wrote in July: “Israel’s failure, at this point, is of a magnitude that seems to defy all its perceived advantages in dealing with the crisis.”66 If you want to understand why some countries led by nationalist leaders fared better than others, the contrast between the United Kingdom and Australia is particularly instructive.

Not a Good Day to Die: The Untold Story of Operation Anaconda by Sean Naylor

digital map, friendly fire, Iridium satellite, it's over 9,000, job satisfaction, old-boy network, operational security

AS Dagger’s planners and analysts pored over intel reports, maps, and satellite photos, they became increasingly familiar with the Shahikot, which had previously been to them just a vague area south of Gardez. There were in fact two Shahikot valleys—an Upper Shahikot Valley and a Lower Shahikot Valley. The two valleys ran parallel on a line south southwest to north northeast, separated by a mountainous ridgeline over 9,000 feet high. The Upper Shahikot Valley, which lay to the east, was aptly named. It had a higher elevation, and the valley floor appeared on maps as a thin ribbon of land no more than a couple of hundred meters wide, hemmed in by craggy mountain peaks. No one appeared to live there. But the Lower Shahikot Valley—soon known as the Shahikot—was a different proposition.

A Fiery Peace in a Cold War: Bernard Schriever and the Ultimate Weapon by Neil Sheehan

Albert Einstein, anti-communist, Berlin Wall, Boeing 747, Bretton Woods, British Empire, Charles Lindbergh, cuban missile crisis, disinformation, double helix, Dr. Strangelove, European colonialism, it's over 9,000, John von Neumann, Menlo Park, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, mutually assured destruction, Neil Armstrong, Norman Macrae, nuclear winter, operation paperclip, RAND corporation, Ronald Reagan, social contagion, undersea cable, uranium enrichment

They had “demonstrated capability as the best qualified group of ballistic missile engineers outside the Soviet Union, if not in the world,” he was to boast. They represented, along with the American scientists and technicians who had worked under them in the 200-mile-range Redstone missile program at the Arsenal, “over 9,000 man-years experience in guided missiles and rockets.” Their leader, Dr. Wernher von Braun, was a man of renown in the 1950s, regarded as the father of the V-2 (although the missile had, in fact, a number of fathers) and thus the leading rocket scientist of the day. Given his past, he naturally had his detractors.

The Victorian City: Everyday Life in Dickens' London by Judith Flanders

anti-work, antiwork, centre right, Corn Laws, Dutch auction, it's over 9,000, John Snow's cholera map, Ralph Waldo Emerson, traveling salesman, urban sprawl, working poor

The Westminster Medical Society continued to ‘vehemently contest’ the diagnoses, even as by 1832 the first cases reached London, spreading along the river, from St Anne, Limehouse, to Rotherhithe, Whitechapel, with its dock workers and sailors, then away from the Thames’ path, to Clerkenwell and the City, to Marylebone, St Pancras, St Giles and Bermondsey. In four months there were over 9,000 cases, of which 4,266 ended in death. By December 11,020 cases in London had been diagnosed in the previous six months and 5,275 died.73 The poor, as always, suffered most. In the epidemics of 1832, of 1848–9 and 1853–4, the districts south of the river, consistently poorer than those to the north, were worst affected.

Whiteshift: Populism, Immigration and the Future of White Majorities by Eric Kaufmann

4chan, Abraham Maslow, affirmative action, Amazon Mechanical Turk, anti-communist, anti-globalists, augmented reality, battle of ideas, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Boris Johnson, Brexit referendum, British Empire, centre right, Chelsea Manning, cognitive dissonance, complexity theory, corporate governance, correlation does not imply causation, critical race theory, crowdsourcing, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, data science, David Brooks, deindustrialization, demographic transition, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, facts on the ground, failed state, fake news, Fall of the Berlin Wall, first-past-the-post, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, gentrification, Great Leap Forward, Haight Ashbury, Herbert Marcuse, illegal immigration, immigration reform, imperial preference, income inequality, it's over 9,000, Jeremy Corbyn, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, liberal capitalism, longitudinal study, Lyft, mass immigration, meta-analysis, microaggression, moral panic, Nate Silver, New Urbanism, Norman Mailer, open borders, open immigration, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, Overton Window, phenotype, postnationalism / post nation state, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Republic of Letters, Ronald Reagan, Scientific racism, Silicon Valley, Social Justice Warrior, statistical model, Steve Bannon, Steven Pinker, the built environment, the scientific method, The Wisdom of Crowds, transcontinental railway, twin studies, uber lyft, upwardly mobile, urban sprawl, W. E. B. Du Bois, Washington Consensus, white flight, working-age population, World Values Survey, young professional

