Find link

language:

Find link is a tool written by Edward Betts.

searching for Ionization 153 found (2740 total)

alternate case: ionization

Radiation (6,186 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

with ionization radiation, which requires only single particles to cause ionization. A familiar example of thermal ionization is the flame-ionization of

H I region (474 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

probability, so it requires large amounts of hydrogen gas for it to be seen. At ionization fronts, where HI regions collide with expanding ionized gas (such as an

Electron donor (496 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

identities. The electron donating power of a donor molecule is measured by its ionization potential, which is the energy required to remove an electron from the

Purified water (3,471 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

common contaminants found naturally in water ionize to some degree. This ionization is a good measure of the efficacy of a filtration system, and more expensive

Avalanche diode (632 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

accelerated enough to create ionization in the crystal lattice, producing more carriers, which in turn create more ionization. Because the avalanche breakdown

Photobiology (1,486 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which approximately corresponds to both the first ionization energy of oxygen, and the ionization energy of hydrogen at about 14 eV. When photons come

Inductive effect (1,381 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

donate electrons, leading to the +I effect. Its experimental basis is the ionization constant. It is distinct from and often opposite to the mesomeric effect

Fluorine nitrate (713 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

linked to higher ionization potential due to the centrality of fluorine. This higher ionization potential is indicative of electron ionization of deeper shell

Dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate (439 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

whose first ionization potential is 12.2 eV, led Neil Bartlett to correctly surmise that it might be able to oxidise xenon (first ionization potential 12

Neutron radiation (2,789 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

neutron interaction is ionized and causes more traditional subsequent ionization in other atoms. Because neutrons are uncharged, they are more penetrating

Symbiotic nova (373 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

luminosity increase would then be simply due to time needed for growth of the ionization front in the outburst. It is believed that the white dwarf component of

Westbrook Nebula (685 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ionizing the nebula, and the ionization region is expanding rapidly. The size and rate of growth indicates that ionization began around the year 1971.

Communications blackout (714 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

re-entering the Earth's atmosphere, which are also known as radio blackouts, ionization blackouts, or reentry blackouts, are caused by an envelope of ionized

Joule per mole (467 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

order of 10 kJ·mol−1, bond energies are of the order of 100 kJ·mol−1, and ionization energies of the order of 1000 kJ·mol−1. For this reason, it is common

NGC 4293 (702 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

optical spectrum is dominated by emission lines from gases in low energy ionization states. The activity may be the result of a supermassive black hole (SMBH)

Electrodeless plasma thruster (600 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

engine commercialized under the acronym "E-IMPAcT" for "Electrodeless-Ionization Magnetized Ponderomotive Acceleration Thruster". It was created by Gregory

NGC 6826 (222 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

are the two bright patches on either side, which are known as Fast Low-Ionization Emission Regions, or FLIERS. They appear to be relatively young, moving

NGC 4178 (851 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

side. In the mid-infrared range, the spectrum shows indications of high ionization levels usually associated with an active galactic nucleus. However, optical

Spectroscopic notation (638 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

atomic ionization states, atomic orbitals, and molecular orbitals. Spectroscopists customarily refer to the spectrum arising from a given ionization state

Hanny's Voorwerp (2,263 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for Hanny's object) is a type of astronomical object called a quasar ionization echo. It was discovered in 2007 by Dutch schoolteacher Hanny van Arkel

Spectroscopic notation (638 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

atomic ionization states, atomic orbitals, and molecular orbitals. Spectroscopists customarily refer to the spectrum arising from a given ionization state

NGC 7252 (776 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

titled "The [O III] Nebula of the Merger Remnant NGC 7252: A Likely Faint Ionization Echo". This reports the finding of a Voorwerpje on the outskirts of the

Solvent dye (165 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

molecules are typically nonpolar or little polar, and they do not undergo ionization. They are insoluble in water. They form a colloidal solution in solvents

NGC 7662 (635 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

jet-like structure are visible, which display emission lines and low ionization. Based on the expansion rate, the estimated age of the nebula is 3,080 years

NGC 2867 (629 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dredge-up. The category of central star has excited a very high degree of ionization in the nebula. The shape of the nebula appears somewhat elongated, which

Atmospheric physics (1,848 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

concerning the upper layers of the atmosphere, where dissociation and ionization are important. Remote sensing is the small or large-scale acquisition

