Find link

language: af: Afrikaans als: Alemannisch [Alemannic] am: አማርኛ [Amharic] an: aragonés [Aragonese] ar: العربية [Arabic] arz: مصرى [Egyptian Arabic] as: অসমীয়া [Assamese] ast: asturianu [Asturian] az: azərbaycanca [Azerbaijani] azb: تۆرکجه [Southern Azerbaijani] ba: башҡортса [Bashkir] bar: Boarisch [Bavarian] bat-smg: žemaitėška [Samogitian] be: беларуская [Belarusian] be-tarask: беларуская (тарашкевіца) [Belarusian (Taraškievica)] bg: български [Bulgarian] bn: বাংলা [Bengali] bpy: বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী [Bishnupriya Manipuri] br: brezhoneg [Breton] bs: bosanski [Bosnian] bug: ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ [Buginese] ca: català [Catalan] ce: нохчийн [Chechen] ceb: Cebuano ckb: کوردیی ناوەندی [Kurdish (Sorani)] cs: čeština [Czech] cv: Чӑвашла [Chuvash] cy: Cymraeg [Welsh] da: dansk [Danish] de: Deutsch [German] el: Ελληνικά [Greek] en: English eo: Esperanto es: español [Spanish] et: eesti [Estonian] eu: euskara [Basque] fa: فارسی [Persian] fi: suomi [Finnish] fo: føroyskt [Faroese] fr: français [French] fy: Frysk [West Frisian] ga: Gaeilge [Irish] gd: Gàidhlig [Scottish Gaelic] gl: galego [Galician] gu: ગુજરાતી [Gujarati] he: עברית [Hebrew] hi: हिन्दी [Hindi] hr: hrvatski [Croatian] hsb: hornjoserbsce [Upper Sorbian] ht: Kreyòl ayisyen [Haitian] hu: magyar [Hungarian] hy: Հայերեն [Armenian] ia: interlingua [Interlingua] id: Bahasa Indonesia [Indonesian] io: Ido is: íslenska [Icelandic] it: italiano [Italian] ja: 日本語 [Japanese] jv: Basa Jawa [Javanese] ka: ქართული [Georgian] kk: қазақша [Kazakh] kn: ಕನ್ನಡ [Kannada] ko: 한국어 [Korean] ku: Kurdî [Kurdish (Kurmanji)] ky: Кыргызча [Kirghiz] la: Latina [Latin] lb: Lëtzebuergesch [Luxembourgish] li: Limburgs [Limburgish] lmo: lumbaart [Lombard] lt: lietuvių [Lithuanian] lv: latviešu [Latvian] map-bms: Basa Banyumasan [Banyumasan] mg: Malagasy min: Baso Minangkabau [Minangkabau] mk: македонски [Macedonian] ml: മലയാളം [Malayalam] mn: монгол [Mongolian] mr: मराठी [Marathi] mrj: кырык мары [Hill Mari] ms: Bahasa Melayu [Malay] my: မြန်မာဘာသာ [Burmese] mzn: مازِرونی [Mazandarani] nah: Nāhuatl [Nahuatl] nap: Napulitano [Neapolitan] nds: Plattdüütsch [Low Saxon] ne: नेपाली [Nepali] new: नेपाल भाषा [Newar] nl: Nederlands [Dutch] nn: norsk nynorsk [Norwegian (Nynorsk)] no: norsk bokmål [Norwegian (Bokmål)] oc: occitan [Occitan] or: ଓଡ଼ିଆ [Oriya] os: Ирон [Ossetian] pa: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ [Eastern Punjabi] pl: polski [Polish] pms: Piemontèis [Piedmontese] pnb: پنجابی [Western Punjabi] pt: português [Portuguese] qu: Runa Simi [Quechua] ro: română [Romanian] ru: русский [Russian] sa: संस्कृतम् [Sanskrit] sah: саха тыла [Sakha] scn: sicilianu [Sicilian] sco: Scots sh: srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски [Serbo-Croatian] si: සිංහල [Sinhalese] simple: Simple English sk: slovenčina [Slovak] sl: slovenščina [Slovenian] sq: shqip [Albanian] sr: српски / srpski [Serbian] su: Basa Sunda [Sundanese] sv: svenska [Swedish] sw: Kiswahili [Swahili] ta: தமிழ் [Tamil] te: తెలుగు [Telugu] tg: тоҷикӣ [Tajik] th: ไทย [Thai] tl: Tagalog tr: Türkçe [Turkish] tt: татарча/tatarça [Tatar] uk: українська [Ukrainian] ur: اردو [Urdu] uz: oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча [Uzbek] vec: vèneto [Venetian] vi: Tiếng Việt [Vietnamese] vo: Volapük wa: walon [Walloon] war: Winaray [Waray] yi: ייִדיש [Yiddish] yo: Yorùbá [Yoruba] zh: 中文 [Chinese] zh-min-nan: Bân-lâm-gú [Min Nan] zh-yue: 粵語 [Cantonese]

jump to random article

Longer titles found: Declaration on the Name and Status of the Croatian Literary Language (view), A Grammar of the Macedonian Literary Language (view)

searching for Literary language 420 found (1414 total)

alternate case: literary language

Kajkavian (5,248 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(Illyrian). After that, numerous works appeared in the Kajkavian literary language: chronicles by Vramec, liturgical works by Ratkaj, Habdelić, Mulih;

viewed as a single language because of a shared culture and common literary language. It is also common to describe various Chinese dialect groups, such

viewed as a single language because of a shared culture and common literary language. Conversely, colloquial registers of Hindi and Urdu are almost completely

Russian Empire. This dialect would serve as the basis of the Ukrainian literary language when it was developed by Shevchenko and Kulish in the mid 19th century

standard form of Russian is generally regarded as the modern Russian literary language (современный русский литературный язык – "sovremenny russky literaturny

Hohenstaufen court gave rise in the late 12th century to a supra-regional literary language (mittelhochdeutsche Dichtersprache) based on Swabian, an Alemannic

official status; the national language, Indonesian, is the official and literary language in areas where Sasak is spoken. Some of its dialects, which correspond

Azerbaijani literature (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan ədəbiyyatı, آذربایجان ادبیاتی) is written in Azerbaijani, a Turkic language, which is the official state

Persian is a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of the Sassanian Empire (224–651 AD), itself a continuation of Old

chose the dialects of Veles, Prilep and Bitola as the basis for the literary language (as Misirkov had in 1903), and proposed a Cyrillic alphabet. The first

on IPA or Pinyin. A majority of Oroqen speakers use Chinese as a literary language and some also speak Daur. Oroqen is spoken in the following counties

considered a period of great literary stability due to the formalised literary language that changed very little. According to the Uraicecht Becc in Old Irish

Egyptian literature traces its beginnings to ancient Egypt and is some of the earliest known literature. Ancient Egyptians were the first to develop written

Rus and beyond and their Church Slavonic writings became a common literary language for centuries among all Slavs. Medieval Serbia is an heir of Constantine

it as a tool against Polish influence and a transition to Russian literary language, considering local dialects to be a "speech of swineherds and shepherds"

the Avar language. The latter, with 800,000 speakers, serves as a literary language for 60,000 speakers of the Andic branch as well as for speakers of

like the notebook of Benedictine monk Johannes ex Grafing. It was a literary language in Central and Eastern Europe that left a rich literary inheritance

