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Surface-wave magnitude (929 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The surface wave magnitude ( M s {\displaystyle M_{s}} ) scale is one of the magnitude scales used in seismology to describe the size of an earthquake

case of predicting wind wave statistics on the ocean, the term ocean surface wave model is used. Other applications, in particular coastal engineering

In fluid dynamics, the wave height of a surface wave is the difference between the elevations of a crest and a neighboring trough. Wave height is a term

lowercase "l", either Ml, or Ml. (Not to be confused with the Russian surface-wave MLH scale.) Whether the values are comparable depends on whether the

earthquake occurred on April 4 at 8:58 pm Philippine Standard Time, with a surface-wave magnitude of 5.5 off the coast of Batangas. According to the PHIVOLCS

occurred on 24 January at 5:13 a.m. CST, in Sichuan, China. Registering a surface-wave magnitude of 6.8, the earthquake killed about 150 people and injured

February 2 off the coast of Attu Island, Alaska. The earthquake had a surface-wave magnitude of 7.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). It

October 2 in north-central Nevada. With a moment magnitude of 6.8, a surface wave magnitude of 7.7, and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), it

administered as part of Inner Mongolia, China. The earthquake had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent) on the

earthquakes (typically M > 4), replacing the local magnitude (ML ) and surface-wave magnitude (Ms ) scales. Subtypes of the moment magnitude scale (Mww 

at 14:42 UTC on 16 March. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.0 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of at least IX (Violent)

occurred at 8:33am on 26 May, in Turkey. The earthquake had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 7.1 and a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent) on the

The 1976 Papua earthquake occurred on 26 June with a surface-wave magnitude of 7.1 in Yahukimo Regency near the border with Pegunungan Bintang Regency

Turkey occurred at 16:03 local time on 20 December. It had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 7.0 and a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent) on the

PDT on August 21. The earthquake had a moment magnitude of 8.0 and a surface-wave magnitude of 8.1. The maximum Mercalli Intensity in the event was VIII

(02:04:07 UTC) on 25 December. With an estimated magnitude of 7.6 on the surface-wave magnitude scale, and a maximum felt intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli

time on 20 June in Sakarya Province, Turkey. It registered 6.6 on the surface-wave magnitude scale with a maximum intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli

located near Townsend. The earthquake had a magnitude of 6.9 in the surface-wave magnitude scale. A maximum intensity of IX (Violent) was observed. Serious

of the Russian Empire). It had an estimated magnitude of 7.4 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and a maximum felt intensity of about IX (Violent) on

(23:11 on 20 January UTC). It had an estimated magnitude of 6.6 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and had a maximum perceived intensity of IX (Violent)

plate boundary. It created a tsunami disproportionately large for its surface-wave magnitude. Nicaragua lies above the convergent boundary where the Cocos

00:08 UTC on 23 July, chiefly in an area known as Irpinia. It had a surface-wave magnitude of 6.6 and a maximum intensity of X (Very destructive). The

local time (22:07 UTC) on 4 October. It was estimated to be 7.0 on the surface-wave magnitude scale with a maximum intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli

Çanakkale and Balıkesir in the Marmara Region at western Turkey. It had a surface-wave magnitude of 7.5 and a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent) on the

September in Pasinler, Erzurum, Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. It had a surface-wave magnitude of 6.8 and reached a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent)

Prefecture, Sichuan. The earthquake had a moment magnitude of 7.0 and a surface wave magnitude of 7.1 and struck at a depth of 10 km. Severe damage occurred

earthquake occurred at 23:53 local time on 10 September. It had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 5.9 and a maximum intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli

Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. The mainshock had a surface wave magnitude of 7.0 Ms  and a moment magnitude of 6.5 Mw . It was presaged

Montana, with an epicenter near Helena. It had a magnitude of 6.2 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (Severe) on

occurred at 10:23 local time, with an estimated magnitude of 6.7 on the surface-wave magnitude scale with an intensity of IX (Violent) on the Modified Mercalli

that was measured at 7.0 on the moment magnitude scale and 7.1 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. It had a maximum perceived intensity of IX (Violent)

1979 Bali earthquake occurred at 03:58 local time on 18 December with a surface-wave magnitude of 6.3. The shock occurred southeast of the coast of Karangasem

Lingqiu County, Shanxi Province during the Ming dynasty. The estimated surface wave magnitude (Ms ) 7.0 earthquake caused many buildings to collapse. Over

earthquake hit northwestern Turkey on 5 July 1983. It measured 6.1 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and was felt as far away as eastern Greece. The United

epicentre close to Simeulue, off Sumatra. An earlier study re-estimated a surface-wave magnitude (Ms) of 7.5 to 8.0. It triggered a widespread and damaging

the North Anatolian Fault since 1939. It had a magnitude of 6.9 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli

local time on 8 May at Nagano, Japan. It had a magnitude of 7.4 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. It caused the destruction of many houses in Nagano and

(15:06 UTC) on 17 November. It had an estimated magnitude of 6.6 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of IX (Violent) on

earthquake occurred at 12:59 local time on 19 April. It had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 6.7 and a maximum intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli

earthquake struck the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The shock had a surface wave magnitude of 6.5 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), killing

May 18. Occurring at a shallow depth within the continental crust, the surface-wave magnitude 7.8 earthquake had a maximum intensity of XI on the China seismic

District of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen. The earthquake had a surface-wave magnitude of 5.8–6.5 and a shallow focal depth. Despite the moderate

local time (17:22 UTC) on July 28. It had a magnitude of 7.1 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of IX (Violent) on

District of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen. The earthquake had a surface-wave magnitude of 5.8–6.5 and a shallow focal depth. Despite the moderate

Shamakhi, Azerbaijan (then part of Safavid Iran). It had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 6.9 and a maximum felt intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli

County, Gansu Province, Qing dynasty, present-day China. The estimated surface wave magnitude (Ms ) 7.5 earthquake was designated a maximum Modified Mercalli

on January 14 at 18:50 MST. It registered a magnitude of 8.0 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and had a maximum perceived intensity of X (Extreme)

