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Longer titles found: Approximation-preserving reduction (view), Approximation algorithm (view), Approximation error (view), Approximation in algebraic groups (view), Approximation property (view), Approximation property (ring theory) (view), Approximation theory (view), Approximation to the identity (view), Approximations of π (view), Stirling's approximation (view), Order of approximation (view), Stochastic approximation (view), Diophantine approximation (view), Boussinesq approximation (water waves) (view), WKB approximation (view), Born–Oppenheimer approximation (view), Polynomial-time approximation scheme (view), Universal approximation theorem (view), Linear approximation (view), Small-angle approximation (view), Paraxial approximation (view), Fitness approximation (view), Function approximation (view), Born approximation (view), Wien approximation (view), Superstrong approximation (view), Low-rank approximation (view), Muffin-tin approximation (view), GW approximation (view), Heavy traffic approximation (view), Successive-approximation ADC (view), Laplace's approximation (view), Hardness of approximation (view), Effective medium approximations (view), Local-density approximation (view), Relaxation (approximation) (view), Discrete dipole approximation (view), Empty lattice approximation (view), Bhāskara I's sine approximation formula (view), Sparse approximation (view), Dirichlet's approximation theorem (view), Rotating-wave approximation (view), Journal of Approximation Theory (view), Slowly varying envelope approximation (view), Stationary phase approximation (view), Komlós–Major–Tusnády approximation (view), Simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (view), Eikonal approximation (view), Fully polynomial-time approximation scheme (view), Boussinesq approximation (buoyancy) (view), Boussinesq approximation (view), Integrated nested Laplace approximations (view), Quasistatic approximation (view), Random phase approximation (view), Lanczos approximation (view), Constructive Approximation (view)

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first-order approximation for ex for | x | ≪ 1 {\displaystyle |x|\ll 1} : e x ≈ 1 + x . {\displaystyle e^{x}\approx 1+x.} To apply this approximation to the

describe phase transitions. MFT has been used in the Bragg–Williams approximation, models on Bethe lattice, Landau theory, Curie-Weiss law for magnetic

general metric g μ ν {\displaystyle g_{\mu \nu }} for this perturbative approximation results in a simplified expression for the Ricci tensor: R μ ν = 1 2

allowing a convenient "adiabatic approximation". For example, the adiabatic flame temperature uses this approximation to calculate the upper limit of flame

The set of Walsh transforms of the components is known as a Linear Approximation Table (LAT) or correlation matrix; it describes the correlation between

n and the original function. Following is the process to derive an approximation for the first derivative of the function f by first truncating the Taylor

In mathematical analysis, the Weierstrass approximation theorem states that every continuous function defined on a closed interval [a, b] can be uniformly

partitions may be easier to compute but less useful for approximation, or better for approximation but more difficult to compute. Generally, the order of

method, one also gives the name along with typical assumptions and approximation methods used: Ritz–Galerkin method (after Walther Ritz) typically assumes

electrostatics. This is called the "electrostatic approximation". The validity of the electrostatic approximation rests on the assumption that the electric field

a smaller space for a manufacturing process. A well-known empirical approximation used to calculate the dew point, Td, given just the actual ("dry bulb")

In mathematical analysis, the smoothness of a function is a property measured by the number of continuous derivatives (differentiability class) it has

Software such as the PLECS interface to Simulink uses piecewise-linear approximation of the equations governing the elements of a circuit. The circuit is

Continuum (pl.: continua or continuums) theories or models explain variation as involving gradual quantitative transitions without abrupt changes or discontinuities

