Find link

language: af: Afrikaans als: Alemannisch [Alemannic] am: አማርኛ [Amharic] an: aragonés [Aragonese] ar: العربية [Arabic] arz: مصرى [Egyptian Arabic] as: অসমীয়া [Assamese] ast: asturianu [Asturian] az: azərbaycanca [Azerbaijani] azb: تۆرکجه [Southern Azerbaijani] ba: башҡортса [Bashkir] bar: Boarisch [Bavarian] bat-smg: žemaitėška [Samogitian] be: беларуская [Belarusian] be-tarask: беларуская (тарашкевіца) [Belarusian (Taraškievica)] bg: български [Bulgarian] bn: বাংলা [Bengali] bpy: বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী [Bishnupriya Manipuri] br: brezhoneg [Breton] bs: bosanski [Bosnian] bug: ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ [Buginese] ca: català [Catalan] ce: нохчийн [Chechen] ceb: Cebuano ckb: کوردیی ناوەندی [Kurdish (Sorani)] cs: čeština [Czech] cv: Чӑвашла [Chuvash] cy: Cymraeg [Welsh] da: dansk [Danish] de: Deutsch [German] el: Ελληνικά [Greek] en: English eo: Esperanto es: español [Spanish] et: eesti [Estonian] eu: euskara [Basque] fa: فارسی [Persian] fi: suomi [Finnish] fo: føroyskt [Faroese] fr: français [French] fy: Frysk [West Frisian] ga: Gaeilge [Irish] gd: Gàidhlig [Scottish Gaelic] gl: galego [Galician] gu: ગુજરાતી [Gujarati] he: עברית [Hebrew] hi: हिन्दी [Hindi] hr: hrvatski [Croatian] hsb: hornjoserbsce [Upper Sorbian] ht: Kreyòl ayisyen [Haitian] hu: magyar [Hungarian] hy: Հայերեն [Armenian] ia: interlingua [Interlingua] id: Bahasa Indonesia [Indonesian] io: Ido is: íslenska [Icelandic] it: italiano [Italian] ja: 日本語 [Japanese] jv: Basa Jawa [Javanese] ka: ქართული [Georgian] kk: қазақша [Kazakh] kn: ಕನ್ನಡ [Kannada] ko: 한국어 [Korean] ku: Kurdî [Kurdish (Kurmanji)] ky: Кыргызча [Kirghiz] la: Latina [Latin] lb: Lëtzebuergesch [Luxembourgish] li: Limburgs [Limburgish] lmo: lumbaart [Lombard] lt: lietuvių [Lithuanian] lv: latviešu [Latvian] map-bms: Basa Banyumasan [Banyumasan] mg: Malagasy min: Baso Minangkabau [Minangkabau] mk: македонски [Macedonian] ml: മലയാളം [Malayalam] mn: монгол [Mongolian] mr: मराठी [Marathi] mrj: кырык мары [Hill Mari] ms: Bahasa Melayu [Malay] my: မြန်မာဘာသာ [Burmese] mzn: مازِرونی [Mazandarani] nah: Nāhuatl [Nahuatl] nap: Napulitano [Neapolitan] nds: Plattdüütsch [Low Saxon] ne: नेपाली [Nepali] new: नेपाल भाषा [Newar] nl: Nederlands [Dutch] nn: norsk nynorsk [Norwegian (Nynorsk)] no: norsk bokmål [Norwegian (Bokmål)] oc: occitan [Occitan] or: ଓଡ଼ିଆ [Oriya] os: Ирон [Ossetian] pa: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ [Eastern Punjabi] pl: polski [Polish] pms: Piemontèis [Piedmontese] pnb: پنجابی [Western Punjabi] pt: português [Portuguese] qu: Runa Simi [Quechua] ro: română [Romanian] ru: русский [Russian] sa: संस्कृतम् [Sanskrit] sah: саха тыла [Sakha] scn: sicilianu [Sicilian] sco: Scots sh: srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски [Serbo-Croatian] si: සිංහල [Sinhalese] simple: Simple English sk: slovenčina [Slovak] sl: slovenščina [Slovenian] sq: shqip [Albanian] sr: српски / srpski [Serbian] su: Basa Sunda [Sundanese] sv: svenska [Swedish] sw: Kiswahili [Swahili] ta: தமிழ் [Tamil] te: తెలుగు [Telugu] tg: тоҷикӣ [Tajik] th: ไทย [Thai] tl: Tagalog tr: Türkçe [Turkish] tt: татарча/tatarça [Tatar] uk: українська [Ukrainian] ur: اردو [Urdu] uz: oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча [Uzbek] vec: vèneto [Venetian] vi: Tiếng Việt [Vietnamese] vo: Volapük wa: walon [Walloon] war: Winaray [Waray] yi: ייִדיש [Yiddish] yo: Yorùbá [Yoruba] zh: 中文 [Chinese] zh-min-nan: Bân-lâm-gú [Min Nan] zh-yue: 粵語 [Cantonese]

jump to random article

Longer titles found: Visual field test (view), Humphrey visual field analyser (view), Divided visual field paradigm (view), Meridian (perimetry, visual field) (view), Confrontation visual field testing (view)

searching for Visual field 366 found (880 total)

alternate case: visual field

Homonymous hemianopsia (955 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Hemianopsia, or hemianopia, is a visual field loss on the left or right side of the vertical midline. It can affect one eye but usually affects both eyes

as "visual acuity ranging from LogMAR 1.50 to 2.60 (inclusive) and/or visual field constricted to a diameter of less than 10 degrees." It is used by a number

word to either the left or right visual field for a short period of time. If the word was shown to the right visual field, meaning the left hemisphere would

The FEF is responsible for saccadic eye movements for the purpose of visual field perception and awareness, as well as for voluntary eye movement. The

acuity. Some rarer forms result in a loss of vision in the corresponding visual field. Almost all cases are X-linked recessive and caused by a mutation in

ignore the other visual field and to not respond to the targets presented in that visual field. When targets in the attended visual field are compared to

split-brain patients are shown an image only in the left half of each eye's visual field, they cannot verbally name what they have seen. This is because the brain's

shown on one side of the visual field was compared to trials where stimuli were shown on the opposite side of the visual field. The C1's polarity is also

horizontal plane. Omnidirectional cameras are important in areas where large visual field coverage is needed, such as in panoramic photography and robotics. A

more visible. They may become apparent with an ophthalmoscope and some visual field loss at the end of adolescence. ODD can compress and eventually compromise

