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searching for Null hypothesis 203 found (451 total)

Kruskal–Wallis test (2,324 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distribution for all groups, except for any difference in medians, then the null hypothesis is that the medians of all groups are equal, and the alternative hypothesis

Wilcoxon signed-rank test (6,439 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

-value by comparing T {\displaystyle T} to its distribution under the null hypothesis. The ranks are defined so that R i {\displaystyle R_{i}} is the number

Pearson's chi-squared test (5,749 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

categories. They satisfy ∑ i O i = N {\displaystyle \sum _{i}O_{i}=N} . The null hypothesis is that the count numbers are sampled from a multinomial distribution

Cooperativity (1,951 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

statistically underrepresented relative to a hypothetical standard system (null hypothesis) where the steps occur independently of each other. Likewise, a definition

Fisher's method (1,480 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

statistics, usually from separate studies having the same null hypothesis. The meta-analysis null hypothesis is that all of the separate null hypotheses are true

Unit root test (366 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

time series variable is non-stationary and possesses a unit root. The null hypothesis is generally defined as the presence of a unit root and the alternative

Bias (statistics) (2,064 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Type I error happens when the null hypothesis is correct but is rejected. For instance, suppose that the null hypothesis is that if the average driving

Spurious relationship (1,828 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

occurred in less than (say) 5% of data samples if the null hypothesis were true. While a true null hypothesis will be accepted 95% of the time, the other 5%

Political Studies Review (122 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

including: original research articles, review articles, early results, the null hypothesis, and symposia and new ideas in the field of political science and international

Tukey's test of additivity (753 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

test statistic proposed by Tukey has one degree of freedom under the null hypothesis, hence this is often called "Tukey's one-degree-of-freedom test." The

Dichotomous thinking (498 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

discontinuity in the possible values that a p-value can take during null hypothesis significance testing: it is either above the significance threshold

ALCAT test (494 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for those with irritable bowel syndrome "These findings reject the null hypothesis and show that a diet guided by leucocyte activation testing results

Sargan–Hansen test (358 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cross-product of the residuals and exogenous variables.: 132–33 Under the null hypothesis that the over-identifying restrictions are valid, the statistic is

Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics (930 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

T_{i}}}},} The null hypothesis is that there is no association between the treatment and the outcome. More precisely, the null hypothesis is H 0 : R = 1

P-rep (594 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Whereas a p-value is the probability of obtaining a result under the null hypothesis, p-rep purports to compute the probability of replicating an effect

Cochran's Q test (727 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

used to test the null hypothesis that all questions were equally likely to elicit the answer "Yes". Cochran's Q test is Null hypothesis (H0): the treatments

Experimental design diagram (84 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of an experiment. It includes a title, the research hypothesis and null hypothesis, the independent variable, the levels of the independent variable,

T-statistic (1,496 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

is used in a t-test to determine whether to support or reject the null hypothesis. It is very similar to the z-score but with the difference that t-statistic

Omnibus test (6,180 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The F statistic is distributed F(k-1,n-k),(α) under assumption of null hypothesis and normality assumption. F test is considered robust in some situations

Rejecta Mathematica (288 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

by unconventional journals like Annals of Improbable Research, the Null Hypothesis: The Journal of Unlikely Science, the Journal of Irreproducible Results

Haybittle–Peto boundary (429 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

as extreme or more between the treatments is found, given that the null hypothesis is true, then the trial should be stopped early. The final analysis

Squared deviations from the mean (1,016 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

the population variance σ 2 {\displaystyle \sigma ^{2}} . Under the Null Hypothesis that the treatments have no effect, then each of the T i {\displaystyle

Johansen test (685 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

eigenvalue, and the inferences might be a little bit different. The null hypothesis for the trace test is that the number of cointegration vectors is r = r* < k

Raymond S. Nickerson (289 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Psychology: Applied. Topics he wrote about include: confirmation bias, null hypothesis significance testing, the exchange paradox the boy or girl paradox

Adaptationism (2,611 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Today, molecular evolutionists often cite neutral evolution as the null hypothesis in evolutionary studies, i.e., offering a direct contrast to the adaptationist

Main effect (1,279 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

main effect test will test the hypotheses expected such as H0, the null hypothesis. Running a hypothesis for a main effect will test whether there is

