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searching for Proto-language 298 found (749 total)

Marind–Yaqai languages (383 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Marind–Yaqai (Marind–Yakhai) languages are a well established language family of Papuan languages, spoken by the Marind-anim. They form part of the

Huon Gulf languages (247 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Western Oceanic North New Guinea Huon Gulf Proto-language Proto-Huon Gulf Subdivisions Markham North Huon Gulf Numbami South Huon

Lule–Vilela languages (376 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The two Lule–Vilela languages constitute a small, distantly related language family of northern Argentina. Kaufman found the relationship likely and with

Chicham languages (611 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Chicham languages, also known as Jivaroan (Hívaro, Jívaro, Jibaro) is a small language family of northern Peru and eastern Ecuador. Chicham consists

Choco languages (767 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Choco languages (also Chocoan, Chocó, Chokó) are a small family of Indigenous languages spread across Colombia and Panama. Choco consists of six known

Matacoan languages (494 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Matacoan (also Mataguayan, Matákoan, Mataguayo, Mataco–Mataguayo, Matacoano, Matacoana) is a language family of northern Argentina, western Paraguay, and

Nunusaku languages (126 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

thousand speakers, and several are endangered with extinction. The proto-language, Proto-Nunusaku, merged Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *z/*d as *d, and *l/*R/*j

Popolocan languages (195 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Popolocan languages are a subfamily of the Oto-Manguean language family of Mexico, spoken mainly in the state of Puebla. The Popolocan languages should

Jicaquean languages (513 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Jicaquean, also known as Tolan, is a small language family of Honduras. There are two attested Jicaquean languages, Tol (Eastern Jicaque) and Western Jicaque

Barbacoan languages (1,661 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification One of the world's primary language families Proto-language Proto-Barbacoan Subdivisions Awan Coconucan Cayapa–Tsafiki ? Cañari–Puruhá

Kalapuyan languages (526 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Kalapuyan (also Kalapuya) is a small extinct language family that was spoken in the Willamette Valley of Western Oregon, United States. It consists of

Numugen languages (130 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Numugen (Numagen) languages are a small family of closely related languages in the Madang branch of the Trans–New Guinea languages (TNG) phylum of

Misumalpan languages (1,038 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Misumalpan languages (also Misumalpa or Misuluan) are a small family of languages spoken by indigenous peoples on the east coast of Nicaragua and nearby

Yuman–Cochimí languages (519 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Yuman–Cochimí languages are a family of languages spoken in Baja California, northern Sonora, southern California, and western Arizona. Cochimí is

Zaparoan languages (946 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Zaparoan (also Sáparoan, Záparo, Zaparoano, Zaparoana) is an endangered language family of Peru and Ecuador with fewer than 100 speakers. Zaparoan speakers

Arawan languages (846 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Arawan (also Arahuan, Arauan, Arawán, Arawa, Arauán) is a family of languages spoken in western Brazil (Amazonas, Acre) and Peru (Ucayali). Jolkesky (2016)

Pomoan languages (822 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Pomoan, or Pomo /ˈpoʊmoʊ/, languages are a small family of seven languages indigenous to northern California spoken by the Pomo people, whose ancestors

Sahaptian languages (377 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Sahaptian (also Sahaptianic, Sahaptin, Shahaptian) is a two-language branch of the hypothetical Plateau Penutian family spoken by Native American peoples

Nambikwaran languages (780 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Nambikwaran languages are a language family of half a dozen languages, all spoken in the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil. They have traditionally been

Kamakã languages (463 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Kamakã languages are a small family of extinct Macro-Jê languages of Bahía, northeastern Brazil. The attested Kamakã languages are: (northern) Kamakã

Kamakã languages (463 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Kamakã languages are a small family of extinct Macro-Jê languages of Bahía, northeastern Brazil. The attested Kamakã languages are: (northern) Kamakã

Nadahup languages (1,203 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Nadahup languages, also known as Makú (Macú) or Vaupés–Japurá, form a small language family in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. The name Makú is pejorative

Guajiboan languages (718 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Guajiboan (also Guahiban, Wahívoan, Guahiboan) is a language family spoken in the Orinoco River region in eastern Colombia and southwestern Venezuela,

Ndu languages (909 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Ndu languages are the best known family of the Sepik languages of East Sepik Province in northern Papua New Guinea. Ndu is the word for 'man' in the

Macro-Jê languages (1,618 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Macro-Jê (also spelled Macro-Gê) is a medium-sized language family in South America, mostly in Brazil but also in the Chiquitanía region in Santa Cruz

Tucanoan languages (580 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Tucanoan (also Tukanoan, Tukánoan) is a language family of Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru. Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities

Kusunda language (1,688 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Kusunda or Kusanda (endonym Gemehaq gipan Kusunda: [gemʰjaχ] [gipən] ) is a language isolate spoken by a few among the Kusunda people in western and central

Bororoan languages (972 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Borôroan languages of Brazil and Bolivia are Borôro and the extinct Umotína, Kovareka, Kuruminaka and Otuke. They are sometimes considered to form

Yabutian languages (218 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Yabutian or Jabutian languages are two similar moribund languages of southern Rondônia, Brazil, namely Arikapú (Maxubí) and Djeoromitxi (Yabutí/Jabotí)

Lencan languages (1,459 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Lencan languages are a small linguistic family from Central America, whose speakers before the Spanish conquest spread throughout El Salvador and Honduras

Oto-Pamean languages (296 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Oto-Pamean languages are a branch of the Oto-Manguean languages that includes languages of the Otomi-Mazahua, Matlatzinca, and Pamean language groups

Cahuapanan languages (468 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Cahuapanan languages are a language family spoken in the Amazon basin of northern Peru. They include two languages, Chayahuita and Jebero, which are

Purian languages (993 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Purian languages are a pair of extinct languages of eastern Brazil: Puri Coroado Puri (also known as Coroado) Coropó (Koropó), once spoken in Minas

Sogeram languages (611 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Sogeram languages are a family of languages in the Madang stock of New Guinea. They are named after the Sogeram River. In earlier classifications,

Ambel language (534 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Ambel (Amber), also known as Waigeo after the island where it is primarily spoken, is a heavily Papuan-influenced Austronesian language spoken on the island

Chumashan languages (1,242 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Chumashan is an extinct and revitalizing family of languages that were spoken on the southern California coast by Native American Chumash people, from

Chapacuran languages (785 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Chapacuran languages are a nearly extinct Native American language family of South America. Almost all Chapacuran languages are extinct, and the four

Boran languages (525 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Boran (also known as Bora–Muinane, Bora–Muiname, Bóran, Miranyan, Miranya, Bórano) is a small language family, consisting of just two languages. The two

Northeast Caucasian languages (3,166 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