Suzuki was attacked by the Canadian right, with the Conservative Immigration Minister, Jason Kenney, calling the remarks ‘toxic’ and the right-wing blogger Ezra Levant fulminating about Suzuki’s ‘xenophobic, crazy ideas that would put him to the right of the Ku Klux Klan on immigration’. Yet in an opt-in survey of over 9,000 respondents, 79 per cent said Suzuki ‘had a point’ while only 21 per cent called him ‘out of line’.33 In Vancouver, foreign property investors, mainly from mainland China, were responsible for overheating the housing market, driving home prices beyond the reach of many Vancouverites in a city where the ratio of house prices to income is one of the highest in the world.

740 Park: The Story of the World's Richest Apartment Building by Michael Gross

Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, anti-communist, Bear Stearns, Bonfire of the Vanities, California gold rush, Carl Icahn, company town, Cornelius Vanderbilt, corporate raider, cuban missile crisis, Donald Trump, Glass-Steagall Act, Irwin Jacobs, it's over 9,000, Jarndyce and Jarndyce, junk bonds, McMansion, Michael Milken, mortgage debt, Norman Mailer, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, plutocrats, Ronald Reagan, sensible shoes, short selling, strikebreaker, The Predators' Ball, traveling salesman, Upton Sinclair, urban planning

Out of that would come real estate and corporate taxes; mortgage interest of $220,000 a year; just over $35,000 in annual labor costs (for the salaries of a super, twelve elevator men, four doormen, four carriage men, three porters, a handyman, two relief men, and one night hall captain); insurance premiums; and payments for electric light and power, steam heat, water, repairs, supplies, and administrative costs. James T. Lee predicted that this budget would throw off a surplus of just over $9,000 a year—presumably extra cash for emergencies. That would prove a tad optimistic. THE NEW APARTMENT HOUSE ROSE QUICKLY THAT WINTER AND THE FOLLOWING spring, proof, if any were needed, that a mere stock market correction couldn’t stop progress. Steelwork had been completed by January 1930. Roof riveting commenced the day after Valentine’s Day.

The Narrow Corridor: States, Societies, and the Fate of Liberty by Daron Acemoglu, James A. Robinson

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, agricultural Revolution, AltaVista, Andrei Shleifer, bank run, Berlin Wall, British Empire, California gold rush, central bank independence, centre right, classic study, collateralized debt obligation, collective bargaining, colonial rule, Computer Numeric Control, conceptual framework, Corn Laws, Cornelius Vanderbilt, corporate governance, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, crony capitalism, Dava Sobel, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, Deng Xiaoping, discovery of the americas, double entry bookkeeping, Edward Snowden, en.wikipedia.org, equal pay for equal work, European colonialism, export processing zone, Ferguson, Missouri, financial deregulation, financial innovation, flying shuttle, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, Great Leap Forward, high-speed rail, income inequality, income per capita, industrial robot, information asymmetry, interest rate swap, invention of movable type, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, James Watt: steam engine, John Harrison: Longitude, joint-stock company, Kula ring, labor-force participation, land reform, Mahatma Gandhi, manufacturing employment, mass incarceration, Maui Hawaii, means of production, megacity, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, Nelson Mandela, obamacare, openstreetmap, out of africa, PageRank, pattern recognition, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, seminal paper, Skype, spinning jenny, Steven Pinker, the market place, transcontinental railway, War on Poverty, WikiLeaks

As early as 1792 the first Congress passed the Post Office Act to create a federal postal service and quickly managed to form a huge web connecting the country. The post office soon became the single most important government employer. In 1816, 69 percent of the federal civilian workforce were postmasters. By 1841 this number had risen to 79 percent, and there were over 9,000 postmasters. The New York Times described it in 1852 as the “mighty arm of civil government.” Yet the post office was a public-private partnership as well. The mail was carried by private stagecoaches subsidized by the federal government. By 1828 there were over 700 private mail contractors. This partnership enabled the federal state to establish a widespread presence throughout this vast territory.