{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {BD={1 \over 2}BC}} gives an approximation for the edge of the heptagon. This approximation uses 3 2 ≈ 0.86603 {\displaystyle \scriptstyle

y_{n+1}=y_{n}+hf(t_{n},y_{n}).} The value of y n {\displaystyle y_{n}} is an approximation of the solution at time t n {\displaystyle t_{n}} , i.e., y n ≈ y (

closure approximation must be applied to the highest moment of the particle distribution equation. This is often accomplished with approximations to the

includes a quality of data approximation and some penalty terms for the bending of the manifold. The popular initial approximations are generated by linear

system. Many branches of classical mechanics are simplifications or approximations of more accurate forms; two of the most accurate being general relativity

approximate solution of Einstein field equations for the metric tensor. The approximations are expanded in small parameters that express orders of deviations from

this idea to get rough approximations for the impact depth for projectiles traveling at high velocities. Newton's approximation for the impact depth for

mathematical approximation of the block, either by fitting a simple polynomial, or through general linear predictive coding. A description of the approximation, which

always an approximation to an object's orbit (i.e. an unperturbed conic orbit or a "two-body" orbit). The real orbit (or the best approximation to such)

In mathematics, particularly in differential topology, there are two Whitney embedding theorems, named after Hassler Whitney: The strong Whitney embedding

the desired interval of approximation. Another approximation is given by Sergei Winitzki using his "global Padé approximations":: 2–3  erf ⁡ x ≈ sgn ⁡

these algorithms typically construct a series of increasingly accurate approximations. Most square root computation methods are iterative: after choosing

theoretically the linewidth of their device by making the reasonable approximations that their ammonia maser is a true continuous-wave (CW) maser, is a

remains almost constant, and so the equilibrium or quasi-steady-state approximation remain valid. By plotting reaction rate against concentration, and using

transition. For transitions between a gas and a condensed phase with the approximations described above, the expression may be rewritten as ln ⁡ ( P 1 P 0 )

minimum costs. This is not the case for finite difference gradient approximation as it requires the evaluation of w ( z ) {\displaystyle w\left(z\right)}

AIMMS (acronym for Advanced Interactive Multidimensional Modeling System) is a prescriptive analytics software company with offices in the Netherlands

Poisson's equation or the Laplace's equation. The PGD algorithm computes an approximation of the solution of the BVP by successive enrichment. This means that

Because topographic isolation can be difficult to determine, a common approximation is the distance to a peak called the nearest higher neighbour (NHN)

the Fresnel diffraction equation for near-field diffraction is an approximation of the Kirchhoff–Fresnel diffraction that can be applied to the propagation

allowed if the approximation associated with that rule is not made. For example, in a situation where, according to usual approximations (such as the electric

radiative transfer. The Eddington approximation is distinct from the two-stream approximation. The two-stream approximation assumes that the intensity is

temperature and α Δ T ≪ 1 {\displaystyle \alpha \Delta T\ll 1} , a linear approximation will be useful in estimating the value R of a property at a temperature

for solving ordinary and partial differential equations by discrete approximation. In numerical linear algebra, the principal concern is instabilities

identity. Various surgical techniques exist, including cricothyroid approximation, Wendler glottoplasty, feminization laryngoplasty, and laser-assisted

recursive algorithm can be specified to compute the exact PMF, and approximation methods using the normal and Poisson distribution can also be specified

minus accounts receivable, minus cash. The enterprise value is the best approximation of what a company is worth at any point in time because it takes into

The learner must be able to learn the concept given any arbitrary approximation ratio, probability of success, or distribution of the samples. The model

applied as a fairly good approximation when atmospheric conditions are close to standard. When conditions are unusual, this approximation fails. Refraction is

bound on its length. So, the Solovay–Kitaev theorem shows that this approximation can be made surprisingly efficient, thereby justifying that quantum

To a first approximation, the motion in a normal vibration can be described as a kind of simple harmonic motion. In this approximation, the vibrational

characteristic have a linear approximation defined, and we expect that for each chosen plaintext pair, the probability of the linear approximation holding for one

large values of d, this gives the approximation π ≈ 355/113 = 3.14159292..., which is more accurate than the approximation π ≈ 3.1416 given by Aryabhata in

_{0}={\sqrt {\left.{\frac {d^{2}U}{dr^{2}}}\right\vert _{r=r_{0}}}}} This approximation can be better understood by looking at the potential curve of the system

a scaling sequence of an orthogonal discrete wavelet transform with approximation order A, a ( Z ) = 2 1 − A ( 1 + Z ) A p ( Z ) , {\displaystyle

two known values of that function at other points. The error of this approximation is defined as R T = f ( x ) − p ( x ) , {\displaystyle R_{T}=f(x)-p(x)