Khwarshi and Hunzib).[citation needed] The Avar language serves as the literary language for speakers of Tsezic languages. Schulze (2009) gives the following

Paishachi or Paisaci (IAST: Paiśācī) is a largely unattested literary language of the middle kingdoms of India mentioned in Prakrit and Sanskrit grammars

then to Hungarian.[citation needed] The base dialect of the Mansi literary language is the Sosva dialect, a representative of the northern language. Fixed

establishment of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic as the liturgical and literary language. Documentation of the Old East Slavic language of this period is scanty

the House of Capet) at the beginning of the 13th century, where the literary language was Parisian-based Francien. Some words of Angevin origin were borrowed

Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand. Classical Tibetan is the major literary language, particularly for its use in Tibetan Buddhist scriptures and literature

are two main dialects: North (Khanag) and South Tabasaran. It has a literary language based on the Southern dialect, one of the official languages of Dagestan

were created for the establishment of the uncodified Montenegrin literary language as a means of common communication across the territory under the

Church and speak a dialect which is the basis of the modern Georgian literary language. Look up ქართლი in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The toponym "Kartli"

tradition of the Chakavian literary language had declined in the same century, but it has helped shape both Croatian literary language and the standard Croatian

Uzbekistan; Kazakhstan; Turkey, and other countries. It is a much-written literary language[citation needed] and an official language of Dagestan. It is classified

continuation of Middle Persian, the official administrative, religious and literary language of the Sasanian Empire (224–651 CE), itself a continuation of Old

[ɡəɾɑˈpʰɑɾ], Western Armenian pronunciation [kʰəɾɑˈpʰɑɾ]; meaning "literary [language]"; also Old Armenian or Liturgical Armenian) is the oldest attested

of the language. Later from the 18th century, the dialect became a literary language and was further developed by the poets Mir and Ghalib in the late

colonists from Athens founded their cities. Ionic was the base of several literary language forms of the Archaic and Classical periods, both in poetry and prose

of the vernacular in what would a century later become the Serbian literary language. He is also remembered as one of the first Serbian enlighteners, student

modern era, it has mostly survived as a spoken lect and is not a literary language. There are three primary dialects of Deccani spoken today: Hyderabadi

written literature and official culture. Illyrians envisioned a single literary language and orthography to serve as a means of cultural and national unification

Shtokavian or Štokavian (/ʃtɒˈkɑːviən, -ˈkæv-/; Serbo-Croatian Latin: štokavski / Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: штокавски, pronounced [ʃtǒːkaʋskiː]) is the

Tibetan culture. Historically, Tibetan has served as a trans-regional literary language that has been used, at different times, from Tibet to Mongolia, Russia

Chabakovo, Racitl, and formerly Siux. Speakers use Avar as their literary language. The language has two dialects, Karata and Tukita, which slightly

Sanskrit, to the local languages (apabhramsha) or derivatives, e.g. the literary language of brajabuli adopted by Vidyapati (14th century) and Govindadas Kaviraj

is the earliest version of Old Turkic, known as the oldest Turkic literary language, preceding Old Uyghur. It is the language in which the Orkhon and

Classical Mongolian was the literary language of Mongolian that was first introduced shortly after 1600, when Ligdan Khan set his clergy the task of translating

Bembo greatly influenced the development of the Tuscan dialect as a literary language for poetry and prose, which, by later codification into a standard

the use of Landsmål (now known as Nynorsk, or New Norwegian), as a literary language; he translated the Odyssey into it. He founded the weekly Fedraheimen

two opposing views emerging. One ideology was to create a Bulgarian literary language based on Macedonian dialects, but such proposals were rejected by

that the only real option left would be the creation of a common literary language for Croats and Serbs, which have in common both the Shtokavian dialect

(fy omitted), 'yn afal "my apple", 'y chwaer "my sister". In the literary language, however, it is always given as fy: fy nhad, fy afal, fy chwaer. The

cannot be described with any degree of certainty. Moreover, as a literary language, Middle Persian is not attested until much later, in the 6th or 7th

centuries to compose his oeuvre in Assamese and Brajavali dialect, the literary language of the bhakti poems (borgeets) and dramas. The Ahom king Supangmung

The Volga Turki language was a literary language used by some ethnic groups of the Volga-Ural region (Tatars and Bashkirs) from the Middle Ages until

easy to understand for those with a beginning understanding of the literary language. The Amplified Instructions was also published in a Manchu translation

doing so, he contributed significantly to the development of the Lach literary language. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lach dialects. Cieszyn Silesian

Karluk language self referring to as ('Türki' or 'Türkçe'), as the literary language of Uzbekistan in the 1920s. According to the Joshua Project, Southern

Western and Catholic Europe during the Middle Ages as a working and literary language from the 9th century to the Renaissance, which then developed a classicizing

was also widely admired and influential in the development of the literary language, and would be identified as a model for vernacular writing by Pietro

Renaissance in the 8th and 9th centuries, and New Persian as an independent literary language first emerged in this region. The Samanid Empire was formed in Eastern

Lublin and Jan Kochanowski), to be one of the founders of Polish literary language and literature. Rej was born into a noble family (bearers of the Oksza

the different groupings (north, west, south and east). A standard literary language termed 'Igbo izugbe' (meaning "general igbo") was generically developed

Adyghe. Kabardian is written in a form of Cyrillic and serves as the literary language for Circassians in both Kabardino-Balkaria (where it is usually called

and biographer, Abul Fazl. It was written in Persian, which was the literary language of the Mughals, and includes vivid and detailed descriptions of his

Early Scots was the emerging literary language of the Early Middle English-speaking parts of Scotland in the period before 1450. The northern forms of

approved, and in 1932 regular publishing began on it. The basis of the literary language was laid the most studied Nepsky dialect (north of the Irkutsk region)

in advancing cultural-national rebirth, was the solution of the literary language problem, and, as a result of the first fifty years of the 19th century

Zagreb (/ˈzɑːɡrɛb/ ZAH-greb Croatian: [zǎːɡreb] ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the north of the country, along the Sava river,

In 1974, she published Simple word order in sentences in Bulgarian literary language (Bulgarian: Slovored na prostoto izrečenie v bălgarskija knižoven

direct descendant of Middle Persian, the official, religious and literary language of the Sasanian Empire (224–651). However, it is not descended from

Sahitya Akademi recognised Konkani in 1975 as an independent and literary language, one of the important factors was the literary heritage of Romi Konkani

proto-language of all Slavic languages Old Church Slavonic, 9th century Slavic literary language, used for the purpose of evangelizing the Slavic peoples Church Slavonic

Theodore Prodromos or Prodromus (Greek: Θεόδωρος Πρόδρομος; c. 1100 – c. 1165/70), probably also the same person as the so-called Ptochoprodromos (Πτωχοπρόδρομος

Basque intended for teaching and the media. Classic Labourdin was a literary language of the 17th century, used by authors such as Axular. The type of syllable

opposed to French or Latin. English had, however, been used as a literary language centuries before Chaucer's time, and several of Chaucer's contemporaries—John

Norwegian poet and teacher. He popularized the use of Nynorsk as a literary language and is most commonly associated with his poem Himmelvarden (1916)

emperor Akbar, the work was translated into Classical Persian, the literary language of the Mughal court, by a courtier, Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan, in

through Bengal. The earliest composition in Brajabuli, an artificial literary language popularized by Vidyapati, is ascribed to Ramananda Raya, the governor

standard Ekavian version of the Serbian literary language. It was also a base for the Serbian literary language in the 18th and 19th century, before the

