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searching for Time complexity 323 found (574 total)

Generation of primes (1,154 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

asymptotic time complexity does not mean that a practical implementation runs faster than an algorithm with a greater asymptotic time complexity: If in order

Interpolation attack (2,288 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

n} unknown coefficients in p ( x ) {\displaystyle p(x)} . Then the time complexity for this attack is n {\displaystyle n} , requiring n {\displaystyle

Push–relabel maximum flow algorithm (4,257 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

has O(V 2√E) time complexity and is generally regarded as the benchmark for maximum flow algorithms. Subcubic O(VElog(V 2/E)) time complexity can be achieved

Parallel RAM (1,275 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(such as time complexity), the PRAM is used by parallel-algorithm designers to model parallel algorithmic performance (such as time complexity, where the

Isolation forest (1,730 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

binary trees. It was developed by Fei Tony Liu in 2008. It has a linear time complexity and a low memory use, which works well for high-volume data. It is

Double-ended queue (2,281 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

amortized time is O(1) if the persistency is not used; but the worst-time complexity of an operation is O(n) where n is the number of elements in the double-ended

Kirkpatrick–Reisch sort (86 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

limited-size integer keys. It is notable for having an asymptotic time complexity that is better than radix sort. Czajka, Tomek (2020-06-06). "Faster

DLOGTIME (192 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cells that can be accessed by the machine. It is a very weak model of time complexity: no random-access Turing machine with a smaller deterministic time

Rope (data structure) (1,777 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

the string s, to form a new string C1, ..., Ci, S', Ci + 1, ..., Cm. Time complexity: ⁠ O ( log ⁡ N ) {\displaystyle O(\log N)} ⁠. This operation can be

Painter's algorithm (1,380 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

pixel that p covers: paint p.color on pixel The painter's algorithm's time-complexity depends on the sorting algorithm used to order the polygons. Assuming

UPGMA (2,430 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to construct the UPGMA tree has O ( n 3 ) {\displaystyle O(n^{3})} time complexity, and using a heap for each cluster to keep its distances from other

Quantum sort (165 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

better than classical ones, and should be disregarded when it comes to time complexity. However, in space-bounded sorts, quantum algorithms outperform their

Overhead (computing) (822 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

Overhead in computer systems consists of shared functions that benefit all users or processes but are not directly attributable to any specific task. It

GOST (block cipher) (1,339 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

to reduce time complexity from 2256 to 2228 at the cost of huge memory requirements, and soon they were improved up to 2178 time complexity (at the cost

Double-ended priority queue (1,471 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Operation Time complexity init() O(n) isEmpty() O(1) getmin() O(1) getmax() O(1) size() O(1) insert(x) O(log n) removeMin() O(log n) removeMax() O(log

Memory hierarchy (1,181 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

computer storage into a hierarchy based on response time. Since response time, complexity, and capacity are related, the levels may also be distinguished by

DES-X (533 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ciphertext-only attack with the same data complexity and 295 offline time complexity. G-DES Meet-in-the-middle attack Triple DES Xor–encrypt–xor Biham,

Quadratic programming (1,910 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Quadratic programming (QP) is the process of solving certain mathematical optimization problems involving quadratic functions. Specifically, one seeks

Continued fraction factorization (273 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

n is square, in which case the factorization is obvious). It has a time complexity of O ( e 2 log ⁡ n log ⁡ log ⁡ n ) = L n [ 1 / 2 , 2 ] {\displaystyle

Commentz-Walter algorithm (789 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Aho-Corasick to the Commentz-Walter Algorithm yields results with the idea of time complexity. Aho-Corasick is considered linear O(m+n+k) where k is the number of

Threefish (1,332 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the time complexity is 2 226 {\displaystyle 2^{226}} and the memory complexity is 2 12 {\displaystyle 2^{12}} ; for the 33-round version, the time complexity

Pairing heap (2,279 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Various merging strategies are employed. The analysis of pairing heaps' time complexity was initially inspired by that of splay trees. The amortized time per

Profiling (computer programming) (2,250 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

program analysis that measures, for example, the space (memory) or time complexity of a program, the usage of particular instructions, or the frequency

Lucas–Lehmer primality test (3,503 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to square a p-bit number. Since this happens O(p) times, the total time complexity is O(p3). A more efficient multiplication algorithm is the Schönhage–Strassen

Salsa20 (3,577 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

on Salsa20/6 with estimated time complexity of 2177, and a related-key attack on Salsa20/7 with estimated time complexity of 2217. In 2007, Tsunoo et

Flex (lexical analyser generator) (1,177 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

nondeterministic finite automaton. A Flex lexical analyzer usually has time complexity O ( n ) {\displaystyle O(n)} in the length of the input. That is, it

Circuit complexity (2,565 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

gates. If a certain language, A {\displaystyle A} , belongs to the time-complexity class TIME ( t ( n ) ) {\displaystyle {\text{TIME}}(t(n))} for some

Meet-in-the-middle attack (3,217 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

an element of exponential complexity to overall time complexity of this MD-MITM attack. Time complexity of this attack without brute force, is 2 | k f

Associative array (2,775 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

search trees is significantly better than that of a hash table, with a time complexity in big O notation of O(log n). This is in contrast to hash tables,

Computational learning theory (873 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

addition to performance bounds, computational learning theory studies the time complexity and feasibility of learning.[citation needed] In computational learning

Discrete wavelet transform (5,257 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

In numerical analysis and functional analysis, a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is any wavelet transform for which the wavelets are discretely sampled

Gram–Schmidt process (4,420 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

In mathematics, particularly linear algebra and numerical analysis, the Gram–Schmidt process or Gram-Schmidt algorithm is a way of finding a set of two

Semidefinite programming (4,694 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

decide whether it has at least one feasible solution. The exact run-time complexity of this problem is unknown (as of 1997). However, Ramana proved the

3-opt (306 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

tried in a network. A single pass through all triples of edges has a time complexity of O ( n 3 ) {\displaystyle O(n^{3})} . Iterated 3-opt, in which passes

Ellipsoid method (3,657 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

g_{j}^{T}(z-x^{(k)})+f_{j}(x^{(k)})\leqslant 0} for all feasible z. The run-time complexity guarantee of the ellipsoid method in the real RAM model is given by

Kupyna (540 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Kupyna-256 reduced to 4 rounds with time complexity 267 and on Kupyna-256 reduced to 5 rounds with time complexity 2120, based on rebound attacks on Grøstl

IDEA NXT (219 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cryptanalysis Integral attack on 7 round NXT64 with time complexity of 2237.4 and on 5 round NXT128 with time complexity of 2205.6 by Wu Wenling, Zhang Wentao, and

Point-set triangulation (1,142 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}} has been processed. The following table reports time complexity results for the construction of triangulations of point sets in the

Quickhull (1,052 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to that of quicksort, from which its name derives. Its worst case time complexity for 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional space is O ( n 2 ) {\displaystyle

Flooding algorithm (228 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

jump flooding algorithm is potentially much faster as it has a lower time complexity. Unlike the flood fill algorithm, however, the jump flooding algorithm

