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searching for Low birth weight 399 found (614 total)

alternate case: low birth weight

Preterm birth (19,195 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

classification further recognizes Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) which is less than 1,500 g, and Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) which is less than 1,000 g

produce anemia. Obladen, Sachsenweger and Stahnke (1987) studied 60 very low birth weight infants during the first 28 days of life. Infants were divided into

systematic review concluded that, for closure of a PDA in preterm and/or low birth weight infants, ibuprofen is as effective as indomethacin. It also causes

a low birth weight (less than 2.5 kilograms or 5.5 pounds), making it more likely the baby will become ill or die. Premature and low birth weight babies

of the triplets were similar in size and, as expected, moderately low birth weight. The two combined weighed 9 lbs, 2.7 oz. The third triplet, however

County, researchers found a higher risk in premature birth (10-20%) and low birth weight for infants whose mothers lived near high traffic areas Studies conducted

factors could attribute to many of the chronic diseases such that low birth weight alone should not be dictated as an independent risk factor. Subsequent

planning function. Individuals who were born very low birth weight (<1500 grams) and extremely low birth weight are at greater risk for various cognitive deficits

the initial patients described with Wilson–Mikity syndrome were very low birth weight infants that had no history of mechanical ventilation, yet developed

Thrifty phenotype refers to the correlation between low birth weight of neonates and the increased risk of developing metabolic syndromes later in life

function. Individuals who were born with very low birth weight (VLBW - <1500 grams) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) are at greater risk of various cognitive

those who are at high risk such as following organ transplantation, low birth weight babies, and those with low blood neutrophil counts. It is given either

serious cases. Thus, all preterm babies are at risk for ROP, and very low birth-weight is an additional risk factor. Both oxygen toxicity and relative hypoxia

higher due to the weakness of their immune system. For infants with low birth weight, cases of early-onset sepsis is found to be about 26 per 1,000 and

A 2004 Cochrane review looking at massage therapy for pre-term and low birth weight was insufficient to justify its use. Various mechanisms have been proposed

PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increase (18%) in risk of a low birth weight at delivery, and this relationship held even below the current accepted

most frequent before 35 weeks gestation and is typically seen in very low birth-weight (<1500g) premature infants, because they lack the ability for auto

twin is not reabsorbed. It is very common for twins to be born at a low birth weight. More than half of twins are born weighing less than 5.5 pounds (2

gain, and pre-term birth. The placental microbiota varies between low birth weight infants and those infants with normal birth weights. While bacteria

trauma or from hemorrhagic stroke. Infants that are preterm and very low birth weight are also at high risk. IVH in the preterm brain usually arises from

Chennell too had departed by the time of the second album release Low Birth Weight in 1998, a record described as "dreamy, trance and organic psychedelia"

more likely to delivery prematurely, and have a greater likelihood of low birth weight, particularly for unwanted pregnancies. Unintended pregnancies have

Dwarfism, low-birth-weight type with unresponsiveness to growth hormone is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by developmental delays

caesarean delivery. Fetal complications include preterm delivery, low birth weight, and death. Increasing rates of obesity and metabolic syndrome play

link between birth weight and risk of disease and have found that low birth weight is significantly associated with coronary heart disease, stroke and

paradox Israeli paradox Low birth-weight paradox (Low birth-weight babies born to smokers have a lower mortality than low birth-weight babies born to non-smokers

babies are born. 158 babies are born preterm. 103 babies are born low birth weight. 8 babies die before their first birthday In an average week in Alabama:

risk include maternal drug use during pregnancy, birth complications, low birth weight, prenatal brain damage, traumatic head injury, and chronic illness

the fetus. One in ten US babies is born preterm and about 5% have low birth weight. Preterm birth, defined as birth at less than 37 weeks of gestation

for doctors. Even though medical advancements allow doctors to save low-birth-weight babies, it is almost invariably better to delay such births. Over the

the gums) Swollen lymph nodes Associated with premature birth and low birth weight A study from 2018 found evidence that gingivitis bacteria may be linked

retardation due to growth delays during fetal development resulting in a low birth weight. Growth delays continue after birth throughout childhood and adolescence

to false but highly statistically significant results. Low birth weight paradox: Low birth weight and mothers who smoke contribute to a higher mortality

seen in healthy newborns although associations like with prematurity, low birth weight, hypoxia, systemic use of prostaglandin E1, or intracranial injury

abortion of about 1.7-fold, and is associated with preterm birth and low birth weight. A systematic review of the risk of major birth defects in antidepressant-exposed

and distributes a low-cost infant warmer, that gives premature and low-birth-weight infants a better chance at survival. The Embrace infant warmers / incubators

by Pregnant Women May Result in Fetal Injury, Premature Birth, and Low Birth Weight. SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING: Cigarette Smoke Contains Carbon Monoxide

levels, and these changes are generally linked to symptoms such as low birth weight, impaired brain development, decreased IQ, and impaired motor skills