*qar; *qʕur ?), that suggest agriculture was well developed before the proto-language broke up. A reconstructed phonology is given below from Diakonoff and

Trans–São Francisco languages (228 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Trans–São Francisco languages (Portuguese: Transanfranciscano) are a proposed grouping of languages within Macro-Jê. They consist of the Krenák, Maxakalían

Muskogean languages (1,793 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Muskogean (also Muskhogean) is a language family spoken in the Southeastern United States. Members of the family are Indigenous Languages of the Americas

ǃKung languages (1,712 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

ǃKung /ˈkʊŋ/ KUUNG (ǃXun), also known as Ju (/ˈdʒuː/ JOO), is a dialect continuum (language complex) spoken in Namibia, Botswana, and Angola by the ǃKung

Takelma–Kalapuyan languages (896 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Takelma–Kalapuyan languages (also Takelman) are a proposed small language family that comprises the Kalapuyan languages and Takelma, which were spoken

Ta-Arawakan languages (135 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Ta-Arawakan languages, also known as Ta-Maipurean and Caribbean, are the Indigenous Arawakan languages of the Caribbean Sea coasts of Central and South

Jê languages (535 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Jê languages (also spelled Gê, Jean, Ye, Gean), or Jê–Kaingang languages, are spoken by the Jê, a group of indigenous peoples in Brazil. The Jê family

Chibchan languages (1,270 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Chibchan languages (also known as Chibchano) make up a language family indigenous to the Isthmo-Colombian Area, which extends from eastern Honduras

Northern Adelbert languages (764 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Northern Adelbert or Pihom–Isumrud languages are a family of twenty languages in the Madang stock of New Guinea. The occupy the coastal northern Adelbert

Western Oceanic languages (106 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Western Oceanic Proto-language Proto-Western Oceanic Subdivisions North New Guinea linkage Meso-Melanesian

Orya–Tor languages (413 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Orya–Tor languages are a family of just over a dozen Papuan languages spoken in Western New Guinea, Indonesia. The Tor family, named after the Tor

Miwok languages (524 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Miwok or Miwokan languages (/ˈmiːwɒk/; Northern Sierra Miwok: [míwːɨːk]), also known as Moquelumnan or Miwuk, are a group of endangered languages spoken

Oto-Manguean languages (4,432 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

as the oldest language family with evidence of tonal contrast in the proto-language. The Oto-Manguean urheimat has been thought to be in the Tehuacán valley

Schouten languages (157 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Western Oceanic North New Guinea Schouten Proto-language Proto-Schouten Language codes Glottolog scho1242

Mansakan languages (124 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Greater Central Philippine Central Philippine Mansakan Proto-language Proto-Mansakan Language codes Glottolog mans1261

Lists of languages (485 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Adjectives Determiners Nouns Prepositions Pronouns Verbs Indo-European (proto-language) Uralic Finnish conjugation Hungarian Turkic Turkish Other European

Atayalic languages (247 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distribution Northern Taiwan Linguistic classification Austronesian Atayalic Proto-language Proto-Atayalic Subdivisions Atayal Seediq Language codes Linguasphere

Palawanic languages (220 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Greater Central Philippine Palawanic Proto-language Proto-Palawanic Language codes Glottolog pala1354

Pidjanan languages (588 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Pidjanan languages are a subgroup of Arawakan languages of northern South America. The term Pidjanan was coined by Sérgio Meira (2019) from Wapishana

Slavic (296 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

related Indo-European languages Proto-Slavic language, reconstructed proto-language of all Slavic languages Old Church Slavonic, 9th century Slavic literary

Alor–Pantar languages (1,322 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Alor–Pantar languages are a family of clearly related Papuan languages spoken on islands of the Alor archipelago near Timor in southern Indonesia.

Micronesian languages (451 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Central–Eastern Oceanic Micronesian Proto-language Proto-Micronesian Subdivisions Kosraean Nauruan Central Micronesian

Proto-Uralic homeland (4,403 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Indo-Iranian loanword layers. According to him, the disintegration of the proto-language began soon after 2500 BCE, but the speech community remained in a narrow

Kamchatkan languages (333 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

contrasts, especially in the area of phonology. The Chukotko-Kamchatkan proto-language has been partially reconstructed. Michael Fortescue believes that Kamchatkan

Temotu languages (426 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Temotu Proto-language Proto-Temotu Subdivisions Reefs–Santa Cruz Utupua Vanikoro Language

Tongic languages (31 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Central Pacific Polynesian Tongic Proto-language Proto-Tongic Subdivisions Tongan Niuean Language codes Glottolog tong1324

Afroasiatic languages (11,397 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for an origin in the Levant. Even the latest plausible dating for its proto-language makes Afroasiatic the oldest language family accepted by contemporary

Bantoid languages (334 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Volta–Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Proto-language Proto-Bantoid Subdivisions Northern Bantoid Southern Bantoid Language

Palaihnihan languages (534 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification Hokan ? Shasta–Palaihnihan ? Palaihnihan Proto-language Proto-Palaihnihan Subdivisions Atsugewi Achumawi Language codes Glottolog

Chimakuan languages (1,228 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

able to reconstruct a similar provisional vocalic inventory for the proto-language: short *a, *e, *o, and long *a·, *e·, *o·. Stress was phonemic. In Quileute

Ardipithecus ramidus (3,421 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

suggested that it was among the earliest of human ancestors to use some proto-language, possibly capable of vocalizing at the same level as a human infant

South Vanuatu languages (275 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Southern Oceanic South Vanuatu Proto-language Proto-South Vanuatu Language codes Glottolog sout2868

Graeco-Aryan (795 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. p. 323. doi:10

Graeco-Armenian (1,452 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

should speak of Helleno-Armenian" (the postulate of a Graeco-Armenian proto-language). James Clackson is more reserved, considers the evidence of a Graeco-Armenian

Panoan languages (2,964 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Panoan (also Pánoan, Panoano, Panoana, Páno) is a family of languages spoken in western Brazil, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia. It is possibly a branch

Khoisan (5,155 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

click consonants. They are not verifiably derived from a single common proto-language, but are split among at least three separate and unrelated language

Moklenic languages (758 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Greater North Borneo? Moklenic Proto-language Proto-Moklenic (Proto-Moken-Moklen) Subdivisions Moken Moklen Language

Cariban languages (1,744 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Cariban languages are a family of languages Indigenous to north-eastern South America. They are widespread across northernmost South America, from

Italo-Celtic (1,526 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Karl Horst, “Contributions from New Data to the Reconstruction of the Proto-Language”. In: Polomé, Edgar; Winter, Werner, eds. (1992). Reconstructing Languages

