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searching for Innate immune system 208 found (476 total)

CEACAM3 (932 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

an important role in controlling human-specific pathogens by the innate immune system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but

Ruslan Medzhitov (566 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Hughes Medical Institute. His research focuses on the analysis of the innate immune system, inflammatory response, innate control of the adaptive immunity,

Ceragenin (514 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

also seen in antimicrobial peptides, which form part of the body's innate immune system, they avoid many of the difficulties associated with their use as

KLRD1 (1,386 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

signaling and is expressed on the surface of natural killer cells in the innate immune system. CD94 pairs with the NKG2 molecule as a heterodimer. The CD94/NKG2

TIRAP (179 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

is an adapter molecule associated with toll-like receptors. The innate immune system recognizes microbial pathogens through Toll-like receptors (TLRs)

C3b (1,157 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

complement component 3, and is considered an important part of the innate immune system. C3b is potent in opsonization: tagging pathogens, immune complexes

Complement component 5a (1,654 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

membrane attack complex (MAC), one of the most basic weapons of the innate immune system, formed as an automatic response to intrusions from foreign particles

Seung-Yong Seong (1,416 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

South Korean immunologist and microbiologist known for his study of innate immune system response and his development of the damage-associated molecular pattern

Muramyl dipeptide (419 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

leucine-rich repeat family, is a cytoplasmic receptor involved in host innate immune system defense. Mutations in the CARD15 gene encoding NOD2 protein have

Leucophenga varia (149 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which has impacted the evolution of the Diptericin gene of its innate immune system. "Leucophenga varia Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System

Immunological memory (2,961 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the basis of vaccination. Emerging resources show that even the innate immune system can initiate a more efficient immune response and pathogen elimination

Thioester-containing protein 1 (1,740 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

protein 1, often called TEP1 is a key component of the arthropod innate immune system. TEP1 was first identified as a key immunity gene in 2001 through

Giardiasis (5,501 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Giardiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia and G. intestinalis). Infected individuals who experience symptoms

Mihai Netea (2,195 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

University Nijmegen Medical Center. Netea's field of study includes the innate immune system and its capacity to "memorize" infections, as well as its recognition

Asparagine endopeptidase (1,932 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP, mammalian legumain, δ-secretase; EC 3.4.22.34) is a proteolytic enzyme from C13 peptidase family which hydrolyses a peptide

Aureolysin (1,715 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

virulence, or ability to cause disease, by cleaving host factors of the innate immune system as well as regulating S. aureus secreted toxins and cell wall proteins

Paraoxonase (1,791 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Evidence also suggests that this family of enzymes has some role in our innate immune system. There are three known paraoxonases, which are encoded by the genes

Apolipoprotein B (4,836 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOB gene. Its measurement is commonly used to detect risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular

Interleukin 8 (3,456 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

secreted and is an important mediator of the immune reaction in the innate immune system response. IL-8, also known as monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic

MARCO (2,234 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cell signaling events that lead to inflammation. As part of the innate immune system, MARCO clears, or scavenges, pathogens, which leads to inflammatory

NLRP (2,056 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

recognizing signals of antigens in the cell. NLRP proteins are part of the innate immune system and detect conserved pathogen characteristics, or pathogen-associated

Hydrophis cyanocinctus (822 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and skin. Gene-encoded AMPs represent the main component of an innate immune system that protects snakes from microbial infections. Sea snakes inhabit

Low-density lipoprotein (6,996 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoprotein that transport all fat molecules around the body in extracellular water. These

Cell–cell recognition (2,051 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and B cells. Cell–cell recognition is especially important in the innate immune system, which identifies pathogens very generally. Central to this process

Plant defensin (3,924 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

pathogens and parasites. Defensins are integral components of the innate immune system and belong to the ancient superfamily of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)

High Affinity K+ transporter HAK5 (2,308 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which is involved in the innate immune system for living cells. PAMPs are the main molecules that run the innate immune system. They consist of either

Blau syndrome (1,387 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sparked investigation into its function as part of the innate immune system. The innate immune system recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including

Passive antibody therapy (2,923 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

laboratory to elicit an immune response instead of relying on the innate immune system to fight disease. It has a long history from the 18th century for