MAFFT (2,079 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Distance Matrix's time complexity is O(N^2L^2) where N is the number of sequences and L is the length of the sequence. This time complexity is because the

Data compression (7,525 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mapping data onto a signal. Data Compression algorithms present a space-time complexity trade-off between the bytes needed to store or transmit information

Khufu and Khafre (839 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

recover the secret key. It requires 243 chosen plaintexts and has a 243 time complexity (Gilbert and Chauvaud, 1994). 232 plaintexts and complexity are required

Tiny Encryption Algorithm (1,189 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

requires 223 chosen plaintexts under a related-key pair, with 232 time complexity. Because of these weaknesses, the XTEA cipher was designed. The first

Yen's algorithm (2,179 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

it is possible for each path to have N {\displaystyle N} nodes. The time complexity of Yen's algorithm is dependent on the shortest path algorithm used

Pointer machine (1,556 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in a context where this measure is known to underestimate the true time complexity. The same observation holds for the space measure for the machine"

RIPEMD (857 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

EUROCRYPT 2023, which could reach 36 rounds out of 80 rounds with time complexity of 264.5. In December 2023, an improved collision attack was found

Smith normal form (2,877 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

In mathematics, the Smith normal form (sometimes abbreviated SNF) is a normal form that can be defined for any matrix (not necessarily square) with entries

Soft heap (1,250 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

variant on the simple heap data structure that has constant amortized time complexity for 5 types of operations. This is achieved by carefully "corrupting"

Kirkpatrick–Seidel algorithm (664 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

plane, with O ( n log ⁡ h ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}(n\log h)} time complexity, where n {\displaystyle n} is the number of input points and h {\displaystyle

Pohlig–Hellman algorithm (1,035 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle x_{e}} . The algorithm computes discrete logarithms in time complexity O ( e p ) {\displaystyle O(e{\sqrt {p}})} , far better than the baby-step

Computer performance (2,841 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

far from being a free lunch. Data compression is subject to a space–time complexity trade-off. This is an important performance feature of mobile systems

Coffman–Graham algorithm (1,934 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Coffman & Graham (1972) and Lenstra & Rinnooy Kan (1978) state the time complexity of the Coffman–Graham algorithm, on an n-element partial order, to

Time hierarchy theorem (2,467 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

f(m)3 operations (since it is known that a simulation of a machine of time complexity T(n) for can be achieved in time O ( T ( n ) ⋅ | M | ) {\displaystyle

Toom–Cook multiplication (3,095 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in 2005. An implementation described by Donald Knuth achieves the time complexity Θ(n 2√2 log n log n). Due to its overhead, Toom–Cook is slower than

Graph isomorphism (1,643 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

retracted the quasi-polynomiality claim and stated a sub-exponential time complexity bound instead. He restored the original claim five days later. As of

Convex hull algorithms (2,271 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

planar case. There are several algorithms which attain this optimal time complexity. The earliest one was introduced by Kirkpatrick and Seidel in 1986

Coin problem (3,909 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

are possible. The Shellsort algorithm is a sorting algorithm whose time complexity is currently an open problem. The worst case complexity has an upper

Birkhoff algorithm (1,507 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Birkhoff's algorithm (also called Birkhoff-von-Neumann algorithm) is an algorithm for decomposing a bistochastic matrix into a convex combination of permutation

Prince (cipher) (1,376 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

complexity of 118.56 bits has been published. An attack on 7 rounds with time complexity of 257 operations has been published. A differential fault attack has

Variable elimination (901 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distributions over a subset of variables. The algorithm has exponential time complexity, but could be efficient in practice for low-treewidth graphs, if the

Self-stabilization (2,259 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

demonstrate the link between self-stabilization and game theory. The time complexity of a self-stabilizing algorithm is measured in (asynchronous) rounds

Iterative deepening A* (898 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

only linear in the length of the solution that it constructs. Its time complexity is analyzed by Korf et al. under the assumption that the heuristic

Exponential time hypothesis (3,061 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

many known algorithms for these problems have optimal or near-optimal time complexity. The k {\displaystyle k} -SAT problem is a version of the Boolean satisfiability

Bowyer–Watson algorithm (658 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

describes a basic implementation of the Bowyer-Watson algorithm. Its time complexity is O ( n 2 ) {\displaystyle O(n^{2})} . Efficiency can be improved

NSPACE (485 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\mathsf {DSPACE}}[(s(n))^{2}].} NSPACE can also be used to determine the time complexity of a deterministic Turing machine by the following theorem: If a language

Lucifer (cipher) (749 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

keys, the cipher can be broken with 236 chosen plaintexts and 236 time complexity. IBM submitted the Feistel-network version of Lucifer as a candidate

Sieve of Atkin (1,995 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

even though an optimized implementation may again settle to a O(n) time complexity, this constant factor of increased time per operations means that the

Simon (cipher) (1,841 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Differential cryptanalysis can break 46 rounds of Simon128/128 with 2125.6 data, 240.6 bytes memory and time complexity of 2125.7 with success rate of 0.632.

Chan's algorithm (3,663 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and a 3-dimensional version of Jarvis's march needs to be used. The time complexity remains O ( n log ⁡ h ) {\displaystyle O(n\log h)} . In the following

Heat kernel signature (2,356 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

A heat kernel signature (HKS) is a feature descriptor for use in deformable shape analysis and belongs to the group of spectral shape analysis methods

DBSCAN (3,508 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to different clusters). For practical considerations, however, the time complexity is mostly governed by the number of regionQuery invocations. DBSCAN

Las Vegas algorithm (2,504 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

with different time limits since Las Vegas algorithms do not have set time complexity. Here are some possible application scenarios: Type 1: There are no

Advanced Encryption Standard (5,566 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

so-called Super-S-box. It works on the 8-round version of AES-128, with a time complexity of 248, and a memory complexity of 232. 128-bit AES uses 10 rounds

Graver basis (2,144 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

O\left(m^{g(k)}n^{k}\right)} and can be computed in that much time. The time complexity of solving some of the applications discussed above, such as multi-dimensional

Data Encryption Standard (6,543 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Junod (2001) performed several experiments to determine the actual time complexity of linear cryptanalysis, and reported that it was somewhat faster than

CUR matrix approximation (960 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

vectors): There are methods to calculate it with lower asymptotic time complexity versus the SVD. The matrices are more interpretable; The meanings of

Power of three (910 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Etsuji; Tanaka, Akira; Takahashi, Haruhisa (2006), "The worst-case time complexity for generating all maximal cliques and computational experiments",

List of mathematical logic topics (1,012 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

arithmetic Computational complexity theory Polynomial time Exponential time Complexity class Complexity classes P and NP Cook's theorem List of complexity

AKS primality test (2,448 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

version of the above-cited paper, the authors proved the asymptotic time complexity of the algorithm to be O ~ ( log ⁡ ( n ) 12 ) {\displaystyle {\tilde