Arawakan languages (4,899 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

America, Caribbean Linguistic classification Macro-Arawakan ? Arawakan Proto-language Proto-Arawakan Subdivisions Northern Southern Language codes ISO 639-5

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa languages (276 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Malayo-Sumbawan (?) Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa Proto-language Proto-Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa Language codes Glottolog bali1277 Distribution

Admiralty Islands languages (236 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Admiralty Islands Proto-language Proto-Admiralty Islands (Proto-Admiralty) Subdivisions Eastern Admiralty

Greater Central Philippine languages (411 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine? Greater Central Philippine Proto-language Proto-Greater Central Philippine Subdivisions Central Philippine South

Khoe languages (1,028 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Güldemann believes agro-pastoralist people speaking the Khoe–Kwadi proto-language entered modern-day Botswana about 2000 years ago from the northeast

Tsouic languages (428 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distribution Central Taiwan Linguistic classification Austronesian Tsouic Proto-language Proto-Tsouic Subdivisions Tsou Southern Tsouic Language codes Linguasphere

North Sea Germanic (7,053 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the shared features of North Sea Germanic are inherited from a common proto-language or formed via later contact and influence. Additionally, the membership

Nyima languages (93 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Nilo-Saharan? Eastern Sudanic Northern Eastern Nyima Proto-language Proto-Nyima Subdivisions Ama (Nyimang) Dinik (Afitti) Language codes

Chuukic languages (157 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Micronesian Micronesian Proper Nuclear Micronesian Chuukic–Pohnpeic Chuukic Proto-language Proto-Chuukic Language codes Glottolog truk1243 Map of the Micronesian

Reefs – Santa Cruz languages (619 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Temotu Reef Islands – Santa Cruz Proto-language Proto-Reefs – Santa Cruz (Proto-RSC) Subdivisions Äiwoo Nendi (Santa

Central Pacific languages (126 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Central–Eastern Oceanic Central Pacific Proto-language Proto-Central Pacific Subdivisions West Fijian – Rotuman East Fijian

Timoric languages (500 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Timor Linguistic classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Central–Eastern Timoric Proto-language Proto-Timoric Subdivisions (disputed) Language codes

Southeast Solomonic languages (291 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Central–Eastern Oceanic Southeast Solomonic Proto-language Proto-Southeast Solomonic Subdivisions Gela–Guadalcanal Malaita – San

Taman languages (102 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Chad, Sudan Linguistic classification Nilo-Saharan? Eastern Sudanic Northern Eastern Taman Proto-language Proto-Taman Language codes Glottolog tama1329

Malayo-Sumbawan languages (516 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Malayo-Sumbawan Proto-language Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan Subdivisions Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa Chamic Madurese

Epi languages (102 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Southern Oceanic North-Central Vanuatu Central Vanuatu Epi-Efate Epi Proto-language Proto-Epi Language codes Glottolog epii1237

Meso-Melanesian languages (275 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Western Oceanic Meso-Melanesian Proto-language Proto-Meso-Melanesian Language codes Glottolog meso1253

Ayere–Ahan languages (169 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Volta–Niger Ayere–Ahan Proto-language Proto-Ayere-Ahan Subdivisions Ayere Àhàn Language codes Glottolog ayer1244

Simon M. Kirby (624 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1(1):5-32. Kirby, S. and Hurford, J. (1995). Neural preconditions for proto-language. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 18(1):193-194. Kirby, S. (1994). Adaptive

Central Luzon languages (383 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Central Luzon Proto-language Proto-Central Luzon Subdivisions Kapampangan Sambalic Sinauna Language

Proto-Indo-European homeland (14,094 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Proto-Indo-European language (PIE), meaning it was the region where the proto-language was spoken before it split into the dialects from which the earliest

Southern Oceanic languages (578 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Central–Eastern Southern Oceanic Proto-language Proto-Southern Oceanic Subdivisions North-Central Vanuatu South Vanuatu

Sambalic languages (681 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Central Luzon Sambalic Proto-language Proto-Sambalic Subdivisions Abellen Ambala Bolinao Botolan Antsi (Mag-Antsi)

Mixtecan languages (467 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Robert E. Longacre and Calvin Rensch. The phonological system of the proto-language has nine consonants, four vowels, and four tones. The groups of consonants

Kartvelian languages (1,928 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and a Proto-Culture. 2 vols. Translated by Jakobson, Roman. Berlin /

Igboid languages (175 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Benue Linguistic classification Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Volta-Congo Volta-Niger Igboid Proto-language Proto-Igboid Language codes Glottolog igbo1258

Gorontalo–Mongondow languages (510 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Greater Central Philippine Gorontalo–Mongondow Proto-language Proto-Gorontalo–Mongondow Subdivisions Gorontalic Mongondowic Language

Eastern Jebel languages (365 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Nilo-Saharan? Eastern Sudanic? Southern Eastern? Eastern Jebel Proto-language Proto-Eastern Jebel Language codes Glottolog east2386 Map of the Eastern

Southern Bantu languages (218 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Atlantic–Congo Volta-Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Bantu Southern Bantu Proto-language Proto-Southern Bantu Language codes Glottolog sout3387

Central Philippine languages (836 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Malayo-Polynesian Philippine? Greater Central Philippine Central Philippine Proto-language Proto-Central Philippine Subdivisions Kasiguranin–Tagalog Bikol Mansakan

Ngero–Vitiaz languages (153 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Western Oceanic North New Guinea Ngero–Vitiaz Proto-language Proto-Ngero–Vitiaz Language codes Glottolog nger1241

Ibero-Caucasian languages (271 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

10 million (2020) Linguistic classification Proposed language family Proto-language Proto-Caucasian language Subdivisions Northwest Caucasian Northeast

Celebic languages (438 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Indonesia Linguistic classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Celebic Proto-language Proto-Celebic Subdivisions Tomini–Tolitoli Kaili–Pamona Wotu–Wolio Saluan–Banggai

Chamic languages (685 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

disputed: Malayo-Sumbawan or Greater North Borneo Malayo-Chamic Chamic Proto-language Proto-Chamic Subdivisions Acehnese Coastal (Cham) Highlands (Cham) Language

Yoruboid languages (468 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Atlantic–Congo Volta–Niger YEAI Yoruboid Early form Undifferentiated Ede-Igala Proto-language Proto-Yoruboid language Subdivisions Igala Edekiri Language codes Glottolog

Chʼolan languages (807 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Western Ch’olan, and so ancestor of Ch’ol and Chontal, or (iv) the proto-language of exactly one of the Ch’olan languages, and so ancestor of one such

Pan (651 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sound field Panning (camera), swivelling Proto-Austronesian language, a proto-language commonly abbreviated PAN or PAn Punjabi language, ISO 639-3 code "pan"