Immunoediting (1,356 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

involves the initiation of an antitumor immune response. Cells of the innate immune system recognize the presence of a growing tumor which has undergone stromal

Urticarial vasculitis (715 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ability to link the two important arms of the immune system – the innate immune system: a broad defence system; and the adaptive immune system: the strong

Dial (soap) (587 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article

2013. Retrieved 10 May 2012. Dayan, Nava; Wertz, Philip W. (2011). Innate Immune System of Skin and Oral Mucosa: Properties and impact in pharmaceutics,

Richard Smeyne (606 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

interactions of the peripheral immune system with that of the brain’s innate immune system immune as well as the role of viruses in the etiology of Parkinson’s

Tonsil (1,585 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

PMID 35582809. Braunstein, Michael J. (2023). "Age-related changes of the innate immune system of the palatine tonsil in a healthy cohort". Nature Immunology. 24

Induced-self antigen (534 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(2002-04-12). "Decoding the patterns of self and nonself by the innate immune system". Science. 296 (5566): 298–300. Bibcode:2002Sci...296..298M. CiteSeerX 10

Margie Profet (1,318 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Phospholipase A2—the major allergen in bee venom -- "is sensed by the innate immune system" and induces an immune response in mice that can protect against

Polly Matzinger (2,271 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

proposal that the innate immune system was the real gatekeeper of immune system responses. He also theorized that the innate immune system used ancient pattern-recognition

APOBEC (782 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

APOBEC family proteins are widely expressed in cells of the human innate immune system. These enzymes, when misregulated, are a major source of mutation

SIGLEC10 (754 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

motifs, or ITIMs. SIGLECs are typically expressed on cells of the innate immune system, with the exception of the B-cell expressed SIGLEC6 (MIM 604405)

Slow virus (600 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Bradford BM, Mabbott NA (December 2012). "Prion disease and the innate immune system". Viruses. 4 (12): 3389–3419. doi:10.3390/v4123389. PMC 3528271.

RNA interference (15,409 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

divided into two separate branches: the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The innate immune system is the first defense against infection

Johannes F. Coy (840 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

monocytes (EDIM) - detection method of biomarkers in cells of the innate immune system in blood samples Automated flow cytrometry method Flow cytometry-based

EF-Tu receptor (1,511 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and portions that extend beyond the membrane. They are part of the innate immune system and bind to and prevent the proliferation of pathogens with the PAMPs

DSCAM (3,755 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

antibody-based immune systems. Instead, invertebrates rely on their innate immune system to eliminate infectious entities. The task of detecting and responding

Vernix caseosa (1,335 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Narendran V, Visscher MO (2011). "Vernix Caseosa and Innate Immunity". Innate Immune System of Skin and Oral Mucosa. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 145–169. doi:10

CTAG1B (2,389 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

macrophages and dendritic cells provides a link between CTAG1B, the innate immune system, and possibly the adaptive immune response against CTAG1B. GRCh38:

Rudolph E. Tanzi (4,371 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Abeta to be a potent antimicrobial peptide (AMP) in the brain's innate immune system. After showing that the beta-amyloid protein protects against various

Uterine natural killer cells (1,098 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Uterine natural killer cells do not have a fundamental role in the innate immune system and therefore, are not cytotoxic. Throughout pregnancy, there is

CFHR5 (719 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which plays an important role in the regulation of a branch of the innate immune system called the alternative complement pathway. Like complement factor

MMP8 (1,257 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

production, suggesting a role for MMP-8 in the regulation of the innate immune system. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000118113 – Ensembl, May 2017

Leucine-rich repeat receptor like protein kinase (1,423 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the expression of PDF1.2 (defensin) gene being component of plant innate immune system. Expression of these defense genes would result in more production

Imiquimod (1,685 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

several immunological levels synergistically. Imiquimod stimulates the innate immune system by activating toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), commonly involved in pathogen

Neil Gow (microbiologist) (828 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

"An integrated model of the recognition of Candida albicans by the innate immune system". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 6 (1): 67–78. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1815

Plant lipid transfer proteins (1,062 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Ovchinnikova TV (2016). "Lipid Transfer Proteins As Components of the Plant Innate Immune System: Structure, Functions, and Applications". Acta Naturae. 8 (2): 47–61