Visual hierarchy, according to Gestalt psychology, is a pattern in the visual field wherein some elements tend to "stand out," or attract attention, more

epilepsy due to the risk of permanent vision loss. Although estimates of visual field loss vary substantially, risk appears to be lower among infants with

perspective is a graphical perspective rendered through a character's visual field, so the camera is "seeing" out of a character's eyes. A classic example

surrounding. When the luminous source occupies a much greater portion of the visual field (e.g. daylit windows), discomfort caused by glare can be linked to a

drawn by movement or distinct changes in illumination in an individual's visual field. These external stimuli can be beneficial in such situations as the movement

visual information from the left visual field, and the left LGN receives visual information from the right visual field. Within one LGN, the visual information

(usually larger = macropsia), especially in the central portion of the visual field, creating a localized or field-dependent aniseikonia that cannot be fully

independent (invariant) of the direction the object moves in the toad's visual field. Stationary objects usually elicit no prey-catching or avoidance responses

distorted vision (metamorphopsia). A blurred or gray spot in the central visual field is common when the retina is detached. Reduced visual acuity may persist

counterpart of the fact that the exterior world extends so far beyond our visual field" (Ellenberger, 707). The personal unconscious is made up of both memories

all or part of the image of one of the eyes. The area of a person's visual field that is suppressed is called the suppression scotoma (with a scotoma

(with "fuzzy" ends, hence the name "brush") visible in the center of the visual field against the blue sky viewed while facing away from the sun, or on any

of medical cases, in which a patient cannot perceive motion in their visual field, despite being able to see stationary objects without issue. The syndrome

eyes in the facial expression of fear have been shown to increase the visual field and the speed of moving the eyes which helps finding and following threats

concentrated. The central visual field is located in the posterior portion of the calcarine sulcus, and the peripheral visual field is located in the anterior

that aids in the adaptation to a repeated shift in the visual field. A shift in the visual field affects an individual's spatial recognition. The leading

occurs over hours to days. Most patients lose the lower half of their visual field (an inferior altitudinal loss), though superior altitudinal loss is also

where retinal ganglion cells and their axons die causing a corresponding visual field defect. An important risk factor is increased intraocular pressure (pressure

the inferior visual field. The lingula receives information from the contralateral inferior retina representing the superior visual field. The retinal

the visual field is not caused by an actual blood flow to the eye, but it is most likely caused by the blood-laden lower eyelid coming into the visual field

right visual field but not the left". Lazarus Geiger Gilbert AL, Regier T, Kay P, Ivry RB, Whorf hypothesis is supported in the right visual field but not

acuity of 2/60 or a visual field of less than 5 degrees. B3 - Partially sighted; visual acuity from 2/60 to 6/60 or visual field from 5 to 20 degrees

object which are perceived even after the object is removed from the visual field. Movement of the original object causes all of the duplicated images

sensitivity and/or nausea. Visual loss tends to affect the entire monocular visual field of one eye, not both eyes. After each episode, normal vision returns

the retina; they both have the same basic structure. Closest to the visual field (and farthest from the brain) is the axon terminal, which releases a

movement: motion is seen between two objects in different positions in the visual field at different times providing the objects are similar (which is true of

visual perception, in which objects within an affected section of the visual field appear larger than normal, causing the person to feel smaller than they

the location of brain-damage (except for damage comprising part of the visual field). It consists of (e.g. nine) digit-symbol pairs (e.g. 1/-, 2/┴, ... 7/Λ

seen in only one visual field of the brain: the winter house was positioned so it would only be seen in the patient's left visual field (LVF), which corresponds

facial wool, the visual field is wide. In 10 sheep (Cambridge, Lleyn and Welsh Mountain breeds, which lack facial wool), the visual field ranged from 298°

stimulates the cells of the retina. Experiences include a darkening of the visual field that moves against the rubbing, a diffuse colored patch that also moves

lower its head to increase its range of binocular vision. A horse's visual field is lowered when it is asked to go "on the bit" with the head held perpendicular

no light perception in either eye up to visual acuity of 6/60 and/or visual field of less than 20 degrees. Classification assessed in the best eye with

known for his contribution to delineating cortical representation of the visual field, especially in the striate cortex. By comparing the entrance and exit

or right box on the screen. This cue relies on input from the central visual field. An exogenous cue is presented outside the center of focus, usually highlighting

vision at all,[citation needed] and in fact is hard to notice if the visual field is highly patterned, complex, or in motion.[citation needed] When active

sequence of stimuli are shown to an observer at one location in their visual field. The observer is instructed to report one of these stimuli - the target

stroke or pre-existing hemispatial neglect, or inattention to the left visual field (Antoniello, 2016) (Keenan, 2004). Individuals who suffer from somatoparaphrenia

visually presented objects. It is not due to a deficit in vision (acuity, visual field, and scanning), language, memory, or intellect. While cortical blindness

cecocentral scotoma, a visual field defect at or surrounding the point of fixation. This pattern can be revealed via visual field testing. Upon examination

combining adequate protection and ventilation with safety and sufficient visual field. List of glaciers in the Antarctic Glaciology  This article incorporates

research. Because of an infant's inability to verbally express their visual field, growing research in this field relies heavily on nonverbal cues including

each nasal retina cross. This results in the right half of each eye's visual field being represented in the left hemisphere and the left half of each eye's

information through prioritization of an area within the visual field. A region of space within the visual field is selected for attention and the information within

illusion is an illusion of visual perception in which a light area of the visual field looks larger than an otherwise identical dark area. It was named by Hermann

2 Complete hemianopia; patient recognizes no visual stimulus in one half of the visual field 3 Bilateral blindness, including blindness from any cause

applications, in which figures and grounds are discovered in a natural visual field that may or may not have this contrast, in cartography they are intentionally

figure-ground relationship to better organize the visual field. He explained that “the visual field has two areas; the area that stands out is the figure

superior quadrantic retina (corresponding to contralateral inferior visual field). It is most known for its involvement in basic visual processing. Pyramidal

pressure from playing high-resistance wind instruments to incidence of visual field loss. The range of intraoral pressure involved in various classes of