Ongan languages (851 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification One of the world's primary language families Proto-language Proto-Ongan Subdivisions Önge Jarawa ?Jangil † ?Sentinelese Language

Agaw languages (344 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Ethnicity Agaw Linguistic classification Afro-Asiatic Cushitic Agaw Proto-language Proto-Agaw Subdivisions Southern Eastern Northern Western Language codes

Avar–Andic languages (220 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distribution Dagestan Linguistic classification Northeast Caucasian Avar–Andic Proto-language Proto-Avar-Andic Subdivisions Andic Avar Language codes Glottolog None

Lezgic languages (229 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Dagestan Azerbaijan Linguistic classification Northeast Caucasian Lezgic Proto-language Proto-Lezgic language Subdivisions Archi (Peripheral Lezgic) Samur (Nuclear

Bikol languages (753 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Greater Central Philippine Central Philippine Bikol Proto-language Proto-Bikol Subdivisions Coastal Bikol Inland Bikol Pandan Bikol Language

Cenderawasih languages (177 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Malayo-Polynesian South Halmahera–West New Guinea Cenderawasih Bay Proto-language Proto-Cenderawasih Bay Subdivisions Biakic Yapen Southwestern Language

Daju languages (408 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Daju people Linguistic classification Nilo-Saharan? Eastern Sudanic? Southern Eastern? Daju Proto-language Proto-Daju Language codes Glottolog daju1249

Yaygirr (449 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

closely related to Gumbaynggir, both of which split from the same proto-language, though in developing their differences, their lexical cognate count

Northeast Bantu languages (214 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Volta-Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Bantu Northeast Bantu Proto-language Proto-Northeast Bantu Language codes Glottolog nort3203 nyat1247 (Nyaturu–Nilamba)

Bamileke languages (127 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Southern Bantoid Grassfields Eastern Grassfields Mbam-Nkam Bamileke Proto-language Proto-Bamileke Subdivisions Eastern Bamileke Western Bamileke Language

Gbaya languages (414 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Volta-Congo Savannas Gbaya Proto-language Proto-Gbaya Language codes ISO 639-2 / 5 gba Glottolog gbay1279

Karto-Zan languages (171 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Caucasus, Anatolia, Israel Linguistic classification Kartvelian Karto-Zan Proto-language Proto-Georgian–Zan Subdivisions Georgian Zan Language codes Glottolog

Andic languages (80 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Geographic distribution Dagestan Linguistic classification Northeast Caucasian Avar–Andic Andic Proto-language Proto-Andic Language codes Glottolog andi1254

Saale (804 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text. Part II: Bibliography, Indexes

South Sulawesi languages (658 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian South Sulawesi Proto-language Proto-South Sulawesi Subdivisions Bugis–Tamanic Makassar Lemolang Seko

Kei–Tanimbar languages (171 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian (MP) Central–Eastern MP Kei–Tanimbar Proto-language Proto-Kei–Tanimbar Language codes Glottolog keit1238

Papuan Tip languages (327 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Western Oceanic Papuan Tip Proto-language Proto-Papuan Tip Subdivisions Nuclear Papuan Tip Suauic North Mainland

Ga–Dangme languages (126 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Volta-Congo Kwa Ga–Dangme Proto-language Proto-Ga-Dangme Subdivisions Ga Adangme Language codes Glottolog gada1257

Markham languages (309 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Western Oceanic North New Guinea ? Ngero–Vitiaz ? Huon Gulf Markham Proto-language Proto-Markham Language codes Glottolog mark1257

Agglutinative language (1,177 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Ural-Altaic proffers that there is a genetic relationship with this proto-language as seen in Finnish, Mongolian and Turkish, and occasionally as well

Muna–Buton languages (335 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Celebic Muna–Buton Proto-language Proto-Muna-Buton Subdivisions Nuclear Muna–Buton Tukang Besi–Bonerate

Dizoid languages (174 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distribution Ethiopia Linguistic classification Afro-Asiatic Omotic Dizoid Proto-language Proto-Maji Subdivisions Dizi Sheko Nayi Language codes Glottolog dizo1235

Batak languages (620 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands Batak Proto-language Proto-Batak Subdivisions Northern Batak Southern Batak Language codes

Elbe Germanic (490 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Elbe Germanic Proto-language Proto-Elbe Germanic Subdivisions High German Language codes The distribution

Chadic languages (997 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Niger, Chad, Cameroon Linguistic classification Afro-Asiatic Chadic Proto-language Proto-Chadic Subdivisions Biu–Mandara East Chadic Masa West Chadic Language

Tolomako language (632 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

nobody. Tolomako proper is characterized by having dentals where the proto-language had labials before front vowels. It shares this feature with Sakao,

Huastecan languages (130 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Veracruz, San Luis Potosí Linguistic classification Mayan Huastecan Proto-language Proto–Huastecan Subdivisions Huastec Chikomuseltek † ?Epi-Olmec † Language

Mbam languages (43 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Volta-Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Bantu Mbam-Bube-Jarawan Mbam Proto-language Proto-Mbam Language codes Glottolog mbam1252 (Mbam) The Mbam languages

Ashvamedha (4,056 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text. Part II: Bibliography, Indexes

Great Lakes Bantu languages (411 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Bantu Northeast Bantu Great Lakes Bantu Proto-language Proto-Great Lakes Bantu Subdivisions East Nyanza Greater Luyia Gungu

Sarmi–Jayapura languages (273 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Western Oceanic North New Guinea ? Sarmi-Jayapura Proto-language Proto-Sarmi–Jayapura Language codes Glottolog sarm1241

Southern Bantoid languages (386 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Volta–Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Proto-language Proto-Southern Bantoid Subdivisions Bendi Tivoid East Beboid Fang language

Itelmen language (1,701 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

According to the first theory, Itelmen and Chukotkan descend from a common proto-language; the sharp differences of Itelmen, noticed at all levels, are explained

Yapen languages (Austronesian) (178 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Central–Eastern South Halmahera–West New Guinea Cenderawasih Bay Yapen Proto-language Proto-Yapen Subdivisions Central–Western Eastern Language codes Glottolog

Malayo-Polynesian languages (1,539 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Madagascar Linguistic classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Proto-language Proto-Malayo-Polynesian Subdivisions Barito Celebic Central–Eastern

Word of God (186 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"thing" in Hebrew Divine language, the concept of a mystical or divine proto-language, which predates and supersedes human speech Word of God (community)

Finnic languages (3,027 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the East Finnish dialects as well as Ingrian, Karelian and Veps; the proto-language of these was likely spoken in the vicinity of Lake Ladoga. The Western

Sawi language (Dardic) (785 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Henrik (2009). "The Dangari Tongue of Choke and Machoke: Tracing the proto-language of Shina enclaves in the Hindu Kush". Acta Orientalia (70): 7–62. Liljegren