Asymptotic theory (statistics) (923 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

alternatives that are close to the null hypothesis, it is done within the so-called "local alternatives" framework: the null hypothesis is H0: θ = θ0 and the alternative

Codon Adaptation Index (412 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

number of codons' (Nc), which measure deviation from a uniform bias (null hypothesis), CAI measures the deviation of a given protein coding gene sequence

Neyman–Pearson lemma (2,804 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

errors. The trivial cases where one always rejects or accepts the null hypothesis are of little interest but it does prove that one must not relinquish

Levitation (physics) (1,163 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article

levitation, Yahoo! News". yahoo.com. "Levitation in Miniature, Null Hypothesis". null-hypothesis.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved

Foraging (4,527 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Their goal was to quantify and formalize a set of models to test their null hypothesis that animals forage randomly. Important contributions to foraging theory

Typical set (2,051 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

In information theory, the typical set is a set of sequences whose probability is close to two raised to the negative power of the entropy of their source

Geek Pop (1,180 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

inspired by science. In the first festival, hosted by the website Null Hypothesis: The Journal of Unlikely Science, attendees could only download a podcast

Location testing for Gaussian scale mixture distributions (643 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

t-distribution for Gaussian scale mixtures. This means that if we test the null hypothesis that the center of a Gaussian scale mixture distribution is 0, say

Lindley's paradox (2,230 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

θ {\displaystyle \theta } is 0.5 or some other value. That is, our null hypothesis is H 0 : θ = 0.5 , {\displaystyle H_{0}:\theta =0.5,} and the alternative

Homoscedasticity and heteroscedasticity (3,191 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

estimation, a researcher might fail to reject a null hypothesis at a given significance level, when that null hypothesis was actually uncharacteristic of the actual

JASP (1,104 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Equivalence T-Tests: Test the difference between two means with an interval-null hypothesis. JAGS: Implement Bayesian models with the JAGS program for Markov chain

Growth in a Time of Debt (2,015 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

growth has been elusive. A 2022 meta-analysis was unable to reject the null hypothesis after controlling for publication bias. In their critique of Reinhart

Contrast set learning (2,181 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

significantly different." The support calculation comes from testing a null hypothesis that the contrast set support is equal across all groups (i.e., that

Quantitative marketing research (1,367 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

called alpha error) the study results lead to the rejection of the null hypothesis even though it is actually true type II error (also called beta error)

Cointegration (1,731 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distributions under the null hypothesis of no-cointegration. Because of the spurious regression phenomenon under the null hypothesis, the distribution of

Mauchly's sphericity test (1,506 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

evaluate whether the sphericity assumption has been violated. The null hypothesis of sphericity and alternative hypothesis of non-sphericity in the above

F-distribution (2,271 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which the F-distribution most generally appears in F-tests: where the null hypothesis is that two independent normal variances are equal, and the observed

Odds ratio (7,058 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Under the null hypothesis that ψ = 1 , π = 1 / ( 1 + 1 ) = 0.5 {\displaystyle \psi =1,\pi =1/(1+1)=0.5} . Hence, we can test the null hypothesis that ψ =

Marketing research mix (1,326 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

it is "wrong" then we reject it. The first step is to formulate the null-hypothesis, abbreviated to Ho. This is usually intended to be rejected. Another

Resampling (statistics) (2,236 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

assuming the null hypothesis. Based on the resampled data it can be concluded how likely the original data is to occur under the null hypothesis. Bootstrapping

Probability interpretations (4,310 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

relying on the law of large numbers and characterized by what is called 'Null Hypothesis Significance Testing' (NHST). Also the word "objective", as applied

Error exponents in hypothesis testing (805 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

density function of each observation Y i {\displaystyle Y_{i}} under the null hypothesis H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} and let f 1 {\displaystyle f_{1}} denote

Two-proportion Z-test (2,072 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

construction of a z-test. The test involves two competing hypotheses: Null hypothesis (H0): The proportions in the two populations are equal, i.e., p 1 =

Bartlett's test (687 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to departures from normality. Bartlett's test is used to test the null hypothesis, H0 that all k population variances are equal against the alternative

Closed testing procedure (289 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

special case of a closed test procedure for which each intersection null hypothesis is tested using the simple Bonferroni test. As such, it controls the

Verification and validation of computer simulation models (2,364 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

α is small then rejecting the null hypothesis is a strong conclusion. For example, if α = 0.05 and the null hypothesis is rejected there is only a 0.05