Glucan (1,686 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Andrea; Underhill, David (29 June 2009). "β-glucan recognition by the innate immune system". Immunological Reviews. 230 (1): 38–50. doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X

CARD (domain) (1,439 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Tschopp J (2004). "Inflammatory caspases: linking an intracellular innate immune system to autoinflammatory diseases". Cell. 117 (5): 561–74. doi:10.1016/j

Asian water monitor (4,180 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Water Monitor) Reveals Adaptations in the Blood Coagulation and Innate Immune System". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 10. Frontiers Media S.A. doi:10

Five-prime cap (2,004 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

is more common in higher eukaryotes and thought to be part of the innate immune system to recognize mRNAs from other organisms. In multicellular eukaryotes

Antigen (2,434 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

component of vaccines plays an essential role in the activation of the innate immune system. An immunogen is an antigen substance (or adduct) that is able to

Lung microbiota (1,725 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Kawai, Taro; Akira, Shizuo (2011). "Pathogen Recognition by the Innate Immune System". International Reviews of Immunology. 30 (1): 16–34. doi:10.3109/08830185

Kupffer cell (1,861 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

conserved in mice and humans and is a critical component of the innate immune system. Kupffer cells are incredibly plastic cells that have the capability

Human milk immunity (3,105 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mammary gland and milk production evolved as a part of the human innate immune system, with its immunological protective role predating its nutritional

Necroptosis (1,667 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

necroptosis. TLRs are a class of receptors that function in the innate immune system to recognize conserved components of pathogens, such as flagellin

Cancer cell (2,344 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

'evil twin' cancer cells". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2025-02-24. "The Innate Immune System: NK Cells". Community College of Baltimore County. Archived from

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (1,153 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

hypothesis for the initiation is that an infection stimulates the innate immune system, specifically perivascular microglia. This allows the entrance of

Cholesterol embolism (1,438 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

vasculitis; complement is a group of proteins that forms part of the innate immune system. Complement levels are frequently reduced in cholesterol embolism

Cathepsin F (994 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mortality due to bacterial diseases. Understanding the workings of its innate immune system, in various embryonic developmental stages, may help the associated

Janet Mary Lord (681 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Greenwood; Alexander Panda; Janet M Lord (1 August 2010). "Aging of the innate immune system". Current Opinion in Immunology. 22 (4): 507–513. doi:10.1016/J.COI

FDC-SP (1,089 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

surfactant proteins A and D, which are thought to be involved in the innate immune system of the lung. These proteins allow for the phagocytosis of bacteria

Anthony Gordon (clinical scientist) (1,260 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

28 December 2023. Gordon, Anthony. Genetic polymorphisms of the innate immune system : influence on susceptibility and outcome in severe sepsis and septic

Howard L. Weiner (2,350 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

from the institutes' Directors office for the investigation of the innate immune system in Alzheimer's Disease. Of 750 applications for the award, only 20

Sepsis (13,631 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

are recognized by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system, which may be membrane-bound or cytosolic. There are four families

Karin E. de Visser (613 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

she started working on the interaction between the adaptive and innate immune system. She spent two years in California, before returning to the Netherlands

Radial immunodiffusion (1,959 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

liquid or semifluid media. Squire JD, Leiding JW (2022). "Testing the innate immune system". Allergic and Immunologic Diseases. pp. 725–735. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-95061-9

Drew Weissman (1,980 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of Pennsylvania to start his laboratory in order to study RNA and innate immune system biology. He is now the Roberts Family Professor in Vaccine Research

Classical complement pathway (1,885 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the target cell membranes to lysing. Because of its role in the innate immune system classical complement has been implicated in a number of pathogen

Waxworm (1,457 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

fungal pathogens. Waxworms prove valuable in such studies because the innate immune system of insects is strikingly similar to that of mammals. Waxworms survive

Rhabdoviridae (2,697 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for specific encapsulation. P protein interferes with the host's innate immune system through inhibition of the activities of interferon regulatory factor

Colostrum (5,897 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

immune components of colostrum include the major components of the innate immune system, such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, complement, and

Joan Massagué (1,400 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

lung cancers, and the interplay of metastatic stem cells with the innate immune system. On January 13, 2020, a study by Massagué-led Sloan Kettering Institute

Arbitrium (1,286 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

infection. Additionally, they found similarities between the human innate immune system and the bacterial defense system against phages. It appears that

Virus-like particle (2,644 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

"Interaction of Viral Capsid-Derived Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) with the Innate Immune System". Vaccines. 6 (3): 37. doi:10.3390/vaccines6030037. PMC 6161069.