When a lilac stimulus that is presented to a particular region of the visual field for a long time (say 10 seconds or so) disappears, a green afterimage

they feel the particular way they do in particular states (e.g. why our visual field appears extended when we gaze out at the night sky), and what it would

of the visual field only for each eye (in contrast, temporal lobe visual hallucinations display complex forms, and fill the entire visual field) Damage

that of ganglion cells, they could blur the edge of the ganglion cell visual field. Similarly, wide field amacrine cells are hard to research and even discover

percept is not a hole in the visual field, but the content is “filled-in” based on information from the surrounding visual field. When a textured stimulus

acceptable. The earliest signs of toxicity include bilateral paracentral visual field changes (best detected with a red test object) and a subtle granular

obstruct the visual field, especially the superior visual field. In severe cases, it may obstruct as much as 50 percent of the superior visual field. If dermatochalasis

the representation is uneven: the fovea—the area at the center of the visual field—is greatly overrepresented compared to the periphery. The visual circuitry

and/or a visual field of less than 5 degrees". B3. Athletes have a "visual acuity of above 2/60 to a visual acuity of 6/60 and/or a visual field or more

temporal (towards the temple). For both eyes, combined (binocular vision) visual field is approximately 100° vertical and a maximum 190° horizontal, approximately

(occlusion) of the visual field of the two eyes in which the sector of the visual field that is adjacent to the nose (the nasal visual field) is occluded for

establish joint attention for objects within their visual field before objects beyond their current visual field. At this age, infants are not yet able to represent

Anableps and that the strength of this response is dependent on the visual field being tested—a stronger OMR was seen as a result of visual stimulation

excellent at responding to rapid changes in light intensity across the whole visual field; this fast response is further accelerated by the large nerve bundles

Sinocentric projection, placing the "Middle Kingdom" at the center of the visual field. Kunyu Wanguo Quantu, Matteo Ricci's 1602 world map. Shanhai Yudi Quantu

may help to pick up light from the side of the fish, out of the normal visual field. The pearl organ is associated with a secondary retina, allowing the

of what is seen differ from those of the corresponding objects in the visual field. In studying geometry one concentrates on the position of points and

example, the description of the eyepiece sets a visual field of 15°, much narrower than the visual field resulting from the urban landscape described. Soon

eccentricity refers to the horizontal axis, measured in degrees, along the visual field. The blind spot extends from an eccentricity d1 to eccentricity d2 in

indeed particularly prominent there, it is present in the whole of the visual field, with only its spatial extent varying (governed by Bouma's law; see below)

amblyopia is marked by a gradual impairment of vision characterised by visual field defects and hindered central vision. Methyl alcohol amblyopia occurs

Equipment to restrict a horse's visual field

2/60, or a visual field of less than 5 degrees." B3 B3 was defined as "visual acuity above 20/60, up to visual acuity of 6/60 and/or visual field of above

Those that are caused by mass effect are: headaches vision changes (visual field deficits, blurred vision, decreased visual acuity) cranial nerve palsies

either one or both hands and can be present in part of the visual field or the entire visual field. Optic ataxia has been often considered to be a high-level

are lacking therefore further research is warranted. Additionally, the visual field of this vulture species is more similar to other predatory species such

negligible; further, the moon will always be in the upper part of the visual field, or on the horizon. When a moth encounters a much closer artificial light

contributed greatly to the creation of the First International Standard for Visual Field Testing committee, where she represented the American optics and visual

especially in those centres concerned with localising objects in the visual field. Research has shown that at least two species of blesmol (Fukomys mechowii

that fill the entire visual field are more likely to cause seizures than those that appear in only a portion of the visual field. Stimuli perceived with

younger than fifty years of age. Some symptoms include blurred vision and visual field loss. There are many theories for the etiology of white dot syndromes

receives signals mainly from the right visual field and the right visual cortex mainly from the left visual field, although each cortex receives a considerable

causing significant visual loss in the perfused macula region (surrounding visual field will remain intact). In dogs, it is the continuation of the long ciliary

(V1). It proposes that the V1 in primates creates a saliency map of the visual field to guide visual attention or gaze shifts exogenously. V1SH is the only

bring the fields back together—to fuse the two images into a single visual field. This accounts for the “dejected” appearance of patients with “pathetic

posterior uveitis presents with painless decreased visual acuity and visual field floaters. A rare form of ocular (eye) involvement in this syndrome is

unilateral lesion to area V4, a loss of color perception in only half of the visual field may result known as hemiachromatopsia. Similar, but distinct, is color

in the human brain, showing pathways conveying information from the visual field of each eye to the contralateral visual cortex Specific terms are used

Using this method, subjects may report an image presented in their visual field as being invisible for over three minutes. CFS has the longest suppression

Using this method, subjects may report an image presented in their visual field as being invisible for over three minutes. CFS has the longest suppression

stereopsis, large accommodative lag on dynamic retinoscopy, and a reduced visual field (tubular or spiral field). Streff Syndrome was first described in 1962

have only limited information, as they see only a small portion of the visual field (a situation referred to as the "aperture problem"). In the absence of

is noticed, the head is rapidly rotated to bring the object into the visual field of the fovea. Further motions of the prey are then tracked by movements

sides of their heads, although it is possible they have some binocular visual field.[how?] Other animals that are not necessarily predators, such as fruit

opposite side. For instance, when an object is shown in the patient's right visual field, the left hemisphere (typically language-dominant) processes this information

that each neuron in the cortex is responsible for a small region of the visual field and also has its own orientation specificity. From the results of these

which plays a major role in the diagnosis of visual field loss due to glaucoma, he introduced the visual field indices. Flammer was one of the first researchers

layers of the eye). This tends to lead to progressive night blindness and visual field constriction. BCD is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This

published 2012]. The Postcolonial Eye: White Australian Desire and the Visual Field of Race. Routledge. pp. 59–79. ISBN 978-1-317-01969-5. Roberts, Tony

each cell type evenly across the retina, ensuring that all parts of the visual field have access to a full set of processing elements. GRCh38: Ensembl release

horizon. A tiger beetle uses the elevation of its potential prey in its visual field to determine how far away it is. As visual hunters, tiger beetles tend

also known as the physiological blind spot, the specific scotoma in the visual field that corresponds to the lack of light-detecting photoreceptor cells on

destroyed by a lesion damaging both the left visual field and the connection between the right visual field and the language areas (Broca's area and Wernicke's

which is when patients treat part of their body or objects in their visual field as though it never existed. Damage to the left side of the parietal lobe