Harmonic mean p-value (2,512 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{R}}}w_{i}}{\sum _{i\in {\mathcal {R}}}w_{i}/p_{i}}}.} Reject the null hypothesis that none of the p-values in subset R {\textstyle {\mathcal {R}}} are

Van der Waerden test (772 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the chi-squared distribution with k − 1 degrees of freedom. The null hypothesis is rejected if the test statistic is in the critical region. If the

Random walk hypothesis (1,496 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

evidence is the simple volatility-based specification test, which has a null hypothesis that states: X t = μ + X t − 1 + ϵ t {\displaystyle X_{t}=\mu +X_{t-1}+\epsilon

Chi-squared distribution (6,811 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

particular, simple LRTs commonly provide the highest power to reject the null hypothesis (Neyman–Pearson lemma) and this leads also to optimality properties

Collocation (1,319 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

is the probability of w 1 w 2 {\displaystyle w_{1}w_{2}} under the null-hypothesis that w 1 {\displaystyle w_{1}} and w 2 {\displaystyle w_{2}} appear

Evidence of absence (1,501 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

fatally flawed from the outset, since it is not possible to prove the null hypothesis, i.e. the absence of a memory trace. Eichenbaum, Howard. "Persistence:

Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Lab (854 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Books. pp. 81-82. ISBN 1-59102-164-2 Alcock, James. (2003). Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi Archived

NHST (42 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

NHST may refer to: NHST Media Group Null hypothesis significance testing This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title NHST. If an

Informant (statistics) (2,614 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

evaluated at a specific value of θ {\displaystyle \theta } (such as a null-hypothesis value), in which case the result is a statistic. Intuitively, if the

V-statistic (1,401 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cells and pi are the specified probabilities of the cells under the null hypothesis. The Cramér–von-Mises and Anderson–Darling goodness-of-fit statistics

Holm–Bonferroni method (2,442 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle i\in I_{o}} , since H i {\displaystyle H_{i}} is a true null hypothesis, we have that P ( { P i ≤ α m 0 } ) = α m 0 {\displaystyle P\left(\left\{P_{i}\leq

Knitr (445 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and the third sentence would be replaced to reflect rejection of the null hypothesis. Using this workflow allows creating new reports simply by supplying

Lack-of-fit test (67 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

In statistics, a lack-of-fit test is any of many tests of a null hypothesis that a proposed statistical model fits well. See: Goodness of fit Lack-of-fit

Park test (661 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

connection between the residuals and the regressors. We reject the null hypothesis of homoscedasticity and conclude that heteroscedasticity is present

Judith Rich Harris (1,394 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

I didn't fully believe it myself. I took an extreme position, the null hypothesis of zero parental influence, for the sake of scientific clarity. ..

Lady Macbeth effect (503 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

and Liljenquist (2006)" (PDF). Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis. 6: 21–30. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.214.2427. Earp, Brian D.; Everett, Jim

Multivariate Behrens–Fisher problem (1,770 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle X_{ij}} . The multivariate Behrens–Fisher problem is to test the null hypothesis H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} that the means are equal versus the alternative

Dream telepathy (1,459 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Consciousness Studies, 10: 85-109. Alcock, James. (2003). Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi. Journal

Ramsey RESET test (414 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

through γ k − 1 {\displaystyle ~\gamma _{k-1}} are zero. If the null-hypothesis that all γ {\displaystyle \gamma ~} coefficients are zero is rejected

Cascade effect (ecology) (719 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

of tree diversity on newly isolated tropical islands: A test of a null hypothesis and the implications. Evol. Ecol. 7:76-102. Dirzo, R. and A. Miranda

Pet psychic (753 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Crystal Ball Fails Psychic in MO. Kidnap Alcock, James. (2003). Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi. Journal

ANAIS-112 (3,696 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

fixed to 0 (for the null hypothesis) or left unconstrained, positive or negative (for the modulation hypothesis). The null hypothesis is well supported

George Gray (chemist) (803 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article

5–14. doi:10.1080/026782998207523. "George Gray: Liquid Perfection". Null Hypothesis. Retrieved 2 May 2010. "Applications of Liquid Crystals". Liquid Crystal

Yates's correction for continuity (463 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

frequency Ei = an expected (theoretical) frequency, asserted by the null hypothesis N = number of distinct events As a short-cut, for a 2 × 2 table with