(provided that the divergence can be treated within the linearized approximation) at a rate given by | δ ( t ) | ≈ e λ t | δ 0 | {\displaystyle |{\boldsymbol

that original limit vertices are included into mesh. To ensure that approximation of the original surface suits the needs of further processing, three

besan (chickpea flour, generally labeled as gram flour). The closest approximation in Western cuisine is a side dish or dip, or a cooked salad. It is often

{\displaystyle \nu _{n}} is the frequency of the phonon. Making the approximation that the frequency is inversely proportional to the wavelength, E n

Forensic facial reconstruction (or forensic facial approximation) is the process of recreating the face of an individual (whose identity is often not

We consider two possible approximations, under which the two quantities are proportional: the Debye–Hückel approximation, valid at high temperatures

In the mathematical field of analysis, uniform convergence is a mode of convergence of functions stronger than pointwise convergence. A sequence of functions

singlet, i.e. 6 states. It is sometimes known as the Interacting boson approximation (IBA).: 7  The IBM1/IBM-I model treats both types of nucleons the same

new rating is 2635 + 10×(10.5−9.66) = 2643.4. Elo devised a linear approximation to his full system, negating the need for look-up tables of expected

approximate the interval 3:2⁄5:4, which equals 6:5 Play. In order to make the approximation as good as possible we minimize the mean square deviation. ... We choose

A multiresolution analysis (MRA) or multiscale approximation (MSA) is the design method of most of the practically relevant discrete wavelet transforms

while forming the associated trigonometric series (or its various approximations) is called synthesis. A Fourier series can be written in several equivalent

and algorithms for their exact computation, and less with learning or approximation (particularly in the absence of a mathematical model of the environment)

0-th-order approximation: Spherical surface; max | Δ D error | ∝ D {\displaystyle \max |\Delta D_{\text{error}}|\propto D} higher-order approximations based

quick approximation to the standard normal distribution's cumulative distribution function can be found by using a Taylor series approximation: Φ ( x

equations are often partial differential equations (PDEs). To explain the approximation of this process, FEM is commonly introduced as a special case of the

vocal styles and overall appearance of that group, to make as close an approximation as possible. Others introduce a twist on the original act; for example

various measures to try to increase his security. 54 14 "The Einstein Approximation" Mark Cendrowski Story by : Lee Aronsohn & Dave Goetsch & Steve Holland

Friction sensitivity is an approximation of the amount of friction or rubbing a compound can withstand before prematurely exploding. For instance, nitroglycerin

the conversation, not the thread of the conversation. See also § word approximation. Mitgehen (German: [ˈmɪtˌɡeːən] ) is an extreme form of mitmachen in

Japanese themes and compositions using Western-style techniques and an approximation of oil paints. Some of the chief features that distinguish Akita ranga

Wellington and Ngāti Rānana in London. "Ākarana" is a Māori-language approximation of the name Auckland. Harris, Aroha (11 March 2010). "Ngā tāone nui

exactly nor expressed in closed form, root-finding algorithms provide approximations to zeros. For functions from the real numbers to real numbers or from

standard model, are defined in flat Minkowski space, which is an excellent approximation when it comes to describing the behavior of microscopic particles in

largest chemical simulation on a quantum computer – a Hartree–Fock approximation with Sycamore paired with a classical computer that analyzed results

the wavelength of the scattered light there are simple and accurate approximations that suffice to describe the behavior of the system. But for objects

mathematicians. Sporus criticized Archimedes for not producing a more accurate approximation of π. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Sporus of Nicaea", MacTutor

loanwords that use it or foreign names; it is usually pronounced /ʃ/, an approximation of the Russian pronunciation of the letter, and is often omitted when

theorem, theorems in solid geometry, an improvement on Archimedes's approximation of π, and a systematic method of solving linear equations in several