are attributed to the failure to consciously attend to an item in the visual field as opposed the absence of cognitive processing. Findings such as inattentional

requirements at higher levels. The midband covers only about 5 to 10° of the visual field at any given instant, but like most crustaceans, mantis shrimps' eyes

diagonally different. When the disparity appears to vary across the visual field (field-dependent aniseikonia), as may be the case with an epiretinal

right visual field, it was shown that participants having solved the problem with insight were more likely to have been shown the RAT on the left visual field

this ability are called, report a vivid afterimage that lingers in the visual field with their eyes appearing to scan across the image as it is described

expands and cools to become a red giant. Several other stars in the same visual field have been catalogued as companions but are physically unrelated. α Aurigae

physiological testing for functional changes. Such tests may include visual field charting and final clinical interpretation of the complete eye examination

feature integration. As a result, faces are associated with central visual field processing while buildings are processed more peripherally. Malach et

these experiments when patients were shown an image within the right visual field (which maps to the left brain hemisphere), an explanation of what was

ataxia is associated with difficulties reaching toward objects in the visual field opposite to the side of the parietal damage. Some aspects of optic ataxia

Konrad PE, Pearson M, Wang L, Song Y, Abou-Khalil BW (September 2009). "Visual field defects after selective amygdalohippocampectomy and standard temporal

negligible; further, the moon will always be in the upper part of the visual field, or on the horizon. When a moth encounters a much closer artificial light

that place the viewer inside the painting. A painting that fills one's visual field. A painting in which one senses an animate presence in the work. West

usually begins as a spot of flickering light near or in the center of the visual field, which prevents vision within the scotoma area. It typically affects

preservation of colors Prism adaptation, sensory-motor adjustments after the visual field has been artificially shifted Cellular adaptation, changes by cells/tissues

to the way stereo sighted viewers perceive the center of their fused visual field as lying between the two physical eyes, as if seen by a cyclopean eye

physical body is a mental object, but still has extension in the space of a visual field. Abstract object theory Astronomical object Deformable body Free body

Goodrich, Kendall (January 2010). "What's up? Exploring Upper and Lower Visual Field Advertising Effects". Journal of Advertising Research. 50: 91. S. Egner;

ommatidial core from neighboring ommatidia to optimize coverage of the visual field, which therefore affects the acuity of Drosophila vision. In true flies

eye, it is not spherical, and the flatter shape enables more of its visual field to be in focus. A circle of bony plates, the sclerotic ring, surrounds

diminished, leading to an overall reduction in their visual field. In fact, Apteryx has the smallest visual field reported of any bird species that rely on non-visual

(also: conjugate prisms, ambient lenses or performance glasses) shift the visual field of both eyes to the same extent. Wikimedia Commons has media related

colobomata affect the inferior retina, with resultant deficit in the superior visual field. Other conditions can be associated with a coloboma. Sometimes, the eye

visual field defect occurs and the brain conjures a piece of visual data to fill the spot. This is described by sufferers as an image in the visual field

left visual field, and thus the left or right brain, respectively. It was observed that if the patient was presented with an image to his left visual field

and/or visual field of less than five (5) degrees T/F13 Can recognise contours between 2 and 6 metres away i.e. 2/60 O 6/60 and visual field of more

often by creating deficits or negative phenomena, such as blindness, visual field deficits or scotomas, decreased visual acuity and color blindness. On

patient may indicate an inflammatory process. Signs such as papilledema, visual field losses, or focal neurological deficits are red flag signs for elevated

proportions of the three cone types in the retina vary from the center of the visual field to the periphery, so that colors that match when viewed as very small

Uganda, Central African Republic, Malawi, Namibia, and Zambia: Audio-Visual Field Recordings, 1966-1993, by Gerhard Kubik. videorecording. Vestapol Productions;

who have higher visual acuity than athletes in the S11 class and/or a visual field of less than 5 degrees radius.  Maksym Veraksa (UKR) (7-0-2)  Oxana Savchenko (RUS)

destroyed by a lesion damaging both the left visual field and the connection between the right visual field and the language areas (Broca's area and Wernicke's

autoimmune condition characterized by vision loss, blind spots, and visual field abnormalities. Autoimmune retinopathy can be divided into paraneoplastic

escalator which located near to Nathan Road, installed with LED lights Visual Field in LB Level of Shopping centre The mall has an approximately 600,000

typically worn on the head or on the chest and naturally approximates the visual field of the camera wearer. Consequently, visual data capture the part of the

include sensory changes if the sensory cortex is involved by the seizure, visual field defects if the occipital lobe is involved, and aphasia if speech, comprehension

and others used frames to pass information into the user browsers' visual field without refreshing a Web application's visual context, realizing real-time

"ghost image"). The two images are separated either laterally within the visual field or at different focal planes, as determined by the optical principles

optics. This afforded a more detailed view over a smaller region of the visual field. WFC and PC images are typically combined, producing the WFPC2's characteristic

No visual field is considered." USABA defines this classification as "from visual acuity above 20/200 and up to visual acuity of 20/70 and a visual field

disturbances [citation needed] Periodic flashes of light Periodic changes in visual field Visual snow Restricted or "tunnel vision" Visual, auditory, or other

informatic limitation expressed, for instance, in the boundary of your visual field." The title of Bakker's paper, A Blind Brain Theory for the Appearance

Garrett, Corbijn, Mark Farrow and Jean-Paul Goude. The label's work in the visual field was profiled by Tony Enoch in Design Week, who positioned ZTT as "from

hearing aids, or cochlear implants) or sight (signing within a restricted visual field, writing with large print) Tactile signing, sign language, or a manual

may be restricted to certain visuals areas, or may affect the entire visual field. It has been associated with meningioma tumors and bilateral lateral

ultimately concluded that "[the] Whorf hypothesis is supported in the right visual field but not the left". His findings show that accounting for brain lateralization

detection that uses vision to detect the presence of objects within its visual field. Rana is based on the open source motion package for Linux, but has significantly

muscles. Perhaps the most important finding is that a 2-dimensional visual field representation is sufficient for most purposes. Dissection showing origins

(15 February 1958). "Perceptual Stability of a Stroboscopically Lit Visual Field containing Self-Luminous Objects". Nature. 181 (4607): 507–508. Bibcode:1958Natur

corrected. (Nonetheless two Dove prisms can be employed to rotate the visual field in experimental settings.) For cyclodeviations above 5 degrees, surgery

guide saccadic eye movements to follow important moving objects in the visual field. In addition to following objects with the eyes, the IPS sends information

Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm or SITA, a test to determine visual field loss in eyes Search incident to arrest Sita, a 1976 book by Kate Millett

each cell type evenly across the retina, ensuring that all parts of the visual field have access to a full set of processing elements. MEGF10 and MEGF11 transmembrane

that had been studied in the left visual field, (encoded in the right hemisphere), but not in the right visual field. The P2 amplitude was bigger for words

hypothesizes on how the circular framing and spherical geometry of our visual field, which cause a distortion similar to a "fish-eye lens" or a "crystal

perception in either eye through to a visual acuity of 6/60 and/or a visual field of less than 20 degrees. H (1-5) – handcycle This class is for athletes

exclusive source. Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensations. Visual field defects (contralateral hemianopsia with macular sparing). Prosopagnosia

that there was somewhat stereoscopic vision, i.e., an overlap in the visual field of the animal. The surfaces of the premaxillae are rugose with the edges

visual field travels to the contralateral hemisphere. Therefore, with a commissurotomy patient, visual information presented in the left visual field

neglect may result – the inability to see stimuli on one half of the visual field. Anxiety and depression are also common symptoms. Studies have shown

largely due to the reflection of the flash by the tapetum. Cats have a visual field of view of 200° compared with 180° in humans, but a binocular field (overlap

associated mass effects include: Acromegaly Cushing's disease Hirsutism Visual field loss or double vision Excessive sweating Decreased libido Lethargy Headache

doi:10.1007/bf00661380. S2CID 572458. Seidl, R.; Kaiser, W. (1981). "Visual field size, binocular domain and the ommatidial array of the compound eyes

shorter wavelengths above violet, meaning cooler colors dominate the visual field in the photic zone. Light intensity decreases 10 fold with every 75 m

against the misleading view that colours are features of places in the visual field. Ludwig Wittgenstein, Remarks on Colour, Oxford: Blackwell, 1977, ed

(1989). Monocular geometry is selectively distorted in the central visual-field of strasbismic amblyopes. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

processed by each visual field could not be transmitted to the other hemisphere. In one experiment, Sperry flashed images in the right visual field (RVF), which

The hemispheric activation of the structure was dependent on which visual field the subject was focused on. Hemispheric-dependent gyrus activation has

a stationary object, or inappropriate color perception of the entire visual field. Tuber cinereum hamartoma may be associated with Pallister–Hall syndrome

all times. They also have an increased binocular vision and depth of visual field as a result of the cephalofoil. The shape of the head was previously

Logvinenko, A.D. (1974). Perception under the conditions of inversion of the visual field. Dissertation. Russia: MSU. pp. 5–67. Khotinskiy, D.A. (2017). "Vestibulo-ocular

Visual Impairment: Includes visual acuity of less than 6/60 vision or visual field less than 40 degrees with best corrective vision. One guide of the same

identified as a characteristic clinical sign of normal tension glaucoma. Visual field is very important to detect NTG. It shows a defect that typically appears

and the eyelids are monitored for resulting signs of improvement. A visual field test may be performed, which assesses the degree to which the ptosis

(20) / 2 + Ensemble Music (20) / 2 = 30.00 Field Percussion (20) / 2 Visual Field Visual (20) / 2 + Ensemble Visual (20) / 2 = 30.00 Color Guard (20) /

disorders such as: Macular degeneration – degeneration of the central visual field due to either cellular debris or blood vessels accumulating between the

mean the horizontal or vertical FOV. Including peripheral vision, the visual field of the average person is approximately 170–180 degrees. Console games

visual field (the scene)". It has been experimentally determined, for example, after mapping the angular position of some objects in the visual field

This study explains how visual information from the left side of the visual field is received by the right visual cortex and then transferred to the word

intracranial pressure are present in 91% of patients, with vomiting, homonymous visual field defects and headache being the most common symptoms. Other symptoms are

ophthalmologists and optometrists to co-manage binocular vision treatment, visual field loss management and accommodative therapy. They often do standard eye

to lower visual brain areas may be weaker or absent in the peripheral visual field, as suggested by some experimental data and theoretical arguments; nevertheless

moves independently from the other. However, when a prey enters the visual field of one of the eyes, they lock into place focused on the prey. Lysiosquillina

light that falls on it over all wavelengths. For each location in the visual field, the three types of cones yield three signals based on the extent to

opposite to head movement, thus preserving the image on the center of the visual field. For example, when the head moves to the right, the eyes move to the

participants, across five studies. No clear benefits in preventing loss of visual field were found for eyes treated with peripheral laser iridotomy. There was

visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color vision, motion detections and visual field. Assessment into this class by the IBSA involves the athlete filling

frequency is presented at a particular angle in a particular location in the visual field. (However, as noted by Teller (1984), it is probably not wise to treat

anemia, and a retinopathy characterized by yellow deposits and subsequent visual field defects. Infants and small children are especially prone to carotenoderma

here. Norman Bryson writes: Lemons, Oranges, Cup and a Rose shows a visual field so purified and so perfectly composed that the familiar objects seem

unlike most birds with this type of vision, the bill intrudes on their visual field. This allows them to see their own bill tip and aids in precision handling

unnoticed by the patient until the lids droop to the point of producing a visual field defect. Often, patients will tilt the head backwards to adjust for the

vessels that lead to or from the brain. DHCA is used to provide a better visual field during surgery due to the cessation of blood flow. DHCA is a form of

such as perspective, as well as angular size and movement within the visual field. Approach lighting systems provide additional cues that bear a known