Animal testing on invertebrates (899 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

PMID 23535125. Schulenburg H, Kurz CL, Ewbank JJ (2004). "Evolution of the innate immune system: the worm perspective". Immunol. Rev. 198: 36–58. doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896

Ken Raymond (1,306 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the project has begun to explore siderophore interactions with the innate immune system during bacterial infections. Throughout the years the iron project

Ocular immune system (1,800 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that may contain microorganisms. Other components of the ocular innate immune system include tears, epithelial cells, keratocytes, corneal nerves, the

Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase (3,637 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Interleukin 1 is a cytokine that acts locally and systemically in the innate immune system. IL-1a and IL-1ß are known for causing inflammation, but can also

Alpha-2-Macroglobulin (1,662 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(1999). "Alpha2-macroglobulin: an evolutionarily conserved arm of the innate immune system". Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 23 (4–5): 375–390. doi:10

Bifidobacterium (2,458 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Potential of probiotics as biotherapeutic agents targeting the innate immune system" (PDF). African Journal of Biotechnology. February 2005. "Probiotics:

Sujata Sharma (1,156 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein which is a component of the innate immune system and are conserved from insects to mammals, have given a new direction

Mariana J. Kaplan (378 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

significantly advanced the understanding of the pathogenic role of the innate immune system in systemic autoimmune diseases, atherosclerosis, and immune-mediated

Akiko Iwasaki (1,760 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

; Medzhitov, R. (2010). "Regulation of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system". Science. 327 (5963): 291–295. Bibcode:2010Sci...327..291I. doi:10

Tim Sparwasser (867 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

DNA sequences containing specific CpG motifs activate cells of the innate immune system and can therefore be used as adjuvants in experimental vaccination

IFNK (2,561 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

IFN-kappa, a novel type I IFN, on cytokine production by cells of the innate immune system". Journal of Immunology. 169 (9). Baltimore, Md.: 4822–4830. doi:10

Animal heme-dependent peroxidases (877 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

superfamily: Reconstructed evolution of critical enzymes of the innate immune system". Proteins. 72 (2): 589–605. doi:10.1002/prot.21950. PMID 18247411

Vishva Dixit (3,466 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

at the molecular level. During his tenure, he has worked on the innate immune system, particularly its role in orchestrating an inflammatory response

Yu-Shan Lin (1,185 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

17, 2018). "Destabilized adaptive influenza variants critical for innate immune system escape are potentiated by host chaperones". PLOS Biology. 16 (9):

Immunology (4,206 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

immunology. The immune system has been divided into a more primitive innate immune system and, in vertebrates, an acquired or adaptive immune system. The latter

Autolysin (1,393 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cell surface peptidoglycan to prevent detection by the Drosophila innate immune system". eLife. 3: e02277. doi:10.7554/eLife.02277. PMC 3971415. PMID 24692449

Margaret Ackerman (740 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

HIV and Herpes simplex virus. Her vaccines look to make use of the innate immune system, the early response system that protects us from pathogens until

Clouding of consciousness (2,821 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mold exposure. This may be due to mycotoxin exposure and consequent innate immune system activation and inflammation, including in the central nervous system

Curli (1,701 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(Pathogen-associated molecular pattern); its β-sheet structure is recognized in the innate immune system and activates the TLR2 (Toll-Like Receptor 2). This then causes a

Elina Zúñiga (2,559 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cells (mDCs). This change in phenotype and function enables the innate immune system with the enhanced ability to process and present antigens and recognize

Zizania latifolia (1,020 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(Zizania latifolia) infected with Ustilago esculenta stimulates innate immune system, via induction of human β-defensin-2. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 841:

Allergy to cats (2,477 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

enters through the nose or mouth, antigen presenting cells of the innate immune system analyze the allergen and present antigenic peptides to helper T cells

TRAF3IP2 (1,139 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Brucella abortus uses a stealthy strategy to avoid activation of the innate immune system during the onset of infection". PLOS ONE. 2 (7): e631. Bibcode:2007PLoSO

