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Interaction picture (2,324 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

{e} ^{\pm \mathrm {i} H_{0,{\text{S}}}t/\hbar }} by the corresponding time-evolution operator in the definitions below. Let | ψ S ( t ) ⟩ = e − i H S t /

Quantum mechanics (12,153 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

U(t)=e^{-iHt/\hbar }} is known as the time-evolution operator, and has the crucial property that it is unitary. This time evolution is deterministic in the sense

Unitarity (physics) (1,228 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

physics, unitarity is (or a unitary process has) the condition that the time evolution of a quantum state according to the Schrödinger equation is mathematically

Classical limit (1,511 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

is to consider the time-evolution of the expected position and expected momentum, which can then be compared to the time-evolution of the ordinary position

Outline of evolution (4,486 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

reptiles through geologic time Evolution of brachiopods – The origin and diversification of brachiopods through geologic time Evolution of cephalopods – Origin

Density matrix (5,446 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle G(t)} is the wavefunction propagator over some interval, then the time evolution of the density matrix over that same interval is given by ρ ( t ) =

Conservative system (1,770 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

present case, instead of focusing on the time evolution of discrete points, one shifts attention to the time evolution of collections of points. One such example

Heisenberg picture (2,152 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

U(t)=Te^{-{\frac {i}{\hbar }}\int _{0}^{t}dsH_{\rm {S}}(s)}} is the time-evolution operator induced by a Hamiltonian H S ( t ) {\displaystyle H_{\rm {S}}(t)}

Earth system science (2,184 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

subsystems fluxes and processes, the resulting spatial organization and time evolution of these systems, and their variability, stability and instability.

Quantum channel (4,449 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Frobenius algebra or Frobenius category. For a purely quantum system, the time evolution, at certain time t, is given by ρ → U ρ U ∗ , {\displaystyle \rho \rightarrow

Poisson bracket (4,029 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

a central role in Hamilton's equations of motion, which govern the time evolution of a Hamiltonian dynamical system. The Poisson bracket also distinguishes

Rate-determining step (1,736 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

this approximation of the rate-determining step. In principle, the time evolution of the reactant and product concentrations can be determined from the

Wigner quasiprobability distribution (5,290 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Koopman and John von Neumann: the time evolution of the Wigner function approaches, in the limit ħ → 0, the time evolution of the Koopman–von Neumann wavefunction

Wave packet (5,960 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

p;0).\end{aligned}}} The three equalities demonstrate three facts: Time-evolution is equivalent to a translation in phase-space by ( B 3 t 2 , B 3 t )

Inverse scattering transform (2,604 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

scattering transform), the scattering data evolves forward in time (time evolution), and the scattering data reconstructs the solution forward in time

Space-oblique Mercator projection (671 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

generalization of the oblique Mercator projection that incorporates the time evolution of a given satellite ground track to optimize its representation on

Spontaneous process (867 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

any external input to the system. A more technical definition is the time-evolution of a system in which it releases free energy and it moves to a lower

Born rule (2,256 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

where one considers the time evolution of a density matrix, proper normalization is ensured by requiring that the time evolution is a trace-preserving,

Phase vocoder (941 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

domain representation into the time domain by the inverse STFT. The time evolution of the resynthesized sound can be changed by means of modifying the

Vlasov equation (2,505 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

physics, the Vlasov equation is a differential equation describing time evolution of the distribution function of collisionless plasma consisting of charged

Time reversibility (1,062 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

between the time-reversed evolution of any one state and the forward-time evolution of another corresponding state, given by the operator equation: U −

Dirac sea (2,014 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

experimental discovery in 1932. In hole theory, the solutions with negative time evolution factors[clarification needed] are reinterpreted as representing the

Evolution (radio network) (718 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

launching of the similar-formatted Channel Q platform. At the same time, Evolution 101.7 has since stopped broadcasting and it moved Evolution's flagship

Von Neumann entropy (5,061 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Holevo's theorem, an important result in quantum information theory. The time evolution of an isolated system is described by a unitary operator: ρ → U ρ U

Wandering set (943 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

understood: if a portion of the phase space "wanders away" during normal time-evolution of the system, and is never visited again, then the system is dissipative

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics (6,336 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Bibcode:1928MNRAS..88..493M. doi:10.1093/mnras/88.6.493. Grandy, W.T. Jr. (2004). "Time Evolution in Macroscopic Systems. I. Equations of Motion". Foundations of Physics

ADM formalism (2,392 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the spacetime metric in terms of a lapse function that represents the time evolution between hypersurfaces, and a shift vector that represents spatial coordinate

M103 heavy tank (2,135 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

during the Cold War. Introduced in 1957, it served until 1974, by which time evolution of the concept of a main battle tank considered heavy tanks obsolete

Dynamical pictures (3,911 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

=U(t_{0},t_{0})|\psi (t_{0})\rangle .} Time evolution from t0 to t may be viewed as a two-step time evolution, first from t0 to an intermediate time t1

Science Mission Directorate (510 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

around nearby stars. An understanding of the origin of life and the time evolution of the atmosphere on Earth may reveal likely signatures of life on extrasolar

BBGKY hierarchy (1,553 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Boltzmann–Grad limit. Schematically, the Liouville equation gives us the time evolution for the whole N {\displaystyle N} -particle system in the form D f N

Infiltration (gamer) (1,410 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article

from Seoul, South Korea, specializing in fighting games. Lee is a six-time Evolution Championship Series (EVO) champion; winning Super Street Fighter IV

Field equation (1,303 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which determines the dynamics of a physical field, specifically the time evolution and spatial distribution of the field. The solutions to the equation

Wigner's friend (4,516 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in the Copenhagen interpretation: the deterministic and continuous time evolution of the state of a closed system and the nondeterministic, discontinuous

Nonlinear Schrödinger equation (3,272 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Unlike the linear Schrödinger equation, the NLSE never describes the time evolution of a quantum state.[citation needed] The 1D NLSE is an example of an

Stochastic differential equation (5,634 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

equation or the Fokker–Planck equation, an equation describing the time evolution of probability distribution functions. The generalization of the Fokker–Planck

Black hole information paradox (8,917 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

obtained from the wavefunction at t1 and vice versa. The reversibility of time evolution described above applies only at the microscopic level, since the wavefunction

Wick rotation (1,489 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

constant. In quantum mechanics, the transformation exp(−itH/ħ) describes time evolution, where H is an operator describing the energy (the Hamiltonian) and

Closed system (924 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

∈ H at time t, where H denotes the Hilbert space of the system, the time evolution of this state (between two consecutive measurements). i ℏ ∂ ∂ t Ψ (

Open quantum system (2,808 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

entanglement, the state of the subsystem is not pure. In general, the time evolution of closed quantum systems is described by unitary operators acting on

Canonical quantization (4,736 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

observables are constructed as operators on the Hilbert space, and the time-evolution of the operators is governed by the Hamiltonian, which must be a positive

Quantum process (207 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

quantum process is a somewhat ambiguous term which usually refers to the time evolution of an (open) quantum system. Under very general assumptions, a quantum

Landau–Lifshitz model (570 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and Evgeny Lifshitz, is a partial differential equation describing time evolution of magnetism in solids, depending on 1 time variable and 1, 2, or 3

Correlation function (statistical mechanics) (3,959 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

later times, τ {\displaystyle \tau } . In this case, we neglect the time evolution of the system, so the above definition is re-written with τ = 0 {\displaystyle

Dynamical system (7,094 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Φ, is then defined to be a dynamical system. The map Φ embodies the time evolution of the dynamical system. Thus, for discrete dynamical systems the iterates

Liouville's theorem (Hamiltonian) (4,046 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

including stochastic systems. The Liouville equation describes the time evolution of the phase space distribution function. Although the equation is usually

Lagrangian mechanics (14,700 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(specifically, a maximum, minimum, or saddle point) throughout the time evolution of the system. This constraint allows the calculation of the equations

Distribution function (physics) (613 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

equilibrium. The mathematical analogue of a distribution is a measure; the time evolution of a measure on a phase space is the topic of study in dynamical systems

Mixing (mathematics) (4,728 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

and set complements; these can always be taken to be measurable. The time evolution of the system is described by a map T : X → X {\displaystyle T:X\to

Two-state quantum system (6,603 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

\mathbf {U} (t)} is called the time evolution matrix (which comprises the matrix elements of the corresponding time evolution operator U ( t ) {\displaystyle

Measurement in quantum mechanics (8,320 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

_{E}=\sum _{i}p_{i}|\psi _{i}\rangle \langle \psi _{i}|.} Expressing time evolution for a duration t {\displaystyle t} by the unitary operator U = e − i

List of equations in quantum mechanics (622 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

}}[{\hat {H}},{\hat {A}}(t)]+{\frac {\partial {\hat {A}}(t)}{\partial t}}} Time evolution in Heisenberg picture (Ehrenfest theorem) m = mass, V = potential energy

Path integral formulation (14,277 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

square the time-evolution operator in the S representation: e i ε S , {\displaystyle e^{i\varepsilon S},} and this gives the time-evolution operator between

Wormhole (6,888 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"world tube" (the time evolution of a closed surface) that cannot be continuously deformed (shrunk) to a world line (the time evolution of a point or observer)

Spontaneous emission (3,200 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

| b ( t ) | 2 {\displaystyle |b(t)|^{2}} ), one needs to solve the time evolution of the wavefunction with an appropriate Hamiltonian. To solve for the

Electroencephalography (15,926 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

diagnosis. EEG can detect the onset and spatio-temporal (location and time) evolution of seizures and the presence of status epilepticus. It is also used