Among guitar tunings, all-fifths tuning refers to the set of tunings in which each interval between consecutive open strings is a perfect fifth. All-fifths

programming languages. Domain theory formalizes the intuitive ideas of approximation and convergence in a very general way and is closely related to topology

structure of strongly correlated materials. In such materials, the approximation of independent electrons, which is used in density functional theory

temperature of a sample of gas could be obtained which would hold to approximation for all gases. The combination of several empirical gas laws led to

The ji (pronunciation: [tɕì], English approximation: /dʒiː/ jee, Chinese: 戟; pinyin: jǐ) was a Chinese polearm, sometimes translated into English as spear

on time scales of nanoseconds or less. Magnetostatics is even a good approximation when the currents are not static – as long as the currents do not alternate

symbols from this symbol. The greater-than sign is sometimes used for an approximation of the closing angle bracket, ⟩. The proper Unicode character is U+232A

explaining high altitude breathing and cavitation. There are many published approximations for calculating saturated vapor pressure over water and over ice. Some

cases, a simple asymptotic approximation may be preferable. A function g ( n ) {\displaystyle g(n)} is an asymptotic approximation to f ( n ) {\displaystyle

the reconstruction value y k {\displaystyle y_{k}} that is the output approximation of the input value. For the example uniform quantizer described above

emerge as a mean field approximation of underlying microscopic degrees of freedom, similar to the fluid mechanics approximation of Bose–Einstein condensates

96-sided regular polygons. This proposition also contains accurate approximations to the square root of 3 (one larger and one smaller) and other larger

thesis at the Université de Montréal titled The Muisca Calendar: An approximation to the timekeeping system of the ancient native people of the northeastern

courtroom drawings, demonstrative evidence, and postmortem and facial approximation aids. It is rare for a forensic artist to specialize in more than one

no polynomial-time approximation scheme for it unless P = NP. However, it can be approximated to within a constant approximation ratio using semidefinite

body's constantly-changing, perturbed orbit. Mean motion is used as an approximation of the actual orbital speed in making an initial calculation of the

relatively slow. Because of this, it is often used to obtain a rough approximation to a solution which is then used as a starting point for more rapidly

A gun (pronunciation [kwə̂n], English approximation: /ɡuən/ gwən, Chinese: 棍; pinyin: gùn; Jyutping: gwan3; lit. 'rod', 'stick') or bang (Chinese: 棒;

order of increasing oxidation state. The oxidation numbers are only an approximation: When methane is oxidized to carbon dioxide its oxidation number changes

first used by Bernstein in a constructive proof for the Weierstrass approximation theorem. With the advent of computer graphics, Bernstein polynomials

statistics are from the Center for American Progress; and they are only approximations that also include vehicles lost in non-combat-related accidents as of

the trigonometric formula for the addition of two sine waves, and the approximation Δλ ≪ λ: 1 λ ± Δ λ = 1 λ   1 1 ± Δ λ / λ ≈ 1 λ ∓ Δ λ λ 2 . {\displaystyle

any of these relations are only approximately satisfied, or only an approximation of reality. Each method has noteworthy limitations. The method of mechanics

under the Bachelier model can be obtained by an accurate numerical approximation. For an extensive review of the Bachelier model, see the review paper

Fuzzy clustering by Local Approximation of MEmberships (FLAME) is a data clustering algorithm that defines clusters in the dense parts of a dataset and

Jerrum investigated the mixing behaviour of Markov chains to construct approximation algorithms for counting problems such as the computing the permanent

{\textstyle {\frac {97}{56}}} (1.732142857...) can be used as a good approximation. Despite having a denominator of only 56, it differs from the correct