UTC. It measured 8.0–8.3 on the moment magnitude scale and 8.3 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. The epicenter of this earthquake is located in Manas

Pradesh, in India on 4 April 1905. The earthquake measured 7.8 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and killed more than 20,000 people. Apart from this,

Amsterdam, and to the south in the Canary Islands of Spain. The estimated surface-wave magnitude 8.5 event was the largest in the region, and the most significant

along the border area of Soviet Armenia and eastern Turkey. It had a surface-wave magnitude of 6.0 and a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent) on the

(08:30 UTC) on 17 January. It had an estimated magnitude of 6.8 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (Severe) on

measured 6.7 Mw on the moment magnitude scale, and 6.9–7.0 Ms on the surface-wave magnitude scale. Between 84 and possibly even 100 people were killed

Republic of Georgia on 20 February at 15:45 local time. The shock had a surface-wave magnitude of 6.2 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of IX (Violent). Heavy

The 1948 Ashgabat earthquake was on 6 October with a surface-wave magnitude of 7.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), in Turkmenistan near

Yingjiang earthquakes were a series of major earthquakes ranging from surface-wave magnitude (Ms) 4.1 to 5.9 that struck Yingjiang County, Yunnan province

Taiwan's recorded history, claiming around 1,260 lives. The shock had a surface-wave magnitude of 6.8 and a Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The earthquake

energy of an earthquake, superseded by Moment scale Surface-wave magnitude, based on Rayleigh surface wave measurement through heat conduction Seismic intensity

vents about every two hours. Occasionally there will be vibrations, surface wave motion, and thumping; these effects are caused by collapsing gas and

in Kutch, Gujarat, India. It had an estimated magnitude of 6.1 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of IX on the Mercalli

Tajikistan, then part of the Russian Empire. The shock had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 7.4 and a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent) on the

Indonesia, on 25 June at 04:54 WIB. The earthquake had an estimated surface-wave magnitude (Ms ) of 7.5–7.7 and occurred at a shallow depth of 20 km (12 mi)

time on December 16. It had an estimated magnitude of 8.5 of on the surface-wave magnitude scale and an estimated magnitude of 9.0+ on the Moment magnitude

junction of two or more sticks. The threads represented prevailing ocean surface wave-crests and directions they took as they approached islands and met other

June. The epicentre was offshore of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. It had a surface-wave magnitude of 7.7, JMA magnitude 7.4, and triggered a small tsunami. The

around 14,000 buildings. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.0 on the surface wave magnitude scale and reached a maximum intensity of XI (Extreme) on the

time on 9 May (0:59 on 10 May UTC). It had a magnitude of 8.5 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. Other estimates of its magnitude have been as high as

different magnitude scales with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.6 and a surface-wave magnitude of 7.8. Following the event, telegraphy reports came in from

Antioch on 13 December 115 AD. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.5 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and an estimated maximum intensity of XI (Extreme) on

UTC, near Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico. It had a magnitude of 7.3 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. Thirty four people were reported dead. Damage was reported

Xichang county had an estimated moment magnitude of 7.3–7.9 Mw  and a surface wave magnitude of 7.5–7.7 Ms . An estimated 20,650 people died. Sichuan is

during the early morning hours of November 29, 1114. It had an estimated surface-wave magnitude between 7.4 and 7.7 and an epicenter location in modern-day

On June 1, 2022, a moment magnitude (Mw ) 5.8 or surface-wave magnitude (Ms ) 6.1 earthquake struck Lushan County in Ya'an, Sichuan Province, China. At

present-day East Azerbaijan province, Iran. The earthquake had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 6.8 and an epicenter between Lake Urmia and the city of

standing wave pattern, caused for example, by the reflection of a traveling surface wave train from a near vertical shoreline like a breakwater, seawall or steep

earthquake and its damaging aftershocks. Earthquake catalogs place the surface-wave magnitude at Ms  7.4 and maximum Modified Mercalli intensity scale assigned

Chillán earthquake occurred in south-central Chile on 24 January with a surface-wave magnitude of 8.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). With

Geological Survey, the earthquake had a moment magnitude of 6.0 and a surface-wave magnitude of 6.4 according to the China Earthquake Network Center. It

The 1902 Andijan earthquake occurred on December 16 with a surface-wave magnitude of 6.4 and a maximum perceived Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The

of nowadays Muş Province in eastern Turkey on 28 April. Registering a surface-wave magnitude of 7.0, the earthquake originated from a highly active seismic

22:00. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 7.2 ± 0.3 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. A tsunami and 45 days of aftershocks followed the earthquake

Cariaco Basin. It had an estimated moment magnitude of 7.6–7.7 and a surface-wave magnitude of 7.7–8.4. It had a maximum Mercalli intensity assigned VIII–X

earthquake that occurred at 18:44:02 local time on 22 May. It had a surface-wave magnitude of 6.9 and a maximum intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli

Provence earthquake occurred on June 11 in Provence. Measuring 6.2 on the surface-wave magnitude scale, it is the largest ever recorded earthquake in metropolitan

province, China on August 30 at 16:30:50.5 China Standard Time with a surface-wave magnitude of 6.1, or 6.0 Mw. It is also cited as the Renhe-Huili earthquake

of 10 September, at 06:05 EET. It had a magnitude of Ms  6.5 on the surface-wave magnitude scale, and had a maximum intensity of X (Extreme) on the Modified

(local time) (08:02 UTC) of 19 January. It had a magnitude of 6.8 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of IX (Violent) on

struck the coastal regions of Ecuador and Colombia on January 19 with a surface-wave magnitude of 7.6 at 9:07 local time. Approximately 30 percent of Esmeraldas

1976 Bali earthquake occurred at 15:13 local time on 14 July with a surface-wave magnitude of 6.5. The shock occurred 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the