Holographic Lexan Bubble Chamber (172 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

enters into a superheated, metastable phase. Charged particles create an ionization track, around which the liquid vaporizes, forming microscopic bubbles

Effective nuclear charge (1,204 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

configuration. Consider the behavior of ionization energies in the periodic table. It is known that the magnitude of ionization potential depends upon the following

Plasma arc welding (2,292 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

atoms. The degree of ionization may be between 1% and greater than 100% (possible with double and triple degrees of ionization). Such states exist as

Free-energy relationship (774 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The Brønsted catalysis equation describes the relationship between the ionization constant of a series of catalysts and the reaction rate constant for a

GLAST (tokamak) (1,192 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

shaping. The evolution of electron cyclotron heating (ECH)-assisted pre-ionization and subsequent current formation phases in one shot are well envisioned

NGC 5189 (509 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

imaging analysis showed that this S shape structure is indeed two dense low-ionization regions: one moving toward the north-east and another one moving toward

Roentgen (unit) (2,875 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

protection, as it was then the most easily replicated method of measuring air ionization by using ion chambers. It is named after the German physicist Wilhelm

Gas torus (300 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

famous example of this is the Io plasma torus, which is produced by the ionization of roughly 1 ton per second of oxygen and sulfur from the tenuous atmosphere

NGC 2080 (461 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

it green. The rest of the nebula's outskirts have a red hue due to the ionization of hydrogen. Because both hydrogen and oxygen are ionized in the central

Volume of distribution (1,132 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

terms, drugs with a high lipid solubility (non-polar drugs), low rates of ionization, or low plasma protein binding capabilities have higher volumes of distribution

DIAC (764 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

gate terminal. When breakdown occurs, internal positive feedback (impact ionization or two transistor feedback) ensures that the diode enters a region of

LExan Bubble Chamber (416 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

enters into a superheated, metastable phase. Charged particles create an ionization track, around which the liquid vaporizes, forming microscopic bubbles

NGC 1850 (691 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the rest in a redder (cooler) population. The cluster is embedded in an ionization region designated Henize 103. The much younger subcluster, often designated

Michał Gryziński (1,019 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

extensions of Gryziński's model have been applied to atom-electron impact ionization. The fourth paper in 1965 replaced the empirical velocity distribution

Jo Ann Joselyn (576 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Mathematics. Her thesis at CU Boulder was titled "Elemental Composition and Ionization State of the Solar Atmosphere and Solar Wind." From 1968 to 1999, she

Dissociation (chemistry) (1,309 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

variously named a dissociation constant, an acid ionization constant,: 668 an acidity constant or an ionization constant.: 708 It serves as an indicator of

Sh 2-279 (1,062 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Telescope in 2012. The object showed a bent protostellar jet and a possible ionization front facing 42 Orionis, suggesting it is a proplyd. In 2016 a group of

Particle-induced X-ray emission (1,434 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(usually MeV protons) produced by an ion accelerator, will cause inner shell ionization of atoms in a specimen. Outer shell electrons drop down to replace inner

Rydberg molecule (888 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

from the ionic core. Each Rydberg series of energies converges on an ionization energy threshold associated with a particular ionic core configuration

Photofragment-ion imaging (2,792 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

positions of state-selected ions created by resonantly enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI). The first experiment using photofragment ion imaging was performed

Modern valence bond theory (2,715 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

theorem, one can predict that there would be two distinct peaks in the ionization spectrum of methane. Those would be by exciting an electron from the t2

ARGOS (satellite) (3,171 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

photo-ionization in darkness; ionization processes competing with CIV are absent. Neutral density, ambient magnetic field, and seed ionization effects

Photofission (531 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in the presence of an intense background of x-rays by a differential ionization chamber and linear amplifier, the substance investigated being coated

MALDI imaging (2,217 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization as a mass spectrometry imaging technique in which the sample, often a

Glutamic acid (3,308 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

second proton dissociation processes of nine α-amino-acids and the third ionization processes of glutamic acid, aspartic acid and tyrosine". Thermochimica

Kappa–mechanism (529 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

is in RR Lyrae variables where the partial second ionization of helium occurs. Hydrogen ionization is most likely the cause of pulsation activity in Mira