Subanen languages (373 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Greater Central Philippine Subanen Proto-language Proto-Subanen Subdivisions Central Subanen Eastern Subanen Northern

North Bauchi languages (182 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification Afro-Asiatic Chadic West Chadic North Bauchi Proto-language Proto-North Bauchi Language codes Glottolog west2712 West Chadic per

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages (450 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands Proto-language Proto-Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands (Proto-Sumatran) Language codes

Malakula languages (348 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Southern Oceanic North-Central Vanuatu Central Vanuatu Malakula Proto-language Proto-Malakula Language codes Glottolog mala1539

Erromanga language (1,829 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

lies in the status of the mid central vowel, which was present in the proto-language. This vowel is not present in Anejom̃, while it is in the Tanna languages

Graeco-Phrygian (1,027 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and Cyprus Linguistic classification Indo-European Graeco-Phrygian Proto-language Proto-Graeco-Phrygian Subdivisions Hellenic Phrygian † Language codes

Cangin languages (191 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo (Senegambian) Cangin Proto-language Proto-Cangin Subdivisions Saafi-Saafi Lehar–Noon Palor–Ndut Language

Abazgi languages (118 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distribution Caucasus Linguistic classification Northwest Caucasian Abazgi Proto-language Proto-Abkhaz-Abaza Subdivisions Abaza Abkhaz Language codes Glottolog

Grassfields languages (393 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Atlantic–Congo Volta–Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Grassfields Proto-language Proto-Grassfields Subdivisions Narrow Grassfields Ambele Menchum Language

Danao languages (213 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Greater Central Philippine Danao Proto-language Proto-Danao Language codes Glottolog dana1253 Geographic extent of Danao

South Halmahera languages (347 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Halmahera–West New Guinea Raja Ampat–South Halmahera South Halmahera Proto-language Proto-South Halmahera Subdivisions Gebe Central-Eastern Southern Language

PCP (469 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

gun Purple City Productions, a US rap group Proto-Central Pacific, a proto-language "Faster/P.C.P.", a single by Manic Street Preachers, from their 1994

Latino-Faliscan languages (848 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Africa Linguistic classification Indo-European Italic Latino-Faliscan Proto-language Proto-Latino-Faliscan Subdivisions Latin (including Romance languages)

Nguni languages (767 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Volta-Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Bantu Southern Bantu Nguni Proto-language Proto-Nguni Subdivisions Zunda languages Tekela languages Language codes

PS (698 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Pashto language (ISO 639:ps) Proto-Semitic language, a hypothesized proto-language The sound of Greek letter psi (ψ) Palau (FIPS PUB 10-4 territory code

Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages (860 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification One of the world's primary language families Proto-language Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan Subdivisions Chukotkan Kamchatkan Language

Languages constructed by Tolkien (4,100 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of languages related by descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language. Externally, in Tolkien's life, he constructed the family from around

Siouan languages (1,444 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Siouan languages by tracing them back to multiple stop series in the proto-language. Previous analysis posited only a single stop series. Many of the consonant

Aromanian language (3,975 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Istro-Romanian language, and Megleno-Romanian language are descendants of a proto-language called Common Romanian, itself descending from the Proto-Romance language

Northwest Solomonic languages (376 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Meso-Melanesian New Ireland – Northwest Solomonic St George linkage Northwest Solomonic Proto-language Proto-Northwest Solomonic Language codes Glottolog nort3225

Tivoid languages (336 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Atlantic–Congo Volta-Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Tivoid Proto-language Proto-Tivoid Language codes Glottolog tivo1239 The Tivoid languages

Northern Eastern Sudanic languages (363 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Nilo-Saharan? Eastern Sudanic Northern Eastern Sudanic Proto-language Proto-Northern Eastern Sudanic Subdivisions Nubian Nara Taman Nyima

Thraco-Illyrian (1,242 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distribution Balkans Linguistic classification Indo-European Thraco-Illyrian Proto-language Proto-Thraco-Illyrian Subdivisions Daco-Thracian Illyrian Language codes

Raja Ampat–South Halmahera languages (466 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Malayo-Polynesian South Halmahera–West New Guinea Raja Ampat–South Halmahera Proto-language Proto-Raja Ampat–South Halmahera (Proto-RASH) Subdivisions Waigeo (Ambel)

Verb (2,562 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Adjectives Determiners Nouns Prepositions Pronouns Verbs Indo-European (proto-language) Uralic Finnish conjugation Hungarian Turkic Turkish Other European

Ural-Altaic languages (3,676 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

it is necessary to find cognate words that trace back to a common proto-language. Shared vocabulary alone does not show a relationship, as it may be

Nilotic languages (398 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Nilo-Saharan? Eastern Sudanic Southern Eastern Nilotic Proto-language Proto-Nilotic Subdivisions Eastern Southern Western Language codes Glottolog

PUA (193 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

English cities Proto-Uto-Aztecan language, hypothesised reconstructed proto-language for the Uto-Aztecan language family Pua, Moana's pig in Moana Pua District

Formosan languages (1,562 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Aborigines (Formosan people) Linguistic classification Austronesian Formosan Proto-language Proto-Austronesian Subdivisions East Formosan Northwest Formosan Western

Maban languages (464 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Republic Linguistic classification Nilo-Saharan? (unclassified) Maban Proto-language Proto-Maban Subdivisions Mimi-N † Kenjeje Mabang Masalit–Surbakhal Aiki

Bisayan languages (945 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Greater Central Philippine Central Philippine Bisayan Proto-language Proto-Bisayan Subdivisions Asi Cebuan Central Bisayan West Bisayan South

Uralic languages (7,620 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Languages. Leiden: Brill. pp. 451–477. Décsy, Gyula (1990). The Uralic Proto-Language: A comprehensive reconstruction. Bloomington, IN.{{cite book}}: CS1

Hurro-Urartian languages (2,322 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification One of the world's primary language families Proto-language Proto-Hurro-Urartian Subdivisions Hurrian Urartian ? Subarian ? Kassite

Yucatecan languages (528 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cited 1990–2006) Linguistic classification Mayan Core Mayan Yucatecan Proto-language Proto-Yucatecan Subdivisions Mopan–Itzaj Yucatec–Lacandon Language codes

Northern Bantoid languages (222 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Volta-Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Northern Bantoid Proto-language Proto-Northern Bantoid Subdivisions Mambiloid Dakoid Tikar Language

Samoyedic languages (1,382 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distribution Northern Eurasia Linguistic classification Uralic Samoyedic Proto-language Proto-Samoyedic Subdivisions Nganasan Mator † Core Samoyedic • Enets-Nenets