TRIM14 (1,278 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cell show increased transcription of eighteen genes involved in the innate immune system. They are ifna, il6 (ifnb2), isg15, raf-1, NF-kB (nf-kb1, rela, nf-kb2

Omptin (1,329 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

bacteria produce proteases that can target components of the host's innate immune system. Omptin proteases function as a defense mechanism against antimicrobial

Retinal gene therapy using lentiviral vectors (1,503 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the lentivirus, all of them falling under either activity by the innate immune system or adaptive immune system. In the cases of some HIV-1-derived lentiviral

Björn Dahlbäck (1,340 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein—friend or foe in the innate immune system?". Molecular Immunology. 40 (18): 1333–1346. doi:10.1016/j.molimm

Coagulin (1,625 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

reaction at the final stage of hemolymph coagulation is an important innate immune system of horseshoe crabs. In comparison, mammalian blood coagulation differs

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (2,729 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

stimulation involves subverting the antigen presentation pathways of the innate immune system. A drug or metabolite covalently binds with a host protein to form

Schreckstoff (3,605 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Marchant and D. P. Chivers. 2009. Epidermal club cells and the innate immune system of minnows. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 98:891-897. Hamilton

Lactobacillus acidophilus (3,318 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

community, providing the organism with intestinal health benefits. The innate immune system of L. acidophilus also produces antimicrobial peptides. The group

GWAS in allergy (834 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

receptors ( LTRs ) type, a family of proteins that form part of the innate immune system . These receptors are transmembrane and recognize molecular patterns

Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (10,380 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

response to infections, and specifically to viruses. Alterations in the innate immune system, including the pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptors

Interleukin (4,194 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

secreted and is an important mediator of the immune reaction in the innate immune system response. Interleukin 9 (IL-9) is a cytokine that supports IL-2 independent

Vincent Racaniello (2,583 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Racaniello has also begun to study how these viruses evade the host innate immune system, in particular interferon type I response. Infection of cultured

Borrelia burgdorferi (4,080 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

immune system that allow for rapid and long-lasting responses. The innate immune system allows for a rapid, non-specific response to a pathogen. While the

Alveolar macrophage (3,913 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

lipoglycans and lipoproteins that are recognized by cells of the innate immune system through the TLRs. Upon binding of PAMPs to TLRs, the TLR triggers

List of enzymes (3,650 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Function: An enzyme that is produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system and is abundant in the secretions of saliva, human milk, tears, and

Wang Yanyi (1,526 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

working on her thesis about pattern recognition signaling of the innate immune system as it relates to viruses, especially in regard to the Type 1 IFN

Messenger RNA (6,206 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

function of genes in cell culture. It is thought to be part of the innate immune system as a defense against double-stranded RNA viruses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs)

Retinol (5,130 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mucosa through its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA). As part of the innate immune system, toll-like receptors in skin cells respond to pathogens and cell

Autoimmunity (5,880 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classical autoimmune diseases at one extreme and diseases driven by the innate immune system at the other extreme. Within this scheme, the full spectrum of autoimmunity

Mammary gland (5,471 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Penninger, J. M. (2006). "Evolution of the mammary gland from the innate immune system?". BioEssays. 28 (6): 606–616. doi:10.1002/bies.20423. PMID 16700061

Calprotectin (2,176 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

organisms. Mammals strictly limit metal availability as a part of the innate immune system, and this helps prevent infection by microbes and fungi. Calprotectin

Mexican free-tailed bat (3,939 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

McCracken, G. F. (2009). "Roosting ecology and variation in adaptive and innate immune system function in the Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis)"

Myocarditis (6,426 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells (myocytes) and activation of the innate immune system. Over the next 1–4 weeks, viral replication continues with subsequent

Gluten (6,936 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

pathogenesis is not yet well understood, but the activation of the innate immune system, the direct negative effects of gluten and probably other wheat components

List of human clusters of differentiation (492 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Toll-like receptor family (TLR) of pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system. TLR1 recognizes pathogen-associated molecular pattern with a specificity

Novavax COVID-19 vaccine (5,773 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

adjuvant demonstrates its protection against the virus by inducing innate immune system rapidly. At the local site of injection, the adjuvant recruits antigen