(February 2020). "Early erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in preterm or low birth weight infants". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2 (2): CD004863

with low birth-weight (10.4%). Among these factors, Cuyahoga did worse than the Ohio average in premature death, poor mental-health days, and low birth-weight

be associated with a range of adverse pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight, pre-term birth, stillbirth, unexplained fetal death, and increased

Method" to help mothers with nutrition so their children would not be low birth-weight babies and they would then be more likely to grow up healthy. The USDA

E. (July 1998). "Influence of increased survival in very low birth weight, low birth weight, and normal birth weight infants on the incidence of sudden

disorders in relation to low birth weight were examined and found an increased risk of having infant with low birth weight; three of these studies showed

Pontifical Xavierian University, her research focuses on the care of low-birth weight preterm infants and the application of kangaroo mother care. Charpak's

Maternal mortality: reduction of the rate by half Low birth-weight: reduction of the rate of low birth-weight to less than 10 percent Malnutrition: reduction

therapy in promoting growth and emotional well-being in premature and low birth weight infants. Field received the American Psychological Association Boyd

pregnant woman consumes high levels of caffeine, it can result in low birth weight due to loss of blood flow to the placenta, and could lead to health

Sushil (28 October 2014). "CCMB research finds B12 deficiency leads to low birth weight". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 March 2019. "List of Proteomics

their survival, with survival rates increasing from 10% to 50% in very low birth weight babies (1000g to 1500g). This suggested that what he called "Kangaroo

to their smaller pelvis, and are at risk of delivering a baby with low birth weight Stunted growth can be passed to the next generation, known as the "inter-generational

Embrace, a social enterprise startup that aims to help premature and low-birth-weight babies, through a low-cost infant warmer. Until early 2016, Panicker

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is a field of research, health care, and social activism that explores the health of an individual's reproductive

trial of and early childhood educational intervention for preterm, low birth weight infants. While she is a member of several professional societies, her

trimesters of a pregnancy can lead to slow fetal growth and result in low birth weight. Toxicology research is the study of the adverse effects of chemicals

disease may occur with or without failure to thrive and arthrogryposis. Low birth weight and a bird-like face may be the first signs. Severe intellectual deficit

transmitted by external sources. Invasive infection occurs very often in low-birth weight newborn babies in the United States, and bloodstream infection found

pregnancy also increases the risk of preterm labour (odds ratio: 1.51) and low birth weight (odds ratio: 1.67). Animal studies have yielded similarly discouraging

the sixth most expensive condition, as well as premature birth and low birth weight the second most expensive and it is one of the contributing factors

(2009-05-25). "Fosfluconazole for antifungal prophylaxis in very low birth weight infants". International Journal of Pediatrics. 2009 (2009): 274768

"Interventions to Prevent Hypothermia at Birth in Preterm and/or Low Birth Weight Infants". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (2): CD004210

outcomes in neonates, predict low superior vena cava flow in very low birth weight infants, provide an early indicator of sympathectomy after epidural

associated with preeclampsia, preterm birth, gestational diabetes and low birth weight. A review in 2022 suggests that pregnant women are at increased risk

topics from smoking, alcohol, nutrition, and caffeine to preterm and low birth weight newborns, electromagnetic fields, birth defects, and asthma. He is

groups. However, many low-income countries delay BCG vaccination for low-birth-weight (LBW) infants; this offered the opportunity to directly test the effect

negative effects on babies born to mothers living near landfill sites: low birth weight, birth defects, spontaneous abortion, and fetal and infant mortality

in life. A meta analysis of low birth weight babies found that there is a significant relationship between low birth weight and impaired cognitive abilities;

muscular contractures. Additional features include premature birth, low birth weight, failure to thrive, abnormal reflexes, scaphocephaly, hypertelorbitism

rates of heart disease, unearthing the predictive relationship between low birth weight and adult disease. His findings were met with criticism, mainly because

generally considered to be at greatest risk for PVL are premature, very low birth-weight infants. It is estimated that approximately 3-4% of infants who weigh

sometimes pancytopenia (low blood counts) cryptorchidism in males low birth weight dislocations of pelvis and elbow unusually large eyes blindness or

offspring of these mothers can have complications such as premature birth, low birth weight and increased neonatal respiratory distress. Similar complications

velamentous cord insertion. This can lead to fetal malformations and low birth weight. The umbilical vessels may also be longer compared to normal, particularly

potential life lost Maternal mortality rate Perinatal mortality rate Low birth weight ratio For assessing the effectiveness of an intervention Absolute risk

missing (monosomic). Infants born with partial monosomy 13q may exhibit low birth weight, malformations of the head and face (craniofacial region), skeletal

medication, cancer patients, HIV patients, premature babies with very low birth weight, and the elderly. People who are at an increased risk of acquiring

anxiety, depression or psychosis Proportion of live singleton births of low birth weight 6 (14%) Crime Recorded crimes of violence, sexual offences, domestic

lungs. Surfactant medications can decrease the risk of death for very low-birth-weight infants who are hospitalized by 30%. Such small premature infants may