South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages (1,103 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Malayo-Polynesian Eastern Malayo-Polynesian South Halmahera–West New Guinea Proto-language Proto-South Halmahera–West New Guinea (Proto-SHWNG) Subdivisions Tandia

Dargin languages (607 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

000 (2020 census) Linguistic classification Northeast Caucasian Dargin Proto-language Proto-Dargwa Subdivisions North-Central Kajtak-Shari Southern Chirag

Central Sudanic languages (474 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

15 million Linguistic classification Nilo-Saharan? Central Sudanic Proto-language Proto-Central Sudanic Subdivisions Bongo–Bagirmi Mangbetu–Asoa Mangbutu–Lese

Niger–Congo languages (7,265 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Wayback Machine (Guillaume Segerer 2005, LLACAN) Swadesh lists of African proto-language reconstructions Archived 2021-08-08 at the Wayback Machine (Guillaume

Southwestern Brittonic languages (322 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Indo-European Celtic Insular Celtic Brittonic Southwestern Brittonic Proto-language Proto-Southwestern Brittonic Subdivisions Breton Cornish Language codes

Pontic (230 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Caucasian and Indo-European languages, and Proto-Pontic, the Pontic proto-language, is the reconstructed common ancestor of Proto-Northwest Caucasian and

Cerrado languages (413 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Grosso do Sul, São Paulo Linguistic classification Macro-Jê Jê Cerrado Proto-language Proto-Cerrado Subdivisions Jê of Goyaz Akuwẽ (Central Jê) Language codes

Austronesian languages (7,244 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification One of the world's primary language families Proto-language Proto-Austronesian Subdivisions Atayalic Bunun East Formosan Malayo-Polynesian

ISO 639-3 (3,214 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

languages. Linguist List assigned one of them a generic value: qnp, unnamed proto-language. This was used for proposed intermediate nodes in a family tree that

Northern Ryukyuan languages (1,174 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Japan) Linguistic classification Japonic Ryukyuan Northern Ryukyuan Proto-language Proto-Northern Ryukyuan Subdivisions Amami Kunigami Central Okinawan

Aquitanian language (1,198 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Basque are sister languages representing two branches of the original proto-language." Hualde 2021, p. 21: "The Aquitanian(-Vasconic) names show an evident

Warg (2,016 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

fiction, from First Age werewolves like Carcharoth, with their own "proto-language". In the context of the tabletop game Dungeons & Dragons, "wargs" first

Sabaki languages (215 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Bantu Northeast Bantu Northeast Coast Bantu Sabaki Proto-language Proto-Sabaki Language codes Glottolog coas1317

Mande languages (1,648 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Ethnicity Mandé peoples Linguistic classification Niger–Congo? Mande Proto-language Proto-Mande Subdivisions Western Mande Eastern Mande Language codes

Polynesian languages (2,371 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Central Pacific East Central Pacific Polynesian Proto-language Proto-Polynesian Subdivisions Tongic Nuclear Polynesian Language codes

Pure verbs (682 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Adjectives Determiners Nouns Prepositions Pronouns Verbs Indo-European (proto-language) Uralic Finnish conjugation Hungarian Turkic Turkish Other European

Catalan conjugation (19 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Adjectives Determiners Nouns Prepositions Pronouns Verbs Indo-European (proto-language) Uralic Finnish conjugation Hungarian Turkic Turkish Other European

PBS (disambiguation) (347 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

American comic strip. Proto-Balto-Slavic, a reconstructed hypothetical proto-language. Prune belly syndrome. PBS13, a violent street gang in Los Angeles,

Northwest Caucasian languages (1,583 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification One of the world's primary language families Proto-language Proto-Northwest Caucasian Subdivisions Abazgi Circassian Ubykh † Language

PBS (disambiguation) (347 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

American comic strip. Proto-Balto-Slavic, a reconstructed hypothetical proto-language. Prune belly syndrome. PBS13, a violent street gang in Los Angeles,

Northwest Caucasian languages (1,583 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification One of the world's primary language families Proto-language Proto-Northwest Caucasian Subdivisions Abazgi Circassian Ubykh † Language

Surmic languages (1,272 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Sudan Linguistic classification Nilo-Saharan? Eastern Sudanic? Southern Eastern? Surmic Proto-language Proto-Surmic Language codes Glottolog surm1244

Assamese language (8,318 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(supportive), [MI 70] (supportive)—which provide some evidence for a proto-language which may be termed proto Gauḍa-Kamrupa." (Toulmin 2009:213) "However

PWC (178 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Virginia, US Proto-West Caucasian, sometimes used for the reconstructed proto-language of the Northwest Caucasian languages PWC, a catalogue of the musical

New Caledonian languages (226 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Southern Oceanic New Caledonian Proto-language Proto-New Caledonian Language codes Glottolog newc1243

Edoid languages (668 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Volta–Congo Volta–Niger YEAI Akpes–Edoid Edoid Proto-language Proto-Edoid Subdivisions Delta North-Central Northwestern Southwestern

Ugric languages (1,546 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

irregularity in sound correspondences to be derived from a common Ugric proto-language, and may have been borrowed independently into Hungarian and Ob-Ugric

Biu–Mandara languages (652 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classifies Central Chadic as follows, as part of a reconstruction of the proto-language. Letters and numbers in parentheses correspond to branches in previous

Songhay languages (1,884 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Algeria) Ethnicity Songhai Linguistic classification Nilo-Saharan? Songhay Proto-language Proto-Songhay Subdivisions Northern Southern Language codes ISO 639-2

Koman languages (526 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

figure of 50,000) Linguistic classification Nilo-Saharan? Komuz? Koman Proto-language Proto-Koman Subdivisions Uduk Kwama Komo Opo Dana Gule? Language codes

Aryan (10,796 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sometimes used to designate the prehistoric Indo-Iranian peoples and their proto-language. However, the use of 'Aryan' to mean 'Proto-Indo-European' is now regarded

South Bauchi languages (690 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Nigeria Linguistic classification Afro-Asiatic Chadic West South Bauchi Proto-language Proto-South Bauchi Language codes Glottolog west2800 West Chadic per

Philippine languages (1,798 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Proto-language Proto-Philippine (disputed) Subdivisions Batanic Northern Luzon Central

Cushitic languages (3,494 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Africa, East Africa Linguistic classification Afro-Asiatic Cushitic Proto-language Proto-Cushitic Subdivisions North Central East South ? Dahalo Language

Penutian languages (2,131 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

borrowing that occurred among neighboring peoples, not of a shared proto-language in the distant past. Mary Haas states the following regarding this borrowing:

Horse sacrifice (1,873 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text. Part II: Bibliography, Indexes