Replication (statistics) (1,135 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

the probability that the observed data would occur by chance if the null hypothesis were true. In replication studies p-values help us determine whether

Center for Cerebrovascular Research (390 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). The goal of the project is to test the null hypothesis that treatment, by means of interventional procedures, surgery, or

Structural break (1,373 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

use to carry it out. (That is, we shall too frequently reject the null hypothesis that the parameters are the same in the subsamples.) We should be using

Hosmer–Lemeshow test (2,549 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

from the logistic regression. These are shown in the table below. The null hypothesis is that the observed and expected proportions are the same across all

Turning point test (455 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Irénée-Jules Bienaymé in 1874. The turning point test is a test of the null hypothesis H0: X1, X2, ..., Xn are independent and identically distributed random

Brown–Forsythe test (691 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle d_{1}=p-1} and d 2 = N − p {\displaystyle d_{2}=N-p} under the null hypothesis. If the variances are indeed heterogeneous, techniques that allow for

Empirical research (1,748 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

statistical formula, the research hypothesis is supported. If not, the null hypothesis is supported (or, more accurately, not rejected), meaning no effect

Šidák correction (510 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

hypotheses and a familywise alpha level of α {\displaystyle \alpha } , each null hypothesis is rejected that has a p-value lower than 1 − ( 1 − α ) 1 m {\displaystyle

Montague Ullman (750 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Publications. p. 145. ISBN 0-486-26167-0 Alcock James. (2003). Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi. Journal

Phylogenetic autocorrelation (2,271 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of this hypothesis in a sample of 60 societies failed to reject the null hypothesis. Autocorrelation analysis, however, showed a significant effect of

Andrew Gelman (1,343 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the standard approach may be seen as having the goal of rejecting a null hypothesis, Gelman argues that you can't learn much from a rejection. On the other

Darwin Awards (2,368 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Male and female Darwin Award winners: Line H0 indicates expected percentages under the null hypothesis that males and females are equally idiotic."

Durbin test (786 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of freedom and bk − b − t + 1 denominator degrees of freedom. The null hypothesis is rejected if the test statistic is in the critical region. If the

Distorted Music Festival (199 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Convulsions, Mono No Aware, the Mutagen Server, Noistruct, n0nplus, Null Hypothesis, Scorn, Vespine, Xian. (The USA band C/A/T was invited, but unable

Inscentinel (430 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Express Group Newspapers. 3 October 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2012. "Null Hypothesis | News". "Detection of odors using insects". Justia Patents Website

Extrasensory perception (2,893 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

pp. 216–231. ISBN 978-0521608343 Alcock, James. (2003). Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi. Journal

Goldfeld–Quandt test (1,012 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

error variance the Goldfeld–Quandt test may improperly accept the null hypothesis of homoskedastic errors.[citation needed] Unfortunately the Goldfeld–Quandt

Decline effect (2,842 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

different causes. If the initial publication is a false positive, i.e. the null hypothesis is true, but the initial publication mistakenly rejected it, then subsequent

Phylogeography (2,750 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

series is shown in panels A-D) the authors of this study proposed a null-hypothesis that assumes no spatial structure and two alternative hypothesis involving

Constellation model (3,960 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the null hypothesis, which explains all parts as background noise. In the numerator, the sum includes all hypotheses, including the null hypothesis, whereas

Deviance (statistics) (810 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

the parameters in M2, and k additional parameters. Then, under the null hypothesis that M2 is the true model, the difference between the deviances for

Frequentist inference (2,459 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

tests that are designed to provide inductive evidence against the null hypothesis, H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} , in a single experiment, and is defined

Jacob Cohen (statistician) (721 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

testing procedures used in statistics, especially misunderstandings of null hypothesis significance testing. In particular, he identified the "near universal

Moran's I (1,510 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

especially when using distances. The expected value of Moran's I under the null hypothesis of no spatial autocorrelation is E ( I ) = − 1 N − 1 {\displaystyle

Stanley Krippner (2,077 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Consciousness Studies. 10 (6–7): 85–109. Alcock, James. (2003). Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi. Journal

Disequilibrium macroeconomics (2,150 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

us gave several seminars on the question of how one would test the null hypothesis that [potential data is generated] from an equilibrium as opposed to

Capital punishment in Japan (5,903 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

have a deterrent effect (as "failure to reject a null hypothesis does not imply that the null hypothesis is correct").[non-primary source needed] Myall

Probability of direction (723 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

p-value, this index is not able to quantify evidence in favor of the null hypothesis. Advantages and limitations of the probability of direction have been

Configural frequency analysis (1,114 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

commit a type I error (i.e. to detect a type or antitype when the null hypothesis is true). The currently most popular method to control this is to use

Gluteus (genus) (718 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article

Nostrand Reinhold. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-442-22651-0. Palaeontology portal "Nutty Nomenclature". Null Hypothesis: The Journal of Unlikely Science. 2007.

