language:
Find link is a tool written by Edward Betts.Longer titles found: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (book) (view)
searching for Introduction to quantum mechanics 92 found (159 total)
alternate case: introduction to quantum mechanics
Edgar Bright Wilson
(1,126 words)
[view diff]
case mismatch in snippet
view article
find links to article
laureate Linus Pauling and was a coauthor with Pauling of Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, a graduate level textbook in Quantum Mechanics. Wilson wasList of publications in chemistry (3,287 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
book company, 1935. Description: A classic and excellent introduction to quantum mechanics. Importance: One of the earliest books that introduced quantumDavid Tannor (407 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
the Weizmann Institute of Science. Tannor is the author of Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2018). He has also published or co-published over 120 scientificMichelle Francl (687 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Mawr College for excellence in teaching. Francl's podcast, "Introduction to Quantum Mechanics," broke into the iTunes Top 100 in October 2005. She alsoLanger correction (611 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
1103/physrev.51.669. ISSN 0031-899X. Harald J. W. Müller-Kirsten, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Schrödinger Equation and Path Integral, 2nd ed. World ScientificGood quantum number (1,409 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
multiple names: authors list (link) Griffiths, David J. (2005). Introduction to quantum mechanics (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 26Harald J. W. Mueller-Kirsten (911 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
ed. Electrodynamicsloc. cit. 2011, ISBN 978-981-4340-73-1. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Schrödinger Equation and Path Integral, World ScientificVariational principle (494 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
physics/0312071 Classical Physics. Griffiths, David J. (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-805326-X. John VenablesLamé function (1,787 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Mathieu case (as shown by Müller). H. J. W. Müller-Kirsten, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Schrödinger Equation and Path Integral, 2nd ed. World ScientificBohr radius (1,009 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
denotes the uncertainty of the last digits. David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Prentice-Hall, 1995, p. 137. ISBN 0-13-124405-1 Nave, RodQuantum state space (854 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Sons. Inc. ISBN 0-471-16433-X. David J. Griffiths (1995). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-124405-1. David H. McIntyre (2012)Paul Taunton Matthews (289 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
and Windus. ISBN 0-7011-1709-5. Matthews, Paul T. (1974). Introduction to quantum mechanics. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-084036-9. Salam, Abdus (OctoberGeorge C. Schatz (533 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
co-authored two books with his colleague Mark A. Ratner: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics in Chemistry and Quantum Mechanics in Chemistry. RecentlyDavid W. Oxtoby (543 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
15, 2007). "Can Safed become Israel's Aspen?". Israel21c. "Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, A Time Dependent Perspective, David Tannor". www.uscibooksEigenspinor (706 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
at Pseudovector under "Details" Griffiths, David J. (2005) Introduction to Quantum Mechanics(2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-111892-7S. M. Blinder (376 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Foundations of Quantum Dynamics (Academic Press, London, 1974) Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (Elsevier Academic Press, 2004; 2nd Edition 2020) Guide toTransmission coefficient (1,230 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
wikipedia article: Federal Standard 1037C Griffiths, David J. (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-111892-7.Instanton (6,385 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
"Self-Duality Equations on Riemann Surface". H.J.W. Müller-Kirsten, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Schrödinger Equation and Path Integral, 2nd ed. (World ScientificTriplet state (1,096 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
OCLC 23650343. Spin and Spin–Addition Griffiths, David J. (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-111892-8. ShankarPrinciples of Quantum Mechanics (806 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Economic Times. Retrieved 2017-09-25. "Politecnico di Torino | Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Statistics and Field Theory". didattica.polito.itAjoy Ghatak (765 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
University Press, ISBN 0-521-57785-3 Ghatak, Ajoy (1996), Introduction To Quantum Mechanics, Macmillan India Limited, ISBN 0-333-92419-3 Ghatak, Ajoy;Planck relation (801 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Reinhold, London, ISBN 0-442-30770-5. Griffiths, D.J. (1995). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River NJ, ISBN 0-13-124405-1Classical electron radius (824 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