Spyer G, Hattersley AT, Ellard S (Jun 2004). "Premature birth and low birth weight associated with nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism due to an activating

stem cell transplantation Solid-organ tumors Neonates (especially low birth weight and preterm infants) Broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment Central venous

"developmental disability" short fifth digits with hypoplastic or absent nails low birth weight feeding difficulties upon birth frequent respiratory infections during

alanine in the urine. Symptoms for the disease include microcephaly, a low birth weight, dwarfism, small teeth, and diabetes. The symptoms of Stimmler syndrome

growth and adiposity. Maternal undernutrition has been linked with low birth weight and also a number of diseases, including Cardiovascular disease, stroke

McKenzie SE, Paul DA (June 2003). "Platelet count and sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: is there an organism-specific response?". Pediatrics. 111

including decreased gestational age at delivery, preterm birth, and low birth weight children. Such pregnancies should be considered high risk and appropriate

Hospital between January and September 1990. 21.1% of the babies had low birth weight, with 18.1% being due to intrauterine growth retardation and 3% with

increased risk of stillbirths, premature births, birth defects, or low birth weight. Two small post-marketing epidemiology studies of mostly short-term

of Sub-Saharan Africa. 15% of South African infants are born with a low birth weight. 5% of South African children are so underweight they are considered

infection may occur in the infant, and can cause complications such as low birth weight, microcephaly, seizures, petechial rash similar to the "blueberry muffin"

cocaine-exposed babies are more likely than unexposed babies to be born with low birth weight (less than 5.5 lb or 2.5 kg). Low-birthweight babies are 20 times more

associated with various fetal complications such as premature delivery and low birth weight which can lead to TOF. In the famous Baltimore-Washington Study, it

"Interventions to prevent hypothermia at birth in preterm and/or low birth weight infants". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (2): CD004210

B, Rattanatray L, et al. (2011). "Early origins of heart disease: Low birth weight and determinants of cardiomyocyte endowment". Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol

collecting blood at the heel. The swaddling of these premature babies (very low birth weight infants) takes place only very loosely. It is meant to hold the weak

pmol/L, increases the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth and newborn low birth weight. During pregnancy the placenta concentrates B12, so that newborn infants

cryptorchidism in sons. Smoking does however affect the growth of a fetus, and low birth weight is shown to increase the likelihood of all the disorders encompassed

congenital malformations and low birth weight, Native Americans infants suffer at a ratio of 1.3 to non-Hispanic whites. Low birth weight was observed in 7.3%

after birth) Intellectual disability Small head size (microcephaly) Low birth weight Thrombocytopenic purpura, leading to easy or excessive bleeding or

underdeveloped viscera (organs), behavioral or learning disabilities, low birth weight, and respiratory issues. Miscarriage. The loss of the developing fetus

There is an association with survivors and their offspring having a low birth weight. There are also long term effects related to gene methylation. Marasmus

on reproductive health. These effects may including birth defects, low birth weight, miscarriage, and preterm birth. Nail polish formulations may include

Preeclampsia is a leading cause of fetal complications, which include low birth weight, preterm birth, and stillbirth. Women with preeclampsia are encouraged

caesarean section) on the long-term psychomotor development of extremely low-birth weight infants." Picone, L., Regine, A., & Ribaudo, F. (2001). Factorial validity

Former Brands Advil Aqiva Bonakid School Age Choco Boost Bonamil Bonna Low Birth Weight Caltrate Advance/Caltrate Plus Caltrate Silver Advance/Caltrate Plus

Professor from Switzerland; Edmond A Werder in a 3-year-old girl with low birth weight, delayed growth, polydipsia, polyuria, and hypertension. In 1977, the

case and opinions". Findlaw. The Future of Children, Journal Issue: Low Birth Weight, "Evidence-Based Ethics and the Care of Premature Infants." 5(1), Spring

mothers who are hairdressers with adverse birthing outcomes such as low birth weight, preterm delivery, perinatal death, and neonates who are small for

Breech presentation 3. Multiple gestation 4. Cesarean delivery 5. Low birth weight 6. Antepartum hemorrhage and 7.Cord prolapse. The rate of perinatal

or exposure to secondhand smoke during pregnancy has been linked to low birth weight. Governor Mike Huckabee of Arkansas, citing studies which attribute

et al. (July 2011). "Randomized trial of BCG vaccination at birth to low-birth-weight children: beneficial nonspecific effects in the neonatal period?".