(Borgeet), theatrical performance (Ankia Naat, Bhaona), dance (Sattriya), literary language (Brajavali). Besides, he has left a literary oeuvre of trans-created

2011 Census of Nepal. The term Rajasthani is also used to refer to a literary language mostly based on Marwari.: 441  Most of the Rajasthani languages are

were a miniature version of Iranian kingship. The administrative and literary language in the South Caucasus until the end of the 19th century was Persian

meters derived from Sanskrit literature. Poets used a formalized literary language, rather than the vernacular. Poets composed and performed the poems

20th century synonymously with Old Church Slavonic to describe the literary language of a number of Slavic peoples from the 9th until the 11th century

of Persian, Arabic, and European elements in both colloquial and literary language and called for a simpler and more popular style. The Soviet Union

to write in it and achieved much toward shaping a modern Kurdish literary language and reviving the Kurdish tradition of storytelling. In 1977–2005 he

thus becoming role models and allowing the natural development of a literary language. In turn, this position was heavily criticised by Eastern Bulgarian

needed], was thus created. This form was elevated to the status of a literary language, and after the partition of colonial India and independence this collection

there had been no official attempt to enforce a unified Albanian literary language; both literary Gheg and literary Tosk were used. The communist regime

others. At about the same period, Vuk Karadžić reformed the Serbian literary language and standardized the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet by following strict

imprisoned together in Genoa. Rustichello wrote it in Franco-Venetian, a literary language widespread in northern Italy between the subalpine belt and the lower

standardize vernacular German and promote it as both a scholarly and literary language, after the pattern of the Accademia della Crusca in Florence and similar

becoming known as Norman, Normaund or Norman French, an important literary language which is still spoken today in parts of mainland Normandy (Cotentinais

Assamese, though the speakers identify with the Bengali culture and the literary language. In the past, it was the court language of the Ahom kingdom from the

was also a poet and influenced the formation of the modern Russian literary language. Lomonosov was born in the village of Mishaninskaya, later renamed

dialects. As a result of this and also due to the influence of the literary language, most features of the Moesian dialects have given way to features

language spoken by the Harari people of Ethiopia. Old Harari is a literary language of the city of Harar, a central hub of Islam in Horn of Africa. According

(1877–1946), whose Konkani writing helped to establish Konkani as a modern literary language; Ravindra Kelekar (1925–2010), who wrote some of the twentieth century's

provides key evidence for the transition from the standard Old English literary language to early Middle English, containing some of the earliest known Middle

Pázmány's most important legacy was his creation of the Hungarian literary language. As an orator he was dubbed "the Hungarian Cicero in the purple".

variety of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire—spread as the Ottoman Empire expanded. In 1928

became a cornerstone in the evolution of Italian as an established literary language. Dante was more aware than most early Italian writers of the variety

flourished not only in Classical Armenian but also in the Middle Armenian literary language. Throughout the High Middle Ages, literary pursuits extended to the

literary language The modern Chuvash literary language was formed on the basis of a grassroots dialect, before this period an old literary language based

using a rhythmic cha-cha beat. In addition to Mandailing Angkola's literary language, it is important to note the growth of Malay-language Indonesian literature

Hawrami dialects of Gorani includes a variety that was an important literary language since the 14th century, but it was replaced by Central Kurdish in

peasantry and contributed to a new basis for a modern Belarusian literary language, which was only partly connected to the official language of the Grand

Madina, Maan Z. (1973). تبل. Arabic-English Dictionary of the Modern Literary Language. Basan 2006, p. 125, 180. Wright 2001, p. 251. Peck 2010, p. 97. Davis

lingua franca for these and the Tsezic languages and is the only literary language. Schulze (2009) gives the following family tree for the Avar–Andic

The Buzet dialect (Croatian: buzetski dijalekt; also known as buzetsko-gornjomiranski or gornjomiranski) is a sub-dialect of the Chakavian dialect in Croatia

Portuguese literature is literature written in the Portuguese language, from the Portuguese-speaking world. It can refer to Lusophone literature written

state's official language was Sanskrit and Sanskrit was being used as a literary language. The use of Maithili, instead of Sanskrit, in literature became more

caused many imitations, and led to the final displacement of the old literary language from the literary use by the vernacular. Eneida is a parody of Virgil's

was a miniature version of Iranian kingship. The administrative and literary language in Karabakh until the end of the 19th century was Persian, with Arabic

constitutes an important contribution to the development of Portuguese as a literary language. In 1290, Denis began to pursue the systematic centralisation of royal

Russian dialects, the Moscow dialect is the basis of the Russian literary language. The 1911 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica wrote: Literary Russian

Ministers, demanding permanent and extensive research on the standard and literary language; one of the topics mentioned was the creation of a scientific magazine

influenced by Persian. But after the 1917 Russian Revolution, a new literary language was adopted by the natives of northern as well as southern people

Ukrainian variety of Church Slavonic and others in the old Ukrainian literary language. The majority of his surviving letters are written in Latin and Greek

millennium CE during a resurgence in the use of Pali as a courtly and literary language.: 1  As such, the name of the language has caused some debate among

and labelled "Yotvingian separatism". The formation of the Polesian literary language itself began in 1988 thanks to the efforts of the philologist and

common South Slavic language, Illyrian, that might also serve as a literary language for all Slavs in the future. Of special importance is the work of

The golden age of Jewish poetry in Al-Andalus developed in the literary courts of the various taifas. Like its Arabic counterpart, its production diminished

language, he is often considered "the founder of the modern Macedonian literary language". On the other hand, he was one of the founders of the pro-Bulgarian

preaching activity to the beginning of Czech humanism. The number of literary language users enlarges. Czech fully penetrates the administration. Around

national culture. Kopitar favored gradual evolution towards a common literary language for all South Slavic peoples, with Slovene dialects remaining the

literature is The Story of Yusuf by Qol Ghali. Grammar of the Tatar literary language was different from standard Tatar as it had more Persian, Arabic,

Ottoman rule (mostly during the 19th century), a modern Bulgarian literary language gradually emerged that drew heavily on Church Slavonic/Old Bulgarian

lyric poet. He is most known for having revived Rhaeto-Romansh as a literary language. His family was from Sent, Switzerland, (although he was born in Pisa)

high-level where subtle ideas could be expressed through a medium of a literary language, therefore Punjabi must have evolved centuries before then, perhaps

Nepal, Sikkim, and Bhutan. Classical Tibetan is a major regional literary language, particularly for its use in Buddhist literature. The Central Tibetan

Mesopotamia, the Levant, and Kerala, India, rose to importance as a literary language of early Christianity in the third to fifth centuries and continued

introduced by the poet Ghulam Hamadani Mushafi around 1780. As a literary language, Urdu took shape in courtly, elite settings. While Urdu retained the

of Switzerland as opposed to Swiss variant of Standard German, the literary language of diglossic German-speaking Switzerland. In Germany, High Alemannic

continued to compose their work. We need to recognize that our customary literary language is systematically gendered in ways that influence what we approve

language, and an unknown number of speakers in Turkey. It has been a literary language from the beginning of the 20th century. Abkhaz and Abaza may be said