Teknomo–Fernandez algorithm (1,258 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Teknomo–Fernandez algorithm (TF algorithm), is an efficient algorithm for generating the background image of a given video sequence. By assuming that

Memoization (3,744 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

backtracking recursive descent parser to solve the problem of exponential time complexity. The basic idea in Norvig's approach is that when a parser is applied

Teiresias algorithm (986 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the longest input sequence. The algorithm is "output-sensitive." The time complexity of the TEIRESIAS algorithm is O ( W L m log ⁡ m + W ( C m + t H ) ∑

Linear cryptanalysis (812 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

linear (and differential) cryptanalysis of block ciphers "Improving the Time Complexity of Matsui's Linear Cryptanalysis", improves the complexity thanks to

Theory of computation (2,184 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

efficiently the problem can be solved. Two major aspects are considered: time complexity and space complexity, which are respectively how many steps it takes

Cryptomeria cipher (675 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

full-round cipher in three different scenarios; it presents a 224 time complexity attack to recover the S-box in a chosen-key scenario, a 248 boomerang

Bit numbering (842 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

_{i=0}^{N-1}b_{i}\cdot 2^{N-1-i}} LSb of a number can be calculated with time complexity of O ( n ) {\displaystyle O(n)} with formula a & ( ∼ a + 1 ) {\displaystyle

Single-linkage clustering (2,481 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

understand but slow, with time complexity O ( n 3 ) {\displaystyle O(n^{3})} . In 1973, R. Sibson proposed an algorithm with time complexity O ( n 2 ) {\displaystyle

M-ary tree (2,761 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

tree by a constant factor and would not affect the overall worst-case time complexity. In other words, O ( log m ⁡ n ) ≡ O ( log 2 ⁡ n ) {\textstyle O(\log

Proportional approval voting (2,652 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

polynomial-time, making transparency easy. However, the worst-case time complexity is NP-complete, meaning that for some elections it can be difficult

Quantum complexity theory (3,628 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

quantum computers are more powerful than classical computers in terms of time complexity. BQP is a subset of PP. The exact relationship of BQP to P, NP, and

Bin packing problem (6,986 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

approximation guarantee while maintaining the advantage of their small time-complexity. A sub-category of offline heuristics is asymptotic approximation schemes

Quadratic (431 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

objects Quadratic time, in referring to algorithms with quadratic time complexity Quadratic (collection), a 1953 collection of science fiction novels

Alternating step generator (565 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

give a cryptanalysis of the ASG allowing various tradeoffs between time complexity and the amount of output needed to mount the attack, e.g. with asymptotic

Kendall rank correlation coefficient (5,081 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

estimator have O ( n ⋅ log ⁡ n ) {\displaystyle O(n\cdot \log {n})} time complexity. However, these algorithms necessitate the availability of all data

Equihash (741 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which determine the algorithm's time and memory requirements. The time complexity is proportional to 2 n k + 1 + d {\displaystyle 2^{{\frac {n}{k+1}}+d}}

Simmons–Su protocols (2,087 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Simmons–Su protocols are several protocols for envy-free division. They are based on Sperner's lemma. The merits of these protocols is that they put

Contraction hierarchies (3,442 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Preprocessing Time Complexity of Contraction Hierarchies Algorithm Year Time Complexity Randomized Processing 2015 O ( n 2 log ⁡ n + n m ) {\displaystyle

Software transactional memory (2,117 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

benefits of STM.[citation needed] Theoretically, the worst case space and time complexity of n concurrent transactions is O(n). Actual needs depend on implementation

Five-dimensional space (1,598 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

1007/s40509-022-00276-y. Dinov, Ivo; Velev, Milen (2021). Data Science - Time Complexity, Inferential Uncertainty, and Spacekime Analytics. Boston/Berlin: De

Ackermann function (6,786 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

composition and primitive recursion. The Ackermann function appears in the time complexity of some algorithms, such as vector addition systems and Petri net reachability

Online algorithm (703 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

accurately represent past inputs; dynamic algorithm: focusing on the time complexity of maintaining solutions to problems with online inputs. Some online

K shortest path routing (1,245 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the k-shortest paths are determined in O(m + kn log n) asymptotic time complexity (using big O notation. In 1998, David Eppstein reported an approach

Distributed minimum spanning tree (2,554 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

^{*}V+D)} where D is the network, or graph diameter. A lower bound on the time complexity of the solution has been eventually shown to be Ω ( V log ⁡ V + D )

Boomerang attack (864 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which has been encrypted under one of four related keys and has a time complexity equivalent to 276.1 KASUMI encryptions. Joux, Antoine; Peyrin, Thomas

Karp–Lipton theorem (2,269 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

polynomial time problems, can be contained in the non-uniform polynomial time complexity class P/poly, then this assumption implies the collapse of the polynomial

Undercut procedure (1,357 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The undercut procedure is a procedure for fair item assignment between two people. It provably finds a complete envy-free item assignment whenever such

Multidimensional DSP with GPU acceleration (2,902 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

problems and be processed altogether at one time so that the overall time complexity can be reduced significantly. For example, multiplying two M × M matrices

List of convexity topics (1,173 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

finding the convex hull of a finite set of points in the plane with time complexity O(n log n) Hadwiger conjecture (combinatorial geometry) - any convex

Multiple time dimensions (1,071 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

ISBN 9780387776385. Dinov, Ivo; Velev, Milen (2021). Data Science - Time Complexity, Inferential Uncertainty, and Spacekime Analytics. Boston/Berlin: De

Maximal pair (493 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

In computer science, a maximal pair within a string is a pair of matching substrings that are maximal, where "maximal" means that it is not possible to

Persistent data structure (6,207 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

case modification time complexity is O(log n + update cost). However, in a linked list the worst case modification time complexity is O(n + update cost)

Tiger (hash function) (910 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Lucks have found a collision-finding attack on 16-round Tiger with a time complexity equivalent to about 244 compression function invocations and another

Distance matrix (4,098 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the number of points, the complexity of hierarchical clustering is: Time complexity is O ( N 3 ) {\displaystyle O(N^{3})} due to the repetitive calculations

David Mount (1,043 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to the nearest neighbor query, a significant speedup in space and time complexity can be obtained. One class of approximate algorithms takes as input

Even–Paz protocol (866 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1948. Its run-time complexity was O(n^2). in 1984, Shimon Even and Azaria Paz published their improved algorithm, whose run-time complexity is only O(n

Eli Biham (348 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

- joint work with Stav Perle Efficient slide attacks with reduced time complexity Biham has taken part in the design of several new cryptographic primitives:

Purely functional data structure (1,392 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

operations are rare enough, and do not change the asymptotical evolution of time complexity when a sequence of operations is considered.[citation needed] In general

Dehn function (3,939 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

obtained by Sapir, Birget and Rips who showed that most "reasonable" time complexity functions of Turing machines can be realized, up to natural equivalence

Priority queue (4,891 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that do many "peek" operations for every "extract-min" operation, the time complexity for peek actions can be reduced to O(1) in all tree and heap implementations