Low Birth Weight (1999) Artists' Rifles (2000) Son de Mar (2001)

frequent gastrointestinal bleeding than ibuprofen. Its use for extremely low birth weight and gestational age infants however requires further study. Gastrointestinal

least healthy in the state. The rating was based on premature death, low birth weight, smoking, obesity, inactivity, excessive drinking, car crashes, sexually

if an infant is premature (gestational age under 32 weeks) or has a low birth weight (less than 1500 g) a dilated fundus examination is indicated due to

at 21.5 deaths also lower than the global average of 37.7. In 2009, low birth weight newborns accounted for 10% of all births. Since most births before

and symptoms, but not exceed the maximum dose for adults. Safety in low birth weight infants and newborns has not been established. Cefditoren pivoxil was

Efonidipine treatment should avoid breast feeding. Safety of Efonidipine in low birth weight infants, newborns, infants and children has not been established. 

also a reproductive toxin causing increased risk of miscarriage and low birth weight indicating retarded development in utero. The word phenol is also used

associated with higher occurrences of abortion, fetal retardation, low birth weight and hypoxia. Antibodies can form within the body that are specific

enhanced cognition, increased child survival, and reduced prevalence of low birth weight. In plants a micronutrient deficiency (or trace mineral deficiency)

1146/annurev.me.25.020174.001033. PMID 4596227. Black, J. (1961). "Low Birth Weight Dwarfism". Arch Dis Child. 36 (190): 633–644. doi:10.1136/adc.36.190

inspired by the Mediterranean region Mexican paradox – Paradox regarding low birth weight among Mexicans Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease – Fat in which

"Use and Cutaneous Side Effects of Skin Antiseptics in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants - A Retrospective Survey of the German NICUs". Klinische Pädiatrie

Thieme RE, Woodall DL, Quissell BJ (1985). "Predicting mortality in low-birth-weight infants with pulmonary interstitial emphysema". Pediatrics. 76 (2):

cardiovascular disease, diabetes, pregnant women and their relationship to low birth weight and prematurity. The Research Center has been diligent in seeking funds

In newborns the half-life is 4.6 hours on average; in those with a low birth weight it is as long as 8.7 hours on average. People with reduced kidney function

skin cancer. Reproductive problems (high incidences of miscarriage, low birth weight, congenital deformations) have also been indicated in one study of

and infection of HIV. Trichomoniasis may cause a woman to deliver a low-birth-weight or premature infant. The role of Trichomonas infection in causing cervical

services also decreases the odds of having a low birth-weight newborn by 25 percent and reduces very low birth-weight births by 44 percent. Having a higher birth-weight

Oh W (January 2010). "Seven-month developmental outcomes of very low birth weight infants enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of delayed versus

Moreover, ampicillin may cause seizures when administered to very-low-birth-weight neonates [28]. Jang HM, Lee HJ, Jang SE, Han MJ, Kim DH (September

Popular Mechanics (1997) A Trick of the Sea (1998) Low Birth Weight (1999)

community also experienced a 20–100% increase in fetal death rates, low birth-weight babies, weapons arrests, and the number of children in foster care

people for the first time, as well as increases in miscarriages and low-birth weight infants. There was also an increase in animal deaths from eating plants

membranes Meconium-stained fluid Multiple births Lack of antenatal care Low birth weight infants Malpresentation Augmentation of labour with oxytocin Antepartum

cardio-vascular diseases, stroke, digestive issues, pre-term birth, low birth weight, preeclampsia etc. According to Global Oral Health Status Report: Towards

for cognitive function at school age for infants born with extremely low birth weight (ELBW). Data was studied from the BSID-II tests of 344 ELBW infants

"Dysregulation of angiopoietins is associated with placental malaria and low birth weight". PLOS ONE. 5 (3): e9481. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9481S. doi:10.1371/journal

Pregnancy and Risk of Newborns Being Small for Gestational Age and Having Low Birth Weight". JAMA Dermatology. 157 (7): 788. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.1090

potentially result in diabetes later in life. Infants that have a low birth weight have been shown to have a reduction in functioning cells, which would

vessels of the eye develop. Additional risk factors for ROP include low birth weight (3 pounds or less) and giving the baby excess amounts of oxygen following

disorders such as cerebral palsy; the causes and lifelong consequences of low birth weight; and patterns of maternal and child health in Aboriginal and Caucasian

Infancy Low APGAR scores (scores measuring a baby's health after birth), low birth weight, difficulty nursing Breathing Difficulties Tachypnea (rapid breathing)

infant and child mortality. Intimate partner abuse also contributes to low birth weight of infants. Overall decreasing national infant mortality trends correspond

syndrome Lopez–Hernandez syndrome Lou Gehrig's disease Louis–Bar syndrome Low birth weight dwarfism dysgammaglobulinemia Lowe–Kohn–Cohen syndrome Lowe oculocerebrorenal

corticosteroids prior to 24 weeks' gestation and neonatal outcome of extremely low birth weight infants". American Journal of Perinatology. 27 (1): 61–66. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1223269

2006). "Racial and gender differences in the viability of extremely low birth weight infants: a population-based study". Pediatrics. 117 (1): e106–e112

mother during childbearing years in 2000. 10% of all births were "low birth weight". The maternal mortality rate was 520 per 100,000 live births as of

in blood collection. 15% of South African infants are born with a low birth weight. 5% of South African children are so underweight they are considered

increased risk of preeclampsia, may have a small increased risk of low birth weight babies, may have a small increased risk of miscarriage and stillbirth