Khagan (3,152 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that the origin for the word qan is not found in any reconstructed proto-language and was used widely by Turkic, Mongolic, Chinese and Korean people with

Kismet (robot) (646 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Kismet is not conscious, so it does not have feelings. Kismet speaks a proto-language with a variety of phonemes, similar to a baby's babbling. It uses the

Malayic languages (1,438 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

disputed: Malayo-Sumbawan or Greater North Borneo Malayo-Chamic Malayic Proto-language Proto-Malayic Subdivisions (disputed) Language codes Glottolog mala1538

Sámi languages (2,933 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

speakers (30,000 cited 1992–2013) Linguistic classification Uralic Sámi Proto-language Proto-Sámi Subdivisions Eastern • Mainland • Peninsular Western

West Nyanza languages (324 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Southern Bantoid Bantu Northeast Bantu Great Lakes Bantu West Nyanza Proto-language Proto-West Nyanza Subdivisions Rutara North Nyanza Language codes Glottolog

Kordofanian languages (1,171 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Proto-language eye bone egg tooth ear tongue head I thou Proto-Heiban *=ey *=uya *=ɛɲɔ(ŋ) *=iŋa-t̪ *=ɛːni *=ŋɛla *=da *(i)ɲ=i *(u)ŋ=a Proto-Talodi *=igi

Central–Eastern Oceanic languages (113 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Central–Eastern Oceanic Proto-language Proto-Central–Eastern Oceanic Subdivisions Southeast Solomonic Southern

Perun (2,951 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and a Proto-Culture. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 575. ISBN 3-11-009646-3

Vyacheslav Ivanov (philologist) (1,015 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

and the Indo-Europeans: A reconstruction and historical analysis of a proto-language and a proto-culture. 2 vols. Trans. J. Nichols. Berlin–New York: Mouton

Barry Blake (777 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

verb pronominal prefix forms may well have descended from a single proto-language, with a distinct set of proto-pronouns, the implication being that there

Freising manuscripts (723 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Ronald O. (2003). The Pannonian Slavic Dialect of the Common Slavic Proto-language: The View from Old Hungarian. Los Angeles: University of California

Circassian languages (1,614 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Cherkesogai Linguistic classification Northwest Caucasian Circassian Proto-language Proto-Circassian Subdivisions Adyghe Kabardian Language codes Glottolog

Indo-European ablaut (3,513 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

terms) requires an understanding of the grammar of the reconstructed proto-language. Ablaut is the oldest and most extensive single source of vowel gradation

Uto-Aztecan languages (3,332 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification One of the world's primary language families Proto-language Proto-Uto-Aztecan Subdivisions Cahitan Corachol Cupan † Hopi Nahuan

Slavs in Lower Pannonia (5,116 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Ronald O. (2003). The Pannonian Slavic Dialect of the Common Slavic Proto-language: The View from Old Hungarian. Los Angeles: University of California

Proto-Indo-European mythology (17,194 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Scandinavian mythology. "Classic" is defined by David W. Anthony as the proto-language spoken after the Anatolian split, and "Archaic" as the common ancestor

Rutara languages (276 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Bantoid Bantu Northeast Bantu Great Lakes Bantu West Nyanza Rutara Proto-language Proto-Rutara Subdivisions North Rutara South Rutara Kerewe Zinza Language

Kamarupi Prakrit (1,487 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Prakrit corresponds to ?proto-Kamarupa here, a hitherto un-reconstructed proto-language. The period corresponds to earlier than 1250 CE, when proto-Kamata began

Somali languages (1,585 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Afro-Asiatic Cushitic Lowland East Macro-Somali Somali Proto-language Proto-Somali Subdivisions Ashraf Benadiri Maay Maay Northern Somali

Manenguba languages (2,921 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

vowels (though these are believed to derive from seven vowels in the proto-language): /i e ɛ a ə ɔ o u/ All the vowels can be both long or short, although

Language (16,424 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

scholars assume the development of primitive language-like systems (proto-language) as early as Homo habilis (2.3 million years ago) while others place

Kutenai language (2,800 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

laterals. Nez Perce has /ts/, believed to be the lateral affricate in the proto-language. Nez Perce, like Kutenai, lies in the eastern periphery of the Northwest

Chuvash people (3,934 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

see Chuvash as originating not from Proto-Turkic, but from another proto-language spoken at the time of Proto-Turkic (in which case Chuvash and all the

Pannonian Avars (12,339 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mobility", with no ethnogenetic "point zero", theoretical "proto-people" or proto-language.[page needed] Moreover, Avar identity was strongly linked to Avar political

Omotic languages (2,152 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

speakers 7.9 million Linguistic classification Afro-Asiatic Omotic Proto-language Proto-Omotic Subdivisions North Omotic South Omotic Language codes ISO

Bantu languages (5,108 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Atlantic–Congo Volta–Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Bantu Proto-language Proto-Bantu Subdivisions Zones A–S (geographic) Mbam–Bube Manenguba

Chʼoltiʼ language (784 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Western Ch’olan, and so ancestor of Ch’ol and Chontal, or (iv) the proto-language of exactly one of the Ch’olan languages, and so ancestor of one such

Uralo-Siberian languages (1,848 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

also belongs to Uralo-Siberian. This would make Uralo-Siberian the proto-language of a much vaster language family. Kortlandt (2006:3) considers that

Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze (706 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and the Indo-Europeans: A reconstruction and historical analysis of a proto-language and a proto-culture. 2 vols. Trans. J. Nichols. Berlin–New York: Mouton

Bongo–Bagirmi languages (1,059 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Linguistic classification Nilo-Saharan? Central Sudanic Bongo–Bagirmi Proto-language Proto-Sara-Bongo-Bagirmi Subdivisions Bongo–Baka Kara Bagirmi Sara Doba

Palula language (1,551 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Henrik (2009). "The Dangari Tongue of Choke and Machoke: Tracing the proto-language of Shina enclaves in the Hindu Kush". Acta Orientalia. 70: 7–62. Liljegren

Old English subjunctive (579 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

back to its origins in the Indo-European proto-language (i.e. the reconstructed hypothetical proto-language that is deemed to be the parent of many language

North-Central Vanuatu languages (249 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

New Caledonia. It was proposed by Ross Clark, who reconstructed the proto-language of the entire group, viewed here as an early, mutually-intelligible

Euphrates (7,228 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture, Walter de Gruyter, p. 616, ISBN 9783110815030, archived

Eastern Wu (3,600 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Jiankang, today's Nanjing. In the end, proto-Wu emerged as the unified proto-language from which every contemporary Wu language is spoken. Wu dialects have

North Germanic languages (5,533 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Indo-European Germanic Northwest Germanic North Germanic Proto-language Proto-Norse Subdivisions West Scandinavian East Scandinavian Language