Quantum dynamics (564 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Hamiltonian, also known as the total energy. Therefore, to anticipate the time evolution of the system, one only needs to determine the initial condition of

Molecular dynamics (10,318 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

is known today as the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. Interest in the time evolution of N-body systems dates much earlier to the seventeenth century, beginning

Transformation theory (quantum mechanics) (248 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

"moves" between "positions" or "orientations" in its Hilbert space. Time evolution, quantum transitions, and symmetry transformations in quantum mechanics

Quantum revival (1,039 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

recurrence of the quantum wave function from its original form during the time evolution either many times in space as the multiple scaled fractions in the form

Mejillones Metamorphic Complex (111 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Calderón, M.; Massonne, H.-J.; Hervé, Francisco; Theye, T. (2017). "P–T–time evolution of the Mejillones Metamorphic Complex: Insights into Late Triassic to

Koopman–von Neumann classical mechanics (4,651 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mathematical framework. In fact, the time evolution of the Wigner function approaches, in the classical limit, the time evolution of the KvN wavefunction of a

No-cloning theorem (2,338 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

could control the Hamiltonian of the combined system, and thus the time-evolution operator U(t), e.g. for a time-independent Hamiltonian, U ( t ) = e

Ergodicity (8,944 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

complements of open sets; these can always be taken to be measurable. The time evolution of the system is described by a map T : X → X {\displaystyle T:X\to

Linux on embedded systems (1,115 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Linux embedded Real Time Evolution

Kinetic Monte Carlo (3,037 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

is a Monte Carlo method computer simulation intended to simulate the time evolution of some processes occurring in nature. Typically these are processes

Step response (3,782 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

step response of a system in a given initial state consists of the time evolution of its outputs when its control inputs are Heaviside step functions

Symplectic manifold (3,674 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

system. In the same way the Hamilton equations allow one to derive the time evolution of a system from a set of differential equations, the symplectic form

Symmetry in quantum mechanics (7,898 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Symmetries in quantum mechanics describe features of spacetime and particles which are unchanged under some transformation, in the context of quantum mechanics

Joseph Liouville (696 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

eigenfunctions, and the fact (also known as Liouville's theorem) that time evolution is measure preserving for a Hamiltonian system. In Hamiltonian dynamics

Slitless spectroscopy (317 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for astronomical surveys and in fields, such as solar physics, where time evolution is important. Both types of application benefit from higher speed operation

Brownian motion (7,142 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

realistic situation. The diffusion equation yields an approximation of the time evolution of the probability density function associated with the position of

Heisenberg–Langevin equations (95 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the time evolution of a quantum system is the operators themselves. The solution to the Heisenberg equation of motion determines the subsequent time evolution

Rabi cycle (2,365 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

use the standard prescription of Schrödinger time evolution in quantum mechanics, where the time evolution operator is U ( t ) = e − i H t / ℏ {\displaystyle

Quantum decoherence (10,531 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

probability—be rapidly separated from each other by their natural unitary time evolution along their own independent paths. After a very short interaction, there

Dissipation (911 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Dissipative system, a system that loses energy in the course of its time evolution." Benenson, W.; Harris, J. W.; Stocker, H.; Lutz, H. (2002). "6.1.3"

Scientific law (5,675 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Boltzmann equation Carnot's theorem Kopp's law Maxwell's equations give the time-evolution of the electric and magnetic fields due to electric charge and current

Allen–Cahn equation (857 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

systems, including order-disorder transitions. The equation describes the time evolution of a scalar-valued state variable η {\displaystyle \eta } on a domain

International Standard Atmosphere (1,579 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Environment Technologies taking into account realistic solar irradiances and time evolution of geomagnetic storms. It is most useful for calculating satellite orbital

Dynamical reduction (195 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

experiments. The reason that QM does not account for measurements is that the time evolution of the quantum state of a system is described probabilistically by linear

Paul Glendinning (550 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

known for his work on dynamical systems, specifically models of the time-evolution of complex mathematical or physical processes. His main areas of research

Friedmann equations (4,441 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

fluid with a given equation of state, the Friedmann equations yield the time evolution and geometry of the universe as a function of the fluid density. Relativisitic

Phase plane (1,231 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

vectors) is a phase path. The flows in the vector field indicate the time-evolution of the system the differential equation describes. In this way, phase

Quasiprobability distribution (3,379 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

A quasiprobability distribution is a mathematical object similar to a probability distribution but which relaxes some of Kolmogorov's axioms of probability

Transfer operator (797 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

chaos and statistical mechanics, where attention is focused on the time evolution of smooth functions. In turn, this has medical applications to rational

Quantum finite automaton (3,639 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

quantum-mechanical state; the unitary matrices can be thought of as governing the time evolution of the system (viz in the Schrödinger picture). The generalization from

Island (5,735 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

these fish cannot traverse the ocean on their own. Over the course of time, evolution and extinction changes the nature of animal life on a continental island

Contact dynamics (1,337 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

systems with unilateral contacts and friction can be modeled and how the time evolution of such systems can be obtained by numerical integration. In addition

Prognostic equation (116 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

instance, the well-known Navier-Stokes equations that describe the time evolution of a fluid are prognostic equations that predict the future distribution

Oblique Mercator projection (555 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

a generalization of the oblique Mercator projection to incorporate time evolution of a satellite ground track. List of map projections Mercator projection

Bob Johnston (1,619 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Perkins: Go Cat Go! (1996) Eron Falbo: 73 (2013) Hector Ward and The Big Time: Evolution: Live at the Saxon Pub (2016) Evans, Rush (February 8, 2011). "Dylan

Optical spectrometer (1,765 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

spectrograph. That is useful in applications such as solar physics where time evolution is important. Circular dichroism Cosmic Origins Spectrograph Czerny-Turner

Stable manifold (1,167 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

has discrete-time dynamics. Similar notions apply for systems whose time evolution is given by a flow. Let X {\displaystyle X} be a topological space,

Non-functional requirement (1,007 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

security and usability, which are observable during operation (at run time). Evolution qualities, such as testability, maintainability, extensibility and

Heat death of the universe (3,532 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Longmans, Green. p. 101. Grandy, Walter T. Jr. (2008). Entropy and the Time Evolution of Macroscopic Systems. Oxford University Press. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-19-954617-6

Felix Bloch (1,508 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of MRI. In 1946 he proposed the Bloch equations which determine the time evolution of nuclear magnetization. He was elected to the United States National

GLAST (tokamak) (1,192 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

time-resolved information on plasma parameters in the edge region. The time evolution of whole discharge including microwave pre-ionization phase and current

Conserved quantity (522 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

function f of the generalized coordinates q and generalized momenta p has time evolution d f d t = { f , H } + ∂ f ∂ t {\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} f}{\mathrm

S-matrix (9,215 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

the S-operator. The great advantage of this definition is that the time-evolution operator U evolving a state in the interaction picture is formally known

Scanning tunneling microscope (7,167 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

orthonormal sets of wave functions for the two electrodes and examines their time evolution as the systems are put close together. Bardeen's novel method, ingenious

Trough (economics) (122 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

is a low turning point or a local minimum of a business cycle. The time evolution of many economics variables exhibits a wave-like behavior with local

Atmospheric chemistry (2,588 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

constructs the ordinary differential equations that describe their time evolution, greatly reducing the time and effort required for model construction

Big Bang (15,949 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Time evolution of light element abundances during Big Bang nucleosynthesis

No-hiding theorem (950 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

conservation of entropy holds for a quantum system undergoing unitary time evolution and that if entropy represents information in quantum theory, then it

Translation operator (quantum mechanics) (6,344 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

{U}}(t)]=0} where U ^ ( t ) {\displaystyle {\hat {U}}(t)} is the unitary time evolution operator. When the Hamiltonian is time independent, U ^ ( t ) = exp

Wheeler–DeWitt equation (1,632 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

assign to one of the coordinate axes. Thus, what we think about as time evolution of any physical system is just a gauge transformation, similar to that

The Discoverers (1,221 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

science, medicine, mathematics, and more-theoretical ones, such as time, evolution, plate tectonics, and relativity. Boorstin praises the inventive, human

Emergence (6,234 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

from a micro state space A to a macro state space B that commutes with time evolution, without requiring any further decomposition into subsystems. Type‑1

Evolution of a Filipino Family (300 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Decade List of longest films List of films with longest production time Evolution of a Filipino Family (2004) - IMDb, retrieved December 9, 2020 "Evolution

Chameleon (6,285 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

their blue vertical bars covered by red pigment cells. (b) Red dots: time evolution in the CIE chromaticity chart of a third male with green skin in a high-resolution

AdS/CFT correspondence (6,680 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Schrödinger equation. This property is usually referred to as unitarity of time evolution. The apparent contradiction between Hawking's calculation and the unitarity

Butterfly effect (5,524 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

observed in quantum systems. Zbyszek P. Karkuszewski et al. consider the time evolution of quantum systems which have slightly different Hamiltonians. They

Quantum number (3,266 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

quantized system requires at least one quantum number. The dynamics (i.e. time evolution) of any quantum system are described by a quantum operator in the form

Time-domain harmonic scaling (242 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

articulation to be changed without affecting the pitch-contour and the time-evolution of the formant structure. TDHS differs from other time-scale modification

HD 128311 (848 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Time evolution of orbital elements in the system HD128311. This left panel in this plot shows the most likely formation scenario for the planetary system

Current density (2,812 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

this term would not predict electromagnetic waves to propagate, or the time evolution of electric fields in general. Since charge is conserved, current density

Dynamic structure factor (626 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that contains information about inter-particle correlations and their time evolution. It is a generalization of the structure factor that considers correlations

Farr's laws (534 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

epidemic events rise and fall in a roughly symmetrical pattern. The time-evolution behavior could be captured by a single mathematical formula that could

Supersaturation (2,662 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Time evolution of the concentration of a solute in a solution when it receives a constant inflow of the solute, according to the LaMer model.