Andrew Carnegie by David Nasaw

banking crisis, book value, British Empire, Burning Man, business climate, business cycle, business logic, California gold rush, clean water, collective bargaining, company town, Corn Laws, Cornelius Vanderbilt, crony capitalism, David Brooks, death from overwork, delayed gratification, financial independence, flying shuttle, full employment, housing crisis, indoor plumbing, invention of the steam engine, it's over 9,000, James Watt: steam engine, Khartoum Gordon, land reform, land tenure, Louis Pasteur, Monroe Doctrine, price stability, railway mania, Republic of Letters, strikebreaker, Thomas Malthus, transcontinental railway, traveling salesman, union organizing, Upton Sinclair, vertical integration, work culture , Works Progress Administration

Recipients of awards—or their heirs—received medals, with the inscription from the New Testament: “Greater Love Hath No Man Than This, That a Man Lay Down His Life for His Friends.” In its first one hundred years of operation, the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission, based in Pittsburgh, dispersed $27 million to honor and support over nine thousand Carnegie heroes in the United States and Canada with cash awards, college fellowships, pensions, and medals. Hero Fund commissions remain in operation today in the United Kingdom, the United States, and nine European nations.8 CARNEGIE was delighted with Roosevelt’s election in 1908. As an unelected president, Roosevelt had been constrained to follow the mandates of the man whom the people had elected in 1900.

The Rough Guide to Chile by Melissa Graham, Andrew Benson

Atahualpa, California gold rush, call centre, centre right, company town, cuban missile crisis, Easter island, feminist movement, Francisco Pizarro, it's over 9,000, Murano, Venice glass, sensible shoes, sustainable-tourism, three-masted sailing ship, trade route, union organizing, women in the workforce

The park’s namesake and centrepiece, 16km along a muddy track from the village, is the perfectly conical Volcán Hornopirén, whose steep slopes are 385 The eruption of Volcán Chaitén THE C ARRE TE RA AUS T R A L On May 2, 2008, Volcán Chaitén, at the foot of which nestles its namesake town, erupted for the first time in over 9,000 years, taking the local residents completely by surprise, as the volcano was thought to be fully dormant. The town, and much of the surrounding area, had to be evacuated as the 19-mile (30-kilometre) plume of ash and steam from the volcano affected the local water sources. The ashfall drifted as far as some of the outlying Chiloé islands to the west and parts of eastern Patagonia, covering Futaleufú and even reaching Argentina’s Esquél.

Immigration worldwide: policies, practices, and trends by Uma Anand Segal, Doreen Elliott, Nazneen S. Mayadas

affirmative action, Asian financial crisis, Berlin Wall, borderless world, British Empire, Celtic Tiger, centre right, conceptual framework, credit crunch, demographic transition, deskilling, en.wikipedia.org, European colonialism, export processing zone, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial independence, full employment, global village, guest worker program, illegal immigration, immigration reform, income inequality, income per capita, informal economy, it's over 9,000, knowledge economy, labor-force participation, labour mobility, language acquisition, longitudinal study, low skilled workers, mass immigration, minimum wage unemployment, moral panic, Nelson Mandela, New Urbanism, open borders, phenotype, scientific management, South China Sea, structural adjustment programs, Suez canal 1869, trade route, transaction costs, upwardly mobile, urban planning, women in the workforce

In 2001 around 400,000 applications were recorded—this figure decreased to just under 200,000 in 2006 (Eurostat, 2007). 2. For example, over 18,000 applications from Iraqi nationals were made in Sweden in 2007, but only 144 in France. Greece, on the other hand, which, overall, had more applications than Germany, received applications from over 9,000 Pakistani nationals—contrasting with only 61 such applications in Sweden (and, given historical links, a still comparatively low number of 1,765 in the UK) (UNHCR, 2008). 3. This includes migration of non-EU nationals from one EU country to another. 4. The median age among immigrants from non-EU countries was 27.7 in 2006, compared with a median age of the current EU population of 40.4 (Eurostat, 2008a and 2008b). 5.