August near Toluk in the border area of Kyrgyzstan. The shock had a surface-wave magnitude of 7.5 and a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent) on the

in Shan State. The earthquake was initially calculated at 8.0 on the surface-wave magnitude scale (Ms ) by Beno Gutenberg and Charles Francis Richter,

earthquakes were originally given estimated magnitudes of 8.6 and 8.7 on the surface-wave magnitude scale by Charles Richter, but these were revised downwards

ML , to distinguish it from two other scales they had developed, the surface-wave magnitude (MS) and body wave magnitude (MB) scales. The Richter scale

Andes mountains of central Peru on November 10 at 12:43 PET. It had a surface-wave magnitude of 7.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). The

The earthquake measured 5.9 on the moment magnitude scale and 6 on the surface wave scale, killing seven people and injuring up to 45. Causing both catastrophic

in the early hours of September 16 at 04:33 China Standard Time. The surface-wave magnitude (Ms ) 6.0 or moment magnitude (Mw ) 5.4 earthquake struck at

Prefecture) in the Nōbi Plain in the early morning of October 28 with a surface-wave magnitude of 8.0 and moment magnitude of 7.5. The event, also referred

May 4 at 19:15 local time with a moment magnitude of 8.0–8.3, and a surface wave magnitude of 8.25. The epicenter was near the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian

districts of northern Pakistan at 12:11 UTC on 28 December 1974. The 6.2 surface-wave magnitude quake had a shallow focal depth of 22 km and was followed by

and had ratings of 7.7 on the moment magnitude scale and 7.9 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. The epicenter was located off the southern coast of

earthquake had a moment magnitude of 7.1, a local magnitude of 6.7, a surface-wave magnitude of 7.4 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Exreme). It occurred

the mountainous region of Shan State. It registered 7.3 on the Chinese surface-wave magnitude scale (Ms ) and 6.8 on the moment magnitude scale (Mw ). With

22 May 1766. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 7.1 on the surface-wave magnitude scale, and caused effects in a vast area extending from Izmit

05:07 local time in the Mexican state of Guerrero. The earthquake had a surface-wave magnitude of Ms  7.6 or moment magnitude of Mw  7.4 and maximum Modified

Ungava Peninsula in northern Quebec. It had a magnitude of 6.3 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and 6.2–6.5 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum

The magnitude of the earthquake was Ms  6.75 by using the conventional surface-wave magnitude measurement within a shorter duration of ~20 s. However, there

Valparaíso, Chile on November 19, 1822. The earthquake has an estimated surface wave magnitude of 8.5. It triggered a moderate tsunami measuring up to 12 ft

earthquake occurred on February 10, 2017, at 10:03 PM (PST), with a surface-wave magnitude of 6.7 off the coast of Surigao del Norte in the Philippines

powerful earthquake recorded in Argentina, with magnitude 7.5 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. Its epicenter was located to the northwest of San Juan

densely populated island of Luzon in the Philippines. The shock had a surface-wave magnitude of 7.8 and produced a 125 km-long ground rupture that stretched

neglected. From "wind shear forces": In 1957, John W. Miles suggested a surface wave generation mechanism that is initiated by turbulent wind shear flows

region of Bulgaria. The pair of earthquakes measured 6.9 and 7.2 on the surface wave magnitude scale, and were assigned the respective Modified Mercalli intensity

(42 ft). This event shows the classic signs of a tsunami earthquake as the surface-wave magnitude was very low compared to the moment and tsunami magnitudes

border. The first mainshock, known as the Korizan earthquake with a surface-wave magnitude (Ms ) of 6.6 and moment magnitude (Mw ) of 6.8, struck on November

British Indian Ocean Territory. This earthquake had a moment magnitude and surface-wave magnitude of 7.7. This earthquake occurred in the Indian plate near the

a fully developed sea results.[citation needed] Gale Sea state Ocean surface wave Storm surge Groen, P.; Dorrestein, R. (1976). "Sea Waves". Knmi Publicatie

This undersea earthquake struck offshore in the Pacific Ocean and had a surface wave magnitude of 7.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong)

thrown down to the ground. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.5 on the surface wave magnitude scale and an estimated maximum intensity of XI (Extreme) on

Kamchatka Peninsula in the USSR, present-day Russia. The earthquake had a surface-wave magnitude (Ms ) of 6.8–7.3 and an estimated moment magnitude (Mw ) of

radars and EW systems around the world. Rotman invented many types of surface wave antennas, including the trough waveguide, the channel waveguide, and

migrate against the current. When the surface wave above them becomes unstable and breaks (when the surface wave amplitude reaches 1/7 its wavelength)

A. (March 1977). "The July 9 and 23, 1905, Mongolian earthquakes: A surface wave investigation". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 34 (2): 326–331

medieval annals of Georgia. Its magnitude is estimated as 6.5 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. The Tmogvi earthquake was one of the largest recorded

22 May at 02:04 local time. The earthquake had a moment magnitude and surface-wave magnitude of 7.4. Highway bridges, roads and walls collapsed as a result

Sources of noise on a seismic record. Top-left: air wave; top-right: head wave; bottom-left: surface wave; bottom-right: multiple.

northern Honshū (Latitude: 39.900/Longitude: 139.900), 6.6 magnitude on the Surface wave magnitude scale....Click link for NOAA/Japan: Significant Earthquake

fitted with fins, to assist in control on moving surf waves. (See: Ocean surface wave, Whitewater) Sea kayaks, generally used for day-trip or expedition kayaking

earthquake doublet occurs to the north of the Sea of Galilee, with a surface wave magnitude of 6.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII–IX (Severe–Violent)

affected by storm waves and Lower offshore a zone not disturbed by any surface wave. (e.g. ) Upper shoreface — above wave base Lower shoreface — below wave

cell's apical pole, one of which is recurrent - that is, it runs along a surface wave, giving the aspect of an undulating membrane. Like other parabasalids