Brajabuli is an artificial literary language popularized by the Maithili poet Vidyapati. His Brajabuli lyrics about the love for Radha Krishna is considered

most of their speakers consider themselves Kurds. Gorani was once a literary language, although its literary variety differs in many ways from the local

Modern View” (2008), etc. He compiled and translated into modern literary language several collections of love poetry of the 16th to 19th centuries "Songs

is strongly affected by that of China. Chữ Hán was often used as a literary language in ancient Vietnam, and as a result, Vietnamese calligraphy also used

colors and curves, like Eugène Delacroix. Romanticism emphasized a literary language rooted in feelings. It laid the groundwork for later movements, including

Literature is autonomous from external conditions in the sense that literary language is distinct from ordinary uses of language, not least because it is

Armenian authors, arranged chronologically. Classical Armenian is the literary language of Armenia written during the 5th to 18th centuries. 5th century Mesrop

colors and curves, like Eugène Delacroix. Romanticism emphasized a literary language rooted in feelings. It laid the groundwork for later movements, including

defined as all West Germanic varieties using Standard German as their literary language:   Frisian   Low Franconian   Low Saxon or Low German   Central German

subcontinent. The literary language (as opposed to the colloquial Assamese) this work adopted became the standard literary language for much of the following

established poetic patterns that would become integral to Polish literary language. He has been called the greatest Polish poet before Adam Mickiewicz

varied regionally. The older literary language included many Arabic and Persian loanwords. However, the modern literary language (generally written using

his use of the koinè from Udine, that would become the most notable literary language and the basis of today's standard Friulian. Ermes was educated at

words. Below table demonstrates vowels in Avar Arabic Script. The literary language is based on the болмацӏ (bolmacʼ)[citation needed]—bo = "army" or

he set up Petrarch as the perfect model. Italian, however, was a literary language and so was a written rather than spoken language, except in Tuscany

The Jek language is not a written language and Azeri serves as the literary language of the Jek, as well as all Shahdagh peoples. Tərxan Paşazadə, "Dünyanın

his diction from the old literary language to the new literary colloquialism of Leskov. Ordinary speech and literary language have thereby changed places

Ukrainian dialect free of Church Slavonic and alien 'styles' up to the literary language. He graduated from the Greek Catholic Theological Seminary at University

in Braj Bhasha, one of the Western Hindi languages developed as a literary language during the 15th century, Bhakti Movement as a form of devotional songs

intelligible with both. There have been efforts at cultivation as a literary language, although a local standard has not been established yet. The Shahmukhi

Bundeli is also closely related to Braj Bhasha, which was the foremost literary language in north-central India until the nineteenth century. Like many other

is that Abu al-Ghazi was openly against the use of the Chaghatay literary language because it carried a strong Persian influence. Abu al-Ghazi's language

Czech and Polish) which was systematized and practically created as a literary language by him. He also wrote in German (Friedrich Hölderlin was a large influence

that worked against them until the 1940s. Until a modern Macedonian literary language was mandated by the communist-led partisan movement from Macedonia

Arabic, nunation only exists in words and phrases borrowed from the literary language, especially those that are declined in the accusative (that is, with

Melkites used Classical Syriac as a written language, the common literary language of the overwhelming majority of Christian Arameans. Brock 2011d, p

standardised spelling would be for standard Albanian. This is how the literary language remains. The alphabet is the Latin alphabet with the addition of the

of being an organ of oratory, history and moral disquisition. The literary language of Rome was in process of formation during the 2nd century BC, and

with the number decreasing year by year. Ossetian is the spoken and literary language of the Ossetians, an Iranian ethnic group living in the central part

Brajavali (Assamese: ব্ৰজাৱলী; romanized: Brôzawôli) was a literary language used by Sankardev (1449–1568) for some of his compositions (Borgeets and

there was a tendency towards a state of diglossia between the Attic literary language and the constantly developing vernacular Koine. By late antiquity

century, the French of the chancellery spread as a political and literary language because the French court was the model of chivalric culture". Consequently

Africa, including Bamanan, Jula, Maninka, Mandinka, and a common literary language, Kangbe, also called NKo. NKo became part of Unicode with version

Fran Galović (Croatian pronunciation: [frǎːn gâːlovit͡ɕ], 20 July 1887 – 26 October 1914) was a Croatian poet, playwright, writer, and theater critic.

classified as a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of the Sasanian Empire, itself a continuation of Old Persian, which

Persian on Urdu is due to its historical status as an official and literary language under many of these rulers, as well as its status as a lingua franca

non-fiction. She is a bilingual writer in English, which is her main literary language, and in Bulgarian which is her mother tongue. Her books have been

1066. The early [when?] adoption of Anglo-Norman as a written and literary language probably owes something to this history of bilingualism in writing

in southeast Serbia are only spoken and unstandardized, as Serbian literary language only recognizes the Shtokavian form (as other Serbo-Croatian languages)[citation

and take. Nevertheless, Haidawi is usually promoted as the standard literary language in the vernacular Bible and hymnals. Meanwhile, Khuangnung is popular

hypothesis Vernacular Latin, as opposed to the Classical Latin used as a literary language. Rowe, Bruce M.; Levine, Diane P. (2015). A Concise Introduction to

Prakrit – the spoken language of common people in ancient times. The literary language was Sanskrit which has a close relationship with Prakrit. It can be

intellectual elites of the MASSR were asked to standardise a Moldovan literary language based on the local dialects of MASSR, which are similar to Romanian

(Temir-Khan-Shura) and Xasavyurt. The latter two became basis for the literary language. Kumyk had been a lingua-franca of the bigger part of the Northern

princes to their armies before battles, represents evidence of oral literary language formed by the traditions of oratory. Danilo III brought to life the

Italo Calvino History and criticism of literary language: Italo Siciliano Theory and history of literary language: Gianfranco Folena Poetry: Vittorio Sereni

settings. While al-Hakim's earlier plays were all composed in the literary language, he was to conduct a number of experiments with different levels of

of children in school Absence of a written script connected to a literary language Existence of "social vestiges" (oppression of women, racial hostility

hostince in the town offered mascený chleba s cibulou (in the Slovak literary language mastný chlieb s cibuľou, English: bread with lard and onions). In

the National-Liberation Movement, and a founder of the new Georgian literary language. He is also well known for his resonant translations of Shakespeare

compositions. The high point of the development of Medieval Latin as a literary language came with the Carolingian Renaissance, a rebirth of learning kindled

Abovian, who is considered the founder of the modern Eastern Armenian literary language, wrote in the Araratian dialect as he was born in Kanaker, a village

Japan Chinese in Japan Brazilians in Japan Classical Chinese as a literary language of Japan East Asian languages Deafness in Japan "参議院法制局". Ertl, John

Tatar is a third) Central (Urta / Kazan – most common and also the literary language) Western (Könbatış / Mishar) In 2017 the amount of hours Tatar language

Situation in Kievan Rus and Its Importance for the Study of the Russian Literary Language, Philological Studies in the Sphere of Slavonic Antiquities, and The

inhabitants of the voivodeship is considered the closest to the Polish literary language, as the region did not develop its own dialect, but was a place of

Persian was the dominant literary language of the area, Chagatai shared its distinction by being the only Turkic literary language in Central Asia from the