SN1 reaction (1,970 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mechanism. This type of mechanism involves two steps. The first step is the ionization of alkyl halide in the presence of aqueous acetone or ethyl alcohol. This

NGC 2346 (658 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

density of the nebula is on the order of 400 per cubic centimeter. The ionization of the nebula is the result of ultraviolet emission from the binary companion

Berne Infinitesimal Bubble Chamber (329 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

enters into a superheated, metastable phase. Charged particles create an ionization track, around which the liquid vaporizes, forming microscopic bubbles

Plasma afterglow (1,336 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

afterglow) is the radiation emitted from a plasma after the source of ionization is removed. The external electromagnetic fields that sustained the plasma

Hall-effect thruster (4,305 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

propellant for Hall thrusters. Xenon has an ionization potential of 12.1298 eV, while krypton has an ionization potential of 13.996 eV. This means that thrusters

V445 Puppis (769 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

along with an enrichment of helium and carbon, and a higher level of ionization, suggested that it was the first observed instance of a helium nova. This

Reversed-phase chromatography (3,411 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

such as buffers, affect the pH of the mobile phase, which affect the ionization state of the solutes and their polarity. In order to retain the organic

Thermionic converter (1,445 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

electrode work functions and provide an ion supply (by surface ionization or electron impact ionization in a plasma) to neutralize the electron space charge. From

NGC 6302 (1,227 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

similar to an hourglass. This bipolar structure shows features such as ionization walls, knots and sharp edges to the lobes. As it is included in the New

Radioanalytical chemistry (1,404 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

principle of Semiconductor detectors is similar to gas ionization detectors: except that instead of ionization of gas atoms, free electrons and holes are produced

Messier 63 (1,236 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

M63 is a weakly active galaxy with a LINER nucleus – short for 'low-ionization nuclear emission-line region'. This displays as an unresolved source at

Dioxygenyl (932 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

bond order is considered to be 2⁠1/2⁠. Relative to most molecules, this ionization energy is very high at 1175 kJ/mol. As a result, the scope of the chemistry

Electron configuration (6,206 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

order 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, ...; however the successive stages of ionization of a given atom (such as Fe4+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Fe+, Fe) usually follow the

Paul Corkum (1,283 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for his work on laser science. In the 1980s he developed a model of the ionization of atoms (i.e. plasma production) and on this basis proposed a new approach

Cloud chamber (1,717 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

environment. As energetic charged particles pass through the gas they leave ionization trails. The alcohol vapor condenses around gaseous ion trails left behind

William Cecil Dampier (590 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Solutions of Acetates'; 'On the Velocities of the Ions and the Relative Ionization Powers of Solvents'; 'The Velocity of the Ions'; 'The Ionizing Power of

Magnesium argide (1,789 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

spectrometry and in the study of the field around the magnesium ion. The ionization potential of magnesium is lower than the first excitation state of argon

Potassium tert-butoxide (703 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

compound is often depicted as a salt, and it often behaves as such, but its ionization depends on the solvent. Potassium t-butoxide is commercially available

Inductively coupled plasma (879 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of many elements, and in addition, for about 60 elements the degree of ionization in the torch exceeds 90%. The ICP torch consumes c. 1250–1550 W of power

Jnan Chandra Ghosh (1,612 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

development of anomaly of strong electrolytes and the dissociation - ionization theory. Ghosh's other important contributions include his extensive study

Rydberg constant (2,087 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

energy of the photon whose wavenumber is the Rydberg constant, i.e. the ionization energy of the hydrogen atom in a simplified Bohr model.[citation needed]

Helium hydride ion (2,993 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Retrieved 22 December 2019. Hogness, T. R.; Lunn, E. G. (1925). "The Ionization of Hydrogen by Electron Impact as Interpreted by Positive Ray Analysis"

Journal of Mass Spectrometry (150 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

aspects of mass spectrometry including instrument design and development, ionization processes, mechanisms and energetics of gaseous ion reactions, spectroscopy

Trigatron (625 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

flashtube based photoflash, where the trigger transformer provides the ionization in the tube and the tube functions simultaneously as the light source

IMPATT diode (1,323 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

An IMPATT diode (impact ionization avalanche transit-time diode) is a form of high-power semiconductor diode used in high-frequency microwave electronics