The Snowball: Warren Buffett and the Business of Life by Alice Schroeder

affirmative action, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, anti-communist, AOL-Time Warner, Ayatollah Khomeini, barriers to entry, Bear Stearns, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Bob Noyce, Bonfire of the Vanities, book value, Brownian motion, capital asset pricing model, card file, centralized clearinghouse, Charles Lindbergh, collateralized debt obligation, computerized trading, Cornelius Vanderbilt, corporate governance, corporate raider, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, desegregation, do what you love, Donald Trump, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, Everybody Ought to Be Rich, Fairchild Semiconductor, Fillmore Auditorium, San Francisco, financial engineering, Ford Model T, Garrett Hardin, Glass-Steagall Act, global village, Golden Gate Park, Greenspan put, Haight Ashbury, haute cuisine, Honoré de Balzac, If something cannot go on forever, it will stop - Herbert Stein's Law, In Cold Blood by Truman Capote, index fund, indoor plumbing, intangible asset, interest rate swap, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, Jeff Bezos, John Bogle, John Meriwether, joint-stock company, joint-stock limited liability company, junk bonds, Larry Ellison, Long Term Capital Management, Louis Bachelier, low interest rates, margin call, market bubble, Marshall McLuhan, medical malpractice, merger arbitrage, Michael Milken, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, money market fund, moral hazard, NetJets, new economy, New Journalism, North Sea oil, paper trading, passive investing, Paul Samuelson, pets.com, Plato's cave, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, proprietary trading, Ralph Nader, random walk, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, Scientific racism, shareholder value, short selling, side project, Silicon Valley, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, supply-chain management, telemarketer, The Predators' Ball, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, tontine, too big to fail, Tragedy of the Commons, transcontinental railway, two and twenty, Upton Sinclair, War on Poverty, Works Progress Administration, Y2K, yellow journalism, zero-coupon bond

For seven days she rode the train until, at the border town of Zabaykai’sk, a Russian guard stopped her before she could enter China. She told the man she was buying leather for the army and promised him a bottle of slivovitz on her return. Either naive or lenient, he let her through the border. She rode through Harbin, Manchuria, to Tientsin, China, on another train. By then Rose had journeyed over nine thousand miles across almost the entire continent of Asia.5 From Tientsin she used her small stock of money to take a boat to Japan, with stops at Hiroshima and Kobe along the way, until she finally arrived in Yokohama. There she waited for another two weeks until finding the Ava Maru, a cargo boat carrying peanuts that gave her steerage passage to the United States.

The Pursuit of Power: Europe, 1815-1914 by Richard J. Evans

agricultural Revolution, Albert Einstein, Alfred Russel Wallace, Anton Chekhov, British Empire, clean water, company town, Corn Laws, demographic transition, Edward Jenner, Ernest Rutherford, Etonian, European colonialism, feminist movement, Ford Model T, full employment, gentleman farmer, germ theory of disease, glass ceiling, Great Leap Forward, hiring and firing, Honoré de Balzac, Ignaz Semmelweis: hand washing, imperial preference, income inequality, independent contractor, industrial cluster, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, Jacquard loom, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, joint-stock company, Khartoum Gordon, land bank, land reform, land tenure, Livingstone, I presume, longitudinal study, Louis Blériot, Louis Daguerre, Louis Pasteur, means of production, minimum wage unemployment, mittelstand, Monroe Doctrine, moral panic, New Urbanism, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, pneumatic tube, profit motive, railway mania, Ralph Waldo Emerson, safety bicycle, Scaled Composites, Scientific racism, Scramble for Africa, source of truth, spinning jenny, strikebreaker, Suez canal 1869, the scientific method, Thomas Malthus, trade route, University of East Anglia, Upton Sinclair, urban renewal, vertical integration