Topological quantum field theory (3,764 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

quantum theory and a physical theory, with a Hamiltonian H, will have a time evolution operator eitH or an "imaginary time" operator e−tH. The main feature

Loop quantum gravity (16,616 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

constraints, it can be shown that six Einstein equations describing time evolution (really a gauge transformation) can be obtained by calculating the Poisson

Second law of thermodynamics (15,472 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

ISBN 0-521-25677-1, pp. 43–44. Grandy, W.T., Jr (2008). Entropy and the Time Evolution of Macroscopic Systems, Oxford University Press, Oxford, ISBN 978-0-19-954617-6

Quantum state (5,551 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

time dependent. How a quantum state changes in time is governed by the time evolution operator. A mixed quantum state corresponds to a probabilistic mixture

Fluorescence intensity decay shape microscopy (469 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(FIDSAM) is a fluorescence microscope technique, which utilizes the time evolution of fluorescence emission after a pulsed excitation to analyse the decay

Expansion of the universe (4,556 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

factor a {\displaystyle a} is a parameter of the FLRW metric, and its time evolution is governed by the Friedmann equations. The second Friedmann equation

Nakajima–Zwanzig equation (1,529 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Nakajima and Robert Zwanzig) is an integral equation describing the time evolution of the "relevant" part of a quantum-mechanical system. It is formulated

Sonic black hole (1,200 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

2021). "Observation of stationary spontaneous Hawking radiation and the time evolution of an analogue black hole". Nature Physics. 17 (3): 362–367. arXiv:1910

Adiabatic theorem (4,537 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

evolution of the system can be described in the Schrödinger picture by the time-evolution operator, defined by the integral equation U ^ ( t , t 0 ) = 1 − i ℏ

Classical mechanics (5,857 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

at a stationary point (a maximum, minimum, or saddle) throughout the time evolution of the system. This constraint allows the calculation of the equations

Loschmidt's paradox (1,682 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to Maxwell's demon, see below) for an entity that is able to reverse time evolution in a microscopic system, in their case of nuclear spins, which is indeed

Problem of time (2,498 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

problem. The non-relativistic equation of quantum mechanics includes time evolution: i ℏ ∂ ∂ t ψ ( t ) = H ψ ( t ) , {\displaystyle i\hbar {\frac {\partial

Time-dependent variational Monte Carlo (516 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

are time-independent operators that define the specific ansatz. The time evolution of the parameters a k ( t ) {\displaystyle a_{k}(t)} can be found upon

Open access in Australia (1,338 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 7536542. PMID 32924933. "Institutions' open access over time: Evolution of green and gold OA". storage.googleapis.com. Curtin Open Knowledge

Wave function (13,587 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

spin terms). The time dependence can be placed in either factor, and time evolution of each can be studied separately. Under such Hamiltonians, any tensor

Fermi's golden rule (3,948 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle H=H_{0}+H'} . We can still expand an arbitrary quantum state’s time evolution in terms of energy eigenstates of the unperturbed system, but these

Dispersion (optics) (3,420 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Time evolution of a short pulse in a hypothetical dispersive medium (k = ω2) showing that the longer-wavelength components travel faster than the shorter-wavelength

Quantum tunnelling (6,491 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Using mathematical formulations, such as the Schrödinger equation, the time evolution of a known wave function can be deduced. The square of the absolute

String theory (15,295 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Schrödinger equation. This property is usually referred to as unitarity of time evolution. The apparent contradiction between Hawking's calculation and the unitarity

Borel functional calculus (1,698 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mechanical system S. The unitary group generated by iH corresponds to the time evolution of S. We can also use the Borel functional calculus to abstractly solve

Leggett–Garg inequality (1,918 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mechanics, the Leggett–Garg inequality is violated, meaning that the time evolution of a system cannot be understood classically. The situation is similar

K. L. Sebastian (541 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

PhD student, he proposed an almost analytical method to analyze the time evolution of the FMO complex. More recently he has started working on Levy flights

Quantum electrodynamics (6,659 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The evolution operator is obtained in the interaction picture, where time evolution is given by the interaction Hamiltonian, which is the integral over

Hawking radiation (5,968 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

2021). "Observation of stationary spontaneous Hawking radiation and the time evolution of an analogue black hole". Nature Physics. 17 (3): 362–367. arXiv:1910

Liquid (7,228 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

well-known example: they are partial differential equations giving the time evolution of density, velocity, and temperature of a viscous fluid. There are

Glossary of elementary quantum mechanics (2,522 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

equation relates the Hamiltonian operator acting on a wave function to its time evolution (Equation 1): i ℏ ∂ ∂ t | α ⟩ = H ^ | α ⟩ {\displaystyle i\hbar {\frac

Geometric Brownian motion (2,140 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

function for GBM, we must use the Fokker-Planck equation to evaluate the time evolution of the PDF: ∂ p ∂ t + ∂ ∂ S [ μ ( t , S ) p ( t , S ) ] = 1 2 ∂ 2 ∂

QuTiP (935 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sesolve(Hamiltonian, psi, times, [psi.proj(), phi.proj()]) # unitary time evolution of a system according to schroedinger equation >>> expectpsi, expectphi

Open access (17,993 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

PMID 32924933. Wikidata Q99410785. "Institutions' open access over time: Evolution of green and gold OA". storage.googleapis.com. Curtin Open Knowledge

Kaon (3,249 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Gell-Mann and Abraham Pais together. They considered the CP-invariant time evolution of states with opposite strangeness. In matrix notation one can write

Quantum Boltzmann equation (967 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

modification of the Boltzmann equation, which gives the nonequilibrium time evolution of a gas of quantum-mechanically interacting particles. Typically, the

Algae (13,298 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Martin; Henrissat, Bernard; Field, Robert A. (2015). "Euglena in time: Evolution, control of central metabolic processes and multi-domain proteins in

Megalith (8,095 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

are found in almost all parts of South Asia. There is also a broad time evolution with the megaliths in central India and the upper Indus valley where

Yellow hypergiant (3,831 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Gardner, Tyler; Gutierrez, Mayra; Köhler, Rainer (September 2024). "Time Evolution Images of the Hypergiant RW Cephei during the Rebrightening Phase Following

Cepheid variable (4,309 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Lives of Cepheids: A Multi-Wavelength Study of the Atmospheres and Real-Time Evolution of Classical Cepheids (Thesis). arXiv:1504.02713. Bibcode:2015PhDT.

Chlorofluorocarbon (6,594 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ocean interior reflects simply the convolution of their atmospheric time evolution and ocean circulation and mixing. The entry of CFCs into the ocean makes

Herbig–Haro object (4,001 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Raga, A.; Reipurth, B.; Velázquez, P.; et al. (December 2016). "The time evolution of HH 2 from four epochs of HST images". Astronomical Journal. 152 (6):

Hamiltonian system (1,369 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

system, the phase-space volume of a closed surface is preserved under time evolution. d d t ∮ ∂ V d r = ∮ ∂ V d r d t ⋅ d n ^ ∂ V = ∮ ∂ V ( M N ∇ r H ( r

Superoperator (820 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\Psi ={\hat {H}}\Psi } , expresses the time evolution of the state vector ψ {\displaystyle \psi } by the action of the Hamiltonian

Geostrophic wind (1,278 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ageostrophic terms are relatively small, they are essential for the time evolution of the flow and in particular are necessary for the growth and decay

Attosecond physics (6,077 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

P(t)=\langle \Psi |{\hat {P}}|\Psi \rangle } , as a consequence the time evolution of this observable is: P ( t ) = | c g | 2 ⟨ 0 | P ^ | 0 ⟩ + | c e |

Hamilton–Jacobi equation (8,210 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

time evolution of the generalized coordinates. Similarly, Hamilton's equations of motion are another system of 2N first-order equations for the time evolution

Matrix mechanics (10,615 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

X_{nm}=X_{mn}^{*}.} By definition, Xnm only has the frequency ⁠En − Em/h⁠, so its time evolution is simple: X n m ( t ) = e 2 π i ( E n − E m ) t / h X n m ( 0 ) = e

Faster-than-light (7,979 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which in turn is nothing more than an effect of the underlying local time evolution of the wavefunction of a system and all of its environment. Since the

Heavy Rydberg system (746 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

energy levels and the rate of time-evolution of the wavefunction depends on this energy spacing. This slow time-evolution makes heavy Rydberg systems ideal

True polar wander (1,220 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

spin axis lies close to the main axis of inertia of the body, and the time evolution of the latter is driven by gradual readjustment of the rotational bulge

Hegerfeldt's theorem (522 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Specifically, Hegerfeldt's theorem refers to a free particle whose time evolution is determined by a positive Hamiltonian. If the particle is initially

Peter R. Holland (1,045 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and upon methods of hydrodynamics, Holland showed in 2004 how the time evolution of the wavefunction could be derived exactly from the dynamical evolution

Quantum Bayesianism (8,310 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\rho }}} with SIC representation P ( H i ) {\textstyle P(H_{i})} . The time evolution of this state is found by applying a unitary operator U ^ {\displaystyle

Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric (3,652 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of distances.: 147 To apply the metric to cosmology and predict its time evolution requires Einstein's field equations together with a way of calculating

Hydrogen atom (6,024 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

model; it allows one to calculate the stationary states and also the time evolution of quantum systems. Exact analytical answers are available for the nonrelativistic

Symplectic integrator (3,403 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

canonical coordinates. (See Hamiltonian mechanics for more background.) The time evolution of Hamilton's equations is a symplectomorphism, meaning that it conserves

Interpretations of quantum mechanics (7,637 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Schrödinger's original intent, which was to have a theory with continuous time evolution and in which wavefunctions directly described physical reality.: 24–33

Double pendulum (2,579 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Parametric plot for the time evolution of the angles of a double pendulum. Note that the graph resembles Brownian motion.