30 cm Bubble Chamber (CERN) (555 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

enters into a superheated, metastable phase. Charged particles create an ionization track, around which the liquid vaporizes, forming microscopic bubbles

Sulfanyl (1,965 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

S H2S2 + HS• -> HS–S• + H2S The hydrogen disulfide is well known. The ionization energy of HS is 10.4219 eV. The reduction potential to go to HS− is 0

F region (706 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The F region of the ionosphere is home to the F layer of ionization, also called the Appleton–Barnett layer, after the English physicist Edward Appleton

Primeval Structure Telescope (410 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

stars ionized the gas around them, which produced a specific pattern of ionization. PasT detects the brightness of the 21 cm hydrogen line at redshift from

30 cm Bubble Chamber (CERN) (555 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

enters into a superheated, metastable phase. Charged particles create an ionization track, around which the liquid vaporizes, forming microscopic bubbles

Dual segmented Langmuir probe (527 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

especially in the equatorial region possess several phenomena such equatorial ionization anomaly or ionospheric perturbations in auroral and cusp regions. The

Enriched Xenon Observatory (1,543 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

photodiodes, providing the event time. A large electric field drives ionization electrons to wires for collection. The time between the light and first

Robert Gomer (382 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

scientist known for his research on field electron emission and field ionization, and his role as an adviser to the United States government. He was educated

Sarah Trimpin (170 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in the formation of a company (MSTM, LLC) which aims to bring advanced ionization methods to industry. Her work has been recognized by the American Society

Harpoon reaction (679 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle \Delta E_{0}=E_{i}-E_{ea}} , where E i {\displaystyle E_{i}} is the ionization potential of the metal and E e a {\displaystyle E_{ea}} is the electron

MARIACHI (456 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

MARIACHI, the Mixed Apparatus for Radar Investigation of Cosmic-rays of High Ionization, is an apparatus for the detection of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR)

Explorer 7 (1,812 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cosmic-ray Geiger counter was located on the very top. A primary cosmic-ray ionization chamber was located within the center portion of the upper cone. Communications

Atomic vapor laser isotope separation (1,150 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

tuned lasers are used to separate isotopes of uranium using selective ionization of hyperfine transitions. A similar technology, using molecules instead

NGC 178 (443 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Constraints on the Escape of Ionizing Photons from Starburst Galaxies Using Ionization-Parameter Mapping". The Astrophysical Journal. 779 (1): 76. arXiv:1311

Debashis Mukherjee (1,545 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

energetics and cross-sections of a vast range of molecular excitations and ionization. A long-standing problem of guaranteeing proper scaling of energy for

Adenine (1,024 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

physicists reported that adenine has an "unexpectedly variable range of ionization energies along its reaction pathways" which suggested that "understanding

Alpha decay (2,542 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

has a high linear energy transfer (LET) coefficient, which is about one ionization of a molecule/atom for every angstrom of travel by the alpha particle

Iknife (1,678 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

desorption ionisation methods (secondary ionization mass spectrometry - SIMS, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization - MALDI) a release said. Using these

Pattern formation (1,824 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

regular or random character. Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction Liesegang rings Ionization waves When a planar body of fluid under the influence of gravity is heated

Philip H. Bucksbaum (1,926 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1985 he turned to the study of strong-field ionization of atoms. His early work on above threshold ionization of atoms established the role of ponderomotive

Acetone peroxide (3,783 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

peroxide explosives by desorption electrospray ionization and desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization". Analytical Chemistry. 80 (5): 1512–9. doi:10

Nitrogen–phosphorus detector (242 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of flame thermionic detector (FTD), the other being the alkali flame-ionization detector (AFID also known as AFD). With this method, nitrogen and phosphorus

Alkalide (603 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

are of theoretical interest due to their unusual stoichiometry and low ionization potentials. Alkalide compounds are chemically related to the electrides

Fano noise (343 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distance from the expected value), showing there is an interaction between ionization acts. A Fano factor was introduced to describe it, and the factor is almost

Mixed oxide (342 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

perovskite and garnet.The cations may be the same element in different ionization states: a notable example is magnetite Fe3O4, which is also known as ferrosoferric

Spark plug (5,597 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Direct Ignition when they are not firing, spark plugs are used to measure ionization in the cylinders – this ionic current measurement is used to replace the