Many Mw = moment magnitude scale, Mb = body wave magnitude, and Ms = surface-wave magnitude. The inclusion criteria for adding events are based on WikiProject

original on 2016-04-25. Retrieved 2008-09-14. William L. Ellsworth (1991). "Surface-Wave Magnitude (Ms) and Body-Wave Magnitude (mb)". United States Geological

an undersea volcano grows high enough to be near or breach the ocean surface, wave action or coral reef growth tend to create a flat-topped edifice. However

A. (March 1977). "The July 9 and 23, 1905, Mongolian earthquakes: A surface wave investigation". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 34 (2): 326–331

Seionaikai (Latitude: 34.600/Longitude 135.400), 6.7 magnitude on the Surface wave magnitude scale (Ms ). October 10, 1510 (Eishō 7, 8th day of the 9th

the ocean when those break at the shore. (see more explains -> “Ocean surface wave breaking”) 2) dissipation by "wave–turbulence interaction" The turbulent

Millisecond (ms), and megasecond (Ms), multiples of the unit of time second Surface-wave magnitude (Ms), a seismic scale Solar mass (MS), an alternate symbol

the propagation wave number of an electromagnetic axially symmetric surface wave (a low-attenuation single TM01 mode) propagating in a cylindrical metallic

on the Richter scale (ML) or the moment magnitude scale (Mw), or the surface wave magnitude scale (Ms) for very old earthquakes. The present list is not

romanized: Spitaki yerkrasharzh), occurred on December 7 at 11:41 local time with a surface-wave magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum MSK intensity of X (Devastating). The

methods include helicon plasma sources, inductively coupled plasmas, and surface-wave-sustained discharges. Electrodeless high-frequency discharges (HF) have

northwest of the town of Ruatoria, with a moment magnitude of 6.6 and a surface-wave magnitude of 6.7. The shaking is estimated to have lasted for approximately

operated underwater vehicles. Some ADCPs can be configured to measure surface wave height and direction. The wave height is estimated with a vertical beam

Mw  V N/A N/A Damage unknown Mw  = moment magnitude scale and Ms  = surface-wave magnitude. The inclusion criteria for adding events are based on WikiProject

innovative radar designs like the Podsolnukh-E over-the-horizon (OTH) surface-wave radar and the 29B6 Konteyner. The latter, while also being an OTH-radar

(35°06′00″N 139°30′00″E / 35.100°N 139.500°E / 35.100; 139.500), 7.1 on the Surface-wave magnitude scale (Ms ). July 9, 1498 (Meiō 7, 20th day of the 6th month):

Caracas 6.5 200 Severe damage Note: Mw  = moment magnitude scale, Ms  = surface-wave magnitude. Only damaging, injurious, or deadly events should be recorded

E. (15 May 2008). "Lithospheric Thickness Modeled from Long Period Surface Wave Dispersion" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-04-25. Barrell, J. (1914). "The strength

decays exponentially with increasing distance from the surface. The surface wave is modified by the topography of the sample, which is placed on the surface

ship or boat moving through water, whose slow surface wave speed is easily exceeded (see ocean surface wave). These shocks appear as attached to the tip

magnets, shear horizontal (SH) bulk wave mode (norm-beam or angle-beam), surface wave, plate waves such as SH and Lamb waves, and all sorts of other bulk and

Edinburgh Napier University. He contributed to many academic papers, such as Surface Wave Transducers and Microwave magnetostatics In the 1970s and 80s working

(SAR) L-band, HH polarization, fixed look angle to monitor the global surface wave field and polar sea ice conditions {the antenna is the light parallelogram

reliable published values of seismic moment or from recalculated values of surface wave or body wave magnitude, converted to Mw using empirical relationships

concentrated on developing methods to focus seismic models derived from surface wave dispersion information to tectonic scales, particularly in the US and

variously calculated as 7.7 on the moment magnitude scale and 8.0–8.3 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. The earthquake was the result of thrust and strike-slip

retrieved July 21, 2011 Noguchi S. (1979). "On the Relation between Surface-Wave Magnitude and JMA Magnitude" (PDF). Journal of the Faculty of Science

Liebmann Memorial Award "for contributions to the development of acoustic surface wave devices" and the 1981 Achievement Award of the IEEE Group on Sonics and

active strike-slip faulting occurs. The earthquake measured 6.1 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. It was the first of two earthquakes in the same area

E. (January 2010). "Lithospheric thickness modeled from long-period surface wave dispersion". Tectonophysics. 481 (1–4): 38–50. Bibcode:2010Tectp.481

Second World War. Sugar Tree was a "covert hitchhiker using Soviet, surface-wave HF radio broadcast signals and a remote sky-wave receiver to detect Soviet

March 1969 the island was the site of an earthquake measuring 6.6 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. The earthquake caused some damage including numerous

(UTC-5). The earthquake measured a magnitude between 7.9 and 8.3 on the surface-wave magnitude scale, making it the largest earthquake recorded in Panamanian

Crosshole method Downhole method (with a seismic CPT or a substitute device) Surface wave reflection or refraction Suspension logging (also known as P-S logging

3978437 With F. G. Marshall: Acoustic surface wave devices. 1974:GB 1372235 With F. G. Marshall: Acoustic surface wave device amplifiers. 1975:GB 1385055

in 2012 for contributions to electromagnetic waveguides and design of surface wave antennas. "2012 elevated fellow" (PDF). IEEE Fellows Directory. Archived

water, the shock is damaging to nearby vessels and may also produce a surface wave to limited ranges. A crater is formed by an explosion at (or near) the

15 m from the test pile to avoid the influence of test-induced ground surface wave disturbance (Brown & Hyde, 2006). Data capture is undertaken using a

calculations it was said that the magnitude of the earthquake was 5.9 on the surface-wave magnitude scale or 5.7 on the moment magnitude scale. The mezoseismal

observations of salinity and temperature as well as observations of surface-wave parameters such as the significant wave height are much scarcer than

shorelines Coastal erosion – Displacement of land along the coastline Ocean surface wave – Surface waves generated by wind on open waterPages displaying short