Vicsek model (1,187 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle \Theta _{i}(t)} at time t {\displaystyle t} . The discrete time evolution of one particle is set by two equations: At each time step Δ t {\displaystyle

Lindbladian (3,804 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

laser. In the canonical formulation of quantum mechanics, a system's time evolution is governed by unitary dynamics. This implies that there is no decay

Technical analysis (7,266 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

halfway between the two. Starting from the characterization of the past time evolution of market prices in terms of price velocity and price acceleration,

Khajuraho Group of Monuments (4,966 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

destroys and recycles life, thereby controlling the cosmic dance of time, evolution and dissolution. The temples have a rich display of intricately carved

Symplectic group (3,109 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

preserve the canonical commutation relation. It can be shown that the time evolution of this system is equivalent to an action of the real symplectic group

Fluctuation–dissipation theorem (4,508 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

follows, under the assumptions of the linear response theory, from the time evolution of the ensemble average of the observable ⟨ x ^ ( t ) ⟩ {\displaystyle

Amos Hawley (1,094 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

because a series of events within a state of time cannot go backward in time. Evolution, as viewed by those in the scientific community was an outcome of cumulative

Dmitry Dolgopyat (977 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mathematician specializing in dynamical systems, a field that studies the time evolution of natural and abstract systems. An internationally acclaimed lecturer

Fourier transform (21,313 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

practical use in quantum mechanics. Boundary value problems and the time-evolution of the wave function is not of much practical interest: it is the stationary

Hamiltonian mechanics (9,323 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

^{2}\sin ^{2}\theta }}-mg\ell \cos \theta .} Hamilton's equations give the time evolution of coordinates and conjugate momenta in four first-order differential

Gaussian function (5,023 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the same thing), a partial differential equation that describes the time evolution of a mass-density under diffusion. Specifically, if the mass-density

Hilbert space (17,469 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

_{0}^{T}U_{t}x\,\mathrm {d} t\,.} For an ergodic system, the fixed set of the time evolution consists only of the constant functions, so the ergodic theorem implies

Good quantum number (1,409 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

}{\partial t}}|\Psi \rangle =E_{\Psi }|\Psi \rangle } It gives the time evolution of the state of the system as: | Ψ ( t ) ⟩ = e − i E Ψ t / ℏ | Ψ ( 0

Mølmer–Sørensen gate (5,692 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

displacement operator A ^ k ( t ) {\displaystyle {\hat {A}}_{k}(t)} . The time evolution operator is obtained through the Magnus expansion U ( t ) = e ∑ l =

Supersymmetry (7,569 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

continuity—infinitely close points will remain close during continuous time evolution even in the presence of noise. When the topological supersymmetry is

Freeman Dyson (8,580 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

pp. 645–706. "Quantum Theory of Radiation Interactions – Chapter 5: Time evolution" (PDF). OpenCourseWare. MIT. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14

Gillespie algorithm (3,119 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Kolmogorov introduced the differential equations corresponding to the time-evolution of stochastic processes that proceed by jumps, today known as Kolmogorov

Carleman matrix (2,942 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Maps, online preprint, 1997. P. Gralewicz, K. Kowalski, Continuous time evolution from iterated maps and Carleman linearization, online preprint, 2000

Dirac bracket (4,832 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

H + ∑ k U k ϕ k . {\displaystyle H'=H+\sum _{k}U_{k}\phi _{k}.} The time evolution of a function on the phase space, f, is governed by f ˙ ≈ { f , H T

Vic Lockman (580 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

(Catechism) - Book II English Grammar & Stories With Cartoons Father Time (Evolution Defeated) Forgotten Minority (Exclusive Psalmody) God's Law for Modern

Amyloid (6,536 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Knowles, Vendruscolo, Cohen, Michaels and coworkers and considers the time evolution of the concentration f ( t , j ) {\displaystyle f(t,j)} of fibrils of

Introduction to quantum mechanics (7,531 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

software). Atoms and the Periodic Table Single and double slit interference Time-Evolution of a Wavepacket in a Square Well An animated demonstration of a wave

Terahertz spectroscopy and technology (2,136 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

antennas and electro-optical sampling, that can be applied to measure the time evolution of ETHz(t) directly. For example, one can propagate a THz pulse through

Exponentiation (13,637 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

wave equation, and other partial differential equations including a time evolution. The special case of exponentiating the derivative operator to a non-integer

Copenhagen interpretation (9,956 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

portrayed, Copenhagen-type interpretations involve two different kinds of time evolution for wave functions, the deterministic flow according to the Schrödinger

Evolving network (1,866 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

networks. Moreover, the concept of scale free networks shows us that time evolution is a necessary part of understanding the network's properties, and that

Observer (quantum physics) (1,671 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

measuring instrument, that lies outside the principles governing the time evolution of the wave function ψ, in order to account for the so-called "collapse

Tsallis entropy (2,563 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

PMID 21231636. S2CID 14831948. Ribeiro, M.; Nobre, F.; Curado, E. M. (2012). "Time evolution of interacting vortices under overdamped motion" (PDF). Physical Review

Fractal dimension (4,747 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

speak about a distribution of fractal dimensions and, eventually, a time evolution of the latter: a process that is driven by a complex interplay between

Cognitive model (3,598 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

emerge from the agent-environment interaction. At the second level of time evolution, behavior can be expressed as a dynamical system represented as a vector

De Broglie–Bohm theory (16,734 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the universe. The one-particle Schrödinger equation governs the time evolution of a complex-valued wavefunction on R 3 {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}}

Canonical transformation (12,419 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

In Hamiltonian mechanics, a canonical transformation is a change of canonical coordinates (q, p) → (Q, P) that preserves the form of Hamilton's equations

Canonical quantum gravity (3,809 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

quantum gravity. It can be shown that six Einstein equations describing time evolution (really a gauge transformation) can be obtained by calculating the Poisson

Saint Petersburg Metro (4,465 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Time evolution of the number of stations.

Extremal principles in non-equilibrium thermodynamics (6,097 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(2004). Time evolution in macroscopic systems. I: Equations of motion. Found. Phys. 34: 1-20. See [1]. Grandy, W.T., Jr (2004). Time evolution in macroscopic

Quantum thermodynamics (5,074 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

assumption is that the entire world is a large closed system, and therefore, time evolution is governed by a unitary transformation generated by a global Hamiltonian

Marian Smoluchowski (1,512 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

became a basis for the theory of stochastic processes. It describes the time evolution of the probability density function for a particle undergoing Brownian

SABR volatility model (2,483 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle \sigma } are represented by stochastic state variables whose time evolution is given by the following system of stochastic differential equations:

Neutrino oscillation (7,500 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Time evolution of the pendulums

CoRoT (14,062 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

discovery of hundreds of frequencies in δ Scuti stars, the spectacular time evolution of the frequency spectrum of a Be (emission lines B) star during an

Introduction to evolution (9,058 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

relationship we observe today. Given the right circumstances, and enough time, evolution leads to the emergence of new species. Scientists have struggled to

Quantum harmonic oscillator (6,952 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

^{*}a}}|0\rangle .} Since coherent states are not energy eigenstates, their time evolution is not a simple shift in wavefunction phase. The time-evolved states

Gene regulatory network (6,087 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(1976). "A general method for numerically simulating the stochastic time evolution of coupled chemical reactions". J. Comput. Phys. 22 (4): 403–34. Bibcode:1976JCoPh

Thin-film equation (1,430 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

is a partial differential equation that approximately predicts the time evolution of the thickness h of a liquid film that lies on a surface. The equation

Zero-point energy (26,528 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

operator A(t) evolves in time as A(t) = U†(t)A(0)U(t), where U(t) is the time evolution operator satisfying i ℏ U ˙ = H U , U † ( t ) = U − 1 ( t ) , U ( 0

Matter wave (8,040 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

non-relativistic Schrödinger equation. The Schrödinger equation describes the time evolution of a wavefunction, a function that assigns a complex number to each

Density functional theory (10,626 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dynamical density functional theory (DDFT). DDFT allows to describe the time evolution of the one-body density ρ ( r , t ) {\displaystyle \rho ({\boldsymbol

Trapped-ion quantum computer (3,589 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

performed on the qubit can be derived using the principles of quantum time evolution. Although this model utilizes the rotating wave approximation, it proves

History of quantum field theory (5,644 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

creation and annihilation operators. This allows for keeping track of the time-evolution of both the "bare" and "renormalized", or perturbed, values of the Hamiltonian

Hierarchical equations of motion (1,400 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle J(\omega )} (see below). HEOMs are developed to describe the time evolution of the density matrix ρ ( t ) {\displaystyle \rho (t)} for an open quantum