_{k=1}^{N}A_{k}(\omega )f_{k}(t)} for some integer N. Claim. Of all such approximations, the KL approximation is the one that minimizes the total mean square error (provided

needed for the model. A spherical Earth is a well-known historical approximation that is satisfactory for geography, astronomy and many other purposes

for association football (soccer in American English). Fútbol is an approximation of the English word "football" in Spanish phonology; a more literal

including that which bears his name. Newton's method of successive approximation was formalised into an analytic method by Leonhard Euler in 1744, whose

reality, distributed elements but are often represented to a first-order approximation by lumped elements. To account for leakage in capacitors for example

for association football (soccer in American English). Fútbol is an approximation of the English word "football" in Spanish phonology; a more literal

oscillator that ranges from 0 to 100. It is used to show the money flow (an approximation of the dollar value of a day's trading) over several days. The typical

faster. They do this by a number of different mechanisms including the approximation of the reactants, nucleophilic/electrophilic catalysis and acid/base

needed for the model. A spherical Earth is a well-known historical approximation that is satisfactory for geography, astronomy and many other purposes

compressible fluids can be modelled as incompressible flow to a good approximation. The fundamental requirement for incompressible flow is that the density

filter approximation, followed by small support difference operators, may be both faster and more accurate than computing recursive approximations of each

program, instead of using a WYSIWYG editor that always displays an approximation of the final product. It may mean translating the whole or parts of

form part of the Pacific Cordillera mountain system. The name is an approximation of a phrase in the Tahltan language meaning "mountains are hard". List

and requires the use of some form of computing machinery. There is an approximation which is less intimidating, easier to compute and offers some insight

Technically, it is a discrete differentiation operator, computing an approximation of the gradient of the image intensity function. At each point in the

radicals. However, root-finding algorithms may be used to find numerical approximations of the roots of a polynomial expression of any degree. The number of

his unpublished result of 1733, which is the first statement of an approximation to the binomial distribution in terms of what we now call the normal

The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power

regular temperament whose period is an octave and whose generator is an approximation to the 5/4 just major third. In 12-tone equal temperament, three major

function f. The secant method can be thought of as a finite-difference approximation of Newton's method, so it is considered a quasi-Newton method. Historically

simplicity) as an approximation under specific conditions. An example is Newton's laws of motion, which are a highly accurate approximation to special relativity

due to buoyancy. This can be seen by using the ideal gas law as an approximation. The density of dry air can be calculated using the ideal gas law, expressed

gravitational sources, the first order gives the Newtonian approximation of the theory. In this approximation, and for a theory without potential, the metric writes

call with one dividend; see also Black's approximation. Barone-Adesi and Whaley is a further approximation formula. Here, the stochastic differential

Lilywhites" (due to their white strip) or "Clach". Their name is an English approximation of a Scots Gaelic name meaning "the stone of the tub", referring to

fields are defined on the links connecting neighboring sites. This approximation approaches continuum QCD as the spacing between lattice sites is reduced

lattice. In general, the analytic solutions are not available, and the approximations required for manageable numerical calculations do not provide accurate

the path along which light propagates through the system, up to first approximation. For a system composed of simple lenses and mirrors, the axis passes

Sinclair investigated the mixing behaviour of Markov chains to construct approximation algorithms for counting problems such as the computing the permanent

surrounding gas. The Mach number is primarily used to determine the approximation with which a flow can be treated as an incompressible flow. The medium

The Whiting River has its source in the range. The range's name is an approximation of a phrase in the Tahltan language meaning "mountains of small rocks"

off by any finite lens or mirror. However, the Gaussian is a useful approximation to a real-world beam for cases where lenses or mirrors in the beam are

of a ladder (or rainbow), hence the name of this approximation. While in QED the ladder approximation caused problems with crossing symmetry and gauge

cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis based on finding affine approximations to the action of a cipher. Attacks have been developed for block ciphers

fluid dynamics, an approximation whereby the Coriolis parameter, f, is set to vary linearly in space is called a beta plane approximation. On a rotating sphere

2 = 3 x y z + 4 / 9 {\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}=3xyz+4/9} , an approximation of the original Diophantine equation, is equivalent to f ( x ) + f (

description of physical phenomena measured during an EEG using a dipole approximation use neurophysics to better understand neural activity. Another quite

Flow (formerly known as TYPO3 Flow or FLOW3) is a free and open source web application framework written in PHP. The first final version was released on

several complex variables, the Oka–Weil theorem is often used as an approximation theorem for several complex variables. The Behnke–Stein theorem was

