Find link

language:

jump to random article

Find link is a tool written by Edward Betts.

searching for folate 109 found (1252 total)

alternate case: Folate

Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (4,300 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

membrane antigen (PSMA) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FOLH1 (folate hydrolase 1) gene. Human GCPII contains 750 amino acids and weighs approximately
Dihydropteroate synthase (397 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
organisms require reduced folate cofactors for the synthesis of a variety of metabolites. Most microorganisms must synthesize folate de novo because they lack
Nutritional neuroscience (15,345 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
against folate receptor alpha have been found in up to 75% of children with autism. Folate deficiency most commonly arises from insufficient folate intake
Mirvetuximab soravtansine (790 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
tube cancer, or primary peritoneal cancer. Mirvetuximab soravtansine is a folate receptor alpha directed antibody and microtubule inhibitor conjugate. The
Homocysteine (2,001 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
It is decreased with methyl folate trapping, where it is accompanied by decreased methylmalonic acid, increased folate, and a decrease in formiminoglutamic
Prostate cancer (8,858 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Prostate cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system below the bladder. Early prostate cancer causes
Megaloblastic anemia (1,255 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
most often due to hypovitaminosis, specifically vitamin B12 deficiency or folate deficiency. Loss of micronutrients may also be a cause. Megaloblastic anemia
Sulfamethoxazole (982 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
intermediate interferes with the normal bacterial synthesis of folic acid (folate). Folate is an essential metabolite for bacterial growth and replication because
Neurulation (3,295 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
1186/s12976-016-0037-2 Björklund, NK, Gordon, R A hypothesis linking low folate intake to neural tube defects due to failure of post-translation methylations
Folate receptor 1 (1,733 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Folate receptor 1 (Folate receptor alpha, FOLR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOLR1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member
Nucleotide salvage (736 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
A salvage pathway is a pathway in which a biological product is produced from intermediates in the degradative pathway of its own or a similar substance
Folylpolyglutamate synthase (852 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
for folate homeostasis and the survival of proliferating cells. This enzyme catalyzes the ATP-dependent addition of glutamate moieties to folate and folate
Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor (406 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
function of dihydrofolate reductase, and is a type of antifolate. Since folate is needed by rapidly dividing cells to make thymine, this effect may be
Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (982 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
polyglutamates and glutamate. Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase is also known as conjugase, folate conjugase, lysosomal gamma-glutamyl carboxypeptidase, gamma-Glu-X carboxypeptidase
Farletuzumab (199 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
ovarian cancer. This drug was developed by Morphotek, Inc. It is targeted at folate receptor alpha (FRα) which is overexpressed in some cancers such as epithelial
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (2,378 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
However, because the folates used by folate metabolic and folate-dependent enzymes are all very similar in structure and folate mimics are already common
Gram-negative bacteria (2,411 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
beta-lactam-betalactamase inhibitor combinations (such as piperacillin-tazobactam), folate antagonists, quinolones, and carbapenems. Many of these antibiotics also
Inosine monophosphate synthase (788 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
"Polyglutamation of methotrexate with common polymorphisms in reduced folate carrier, aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase, and thymidylate
Kearns–Sayre syndrome (2,867 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
cerebral folate deficiency in the Kearns–Sayre syndrome is the failure of the mechanisms in the choroid plexus that are responsible for passage of folates from
Nukazuke (1,171 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
the intestinal flora. These bacteria are also responsible for producing folate and vitamin B12 in nukazuke. Further, since nukazuke absorb nutrients from
Kearns–Sayre syndrome (2,867 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
cerebral folate deficiency in the Kearns–Sayre syndrome is the failure of the mechanisms in the choroid plexus that are responsible for passage of folates from
Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase (1,773 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
lies. The cleft consists of the GAR binding site and the folate-binding pocket. The folate-binding pocket is delineated by pteridine-binding cleft, the
Epigenetics of autism (6,257 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
in folate levels or folate metabolism could significantly impact DNA methylation and contribute to what causes autism. This idea is what makes folate pathways
Juno (protein) (538 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
known as folate receptor 4, folate receptor delta or IZUMO1R is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOLR4 gene. Juno is a member of the folate receptor
Pyrimethamine (3,121 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
reactions, and bone marrow suppression. It should not be used by people with folate deficiency that has resulted in anemia. There is concern that it may increase
Whitefish (fisheries term) (367 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
Pantothenic acid 1.48 mg Vitamin B-6 0.594 mg Folate, total 29.7 µg Folic acid 0 µg Folate, food 29.7 µg Folate, DFE 29.7 µg Choline, total 129 mg Vitamin