Peter Richard Killeen (472 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of Sciences, pp. 515–527. Killeen, P. R. (2005). An alternative to null hypothesis statistical tests. Psychological Science, 16, 345–353. Killeen, P.

Behavioral confirmation (1,549 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Produce Self-Verification?". Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis. 2 (1). Snyder, Mark; Haugen, Julie A. (1994). "Why Does Behavioral

Gene (11,202 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

a major player in evolution and that neutral theory should be the null hypothesis of molecular evolution. This led to the construction of phylogenetic

Survival analysis (6,971 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

treatment group, which is indicated by the variable "x" in the data. The null hypothesis for a log-rank test is that the groups have the same survival. The

Biotic interchange (1,206 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

asymmetry and general processes involved in biotic interchange: The null hypothesis suggests that the number of species invading a recipient biota should

Baiji (6,404 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

PMC 2391192. PMID 17686754. "R.I.P. Yangtse River Dolphin – Null Hypothesis". null-hypothesis.co.uk. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved

Hermite distribution (3,276 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

d = 1 belongs to the boundary of the domain of parameters, under the null hypothesis, W does not have an asymptotic χ 1 2 {\displaystyle \chi _{1}^{2}}

Ecotype (3,950 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

PMID 35233242. Johannesson, Kerstin (2009-01-01). "Inverting the null-hypothesis of speciation: a marine snail perspective". Evolutionary Ecology. 23

Multitrait-multimethod matrix (1,490 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Each level consists of the minimum, median, and maximum value. The null hypothesis is these values are unordered, which is tested against the alternative

Allee effect (3,920 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

is positive and increasing then there is a weak Allee effect. The null hypothesis is that proliferation rates are positive but decreasing at low densities

Multimethodology (2,815 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

researcher starts with a problem statement, moving on to the hypothesis and null hypothesis, through the instrumentation into a discussion of data collection,

White noise (4,020 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the observed data, e.g. by ordinary least squares, and to test the null hypothesis that each of the parameters is zero against the alternative hypothesis

Compound probability distribution (2,698 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

common test statistics result as compound distributions under their null hypothesis, for example in Student's t-test (where the test statistic results

Global Consciousness Project (1,797 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

database and a Z score, which indicates the degree of deviation from the null hypothesis, is calculated from the pre-specified algorithm. In the third step

Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (3,206 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Oscillation; the AMV is indistinguishable from red noise, a typical null hypothesis to test whether there are oscillations in a model. Referring to the

Structural equation modeling (10,356 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"acceptance" of a null-hypothesis. Introductory statistics texts usually recommend replacing the term "accept" with "failed to reject the null hypothesis" to acknowledge

Exploratory factor analysis (5,109 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to assess model fit: Likelihood ratio statistic: Used to test the null hypothesis that a model has perfect model fit. It should be applied to models

Juliet Popper Shaffer (970 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

include in the analysis type III errors, in which one rejects the null hypothesis but concludes that an effect has the opposite sign to its actual sign

Three Mile Island accident health effects (2,482 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

doses of radiation were correct - leading to a study "in which the null hypothesis cannot be rejected due to a priori assumptions." Hatch et al. noted

Degrees of freedom (statistics) (4,542 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

determine the degrees of freedom in any given situation. Under the null hypothesis of no difference between population means (and assuming that standard

Intron (5,853 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

between these two possibilities. Many scientists have argued that the null hypothesis should be splicing noise, putting the burden of proof on those who

Same-sex relationship (4,635 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the consistent failures in this research literature to disprove the null hypothesis, the burden of empirical proof is on those who argue that the children

Medical image computing (8,475 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

statistical hypothesis testing to evaluate whether a null hypothesis is or is not supported. The null hypothesis typically assumes that the two cohorts are drawn