Death diving (527 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

and elbows to avoid serious injury; dives are judged on speed, air time, complexity, how long the diver holds the original pose, the closing and the splash

Level set (data structures) (1,260 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

active voxels immediately surrounding the interface, thus reducing the time complexity in three dimensions to O ( n 2 ) {\displaystyle O(n^{2})} for most

Binomial options pricing model (2,061 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

simulation. Monte Carlo simulations will generally have a polynomial time complexity, and will be faster for large numbers of simulation steps. Monte Carlo

Algorithm (6,735 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

involve some randomness. Whether randomized algorithms with polynomial time complexity can be the fastest algorithm for some problems is an open question

Baby-step giant-step (1,061 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the algorithm is O ( n ) {\displaystyle O({\sqrt {n}})} , while the time complexity of the algorithm is O ( n ) {\displaystyle O({\sqrt {n}})} . This running

Cook–Levin theorem (2,355 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

exists an oracle A such that, for all subexponential deterministic-time complexity classes T, the relativized complexity class NPA is not a subset of

Broadcast (parallel pattern) (2,046 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

Broadcast is a collective communication primitive in parallel programming to distribute programming instructions or data to nodes in a cluster. It is the

Tree alignment (2,313 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

However, whatever the degree of multiple-sequence similarity is, the time complexity of star alignment has a proportional relationship with the square of

Context-free language (2,134 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

process of producing this tree is called parsing. Known parsers have a time complexity that is cubic in the size of the string that is parsed. Formally, the

Tree alignment (2,313 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

However, whatever the degree of multiple-sequence similarity is, the time complexity of star alignment has a proportional relationship with the square of

Adiabatic quantum computation (2,010 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

equivalent to conventional quantum computing in the circuit model. The time complexity for an adiabatic algorithm is the time taken to complete the adiabatic

Centrality (6,733 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

game-theory. The approach proposed in uses the Shapley value. Because of the time-complexity hardness of the Shapley value calculation, most efforts in this domain

Rectilinear minimum spanning tree (332 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

particular, using Prim's algorithm with an adjacency matrix yields time complexity O(n2). In the planar case, more efficient algorithms exist. They are

Exponential growth (3,250 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for only a constant increase in problem size. So for an algorithm of time complexity 2x, if a problem of size x = 10 requires 10 seconds to complete, and

Stoer–Wagner algorithm (2,618 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

In graph theory, the Stoer–Wagner algorithm is a recursive algorithm to solve the minimum cut problem in undirected weighted graphs with non-negative weights

Recurrent neural network (10,298 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

space. For recursively computing the partial derivatives, RTRL has a time-complexity of O(number of hidden x number of weights) per time step for computing

Pathfinding (1,881 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in this case is known as the Bellman–Ford algorithm, which yields a time complexity of O ( | V | | E | ) {\displaystyle O(|V||E|)} , or quadratic time

Universal Turing machine (2,946 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

notation. The corresponding result for space-complexity rather than time-complexity is that we can simulate in a way that uses at most CN cells at any

Quantum circuit (3,330 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

design, it's possible to achieve a hardware architecture with O(n) time complexity, where 'n' denotes the number of qubits. In contrast, the runtime of

Flow network (3,042 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Well-known algorithms for the Maximum Flow Problem Inventor(s) Year Time complexity (with n nodes and m arcs) Dinic's algorithm 1970 O(mn2) Edmonds–Karp

Video coding format (3,692 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

specification. Free choice of algorithm also allows different space–time complexity trade-offs for the same video coding format, so a live feed can use

Mathematical optimization (6,012 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

theoretical interest, particularly in establishing the polynomial time complexity of some combinatorial optimization problems. It has similarities with

Jack Edmonds (1,543 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

hypergraphs. A recurring theme in his work is to seek algorithms whose time complexity is polynomially bounded by their input size and bit-complexity. From

Complexity and Real Computation (852 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

algebraic curves, the condition number of systems of equations, and the time complexity of linear programming with rational coefficients. Part III provides

Distributed computing (5,737 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Schneider, J.; Wattenhofer, R. (2011). "Trading Bit, Message, and Time Complexity of Distributed Algorithms". In Peleg, D. (ed.). Distributed Computing

Square root (6,185 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which a polynomial or piecewise-linear approximation can be used. The time complexity for computing a square root with n digits of precision is equivalent

K-medoids (1,418 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

exists a good medoid for the combination. These approaches have a run time complexity of O ( n 3 ) {\displaystyle O(n^{3})} , and when the dendrogram is

GLR parser (850 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

tree. Recognition using the GLR algorithm has the same worst-case time complexity as the CYK algorithm and Earley algorithm: O(n3).[citation needed]

Prime number (14,165 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

rigorous proofs. The AKS primality test has mathematically proven time complexity, but is slower than elliptic curve primality proving in practice. These

DFA minimization (3,043 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

checking whether it is present), this algorithm can be implemented with time complexity O ( n + m ) {\displaystyle O(n+m)} , where n {\displaystyle n} is the

Pathological (mathematics) (2,386 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Quicksort normally has O ( n log ⁡ n ) {\displaystyle O(n\log {n})} time complexity, but deteriorates to O ( n 2 ) {\displaystyle O(n^{2})} when it is

Total functional programming (721 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

recurs to a maximum depth of the length of the vector (worst-case time complexity O(n2)). A quicksort implementation on lists (which would be rejected

Safe and Sophie Germain primes (2,762 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

O(log12n) to O(log6n). A later version of the paper is shown to have time complexity O(log7.5n) which can also be lowered to O(log6n) using the conjecture

Time Warp Edit Distance (1,816 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

common subsequence problem)), TWED is a metric. Its computational time complexity is O ( n 2 ) {\displaystyle O(n^{2})} , but can be drastically reduced

Precomputation (642 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

block of memory. Because memory access is essentially constant in time complexity (except for caching delays), any algorithm with a component which has

Monoque (211 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

push_back/pop_back functions are not amortized and are strictly O(1) in time complexity. Because the block list is never reallocated or resized, it maintains

Square-root sum problem (1,436 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Unsolved problem in computer science: What is the Turing run-time complexity of the square-root sum problem? (more unsolved problems in computer science)

Transitive closure (2,306 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the problem to multiplications of adjacency matrices achieves the time complexity of matrix multiplication, O ( n 2.3728596 ) {\displaystyle O(n^{2.3728596})}

Wang Xiaoyun (556 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Frances Yao, was announced at the CRYPTO conference rump session. The time complexity of the new attack is claimed to be 263. In 2019, she was named a Fellow

Nested loop join (335 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for each tuple s in S in the index lookup do yield tuple <r,s> The time complexity for this variation improves from O ( | R | | S | ) to O ( | R | log

Control-flow graph (1,548 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

DFST chosen. Loop connectedness has been used to reason about the time complexity of data-flow analysis. While control-flow graphs represent the control

Golden ratio (12,945 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle O(M(n))} , where M ( n ) {\displaystyle M(n)} is the time complexity of multiplying two n {\displaystyle n} -digit numbers. This is considerably