FOLR2 (785 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Folate receptor beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOLR2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the folate receptor (FOLR)
Pralatrexate (634 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
cancerous cells take in natural folate through a protein identified as plasma membrane transporter (now referred to as "reduced folate carrier type 1" or "RFC-1")
Conditions comorbid to autism spectrum disorders (7,919 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
abnormalities of folate metabolism in ASD. These abnormalities can lead to a decrease in 5-methyltetrahydrofolate production, alter the production of folate metabolites
Misu (235 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
beverage is high in protein, vitamins, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, folate, and selenium, and is a dieter's drink, as it is quite filling but low in
Folate targeting (3,023 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
vitamin, folate (folic acid), to a molecule/drug to form a "folate conjugate". Based on the natural high affinity of folate for the folate receptor protein
Pancytopenia (794 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Dyskeratosis congenita Myelodysplastic syndrome Leukemia Leishmaniasis Severe folate or vitamin B12 deficiency Systemic lupus erythematosus Paroxysmal nocturnal
Thymidylate synthase inhibitor (380 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
945/ ONX-0801 OSI-7904L CB300638 Jackman AL, Calvert AH (November 1995). "Folate-based thymidylate synthase inhibitors as anticancer drugs". Annals of Oncology
Nutrition and cognition (3,091 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Concentrations of blood plasma folate and homocysteine concentrations are inversely related, such that an increase in dietary folate decreases homocysteine concentration
MTRR (gene) (5,274 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
methionine synthase (MTR). The folate cycle is linked to homocysteine metabolism via MTR. Circulating blood folate (5-methyl tetrahydrofolate, 5-MTHF)
Nutriepigenomics (4,722 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
used in DNA methylation are often derived from dietary sources, such as folate and choline, and explains why diet can have a significant impact on methylation
Formylation (2,827 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
antifolate inhibitor with proton-coupled folate transporter and folate receptor selectivity over the reduced folate carrier that inhibits β-glycinamide ribonucleotide
6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency (1,336 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
also been reported. Patients with mild phenotypes may deteriorate if given folate antagonists such as methotrexate, which can interfere with a salvage pathway
FOLR3 (297 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Folate receptor gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOLR3 gene. It is involved in up-take of folic acid. The FOLR multi-gene family (FOLR1
Anemia in pregnancy (3,204 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
disease Dietary deficiencies: Folate deficiency and vitamin B12 deficiency are common causes of anemia in pregnancy. Folate deficiency occurs due to diets
Binding protein (261 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Calmodulin-binding proteins Iron-binding proteins Thyroxine-binding proteins Folate-binding protein Sterol regulatory element-binding protein GTP-binding protein
Aminodeoxychorismate synthase (852 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
precursor for the production of folates. Folates are family of cofactors that are essential for living organisms. Folate cofactors are used in several one-carbon
Raltitrexed (320 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
class of chemotherapy drugs called folate antimetabolites, which inhibit one or more of three enzymes that use folate and derivatives as substrates: DHFR
PTS (gene) (823 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase, also known as PTS, is a human gene which facilitates folate biosynthesis. 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin
Helen Keller International (1,252 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
treating refractive error. Its nutrition programs include vitamin A, iron/folate, and multi-micronutrient supplementation, fortification of commonly used
Riboflavin-responsive exercise intolerance (429 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
caused by mutations of the SLC25A32 gene that encodes the mitochondrial folate transporter. Patients suffer from exercise intolerance and may have disrupted
Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (1,034 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Use of this drug is contraindicated in: Megaloblastic anaemia caused by folate deficiency Hypersensitivity to pyrimethamine, sulfonamides, or any ingredient
Riboflavin-responsive exercise intolerance (429 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
caused by mutations of the SLC25A32 gene that encodes the mitochondrial folate transporter. Patients suffer from exercise intolerance and may have disrupted
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (1,567 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
metabolism-related pathway involved in the generation of NADPH is the mitochondrial folate cycle, which uses principally serine as a source of one-carbon units to
Endocyte (649 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
small molecule drug conjugate consisting of a small molecule targeting the folate receptor, which is expressed on many cancers, such as ovarian cancer, and
GNMT (3,150 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
liver by Kerr. In 1984, Cook and Wagner demonstrated that a liver cytosolic folate binding protein is identical to GNMT. The human GMNT gene was cloned in
LabCorp v. Metabolite, Inc. (706 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
reproduced in full below: "A method for detecting a deficiency of cobalamin or folate in warm-blooded animals comprising the steps of: "assaying a body fluid
Francisella (814 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
produce three B vitamin types, biotin (vitamin B7), riboflavin (B2) and folate (B9). Francisella endosymbionts are often misidentified as Francisella tularensis;
LabCorp v. Metabolite, Inc. (706 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