Zihl J, Plasticity and rigidity in the representation of the human visual field. Experimental Brain Research, 1987, 68(2): 445-448. Pöppel E, Logothetis

retinal scarring. A scar in the central visual field would be more debilitating. Generally, a limited visual field defect, which will be barely noticeable

at the borderline between comfort and discomfort (BCD) in the whole visual field". Building & Environment. 44 (5): 1017–1023. Bibcode:2009BuEnv..44.1017K

laboratory studies. Typical symptoms include blurriness in the central visual field that affects only one eye, may be accompanied by pain upon eye movement

single stimulus in either side visual field if it is presented alone but are unaware of the same stimulus in the visual field opposed to the lesional side

exercise, exposure to extreme heat, or dehydration. Topiramate may cause visual field defects. Topiramate may decrease the effectiveness of oestrogen-containing

relative to body mass in all avian species, resulting in the smallest visual field as well. The eye has small specialisations for a nocturnal lifestyle

contour by aligning circles with wedge-shaped portions removed in the visual field such that the edges form a shape. Although not explicitly part of the

ischemia of the ipsilateral primary visual cortex and contralateral visual field deficits in both eyes (contralateral homonymous hemianopsia). Another

layer of video projection, designers have the ability to construct a visual field where their artwork is a living-breathing physical manifestation of their

evolutionary rationale for this effect is that it enhances edges in the visual field, thus facilitating the recognition of shapes and objects. Successive

on a scale of 0 to 1 and LA is the average luminance of the adapting visual field as a whole, measured in cd/m2. The achromatic response follows a kind

registered at CNIB, with 20/200 vision in the best eye with correction or a visual field of 20 degrees or less. The One Person, One Fare Policy has been in effect

synechiae) Most common: Floaters, which are dark spots that float in the visual field Blurred vision Intermediate uveitis usually affects one eye. Less common

A visual field defect is an unavoidable side effect, typically involving a homonymous hemianopia involving loss of the half of the visual field on the

uses its stereo cameras to estimate the distance of an object in its visual field, for example to detect threats—large, close objects with a lot of movement

illusion. Zambianchi, E; Vicario G B (1999). "Phenomenal identity in the visual field: the Ternus effect". Perception. 28 (Supplement). doi:10.1177/03010066990280S101

provide binocular vision over a field of 100° to the front and a total visual field of almost 360°. They may be the only part of an otherwise submerged frog

infantile nystagmus syndrome: foveation improvement over a broadened visual field". Journal of AAPOS. 10 (6): 552–60. doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2006.08.021

density and shape of the glass subtracts linear perspective from the visual field. In this respect, the ash-tray takes up part of the function of rapid

allochiria, objects situated on one side of the visual field are perceived in the contralateral visual field. In one of the two cases ever recorded, the visual

forming a cone, the vertex being within the eye, and the base defining the visual field. The rays were sensitive, and conveyed information back to the observer's

the perception of black varies so much, depending on context in the visual field, the perceiver's personal history and cultural usage, that it cannot

include aphasia or other difficulties with speech (35-43%), ataxia, visual field deficits, acute or subacute encephalopathy (which may progress to coma)

participant to be able to do this, he/she has to ignore cues in the visual field. If the participant adjusts the rod so that it is leaning in the direction

the sensor is moved in pixel dimensions, so that each point in the visual field is acquired consecutively by elements of the mask that are sensitive

— that is, before attention is drawn or directed to an object in the visual field. Their primary task is to individuate certain salient features in a scene

hemianopsia is expected to occur in most patients, where the entire visual field contralateral to the removed hemisphere is lost. There is a risk of motor

reducing the likelihood of complications such as optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Latanoprost is absorbed well through the cornea. As an ester prodrug

appearance of tiny bright dots moving rapidly along squiggly lines in the visual field. It is much more noticeable when viewed against a field of pure blue

and close and quite steep stadium seating. The effect is to fill the visual field to a greater degree than is possible with conventional wide-screen systems

brown. Woodcocks have large eyes located high in their heads, and their visual field is probably the largest of any bird, 360° in the horizontal plane and

universal trial goggles for subjective refraction, various perimeters for visual field testing and vision testing devices for testing eyesight. Electrical transformers

it obstructs the visual axis, and patients may note floaters in their visual field. Usually, this causes no permanent visual impairments, and sight is fully

unseres Gesichtskreises" [On the disappearance of given objects from our visual field]. Ophthalmologische Bibliothek (in German). 2 (2): 1–53. OCLC 491712012

processing in the brain. For example, when an object in the periphery of the visual field moves, and a person looks toward it many stages of signal processing

neuron is responsible for detecting horizontal motion across the entire visual field of the fly, allowing the fly to generate and guide stabilizing motor

pressure (glaucoma) and often irreparable optic nerve damage, leading to visual field loss and eventual blindness. As of November 2011, the Kennel Club has

systematic review found that DHA had no significant benefits in improving visual field in individuals with retinitis pigmentosa. Animal research shows effect

wearer's neck that looks like a space suit helmet. They offer a good visual field. Light weight plastic hoses provide oxygen to the helmet and remove exhaled

events. S12/SB12: swimmers who have moderate visual impairment and have a visual field of less than 5 degrees radius. They are required to wear blackened goggles

conscious, the patient showed signs of hemiparesis and deficit in right visual field. However, the patient was still able to speak with no sign of disturbance

large, with eyes positioned high and laterally in the skull, so the visual field of parrots is unlike any other birds. Without turning its head, a parrot

two components combined give the ability to have a larger perceived visual field, which coincides with the hypothesis that this is an adaptive function

intraocular pressure lowering treatment slowed down the progression of visual field loss. Fotil is a combination drug consisting of: Pilocarpine, a parasympathomimetic

blindsight occurring when there is degraded vision resulting in part of the visual field not consciously being experienced, but some reliable perception does

in degrees (e.g., 74°) or as a percentage indicating how much of the visual field of each eye is common to the other eye. Accommodation support – HMDs

1985;26(8):1105-1108. Phelps CD, Hayreh SS, Montague PR. Comparison of visual field defects in the low-tension glaucomas with those in the high-tension glaucomas

one case of COVID-19 infection. Visual field abnormalities are variable and include generalized depression of visual field, paracentral or peripheral scotoma

foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels." Ann Hornaday for The Washington

category is for swimmers who have moderate visual impairment and have a visual field of less than 5 degrees radius. They are required to wear blackened goggles

Game Gear because of its labyrinth-like levels paired with its small visual field. Hardcore Gaming 101 agreed with the game's reputation for difficulty

neuritis by identifying the presence and degree of visual acuity loss, visual field loss, color vision deficits, and an afferent pupillary defect in the

category is for swimmers who have moderate visual impairment and have a visual field of less than 5 degrees radius. They are required to wear blackened goggles

categories affect categorical perception primarily in the right visual field. The right visual field is controlled by the left hemisphere of the brain, which

fovea can be found within the macula and is known as the center of the visual field. Maculopathy in sickle cell retinopathy is due to long term changes of

category is for swimmers who have moderate visual impairment and have a visual field of less than 5 degrees radius. They are required to wear blackened goggles

uveitis persists. Functional tests may include electroretinogram and visual field testing. Diagnostic confirmation and an estimation of disease severity

opposite to head movements, thus preserving the image on the centre of the visual field. For example, when the head moves to the right, the eyes move to the

post-operative pain and speed up recovery times, while maintaining an enhanced visual field for surgeons. Due to improved patient outcomes in the early 21st century