This process can be easily observed in experiments and used as a good approximation to many real data. If there is a variation in thickness and compactability

outputs give the detail coefficients (from the high-pass filter) and approximation coefficients (from the low-pass). It is important that the two filters

least p. By inverting this expression above, we find the following approximation n ( p ; H ) ≈ 2 H ln ⁡ 1 1 − p {\displaystyle n(p;H)\approx {\sqrt {2H\ln

function or time series. This value is obtained via an algorithmic approximation so one also talks about the Higuchi method. It has many applications

model, the electron cloud of an atom may be seen as being built up (in approximation) in an electron configuration that is a product of simpler hydrogen-like

Qiang (pronunciation: [tɕʰjáŋ], English approximation: /tʃjɑːŋ/ chyahng, simplified Chinese: 枪; traditional Chinese: 槍; pinyin: qiāng; Jyutping: coeng1)

technical progress for the 28th time Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the

wavefunctions cannot be represented as a Slater determinant. The best Slater approximation to a given fermionic wave function can be defined to be the one that

Naveen Garg's contributions are primarily in the design and analysis of approximation algorithms for NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems arising in

almost linearly from 1.00000 to 1.05946, allowing for a piecewise linear approximation. Thus, although cents represent a logarithmic scale, small intervals

conic approximation, used in estimating the trajectories of bodies moving between the neighbourhoods of different bodies using a two-body approximation, ellipses

separable filter. The difference of Gaussians can be thought of as an approximation of the Mexican hat kernel function used for the Laplacian of the Gaussian

0\leq g(p)<1\qquad p\in \mathbb {P} } and X {\displaystyle X} is an approximation of A 1 ( x ) {\displaystyle A_{1}(x)} and r d ( x ) {\displaystyle r_{d}(x)}

index, and there are several formulae to make this connection. A good approximation can be obtained by considering stars as black bodies, using Ballesteros'

was securely in power by the autumn of 1700. Party strengths are an approximation, with the allegiance of many MPs being unknown. See 1796 British general

center of the Milky Way Galaxy, and the fundamental plane parallel to an approximation of the galactic plane but offset to its north. It uses the right-handed

The book has become a classic work of modern physics. The Born–Huang approximation is named after them. In 1951, Huang returned to China to teach, and

In complex analysis, Runge's theorem (also known as Runge's approximation theorem) is named after the German mathematician Carl Runge who first proved

file descriptor. The double less-than sign, <<, may be used for an approximation of the much-less-than sign (≪) or of the opening guillemet («). ASCII

integer approximation to 2 2 n j / r {\displaystyle 2^{2n}j/r} , which can be divided by 2 2 n {\displaystyle 2^{2n}} to get a decimal approximation for j

linear models that share parameters. They then proposed ReLU as a good approximation to it. Specifically, they began by considering a single binary neuron

In mathematics, the Schwarz lantern is a polyhedral approximation to a cylinder, used as a pathological example of the difficulty of defining the area

In physics, the Newtonian limit is a mathematical approximation applicable to physical systems exhibiting (1) weak gravitation, (2) objects moving slowly

7-limit or septimal tunings and intervals are musical instrument tunings that have a limit of seven: the largest prime factor contained in the interval

cylinder object is a perfect circle. The diameter tape provides an approximation of diameter; most commonly used in dendrometry. Diameter tapes are usually

torus, the corresponding coordinate being denoted by z in the slab approximation or ζ or φ in magnetic coordinates; the poloidal direction is the short

Stokes' calculations, to solve the problem known as Stokes' paradox. His approximation leads to an improvement to Stokes' calculations. The Oseen equations

known as a Margrabe option or an outperformance option. In 1995 Kirk's Approximation, a formula valid when K is small but non-zero, was published. This amounts

V is the maximum volume. The approximation ignores the crimping round the equator of the bag. A very rough approximation to the capacity of a bag that