Watterberg (2009). "Early Working Memory in Children Born With Extremely Low Birth Weight: Assessed by Object Permanence". Journal of Child. 24 (4): 410–415

ophthalmic, and auditory defects. It may also cause prematurity, low birth weight, neonatal thrombocytopenia, anemia, and hepatitis. The risk of major

ulcerative colitis, immunosuppression, decreased effectiveness of vaccines, low birth weight, reproductive issues, and cancers such as kidney, testicular and liver

suggests that timing of conception has no effect on miscarriage rates, low birth weight, or preterm delivery. Luc Bovens has suggested that unprotected intercourse

disease -- the emergence of a risk for systemic conditions: pre-term low birth weight". Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore. 34 (1): 111–6. doi:10

a reduction in the incidence of low birth weight by between 8.5% and 11.3%; that means 275 cases of low birth weight may have been avoided. Another study

B., Defelice C., Centini G. (2005). "Neonatal Porencephaly in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Ultrasound Timing of Asphyxial Injury and Neurodevelopmental

pregnancies compared to single births. There are fewer babies with low birth weight when born through surrogacy compared to those born through in vitro

there begin to be detrimental health effects for the fetus, including low birth-weight. It has been proposed that fetal genes designed to increase the mother's

Indicators Number of children (<5 years) Percent (2020) Percent (2016) Low-birth weight 20,188 17% 22% Stunted 22,403 19% 26% Wasted 13,379 12% 17% Severely

complications of Trichomonas vaginalis in women include: preterm delivery, low birth weight, and increased mortality as well as predisposing to human immunodeficiency

using 2 vs 3 or more doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and risk of low birth weight in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis". JAMA. 309 (6): 594–604

Mycoplasma genitalium has developed resistance to some antibiotics. Low birth-weight, preterm infants are susceptible to Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections

candidiasis in elderly people who wear dentures. It is also used in very low birth-weight (less than 1500 g or 3 lb 5oz o) infants to prevent invasive fungal

bronchitis, decreased lung function, damage to reproductive function (low birth weight and damage to sperm chromatin and DNA). These health effects are more

may include, but are not limited to: oligohydramnios, preterm birth, low birth weight, small size for gestational age, or still birth. Maternal complications

use, and an increased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) neonates. In addition, about a six-fold increase in mortality

may include, but are not limited to: oligohydramnios, preterm birth, low birth weight, small size for gestational age, or still birth. Maternal complications

association between asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women with low birth weight, preterm delivery, cystitis, infection of the newborn and fetus death

increased risk of stillbirths, premature births, birth defects, or low birth weight. There is limited data about the appearance of moxifloxacin in human

abnormalities, cardiac defects, urogenital malformations, and cleft palate. Low birth weight and generalized growth delay are sometimes observed. DBA patients have

professional musicians. The earliest observable symptoms of WS include low birth weight, failure to thrive, trouble breastfeeding, nocturnal irritability,

national randomized clinical trial of an early intervention program for low birth weight, premature infants. As a research associate at the Center for Molecular

Such risks include pregnancy-related hypertension, pregnancy loss, low-birth weight, pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, still birth and behavioral disorders

greatest risk. Delayed or inadequate prenatal care also increases risk. Low birth weight is a significant risk factor. In the United States from 1995 to 1998

applied to individuals Gerrymandering – Form of political manipulation Low birth-weight paradox – Statistical quirk of babies' birth weights Modifiable areal

evidence that the drug increases the risk of congenital malformations, low birth weight, preterm birth, or perinatal mortality. A large cohort study in Denmark

premorbid to schizophrenia. Prenatal malnutrition, premature birth, and low birth weight are all thought to play a role in the development of SzPD. SzPD is

retinal detachment. 4. Retinopathy of prematurity is associated with low-birth-weight infants who receive supplemental oxygen in the period immediately after

hyperthermia Lack of adequate care from the mother Congenital defects Low birth weight Infection or disease After birth, the majority of the puppy's immune

injury (including bruising, broken and fractured bones, stab wounds and low birth weight. Violence during pregnancy also leads to additional risks for the mother

in pregnancies involving cocaine: abruptio placenta, prematurity, low birth weight, and small size compared to babies of the same gestational time. PCE

lower respiratory tract with chronic lung disease and death in very-low-birth-weight infants". Lancet. 2 (8605): 240–5. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92536-6

hypothyroidism during pregnancy is associated with gestational diabetes, low birth-weight, placental abruption, and the birth of the baby before 37 weeks of

administered intramuscularly to a newborn that was only 46 hours old with a low birth weight who had also suffered from severe hyperbilirubinemia. Along with blue

exposure through air and soil. Several studies reported higher levels of low-birth weight babies and birth defects among the exposed residents with some evidence

progestogens have demonstrated higher rates of genital abnormalities, low birth weight, and increased ectopic pregnancy particularly when MPA is used as an

abortion of about 1.7-fold, and is associated with preterm birth and low birth weight. A systematic review of the risk of major birth defects in antidepressant-exposed

of molybdenum can cause diarrhea, growth retardation, infertility, low birth weight, and gout; it can also affect the lungs, kidneys, and liver. Sodium

of short life expectancy, high death rates, high infant mortality, low birth weight rates, and high disease rates as compared to European Americans. Randall