counter-pedagogic. Electromagnetic mass David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Prentice-Hall, 1995, p. 155. ISBN 0-13-124405-1 Young, HughQuantum pendulum (1,016 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
University Press. ISBN 0-521-48491-X. Griffiths, David J. (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-111892-7. Muhammad AyubThe Quantum Universe (883 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
never patronize the reader. This could have been a brilliant introduction to quantum mechanics for the layperson. As it is, while it's not a total trainwreckExchange interaction (3,629 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
doi:10.1119/1.1590658. ISSN 0002-9505. David J. Griffiths: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Second Edition, pp. 207–210 Girvin, Steven M.; Yang, KunG-factor (physics) (1,546 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article
ISBN 978-3-662-05023-1. Griffiths, David J.; Schroeter, Darrell F. (2018). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-18963-8Stuart A. Rice (1,313 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
June 2007). "Can Safed become Israel's Aspen?". Israel21c. "Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, A Time Dependent Perspective, David Tannor". www.uscibooksYukawa potential (4,263 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
39l..55B. doi:10.1063/1.881048. Griffiths, David J. (2017). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pList of named differential equations (1,097 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493. Griffiths, David J. (2004), Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.), Prentice Hall, pp. 1–2, ISBN 0-13-111892-7 RaghebElectron degeneracy pressure (962 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
1088/0034-4885/53/7/001. ISSN 0034-4885. S2CID 250915046. Griffiths (2005). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (Second ed.). London, UK: Prentice Hall. Equation 5.46. ISBN 0131244051Commutator (2,556 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-201-01984-1 Griffiths, David J. (2004), Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.), Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-805326-X Herstein, I.Orbital motion (quantum) (2,641 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article
oscillations Orbital magnetization Griffiths, David J. (2005). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (Second ed.). Pearson Education. p. 179. ISBN 978-81-7758-230-7Constant of motion (1,548 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
ISBN 9780691130279. Retrieved 2011-05-05. Griffiths, David J. (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-805326-X.Quantum Computation and Quantum Information (815 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
project. Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview Chapter 2: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics Chapter 3: Introduction to Computer Science Chapter 4: QuantumMark Ratner (916 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Chemistry (with George C. Schatz) (2002-01-28) ISBN 0-486-42003-5 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics in Chemistry (with George C. Schatz) (2000-05-18) ISBN 0-13-895491-7Computational chemistry (8,356 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
chemistry include Linus Pauling and E. Bright Wilson's 1935 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics – with Applications to Chemistry, Eyring, Walter and Kimball'sJohn Dirk Walecka (689 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
to Classical Mechanics, World Scientific Publishing, 2020 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, World Scientific Publishing, 2021 "1996 Tom W. Bonner PrizeZeeman effect (5,318 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Leiden University (Netherlands) Griffiths, David J. (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 280. ISBN 0-13-111892-7. OCLC 40251748Back action (quantum) (869 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article
tudelft.nl. Retrieved 2023-11-01. Griffiths, David (2005). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). United States of America: Pearson Education IncHideki Yukawa (1,313 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Progress of Theoretical Physics, and published the books Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (1946) and Introduction to the Theory of Elementary ParticlesRegge theory (1,919 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
ISSN 0029-6341. S2CID 8151034. Harald J.W. Müller-Kirsten: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Schrödinger Equation and Path Integral, 2nd ed., World ScientificPhase qubit (2,335 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
1103/PhysRevLett.55.1543. PMID 10031852. Griffiths, David J. (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, 2nd ed. New York: Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 0-13-111892-7.M-theory (7,721 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
not rely on the theory of cosmic inflation. For a standard introduction to quantum mechanics, see Griffiths 2004. The necessity of a quantum mechanicalVariational method (quantum mechanics) (2,033 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article
1021/ed200040e. ISSN 0021-9584. Griffiths, D. J. (1995). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-124405-4Heterojunction (2,843 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