Semiclassical gravity is an approximation to the theory of quantum gravity in which one treats matter and energy fields as being quantum and the gravitational

original method of construction has not been preserved, but a mathematical approximation has been published. As a polyconic projection, the parallels are arcs

and difficult to calculate for large numbers of trials, a variety of approximations are used to calculate this confidence interval, all with their own tradeoffs

by Julián Carrillo, who preferred the sixteenth-tone (96 EDO) as an approximation to continuous sound in discontinuous scales. The 72 equal temperament

showing: an approximation of the shield shown on the Great Seal of the United States, though the blue chief features thirteen stars; an approximation of the

radius of the inner sphere and R is the radius of the outer sphere. An approximation for the volume of a thin spherical shell is the surface area of the

In physics, the Bethe ansatz is an ansatz for finding the exact wavefunctions of certain quantum many-body models, most commonly for one-dimensional lattice

Northwest Africa and Hispania Baetica. The latifundia were the closest approximation to industrialised agriculture in antiquity, and their economics depended

above, and in longitudinal section. In fact their shape is a good first approximation to an ellipsoid, with legs and other appendages fitting closely into

and difficult to calculate for large numbers of trials, a variety of approximations are used to calculate this confidence interval, all with their own tradeoffs

decomposition into simplicial complexes. After the proof of the simplicial approximation theorem this approach provided rigour. The change of name reflected

In physics, a pseudopotential or effective potential is used as an approximation for the simplified description of complex systems. Applications include

and parades, attended by Americans and Danes. It is a pretty amusing approximation of US celebrations. There is also a small museum called The Lincoln

time, Acta Eruditorum. He also found a famous approximation of π today called Kochański's approximation: 40 3 − 2 3   = 3.14153333870509461863 … {\displaystyle

approximated as log 2 ⁡ x ≈ E + m {\displaystyle \log _{2}x\approx E+m} . This approximation is exact at both ends of the range of mantissas but underestimates the

the equal off-diagonal components of the strain tensor. The linear approximation to the Green-Lagrange strain shows that the small strain tensor is:

to predict the motion of the single remaining mobile object. Such an approximation can give useful results when one object is much more massive than the

behavior and the law holds only approximately, but is still a useful approximation for scientists. The law can be written as: V ∝ n {\displaystyle V\propto

Risala fi Taqrib Usul al-Hisab fi' al-Jabr wa-‘l-Muqabala (Treatise on approximation of principles of arithmetic) Kitab al-Tabaqat fi Sharh al-Misaha (book

algorithm. It allows one to find an approximate eigenvector when an approximation to a corresponding eigenvalue is already known. The method is conceptually

translated from the donor language rather than being adopted in (an approximation of) its original form. They must also be distinguished from cognates

Bioinformatics, is part of ALGO in most years. WAOA, the Workshop on Approximation and Online Algorithms, has been part of ALGO since 2003. ATMOS, the

Metrication in the United States "Council Directive 71/354/EEC: On the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to units of measurement".

Other calculation methods include membrane analogy and shear flow approximation. r is the perpendicular distance between the rotational axis and the

constant approximation of the solution at t = ( n + 1 ) Δ t {\displaystyle {t=(n+1)\Delta t}\,} . Since the piecewise constant approximation is an average

Babylonian clay tablet notable for containing an accurate sexagesimal approximation to the square root of 2, the length of the diagonal of a unit square

characterizes systems in the time domain. In linear systems (or as an approximation to a real system neglecting second order non-linear properties), either

core.[jargon] However, it guarantees 2-approximation of the core,[jargon] which is the optimal approximation ratio that can be achieved by a rule satisfying

towns are smaller than counties, a NECTA usually provides a much closer approximation to the real metropolitan area than a metropolitan statistical area does

Solutions to these problems are generally derived using heuristics and approximation algorithms. However, uniform graph partitioning or a balanced graph

and the sole contributor to the gravitational field. This is a good approximation for a photon passing a star and for a planet orbiting its sun. The motion

function of other geometry in the scene. However, it is a very crude approximation to full global illumination. The appearance achieved by ambient occlusion

comparison with the experimental rate law) is often simplified by using this approximation of the rate-determining step. In principle, the time evolution of the

