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alternate case: sign convention

Mohr's circle (6,591 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

different sign convention from the geomechanics literature. There is no standard sign convention, and the choice of a particular sign convention is influenced

Electron affinity (Eea) vs atomic number (Z). Note the sign convention explanation in the previous section.

thermodynamic work on a thermodynamic system, which is measured by an opposite sign convention. For thermodynamic work, appropriately chosen externally measured quantities

the internal energy (U) of the system. This article uses the physics sign convention for work, where positive work is work done by the system. Using this

thermodynamically stable energy state (closer to thermodynamic equilibrium). The sign convention for free energy change follows the general convention for thermodynamic

y} direction of the beam. The minus sign is included to satisfy the sign convention. In order to calculate M x z {\displaystyle \mathbf {M} _{xz}} , we

The moment-area theorem is an engineering tool to derive the slope, rotation and deflection of beams and frames. This theorem was developed by Mohr and

{1}{2}}} Once a sign convention has been chosen, it has to be maintained for the whole structure. The traditional engineer's sign convention is not used in

the distance of the object with respect to the front focal point. A sign convention is used such that d 0 {\textstyle d_{0}} and d i {\displaystyle d_{i}}

{\displaystyle {\mbox{BFD}}=f\left(1-{\frac {(n-1)d}{nR_{1}}}\right).} In the sign convention used here, the value of R1 will be positive if the first lens surface

shown above, while the proton affinity is positive. This is the same sign convention used for electron affinity. The property related to the proton affinity

choice of a canonical map sometimes depends on a convention (e.g., a sign convention). A closely related notion is a structure map or structure morphism;

In civil engineering and structural analysis Clapeyron's theorem of three moments (by Émile Clapeyron) is a relationship among the bending moments at three

{\displaystyle \alpha _{\lambda }=-\alpha _{\nu }-2.} The opposite sign convention is sometimes employed, in which the spectral index is given by S ν

} ) is the surface tension. Although signs for these values vary, sign convention usually dictates positive curvature when convex and negative when concave

the particles' electric charges. When following the electric-charge-sign convention, the lepton number (shown with an over-bar here, to reduce confusion)

stress to cause a compressible object to increase in size, making the sign convention self-consistent. In structural geology, differential stress is used

In optics, vergence is the angle formed by rays of light that are not perfectly parallel to one another. Rays that move closer to the optical axis as they

figure shows the influence line for shear at point B. Using the beam sign convention and cutting the beam at B, we can deduce the figure shown. Part (e)

literature. These can be called the "cohomological sign convention" and the "super sign convention". They differ in how the antipode (exchange of two

Norfolk, Virginia. It is signed as north–south, in keeping with the sign convention for most odd-numbered Interstates, but the route goes primarily east–west

The Seebeck coefficient (also known as thermopower, thermoelectric power, and thermoelectric sensitivity) of a material is a measure of the magnitude of

shrinks to a point (see weak solution). It is common to take a different sign convention for this equation than one typically does when defining fundamental

wave is considered to be s or p polarized, an artifact of the adopted sign convention (see graph for an air-glass interface at 0° incidence). The equations

{\displaystyle W=P\Delta V,} where P is pressure.[citation needed] The sign convention is such that positive work is performed by the system on the environment

and the conservation of energy for each engine as shown below. The sign convention of work W {\displaystyle W} , with which the sign of + for work done

{-}}0&{\text{otherwise.}}\end{array}}\right.} (Many authors use the opposite sign convention.) The oriented incidence matrix of an undirected graph is the incidence

that substance due to the electric field between the electrodes. The sign convention regarding current is such that the migration current is negative for

{i+o}{i-o}}\right)\,,} where the signs of the radii follow the Cartesian sign convention. For small telescopes using spherical mirrors with focal ratios shorter

acceleration = tangential speed^2/radius of turn, in appropriate units The sign convention can be established by rigorous attention to coordinate systems. In

angle. The choice of sign for time-dependence, e−iωt, dictates the sign convention for the imaginary part of permittivity. The signs used here correspond

the Condon–Shortley and Wigner sign convention as discussed by Baird and Biedenharn. Tables with the same sign convention may be found in the Particle Data