doi:10.1103/PhysRev.152.683. Griffiths, David J. (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-111892-7 Ivanov, SergeiPartial-wave analysis (1,443 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
this problem. Levinson's theorem Griffiths, J. D. (1995). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-111892-7. Messiah, AlbertWKB approximation (6,860 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
15.8 Hall 2013 Conclusion 15.5 Harald J.W. Müller-Kirsten, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Schrödinger Equation and Path Integral, 2nd ed. (World ScientificAnti-symmetric operator (1,911 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Griffiths, David J. (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-111892-7. McMahon, DavidÉlie Belorizky (461 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Nature. ISBN 9783030396688. Sakho, Ibrahima (2019). "Preface". Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 1: Thermal Radiation and Experimental Facts Regarding theGroup velocity (3,518 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
1974) pp 409–410 Online scan Griffiths, David J. (1995). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Prentice Hall. p. 48. ISBN 9780131244054. David K. FerryFine structure (3,097 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
incompatibility (help) German English Griffiths, David J. (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-805326-X. Liboff, RichardBeth Parks (925 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
physics & astronomy majors), Mathematical Methods for Physics, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics and Special Relativity, Electromagnetism, Thermodynamics andRectangular potential barrier (2,664 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Science Books. ISBN 978-0935702996. Griffiths, David J. (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-111892-7. Cohen-TannoudjiAtom localization (800 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Phillips, A. C. (2003). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons. Kapale, KishoreDipole (3,900 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-805326-X. Griffiths, David J. (1994). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-124405-4. Weast, Robert C. (1984)Quadrupole ion trap (3,166 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
University Press, Oxford, 1947), p. 20 H.J.W. Müller-Kirsten, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Schrödinger Equation and Path Integral, 2nd ed., World ScientificCoherent control (2,913 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
control and dynamics. CRC press, 2007. David J. Tannor, "Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: A Time-dependent Perspective", (University Science BooksLiouville's theorem (Hamiltonian) (4,046 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article
Predictability (PDF). pp. 48–49. Harald J.W. Müller-Kirsten, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Schrödinger Equation and Path Integral, 2nd ed., World ScientificClassical probability density (1,380 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
function Griffiths, David J.; Schroeter, Darrel F. (2018). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–13, 20, 53.Gaussian integral (4,365 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Eric W. "Gaussian Integral". MathWorld. Griffiths, David. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Abramowitz, M.; Stegun, I. A. Handbook of MathematicalHydrogen atom (6,024 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
doi:10.1002/prop.19820300802. Griffiths, David J. (1995). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-111892-7. Section 4.2 deals withSherman function (1,525 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
doi:10.1080/00107516908204794. Griffiths, Davis J. (2005). Introduction to quantum mechanics (2nd ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0131118927. CiulloChemistry (9,216 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Press) ISBN 0-8014-0333-2 Pauling, L., and Wilson, E. B. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics with Applications to Chemistry (Dover Publications) ISBN 0-486-64871-0Three-body problem (5,904 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
doi:10.1007/s10569-023-10177-w. Griffiths, David J. (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 311. ISBN 978-0-13-111892-8.Time's Arrow and Archimedes' Point (1,547 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
retrocausality is examined. This chapter is a self-contained introduction to quantum mechanics. It introduces the EPR paradox and the measurement problemMethod of matched asymptotic expansions (3,217 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
angew. Math. 212 (1963) 26-48. H.J.W. Müller-Kirsten (2012), Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Schrödinger Equation and Path Integral, 2nd ed., World ScientificCoulomb's law (6,652 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Retrieved 2022-10-09. Griffiths, David J. (16 August 2018). Introduction to quantum mechanics (Third ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom. ISBN 978-1-107-18963-8Unitary transformation (quantum mechanics) (2,470 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article