Phacops (1,788 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

I. (1975). "The distribution of phacopid trilobites in space and time". Evolution and morphology of the Trilobita, Trilobitoidea and Merostomata. Vol

Secondary electrospray ionization (2,638 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

not need to be interfered with. This allows to seamlessly capture the time evolution of their metabolism and their response to controlled stimuli. SESI has

Causal fermion systems (5,050 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

holomorphic approximation, the time evolution respects the complex structure, giving rise to a unitary time evolution on the bosonic Fock space. If H

Squarewave voltammetry (910 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

instead of separate forward and reverse current plots, and significant time evolution between potential reversal and current sampling, high sensitivity screening

Sergei Godunov (482 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

as piecewise constant over the mesh cells at each time step and the time evolution is determined by the exact solution of the Riemann (shock tube) problem

Quantum mechanics of time travel (2,139 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

how quantum systems interact with closed timelike curves (CTCs) using time evolution equations. This method aims to address paradoxes like the grandfather

Pericline (105 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

20th ed., ISBN 0-471-80580-7 Tsatskis, I. and E.K.H. Salje (1996) Time evolution of pericline twin domains in alkali feldspars, American Mineralogist

Quark–gluon plasma (7,413 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

collisions. They are produced, by various mechanisms spanning the space-time evolution of the strongly interacting fireball. They provide in principle a snapshot

Cold Atom Laboratory (679 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

interacting asymmetrically with the apparatus, interfering with the time evolution of the condensate. In orbit, experiments can last much longer because

Thermalisation (1,326 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

S2CID 4005098. Caux, Jean-Sébastien; Essler, Fabian H. L. (2013-06-18). "Time Evolution of Local Observables After Quenching to an Integrable Model". Physical

Gain (laser) (808 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

analogy between paraxial propagation of quasi-monochromatic waves and time evolution of a dynamic system. Round-trip gain, gain multiplied by the length

Quantum machine learning (9,369 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

weighted equally. Then the time-dependent Schrödinger equation guides the time evolution of the system, serving to affect the amplitude of each state as time

Conjugate prior (2,246 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

hyperparameters, so one can see the change in hyperparameters as a kind of "time evolution" of the system, corresponding to "learning". Starting at different points

Propagator (6,183 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

|}U(t,t'){\big |}x'{\big \rangle },} where U(t, t′) is the unitary time-evolution operator for the system taking states at time t′ to states at time t

Feynman diagram (15,967 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

|S|\mathrm {i} \rangle \;,} where S is the S-matrix. In terms of the time-evolution operator U, it is simply S = lim t 2 → + ∞ lim t 1 → − ∞ U ( t 2 , t

Argyroderma (406 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

(Aizoaceae): unraveling the effects of landscape, habitat, and flowering time". Evolution. 60 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01080.x. PMID 16568630

Decoded Feedback (1,290 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

combination of "strength and beauty" in their compositions. By the time Evolution was released, they created a blend of industrial and electronic body

Daniel Gillespie (600 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(1976). "A general method for numerically simulating the stochastic time evolution of coupled chemical reactions". Journal of Computational Physics. 22

Stellar dynamics (17,631 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in the early 20th century. The Jeans equations, which describe the time evolution of a system of stars in a gravitational field, are analogous to Euler's

Zeta Geminorum (2,220 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Lives of Cepheids: A Multi-Wavelength Study of the Atmospheres and Real-Time Evolution of Classical Cepheids (Thesis). arXiv:1504.02713. Bibcode:2015PhDT.

System size expansion (2,720 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

quantities subject to stochastic effects. A master equation describes the time evolution of this probability. Henceforth, a system of chemical reactions will

Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (2,335 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{S}}_{ij}-\rho {\overline {u_{i}^{\prime }u_{j}^{\prime }}}\right].} The time evolution equation of Reynolds stress is given by: ∂ u i ′ u j ′ ¯ ∂ t + u ¯ k

William H. Green (2,046 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

largely focuses on using computers to accurately predict the products and time evolution of systems of reacting chemicals. He has been recognized for “developing

Magnetic helicity (3,100 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

system, is repeated in the following: In ideal magnetohydrodynamics, the time evolution of a magnetic field and magnetic vector potential can be expressed using

Stochastic simulation (3,715 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(SSA) is essentially an exact procedure for numerically simulating the time evolution of a well-stirred chemically reacting system by taking proper account

Neutral particle oscillation (6,906 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

eigenstates, that is, they do not yield observably distinct new states under time evolution. Define { | 1 ⟩ , | 2 ⟩ } , {\displaystyle \ \left\{\ \left|1\right\rangle

H-theorem (4,255 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that reverses the motions of all the spins. The spins then undo the time evolution from before the pulse, and after some time the H actually increases

V1005 Orionis (1,786 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

"Relation of X-ray activity and rotation in M dwarfs and predicted time-evolution of the X-ray luminosity", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 638: 14, arXiv:2004

Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (1,288 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Time evolution of state populations for counter-intuitive STIRAP pulse sequence demonstrating coherent transfer.

RW Cephei (3,415 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Gardner, Tyler; Gutierrez, Mayra; Köhler, Rainer (September 2024). "Time Evolution Images of the Hypergiant RW Cephei during the Rebrightening Phase Following

Korteweg–De Vries equation (3,206 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

δ2uxxx = 0 (δ = 0.022) with an initial condition u(x, 0) = cos(πx). Time evolution was done by the Zabusky–Kruskal scheme. The initial cosine wave evolves

Rate equation (7,579 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

through X N ( t ) {\displaystyle X_{N}(t)} , an analytic form for the time-evolution of the species can be found. Let the rate constant of conversion from

Goldstone boson (3,733 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

intermediate states in a nonvanishing current commutator can lead to vanishing time-evolution only when one or more of these states is massless.) Thus, if the vacuum

Iberulite (1,654 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Fig. 7 Time evolution of the particulate matter / Time evolution of the relative humidity (RH) and temperature.

N-body simulation (4,082 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Dark matter plays an important role in the formation of galaxies. The time evolution of the density f (in phase space) of dark matter particles, can be described

Scintillator (8,033 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

should be used for high-temperature, high-vibration applications. The time evolution of the number of emitted scintillation photons N in a single scintillation

List of largest stars (12,854 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Gardner, Tyler; Gutierrez, Mayra; Köhler, Rainer (September 2024). "Time Evolution Images of the Hypergiant RW Cephei during the Rebrightening Phase Following

Borden Parker Bowne (1,483 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

13 (1). ISSN 0889-065X. JSTOR i20708736. ——— (1998). "Bowne on Time, Evolution and History". Journal of Speculative Philosophy. 12 (3): 181–203. ISSN 1527-9383

Geometric phase (4,016 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

phase factor. The phase obtained has a contribution from the state's time evolution and another from the variation of the eigenstate with the changing Hamiltonian

Guderley–Landau–Stanyukovich problem (2,399 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Guderley–Landau–Stanyukovich problem describes the time evolution of converging shock waves. The problem was discussed by G. Guderley in 1942 and independently

Latitudinal gradients in species diversity (6,597 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Hypothesis Biodiversity Biomass (ecology) Biomes Effective evolutionary time Evolution Extinction Latitude Primary production Speciation Species richness Tropics

Reynolds stress (2,250 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle \mu {\frac {\partial {\overline {u_{i}}}}{\partial x_{j}}}} . The time evolution equation of Reynolds stress was first given by Eq.(1.6) in Zhou Peiyuan's

Fenghao (431 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

relationship between Xi'an City and its mausoleums from the perspective of time evolution". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1158563

Price equation (3,992 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

fitness of the group. We want to derive an equation describing the time-evolution of the expected value of the trait: E ( x ) = ∑ i p i x i ≡ μ , p i

Galves–Löcherbach model (3,029 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Stochastic System with Infinite Interacting Components to Model the Time Evolution of the Membrane Potentials of a Population of Neurons". Journal of Statistical

Gyrokinetic ElectroMagnetic (410 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the three-dimensional position, the energy and magnetic moment. The time evolution of the distribution function is described by gyrokinetic theory which

HHL algorithm (4,990 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

equations. Berry provides an efficient algorithm for solving the full-time evolution under sparse linear differential equations on a quantum computer. Two

Behavioral modeling (1,113 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{W} } is the "signal space" – the set in which the variables whose time evolution is modeled take on their values, and B ⊆ W T {\displaystyle {\mathcal

Evolution of insects (12,167 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

structure. These strategies obviously became very successful with time. Evolution of arthropods Evolution of butterflies Evolution of spiders "Landmark

Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics) (15,991 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

the Dyson series, obtained by applying the iterative method to the time evolution operator, which is one of the starting points for the method of Feynman

Density matrix renormalization group (3,481 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

time-evolving block decimation method was developed to implement real-time evolution of matrix product states. The idea is based on the classical simulation

Logistic map (18,842 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

version of the logistic differential equation, which can be compared to a time evolution equation of the system. Given an appropriate value for the parameter

Earth system governance (6,151 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

subsystems fluxes and processes, the resulting spatial organization and time evolution of these systems, and their variability, stability and instability.