Finns (6,850 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Finland is debated.[citation needed] It is thought that Proto-Finnic (the proto-language of the Finnic languages) was not spoken in modern Finland, because the

History of Greek (3,697 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 31-108-1503-6

Snake (15,035 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Walter de Gruyter. p. 193. ISBN 9783110815030. "Serpentes"

Thracian language (3,349 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

insolent' and consequently may not even be reconstructable to its own proto-language as there are no external or internal comparanda. It may be onomatopoetic

Swastika (18,222 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

universe.: 54 List's 1914 Die Ursprache der Ario-Germanen (lit. 'The Proto-Language of the Ario-Germans') adopted the geological ideas of theosophist William

Hmong people (9,531 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

OCLC 693776855. Ratliff, Martha. "Vocabulary of Environment and Subsistence in Proto-language," p. 160. Wen, Bo; Li, Hui; Gao, Song; Mao, Xianyun; Gao, Yang; Li,

David Aberle (1,090 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Aberle defines the focus of his study on kinship systems in relation to proto-language which could have existed as far back as 1500 years in Western Canada

Acehnese people (3,394 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

languages and had already been borrowed in the Proto-Chamic, the ancestral proto-language of all Chamic languages. Other Mon-Khmer loanwords are only found in

Armenian hypothesis (2,811 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture, Moutin de Gruyter, ISBN 9783110815030 Gamkrelidze

Homo erectus (8,033 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

technological innovation, H. erectus may have been using some basic proto-language in combination with gesturing, and built the basic framework around

Germanic verbs (2,968 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Adjectives Determiners Nouns Prepositions Pronouns Verbs Indo-European (proto-language) Uralic Finnish conjugation Hungarian Turkic Turkish Other European

Proto-Indo-Europeans (6,404 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to designate the group of speakers associated with the reconstructed proto-language and culture, the term "Indo-Europeans" may refer to any historical people

English personal pronouns (2,749 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Adjectives Determiners Nouns Prepositions Pronouns Verbs Indo-European (proto-language) other European Circassian Japonic Japanese Sino-Tibetan Burmese Cantonese

Ryukyuan languages (4,612 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Ethnicity Ryukyuan Linguistic classification Japonic Insular Ryukyuan Proto-language Proto-Ryukyuan Subdivisions Northern Ryukyuan Southern Ryukyuan Language

Kuliak languages (922 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

northeastern Uganda Linguistic classification Nilo-Saharan? Kuliak Proto-language Proto-Kuliak Subdivisions Ik Nyang'i–Soo Language codes Glottolog kuli1252

Macedonian pronouns (363 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Adjectives Determiners Nouns Prepositions Pronouns Verbs Indo-European (proto-language) other European Circassian Japonic Japanese Sino-Tibetan Burmese Cantonese

Romanian verbs (865 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Adjectives Determiners Nouns Prepositions Pronouns Verbs Indo-European (proto-language) Uralic Finnish conjugation Hungarian Turkic Turkish Other European

German pronouns (1,459 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Adjectives Determiners Nouns Prepositions Pronouns Verbs Indo-European (proto-language) other European Circassian Japonic Japanese Sino-Tibetan Burmese Cantonese

Tolkāppiyam (3,878 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

articulatory descriptions in Tolkappiyam are incomplete, indicative of a proto-language. It does not, for example, distinguish between retroflex and non-retroflex

William Wotton (1,403 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

relationship between languages introducing the concept of an early proto-language by relating Icelandic, the Romance languages and Greek. This pre-dated

Behavioral modernity (5,979 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

gene hypothesis, cognitive scientist Philip Lieberman has argued that proto-language behaviour existed prior to 50,000 BP, albeit in a more primitive form

Japanese irregular verbs (2,671 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Adjectives Determiners Nouns Prepositions Pronouns Verbs Indo-European (proto-language) Uralic Finnish conjugation Hungarian Turkic Turkish Other European

Spanish pronouns (2,521 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Adjectives Determiners Nouns Prepositions Pronouns Verbs Indo-European (proto-language) other European Circassian Japonic Japanese Sino-Tibetan Burmese Cantonese

Kama culture (796 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ISBN 978-0-415-91977-7. Парпола, Аско (2022-04-29). "Location of the Uralic proto-language in the Kama River Valley and the Uralic speakers' Expansion east and

Berber languages (10,438 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

diaspora Ethnicity Berbers Linguistic classification Afro-Asiatic Berber Proto-language Proto-Berber Subdivisions Northern Western Tuareg Eastern ? Numidian

Brittonic languages (4,661 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Indo-European Celtic Nuclear Celtic Insular Celtic Brittonic Proto-language Common Brittonic Subdivisions Western Brittonic Southwestern Brittonic

Inuit languages (3,862 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

speakers est. 100,000 Linguistic classification Eskaleut Eskimo Inuit Proto-language Proto-Inuit Subdivisions Iñupiaq (Inupiatun/Inupiat) Inuvialuktun (Western

Totonacan languages (4,157 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distribution Mexico Linguistic classification Totozoquean ? Totonacan Proto-language Proto-Totonacan Subdivisions Tepehua Totonac Language codes Glottolog

Defoid languages (220 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

classification Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Volta–Congo Benue-Congo Defoid Proto-language Proto-Defoid Subdivisions Yoruboid Akoko Ayere-Ahan Language codes Glottolog

Proto-Indo-European verbs (7,787 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

inflectional morphology, which was still incomplete at the time of the proto-language. There were a variety of means by which new verbs could be derived from

Romance languages (16,536 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Latino-Faliscan Latinic Romance Early forms Old Latin Vulgar Latin Proto-language Proto-Romance Subdivisions Italo-Western Eastern Romance Southern Romance

Sanskrit (28,034 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text. Part II: Bibliography, Indexes

Divine Word (166 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"divine word" Divine language, the concept of a mystical or divine proto-language, which predates and supersedes human speech The Society of the Divine

Scanian dialect (3,365 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that all languages and dialects which have developed from "a Nordic proto-language", regardless of how independent their development has been from Swedish

Vulgar Latin (8,509 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Proto-Romance Proto-Romance language Common Romanian, reconstructed proto-language Daco-Roman culture (not language) Thraco-Roman culture (not language)

Jalapa Mazatec (943 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to produce creaky vowels, but creaky vowels already existed in the proto-language. Jalapa also has a phonemic distinction of unclear nature that has been

Semitic languages (11,167 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Horn of Africa, Malta Linguistic classification Afro-Asiatic Semitic Proto-language Proto-Semitic Subdivisions East Semitic † West Semitic Language codes

Manam language (5,706 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

shows a three-way distinction in its demonstratives. The reconstructed proto language Proto-Oceanic (POc), from which the Schouten family is descended, was