Canada. Abbreviations used: Mw Moment magnitude scale ML Richter scale Ms Surface-wave magnitude scale Mn Nuttli magnitude scale—a version of the Richter scale

considered part of the regional sequence and may have been triggered by surface wave energy produced by the Landers earthquake. Foreshock activity, in the

innovative radar designs like the Podsolnukh-E over-the-horizon (OTH) surface-wave radar and the 29B6 Konteyner. The latter, while also being an OTH-radar

J.; Silveira, G.; Dumont, S.; Ramalho, R. (2022). "3D-ambient noise surface wave tomography of Fogo volcano, Cape Verde". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal

These right-lateral displacements reached up to 5.5 m (18 ft). For its surface-wave magnitude (Ms  7.3–7.4), its corresponding rupture length would be approximately

the greenhouse effect. June 15 – The 1896 Sanriku earthquake of 7.2 surface wave magnitude and tsunami in Japan kill 27,000. August – Conclusion of Nansen's

presented on isoseismal maps). Mw = moment magnitude scale and Ms = surface-wave magnitude. The inclusion criteria for adding events are based on WikiProject

Gutenberg discontinuity Gutenberg–Richter law Body-wave magnitude scale Surface-wave magnitude scale Low-velocity zone Microbarom Spouse Hertha Gutenberg

alert coastal populations to a possible tsunami risk. Typically the surface-wave magnitude for such an event is much smaller than moment magnitude as

(structure) Erosion control Riprap Artificial reef Coastal erosion Ocean surface wave Seawall KOLOS Xbloc MEDUS. (2011) Marine Engineering Division of University

This is so because the surface wave M, which is quickly obtained, is defined as proportional to the 20 sec Reighly surface wave, and this wave has a wavelength

the important parameters for calculating surface-wave magnitude. The equation for calculating surface wave magnitude is M = log 10 ⁡ ( A T ) max + σ

solids (2nd ed.). Krieger. ISBN 978-0898747829. Matthews, H. (1977). Surface wave filters: design, construction, and use. Wiley. ISBN 978-0471580300. Ristic

Electromagnetic wave transmission within the earth 1976 Attenuation on a surface wave G-line suspended within a circular tunnel 1979 Ground wave theory via

shorelines Coastal erosion – Displacement of land along the coastline Ocean surface wave – Surface waves generated by wind on open waterPages displaying short

Tyre in the south. Estimates for the magnitude vary from 7.2 on the surface-wave magnitude scale to a possible 7.5 on the moment magnitude scale. The

mainshock measured 7.8 on the moment magnitude scale and 8.1 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. The quake was the largest instrumentally recorded in

edition (1971) 082840237X Corum, K. L., and J. F. Corum, "The Zenneck surface wave", Nikola Tesla, Lightning Observations, and stationary waves, Appendix

Institute of Technology Known for Richter scale Gutenberg–Richter law Surface-wave magnitude Scientific career Fields Seismology, physics Institutions California

measurement of seismic waves (pressure, shear, and Rayleigh waves), surface-wave methods and downhole methods, and electromagnetic surveys (magnetometer

meaning that different frequencies have different velocities. The two main surface wave types are Rayleigh waves, which have both compressional and shear motions

they identified, its magnitude would have been approximately 7.2 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. Due to the lack of proper infrastructure and seismic

Earthquake Administration (CEA) measured the earthquake at 6.4 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. The depth of focus is reported to be 10 km by the USGS

18 December. The estimated magnitude for the mainshock is 7.1 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. The maximum seismic intensity was estimated at IX–X

sentiment ever since. The 1953 Ionian islands earthquake occurred with a surface wave magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme) on August

the strait are earthquakes at shallow and intermediate depths, with surface-wave magnitudes of up to 8.0. The Kythira Strait's Tsunami Warning System

are no injuries. 17 June: 1929 Murchison earthquake: An earthquake of surface wave magnitude 7.8 causes the deaths of 17 people and causes great damage

Semnan 40,000 400? BCE Tehran 7.6 Note: Mw = moment magnitude scale, Ms = surface-wave magnitude, and Muk = unknown. The inclusion criteria for adding events

shapes can propagate unchanged, because of properties of the nonlinear surface-wave medium. If a traveling wave has a fixed shape that repeats in space or

with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). Considering the large surface-wave magnitude (7.1) and widespread surface rupturing, structural damage to

catalogue of tsunamis on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean, the surface-wave magnitude was assigned 7.3. In 2013, the journal Geophysical Research

10th century. The estimated magnitude of the earthquake as 8.6 on the surface wave magnitude scale, has been taken from modelling of the tsunami. A source

000 years. The estimated magnitude for the earthquake is 7.0 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. It was followed by 18 months of aftershocks. Intensity

Fault System. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 7.6 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and 7.2–7.4 on the moment magnitude scale. The epicentre

earthquake. Nicholas Ambraseys, a Greek seismologist, estimated the surface-wave magnitude at 7.2 Ms . Estimates of the moment magnitude (Mw ) range from

u i s {\displaystyle u_{i}^{s}} is the Stokes drift velocity of the surface wave field, P {\displaystyle P} is the pressure, g i {\displaystyle g_{i}}

earthquake in 2010, but located south of the 1647 Santiago earthquake. A surface-wave magnitude of 8.0 or less was estimated. List of earthquakes in Chile

microscopy Supernova Supernova remnants Sura Ionospheric Heating Facility Surface-wave-sustained mode Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy Surface plasmon Surface

during large earthquakes. The earthquake measured 7.9 on the Chinese surface-wave magnitude scale but further analysis and recalculation indicate a magnitude

(2.5 mi) of it was visible at the surface, extending east–west. The surface-wave magnitude (Ms ) was calculated to be 6.3; a revision of 6.9 which was