1989, the language was constitutionally designated as the "Croatian literary language" and the "Croatian or Serbian language". It was the result of a resistance

important figure in the establishment of Sicilian as an acceptable literary language. His magazine also played a role in discovering such leading Italian

above all the local dialects, was adopted as the basis for a national literary language. Starting from the late Middle Ages, Florentine money—in the form

variety spoken in the city of Abbottabad has formed the basis of a literary language. It is very close to the Hindko varieties of Mansehra: the two share

in Ireland.[citation needed] Though English was the dominant Irish literary language in the 20th century, works of high quality were also produced in Irish

favorite method is exaggeration and mystification: slang becomes literary language, and a region on the Dniester's bank becomes a 'state' with a distinct

elevate the vernacular, Ashkharhabar, to the dignity of a modern literary language, in contrast to the now-anachronistic Grabar. Numerous dialects existed

language, during which time the Latin alphabet became official, the literary language was standardized, and a large number of words from Modern Latin and

specifically created for the Bashkir language. At the same time, the Bashkir literary language was created, moving away from the older written Turkic influences

wrote in Darija using Hebrew script.: 59  For them, Darija was a literary language: Judah ibn Quraish wrote a risala on Semitic languages in Maghrebi

error: no target: CITEREFMasica1991 (help) defines Saraiki as a "new literary language"; see also Shackle (2003, pp. 585–86) harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFShackle2003

became limited, though, and specific: Persian served mainly as a literary language for the educated, while Arabic was used for Islamic prayers. In the

responsible for the consistent codification of Novoštokavian as a literary language and for the introduction of phonological orthography, advocating for

Macedonian intellectuals who proposed the creation of a Bulgarian literary language based on Macedonian dialects emerged. By the early 1870s, an independent

than the traditional 1588 Bible). Among the characteristics of the literary language, in comparison with the spoken language, are more frequent use of

Revolution in 1958. He spent much effort on creating a single Kurdish literary language by merging the two Kurdish dialects Kurmanji and Sorani. He was moreover

continue to possess several Persian loanwords. Modern Hindi became a literary language in the 19th century. Earliest examples could be found as Prēm Sāgar

Today the name Rusyn refers to the spoken language and variants of a literary language codified in the 20th century for Carpatho-Rusyns living in Ukraine

vocabulary and grammatical forms from foreign influences. In contrast, the literary language of the period suffered from heavy influx of foreign, especially Slavic

from Society for French Historical Studies for "Social Change and Literary Language: The Textualization of the Past in Thirteenth-Century Old French Historiography

'bastards'. Beside Koyi, Riza Talebanî also promoted Sorani as a literary language. Prior to the 20th century, only three non-poetic Central Kurdish

of Muhammad Shibani's poems, written in the Central Asian Turkic literary language, is currently kept in the Topkapi manuscript collection in Istanbul

movement's central and defining enterprise, the revival of Hebrew as a literary language for secular purposes (its restoration as a spoken tongue occurred

Serbian". Yet, in practice, the variants of the conceived common literary language served as different literary variants, chiefly differing in lexical

Central Hlai – 344,000 Lauhut (Bǎodìng 保定) – 166,000, the basis of the literary language Qi 杞 (also known as Gei) – 178,000 Tongzha (Tōngshí 通什) – 125,000

flourished, and considerable work was done to standardize the Ukrainian literary language, scientific terminology, and dictionaries. The work of scientists

Central Hlai – 344,000 Lauhut (Bǎodìng 保定) – 166,000, the basis of the literary language Qi 杞 (also known as Gei) – 178,000 Tongzha (Tōngshí 通什) – 125,000

The Nepali language has also been recognized as a "major Indian literary language" by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters. The

Latgalian Literary almanac. Since 1990 books written in the Latgalian literary language have been published mainly by the Publishing House of the Culture

mainstream view holds that Malayalam began to grow as a distinct literary language from the western coastal dialect of Middle Tamil and the linguistic

and Syria; Maan Z. Madina, Arabic-English Dictionary of the Modern Literary Language, 1973, s.v. تبل Oxford Companion to Food, s.v. tabbouleh Julia Al

to as the founder of modern Tatar literature and the modern Tatar literary language, which replaced Old Tatar. Ğabdulla Tuqay (Tuqayev) was born in the

religious work: "Bahr ul-Khudo", written in the Central Asian Turkic literary language in 1508 is located in London. The last years of Shaybani Khan were

Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language, the literary language of the Mughal court. Akbar's court translations were made in several

January 2021. Maan Z. Madina, Arabic-English Dictionary of the Modern Literary Language, 1973 Claudia Roden, The New Book of Middle Eastern Food, 2008, ISBN 0307558568

to emerge in the fifteenth century, while Latin remained a major literary language. With the patronage of James V and James VI, writers included William

Hungarian nation. The fake Međimurian literary language in fact was only little different from the Kajkavian literary language. In 1918, after the collapse of

Pushkin's work in the early 19th century, and was taken up in Russian literary language following Pushkin. It is a distortion of words referring to vampires

and writing system of ancient Egypt. The focus of the book is the literary language of the Middle Kingdom. The creation of the book resulted in the development

the semi-annual peer-reviewed international electronic journal of literary, language and cultural studies of the Department of English of Ateneo de Manila

contemporary social problems, and determined to reintroduce Czech as a literary language. Politically they promoted the cause of liberty, democracy, and social

that worked against them until the 1940s. Until a modern Macedonian literary language was mandated by the communist-led partisan movement from Macedonia

recently, it has been suggested that the revival of Egyptian as a literary language (in the form of Coptic) was part of an "effort to revive a national

was a contemporary of Pindar, this use of the local vernacular as a literary language is archaic – though the earlier poets Alcman and Stesichorus wrote

school of poetry. Along with Kurdî and Salim, Nalî made Sorani the literary language of southern Kurdistan. "Radio Nawxo". Radio Nawxo. Archived from the

missionaries, such as Martti Rautanen (who also developed the local literary language), and later Heikki Saari, among others, have worked in the area since

Norwegian weekly magazine Kritika Kultura or KK, a Philippine journal of literary, language and cultural studies Kazakh language (ISO 639-1 code kk), a Turkic

language of religion, which sparked a new interest in using Danish as a literary language. It is also in this period that Danish begins to take on the linguistic

literary standard, contributing to the early foundations of the Kazakh literary language. The standardization of literary Kazakh was largely completed during

charged with the task of standardizing Macedonian as the official literary language. With this new freedom to write and publish in its own language, SR

in their dialects-that the ‘frozen’ phonology and grammar of the literary language have served to retard change in Brahmin speech Nicknames There are

Matthew and Luke Maurice Casey. ...wrote sound Hebrew as a living literary language. They also make it probable that some Jews spoke Hebrew." Maurice

Chinese characters. For the sutras, they were translated into Chinese Literary Language (Wenyan). The terms prajñāpāramitā (hannya-haramitta (般若波羅蜜多)) and

the local language. Alongside Persian, it achieved the status of a literary language in Muslim courts and was also used for literary purposes in various

Christian Iberia was written in Latin, which remained as the standard literary language up until the mid-13th century, whereas Ibero-Romance vernaculars and

later advocated for the use of the vernacular Armenian as the new literary language. Her earliest writings are series of essays on the status of women's

dynasty that Turkic, in the form of the Chaghatai dialect, became a literary language in its own right in Transoxiana, although the Timurids were Persianate