Plasmodium berghei (2,679 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

OCLC 742299021. Clayton AM, Dong Y, Dimopoulos G (2014). "The Anopheles innate immune system in the defense against malaria infection". Journal of Innate Immunity

Stevens–Johnson syndrome (5,826 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

this involves subverting the antigen presentation pathways of the innate immune system. The drug or metabolite covalently binds with a host protein to form

T-cell receptor (5,378 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

only when an infection or inflammatory stimulus is detected by the innate immune system, known as a "danger signal". This two-signal system makes sure that

Gustav Gaudernack (2,281 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mouse myeloma protein λ315. He further became interested in the innate immune system, in particular monocytes, and generated monocyte-specific monoclonal

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (8,559 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"trained immunity", which refers to the enhanced response of the innate immune system. Unlike adaptive immunity, trained immunity involves long-lasting

Douglas Scherr (2,302 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

currently developing a novel class of compounds that utilize the innate immune system to fight urologic tumors. He is working on the development of a non-invasive

Monoclonal antibody therapy (4,217 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Monoclonal antibody therapy can aid the immune system because the innate immune system responds to the environmental factors it encounters by discriminating

Interleukin-1 family (6,093 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

molecules in the context of altered pH, they are recognized by the innate immune system as molecules that should not be in extracellular space. Cell stress

Bile salt hydrolase (2,089 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Indirectly, bile acids shape the gut microbiota by regulating the innate immune system or activating cellular signaling machinery that excludes certain

Aspergillus fumigatus (4,593 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distribution in the environment. However, in healthy individuals, the innate immune system is an efficacious barrier to A. fumigatus infection. A large portion

Cd1-restricted T cell (1,585 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

infected. Natural killer T (NKT) cells represent unusual cells of the innate immune system because they express a surface receptor that is generated by somatic

Ustilago esculenta (861 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(Zizania latifolia) infected with Ustilago esculenta stimulates innate immune system, via induction of human β-defensin-2. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 841:

Mississippi gopher frog (2,997 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in its immune system that are unique to Rana sevosa. The frog's innate immune system is adept at recognizing outside prokaryotic pathogens. Rana sevosa

Bombus hortorum (2,968 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

may affect the response to the parasite by triggering the bee's innate immune system, up-regulated effector genes that defend the host. Bombus hortorum

Plant disease epidemiology (2,369 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

signals. In responses to infections, plants have a two-branched innate immune system. The first branch has to recognize and respond to molecules that

Mosquito-borne disease (6,955 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Mosquito-borne flaviviruses also encode viral antagonists to the innate immune system in order to cause persistent infection in mosquitoes and a broad

HFE H63D gene mutation (2,659 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

H63D syndrome patients experience nonspecific activation of the innate immune system, which can additionally lead to spontaneously occurring, passive

Ebola vaccine (6,259 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

doses of VP35. This challenge resulted in the activation of the innate immune system and the production of anti-EBOV antibodies. The primates were then

Platelet (8,530 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Cox D, Kerrigan SW, Watson SP (June 2011). "Platelets and the innate immune system: mechanisms of bacterial-induced platelet activation". Journal of

Jonathan C. Kagan (3,468 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

centers (SMOCs), which are considered the signaling organelles of the innate immune system. Kagan's lab has used synthetic biology to engineer the TLR-myddosome

Hsp70 (5,785 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

diseases like retinopathy, Toll like receptors are integral part of innate immune system and eHSP70 binds to toll like receptors and activates the MyD88 pathway

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (5,913 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

facilitate prolonged spread of the virus throughout the body. The innate immune system recognizes hantavirus infection by detection of viral RNA. This triggers

AIM2 (2,826 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding (OB) folds. AIM2 is a component of the innate immune system that functions as a cytoplasmic dsDNA sensor playing a role in antiviral

Rhesus macaque (8,597 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

influenza on a cellular level in each tissue. Both viruses stimulated innate immune system inflammation, but the 1918 flu stimulated stronger and more persistent

Lip licker's dermatitis (2,658 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

damaged with the increased skin permeability. As the response of the innate immune system, proinflammatory cytokines are released facing the damage to the

Surfactant protein A1 (3,387 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