reproduced in full below: "A method for detecting a deficiency of cobalamin or folate in warm-blooded animals comprising the steps of: "assaying a body fluid
ONX-0801 (525 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
experimental drug that has been developed to target ovarian cancer. It is a folate receptor alpha mediated thymidylate synthase inhibitor. ONX-0801 was originally
Francisella (814 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
produce three B vitamin types, biotin (vitamin B7), riboflavin (B2) and folate (B9). Francisella endosymbionts are often misidentified as Francisella tularensis;
Folate-biopterin transporter family (372 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
The folate-biopterin transporter (FBT) family (TC# 2.A.71) is a distant family within the major facilitator superfamily, most closely related to drug resistance
ALDH1L1 (582 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Hartge P, et al. (2007). "Gene-nutrient interactions among determinants of folate and one-carbon metabolism on the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: NCI-SEER
Fertility medication (2,599 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
amounts of studies and participants, more clinical studies are needed. Folate in combination with zinc supplementation was shown to have a statistically
Dihydrofolate reductase deficiency (261 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
reductase deficiency (DHFR deficiency) is a rare inherited disorder of folate metabolism caused by defects in the DHFR gene. The disorder is inherited
International Working Group on Neurotransmitter Related Disorders (195 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase, dihydropteridine reductase, sepiapterin reductase, folate receptor alpha, dihydrofolate reductase, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
Reduced folate carrier family (624 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Reduced Folate Carrier (RFC) Family (TC# 2.A.48) is a group of transport proteins that is part of the major facilitator superfamily. RFCs take up folate, reduced
David S Rosenblatt (410 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
2013. He is known for his contributions to the field of inborn errors of folate and vitamin B12 metabolism. Rosenblatt received a Bachelor of Science from
Dihydrofolate reductase deficiency (261 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
reductase deficiency (DHFR deficiency) is a rare inherited disorder of folate metabolism caused by defects in the DHFR gene. The disorder is inherited
Lisa Houghton (641 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
University of Toronto. Her thesis was "The effect of folate supplementation on folate status and breastmilk folate concentration in lactating women". Houghton
Lisa Houghton (641 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
University of Toronto. Her thesis was "The effect of folate supplementation on folate status and breastmilk folate concentration in lactating women". Houghton
Rachischisis (1,316 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
slightly higher chance that females will develop the condition over males. Folate deficiency is also a well-accepted risk factor of all neural tube defects
Causes of autism (15,885 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
PMID 28331572. Rossignol DA, Frye RE (November 2021). "Cerebral Folate Deficiency, Folate Receptor Alpha Autoantibodies and Leucovorin (Folinic Acid) Treatment
Dyserythropoiesis (199 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Acquired causes include nutrient deficiency/malnutrition (e.g. cobalamine, folate, and iron), myelodysplasia, HIV infection, and certain medications (e.g
OSI-7904 (222 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
liposomal thymidylate synthase inhibitor. OSI-7904 is a benzoquinazoline folate analog with antineoplastic activity. As a thymidylate synthase inhibitor
Pafolacianine (775 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
fluorescence-guided surgery. Pafolacianine is a fluorescent medication that binds to folate receptor (FR)-expressing cells. The most common side effects of pafolacianine
Complications of diabetes (6,936 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
of endothelial NO synthase enzyme might be potentially elevated by folate, folate supplementation might be capable of restoring the availability of NO
Reticulocytopenia (1,342 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia Malnutrition - (e.g. deficiencies in B12, folate, iron) Sequelae of malignancy, connective tissue disease, autoimmune disease
N-acetyltransferase 1 (616 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
This enzyme helps metabolize drugs and other xenobiotics, and functions in folate catabolism. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have
Complexion (1,408 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
have developed dark skin to block out the sun and protect their body's folate reserves. Those living away from the equator have developed light skin to
Cat cognitive support diets (4,513 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
molecules to release active folate, without which a functional folate deficiency occurs [5]. Folate is required for the folate cycle, so deficiency prompts
International Meeting for Autism Research (466 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Another paper presented there focused on the prevalence of autoantibodies to folate receptors in autistic children, and found that about 75% of children with
Thymidylate synthase (1,902 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
the sole de novo pathway for production of dTMP and is the only enzyme in folate metabolism in which the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate is oxidised during
Mihai Ioan Botez (970 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Peyronnard JM, Bachevalier J, Charron L (September 1978). "Polyneuropathy and folate deficiency". Archives of Neurology. 35 (9): 581–4. doi:10.1001/archneur
Methylation (3,051 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
epigenetics. Sources of methyl groups include S-methylmethionine, methyl folate, methyl B12. Methanogenesis, the process that generates methane from CO2
DIP2B (239 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
that DIP2B may participate in DNA methylation. This gene is located near a folate-sensitive fragile site. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000066084 – Ensembl