Wayback Machine Lunt, Horace G. (1952). Grammar of the Macedonian Literary Language. Skopje.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

be produced in the 19th century. English has also become a common literary language. In 1971, the government took the step of defining the literature

into Mishnaic Hebrew, which ceased being spoken and developed into a literary language around 200 CE. Hebrew remained in widespread use among diasporic communities

Sagay himself, and contains further Khakas materials. The Khakas literary language, which was developed only after the Russian Revolution of 1917, is

and literature and the problems of the development of the Serbian literary language—he was outside the trends of expressionism and surrealist Marxism

centuries in the Riau-Lingga Sultanate. Classical Malay had emerged as a literary language in the royal courts along both shores of the Strait of Malacca, including

helped in the process of integrating the two dialects into a unified literary language and in setting up the basis for the establishment of the National

Xasavyurt. The latter two became basis for the literary language. Kumyk is the oldest script literary language of Dagestan. During the 20th century, the writing

into Mishnaic Hebrew, which ceased being spoken and developed into a literary language around 200 CE. Hebrew remained in widespread use among diasporic communities

from the 6th century.[citation needed] Irish remained the dominant literary language down to the 19th century, despite the spread of English from the 17th

speakers in Tajikistan and Afghanistan also use Tajik (Persian) as a literary language, which is—unlike the languages of the Pamir group—a Southwestern Iranian

capital of Delhi in the late Mughal era. It began to be used as a literary language in the Mughal court from the reign of Shah Jahan, who described it

Gujari, Pahari-Pothwari or Hindi. Urdu is also widely understood as a literary language in Kashmir due to it being a medium of instruction in schools. The

script and Old Church Slavonic. These innovations provided the first literary language for the Slavs and formed the educational foundation for all Slavic

vernacular form of Greek speech which differed somewhat from the literary language. When Koine Greek became a language of literature by the first century

expected by the time it is finished. Dictionary of Serbo-Croatian Literary Language (Rečnik srpskohrvatskoga književnog jezika) in six volumes in 1967–1976

an alphabet for the language. Kurmanji may have potentially been a literary language from the 10th to the 12th century with the formation of many Kurdish

influential is Luther's translation, which established High German as the literary language throughout Germany by the middle of the seventeenth century and which

English at school at the age of seven. As a result, English became her "literary language". She published her first story at the age of nine. She attended Queen

wrote in French instead of Florentine, which Dante championed as a literary language in De Vulgari Eloquentia). Yet, Latini started working in the treatise

English (anglicisms being more common in colloquial Maltese than in the literary language), and a few dozen French loanwords. A large number of superficially

example when sentence length increases or the text uses familiar or literary language. For many other languages vis-à-vis English, it can produce the gist

While this was happening in Soviet Karelia, in 1931–33, a Karelian literary language using the Latin alphabet was standardized for the Tver Karelian community

Tornedalian minority. Pohjanen has worked on the development of the literary language and grammar of Meänkieli; he has published Meänkieli-language writings

Koromandija". Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika [Dictionary of Slovenian Literary Language] (in Slovenian). Retrieved 24 December 2020. According to popular

solutions for the issues involved in the standardization of Croatian literary language. It was led by Ante Kuzmanić. The schools' members initially published

linguistically as a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of Sassanian Iran, itself a continuation of Old Persian, the language

elimination of the English nobility or the loss of Old English as a literary language. Nationalistic arguments have been made on both sides of the debate

Croatian literary language being standardized on the basis of Ikavian Štokavian dialect. He refused Ijekavian Štokavian dialect for the literary language, along

housewife), the first book that ennobles the Brescia language as a literary language. The protagonist of the book is the housewife Flor da Coblat. In 1565

the Umayyad and early Abbasid caliphates, New Persian soon became a literary language again of the Central Asian and West Asian lands. The rebirth of the

the academy, that the special aesthetic experience of poetry and literary language was lost in the welter of extraneous erudition and emotional effusions

event McClure attributes "the sudden and total eclipse of Scots as a literary language". The continuing absence of a Scots translation of the Bible meant

extant Hindu textbook of erotic love. It was composed in Sanskrit, the literary language of ancient India, probably in North India and probably sometime in

press. Through it Orbeliani channeled his efforts to standardize a literary language, based on revival of archaic forms. He was also one of the first Georgian

Persian, the Anatolian beyliks adopted spoken Turkic as their formal literary language. The Turkish language thus achieved widespread use in these principalities

Schwab, Gabriele (1996). The Mirror and the Killer-Queen: Otherness in Literary Language. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-585-00124-3. OCLC 42854066. Sheehy

slovenskega pisanja, he exposed his views on the development of the Slovene literary language. Levstik was one of the main exponents of the Young Slovenes, a progressive

Schwab, Gabriele. The Mirror and the Killer-Queen: Otherness in Literary Language. Indiana University Press. 1996. Pg. 120. Hunter, Dianne, Seduction

Bulgarian. According to Dennis P. Hupchick: Until a modern Macedonian literary language was mandated by the communist-led partisan movement from Macedonia

high degree of flexibility for versification and rhyming. In the literary language, no definite article ("the") is used; rather, it is implied by the

with many other Romance languages, Galician-Portuguese emerged as a literary language in the Middle Ages, during the 12th and 13th centuries, when a rich

Cyrillic script), and the use of Old Church Slavonic as the official and literary language. Its formation and rich cultural heritage have attracted somewhat

solutions for the issues involved in the standardization of Croatian literary language. It was led by Adolfo Veber Tkalčević. In the 1860s it dominated Croatian

this was the period in which the English language took shape as a literary language. There is little evidence to tie Richard directly to the patronage

an important role in creating the standard vernacular West Saxon literary language, and his pupil Ælfric was its most eminent writer. All surviving medieval

River region, and also speak their own dialect, which the Abkhaz literary language is based upon. Finally, there are the Samurzakan who reside in the

(1767–1835), especially in the first volume of his work on Kavi, the literary language of Java, entitled Über die Verschiedenheit des menschlichen Sprachbaues

a major centre of literary patronage and Scots was sidelined as a literary language. Interest in Scots literature was revived in the 18th century by figures

fleeing persecution. The official language is Modern Standard Arabic, a literary language taught in the schools. Most Jordanians natively speak one of the non-standard

fleeing persecution. The official language is Modern Standard Arabic, a literary language taught in the schools. Most Jordanians natively speak one of the non-standard

Schwab, Gabriele. The Mirror and the Killer-Queen: Otherness in Literary Language. Indiana University Press. 1996. Pg. 120. Hunter, Dianne, Seduction

Kochanowski (1530–1584), who had laid the foundations for Polish literary language. Lorentowicz was born in Pabianice, in present-day central Poland

work has also been instrumental in conserving this thousand-year-old literary language. Award-winning authors Several Reykjavík writers have received international

ISBN 978-0-8264-8873-2 Lunt, Horace G. (1952), Grammar of the Macedonian Literary Language, Skopje{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Sampradaya. The Mahanubhava were the earliest writers to use Marathi as a literary language. Mahanubhavas can be called as the pioneers of Marathi prose; they

Slavic-speaking populations within the pale of Christendom, a new literary language, Old Church Slavonic, directly based upon Bulgarian speech, developed

although its use remained confined to an intellectual elite. This was a literary language in Sicily created under the auspices of Frederick II and his court

nationalism. During the Soviet occupation, a revival of the Azerbaijani literary language, which had largely been supplanted by Persian, was promoted with the

dialects, but later translated into the standard Late West Saxon literary language when they were copied by scribes. In the Wessex Gospels from around

penetration and the subtlety, the inimitable art inherent in your literary language, all of which we admire and warmly love. We salute you as a true representative

language; the contemporaneous ancestor of Modern Uyghur was the Chagatai literary language. East Old Turkic is attested in a number of scripts, including the

century brought about the rapid establishment of Arabic as a major literary language in much of the Mediterranean and Central Asia. Arabic and Persian