Autocorrelation (5,833 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sample size and R2 is the coefficient of determination. Under the null hypothesis of no autocorrelation, this statistic is asymptotically distributed

Predictive probability of success (1,369 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

enough convincing evidence to either reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis with the presently available data. PPOS can also be used in the assessment

Telepathy (7,427 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Publications. p. 145. ISBN 0486261670 James, Alcock (2003). "Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi". Journal

Behrens–Fisher problem (2,361 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\text{ where }}\gamma _{i}=\sigma _{i}^{2}/n_{i}.} Under the null hypothesis of equal expectations, μ1 = μ2, the distribution of the Behrens–Fisher

Phoenix Program (4,687 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

wanted to interrogate. While acknowledging that "No one can prove the null hypothesis that no prisoner was ever thrown from a helicopter," Gary Kulik states

Gary Null (3,615 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Morrow, p. 285. ISBN 9780688147662. Gorski, David (May 14, 2018). "The Null hypothesis: Gary Null attacks science-based medicine". SBM. Retrieved October

Binomial sum variance inequality (1,439 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

rates (FDR), which quantify uncertainty in the test results. If the null hypothesis is true for some tests and the alternative hypothesis is true for other

C. R. Rao (2,805 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Statistical Methods, A Primer 2016. (with Lovric, M.) Testing Point Null Hypothesis of a Normal Mean and the Truth: 21st Century Perspective 2009. (with

Subliminal stimuli (5,157 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

music on choice behavior?". Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis. 4 (2): 29–64. Comparison of the effects of auditory subliminal stimulation

List of publications in chemistry (3,272 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and the calculation of standard deviations, degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis and the "Student's" t-Test by William J. Gosset. Further chapters discuss

Yuichi Shoda (1,195 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

statistical inference to solve the persistent problems of the traditional null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) that has been a mainstay of statistical

William H. Starbuck (1,765 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

PERSPECTIVE—Researchers Should Make Thoughtful Assessments Instead of Null-Hypothesis Significance Tests, in: Organization Science 22 (4), S. 1105-1120.

Sparse PCA (2,317 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in high-dimensional setting. Consider a hypothesis test where the null hypothesis specifies that data X {\displaystyle X} are generated from a multivariate

Phylogenetic comparative methods (3,268 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

simulations to create many data sets that are consistent with the null hypothesis under test (e.g., no correlation between two traits, no difference

Neutral mutation (3,429 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Birmingham, Ala.: Gryphon Editions. Duret, L. (2008). "Neutral theory: The null hypothesis of molecular evolution". Nature Education. 1 (1): 803–6. 218. Kimura

David Colquhoun (3,540 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

observation of p = 0.001 was not necessarily strong evidence against the null hypothesis. Despite the fact that the likelihood ratio in favour of the alternative

Regime shift (4,790 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

hypothesis that a system has multiple attractors does not imply that the null hypothesis is true. In order to do so one has to prove that the system only has

Fiona Fidler (937 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

on "statistical controversies, for example, the ongoing debate over Null Hypothesis Significance Testing versus Estimation (Effect Sizes, Confidence Intervals)

Ley line (4,979 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of agreement that alignments have no significance compared to the null hypothesis of random locations. A study by David George Kendall used the techniques

Kendall's W (1,929 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

complete ranks, a commonly used significance test for W against a null hypothesis of no agreement (i.e. random rankings) is given by Kendall and Gibbons

Pedophilia (11,865 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Harris GT (2012). "Treatment for adult sex offenders: may we reject the null hypothesis?". In Harrison K, Rainey B (eds.). Handbook of Legal & Ethical Aspects

Research question (4,323 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

_________ (control variable)? Alternatively, a script for a quantitative null hypothesis might be as follows: There is no significant difference between _________

Rodger's method (1,395 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Ψi (i = 1, ... , J − 1) should result in a ‘decision’ between the null hypothesis (iH0: Ψi = 0) and a particular value δi specified a priori by the alternative

List of paradoxes (7,925 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

average operator of the buses. Lindley's paradox: Tiny errors in the null hypothesis are magnified when large data sets are analyzed, leading to false but

Pooled variance (3,150 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

degree of freedom Pooled mean Killeen PR (May 2005). "An alternative to null-hypothesis significance tests". Psychol Sci. 16 (5): 345–53. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976