In the chaos, French soldiers had looted everything they could lay their hands on, joined in the pillaging by peasants who descended upon the city from the surrounding countryside. After the fires had died down, the charred ruins of the burnt-out city had offered little in the way of food and shelter to sustain Napoleon’s army through the winter. Nearly 7,000 out of just over 9,000 houses, more than 8,000 shops and warehouses, and over a third of the city’s 329 churches had been totally destroyed. Some 270 million roubles’ worth of private property had been lost without any possibility of compensation. Many civilians had already fled, and most of the rest had subsequently left the city, facing a life of vagabondage and destitution.

Wealth and Poverty of Nations by David S. Landes

Admiral Zheng, affirmative action, agricultural Revolution, Atahualpa, Ayatollah Khomeini, Bartolomé de las Casas, book value, British Empire, business cycle, Cape to Cairo, classic study, clean water, colonial rule, Columbian Exchange, computer age, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, deindustrialization, deskilling, European colonialism, Fellow of the Royal Society, financial intermediation, Francisco Pizarro, germ theory of disease, glass ceiling, high-speed rail, illegal immigration, income inequality, Index librorum prohibitorum, interchangeable parts, invention of agriculture, invention of movable type, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, James Watt: steam engine, John Harrison: Longitude, joint-stock company, Just-in-time delivery, Kenneth Arrow, land tenure, lateral thinking, Lewis Mumford, mass immigration, Mexican peso crisis / tequila crisis, MITM: man-in-the-middle, Monroe Doctrine, Murano, Venice glass, new economy, New Urbanism, North Sea oil, out of africa, passive investing, Paul Erdős, Paul Samuelson, Philip Mirowski, rent-seeking, Right to Buy, Robert Solow, Savings and loan crisis, Scramble for Africa, Simon Kuznets, South China Sea, spice trade, spinning jenny, Suez canal 1869, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, trade route, transaction costs, transatlantic slave trade, Vilfredo Pareto, zero-sum game

But fiscality and the higher Chinese morality were on the Confucian side. The maritime campaign had strained the empire's finances and weakened its author­ ity over a population bled white by taxes and corvée levies. The decision (early fifteenth century) to move the capital to Peking made things worse: new city walls, a palace compound o f over nine thousand rooms, peasants liable in principle for thirty days service but kept at work for years running. The transportation bill alone—moving the court from Nanking, some eight hundred miles—drove tax sur­ charges upward. A few conscientious officials spoke up, but the im­ perial courtiers stifled them by severe and humiliating penalties.

Empire of Things: How We Became a World of Consumers, From the Fifteenth Century to the Twenty-First by Frank Trentmann

Abraham Maslow, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, Anton Chekhov, Ayatollah Khomeini, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, bread and circuses, British Empire, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, car-free, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, choice architecture, classic study, clean water, collaborative consumption, collective bargaining, colonial exploitation, colonial rule, Community Supported Agriculture, company town, critique of consumerism, cross-subsidies, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, deindustrialization, dematerialisation, Deng Xiaoping, deskilling, equity premium, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Fellow of the Royal Society, financial exclusion, fixed income, food miles, Ford Model T, full employment, gentrification, germ theory of disease, global village, Great Leap Forward, haute cuisine, Herbert Marcuse, high net worth, income inequality, index card, informal economy, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, it's over 9,000, James Watt: steam engine, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, Joseph Schumpeter, Kitchen Debate, knowledge economy, labour mobility, Les Trente Glorieuses, libertarian paternalism, Livingstone, I presume, longitudinal study, mass immigration, McMansion, mega-rich, Michael Shellenberger, moral panic, mortgage debt, Murano, Venice glass, Naomi Klein, New Urbanism, Paradox of Choice, Pier Paolo Pasolini, planned obsolescence, pneumatic tube, post-industrial society, Post-Keynesian economics, post-materialism, postnationalism / post nation state, profit motive, prosperity theology / prosperity gospel / gospel of success, public intellectual, purchasing power parity, Ralph Nader, rent control, retail therapy, Richard Thaler, Right to Buy, Ronald Reagan, school vouchers, scientific management, Scientific racism, Scramble for Africa, seminal paper, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Skype, stakhanovite, Ted Nordhaus, the built environment, the market place, The Spirit Level, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, trade liberalization, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, union organizing, upwardly mobile, urban planning, urban sprawl, Washington Consensus, women in the workforce, working poor, young professional, zero-sum game