Error correction code (4,681 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

maximum) using an iterated soft-decision decoding approach, at linear time complexity in terms of their block length. Practical implementations rely heavily

Viterbi algorithm (2,664 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

inclusive do path[t] ← prev[t + 1][path[t + 1]] return path end The time complexity of the algorithm is O ( T × | S | 2 ) {\displaystyle O(T\times \left|{S}\right|^{2})}

Pollard's kangaroo algorithm (1,287 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

S {\displaystyle S} and/or f {\displaystyle f} . Pollard gives the time complexity of the algorithm as O ( b − a ) {\displaystyle O({\sqrt {b-a}})} ,

Invertible matrix (6,986 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of associated symmetric matrices to invert a matrix with the same time complexity as the matrix multiplication algorithm that is used internally. Research

KASUMI (2,555 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which has been encrypted under one of four related keys, and has a time complexity equivalent to 276.1 KASUMI encryptions. While this is obviously not

Ludwig Lachmann (1,519 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

ISBN 978-0945466413. (on Lachmann's view of government) Peter Lewin (1996). "Time, Complexity, and Change: Ludwig M. Lachmann's Contributions to the Theory of Capital"

Nati Linial (647 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

locality level of various distributed problems, in terms of their time complexity on different classes of networks. Towards that goal, in this paper

Speck (cipher) (2,411 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

attacks on Speck (in standard attack model) Variant Rounds attacked Time complexity Data complexity Space complexity Attack type Speck128/256 25/34 (74%)

Partial correlation (3,475 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

implementing this computation as a recursive algorithm yields an exponential time complexity. However, this computation has the overlapping subproblems property

Connected-component labeling (3,192 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The time complexity is comparable to the two pass algorithm if the foreground covers a significant part of the image. Otherwise the time complexity is

Integer programming (4,207 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

reduced to a bounded number of lower-dimensional problems. The run-time complexity of the algorithm has been improved in several steps: The original algorithm

Feedback with Carry Shift Registers (1,077 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

length about 2 L {\displaystyle 2L} to be successful and have quadratic time complexity. It follows that, as with LFSRs and linear complexity, any stream cipher

Cosegregation (2,254 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

adding each loci adds a single computation to the equation, a linear time complexity is the result. The picture below shows how the amount of loci affects

Linear complementarity problem (1,753 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

algorithm of Dantzig have been used for decades. Besides having polynomial time complexity, interior-point methods are also effective in practice. Also, a quadratic-programming

Chordal graph (2,164 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

NP-complete whereas the probe graph problem on chordal graphs has polynomial-time complexity. The set of all perfect elimination orderings of a chordal graph can

Assignment problem (2,534 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

augmenting paths (alternating paths between unmatched vertices). Its run-time complexity, when using Fibonacci heaps, is O ( m n + n 2 log ⁡ n ) {\displaystyle

Mildly context-sensitive grammar formalism (2,034 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

generated by G – that is, whether w is "grammatical" according to G. The time complexity of this problem is measured in terms of the combined size of G and w

Denotational semantics (3,769 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

usage (see e.g. proof nets, coherence spaces) and also polynomial time complexity. The problem of full abstraction for the sequential programming language

Fagin's theorem (599 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

MR 0371622. Grandjean, Étienne (1985). "Universal quantifiers and time complexity of random access machines". Mathematical Systems Theory. 18 (2): 171–187

Visibility polygon (1,859 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the problem (e.g. different types of obstacles), algorithms vary in time complexity. Naive algorithms are easy to understand and implement, but they are

Savitch's theorem (1,038 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that a similar relationship does not exist between the polynomial time complexity classes, P and NP, although this is still an open question. NL ⊆ L2

Dynamization (578 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

operation to be added. Kurt Mehlhorn proved several equations for time complexity of operations on the data structures dynamized according to this idea

A5/1 (2,725 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

presented an attack based on solving sets of linear equations which has a time complexity of 240.16 (the units are in terms of number of solutions of a system

Triangle-free graph (2,524 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

algorithm which again relies on matrix multiplication, since it gets the time complexity down to O ( n ω ) {\displaystyle O(n^{\omega })} , where n {\displaystyle

Simon's problem (3,087 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the probability of success arbitrarily, while still having the same time complexity. Consider the simplest instance of the algorithm, with n = 1 {\displaystyle

A5/1 (2,725 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

presented an attack based on solving sets of linear equations which has a time complexity of 240.16 (the units are in terms of number of solutions of a system

Compressed cover tree (1,320 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

representation of cover tree that was motivated by past issues in proofs of time complexity results of cover tree. The compressed cover tree was specifically designed

Neighbor joining (2,881 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Implementing this in a straightforward way leads to an algorithm with a time complexity of O ( n 3 ) {\displaystyle O(n^{3})} ; implementations exist which

Betweenness centrality (2,188 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

controlling the trade-off between exploration and exploitation. The time complexity is the number of edges times the number of nodes in the graph. An approximate

Real closed field (2,982 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle \Omega (n)} is big Omega notation. This shows that both the time complexity and the space complexity of quantifier elimination are intrinsically

Eulerian path (3,269 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

algorithm after the removal of every edge, Fleury's algorithm will have a time complexity of O ( | E | 2 ) {\displaystyle O(|E|^{2})} . A dynamic bridge-finding

Simplex algorithm (6,186 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Technology. Greenberg, Harvey J., Klee–Minty Polytope Shows Exponential Time Complexity of Simplex Method the University of Colorado at Denver (1997) PDF download

Synchronizer (algorithm) (199 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

synchronizer: This has low time complexity but high message complexity. Beta synchronizer: This has high time complexity but low message complexity.

Fair cake-cutting (4,016 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

pieces, and the value functions are additive. Reasoning about the run-time complexity of algorithms requires a model of computation. Several such models

Powerset construction (1,500 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that the converted DFA has exactly 2n states, giving Θ(2n) worst-case time complexity. A simple example requiring nearly this many states is the language

Nearest neighbor search (3,341 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The quality and usefulness of the algorithms are determined by the time complexity of queries as well as the space complexity of any search data structures

Duality (optimization) (3,869 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

problem can be used to implement Kernel trick, but the latter has higher time complexity in the historical cases. Convex duality Duality Relaxation (approximation)

Gap theorem (549 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

or any other reasonable complexity measure. For the special case of time complexity, this can be stated more simply as: for any total computable function

Stochastic simulation (3,715 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

binary search on the cumulative array, thus reducing the worst-case time complexity of reaction sampling to O (log M). Published in 2009, 2010, and 2011

Lenstra–Lenstra–Lovász lattice basis reduction algorithm (2,128 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

well-defined for δ = 1 {\displaystyle \delta =1} , the polynomial-time complexity is guaranteed only for δ {\displaystyle \delta } in ( 0.25 , 1 ) {\displaystyle

Harry R. Lewis (4,524 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

time complexity. For instance, he shows that the Bernays–Schönfinkel class is NEXPTIME-complete, and more specifically that its nondeterministic time