Allometry (6,465 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

during growth, called allometry. Isometric scaling is often used as a null hypothesis in scaling studies, with 'deviations from isometry' considered evidence

Beta regression (860 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

needed] Likelihood ratio tests can be "interpreted as testing the null hypothesis of equidispersion against a specific alternative of variable dispersion"

Choice-supportive bias (4,815 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

and Liljenquist (2006)" (PDF). Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis. 6: 21–30. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.214.2427. Earp, Brian D.; Everett, Jim

J. Doyne Farmer (3,436 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

a method for determining when chaos can be distinguished from the null hypothesis of a correlated linear random process. After finishing his doctorate

Approximate Bayesian computation (8,997 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

there is an important distinction between identifying a plausible null hypothesis and assessing the relative fit of alternative hypotheses. Since useful

Joint attention (4,909 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan (September 2018). "Quantifying Support for the Null Hypothesis in Psychology: An Empirical Investigation". Advances in Methods and

Random matrix (7,207 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

covariance matrix. This matrix calculated in this way becomes the null hypothesis that allows one to find the eigenvalues (and their eigenvectors) that

ENCODE (6,676 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Mike White (17 July 2013). "Finding function in the genome with a null hypothesis". The Finch & Pea. Mattick JS, Dinger ME (2013). "The extent of functionality

Memory erasure (3,380 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

fatally flawed from the outset, since it is not possible to prove the null hypothesis, i.e. the absence of a memory trace. Eichenbaum, Howard. "Persistence:

Family-based QTL mapping (1,776 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

statistic is actually McNemar's chi-square statistic and tests the null hypothesis that the putative disease associated allele is transmitted 50% of the

Allopatric speciation (10,154 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

doi:10.1002/3527600906 Kerstin Johannesson (2009), "Inverting the null-hypothesis of speciation: a marine snail perspective", Evolutionary Ecology, 23

Klaus Kubinger (1,794 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

(2015). A Sequential Triangular Test of a Correlation Coefficient’s Null-Hypothesis: 0 < ρ ≤ ρ0. Statistical Papers, 56, 689-699. Kubinger, K.D., Rasch

CLs method (particle physics) (2,374 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

equivalent definition can be made by considering a hypothesis test of the null hypothesis H 0 : θ = θ 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}:\theta =\theta _{0}} against the

Code-switching (13,858 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

phenomenon, i.e. the influence of one language on another, is an attractive null hypothesis that can be tested in experimental settings." Some terms are commonly

5-HTTLPR (4,507 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

S2CID 46096787. Eisenberg DT, Hayes MG (February 2011). "Testing the null hypothesis: comments on 'Culture-gene coevolution of individualism-collectivism

Ecology (21,583 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

does not take place. Hypotheses are evaluated with reference to a null hypothesis which states that random processes create the observed data. In these

Eastern three-lined skink (3,684 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sites that contain dummy eggs far more often than what a random-choice null hypothesis would suggest. While there is extensive theory about the benefits of

John von Neumann (23,686 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and is commonly known as the Durbin–Watson statistic for testing the null hypothesis that the errors are serially independent against the alternative that

Peopling of the Americas (15,246 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

PMC 5161672. PMID 27507099. Recently, we carried out a stringent test of the null hypothesis of a single founding population of Central and South Americans using

Denoising Algorithm based on Relevance network Topology (1,158 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

between gene i and j, and where γij is the variable that under the null hypothesis, its mean is zero and standard deviation 1/√n_s-3, where ns is the

Geoneutrino (3,811 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

likelihood analysis identified 9.9 as geoneutrinos. The geoneutrino null hypothesis was rejected at 99.997% confidence level (4.2σ). The data also rejected

Messel Formation (3,196 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

supposedly reflect a dominant season of death. Others explored the null hypothesis of accidental death. In particular, Krister T. Smith and colleagues

Homosexuality in society (5,364 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the consistent failures in this research literature to disprove the null hypothesis, the burden of empirical proof is on those who argue that the children

Outline of fishing (15,459 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of tree diversity on newly isolated tropical islands: A test of a null hypothesis and the implications". Evol. Ecol. 7 (1): 76–102. Bibcode:1993EvEco

Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (3,467 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

when analyzing small samples for positive selection. Rejecting the null hypothesis of neutrality occurs when the P-Value is less than 0.05. If the differences