Slovak dialect in 1787. It was the codification of the first-ever literary language of Slovaks. The second was Ľudovít Štúr, whose formation of the Slovak

Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia Sosva dialect, the base dialect of the Mansi literary language Severnaya Sosva River, in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia This

Changes in languages accompanied the settlement of peoples. Latin, the literary language of the Western Roman Empire, was gradually replaced by vernacular

rulers (Qubād, Kay Khusraw and so on) and in the use of Persian as a literary language (Turkish must have been essentially a vehicle for everyday speech

in its continued use as a means of everyday communication and as a literary language down to the present day despite the increasing use of English. Bishop

rest of the European languages at the time), there was no normalized literary language and orthography, and that learned men often wrote in an idiom that

extracts were made in Norway into the Danish language, which was the literary language of Norway at the time.[citation needed] The first complete translation

developed as the "chancery language" of Saxony. This was the official, literary language of the Margravate of Meissen (respectively the Electorate of Saxony

the Siberian Tatars in connection with the stress of modern Tatar literary language" .- Sat *"Problems of Turkic and the history of Russian Oriental Studies

defined as all West Germanic varieties using Standard German as their literary language:   Low Franconian   Frisian   Low Saxon or Low German   Middle German

Conquest, after which English ceased for a time to be of importance as a literary language. The history of Old English can be subdivided into: Prehistoric Old

came to the conclusion that Konkani was indeed an independent and literary language, classified as an Indo-European language, which in its present state

Central, Northeastern, Southeastern. Central: forms the basis of the literary language and includes Ovyur and Bii-Khem subdialects. The geographical centrality

χunzaχ in literary Avarian and χwnzaa in a local dialect. The modern literary language of Avarias (Awar mac'), both in the past and today, is known among

Sahitya Academy, Delhi recognized Dogri as an "independent modern literary language" of India, based on the unanimous recommendation of a panel of linguists

the local Ukrainian vernacular as well as the Russian language as a literary language for western Ukraine. This language was never standardized, however

although the poet himself predated the development of Jèrriais as a literary language. Wace is the earliest known Jersey writer. Although the name Robert

Thessaloniki, could still serve the purpose of the first common Slavic literary language. Standardised Slavic languages that have official status in at least

rulers (Qubād, Kay Khusraw and so on) and in the use of Persian as a literary language (Turkish must have been essentially a vehicle for everyday speech

were mainly responsible for making a start at reforming the Estonian literary language in the late 17th century. Some German constructions were abandoned

Slovak dialect in 1787. It was the codification of the first ever literary language of Slovaks. The second was Ľudovít Štúr, whose formation of the Slovak

Johnson-Davies wrote that Salih "exploited to the full the richness of the literary language in his narrative and uses the vivid local dialect for his dialog.

beliefs of the Ukrainian people (1965), the history of the Ukrainian literary language (1950), and published several studies in Ukrainian church history

tradition of pronouncing [ɫ] as [w], the use of the glide in the literary language was first noted by a radio operator in 1974. A Ukrainian researcher

15 August 2023. Lunt, Horace G. (1952). Grammar of the Macedonian Literary Language. Skopje. OCLC 5137976.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher

family in Iran had forced him to stay there. The administrative and literary language in the Shaki Khanate until the end of the 19th century was Persian

written Chinese, but has over 75 homophones in Standard Chinese. The literary language was less appropriate for documents that were meant to be performed

is a famous Russian writer, founder of new Russian literature and literary language. The bust was erected at the school #4 in honor of his 157th anniversary

established poetic patterns that would become integral to the Polish literary language and laid foundations for the modern Polish grammar. During the Age

siglos a. ^ Official language and native language of the ruling class. b. ^ Official language and lingua franca. c. ^ Literary language in Babylonia.

six-volume dictionary, supposed to be a vocabulary manual of the literary language, published after Bernolák's death in Buda by canon Juraj Palkovič

opened in English. At the same time, the vernacular saw a revival as a literary language, through the works of William Langland, John Gower and especially

opened in English. At the same time, the vernacular saw a revival as a literary language, through the works of William Langland, John Gower and especially

Mahavamsa. Early indications of this resurgence in the use of Pali as a literary language may be visible in the composition of the Dipavamsa and the Vimuttimagga

1925, for centuries, the Perso-Arabic script was the basis of the literary language among Karachay-Balkar. Be it in he form of Ottoman Turkish in the

Afghanistan: A Grammar of Kāboli Dari (Persian), Compared to the Literary Language, Kabul, 1975 Efimov, V. A. (2008). Xazara. In V. A. Efimov (ed.),

contemporaries were bilingual in New Persian, which was then the urban and literary language of Central Asia. The most elegant of the dialects belongs to those

Museum Inge Lise Pedersen. "Jysk som litteratursprog" [Jutlandic as literary language] (PDF) (in Danish). Peter Skautrup Centret. "Peter Skautrup Centret"

or by choice" (that is why Slovaks who have chosen Czech as their literary language, such as Ján Kollár or Pavel Jozef Šafařík, are often considered to

language until 1929. The language displays features common to the literary language in use at that time among Central Asian and Volga intellectuals mixed

Mahabharata into Marathi; Tukaram (1608–49) transformed Marathi into a rich literary language. His poetry contained his inspirations. Tukaram wrote over 3000 abhangs

monographic study "Essays on the historical grammar of the Russian literary language of the XIX century" (1964); monograph "Active Processes in Modern

later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire. For some time after the Sasanian collapse

replaced by Aramaic as the spoken vernacular, surviving only as a literary language. Then it continued to be used in later rabbinic writings until the

"In the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Ijekavian standard literary language of the three constitutive nations is officially used, designated by

do not believe in a possibility of creating a Malorussian common literary language, except for purely popular works of art, and I do not see any possibility

"Začetki slovenskega knjižnega jezika. The Origins of the Slovene Literary Language, Ljubljana: Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti". Razred Za

as tule can be used in spoken language in other forms as well. The literary language certainly still exerts a considerable influence upon the spoken word

spoken in Mexico which are clearly closely related to the extinct literary language, Classical Nahuatl. This binary division of Aztecan (Nahuan) was already

independence of Provence, and in particular for restoring the "first literary language of civilized Europe"—Provençal. He had studied the history of Provence

movement was formed which emphasized distinct ethnic identity and literary language. During the Spring of Nations on 2 May 1848 in Lemberg (today Lviv)

realized as hard, and the vowels merge to [ɛ̝].[example needed] In literary language, the contrast between hard and soft consonants is neutralized in word-final

Persian: It has been erroneously assumed that the Old Anatolian Turkish literary language was created in Anatolia and that its authors transformed a primitive

regional language and also led to the development of an artificial literary language called Brajavali. Brajavali is, to an extent, a combination of medieval

Cyrillic script. Speakers generally use Avar or Russian as their literary language(s). There have been some 19th-century texts written in Andi. The 2015

Quechua during the early colonial period and transformed it into a literary language. The Incas were not known to develop a written form of language; however