J (Jun 1997). "Collectins: collectors of microorganisms for the innate immune system". BioEssays. 19 (6): 509–18. doi:10.1002/bies.950190610. PMID 9204768

Surface modification of biomaterials with proteins (3,306 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

proteins surrounding the implant serve to "hide" the implant from the innate immune system. However, if the implant is coated in allergenic proteins, the patient's

Animal testing (22,046 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

early-stage discovery screens. Because of similarities between the innate immune system of insects and mammals, insects can replace mammals in some types

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (4,307 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

stimulation involves subverting the antigen presentation pathways of the innate immune system. The drug or metabolite covalently binds with a host protein to form

BNIP3 (2,693 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

death usually occurs with autophagy rather than by autophagy. The innate immune system is generally not known to exhibit memory traits, but emerging research

Ageing (12,275 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

infection, due to over-activation and a decrease in the precision of the innate immune system dysbiosis of gut microbiome (e.g., loss of microbial diversity, expansion

Chemorepulsion (2,898 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Neutrophils are critical constituents of the innate immune system

Coeliac disease (15,863 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and involve the release of interleukin 15 and activation of the innate immune system by a shorter gluten peptide (p31–43/49). This would trigger killing

Staphylococcus aureus (13,914 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

S. aureus species as well as increased virulence via evading the innate immune system and optimising persistent infections.[citation needed] The list of

Paired receptors (3,057 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Eriko; McVicar, Daniel W. (May 2008). "Paired Receptor Systems of the Innate Immune System". Current Protocols in Immunology. 81 (1): Appendix-1X. doi:10.1002/0471142735

William Federspiel (1,226 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

designed to remove the chemical molecules that orchestrate the body's innate immune system. By 2012, ALung's clinical trials on the Hemolung found that the

Milk (15,661 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

MR, Penninger JM (2006). "Evolution of the mammary gland from the innate immune system?". BioEssays. 28 (6): 606–16. doi:10.1002/bies.20423. PMID 16700061

Cellular adoptive immunotherapy (2,170 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

expansion, efficacy, and persistence. Natural killer cells belong to the innate immune system, while they perform anti-tumor functions in a very similar mechanism

SAAL1 (2,146 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

protein-interaction network of interferon-stimulated genes extends the innate immune system landscape". Nature Immunology. 20 (4): 493–502. doi:10.1038/s41590-019-0323-3

Chinese red-headed centipede (4,127 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

leads to the development of numerous antimicrobial peptides in its innate immune system. An antimicrobial peptide named scolopendrasin VII was discovered

CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity (4,000 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

granzymes into an infected cell. (Abbas and Lichtman, 2005) Finally, the innate immune system has also been associated with immunosurveillance (Dunn et al., 2004)

Nicotine (14,454 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

other cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Immune cells of both the innate immune system and adaptive immune systems frequently express the α2, α5, α6, α7

CRISPR (11,900 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ancestral effector module, which likely functioned as an independent innate immune system. The highly conserved cas1 and cas2 genes of the adaptor module evolved

Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (7,271 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

facilitate prolonged spread of the virus throughout the body. The innate immune system recognizes hantavirus infection by detection of viral RNA. This triggers

Cohesin (6,843 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

macrophages leads to impairment of inflammatory response of the innate immune system and restricts transcriptional response of primary macrophages to

Ulcerative colitis (16,298 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

patients in clinical remission, indicating the involvement of the innate immune system in the etiology. Fexofenadine, an antihistamine drug used in treatment

Morphine (14,053 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

One study successfully showed that dendritic cells, part of the innate immune system, display opiate receptors. Dendritic cells are responsible for producing

Toxoplasma gondii (12,717 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

gondii infection stimulates production of IL-2 and IFN-γ by the innate immune system. Continuous IFN-γ production is necessary for control of both acute

Jochen Reiser (1,713 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(CKD) as well as for acute kidney injury (AKI). suPAR may link the innate immune system functionally to the kidney – a novel, potentially fundamental concept

Virtual colony count (4,186 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

example, defensins are antimicrobial peptides that are part of the innate immune system of many organisms including humans. They are divided into several

Zebrafish (12,480 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

used as a model organism to study vertebrate innate immunity. The innate immune system is capable of phagocytic activity by 28 to 30 h postfertilization