67–72. ISBN 978-93-325-1900-8. Griffiths, David J. (2005). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (Second ed.). Pearson. pp. 24–29. ISBN 978-0-13-191175-8.Bose–Einstein statistics (6,051 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-779208-5. Griffiths, David J. (2005). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, Prentice HallParticle in a one-dimensional lattice (3,625 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
.179S. doi:10.1119/1.13321. Harald J. W. Müller-Kirsten, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Schrödinger Equation and Path Integral, 2nd ed., World ScientificCross section (physics) (5,766 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
576. Griffiths 2005, p. 409. Griffiths, David J. (2005). Introduction to quantum mechanics. Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-111892-7. OCLC 53926857Applications of quantum mechanics (1,157 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
pp. 9–13). Pauling, Linus; Wilson, Edgar Bright (1985). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics with Applications to Chemistry. ISBN 9780486648712. RetrievedAdS/CFT correspondence (6,680 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Random House. ISBN 978-0-9650888-0-0. Griffiths, David (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-111892-8. Gubser, Steven;Propagator (6,183 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-60386-4. Griffiths, D. J. (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-131-11892-7. HalliwellParticle in a box (5,885 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
book.....H. ISBN 978-1461471158. Griffiths, David J. (2004). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-111892-8. WikimediaFinite potential well (4,196 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
1142/3142. ISBN 978-981-02-2707-4. Griffiths, David J. (2005). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-111892-7. Hall, BrianVector space (11,491 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Hall, ISBN 978-0-412-60610-6 Griffiths, David J. (1995), Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, ISBN 978-0-13-124405-4Force (11,777 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
by the attractive electrostatic forces. Griffiths (2005). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Second Edition. London, UK: Prentice Hall. pp. 221–223. ISBN 0131244051Umdeutung paper (2,818 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Jordan's Quantum Mechanics in Simple Matrix Form, p. 6 See Introduction to quantum mechanics. by Henrik Smith, p. 58 for a readable introduction. ThomasDuane's hypothesis (2,926 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Chicago, pp. 77–78. Pauling, L.C., Wilson, E.B. (1935). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: with Applications to Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, ppDouble-well potential (2,697 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
equation; see Mathieu function. Harald J.W. Müller-Kirsten, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Schrödinger Equation and Path Integral, 2nd ed., (World ScientificLaguerre polynomials (6,005 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
page 102, Equation (5.1.16) Griffiths, David J. (2005). Introduction to quantum mechanics (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.Helium atom (5,989 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
(2nd ed.). Pearson Education. Griffiths, David I. (2005). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (Second ed.). Pearson Education. Quantum Theory of AtomicMagnetic resonance (quantum mechanics) (3,284 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article
authors list (link) Cohen-Tannoudji Claude. Quantum Mechanics. Wiley-VCH. Griffiths David J. An Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Pearson Education, Inc.Palash Baran Pal (1,480 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
ISBN=9781108729116 Archived 1 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine Introduction to Quantum Mechanics A text book on Quantum Mechanics for advance undergraduateAdiabatic theorem (4,537 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
1007/s002200050620. S2CID 14294926. Griffiths, David J. (2005). "10". Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-111892-7. Zwiebach, BartonBessel function (12,307 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Abramowitz and Stegun, p. 439, 10.1.23, 10.1.24. Griffiths. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, 2nd edition, p. 154. Du, Hong (2004). "Mie-scattering calculation"Universal multiport interferometer (4,174 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
University Press. Nielsen, M. A., & Chuang, I. L. (2010). Introduction to quantum mechanics. In Quantum Computation and Quantum Information: 10th AnniversaryTwo-state quantum system (6,603 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.58.2733. Griffiths, David (2005). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). p. 353. Feynman, R.P. (1965). "7-5 and 10-7". TheMathieu function (8,408 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
incompatibility (help) Müller-Kirsten, Harald J.W. (2012). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Schrödinger Equation and Path Integral (2nd ed.). World ScientificNeutral particle oscillation (6,906 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
1103/PhysRevLett.89.011301. PMID 12097025. Griffiths, D.J. (2005). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. Pearson Education International. ISBN 978-0-13-191175-8.