Genome architecture mapping (5,145 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

time complexity of that for loop is O( n * m ). The second for loop has n iterations, so it has time complexity O( n ). Therefore, the overall time complexity

Otakar Borůvka (1,020 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

than many other minimum spanning tree algorithms, can achieve linear time complexity on planar graphs and more generally in minor-closed graph families

Console game (6,684 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

the games at the time. As technology has improved, the development time, complexity and cost of console games has increased dramatically, to where the

Subgraph isomorphism problem (1,847 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Carletti, V.; Foggia, P.; Saggese, A.; Vento, M. (2018), "Challenging the time complexity of exact subgraph isomorphism for huge and dense graphs with VF3",

Director string (675 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

with pairs ( t , σ t ) {\displaystyle (t,\sigma _{t})} . Thus, the time complexity of finding the free variables in t is traded for the space complexity

Leftist tree (2,236 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

allows the operations be completed in a single path and so improves the time complexity of the operations by a constant factor. The merge operation is depicted

Visual Studio (15,464 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

analyze the performance of .NET projects that analyzes the space and time complexity of the program. It analyzes the code and prepares a report that includes

Online machine learning (4,740 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

storing all the data for updating c i {\displaystyle c_{i}} . The total time complexity for the recursion when evaluating for the n {\displaystyle n} -th datapoint

Fiduccia–Mattheyses algorithm (239 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

select vertices to be moved across the cut to improve running time. Time complexity O(P), where P is the total # of terminals. Input: A hypergraph with

Search engine indexing (4,767 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

lists can be navigated using a binary search in order to minimize the time complexity of this procedure. The inverted index is filled via a merge or rebuild

List of terms relating to algorithms and data structures (3,137 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

bound asymptotic lower bound asymptotic space complexity asymptotic time complexity asymptotic upper bound augmenting path automaton average case average-case

Line clipping (738 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

anti-clockwise, binary search can be applied and leads to a O(lg N) run-time complexity. This algorithm is based on homogeneous coordinates and duality. It

Induction of regular languages (3,294 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

corresponding operations on their cover automata. Păun et al. improve the time complexity to O(n2). For a set S of strings and a string u, the Brzozowski derivative

Quantum logic gate (10,114 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{|00\rangle +|01\rangle +|10\rangle -|11\rangle }{2}}} The time complexity for multiplying two n × n {\displaystyle n\times n} -matrices is at

Sequence assembly (2,942 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

compare every read with every other read (an operation that has a naive time complexity of O(n2)). Current de-novo genome assemblers may use different types

Collision detection (5,321 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sensitive. In the context of collision detection this means that the time complexity of the collision detection is proportional to the number of objects

Random geometric graph (2,505 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\textstyle {\frac {n(n-1)}{2}}} possible connections that are checked, the time complexity of the naive algorithm is Θ ( n 2 ) {\textstyle \Theta (n^{2})} . The

Output-sensitive algorithm (584 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

A property describing run-time complexity of algorithms

PostBQP (3,635 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Suppose we have a ⁠ P P {\displaystyle {\mathsf {PP}}} ⁠ machine with time complexity ⁠ T := T ( n ) {\displaystyle T:=T(n)} ⁠ on input x of length n :=

Uwe Schöning (603 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

analyzed for 2-satisfiability by Papadimitriou, had good expected time complexity (although still exponential) when applied to worst-case instances of

Merkle's Puzzles (771 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

solve one puzzle. Then both can deduce a common session key within a time complexity of O(m+n). Eve, in contrast, is required to solve all puzzles, which

Concatenated error correction code (2,088 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

i ≤ N. Run the unique decoding algorithm for Cout on y'. Now, the time complexity of the first step is O(N⋅exp(n)), where n = O(log(N)) is the inner

Parser combinator (1,677 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

how memoization can be used with parser combinators to reduce the time complexity to polynomial. Later Frost used monads to construct the combinators

List of unsolved problems in fair division (3,593 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

other PO+EF1 allocations (not maximizing the product). What is the run-time complexity of finding a PO+EF1 allocation of goods? A PO+EF1 allocation of bads

Union theorem (290 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

chapter was removed from newer editions, however. The theorem for time complexity roughly states the following. Given a list of monotonically increasing

Top tree (3,335 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

implementations are more simple, and with small multiplicative factors in time complexity. On the contrary the worst case implementations allow speeding up queries

Read-only Turing machine (812 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Retrieved 2007-11-07. Dwork, Cynthia; Stockmeyer, Larry (1990). "A Time Complexity Gap For 2-Way Probabilistic Finite State Automata". SIAM Journal on

Fortune's algorithm (1,544 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

algorithm is found to have O ( n log ⁡ ( n ) ) {\displaystyle O(n\log(n))} time complexity with n being the number of sites according to ref. Weighted sites may

Algorithmic technique (835 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

nested loop and replace it with a single loop, thereby reducing the time complexity. Algorithm engineering Algorithm characterizations Theory of computation

Shanks's square forms factorization (1,383 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

value of k {\displaystyle k} .[citation needed] Shanks' method has time complexity O ( N 4 ) {\displaystyle O({\sqrt[{4}]{N}})} . Stephen S. McMath wrote

Zvi Galil (2,101 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

string matching, and they later proved it to have the best possible time complexity among linear work algorithms. With other computer scientists, he designed

Whitehead's algorithm (4,873 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(except for the case n = 2) if Whitehead's algorithm has polynomial time complexity. Let F n = F ( x 1 , … , x n ) {\displaystyle F_{n}=F(x_{1},\dots

Schreier vector (520 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of Schreier vectors to perform this requires less storage space and time complexity than storing these g explicitly. All variables used here are defined

List of RNA structure prediction software (8,470 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

clusters are refined using LocARNA and CMsearch. Due to the linear time complexity for clustering it is possible to analyse large RNA datasets. any Yes

Search data structure (930 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Technology at Penn State. ISBN 978-0-262-53091-0. "Algorithm - the time complexity of deletion in a unsorted array". Finding the element with a given

Lambda-connectedness (1,101 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

general. It can also be made for split-and-merge segmentation. Its time complexity also reaches the optimum at O ( n l o g n ) {\displaystyle O(nlogn)}

Binary logarithm (4,788 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Binary search in a sorted array, an algorithm whose time complexity involves binary logarithms

Bounding sphere (1,515 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dimension d {\displaystyle d} is taken into account, the execution time complexity is O ( 2 O ( d 2 ) n ) {\displaystyle O(2^{O(d^{2})}n)} , which is

Ukkonen's algorithm (1,056 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

generating a suffix tree going forward requires O(n2) or even O(n3) time complexity in big O notation, where n is the length of the string. By exploiting

Shabal (1,139 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

non-randomness property of Shabal's key permutation was described with time complexity 2300. A rotational distinguisher to the keyed permutation of Shabal

Consensus clustering (2,950 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dimensions and large number of data items can be problematic because of time complexity; Effectiveness of the method depends on the definition of "distance"

Constant-Q transform (1,682 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

processed at a center frequency fk. As such, this somewhat defines the time complexity of the transform. Window length for the k-th bin: N [ k ] = f s δ f