Matrix exponential (10,481 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

above is basis of the Suzuki-Trotter expansion, often used in numerical time evolution. In the other direction, if X and Y are sufficiently small (but not

Force concentration (2,697 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle {\frac {d^{2}}{dt^{2}}}N_{2}=c_{2}c_{1}N_{2}} To determine the time evolution of N 1 {\displaystyle N_{1}} and N 2 {\displaystyle N_{2}} , these equations

Modified Newtonian dynamics (11,145 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to satisfy conservation laws and provide a unique solution for the time evolution of any physical system. Each of the theories described here reduce to

Subshift of finite type (2,396 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

the left shift operator on such sequences; it plays the role of the time-evolution operator of the dynamical system. A subshift of finite type is then

Hamiltonian field theory (1,842 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

vanishing fields on the surface, the following result holds for the time evolution of A (similarly for B): d A d t = { A , H } + ∂ A ∂ t {\displaystyle

Kapitsa–Dirac effect (1,759 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

initial state | ψ 0 ⟩ {\displaystyle \left|\psi _{0}\right\rangle } , the time-evolution within the Raman-Nath regime is then given by | ψ ⟩ = | ψ 0 ⟩ e − i

Deep biosphere (9,557 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Drake, H., Reiners, P.W. Thermochronologic perspectives on the deep-time evolution of the deep biosphere. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Stopping power (particle radiation) (4,054 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

collisions is provided by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, in which the time evolution of a system of atoms is calculated by solving the equations of motion

Boson sampling (7,102 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

boson sampling with M particles in N modes is equivalent to the short-time evolution with M excitations in the XY model of 2N spins. One necessitates several

Geographic coordinate conversion (5,207 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dependence for each parameter,: 131-133 can be used to capture the time evolution of geographic coordinates dues to geomorphic processes, such as continental

Pragmatic theory of truth (5,273 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

relation to the other, and both together as they participate in the time evolution of inquiry. Inquiry is not a disembodied process, nor the occupation

Quantum Markov semigroup (1,636 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

environment are "synthesized" as a few quantum noises. Mathematically, time evolution in a Markovian open quantum system is no longer described by means of

Martin Quack (1,075 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

molecular physics, using the fundamentally new kinetic process of the time evolution of parity in isolated molecules.) He is an editor (with Frédéric Merkt)

Maxwell–Bloch equations (1,775 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

order correlations are necessary. The differential equation for the time evolution of ⟨ a † σ ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle a^{\dagger }\sigma \rangle } will

Forward problem of electrocardiology (5,006 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

semi-implicit numerical schemes involving finite differences for the solution's time evolution. However, the computational costs of such techniques, especially with

Coherent state (7,370 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Further, in contrast to the energy eigenstates of the system, the time evolution of a coherent state is concentrated along the classical trajectories

C. K. Raju (1,165 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dubbed the structured-time interpretation and a model of physical time evolution. Raju, C.K. (1994). Time: Towards a Consistent Theory. Kluwer Academic

Lieb–Robinson bounds (4,664 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle t} has a physical meaning of time. (Technically speaking, this time evolution is defined by a power-series expansion that is known to be a norm-convergent

Gérard Ben Arous (872 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

media), or industrial applications. He is mainly interested in the time evolution of complex systems, and the universal aspects of their long time behavior

Probability current (3,444 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

is conserved. This result is in agreement with the unitary nature of time evolution operators which preserve length of the vector by definition. The probability

Langevin equation (5,246 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

obtained using the Euler–Maruyama method. The left panel shows the time evolution of the phase portrait at different temperatures. The right panel captures

Cat state (4,717 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Time evolution of the probability distribution with quantum phase (color) of a cat state with α = 3. The two coherent portions interfere in the center

Free carrier absorption (842 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

_{\lambda }{f_{\lambda ,k}}} Using the above distribution function, the time evolution of the density matrix can be ignored, which greatly simplifies the analysis

Damage mechanics (2,209 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

points within a structure. State equations are defined which govern the time evolution of damage. These equations may be readily integrated into finite element

Glossary of physics (12,882 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

μm. Schrödinger equation A mathematical equation which describes the time evolution of wave functions in quantum mechanics. simple harmonic motion simple

Stochastic programming (6,069 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

For example, one can construct a particular scenario tree defining time evolution of the process. If at every stage the random return of each asset is

Brachistochrone curve (6,096 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the brachistochrone problem, the motion of the body is given by the time evolution of the parameter: φ ( t ) = ω t , ω = g r {\displaystyle \varphi (t)=\omega

Open ocean convection (3,705 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and the baroclinic instability effects are becoming important, the time evolution of the chimney cannot be described only by the buoyancy forcing. The

Entropy (order and disorder) (3,060 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article

Dordrecht, pp. 1–27, page 24. Grandy, Walter T. Jr. (2008). Entropy and the Time Evolution of Macroscopic Systems. Oxford University Press. pp. 55–58. ISBN 978-0-19-954617-6

Electron-cloud effect (926 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

studies is the tune shifts can be measured bunch by bunch and so the time evolution of the cloud can be measured. The vacuum chamber in an accelerator can

Kubo formula (1,072 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

these eigenvalues may change with time. However, one can again find the time evolution of the density matrix ρ ^ ( t ) {\displaystyle {\hat {\rho }}(t)} rsp

Micromagnetics (3,484 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

magnetostriction. The purpose of dynamic micromagnetics is to predict the time evolution of the magnetic configuration.: 181–182 This is especially important

Knudsen paradox (235 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

again will show infinite flux. Vlasov equation – Description of the time-evolution of plasma Fokker–Planck equation – Partial differential equation Navier–Stokes

Dynamic speckle (1,105 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Rev. Cub. Fis. 25(2A) (2008) pp. 67-69 Arizaga, R (1999). "Speckle time evolution characterization by the co-occurrence matrix analysis". Optics & Laser

Quantum potential (7,183 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

motion and a rotational part. The two dynamical equations governing the time evolution are re-interpreted as conservation equations. One of them stands for

Caroline A. E. Strömberg (1,836 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Swedish-American paleontologist whose primary research focuses on the deep time evolution and ecology of plants through the use of the fossil record and by comparison

Path integral molecular dynamics (1,178 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"A derivation of centroid molecular dynamics and other approximate time evolution methods for path integral centroid variables". The Journal of Chemical

Mitch Clarke (1,117 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Clarke told reporters his favourite Super NES video game is Turtles in Time. Evolution Fighting Championships EFC Lightweight Championship (1 time) The Fight

Random cluster model (1,984 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

became the inspiration for the Swendsen–Wang algorithm describing the time-evolution of Potts models. Michael Aizenman and coauthors used it to study the

History of creationism (10,654 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Aguillard, that requiring the teaching of "creation science" every time evolution was taught illegally advanced a particular religion, although a variety

Swift heavy ion (1,245 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Time evolution of a Molecular Dynamics simulation of a swift heavy ion track in crystalline quartz, producing a cylindrical amorphous track in the material

Intrinsic Noise Analyzer (334 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(1976). "A general method for numerically simulating the stochastic time evolution of coupled chemical reactions". Journal of Computational Physics. 22

Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (5,548 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

even ones that are analogous to chaotic classical systems, because time evolution of a quantum system does not uniformly sample all vectors in Hilbert

Square lattice Ising model (2,664 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

t}} The product of the U matrices, one after the other, is the total time evolution operator, which is the path integral we started with. U N = ( e i H

Antiresonance (1,830 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Animation showing time evolution to the antiresonant steady-state of two coupled pendula. The red arrow represents a driving force acting on the left pendulum

Jaynes–Cummings model (9,356 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

conjugates. By the unitary evolution operator one can calculate the time evolution of the state of the system described by its density matrix ρ ^ ( t )

Maptek (634 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

laser scan data with other software to track and analyse movement over time. Evolution is a scheduling technology. It was released in 2015.[citation needed]

Hans Ziegler (physicist) (198 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article

Physics Reports, 426: 1-45. Grandy, W.T., Jr (2008). Entropy and the Time Evolution of Macroscopic Systems, Oxford University Press, Oxford, ISBN 978-0-19-954617-6

Purity (quantum mechanics) (2,235 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

where U is a unitary matrix. Specifically, it is conserved under the time evolution operator U ( t , t 0 ) = e − i ℏ H ( t − t 0 ) {\displaystyle U(t,t_{0})=e^{{\frac

Charge density wave (2,955 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Feynman in The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol. III, Ch. 21, their time-evolution is described using the Schrödinger equation as an emergent classical

Tunnel ionization (3,863 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

necessary. The dynamics of the MPI can be described by finding the time evolution of the state of the atom which is described by the Schrödinger equation

Dissipative operator (1,534 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

time derivative of a point x in the space is given by Ax, then the time evolution is governed by a contraction semigroup that constantly decreases the

Ultra-high-temperature metamorphism (2,115 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

granulites from Enderby Land, Antarctica: Metamorphic pressure-temperature-time evolution of the Archaean Napier Complex: Journal of Petrology, v. 26, p. 819-856

Spherical pendulum (1,775 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

2ml^{2}\sin ^{2}\theta }-mgl\cos \theta } Hamilton's equations will give time evolution of coordinates and momenta in four first-order differential equations

Extended irreversible thermodynamics (622 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

equations of Fourier, Fick, Newton and Ohm are replaced by first-order time evolution equations including memory and non-local effects. The selection of the

List of stars with resolved images (2,010 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Gardner, Tyler; Gutierrez, Mayra; Köhler, Rainer (September 2024). "Time Evolution Images of the Hypergiant RW Cephei during the Rebrightening Phase Following

Yves Pomeau (2,127 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Math. Phys. 74 (2): 189–197 Hardy, J., Pomeau, Y., and De Pazzis, O. «Time evolution of a two-dimensional classical lattice system.» Physical Review Letters

First-class constraint (4,561 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Hamiltonians, respectively, which agree on the constrained subspace, then the time evolution of both points under their respective Hamiltonian flows will always