(double vision) Problems with balance and spatial orientation or dizziness Visual field deficits, such as homonymous hemianopsia or monocular blindness Sensory

processed by their left hemisphere which controls the right side of the visual field. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kinetic depth effect. Depth perception

impairment such as nystagmus then this can also affect which part(s) of the visual field are best. (Sometimes there exists a certain gaze direction which minimises

With eyes located on the sides of the head, the giraffe has a broad visual field from its great height.: 85, 102  Compared to other ungulates, giraffe

gland at the base of the brain) is often accompanied by double vision or visual field defects, since the pituitary gland is right next to the optic chiasm

system for photography; 31, 32 – Pair of regions; 70 – Window; 71 – Visual field mask; 72 – Condenser lens; 73, 74 – Pair of apertures; 75 – Aperture

ommatidia, or single optical unit, has its own unique visual field that spans about 2°. The small visual field can be due to crystalline tracts in the eye that

of gravity of brightness" of the object is moved to the middle of the visual field. This then effectively converts each object into a canonical representation

similar to ketamine and phencyclidine. It may produce distortions of the visual field, feelings of dissociation, distorted bodily perception, excitement, and

color scheme's reflectance of UV light to create a color contrast in the visual field of the bees that attracts the bees. The Australian crab spider is mostly

blindness. Pressure on the optic nerve behind the globe can lead to visual field defects and vision loss, as well. Prolonged untreated hyperthyroidism

guide saccadic eye movements to follow important moving objects in the visual field. In addition to following objects with the eyes, the IPS sends information

(1996). "Use of bifemelane hydrochloride in improving and maintaining the visual field of patients with glaucoma". Clinical Therapeutics. 18 (1): 106–13. doi:10

or false perceptions of people or movement occurring outside of one's visual field, frequently occur in neurocognitive disorders, such as Parkinson's disease

the human visual perception system to recognize patterns in a complex visual field, which is necessary for common tasks such as object recognition. A thematic

Belongs to the Earth. Because the screen covered the viewer's total visual field when looking directly forward, most felt a sensation of motion and some

may not be noticed if there are slight obstructions in an individual's visual field. Previously, it has been stated that humans hold a very good internal

true cortical signs (aphasia, visuospatial neglect, gaze deviation, and visual field defects) are always absent in lacunar strokes. The classic syndromes

concentrated in a concentric area rather than in a horizontal streak across the visual field; this may help to focus on prey in front of the shark. This shark has

involve the loss of a hemifield (either the upper or lower half of the visual field, but not both). A few cases of NAION involve near-total loss of vision

to better see objects in the left visual field and turning the head to the left to see those in the right visual field. Binasal occlusion can be used to

above the muzzle, which would give it overlapping fields of view. Its visual field would have been at or close to 360 degrees, and hypersensitivity of movement

through the eyelid. You will see a visual spot toward the inside of your visual field, near your nose.) All stimuli received by the receptors are transduced

the mantids on the upper end of spatial resolution. The overlap of the visual field of the two eyes is 40° in nymphs and up to 70° in adults. The pseudopupil

hall's far end is described as the central axis of the building's main visual field. Plans for an organic restaurant by architects Gilles & Boissier include

more or less the same in all Papilionidae. Once a female enters the visual field of a male, the male moves quickly to hover over her so that his wings

to notice specific characteristics or implications of what is in the visual field. A number of troponyms exist to illustrate kinds of looking that are

they are not, or not tilted when they are. When a large part of the visual field moves, viewers feel like they have moved and that the world is stationary

precise location of the prey's head. Although little is known about its visual field, it is assumed that it is large, frontal and binocular. Secretarybirds

This is because, if there had been feedback from higher areas of the visual field, the early circuits would have “inherited” dichoptic masking from the

In the tactical environment, where targets aren't moving across the visual field as quickly, sights do have a role. For many, a fiberoptic front sight

Philip R. K.; Dakin, Steven C. (2020-02-21). "The Effect of Simulated Visual Field Loss on Optokinetic Nystagmus". Translational Vision Science & Technology

steps taken and also by evaluating the movement of objects in their visual field (optical flow). Directions are measured using the position of the sun

category is for swimmers who have moderate visual impairment and have a visual field of less than 5 degrees radius. They are required to wear blackened goggles

distinguishes between movements of the eyes and movements of objects in the visual field, both of which produce changes in luminance on points on the retina.

category is for swimmers who have moderate visual impairment and have a visual field of less than 5 degrees radius. They are required to wear blackened goggles

spontaneous formation of complex flowing geometric visual patterning in the visual field. When the eyes are open, the visual alteration is overlaid onto the objects

acuity and visual field within the first few years. After four years, patients in both groups were similar in visual acuity and visual field. Few patients

University Press. Balliet, R., Blood, K. M., & Bach-y-Rita, P. (1985). Visual field rehabilitation in the cortically blind? : Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery

negligible; further, the moon will always be in the upper part of the visual field or on the horizon. When a moth encounters a much closer artificial light

aligned with the most probable uncrossed disparity in that part of the visual field. On the other way around, when making a downward saccade, the eyes converged

yaw. It is crucial that the yaw be countered to effect recovery. The visual field in a typical spin (as opposed to a flat spin) is heavily dominated by

straight away. Cyclovergence can also be evoked by cyclodisparity of the visual field; the cyclodisparity can be introduced by dove prisms. Here, use is made

galaxy respectively close enough to each other to be seen in the same visual field through a telescope. Abell 2142 is a huge (six million light-year diameter)

limbs, and the right visual cortex receives information from the left visual field. The organization of sensory maps in the cortex reflects that of the

Predominant factors correlated with CBS are a decrease of visual acuity, visual field loss, and elderly age. While characteristic features of visual hallucinations

in Bradford taking Music Effect, Music Analysis, Field Wind, Field Visual, Field Percussion and Colour Guard captions. The Trinity School Show Band ceased

focuses on an object may be due to detected discontinuities in their visual field, or the flow of events, with which the infant has become familiar. Margaret

to be the cause of peculiar "shooting stars" (phosphenes) seen in the visual field of astronauts, an effect termed cosmic ray visual phenomena. Passing