21:30 TMT, in Uzun-Ada, Balkan Region, Turkmenistan. It had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 7.4 occurring at 60 km (37 mi) depth and had a maximum Modified

mismatch between surface gravity waves and acoustic waves, a single surface wave radiates only evanescent acoustic waves. Donn, W. L.; Rind, D. (1972)

meditation, love, music, sex and/or use of recreational drugs Love wave, a surface wave that produces horizontal motion This disambiguation page lists articles

experiments, each time using a different loading frequency, and measuring the surface wave-speed for each frequency; b) constructing a theoretical dispersion curve

from natural occurrences such as earthquakes. Because of the varying surface wave magnitude varies significantly between both occurrences. Natural disasters

Honduras, and it killed two people and measured between 6.4 and 6.7 surface-wave magnitude. The quake was felt throughout Honduras, Belize, and parts

and inner core. Travel-time curve also shows the relationship that the surface wave arrives first at the point near the epicenter, and conversely the refracted

presented on isoseismal maps). Mw = moment magnitude scale and Ms = surface wave magnitude. The inclusion criteria for adding events are based on WikiProject

1029/JB089iB07p06203. Retrieved November 9, 2022. Okal, Emile A. (September 1976). "A surface-wave investigation of the rupture mechanism of the Gobi-Altai (December 4

present-day east coast of Syria on 26 April. The earthquake had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 6.8 and maximum EMS-92 intensity of VIII–IX (Heavily damaging–Destructive)

present-day East Azerbaijan province on 22 March. With an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 6.7, the shock killed more than 2,000 people and thousands

damaging, injurious, or deadly events should be recorded. Mw = moment magnitude scale | Ms = surface-wave magnitude | ML = Richter scale | UK = Unknown

mantle structure beneath the Caribbean-South American plate boundary from surface wave tomography" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 114 (B1): B01312

largest earthquake to ever hit Japan. The earthquake, estimated at 8.0 (surface-wave magnitude), left a fault scarp that can still be seen today. One of the

Echolocation Infrared sensing in vampire bats Infrared sensing in snakes Surface wave detection Frog hearing Toad vision Plant Photomorphogenesis Gravitropism

tsunami earthquake can be defined as an undersea earthquake for which the surface-wave magnitude Ms differs markedly from the moment magnitude Mw, because the

hills. Scientists described the rupture as "strong". During the quake, surface wave and body wave magnitudes were measured at 5.2 and 5.54, respectively

(10 May 1999). "The deep structure of the Australian continent from surface wave tomography" (PDF). Lithos. pp. 17–43. Retrieved 11 September 2013.[permanent

estimates vary from 6.4 on the Me (Energy magnitude scale) to 7.3 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. The tsunami affected most of the Ionian coast of Sicily

Retrieved 22 August 2015. Ramadas Panemangalore Shenoy (1957). Study of a surface wave antenna. University of Wisconsin--Madison. p. 232. Ramadas Panemangalore

Yunnan in China on August 2. The earthquake, which had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 7.75, damaged homes across the province. There were dozens

rupture zones of the 1973 and 1969 earthquakes. Although it had a smaller surface wave magnitude and JMA magnitude of 7.1, it generated tsunami run-ups higher

(沖波), a Japanese word translated as "offshore wave", a type of ocean surface wave Japanese destroyer Okinami of the Imperial Japanese Navy Kanagawa oki

H. Elbelrhiti; P. Claudin & B. Andreotti (2005). "Field evidence for surface-wave-induced instability of sand dunes". Nature. 437 (September 29): 720–723

"Raytheon Canada Receives Contract For Next Generation High Frequency Surface Wave Radar System To Be Based in Nova Scotia". Defence Watch. Archived from

volcano. Magnitudes – Mw Moment magnitude scale, ML Richter scale, Ms Surface-wave magnitude Geology of Ecuador Gutscher, M.-A.; Malavieille, J.; Lallemand

Takeda H, Otsuka P, Tomoda M, Matsuda O, Wright OB (2019). "3J2-2 GHZ surface-wave ultrasound tomography". Proceedings of Symposium on Ultrasonic Electronics

– the interfacial wave is higher than and in antiphase with the free surface wave. The dispersion relation for this case is of a more complicated form

eruption around 1600 BCE Rogue wave – Unexpectedly large transient ocean surface wave Seiche – Standing wave in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water

probes (Langmuir probes) or electrically conducting samples compared to surface-wave plasmas. There, the high plasma density better shields disturbing potentials

earthquake struck the Ottoman Empire on 12 May. It had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 7.2 and was associated with faulting along the East Anatolian

5 372 698 Muk  = Unknown magnitude scale, ML  = Richter scale, Ms  = surface-wave magnitude, and Mw  = moment magnitude scale. The inclusion criteria for

September 1986, when it was hit by an earthquake that measured 6.2 on the surface wave magnitude scale. It was described as "moderately strong" but caused heavy

; Vermeer, P.; Glushchenko, A.; Laake, A. (2009-06-08). Advances in surface-wave processing for nearsurface characterisation in land seismic. Netherlands:

the moment magnitude (Mw ) of this earthquake at 9.0 to 9.3 and the surface-wave magnitude at 8.3 to 8.5. The tsunamis generated by this earthquake is

and the Hindu Kush mountain range. It had a magnitude of 7.3 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. The total number of deaths were between 300 and as high

The 1822 Costa Rica earthquake had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 7.5–7.6 and struck the nation's Caribbean coast. The earthquake largely affected

ISBN 978-981-02-0420-4 Didenkulova, I.; Pelinovsky, E.; Soomere, T. (2009), "Long surface wave dynamics along a convex bottom", Journal of Geophysical Research, 114

mantle structure beneath the Caribbean-South American plate boundary from surface wave tomography". Journal of Geophysical Research. 114 (B1). American Geophysical

between 25 and 30 seconds and had an estimated magnitude of 6.75 on the surface-wave magnitude scale. The calculated focal mechanism is consistent with slightly

surface-wave-sustained mode, they are especially well suited to generate large-area plasmas of high plasma density. If they are both in surface-wave and