1994), "Associations between measures of socioeconomic status and low birth weight, small for gestational age, and premature delivery in the United States"

to foamy appearance of urine. Infants may be born prematurely with low birth weight, and have meconium stained amniotic fluid or a large placenta. Frequent

prematurely, with history of oxygen use in the neonatal period, and with low birth weight, there is an increased risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity

are frequently observed with the condition include:[citation needed] Low birth weight Malformations of the head Eye abnormalities Defects of the hands and

residuals and their relationship to necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants". Pediatrics. 113 (1 Pt 1): 50–53. doi:10.1542/peds.113.1.50

shortcomings have consequences, including children who are born with a low birth weight or nutritional deficiencies, and for the mothers, infectious problems

Severely premature infants can be born before descent of testes. Low birth weight is also a known factor. A contributing role of environmental chemicals

causes make up about 80% of newborn deaths globally: prematurity, low-birth-weight, infections, lack of oxygen at birth, and trauma during birth. Stillbirth

Relationship Between Maternal HCT Levels, Birth Weight And Risk of Low Birth Weight", Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, Winter 2006; 16(4):447–454. Vahid

Bereczkei et al. found that women in Hungary with higher rates of low birth-weight infants had shorter inter-birth intervals, corresponding to an additional

AN; Premawathi; Gopalan, R; Kumar, R (July 1978). "Immune status of low birth weight babies". Indian Pediatrics. 15 (7): 563–7. PMID 569131. Davies, N;

status during pregnancy is associated with the increasing risk of low birth weight, preterm birth, insulin resistance and obesity in the offspring. In

increased between 2011 and 2016, reaching 41% and 53% respectively. Low birth weight is at 27% while breastfeeding is at 65%. Nepal has reduced maternal

lung infections, increased asthma attacks, middle ear infections, and low birth weight" as ramifications of smoker's emission. Smoke can obscure visibility

same period. In keeping with the trend, the number of infants with low birth weight fell from 16 per 1000 to 0.3, a 15% drop in total over the same timeframe

corticosteroids over 300 grams throughout the pregnancy may increase the risk of low birth weight for the baby. Rarely, in unusually persistent and distressing cases

neonatal is estimated to be around 1-3 per 1000 live births. Prematurity, low birth weight and asphyxia are the major risk factors, and a majority of newborn

There is an association between smoking cannabis during pregnancy and low birth weight. Smoking cannabis during pregnancy can lower the amount of oxygen delivered

blood lead levels is at greater risk of a premature birth or with a low birth weight. Children are more at risk for lead poisoning because their smaller

child immunization, diabetes, disabilities, drug deaths, teeth loss, low birth weight, missed work days due to health, prescription drug overdose, preventable

miscarriages or having low birth weight, premature children. The likelihood of perinatal infant mortality and low birth weight are significantly related

care settings and creating new advancements in preventing preterm and low-birth-weight births. Other strategic goals include improving access to prenatal

Bereczkei et al. found that women in Hungary with higher rates of low birth-weight infants had shorter inter-birth intervals, corresponding to an additional

"Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group". The New

"Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group". The New

Malnutrition among Amerindian women is widespread, and the percentage of low-birth-weight Amerindian infants is twice the national average. Family life is shaped

not been stabilized are at greater risk of having an infant with: low birth weight, neonatal respiratory distress, hydrocephalus, hypospadias, miscarriage

newborn infants' short and long term adverse effects. This can include low birth weight, reduced head circumference, cognitive deficits, emotional dysregulation

20% from 31% to 50% over the same period. The number of infants with low birth weight fell from 16 per 1,000 to 0.3, a 15% drop in total over the same time

epidemiological data suggests a slight association between PFOA exposure and low birth weight. This was consistent based on blood levels of PFOA metabolites regardless

There is little evidence linking progression of periodontal disease to low birth weight or preterm birth: "In these women with periodontitis and within this

"Early-onset sepsis with Staphylococcus auricularis in an extremely low-birth weight infant - an uncommon pathogen". Journal of Perinatology. 27 (8): 519–20

physical activity increasing the risk. A Swedish study showed that low birth weight, in addition to increasing the risk of T2D, increases the risk of LADA

increased risk of stillbirths, premature births, birth defects, or low birth weight. Levofloxacin does penetrate into breastmilk, though the concentration

Risk factors are not limited to impaired and disproportionate growth, low birth weight, delayed skeletal maturity, short stature, systemic hormonal changes

recycling can also lead to several adverse birth outcomes (still birth, low birth weight, low Apgar scores, etc.) and longterm effects such as behavioral and

getting enough iron during pregnancy raises risk of premature birth or a low-birth-weight baby. Hormonal changes in the pregnant woman result in an increase

Atorvastatin is unlikely to cause fetal anomalies but may be associated with low birth weight and preterm labor. Breastfeeding: Small amounts of other statin medications

"Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (10): CD005496

progression to lower respiratory infection with RSV Children Prematurity Low birth weight Male sex Having older siblings Maternal smoking during pregnancy History

feeding versus intermittent bolus feeding for premature infants with low birth weight: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". European Journal

supplementation has been associated with motor development in very low birth weight infants and more vigorous and functional activity in infants and toddlers

prevent disease and reduce mortality, especially among children with low birth weight or stunted growth. However, zinc supplements should not be administered

that affects mainly premature babies but can also develop in adults. Low birth weight and prematurity are the main risk factors for PIE, which indicates

cause of frequent abortions and stillbirths. Affected calves express low birth weight and a variety of malformations in the vertebrae and heart. Diagnose

such as cancer, heart disease, lung disease, periodontal disease, and low birth weight in babies whose mothers smoke it. It has been shown that waterpipe

cocaine-exposed babies are more likely than unexposed babies to be born with low birth weight (less than 5.5 lb or 2.5 kg). Low-birthweight babies are 20 times more

under five are moderately or severely stunted. Children born with a low birth weight (<2500 g) was in 2014 14.6%. Adolescent birth rate is 92.7 births per

resulting from suicide in the year 2009 alone. In Iceland rates of low birth weight were found to increase after the start of the recession in 2008, although

cell disease, abnormalities in the skull or face) ✓ being born with a low birth weight. ✓ having a large tongue. There are three major categories of apnea

ISBN 978-1-4614-0553-5. Kai A. R. Rönnholm (1986). Human Milk Feeding in Very Low-birth-weight Infants: A Study of Protein Requirement, as Estimated from Growth,

by turning into bone. This changes the growth pattern of the skull) Low birth weight and height The affected patients sometimes show a highly arched palate

homosexuality: Autoimmune thyroiditis, polycystic ovary syndrome, autism and low birth weight". Mental Illness. 9 (2): 7325. doi:10.4081/mi.2017.7325. PMC 5661141

to these OCPs may lead to various health problems for fetus such as low birth weight, disturbance of thyroid hormone, and neurodevelopmental delay. Breastmilk

problems. Potential health issues include inadequate prenatal care, Low birth weight, iron deficiency, and a high risk exposure to toxic metals like lead

of 19. If the children survive, they are more likely to suffer from low birth weight, malnutrition, and late physical and cognitive development. A study

such as stenosis, lung cancer, heart attacks, strokes, impotence, low birth weight of infants born by smoking mothers. 8% of long-term smokers develop

vaccination, higher rates of avoidable child mortality, infant mortality, low birth weight, and child injury; reduced participation in early childhood education

heightened risk of GBS-LOD is also related in addition to prematurity, with low birth weight, maternal colonization, and multiple-gestation pregnancies. GBS-LOD

of 19. If the children survive, they are more likely to suffer from low birth weight, malnutrition, and late physical and cognitive development. A study

Lorenz curve Loss function Lot quality assurance sampling Lotka's law Low birth weight paradox Lucia de Berk – prob/stats related court case Lukacs's proportion-sum

production process. Health issues related to landfills: Birth defects, low birth weight, and exposure to particulates and nitrogen dioxide are associated with

death. Outdoor air particulates have been associated with low and very low birth weight, premature birth, congenital defects, and death. Severe drought and

born before and after the Flint, Michigan, water supply was changed. Low birth weight was defined as a birth weight less than 2,500 grams. Beginning with

disease, periodontal disease, obstetrical and perinatal problems (low birth weight and pulmonary problems at birth), larynx and voice changes, and osteoporosis

have been suggested to correlate with outcomes such as preterm labor, low birth weight, and gestational diabetes. Gene knockout models in mice have helped

of molybdenum can cause diarrhea, growth retardation, infertility, low birth weight, and gout; it can also affect the lungs, kidneys, and liver. Sodium

care. These women were nearly 4 times as likely to be delivered of low birth weight infants and more than 7 times as likely to be delivered of premature

implemented the Brazelton scale: "Used to evaluate the effects of low birth weight on premature infants" "Used it to study the effects of cocaine use

gametes at the time of fertilization has been shown to have no effect on low birth weight or preterm delivery. A related issue that comes up in this debate is

which could result in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low birth weight. The fetal origins hypothesis states that fetal undernutrition is linked

nutritional status and health in populations." In 2005, 20% of babies had low birth weight (less than 2500g at birth). 53.5% of children under five and 30.6%

extreme prematurity, which is 28 weeks' gestation or less, or extremely low birth weight (1000g or less) or severe or complex illness. It is staffed by neonatalogists

hearing loss results from complications at birth, including prematurity, low birth weight, birth asphyxia and neonatal jaundice. Improved maternal and child

risks as congenital malaria, the risks for maternal malaria include low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, congenital infection, stillbirth, preterm delivery

intestine (gastrointestinal); more common among young, premature, and low birth weight infants, who have had antibiotics, surgery, or medications that lower