By the late 1960s, there were 45,000 proprietors of electrical repair shops and 20,000 furniture upholsterers.91 Forty years later, their number had plummeted. For every four TV repairmen and appliance service technicians then, only one is still around today. Older trades tell a similar story. The disappearance of the shoe repairman from American and European street corners is characteristic. In America in 1967, over 9,000 were still fixing heels. By 2004, fewer than 3,000 were left. Thanks to the Asian miracle, many shoes, shirts, umbrellas and other articles are so cheap that taking them for repair to a cobbler or seamstress who earns even a minimum wage no longer makes sense. Anyone who has marvelled at umbrella repairmen in Delhi and Beijing and wondered why they are never around in London or Amsterdam when one needs them will appreciate the economic logic of this change.

The Rough Guide to South America on a Budget (Travel Guide eBook) by Rough Guides

Airbnb, Albert Einstein, Atahualpa, banking crisis, California gold rush, call centre, car-free, centre right, colonial rule, Colonization of Mars, company town, Day of the Dead, discovery of the americas, Easter island, Francisco Pizarro, garden city movement, gentrification, haute cuisine, illegal immigration, it's over 9,000, Kickstarter, mass immigration, Nelson Mandela, off grid, openstreetmap, place-making, restrictive zoning, side project, Skype, sustainable-tourism, the long tail, trade route, urban sprawl, walkable city

A short walk up from the ferry ramp, the best of the town’s two restaurants is a reliable bet for merluza a la plancha (grilled hake) and other Chilean standards. Mains CH$5000–7500. Daily 10am–10pm. Chaitén On May 2, 2008, Volcán Chaitén, at the foot of which nestles its namesake town, erupted for the first time in over nine thousand years, taking the local residents completely by surprise. The town, and much of the surrounding area, had to be evacuated as the 30km plume of ash and steam from the volcano affected the local water sources and a mudslide caused floods which devastated the town. The town has been rebuilt since (though several eerie, wrecked houses have been left standing off Calle Río Blanco as a macabre outdoor museum) and is a useful transport hub and a good base for visiting Parque Nacional Pumalín.

Global Crisis: War, Climate Change and Catastrophe in the Seventeenth Century by Geoffrey Parker

agricultural Revolution, British Empire, classic study, Climatic Research Unit, colonial rule, creative destruction, currency manipulation / currency intervention, Defenestration of Prague, Edmond Halley, en.wikipedia.org, European colonialism, failed state, Fellow of the Royal Society, financial independence, friendly fire, Google Earth, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Isaac Newton, it's over 9,000, Johannes Kepler, Joseph Schumpeter, Khyber Pass, mass immigration, Mercator projection, moral hazard, mortgage debt, Peace of Westphalia, Peter Thiel, public intellectual, Republic of Letters, sexual politics, South China Sea, the market place, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, unemployed young men, University of East Anglia, World Values Survey, zero-sum game

Throughout the seventeenth century slave caravans brought 5,000–6,000 African men and women to Ottoman Egypt each year, whence they were distributed throughout the empire – but, after the arrival of the Europeans in the west, far more Africans went involuntarily to the Americas.82 Estimating the overall size of the trade in slaves between Africa and the various European colonies in America is extremely difficult; nevertheless, around 1640 an official with extensive experience estimated that the slave population of Spanish America stood at about 325,000 and that just over 9,000 new slaves were required each year to maintain this level. In addition, a further 80,000 slaves probably laboured in Brazil, where the colony needed to import over 2,000 slaves annually just to replace ‘losses'; while in 1656 alone 2,000 African slaves arrived in the English colony of Barbados.