The sign convention (Q is heat supplied to the system as, W is work done by the system) is that of Rudolf Clausius. The opposite sign convention is customary

− p d V + T d S {\displaystyle dU=-p\,dV+T\,dS} . Notice that the sign convention will affect only the coefficients, not the differentials. Finally,

potentials considered), and is represented using the positive astronomical sign convention for gravitational potentials. Also c is the speed of light, and v is

respectively. In the proof of the Clausius theorem or inequality, a sign convention of heat is used; in the perspective of an object under consideration

of the covariates increase the survival time, but this is merely a sign convention; without a negative sign, they increase the hazard.) This is satisfied

page. The moment direction may be accounted for by using a stated sign convention, such as a plus sign (+) for counterclockwise moments and a minus sign

the mass times the distance squared times the angular speed. The sign convention for angular momentum is the same as that for angular velocity. L =

that guarantee the output" of other tensors. MTW uses the − + + + sign convention, and discourages the use of the + + + + metric with an imaginary time

in a letter dated May 4, 1748 to Goldbach (but he used a different sign convention from the above). It can be verified with elementary algebra. The identity

''=} complex permeability j = − 1 {\displaystyle j={\sqrt {-1}}} The sign convention is chosen for consistency with propagation in lossy media. If the attenuation

work (W) done by the system on its surroundings. (Note, an alternate sign convention, not used in this article, is to define W as the work done on the system

moved. The value for x can be positive or negative depending on the sign convention. Lens power in diopters is the mathematical inverse of focal length

Riemann curvature, as a (0,4)-tensor field. This article will follow the sign convention R i j k l = g l p ( ∂ i Γ j k p − ∂ j Γ i k p + Γ i q p Γ j k q − Γ

is used throughout this article. This article uses the "analyst's" sign convention for Laplacians, except when noted otherwise. In a smooth coordinate

October 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link) "Moment Diagram Sign Convention Poll". Eng-Tips Forum. Retrieved 25 October 2013. Emweb.unl.edu Beer

of the external field). Note that this sign convention is used in physics, while the opposite sign convention for the dipole, from the positive charge

Children - Confirmation - Conscientious objector - Contracts (right to sign) - Convention on the Rights of the Child - Corporal punishment - Councils - Crime

isothermally rejects heat in the amount QH < 0 (negative according to the sign convention for heat lost by the system). Also during this stage, the refrigerant

its surroundings. The foregoing sign convention for work is used in the present article, but an alternate sign convention, followed by IUPAC, for work,

{\displaystyle 1-i\omega \tau } in the denominator due to an ongoing sign convention ambiguity whereby many sources represent the time dependence of the

to covariant derivatives. With a ( − + + + ) {\displaystyle (-+++)} sign convention, this is defined for a vector field X along a curve γ ( s ) {\displaystyle

including half of mainsail "to make themselves trousers" Britain and Spain sign convention allowing trade in each other's recent and future Pacific settlements

contraction (CHC)—the difference between the two terms being a difference in sign convention. Differences in hygroscopy can be observed in plastic-laminated paperback

(unitless), welec,rev, electrical work in a reversible process (chemistry sign convention), n, number of moles of electrons transferred in the reaction, F =

original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018. "Five States Sign Convention On Caspian Legal Status". Radio Free Europe. Archived from the original

imply that the flux through any surface with boundary C, with the same sign convention, is the same. In practice, one usually chooses the most convenient

quantity of heat, Q , {\displaystyle Q,} supplied to the system. With the sign convention of Rudolf Clausius, that heat supplied to the system is positive, but

piston), while causing an amount of waste heat QC < 0 (with the standard sign convention for heat) and of entropy ΔSC = QC/TC < 0 to flow out of the gas to

Stewart & Lightfoot 2007, p. 18: This source uses an alternative sign convention, which has been reversed here. Landau & Lifshitz 1987, p. 45. Balescu

Q_{\mathsf {C}}\right\vert } absorbed over a cycle. Thus, with the sign convention for a heat Q {\textstyle Q} transferred in a thermodynamic process