 25–33. Tokimatsu, K., 1997. Geotechnical Site Characterization Using Surface Wave. Proc., 1st International Conf. on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering

time on 3 March in Malatya, Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. It had a surface wave magnitude of 7.1 and maximum felt intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli

teams were warming up, the Loma Prieta earthquake occurred (having a surface-wave magnitude of 7.1 with an epicenter ten miles (16 km) northeast of Santa

earthquake of 17 August 1999, which had a moment magnitude of 7.6 Mw and a surface-wave magnitude of 7.8 Ms had its epicenter in Gölcük and caused severe damage

1979, it registered 7.3 on the moment magnitude scale (Mw ), 7.2 on the surface-wave magnitude scale (Ms ), 7.7 on the energy magnitude scale (Me), and had

species by voltage applied to a small tube Capillary wave, is a liquid surface wave (ripples), whose dynamics are dominated by the effects of surface tension

1017/S0022112004009930. Forterre, YOL; Pouliquen, Olivier (10 June 2003). "Long-surface-wave instability in dense granular flows". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 486:

China since historical records began. The earthquake had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 6.75 and was associated with activity on the Fangcheng–Lingshan

junction of two or more sticks. The threads represented prevailing ocean surface wave-crests and directions they took as they approached islands and met other

gerrids are quickly pressed down and backwards to create a circular surface wave in which the crest can be used to propel a forward thrust. The semicircular

no. B5, p. 3893-3904. List of geophysicists Anderson, Don L. (1962). Surface wave dispersion in layered anisotropic media (phd). California Institute of

northern Syria with known intensities and magnitudes to predict the surface-wave magnitude for this event. The average radius of the isoseismals in the

increase water circulation and supply adequate gas exchange at the water surface. Wave-making devices have also been constructed to provide wave action. An

the many structures destroyed in the Lady Caycay earthquake, an 8.2 surface wave magnitude tremor which struck Panay Island on January 25, 1948. Pope

United States Geological Survey measured the earthquake at 7.5 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and 7.7 by the International Seismological Centre on

information. It is unlikely there was surface rupturing involved. The surface wave magnitude (Ms ) and rupture length were estimated at 6.7 and 22 km (14 mi)

and other settlements. This initial event was estimated at 6.6 on the surface wave magnitude scale and given a rating of VIII (Severe) to IX (Violent) on

(estimate). 1939 – The 1939 Accra earthquake occurred on June 22 with a surface wave magnitude of 6.4 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). Twenty-two

Stimson (1979-12-14). "Sex Discrimination in Gerris remigis: Role of a Surface Wave Signal". Science. 206 (4424). Sciencemag.org: 1325–7. doi:10.1126/science

Station Whitehorse, Yukon. The 1949 Queen Charlotte earthquake, with a surface wave magnitude of 8.1 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (severe), broke

roughly inversely proportional to the cutoff frequency. A propagating surface-wave mode that only involves the central conductor also exists, but is effectively

shorelines Coastal erosion – Displacement of land along the coastline Ocean surface wave – Surface waves generated by wind on open waterPages displaying short

shorelines Coastal erosion – Displacement of land along the coastline Ocean surface wave – Surface waves generated by wind on open waterPages displaying short

exceeded 8, such as in Chinese earthquake catalogs which placed the surface-wave magnitude (Ms ) at 8.25 (written as 81⁄4). Seismologists Beno Gutenberg

S2CID 8772526. Massel, S. R.; Furukawa, K.; Brinkman, R. M. (1999). "Surface wave propagation in mangrove forests". Fluid Dynamics Research. 24 (4): 219

cracks in the taxiways. The 1975 Near Islands earthquake, measuring 7.6 (surface wave magnitude), occurred on 1 February. A high degree of damage occurred

converter is protected from water impact loads which can occur at the free surface. Wave loads also diminish in non-linear proportion to the distance below the

PMID 19406676. "Transmission Line Calculator (Including radiation and surface-wave excitation losses)". terahertz.tudelft.nl. Delft, NL: Technical University

converter is protected from water impact loads which can occur at the free surface. Wave loads also diminish in non-linear proportion to the distance below the

(2020). "Using Seismic Source Parameters to Model Frequency-Dependent Surface-Wave Radiation Patterns". Seismological Research Letters. 91 (2A): 992–1002

habitable zone for photosynthetic marine life covering over 70% of Earth's surface. Wave action and other surface turbulence help to equalize temperatures throughout

(~1 sec.) Lg waves, a complex form of the Love wave which, although a surface wave, he found provided a result more closely related to the mb  scale than

Richter scale Mw  = Moment magnitude mb  = Body wave magnitude Ms  = Surface-wave magnitude List of disasters in China by death toll Geology of China List

8.5+ magnitude Key to magnitudes ML = Local magnitude (Richter) MS = Surface-wave magnitude Mw = Moment magnitude Lists of earthquakes "Magnitude 8 and

(PDF) on 2017-12-30. Green, Harry (2007). "Derivation of the Norton Surface Wave Using the Compensation Theorem". IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine

dispersions cancel out.) Capillary action Dispersion (water waves) Ocean surface wave Thermal capillary wave Two-phase flow Wave-formed ripple Ripples on water

(2017). "Field Survey on Sinkholes in Pokhara, Nepal, Based on Uav and Surface Wave Test". Seisan Kenkyu. 69 (6): 373–378. doi:10.11188/seisankenkyu.69.373

K-P. (1994). "Source mechanism of the 1992 Roermond earthquake from surface- wave inversion of regional data" (PDF). Geophysical Journal International

disrupted by the October 1948 Ashgabat earthquake. With an estimated surface wave magnitude of 7.3, the earthquake killed 10,000–110,000. According to