Existential risk from artificial intelligence (12,825 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

limitations to what intelligence can achieve. Notably, the chaotic nature or time complexity of some systems could fundamentally limit a superintelligence's ability

Minimum bottleneck spanning tree (1,346 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

each iteration T(E)=T(E/2)+O(E). By the Master theorem, the overall time complexity is O(E). NOTE: The run time estimate O(E) instead of O(E+V) (traversing

Empirical algorithmics (1,220 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Approach to Algorithm Analysis Resulting in Approximations to Big Theta Time Complexity" (PDF). Journal of Software. 12 (12). McGeoch, Catherine (2012). A

Erasure code (2,287 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

complexity: practical algorithms can encode and decode with linear time complexity. Fountain codes (also known as rateless erasure codes) are notable

Element distinctness problem (893 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in time O(n2m(m+2–log n)), while on a nondeterministic machine the time complexity is O(nm(n + log m)). Quantum algorithms can solve this problem faster

X + Y sorting (3,224 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that C ( n ) = O ( n 2 ) . {\displaystyle C(n)=O(n^{2}).} The total time complexity is slower, O ( n 2 log ⁡ n ) {\displaystyle O(n^{2}\log n)} , because

Streaming algorithm (3,578 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

be reduced if we store the t hash values in a binary tree. Thus the time complexity will be reduced to O ( log ⁡ ( 1 ε ) ⋅ log ⁡ ( m ) ) {\displaystyle

Deterministic rendezvous problem (1,739 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

O\left(n^{15}+l^{3}\right)} time. This is a significant improvement, since this time complexity is not dependent on τ. This solution has one major drawback, though

Linear speedup theorem (1,023 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Geffert showed that for nondeterministic single-tape Turing machines of time complexity T ( n ) ≥ n 2 {\displaystyle T(n)\geq n^{2}} linear speedup can be

Envy-free cake-cutting (5,567 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

even require an infinite number of steps. Two lower bounds on the run-time complexity of envy-freeness were published in the 2000s. For general pieces, the

Convolution for optical broad-beam responses in scattering media (1,674 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the time complexity is O[(a + b)2b2]. Using the FFT method, the major steps are the FFT and IFFT of (a + b − 1) × (a + b − 1) matrices, so the time complexity

Valentin Afraimovich (1,336 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Enciclopedia Italiana 841–850. (2003) V. Afraimovich, G.M. Zaslavsky, Space time complexity in Hamiltonian dynamics, Chaos, 13, 2, (2003), pp. 519–532. V. Afraimovich

PPP (complexity) (1,000 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

More generally, the relationship of subclasses of FNP to polynomial-time complexity classes can be used to determine the existence of certain cryptographic

Weak value (2,744 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

been implemented into quantum computing to get a giant speed up in time complexity. In a paper, Arun Kumar Pati describes a new kind of quantum computer

Hunt–Szymanski algorithm (972 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Hunt–Szymanski algorithm modifies this algorithm to have a worst-case time complexity of O(mn log m) and space complexity of O(mn), though it regularly beats

Proof of secure erasure (635 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

purpose of proof of space is similar to proof of work, the verifier's time complexity must be very small. While such property may be useful for proof of

Zadeh's rule (512 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

tie. Zadeh's rule has been shown to have at least super-polynomial time complexity in the worse-case by constructing a family of Markov decision processes

Lenstra elliptic-curve factorization (4,508 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

are done: it is a non-trivial factor of n {\displaystyle n} . The time complexity depends on the size of the number's smallest prime factor and can be

Belief propagation (4,323 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

reduced through the use of the Island algorithm (at a small cost in time complexity). The sum-product algorithm is related to the calculation of free energy

Cycle detection (4,194 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and at most μ + 2 λ {\displaystyle \mu +2\lambda } . Therefore, the time complexity of this algorithm is O ( ( μ + λ ) ⋅ log ⁡ ( μ + λ ) ) {\displaystyle

Bron–Kerbosch algorithm (2,134 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Etsuji; Tanaka, Akira; Takahashi, Haruhisa (2006), "The worst-case time complexity for generating all maximal cliques and computational experiments",

Bernoulli number (12,957 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

via the Chinese remainder theorem. Harvey writes that the asymptotic time complexity of this algorithm is O(n2 log(n)2 + ε) and claims that this implementation

Raita algorithm (697 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

where "m" is the length of pattern "P". Searching stage takes O(mn) time complexity where "n" is the length of text "T". Boyer–Moore string-search algorithm

Ivo D. Dinov (1,016 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

formats have been read by over six million readers. The Data Science: Time Complexity, Inferential Uncertainty, and Spacekime Analytics book covers a wide

Matroid intersection (1,715 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

rank of the two input matroids. Ghosh, Gurjar and Raj study the run-time complexity of matroid intersection in the parallel computing model. Bérczi, Király

Bisection bandwidth (735 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(Thesis). MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-12104-2. Clark Thompson (1979). Area-time complexity for VLSI. Proc. Caltech Conf. on VLSI Systems and Computations. pp

Image segmentation (9,658 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

involved in the implementation of the algorithm of the method, its time complexity can reach O ( n log ⁡ n ) {\displaystyle O(n\log n)} , an optimal algorithm

Dynamic time warping (3,754 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sensitive warping than DTW's discrete matching of raw elements. The time complexity of the DTW algorithm is O ( N M ) {\displaystyle O(NM)} , where N {\displaystyle

Cayley configuration space (4,161 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle (G,\delta )} ; Cayley computational complexity: the maximum time complexity to obtain these intervals over all linkages ( G , δ ) {\displaystyle

Lattice problem (3,660 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

algorithm (the blocksize β {\displaystyle \beta } ) determines the time complexity and output quality: for large approximation factors γ {\displaystyle

EnRUPT (119 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

meet-in-the-middle preimage attack against EnRUPT hash, collision attack with 240 time complexity Chosen plaintext attack with 215 queries against EnRUPT block cipher

John Fleming (American politician) (8,740 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

designed to reduce the senior taxpayer filing to one simple page saving time, complexity and cost. In 2009, Fleming introduced H. Res. 615, "expressing the

Computational hardness assumption (3,227 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to distinguish between polynomial and quasi-polynomial worst-case time complexity of other problems, similarly to the Exponential Time Hypothesis. The

Reed–Solomon error correction (12,582 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

produces zeroes for the input values that correspond to errors, with time complexity O ( n 3 ) {\displaystyle O(n^{3})} , where n {\displaystyle n} is the

Døds Diving (895 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

and elbows to avoid serious injury; dives are judged on speed, air time, complexity, how long the diver holds the original pose, the closing and the splash

Turing machine equivalents (2,667 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

than linear. Turing machines with input-and-output also have the same time complexity as other Turing machines; in the words of Papadimitriou 1994 Prop 2

Approximations of π (12,488 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Algorithm Year Time complexity or Speed Gauss–Legendre algorithm 1975 O ( M ( n ) log ⁡ ( n ) ) {\displaystyle O(M(n)\log(n))} Chudnovsky algorithm 1988