^{2}}{\partial y^{2}}}-{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial z^{2}}}~\;} ; the sign convention must be specified. In curved spacetime (or flat spacetime with non-Euclidean

supply, we return to the first law for closed systems, with the physics sign convention: dU = δQ − δW, where the heat δQ is supplied by conduction, radiation

one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This article uses the sign convention of the mechanical work as often defined in engineering, which is different

\mu }g_{\sigma \nu }-g_{\rho \nu }g_{\sigma \mu }\right)} (using the sign convention R ρ σ μ ν = ∂ μ Γ ν σ ρ − ∂ ν Γ μ σ ρ + Γ μ λ ρ Γ ν σ λ − Γ ν λ ρ Γ

of the media i ≡ − 1   {\displaystyle i\equiv {\sqrt {-1\ }}} The sign convention is chosen for consistency with propagation in lossy media. If the attenuation

(1997). "Electron Affinities of the Alkaline Earth Metals and the Sign Convention for Electron Affinity". Journal of Chemical Education. 74 (1): 123–127

subtracting the constituent loop currents as indicated by the adopted sign convention and loop orientations.) Per Ampère's law, the excitation is the product

the anchor's axis, positive and negative depending on an arbitrary sign convention. Cyclic Crack (also named “crack movement”): RC primary structure undergoes

be represented by tensor densities of weight +1. Some authors use a sign convention for weights that is the negation of that presented here. In contrast

}}_{A}+{\overline {\partial }}_{A}\partial _{A}\right)} Note that in the sign-convention being used here, both A 1 , 0 , A 0 , 1 {\displaystyle A^{1,0},A^{0

t {\displaystyle ut} have the same boundary, subtracting them (the sign convention is to correctly handle the grading) gives a cocycle (the boundary of

Gauss–Newton algorithm for a non-linear least squares problem. Note the sign convention in the definition of the Jacobian matrix in terms of the derivatives

affected: B− n with B− 1 = −⁠1/2⁠ (OEIS: A027641 / OEIS: A027642) is the sign convention prescribed by NIST and most modern textbooks. B+ n with B+ 1 = +⁠1/2⁠

}-U_{1}\right)+\left(U_{4}-U_{3}\right)=+4-5=-1} (again, using the sign convention, the minus sign implies energy is leaving the system as work) If the

The choice of + or – in the path difference formula depends on the sign convention for Θ m {\displaystyle \Theta _{\mathrm {m} }} : plus if Θ m = Θ i

here, and discussed in more detail below. One is the "half-arrow" sign convention. This defines the assumed direction of positive energy flow. As with

variations Whether the extreme value is maximum or minimum depends on the sign convention used for defining the Hamiltonian. The historic convention leads to

Pin(n, 0) and Pin(0, n) are in general not isomorphic. Using the "+" sign convention for Clifford algebras (where v 2 = Q ( v ) ∈ C l ( V , Q ) {\displaystyle

{\textstyle Q_{c}=Q\left({\frac {1}{\eta }}-1\right)} , where (1) the sign convention of heat is used in which heat entering into (leaving from) an engine

_{k=1}^{n}(N^{2}-k^{2}).} This fixes the polynomials completely along with the sign convention, t n N ( N − 1 ) > 0 {\displaystyle t_{n}^{N}(N-1)>0} . If the independent

number of negatives in the signature of the metric tensor in either sign convention): E α β γ δ E ρ σ μ ν = − g α ζ g β η g γ θ g δ ι δ ρ σ μ ν ζ η θ ι

function H ( σ ) {\displaystyle H(\sigma )} is conventional. Using this sign convention, Ising models can be classified according to the sign of the interaction:

{\displaystyle v} as measured by an observer on the receiver or the source (The sign convention adopted here is that v {\displaystyle v} is negative if the receiver

be found using Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Here, we are using the sign convention of downward forces and sagging bending moments being positive. Load

positive integers n {\displaystyle n} . (This merely satisfies the sign convention that primes are positive.) The second condition is necessary because

v\,} as measured by an observer on the receiver or the source (The sign convention adopted here is that v {\displaystyle v\,} is negative if the receiver

considered to be negative, which is different from the solid mechanics sign convention for stress. For level ground conditions, the total vertical stress