Type 63 multiple rocket launcher Raytheon's HFSWR-503 (High-Frequency Surface Wave Radar) Sea Search System Mark 92 Guided Missile Fire Control System -

matrices, Baumert-Hall units, four-symbol sequences, pulse compression, and surface wave encodings". J. Comb. Theory A. 16 (3): 313–333. doi:10.1016/0097-3165(74)90056-9

Russian Navy ships The Russian Navy uses Podsolnukh over-the-horizon surface wave radar for detection of ships. As of 2019, four radars have been delivered

earthquake had an estimated moment magnitude of 7.0–7.3 and 7.7 or 7.5 on the surface-wave magnitude scale at a depth of 16–23 kilometres (9.9–14.3 mi). A maximum

use RF through microwave frequencies transmitted via a transverse mode surface wave propagation mechanism that requires only a single conductor. An implementation

of the infamous 1990 Luzon earthquake, which registered a 7.8 on the surface wave magnitude scale, at roughly 3 pm on July 16, 1990. It leveled some buildings

1992 Nicaragua earthquake and tsunami, which was evaluated to have a surface-wave magnitude of 7.0 when analyzing short period seismic signals. When longer

were no land masses, it would take about 30 hours for a long wavelength surface wave to propagate along the Equator halfway around the Earth (by comparison

cell's apical pole, one of which is recurrent - that is, it runs along a surface wave, giving the aspect of an undulating membrane. Mixotricha paradoxa have

this list Magnitudes – Mw Moment magnitude scale, ML Richter scale, Ms Surface-wave magnitude, ? Unknown scale Colombia portal Earth sciences portal Geology

have resulted in fatalities. A study by Zahibo and others published a surface-wave magnitude of 7.5 (Ms ) at a hypocenter depth of less than 30 km (19 mi)

S2CID 8772526. Massel, S. R.; Furukawa, K.; Brinkman, R. M. (1999). "Surface wave propagation in mangrove forests". Fluid Dynamics Research. 24 (4): 219

Information Center reported magnitudes of 5.0 Mb (body-wave) and 4.7 MS (surface-wave). The earthquake was notable for its significant depth, occurring in

Volcano-tectonic earthquakes typically have magnitudes of less than 6 on the surface-wave scale and often precede volcanic eruptions. The 1878 and 1937 eruptions

1964. It measured 7.5 on the moment magnitude scale (Mw ), while on the surface-wave magnitude scale (Ms ), measured between 7.1 and 7.7. The earthquake occurred

magmatic plumbing system with seismic interferometry and phase velocity surface wave tomography". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 124 (3): 2920–2940

1, 1914. energy portal Wireless energy transmission Surface plasmon Surface-wave-sustained mode Transmission medium Distributed generation Electricity

laser diagnostics of mechanical properties of thin films and solids by surface-wave spectroscopy. In these experiments, laser radiation is focused on the

period was up to 500 seconds. This resulted in smaller body wave and surface-wave magnitudes, at 6.7–7.1 mb  and 7.68 Ms , respectively. The range of depths

Melville for pioneering contributions in advancing knowledge on the role of surface wave breaking and related processes in air-sea interaction. 2014 John Marshall

( ξ , τ ) {\displaystyle \psi (\xi ,\tau )} being the envelope of a surface wave in deep water. The dispersion is anomalous and the nonlinearity is self-focusing

interacting with longer waves (10 cm to a meter wavelengths). Ocean surface wave dynamics can be formulated as nonlinear interactions among a set of harmonic

Science 310: p. 643. Massel, S. R.; Furukawa, K.and Brinkman R. M. (1999) "Surface wave propagation in mangrove forests" Fluid Dynamics Research 24(4): pp. 219–249

Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) "Negative reflection and negative surface wave conversion from obliquely incident electromagnetic waves". nature.com

earthquake doublet occurs to the north of the Sea of Galilee, with a surface wave magnitude of 6.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII–IX (Severe–Violent)

magmatic plumbing system with seismic interferometry and phase velocity surface wave tomography". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 124 (3): 2920–2940

Employer(s) NASA and formerly Oregon State University Known for Microwave ocean remote sensing; surface wave modeling Notable work Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich

A.; Satô, Y. (1969-05-01). "Recent Improvements in the Analysis of Surface Wave Observations". Geophysical Journal International. 17 (4): 369–403. Bibcode:1969GeoJ

destructive earthquakes in recent history. The earthquake measured 6.8 on the surface-wave magnitude scale (Ms ); on the moment magnitude scale (Mw ), it measured

as a seismic zone until November 20, 1933, when an earthquake with a surface-wave magnitude of 7.3 occurred beneath Baffin Bay. This is the largest instrumentally

in the later traveling wave tubes of UHF and SHF bands, as well as a surface wave antennas. He published the monograph "The transmitting antennas", which

maximum fetch of 11.75 km (7.30 mi). This allows a theoretical maximum surface wave height of 1.14 m (3.7 ft). Green Lake is within the Big Green Lake Watershed

regions, with its center around the Napier Complex, as determined by surface wave tomographic studies. Additionally, the depth of the lithospheric rock

Wadling graphically, with "zigzagging lines evok[ing] the sharpness of its surface wave". It seems there are no depictions of the tarn on any subsequent maps

beneath the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex from the joint inversion of surface wave dispersion and receiver functions". Earth and Planetary Science Letters

arrived at with more calculations. The correct identification of body and surface wave polarizations is the key to determining the degree of anisotropy. The

the B Horizon consists of sand. Maximum fetch:(km): 16.371 km Maximum surface wave height(m): 1.34m Minimum water temperature (°C): 1.9 °C Maximum water

in dam appurtenances using scale models Water Waves, specializing in surface wave action using fixed-bed harbor models and testing flumes Hydraulic Analysis

angle determination. Pulse compression was then added using an acoustic surface wave filter, compressing it to 100 nanoseconds. The lowest elevation "beams"

amid Communist threats. July 16 Luzon earthquake: An earthquake with a surface wave magnitude of 7.8, whose epicenter was recorded in Nueva Ecija, hits Northern