Probabilistic context-free grammar (5,242 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

| θ ) {\displaystyle \log P(x,{\hat {\pi }}|\theta )} . Memory and time complexity for general PCFG algorithms in RNA structure predictions are O ( L

Parsing expression grammar (6,505 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

additional attendant complexity (but again, at a loss of the linear time complexity), whereas all GLR parsers support left recursion. A common first impression

Bruce Hajek (1,680 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Computation. Springer. pp. 147–150. Sasaki, Galen; Hajek, Bruce (1988). "The time complexity of maximum matching by simulated annealing". Journal of the ACM. 35

Instance selection (873 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

representative instances in each class separately, they are faster (in terms of time complexity and effective running time) than other algorithms, such as DROP3 and

Space hierarchy theorem (2,699 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

least for deterministic space. This question is related to that of the time complexity of (nondeterministic) linear bounded automata which accept the complexity

Activity recognition (5,157 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Kautz's general framework for plan recognition has an exponential time complexity in worst case, measured in the size of the input hierarchy. Lesh and

Otsu's method (3,790 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the dynamic programming approach, 2d Otsu's method still has large time complexity. Therefore, much research has been done to reduce the computation cost

Partial sorting (952 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

base case when k becomes small relative to n. However, the worst-case time complexity is still very bad, in the case of a bad pivot selection. Pivot selection

Darklands (video game) (1,617 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

management of MicroProse Software. We originally underestimated the time, complexity and cost of the project by a large factor. When development costs rose

Berlekamp–Welch algorithm (1,600 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

a set of equations which can be solved using linear algebra, with time complexity O ( n 3 ) {\displaystyle O(n^{3})} . The algorithm begins assuming

Clique problem (9,905 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

S2CID 21436014. Tomita, E.; Tanaka, A.; Takahashi, H. (2006), "The worst-case time complexity for generating all maximal cliques and computational experiments",

Held–Karp algorithm (2,164 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

by only a constant factor. The Held–Karp algorithm has exponential time complexity Θ ( 2 n n 2 ) {\displaystyle \Theta (2^{n}n^{2})} , significantly better

Comparison of Java and C++ (5,725 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

orders of magnitude improvements in performance as well as avoiding time-complexity degeneracy that is characteristic of many cache-pessimizing algorithms

Security of cryptographic hash functions (1,811 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

discuss] For this hash, an attack was eventually discovered with a time complexity close to 2n/2. This beat by far the birthday bound and ideal pre-image

Reservoir sampling (3,514 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Li, Kim-Hung (4 December 1994). "Reservoir-Sampling Algorithms of Time Complexity O(n(1+log(N/n)))". ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software. 20 (4):

Unification (computer science) (7,377 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

((a*a)*(a*a))*((a*a)*(a*a))\}} ⁠, cf. picture. In order to avoid exponential time complexity caused by such blow-up, advanced unification algorithms work on directed

Cell-probe model (1,404 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

relevant) update. The cell probe complexity is a lower bound on the time complexity of the corresponding operations on a random-access machine, where memory

Simplicial depth (686 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

points from F ∈ R n {\displaystyle F\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}} . While the time complexity of most other data depths grows exponentially, the spherical depth

Information-based complexity (2,337 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

evaluations and the number of arithmetic operations so this is the time complexity.) This would take many years for even modest values of d . {\displaystyle

Cycle basis (3,322 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

developed improved algorithms for this problem, reducing the worst-case time complexity for finding a minimum weight cycle basis in a graph with m {\displaystyle

Steinitz's theorem (5,973 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

face lattice of a convex polytope. It is unlikely to have polynomial time complexity, as it is NP-hard and more strongly complete for the existential theory

Alternating conditional expectations (961 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

process of iteration usually terminates in a limited number of runs, the time complexity of the algorithm is O ( n p ) {\displaystyle O(np)} where n {\displaystyle

Polygon partition (2,568 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

first studied by Lingas, Pinter, Rivest and Shamir in 1982. The run-time complexity of this problem crucially depends on whether the raw polygon is allowed

Types of artificial neural networks (10,383 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

through Simulation. Schmidhuber, J. (1992). "A fixed size storage O(n3) time complexity learning algorithm for fully recurrent continually running networks"

Maximal independent set (5,451 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

S2CID 17824282 Tomita, E.; Tanaka, A.; Takahashi, H. (2006), "The worst-case time complexity for generating all maximal cliques and computational experiments",

Medoid (4,000 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dimensionality doesn't only affect distance metrics however, as the time complexity also increases with the number of features. k-medoids is sensitive

Euclidean minimum spanning tree (6,649 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

complete graph and Delaunay triangulation algorithms. The optimal time complexity for higher-dimensional minimum spanning trees remains unknown, but

CMA-ES (7,545 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

159–195. [1] Hansen N, Müller SD, Koumoutsakos P (2003). Reducing the time complexity of the derandomized evolution strategy with covariance matrix adaptation

Van Kampen diagram (3,201 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Birget and Sapir explored the connections between Dehn functions and time complexity functions of Turing machines and showed that an arbitrary "reasonable"

Communication-avoiding algorithm (1,680 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

for k = 1 to n C(i,j) = C(i,j) + A(i,k) * B(k,j) Arithmetic cost (time-complexity): n2(2n − 1) for sufficiently large n or O(n3). Rewriting this algorithm

Runtime predictive analysis (1,499 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

completeness (also called maximal causality ), but has exponential-time complexity with respect to the trace size. In practice, the analysis is typically

Distribution learning theory (3,845 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

\textstyle D} . Sometimes the interest is, apart from measuring the time complexity, to measure the number of samples that have to be used in order to

Fair item allocation (6,590 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

general setting of Uniform-machines scheduling. They study the run-time complexity of deciding the existence of a fair allocation with s sharings or shared

Free energy principle (6,268 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

sensory perturbations are suspended (for a suitably long period of time), complexity is minimised (because accuracy can be neglected). At this point, the

Constructing skill trees (1,425 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Using the method above, CST can segment data into a skill chain. The time complexity of the change point detection is O ( N L ) {\displaystyle O(NL)} and

Haskell features (3,537 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

tree-like folding variant with nearly optimal (for a list-based code) time complexity and very low space complexity achieved through telescoping multistage

Lin–Kernighan heuristic (3,650 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

edges as input, one ends up with O ( n ) {\displaystyle O(n)} as the time complexity for this check, since it is necessary to walk around the full tour

Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (3,467 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

probability distribution of n!. As a conclusion, it could be argued that the time complexity of the algorithm is O(n!). The name for the distribution method is

Parallel task scheduling (2,515 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

this algorithm, the number of machines appears polynomially in the time complexity of the algorithm. Since, in general, the number of machines appears

Virtual world framework (3,514 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

drag and drop content and manipulate it, greatly reducing production time/complexity. This environment is under construction, and is anticipated to be completed

LP-type problem (4,687 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

element method meshes, solve facility location problems, analyze the time complexity of certain exponential-time search algorithms, and reconstruct the