Sattinger & Szmigielski 2000 (where a different normalization and sign convention is used) Lundmark & Szmigielski 2005 Beals, Richard; Sattinger, David

sunrise to local solar noon or from local solar noon to sunset. The sign convention is typically that the observer latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is

{\displaystyle A[1]\oplus B} , and that some authors use a different sign convention. Thus, if for example our complexes are of abelian groups, the differential

performance and frequency of measurement. C37.118-2005 uses the opposite sign convention for time zone offset: offset = timecode − UTC, UTC = timecode − offset

and structures in the core are compared with the log and matched. Sign Convention - Depth increases positive in the downward direction. This may seem

December 2016. Nuradzimmah Daim (4 November 2015). "Msia will not sign convention on refugees". New Straits Times. Retrieved 7 December 2016. "Immigration

compressive stress at the bottom surface. With this choice of bending moment sign convention, in order to have d M = Q d x {\displaystyle dM=Qdx} , it is necessary

the general stream function article, definitions using an opposite sign convention – for the relationship between the Stokes stream function and flow

In order to specify the phase shift on reflection, we must choose a sign convention for the reflection coefficient, which is the ratio of the reflected

as we approach normal incidence is an obvious disadvantage of the sign convention used in this article; the corresponding advantage is that they have

four-vector components are signs, therefore the signs depend on which sign convention is used. We have: A ⋅ A = − ( A 0 ) 2 + ( A 1 ) 2 + ( A 2 ) 2 + ( A

the spinors. Writing the quantum Hamiltonian with the conventional sign convention H = i ∂ t {\displaystyle H=i\partial _{t}} leads to the Majorana equation

that is used. For the rest of this article we will assume that the sign convention is such that a positive sign is appropriate. Beam theory Bending Bending

vector acting on a plane with normal unit vector n. A note on the sign convention: The tetrahedron is formed by slicing a parallelepiped along an arbitrary

16 January 2015. Nuradzimmah Daim (4 November 2015). "Msia will not sign convention on refugees". New Straits Times. Retrieved 4 November 2015. Stephanie

Academic Press, ISBN 978-0-12-059825-0; Section 12.5. (Uses a different sign convention.) Belousov, S. L. (1962), Tables of normalized associated Legendre

\lambda )} . The Ward operator on each field may be identified (up to a sign convention) with the Lie derivative along the vertical vector field associated

k = k − − k + {\displaystyle \Delta k=k_{-}-k_{+}} , following the sign convention of natural optical activity. In the presence of a static, uniform external

positive moments act in the clockwise direction. We also assume that the sign convention of the stress resultants ( M x x {\displaystyle M_{xx}} and Q x {\displaystyle

Bessel function and ℓ β {\displaystyle \ell \beta } is finite. Using sign convention of Wigner, et al. the d-matrix elements d m ′ m j ( θ ) {\displaystyle

match-fixing", The Washington Post, 18 September 2014. "European ministers sign convention on match-fixing", Play the Game, 18 September 2014. Treaty text. Signatories

with n = 0, 1, 2, 3 are presented in the table below. [Note that the sign convention differs from the one in the page about the associated Legendre polynomials

temperature, which makes it dimensionless, and it has the opposite sign convention Sunyaev, R. A.; Zeldovich, Ya. B. (1970). "Small-Scale Fluctuations

stabilized by allowing it to delocalize between two orbitals). The usual sign convention is to let both α and β be negative numbers. To understand and compare

] by virtue of [the definition ΔU=Q − W, present notation, physics sign convention], both heat and work have the dimensions of energy" (p. 73). C.f.:

para Verificar Financiamiento de Partidos Políticos" [TSE and Lottery Sign Convention to Verify Political Party Financing]. Supreme Electoral Court (in Spanish)

vol. 40, pp. 3039–3067. These equations use a slightly different sign convention than the preceding discussion. Bending Bending of plates Infinitesimal