Maria Fidecaro (900 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

kaons, new and detailed information was found on CPT invariance in time evolution and decay. The newly achieved level of precision of the experiments

Syndemic (14,619 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The PopMod has several intended purposes, including describing the time evolution of population health for standard demographic purposes (such as estimating

Eady model (656 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

linearizing yields the linearized differential equations governing the time evolution of the state of the atmosphere in the Eady model: ψ ¯ = − Λ z y {\displaystyle

Tessaleno Devezas (2,031 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

120675, (with A. Akaev, Y. Ichkitidze, A. Sarygulov) On the global time evolution of the Covid-19 pandemic: Logistic modelling, Technological Forecasting

Split-step method (1,636 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

space. The non-linear Schrödinger equation, when used to govern the time evolution of a wave function, takes the form i ℏ ∂ ψ ∂ t = − ℏ 2 2 m ∂ 2 ψ ∂ x

Glossary of aerospace engineering (24,147 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

, t 2 ] → M {\displaystyle x_{0}:[t_{1},t_{2}]\to M} describes the time evolution of the given system if and only if x 0 {\displaystyle x_{0}} is a stationary

Eddy diffusion (7,956 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of what the initial profile might be. To be able to calculate this time evolution, one needs to know how to calculate the flux. This section explores

Synthesis of carbon nanotubes (5,797 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Water-Assisted Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis Revealed by a Time-Evolution Analysis". Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (5): 056104. Bibcode:2005PhRvL..95e6104F

TDGL (322 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

equations can be very useful in making qualitative predictions about the time evolution of superconductors, particularly in the mixed state where Abrikosov

Frank Verstraete (1,055 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

C; Oseledets, I; Vandereycken, B; Verstraete, F (2016). "Unifying time evolution and optimization with matrix product states" (PDF). Phys. Rev. B. 94

Mineral evolution (5,027 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Structural and chemical complexity of minerals: correlations and time evolution". European Journal of Mineralogy. 30 (2): 231–236. doi:10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2694

Impact events on Jupiter (7,107 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the ripples of Jupiter's rings to the impact of SL9 by analyzing the time evolution recorded by the instruments on board the Galileo, Cassini, and New Horizons

Thermal history of Earth (1,789 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

formulation of the thermal history of Earth's interior involves the time evolution of the mid-mantle and mid-core temperatures. To derive these equations

Rare event sampling (1,206 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

will be time-dependence in the rare event flux. In order to follow the time evolution of the probability of a rare event, it is necessary to maintain a steady

Critical positivity ratio (3,537 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of justification for the use of the Lorenz equations in modeling the time evolution of human emotions", but confronting the "no clear mathematical errors"

Entropy of mixing (4,666 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

ISBN 0-19-851142-6, page 74. Grandy, W.T., Jr (2008). Entropy and the Time Evolution of Macroscopic Systems, Oxford University Press, Oxford, ISBN 978-0-19-954617-6

Jinju Formation (3,596 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

295−308. doi:10.5467/JKESS.2016.37.5.295. Lee, Jaemin (2025). "Deep time evolution of tubers in Equisetum and the broader sphenophytes". International

Infologs (1,203 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Nasvall, J.; Sun, L.; Roth, J. R.; Andersson, D. I. (2012). "Real-Time Evolution of New Genes by Innovation, Amplification, and Divergence". Science

Hamiltonian (control theory) (3,975 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

following differential equation for capital intensity, describing the time evolution of capital per effective worker: k ˙ = ∂ k ∂ t = f ( k ( t ) ) − ( n

CMA-ES (7,558 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

points instead of successful search steps. Second, two paths of the time evolution of the distribution mean of the strategy are recorded, called search

Jerry Moffatt (3,708 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Lions Head Canada (8B) First ascent, Canada's hardest route at the time Evolution (8c+) Raven Tor 1995 First ascent. Progress (8c+) Kilnsey U.K 1995 First

Cerro Bonete (Lipez) (325 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

(5): 907–942. doi:10.1093/petrology/43.5.907. Bailly, Laurent. "Space-time evolution of the hydrothermal activity in a volcanic dome : the Cerro Bonete epithermal

HPP model (1,060 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Gershenfeld, pp. 103 Hardy, J.; Pomeau, Y.; de Pazzis, O. (1973-07-30). "Time Evolution of a Two-Dimensional Classical Lattice System". Physical Review Letters

Fly algorithm (3,630 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Boumaza, Amine; Louchet, Jean (Apr 2001). "Dynamic Flies: Using Real-time evolution in Robotics". Lecture Notes on Computer Science. Artificial Evolution

Multiferroics (8,501 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dynamics in multiferroic systems is concerned with understanding the time evolution of the coupling between various ferroic orders, in particular under

BKL singularity (20,986 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of general relativity effectively become local and oscillatory. The time evolution of fields at each spatial point is well approximated by the homogeneous

Robert Gilbert (chemist) (2,244 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

processes. He produced targeted data using these methods, particularly the time evolution of reaction rates and molecular-weight and particle-size distributions

Max Dresden (877 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Chapter 8. Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics or the vagaries of time evolution by Max Dresden, pages 585–633 in Laurie Brown, Abraham Pais, Brian Pippard

Schrödinger field (4,322 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

many body Schrödinger equation for identical particles describes the time evolution of the many-body wavefunction ψ(x1, x2...xN) which is the probability

Majorana equation (8,807 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

explicit construction and articulation. The Weyl equation describes the time evolution of a massless complex-valued two-component spinor. It is conventionally

Spray (mathematics) (2,329 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

law is obtained from the Hamiltonian principle, which states that the time evolution γ:[a,b]→M of the state of the system is stationary for the action integral

Logarithmic norm (2,507 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

logarithmic norm is that it discriminates between forward and reverse time evolution and can establish whether the problem is well posed. Similar results

Galician Wikipedia (1,744 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Galician Wikipedia (Galician: Wikipedia en lingua galega), also popularly known as Galipedia (Galician: Galipedia), is the Galician-language edition

Jose Luis Mateos (608 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

García-Calderón, J. L. Mateos y M. Moshinsky. Resonant Spectra and the Time Evolution of the Survival and Nonescape Probabilities. In Physical Review Letters

F-divergence (3,992 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Kolmogorov forward equations (or Master equation), used to describe the time evolution of the probability distribution in the Markov process. This means that

Daniel Rudolph (1,558 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

semigroup of self-maps of that space that play the role of describing time evolution of the phase space." From August 1975 to August 1976, Rudolph was a

Gell-Mann and Low theorem (1,587 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle g=e^{\epsilon \theta }} . From Schrödinger's equation for the time-evolution operator i ℏ ∂ t 1 U ϵ ( t 1 , t 2 ) = H ϵ ( t 1 ) U ϵ ( t 1 , t 2 )

Daniel Pomarède (2,180 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

from the Cosmicflows survey and various distance indicators, with a time evolution running from the past 13.25 billion years to present. ‘The Cosmic V-Web"

Glass poling (894 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Kudlinski, A.; et al. (2005). "Modeling of the χ (2) susceptibility time-evolution in thermally poled fused silica". Optics Express. 13 (20): 8015–8024

Many-body localization (3,096 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Schrödinger equation? Does the system still thermalize? Quantum mechanical time evolution is unitary and formally preserves all information about the initial

Timeline of computational physics (1,499 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Parma, September 2002. J. Hardy, Y. Pomeau, and O. de Pazzis (1973). "Time evolution of two-dimensional model system I: invariant states and time correlation

Drosophila connectome (3,933 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and hormones (with sources and receptors), the role of glial cells, time evolution rules for synapses, and more. However some pathways have been simulated

Ramsey interferometry (3,447 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

}}\times {\hat {\mathbf {p} }}\right).} This Hamiltonian leads to a time evolution operator to first order in Ω {\displaystyle \Omega } : U ^ R = exp ⁡

Three-wave equation (1,752 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

S2CID 18846092. Kaup, D. J.; Reiman, A.; Bers, A. (1979). "Space-time evolution of nonlinear three-wave interactions. I. Interaction in a homogeneous

Rival Peak (1,201 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

game Rival Peak” Gamasutra Cataldi, Chris (5 March 2021) “The real-time evolution of Rival Peak” Gamasutra Orquioloa, John (24 March 2021) “Wil Wheaton

Runge–Gross theorem (2,153 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

throughout the argument. From the Heisenberg equation of motion, the time evolution of the current density, j(r,t), under the external potential v(r,t)

Gulf of California moisture surge (1,674 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

amount of water vapor in a column of the atmosphere. By looking at time evolution of precipitable water contours, scientists are able to track the progression

Peter Coveney (2,771 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Evans, Allan K.; Coveney, Peter V. (1995). "On exponential long-time evolution in statistical mechanics". Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A. 448 (1933): 293–319

Raymond M. Alf Museum of Paleontology (2,105 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

curriculum, every Webb student learns the basics of the geological time, evolution, and other processes that shape our planet. In advanced paleontology

Method of quantum characteristics (3,908 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1016/0375-9601(91)90352-9. Wong, C. Y. (2003). "Explicit solution of the time evolution of the Wigner function". Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical

Stock-flow consistent model (2,818 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Time evolution of the variables towards a stationary state. In this fixed point, the tax income T {\displaystyle T} equals government expenditure G {\displaystyle

Cho Minhaeng (3,133 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

provide critical information on molecular optical activity and its time-evolution. Later, Cho showed that a heterodyne-detection method with precise controls

Wonderland model (1,469 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\begin{aligned}y^{\prime }=y-\phi (1-z)^{\mu }y\end{aligned}}} The time evolution of y ( t ) {\displaystyle y(t)} is unaffected because those goods and

Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (1,905 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

doi:10.1175/2010JTECHA1521.1. Parfitt; et al. (2016). "A study of the time evolution of GERB shortwave calibration by comparison with CERES Edition-3A data"

Basil Hiley (11,814 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

notation each stand for an element of the algebra and that the Heisenberg time evolution is an inner automorphism in the algebra. In 2001, Hiley proposed to

Quantum random circuits (1,509 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

quantum circuits would be qubits, unitary gates, and measurements. The time evolution of the quantum circuits is discrete in time t ∈ Z {\displaystyle t\in

Time-domain holography (1,243 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the Maxwell's equation. For obtaining a general solution, the space-time evolution of an arbitrary waveform should be described, which is a hard task.