E_{1}(10)} . However, for positive values of x, there is a divergent series approximation that can be obtained by integrating x e x E 1 ( x ) {\displaystyle xe^{x}E_{1}(x)}

beat and an English-language lyric" that was a "U.S. consumer-friendly approximation" of an Afro-Cuban rumba. Theorist Gustavo Perez Firmat discussed "So

such as the short line approximation (least accurate), the medium line approximation (more accurate), and the long line approximation (most accurate). The

of dry air. The National Weather Service uses the following dry-air approximation to the formula for the density altitude above in its standard: DA NWS

constituencies were contested, 31% of the total. Party strengths are an approximation, with many MPs' allegiances being unknown. See 1796 British general

properties need to be calculated using either numerical techniques or approximation schemes (see e.g. Dyson series). Simple and exact solutions are precluded

to pump the blood back into the arterial system. CVP is often a good approximation of right atrial pressure (RAP), although the two terms are not identical

contributed to the study of critical phenomena (semiclassical Lipatov's approximation), the theory of tunnelling and renormalon contribution to effective

E_{1}(10)} . However, for positive values of x, there is a divergent series approximation that can be obtained by integrating x e x E 1 ( x ) {\displaystyle xe^{x}E_{1}(x)}

stability include exponential stability or stability in terms of first approximation. If there exists an eigenvalue with zero real part then the question

distortion. Masreliez's theorem produces estimates that are quite good approximations to the exact conditional mean in non-Gaussian additive outlier (AO)

The Bulk Richardson Number (BRN) is an approximation of the Gradient Richardson number. The BRN is a dimensionless ratio in meteorology related to the

corresponding to the last two iterative approximations and then uses the line's root as the next approximation at every iteration, by contrast, Muller's

of a test particle often simplifies problems, and can provide a good approximation for physical phenomena. In addition to its uses in the simplification

incomplete or absent in the south (southern Connecticut), with a "cot–caught approximation" in the middle area (primarily, western Massachusetts). Western New

Its value is about 86%, which is the Chambadal-Novikov efficiency, an approximation related to the Carnot limit, based on the temperature of the photons

many purposes, atoms can be modeled as spheres. This is only a crude approximation, but it can provide quantitative explanations and predictions for many

method, ray method, ellipse approximation, infinite-tail approximation, Pearson approximation and Liu-Tang-Zhang approximation. Numerical algorithms and

coincidences are used in engineering when one expression is taken as an approximation of another. A mathematical coincidence often involves an integer, and

the homotopy above: sometimes a good starting point for refining an approximation for the new inverse can be the already obtained inverse of a previous

Technically, it is a discrete differentiation operator, computing an approximation of the gradient of the image intensity function. At each point in the

laterally and forwards, from the soft palate to the side of the tongue. The approximation of the arches due to the contraction of the palatoglossal muscles constricts

problem in celestial mechanics by proving that using a third degree approximation for the disturbing forces implies instability of the major axes of the

zinc. Proportions vary but 88% copper, 8–10% tin, and 2–4% zinc is an approximation. Originally used chiefly for making guns, it has largely been replaced

nominal value represents an accepted condition, which is a goal or an approximation, as opposed to the real value, which is always present. In manufacturing

screen roughly depicts the semantic structure of the page and is only an approximation of the document produced by TeX. Since LyX relies on the typesetting

field at its surface ranges from 25 to 65 μT (0.25 to 0.65 G). As an approximation, it is represented by a field of a magnetic dipole currently tilted

essentially every construction involving circles leads to a different such approximation. The paper of R.C. Gupta is concerned with an interpretation of verses

to find x such that f ( x ) = b . {\displaystyle f(x)=b.} Given an approximation x0 of x, the residual is b − f ( x 0 ) {\displaystyle b-f(x_{0})} that

Mergelyan's theorem is a result from approximation by polynomials in complex analysis proved by the Armenian mathematician Sergei Mergelyan in 1951. Let

increases, since it would help reduce the variance, and thus the Taylor approximation would be applied to a smaller range of the function g at the point of

Semiclassical may refer to: Semiclassical gravity, an approximation to the theory of quantum gravity Semiclassical physics, a theory in which one part