Contact dermatitis (2,856 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

contact dermatitis. This disrupts the skin barrier and activates the innate immune system. Keratinocytes in the epidermis can be actually affected by irritants

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (9,953 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

have been identified in small cohorts of POTS patients. Signs of innate immune system activation with elaboration of pro-inflammatory cytokines has also

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (16,564 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

are a subset of immune cells responsible for host defense in the innate immune system. Macrophages can release cytokines and other chemicals to cause an

Donald F. Weaver (1,221 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Amyloid beta is an early responder cytokine and immunopeptide of the innate immune system". Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions

Frances Platt (2,602 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1016/s0140-6736(00)02161-9 A pivotal study showing that activation of the innate immune system is a common hallmark of lysosomal disorders of the brain and a new

Ozone (18,252 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

immune protection. Neutrophils, another important cell type of the innate immune system that primarily targets bacterial pathogens, are found to be present

Sarah Tabrizi (3,638 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cellular degeneration in prion disease, identified a key role for the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease, published the first

Carcinogenesis (13,994 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

KM, Cidlowski JA (November 2011). "Glucocorticoids sensitize the innate immune system through regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome". The Journal of Biological

Leptin (13,127 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

leptin/leptin receptors in modulation of T cell activity and the innate immune system was shown in experimentation with mice. It modulates the immune response

Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine (13,917 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

adjuvants due to the presence of viral components that stimulate the innate immune system. "Голикова назвала сроки выпуска первых партий вакцин НИЦ Гамалеи

Epigenetic clock (7,305 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

T-cell function and the complement system, a key component of the innate immune system where it promotes inflammation ATP8B4: encodes for a lipid transporter

Reproductive immunology (4,976 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

immune attack. While natural killer cells (NK cells), part of the innate immune system, are cytotoxic and responsible for attacking pathogens and infected

Microbiome (11,925 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

host and microbes and recognition of the consortia by the worm's innate immune system. The major strength of this system is that it does offer the ability

High-dose chemotherapy (4,283 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

having a higher incidence of infections. Genetic differences in the innate immune system may also affect the duration and severity of infectious episodes

Mendel Lectures (857 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, UK "A Small RNA-based Innate Immune System Guards the Integrity of Germ Cell Genomes" 15 106 March 8, 2018 Elena

Siderocalin (3,390 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

RK (Aug 2009). "Siderocalins: siderophore-binding proteins of the innate immune system" (PDF). Biometals. 22 (4): 557–64. doi:10.1007/s10534-009-9207-6

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (4,665 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

IL-10. T-cells are stimulated by IL-10 and is expressed via the innate immune system through macrophages and DC. B. thetaiotaomicron OMVs in individuals

Trypanosoma brucei (12,738 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and T. evansi) is not human infective because it is susceptible to innate immune system 'trypanolytic' factors present in the serum of some primates, including

Phage therapy (13,088 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

bacteriophages can induce an immune response. Macrophages, key cells of the innate immune system, play a central role in mediating this response. The most frequent

Medical textiles (4,698 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

most permanent synthetic biomaterials are considered foreign by the innate immune system. This can lead to a foreign body reaction when implanted. Products

Milk fat globule membrane (6,355 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

S2CID 1964967. Newburg DS (April 2009). "Neonatal protection by an innate immune system of human milk consisting of oligosaccharides and glycans". Journal

Marine microbiome (8,073 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

host and microbes and recognition of the consortia by the worm's innate immune system. The major strength of this system is that it does offer the ability

Multiple sclerosis drug pipeline (9,437 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that blocks cell replication and immune responses, It targets the innate immune system (mast cells and microglia) and has shown efficacy in the progressive

Anticancer gene (6,791 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of apoptosis. This defensin traditionally works as a part of the innate immune system, working as an antimicrobial defense. However, this peptide is currently

Type IX secretion system (2,047 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

other pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), by a host's innate immune system, resulting in complement cascades. These plasma proteins meet the

Paucimannosylation (6,235 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Paucimannosidic glycans were suggested to play roles in the nematodal innate immune system by impacting the nematode's ability to fight and survive pathogenic

Lactobacillus vaccine (10,570 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the lumen into mucosal tissues. This minimizes activation of the innate immune system, a process termed "immune exclusion". Furthermore, the selective