Capicua (protein) (1,435 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
been shown to affect the expression of folate receptor alpha, and CIC mutations might result in cerebral folate deficiency. ATXN1 — capicua and ataxin
Thrombocytopenia (2,658 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Thrombocytopenia in hospitalized alcoholics may be caused by spleen enlargement, folate deficiency, and most frequently, the direct toxic effect of alcohol on production
DIP2B (239 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
that DIP2B may participate in DNA methylation. This gene is located near a folate-sensitive fragile site. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000066084 – Ensembl
Capicua (protein) (1,435 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
been shown to affect the expression of folate receptor alpha, and CIC mutations might result in cerebral folate deficiency. ATXN1 — capicua and ataxin
Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (3,536 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Wojcicki P, Dziegelewska M, Jagodzinski PP (Dec 2010). "Associations of folate and choline metabolism gene polymorphisms with orofacial clefts". Journal
May–Grünwald stain (139 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Y., Toriumi, N., Sarashina, T. et al. An infantile case of hereditary folate malabsorption with sudden development of pulmonary hemorrhage: a case report
Alec Coppen (448 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
in depression from 1970, and consistently found low plasma and red cell folate in patients with severe depression. He also showed that a folic acid supplement
List of medical mnemonics (3,990 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Low dietary intake Infection with Giardia Celiac sprue Dilantin Relative folate deficiency Old Pregnant ABCD: Anderson's = Branching enzyme Cori's = Debranching
Haptocorrin (1,810 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
FC, Smith AD, Martin RM (Nov 2010). "Associations of folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and folate-pathway polymorphisms with prostate-specific antigen
Rubus idaeus (1,156 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
sweet taste and are very aromatic. Red raspberries contains 31 μg/100 g of folate. Red raspberries have antioxidant effects that play a minor role in the
Sulfadoxine (160 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Sulfadoxine competitively inhibits dihydropteroate synthase, interfering with folate synthesis.[citation needed] Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine Scholia has a topic
Fumonisin B1 (3,216 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
out folate deficiency as a major risk factor for neural tube defects. FB1 disrupts sphingolipid metabolism and therefore this could affect folate uptake
MTHFD1 (1,118 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
JS, Kaplan BS, Nunez LD, et al. (September 2011). "Novel inborn error of folate metabolism: identification by exome capture and sequencing of mutations
Mechouia salad (217 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
disease and cancer. They are also a great source of vitamin C, potassium, folate and vitamin K. Contains fiber, vitamin E and C. North Africans use it to
Nanomaterials (10,264 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
uses Folate Receptors (FR) to detect tumor lesions as small as 370 micrometers. Folate Receptors are membrane bound surface proteins that bind folates and
Prenatal vitamin (761 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
compounds play in fetal development. The increased dosage of folic acid or folates reflects the American Dietetic Associations position that women should
Sutro Biopharma (637 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
is currently in a Phase I clinical trial. STRO-002 is an ADC targeting folate receptor alpha, a cell-surface protein highly expressed in gynecological
Dendrimer (6,905 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
PMID 27422195. Singh P, Gupta U, Asthana A, Jain NK (November 2008). "Folate and folate-PEG-PAMAM dendrimers: synthesis, characterization, and targeted anticancer
Dasheri (264 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
zinc, vitamin E, iron, calcium, and other quantities of zinc, vitamin A, folate, and other minerals that support proper organ function. Dasheri mangoes
Phenytoin (4,510 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
known to be a causal factor in the development of peripheral neuropathy. Folate is present in food in a polyglutamate form, which is then converted into
List of hematologic conditions (2,581 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Invest. 56 (5): 1125–1131. doi:10.1172/JCI108187. PMC 301974. PMID 1184739. "Folate-deficiency anemia". National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S.
Fosphenytoin (612 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
subsequently metabolized to formate, which is in turn metabolized by a folate dependent mechanism. Side effects are similar to intravenous phenytoin and
Stephen J. Benkovic (3,234 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
S. J., and Wright, P. E. (1995) Dynamics of the dihydrofolate reductase—folate complex: Catalytic sites and regions known to undergo conformational change
Neurodevelopmental disorder (3,215 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
medications and other environmental causes, many of which interfere with folate metabolism, thus they are considered to have multifactorial causes.) Another
Purinosome (1,426 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
relevance of this folate enzyme's inclusion to the purinosome macrobody is unclear: while it provides substrate for a trifunctional folate enzyme C1THF synthase
FOLR (45 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
FOLR may refer to: FOLR1 (folate receptor 1, adult) FOLR2 (folate receptor 2, fetal) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title
Red kuri squash (501 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Dietary Fiber: 5.74 grams Calcium: 28.7 mg Iron: 0.67 mg Potassium: 895.85 mg Folate: 57.40 mcg Vitamin: A 7,291.85 Systax database at the University of Ulm
Bruce Chabner (387 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Center at Massachusetts General Hospital. His research focuses on anti-folate drugs for the treatment of cancer. His work at NIH led to the development