Digraphs in parentheses are dialectal, and are therefore absent from the literary language and the official alphabet. Abkhaz is a Caucasian language, spoken

group contributed significantly to the development of the Kashubian literary language. The earliest printed documents in Polish with Kashubian elements

support of literature in several languages: Sanskrit (the pan-Indian literary language), Kannada (the language of the Vijayanagara home base in Karnataka)

which would establish the western dialects as the principal Finnish literary language. He was buried at St. Olaf's Church, Ulvila. De orthoëpia et orthographia

neglect of World Englishes, its implied but unacknowledged focus on literary language and, above all, its influence. The OED, as a commercial product, has

themselves in three forms: standardized dialect vs. regional dialect, literary language vs. colloquial language, and lexical (vocabulary) variations. The

Modern Irish, dating from the 13th century, was the basis of the literary language of both Ireland and Gaelic-speaking Scotland. Modern Irish, sometimes

shift toward traditions native to El Salvador and his synthesis of literary language and vernacular dialect. The representation of popular speech was often

colloquial. Mathilukal and Shabdangal for the most part use "standard" literary language. Balyakalasakhi (partly), Paththummayude Aadu, Mathilukal, and Anuraagathinte

seen as the pinnacle of Latin literature, and Latin was the dominant literary language of England at the time, therefore making Virgilian influence highly

Magocsi, Paul R., ed. (1996). A New Slavic Language Is Born: The Rusyn Literary Language of Slovakia. New York: Columbia University Press. Magocsi, Paul R

some time after, was New Persian (Farsi). It played the role of the literary language of class feudal lords as well. Tsutsiev 2014, p. 9. Tonoyan 2019,

than in Classical Sanskrit proper. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit is a literary language heavily influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages, based on early

Goran Kovačić. The Institute published the Dictionary of Croatian Literary Language, as well as taking over the publishing of the Croatian Encyclopedia

development, it also received criticism for Tripathi's usage of non-literary language. Continuing from The Immortals of Meluha, Shiva, the fabled savior

lengua hablada y literaria [Pronunciation of Spanish: spoken and literary language] (in Spanish), Madrid: Castalia, ISBN 978-8470394836 Canepari, Luciano

form of a mix between its most salient trait, the use of more formal literary language (as was the case of the so-called "generation of 1945", whose twin

phrases and idioms. Transgressives were still used quite widely in the literary language at the beginning of the 20th century. For example, Jaroslav Hašek's

translations were copied by speakers of other dialects, the hybrid literary language Church Slavonic was created. Originally sent to convert the Slavs

ISBN 978-3-906751-79-5. Stoklund, M. (2003). "The first runes – the literary language of the Germani". The Spoils of Victory – the North in the Shadow of

Gustav (2018). Tatar Grammar: А Grammar of the Contemporary Tatar Literary Language (PDF). Institute for Bible Translation. ISBN 978-5-93943-259-7. Зәкиев

songs used in music. Under the Sasanians, the official, religious and literary language was Middle Persian. Following the Muslim conquest of Iran, the language

Both charters are written in Serbian recension of Church Slavonic (literary) language, but the vernacular is present in the parts where the gifts to Hilandar

language of religion, which sparked a new interest in using Danish as a literary language. Also in this period, Danish began to take on the linguistic traits

published the Declaration on the Status and Name of the Croatian Literary Language, demanding greater autonomy for the Croatian language. The declaration

was abandoning poetry in English in favour of "synthetic Scots", a literary language compiled from dialects and earlier writers such as Robert Henryson

form of a mix between its most salient trait, the use of more formal literary language (as was the case of the so-called "generation of 1945", whose twin

Bhavan. p. 515. During the sixteenth century, a form of an artificial literary language became established ... It was the Brajabulī dialect ... Brajabulī

Kuban-Zelenchuk (Cherkess) Central Kabardian Baksan (Basis for the literary language) Malka Eastern Kabardian Terek Mozdok North Kabardian Mulka Zabardiqa

literary form of Korean. Speakers do not generally use Koryo-mar as a literary language. Written Korean during the Soviet period tended to follow the North

which are archaisms or descendants of old forms discarded by the literary language. Various terms are used to describe Russian grammar with the meaning

established poetic patterns that would become integral to the Polish literary language John III Sobieski, King of Poland Hugo Kołłątaj, constitutional reformer

Krasnoslobodsk-Temnikov dialect was chosen as the basis for the Moksha literary language. He completed the work on the grammar and described phonetics, morphology

tradition, the language is known as Nagpuri, which is the polished and literary language especially used by Hindus and in cities. While Sadri refers to the

majority of Lombards spoke only Lombard, as "Italian" was merely a literary language, and most Italians were not able to read or write. After the Italian

Najdi Arabic (PDF) Lunt, Horace G. (1952), Grammar of the Macedonian Literary Language, Skopje{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

style uncommon at the time. Irish was still Ireland's most important literary language in the eighteenth century, but little prose was produced. The emphasis

ensures the preservation, protection, and development of the Latgalian literary language as a historical variant of the Latvian language" (§3.4). The law regards

time, called classical Armenian or Grabar, remained the Armenian literary language, with various changes, until the 19th century. Meanwhile, spoken Armenian

exists as Karlamagnús saga, and a translation into the artificial literary language of Franco-Venetian is also known; such translations contributed to

imperial lingua franca rather than a marker of nationality, serving as a literary language adopted by Ukrainian society to advance a Ukrainian national agenda

(conjunctions): that (sometimes preceded by in order or so, or, in literary language, to the end) lest (equivalent to that not, sometimes with the meaning

Parliaments in 1707 southern Modern English was generally adopted as the literary language though Modern Scots remained the vernacular. On the whole Middle Scots

possible to distinguish between three levels of speech: Atticism (the literary language), Koine (the common language of the Hellenistic period), and Demotic

heard the Belarusian language) and by modernizing the Belarusian literary language, which had been little used since the sixteenth century. Post-independence

17th century onwards in order to provide the Slavs with a common literary language. Interslavic in its current form was standardized in 2011 after the

and united them under the same authorities. Attic Greek became the literary language everywhere. Buck says: "… long after Attic had become the norm of

system, the so-called Limba Sarda Comuna, in official acts. As a literary language, Sardinian is gaining importance, despite heated debate about the

and possibly some of the ruling Arabs and Berbers. The cultural and literary language of the Mozarabs was at first Latin, but as time passed, it came to

Коми язык 1998, pp. 264–266. "Creating and development of the Komi literary language" in Tsypanov, Prof. E. A.; anonymous (tr.). "The Finno-Ugric language

Political power was no longer in English hands, so the West Saxon literary language had no more influence than any other dialect. Middle English literature

least until the early 11th century, Middle Persian was still the literary language of the hereditary Zoroastrian priesthood. Nonetheless, aside from

irregular verbs whose conjugations differ between spoken Welsh and the literary language. Some grammatical information relating to specific verbs in various

in Ukrainian literature since the very emergence of the Ukrainian literary language. For example, in the 1798 poem Eneyida, written by Ivan Kotlyarevsky

marked attributes in Old Khmer noun phrases and is used in formal and literary language to signify that what precedes is the noun and what follows is the

Retrieved 2023-09-29. Lunt, Horace G. (1952). Grammar of the Macedonian Literary Language. Skopje. Macedonian Latin alphabet, Pravopis na makedonskiot literaturen