Magnetic resonance (quantum mechanics) (3,284 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

\langle \mathbf {m} \rangle =\gamma \langle \mathbf {S} \rangle } . The time evolution of ⟨ m ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle \mathbf {m} \rangle } is given by i

Cancer selection (1,578 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

animals have been paired as competitors in co-evolution throughout time. Evolution, which is driven by natural selection, is the cornerstone for nearly

NPZ model (815 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

It is a system of ordinary differential equations that examines the time evolution of dissolved and assimilated nutrients in an ideal upper water column

Lawrence Schulman (2,031 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

oxymoron and in the 1980s Schulman conceived of a way to retain unitary time evolution while at the same time having a single "world" (in the sense of the

Solvent model (4,370 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

clusters. Molecular dynamics simulations allow scientists to study the time evolution of a chemical system in discrete time intervals. These simulations often

R. Edwin Garcia (530 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

microstructure. Thus, understanding the effect of microstructure on the time evolution, response, and reliability of material properties is important. Garcia

Creation and evolution in public education in the United States (7,545 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

statute, which required creation to be taught alongside evolution every time evolution was taught, was unconstitutional. The Court laid out its rule in Edwards

Three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (1,266 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

method-based reconstruction. With 3DXRD, it is possible to study in situ the time evolution of materials under different conditions. Among others, the technique

Carla Faria (624 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1103/PhysRevA.66.043413. C. Figueira de Morisson Faria, Andreas Fring. 2006. Time evolution of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 39 9269

Exact diagonalization (1,281 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

_{n})t/\hbar }.} Exact diagonalization can also be used to determine the time evolution of a system after a quench. Suppose the system has been prepared in

Euglenophycin (2,621 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Martin; Henrissat, Bernard; Field, Robert A. (2015-12-01). "Euglena in time: Evolution, control of central metabolic processes and multi-domain proteins in

Multiple equilibria in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (3,102 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle \Delta T^{a}=T_{2}^{a}-T_{1}^{a}} . It follows that the time evolution of the flow strength is given by: d ψ d t = − 2 | ψ | ψ + 2 k α Δ T

Nadia Fröbisch (1,203 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Bickelmann, Constanze; Olori, Jennifer C.; Witzmann, Florian (2015). "Deep-time evolution of regeneration and preaxial polarity in tetrapod limb development"

Scallop theorem (3,274 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the swimmer. Another exploitable property is stress relaxation. Such time evolution of such stresses contain a memory term, though the extent in which this

Frank-Kamenetskii theory (3,944 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle \delta =\delta _{c}(1+\epsilon )} . For this case, the time evolution of θ {\displaystyle \theta } is as follows: first it increases to steady-state

Decoherence-free subspaces (4,226 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

correcting code with codewords that are invariant under a particular unitary time evolution in spontaneous emission. Shortly afterwards, L-M Duan and G-C Guo also

Localization-protected quantum order (3,281 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

quantum orders in the eigenstates of the Floquet unitary, which is the time-evolution operator for one period. The most striking example of this is the time-crystal

Quantum speed limit (3,111 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

into a state orthogonal to | ψ ⟩ {\displaystyle |\psi \rangle } . The time evolution of a pure state is given by the Schrödinger equation: | ψ t ⟩ = ∑ n

Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2,401 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ν 1 , t 2 , ν 3 ) {\displaystyle S(\nu _{1},t_{2},\nu _{3})} . The time evolution of the system can be measured by repeating the procedure described before

Nuclear ensemble approach (1,566 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

approach, employing a Monte Carlo integration of the wavepacket overlap time evolution. Consider an ensemble of molecules absorbing radiation in the UV/vis

Light-front quantization applications (9,006 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

A. Ilderton; P. Maris; J. P. Vary (2013). "Non-perturbative quantum time evolution on the light-front". Physics Letters B. 726 (4–5): 856–860. arXiv:1309

Carlos Stroud (1,770 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

alternatively show classical and quantum features during a complex time evolution. A single electron could be made to interfere with itself to exhibit

Francesca Iacopi (2,288 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Cover) F.Zarotti, B.Gupta, F.Iacopi, A.Sgarlata, M.Tomellini, N.Motta, “Time evolution of graphene growth on SiC as a function of annealing temperature”, Carbon

Mioara Mandea (1,184 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Mandea, Mioara; Le Mouël, Jean-Louis; Pais, Alexandra (2000-03-01). "Time evolution of the fluid flow at the top of the core. Geomagnetic jerks". Earth

Diffusion model (14,123 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

\nabla _{x_{t}}\ln q(x_{t})} at that point, then we cannot impose the time-evolution equation on a particle: d x t = ∇ x t ln ⁡ q ( x t ) d t + d W t {\displaystyle

Transverse-field Ising model (1,713 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

number of fermions is even or odd, and this parity does not change under time evolution of the system. The Hamiltonian is mathematically identical to that of

WA93 experiment (462 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1016/0375-9474(95)00264-2. ISSN 0375-9474. Slegt, Sander (1995). Space-time evolution in relavistic heavy-ion collissions. s.n. "INSPIRE". inspirehep.net

Phase-space wavefunctions (2,161 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

^{\dagger })\star H-H\star (\psi \star \psi ^{\dagger })],} which is the time evolution of Wigner function, for this reason ψ {\displaystyle \psi } is sometimes

Caravelli-Traversa-Di Ventra equation (1,978 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

_{i\rightarrow n}I_{i}=0\ \ \ \ \ (2)} where the first equation represents the time evolution of the memristive element's internal memory either in current or voltage

List of music sequencers (2,267 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

octaves) generated by five glass discs. Composers could control the time evolution of amplitudes of each microtone via scratches on a glass plate user

Kovacs effect (1,878 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

with two jumps in the temperature has been employed. The associated time evolution of a relevant physical quantity P {\displaystyle P} , often the energy

WHO-CHOICE (2,564 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to researchers interested in using WHO-CHOICE: PopMod simulates the time evolution of an arbitrary population subject to births, deaths, and two distinct

Droplet vaporization (3,164 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the droplet temperature are presented in the next section). The time evolution of the droplet radius, r d {\displaystyle r_{d}} , and droplet temperature

Neural tangent kernel (5,146 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

can be understood as a type of Hamiltonian, since it generates the time-evolution of observables when the neural network is trained by gradient descent

Regularity theory (788 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

holds if m is infinity. Parabolic and hyperbolic PDEs describe the time evolution of a quantity u governed by an elliptic operator L and an external force

Fradkin tensor (967 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

\varepsilon } is the Levi-Civita symbol. In Hamiltonian mechanics, the time evolution of any function A {\displaystyle A} defined on phase space is given

Recharge oscillator (3,830 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

coupled system, which describes the thermocline depth and the SST anomaly time evolution in the eastern side of the basin: d h W d t = − r h W − α b T E {\displaystyle

Anomalous velocity (1,125 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

adding two Bloch wave functions with slightly different momenta. The time evolution of a Bloch wave function is given by Ψ k → ( r → , t ) = u k → ( r →

Dyson Brownian motion (3,777 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

is the Vandermonde determinant, then the time-evolution of eigenspectrum is equivalent to the time-evolution of u {\displaystyle u} , which happens to

Lana Austin (1,370 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Atomic Rumble (2025) Attack! Pro Wrestling Attack! 24:7 Championship (1 time) Evolution Wrestling Evolution Women's Championship (1 time) Full Force Wrestling

Man Like DeReiss (1,415 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Moloney British Wrestling Revolution BWR Underground Championship (1 time) Evolution Wrestling Evolution Middleweight Championship (2 times, current) Fight

Garnier integrable system (1,403 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{L}}(\lambda )\right],} so the Lax matrix satisfies the Lax equation when time evolution is given by any of the Hamiltonians H r {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}_{r}}

Larry D. McLerran (2,040 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

conditions for the matter formed in heavy ion collisions, and the early time evolution of such matter towards the formation of a Quark Gluon Plasma was the

Intrinsic DNA fluorescence (5,652 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

DNA fluorescence is that, contrary to most fluorescent molecules, its time-evolution cannot be described by a constant decay rate (described by a mono-exponential

PKS 0438-436 (3,520 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(2008-09-01). "Extragalactic optical-infrared background radiation, its time evolution and the cosmic photon-photon opacity". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 487

Polarization (cosmology) (3,095 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

which help to understand the physics of the early universe and its late-time evolution. Unfortunately, galactic nuclei and dust emit very strongly in the wavelength

Local linearization method (12,708 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

equations have become an important mathematical tool for describing the time evolution of several phenomenon, e.g., rotation of the planets around the sun

2024 in paleobotany (15,426 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Palms of the past: can morphometric phytolith analysis inform deep time evolution and palaeoecology of Arecaceae?". Annals of Botany. 134 (2): 263–282