Hellings-Downs curve (1,326 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Ramesh; Cameron, Andrew (2023-07-01). "The Gravitational-wave Background Null Hypothesis: Characterizing Noise in Millisecond Pulsar Arrival Times with the

Andersen sampler (1,222 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distributions between the CP and CO method were different enough for the null hypothesis to be rejected; the authors suggest that this may be due to the higher

Configuration model (4,487 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

preserving these structural properties, Configuration Models provide a null hypothesis for understanding the role of degree distributions in shaping network

Imprecise Dirichlet process (3,277 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

problem. This means that we can verify the evidence in favor of the null hypothesis and not only rejecting it and take decisions which minimize the expected

Gona, Ethiopia (5,177 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

2017). "Early Stone Tools and Cultural Transmission: Resetting the Null Hypothesis". Current Anthropology. 58 (5): 652–672. doi:10.1086/693846. hdl:10261/357684

Krippendorff's alpha (5,534 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

sufficiently reliable (one-tailed test). This index acknowledges that the null-hypothesis (of chance agreement) is so far removed from the range of relevant

Network motif (10,371 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

is the p-value, given as the probability of FR(G′) ≥ FG(G′) (as its null-hypothesis), where FR(G′) indicates the frequency of G' in a randomized network

Calleida viridipennis (1,914 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Equal Investment maintains that a 1:1 ratio should be favored. The null hypothesis is that female and male offspring are equally costly to reproduce.

Topological data analysis (10,980 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

This allows many statistical tools to be ported to TDA. Works on null hypothesis significance test, confidence intervals, and robust estimates are notable

Social media and psychology (7,238 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

No Longer a Relationship?". Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis. 16 (1): 23–32. S2CID 204735206. Primack, Alvin; Johnson, Kevin (May

Post-traumatic growth (9,845 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

an association between PTSD symptoms and post-traumatic growth. The null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the two was rejected for the

Nonparametric skew (4,425 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sample's standard deviation. Statistical tests of D have assumed that the null hypothesis being tested is that the distribution is symmetric . Gastwirth estimated

Sri Rama Michael Tamm (950 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

teaching of Indian philosophy about the four levels of consciousness. The null hypothesis theory dealt with the yogic process of cognition, where the null meant

List of people associated with University College London (13,058 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

into statistical hypothesis testing and co-revised Ronald Fisher's null hypothesis testing Freda Nkirote, Director of the British Institute in Eastern

Shock collar (10,436 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

future studies should make sure to report effect sizes in addition to null-hypothesis testing." Tortora applied a method called "safety training" to treat

Dragon king theory (4,704 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

largest, and so on, until the first test that is not rejected (i.e., the null hypothesis that the point is not an outlier is not rejected). The number of rejected

Mathematical linguistics (1,420 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

is the probability of w 1 w 2 {\displaystyle w_{1}w_{2}} under the null-hypothesis that w 1 {\displaystyle w_{1}} and w 2 {\displaystyle w_{2}} appear

Modern searches for Lorentz violation (10,210 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Birefringent?". Eisenstein, Daniel J.; Bunn, Emory F. (1997). "Appropriate Null Hypothesis for Cosmological Birefringence". Physical Review Letters. 79 (10):

Ball covariance (2,438 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle E(\omega _{1}\omega _{2})<\infty } respectively, (a)under the null hypothesis, we have n B C o v ω , n 2 ( X , Y ) → n → ∞ d ∑ v = 1 ∞ λ v Z v 2

Kernel embedding of distributions (9,762 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

_{j=1}^{m}k(x_{i},y_{j})\end{aligned}}} to obtain a two-sample test of the null hypothesis that both samples stem from the same distribution (i.e. P = Q {\displaystyle

Inferring horizontal gene transfer (8,981 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

gene sequence alignment when the reference topology is given as the null hypothesis. The rejection of the reference topology is an indication that the

Junk DNA (3,906 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

shown to have additional features, beyond what is expected of the null hypothesis, it should provisionally be labelled as non-functional. ENCODE Project

Neyman Type A distribution (3,522 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

2 {\displaystyle \chi _{1}^{2}} distribution as expected under the null hypothesis since d = 1 is at the parameter domain's edge. In the asymptotic distribution

Primate archaeology (11,154 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

(2017). "Early Stone Tools and Cultural Transmission: Resetting the Null Hypothesis". Current Anthropology. 58 (5): 652–672. doi:10.1086/693846. hdl:10261/357684