Sprite (lightning) (2,186 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

clusters of small, decameter scale, (10–100 m or 33–328 ft) balls of ionization that are launched at an altitude of about 80 km (50 mi) and then move

Michael L. Gross (chemist) (1,257 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

his coworkers and he sequenced the first unknown peptide using soft ionization and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). They also discovered a new class

Ionized impurity scattering (217 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ionized impurity scattering is the scattering of charge carriers by ionization in the lattice. The most primitive models can be conceptually understood

Asteroseismology (2,290 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Cepheid pulsations are excited by the kappa mechanism acting on the second ionization zone of helium. RR Lyrae stars are similar to Cepheid variables but of

Hydrogen-alpha (856 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ionize the hydrogen atom (13.6 eV), ionization is far more probable than excitation to the n = 3 level. After ionization, the electron and proton recombine

SuperDARN (1,402 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and substorms, magnetospheric MHD waves, mesospheric winds via meteor ionization trails, and interhemispheric plasma convection asymmetries. The SuperDARN

Vanguard 3 (2,065 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

two identical ionization chambers sensitive to X-ray wavelengths produced in solar flares (2 to 8 Å, or 200 to 800 pm). The ionization chambers were located

Bragg peak (1,004 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

alpha particles from radium, and wrote the first empirical formula for ionization energy loss per distance with Richard Kleeman. When a fast charged particle

Azanide (277 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

anion NH−2 is the conjugate base of ammonia, so it is formed by the self-ionization of ammonia. It is produced by deprotonation of ammonia, usually with strong

Electric arc (3,666 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

by the arc itself. An arc between two electrodes can be initiated by ionization and glow discharge, when the current through the electrodes is increased

Cetrimonium bromide (2,455 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

75–120 (depending on method of determination; average ~95) and degree of ionization, α = 0.2–0.1 (fractional charge; from low to high concentration). The

Mesomeric effect (1,144 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

substituent group. The mesomeric effect is stronger in compounds with a lower ionization potential. This is because the electron transfer states will have lower

Aleksandr Chudakov (322 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cosmic-ray physics, known for Chudakov Effect, the effect of decreasing ionization losses for narrow electron-positron pairs and for experimentally confirming

Field-emission electric propulsion (1,620 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

propulsion (FEEP) is an electrostatic propulsion method based on field ionization of a liquid metal, and subsequent acceleration of the ions by a strong

Dihydrostilbenoid (572 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of bis(bibenzyls) in bryophytes using electron ionization time-of-flight and electrospray ionization triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry". Rapid Communications

Radiation exposure (3,909 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Radiation exposure is a measure of the ionization of air due to ionizing radiation from photons. It is defined as the electric charge freed by such radiation

Leaving group (2,527 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the first step of an SN1/E1 reaction with an anionic leaving group (ionization), while keeping in mind that this concept can be generalized to all reactions

Coomber's relationship (167 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle N} is equal to the number of molecules I {\displaystyle I} is the ionization potential of the liquid b ( T ) {\displaystyle b(T)} is a temperature

Acetylenedicarboxylic acid (865 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

consists only of carbon and oxygen, making it an oxocarbon anion. Partial ionization yields the monovalent hydrogen acetylenedicarboxylate anion HC4O−4. The

Methyl radical (786 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

oxidant or a strong reductant, and is quite corrosive to metals. Its first ionization potential (yielding the methenium ion, CH+ 3) is 9.837±0.005 eV. The carbon

Shielding gas (2,278 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

their density relative to air, and the ease with which they undergo ionization. Gases heavier than air (e.g. argon) blanket the weld and require lower

Fanny Gates (1,683 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

materials, determining that radioactivity could not be destroyed by heat or ionization due to chemical reactions, and that radioactive materials differ from

NGC 2467 (906 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

concentrated distribution of these objects spatially correlated with the ionization fronts provides evidence for triggered star formation. The newly forming

Phosphorous acid (1,106 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Phosphorous and Phosphonic Acids and their Ethyl Esters, and p Ka Values for Ionization of the P—H Bond in Phosphonic Acid and Phosphonic Esters". Canadian Journal

Astragalus mongholicus (616 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

spp. Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry". Phytochemical Analysis. 18 (5): 419–427. Bibcode:2007PChAn

Atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion (1,793 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

thrusters operating in low Earth orbit, where ambient gas enters the ionization chamber at high velocities. Buford Ray Conley provided a generalization

API (disambiguation) (466 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

type of armor-piercing shot and shell Atmospheric pressure ionization, a type of ionization in mass spectrometry Apnea–hypopnea index, an index used to

Distonic ion (795 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

electron are in the same location. These molecular species are created by ionization of either zwitterions or diradicals; ultimately, a neutral molecule loses

Semiconductor detector (1,923 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

also very good, and is dependent upon rise time. Compared with gaseous ionization detectors, the density of a semiconductor detector is very high, and charged

METLIN (1,187 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

standards at multiple collision energies and in both positive and negative ionization modes. METLIN serves as a data management system to assist in metabolite

High-power impulse magnetron sputtering (2,630 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

gas dissociation which result in high density of deposited films. The ionization and dissociation degree increase according to the peak cathode power.

Bechgaard salt (279 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

conjugated heterocycles with a number of properties, including planarity, low ionization potential and good orbital overlap between heteroatoms in neighboring

Sporadic E propagation (2,171 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

15 MHz. Sporadic E propagation reflects signals off relatively small ionization patches in the lower E region located at altitudes of about 95–120 km

Xenon hexafluoroplatinate (534 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

O+ 2[PtF6]−. Bartlett noticed that the ionization energy for O2 (1175 kJ mol−1) was very close to the ionization energy for Xe (1170 kJ mol−1). He then

F-center (2,789 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

move ions and therefore not capable of generating F centers. b) Single ionization. This corresponds to separating an electron from a halide ion; the energy

Protonated hydrogen cyanide (1,190 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(2008). "Simultaneous Determination of the Cosmic Ray Ionization Rate and Fractional Ionization in DR 21(OH)". The Astrophysical Journal. 684 (2): 1221–1227

Pyridinium (383 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Williams, Forrest V. (1953). "Rates of Ionization of Pseudo Acids.1V. Steric Effects in the Base-catalyzed Ionization of Nitroethane". Journal of the American

NGC 2438 (538 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1365-2966.2008.13899.x. S2CID 15207860. Öttl, S.; et al. (May 2014). "Ionization structure of multiple-shell planetary nebulae. I. NGC 2438". Astronomy

Gaseous detection device (3,766 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which is sufficient to collect the ionization current created by whatever sources. This is much the same as an ionization chamber in particle physics. The

Light echo (2,226 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1093/mnras/stv343. Schirmer, M.; et al. (2016). "About AGN ionization echoes, thermal echoes, and ionization deficits in low redshift Lyman-alpha blobs". Monthly

Werner Kolhörster (345 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

balloon to an altitude of 9 km, where he confirmed Hess' result that the ionization rate from cosmic rays was greater at that altitude than at sea level.

Peter Nemes (1,711 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the formation of amino acid clusters in the gas phase upon electrospray ionization,1 such as the magic serine clusters that preferentially incorporate amino

Brønsted catalysis equation (305 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

logarithm of the reaction rate constant k versus the logarithm of the ionization constant Ka for a series of acids (for example a group of substituted

Kinematically complete experiment (872 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for processes leading to three collision products, like e.g. single ionization of the target atom, then two particles need to be momentum-analyzed (for

Charged particle (243 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

radiation" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-10-11. "Specific Ionization & LET". www.mun.ca. Retrieved 2016-06-21. "α입자와 물질과의 상호작용". Radiation

Metallocarbohedryne (1,980 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

attracted interest because of their stability and symmetry, a relatively low ionization potential, delayed extraction, and possibly interesting magnetic properties

SuWt 2 (186 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Parker, Q. A.; Ercolano, B. (2013). "Observations and three-dimensional ionization structure of the planetary nebula SuWt 2". Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 434

NEXT (ion thruster) (852 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

launched in 2021. Glenn Research Center manufactured the test engine's core ionization chamber, and Aerojet Rocketdyne designed and built the ion acceleration

Auger therapy (1,447 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

electrons with energies at 12–18 eV in water (including the effect of water ionization at approximately 10 eV), an estimate of 106 Gy is probably sufficiently

Internal standard (1,706 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

spectrometry (LC-MS) depends on the employed ionization method. The internal standard needs a comparable ionization response and fragmentation pattern to the