Beaux-Arts' Section VII: Artistic creation in the cinema and the audio-visual field, Seat#4, on 23 March 1988, replacing Guillaume Gillet. He was president

AION often shows a characteristic altitudinal defect on a Humphrey Visual Field test.[citation needed] The American College of Rheumatology has defined

influences perceptions of causality, such that a person who engulfs your visual field is seen as more impactful in a situation...imagining actions from the

relative to other tryptamines. Subjects reported enhancement of the visual field (brightened and modulated color perception) but a lack of visual distortion

color and orientation, are registered early and in parallel across the visual field. These features are represented by separate maps that are later integrated

whole. Similarly, two flocks of birds can cross each other in a viewer's visual field, but they will nonetheless continue to be experienced as separate flocks

sea. The lateral position of the eyes in the head allows a cyclopean visual field of 360° in the vertical plane and between 308° and 338° in the horizontal

points of visual information are integrated to generate the spider's visual field. Vision plays an important role in the spider's substrate color matching

"Stage II Chronic Maxillary Atelectasis Associated with Subclinical Visual Field Defect". International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology. 17 (4): 409–412

category is for swimmers who have moderate visual impairment and have a visual field of less than 5 degrees radius. They are required to wear blackened goggles

functioning. Arousal in women has been shown to be slowed in the left visual field due to depression, indicating the influence of the right hemisphere.

R, Semeraro F (September 2014). "Effect of palmitoylethanolamide on visual field damage progression in normal tension glaucoma patients: results of an

face. Because peripheral vision is not as focused as the center of the visual field, signs articulated near the face allow for more subtle differences in

blurred vision to severe loss of the center of an affected person's visual field. Left untreated, around 30% of those with such swelling experience vision

Polarized light creates a very faint pattern near the center of the visual field, called Haidinger's brush. This pattern is very difficult to see, but

similar to the Brion Gysin dreamachine in that both produce a flickering visual field. Unlike flashing light devices, the dreamachine can be used by several

low visual acuity and high retinal summation. Lemurs can see a wider visual field, however, than anthropoid primates due to a slight difference in the

an object with "their" special disparity lies within the part of the visual field to which they have access (receptive field). Researchers investigating

dosage dependent. Bilateral optic disc swelling and mild and reversible visual field defects can also occur. Loss of eyelashes has been linked to amiodarone

about basic features (colors, shape, movement) that are found in the visual field. The idea that features are automatically separated appears counterintuitive

registered early, automatically, and are coded rapidly in parallel across the visual field using pre-attentive processes. Experiments show that these features include

category is for swimmers who have moderate visual impairment and have a visual field of less than 5 degrees radius. They are required to wear blackened goggles

combination not only works separately, but to offer a completely new visual field that fills the viewer (TATE) There is a strong relationship between scarce

(20) / 2 + Ensemble Music (20) / 2 = 30.00 Field Percussion (20) / 2 Visual Field Visual (20) / 2 + Ensemble Visual (20) / 2 = 30.00 Color Guard (20) /

Retrieved 23 April 2013. Allman JM, Kaas JH (1971) A representation of the visual field in the caudal third of the middle temporal gyrus of the owl monkey (Aotus

human retinal ganglion cell receptive field density as a function of visual field location" (PDF). Journal of Vision. 14 (7): 15. doi:10.1167/14.7.15.

silent hemisphere from reaching the talking hemisphere. Since the left visual field is processed in the right hemisphere, a person with a commissurotomy

phosphenes into coherent vision. Phosphenes are spread out across the visual field in what researchers call the starry-night effect. Immediately after his

formed a cone, the vertex being within the eye, and the base defining the visual field. The rays were sensitive, and conveyed information back to the observer's

to person. If a person has complete achromatopsia, then their entire visual field is devoid of colour. A person with dyschromatopsia, or incomplete achromatopsia

background lights behind the Cessna and the decrease in the Cessna pilots' visual field resulting from the aircraft's wing while turning". 9 January 1975: 150H

who demonstrated that subjects who were presented with a homogeneous visual field would experience perceptual distortions that could rise to the level

analogy of a hologram is the way sunlight illuminates objects in the visual field of an observer. It doesn't matter how narrow the beam of sunlight is

(primarily synthesizing afferent fibers concerned with our peripheral visual field) is comprised by a majority of binocular cells that have "elongated receptive

Furthermore, the light seems to change colour as it moves across the visual field. A green light will appear to turn red as it seems to move across to

laboratory has worked to develop methods for identifying and measuring visual field maps in visual cortex. Recently, he and members of the laboratory have

129, 314-322 Quigley, H.A. (1998). Identification of glaucoma-related visual field abnormality with the screening protocol of frequency doubling technology

feature of the Takayasu's arteritis is ocular involvement in form of visual field defects, vision loss, or retinal hemorrhage. Some individuals with Takayasu's

environments to mate and spawn. Jaekelopterus had a frontally overlapping visual field, i.e. stereoscopic vision, typical of predatory animals. Structurally

of wiping out a military tank with ease. Daleks have a very limited visual field, with no peripheral sight at all, and are relatively easy to hide from

eyes respond to light rays, there is no reason for supposing that the visual field requires eyes to see it. Visual sensation (the argument can be extrapolated

spontaneous formation of complex flowing geometric visual patterning in the visual field. When the eyes are open, the visual alteration is overlaid onto the objects

Sometimes it simply is not possible to keep all the relevant players in the visual field at once. There have been some proposals for automated enforcement of

who live in the present. Our life has no end in the way in which our visual field has no limits. — Wittgenstein, Tractatus, 6.431 Wittgenstein resigned

system for quantitative evaluation of infant gaze capabilities in a wide visual field. BioMed Eng OnLine 14, 83 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-015-0076-7

which makes it more difficult, such as performing it outside of the visual field or without using the hands. The base elements differ somewhat by apparatus

cerebellum, and still others may develop visual loss (on one side of the visual field) due to involvement of the visual cortex in the occipital lobe. In the

and psychasthenias. Hysterias induced such symptoms as anaesthesia, visual field narrowing, paralyses, and unconscious acts. Psychasthenias involved the

blindness (nyctalopia); peripheral vision is gradually lost, restricting the visual field (tunnel vision), which generally progresses to complete blindness. The