Cataracts and blindness, lung cancer, tuberculosis, premature births and low birth weight are also suspected of being caused by IAP. As of 2020, more than 2

malaria causes around 100,000 infant deaths each year, largely due to low birth weight. Due to the nature of disease transmission (i.e. via mosquitoes) and

during pregnancy can exert favorable effects against pre-eclampsia, low-birth weight, pre-term delivery, and post-partum depression, and can improve anthropometric

those exposed to insulin during pregnancy. This pattern of initial low birth weight followed by catch-up growth that surpasses comparative children has

removable, heatable wax insert that prevented hypothermia in premature and low-birth-weight babies, which took into account the limitations of the developing country

MH, Cotton RB, et al. (January 1987). "Is chronic lung disease in low birth weight infants preventable? A survey of eight centers". Pediatrics. 79 (1):

weak and extremities cool to the touch. HLHS often co-occurs with low birth weight and premature birth. In neonates with a small atrial septal defect

incidence of such medical conditions as diabetes, stroke, cancer, and low birth weight should be viewed with a societal lens. He argues that social inequalities

Research has also demonstrated that arsenic exposure also causes low birth weight, low birth size, infant mortality, and a variety of other outcomes

Expanded aims include reducing stunting, under-nutrition, anemia, and low birth weight. Strengthening Teaching-Learning and Results for States (STARS) CSS

red blood cell transfusions on clinical outcomes in premature, very low-birth-weight infants: the ARIPI randomized trial". JAMA. 308 (14): 1443–51. doi:10

that offspring who were at some point exposed to pesticides had a low birth weight and had developmental defects. Maternal exposure to pesticides has

or injury. Risk factors are foetal exposure to alcohol or drugs and low birth weight (3 pounds or less). These children are more likely to develop a disability

phenylketonuria (PKU) Complications of prematurity, especially in extremely low-birth-weight infants Postnatal exposure to lead Single-gene disorders that result

radiolabels such as chromium 51, allowing volume determinations in low birth weight infants and pregnant women who could not otherwise be exposed to the

years) 23 16 Prevalence of wasting ( under 5 years) 10 9 Prevalence of low birth weight 14 NA Prevalence of anemia ( 6–59 months)n 83 NA Prevalence of anemia

barring those of Sub-Saharan African origin, having a lower frequency of low birth weight than native Spanish mothers. With respect to overweight and obesity

hemorrhage, endometritis, operative vaginal delivery, episiotomy, low birth weight, preterm delivery, and small-for-gestational-age infants, all of which

who are at risk for iron-deficiency anemia include: Preterm infants Low birth weight infants Infants fed with cow's milk under 12 months of age Breastfed

Body Position, and Time after Feeding Influence Behavioral States in Low Birth Weight Infants". Pediatric Research. 52 (3): 399–404. doi:10.1203/00006450-200209000-00016

causes developmental toxicity in a dose-dependent manner, including low birth weight and inhibitory effects on fetal skeletal development. Analyzing mice

the right side of the chest), atrial and ventricular septal defect; low birth-weight, failure to thrive, hypotonia (decreased muscle tone); sacral hiatus

about one-third of child mortality. Major causes of PEM in Nepal is low birth weight of below 2.5 kg due to poor maternal nutrition, inadequate dietary

toxicity (pharmaceutical drugs, alcohol, other drugs), asphyxia, trauma, low birth weight, prematurity, jaundice, and complications associated with the Rh factor

influences may have long-term effects on muscle health. For example, low birth weight, a marker of a poor early environment, is associated with reduced muscle

and tricuspid insufficiency, hyperactivity, intellectual disability, low birth weight and short stature. This condition is thought to be caused by mutations

two months old, and iodine-based antiseptics are contraindicated in low-birth-weight infants. Carroll, KC et al. (2015). p. 755. Turgeon, ML (2016). p.

OCLC 655377546. Del Mundo, Fe; Fonte, Ana Luz May V.; Cruz, Carina (1986). "Low Birth Weight Neonates and Surrounding Factors: A Situation Study in Communities

pseudo-obstruction. These are found in premature infants, associated with low birth weight. The atrophic form is more frequent. Inflammation of the muscularis

homosexuality: Autoimmune thyroiditis, polycystic ovary syndrome, autism and low birth weight". Mental Illness. 9 (2): 7325. doi:10.4081/mi.2017.7325. PMC 5661141

community also suffered a 20%–100% increase in fetal death rates, low birth-weight babies, weapons arrests, and the number of children in foster care

are pregnant increase their chances of having an early delivery and low-birth weight babies. One of the many serious effects on the fetus itself is sudden

(October 1986). "A simple estimate of glomerular filtration rate in low birth weight infants during the first year of life: noninvasive assessment of body

the medical journal The Lancet, Rohingya children in Myanmar face low birth weight, malnutrition, diarrhoea, and barriers to reproduction on reaching

the leading cause of blindness in lower-middle-income countries, and low birth weight. Cooking with open fires or unsafe stoves is a leading cause of burns

pregnancy weight gain. Prenatal undernutrition is associated with low birth weight, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, hypertension, cardiovascular

forms of prenatal care are “more than 3.5 times as likely to have a low birth weight baby—one of the leading causes of infant mortality—and nearly three

Sachs BP. The role of obstetrical medical technology in preventing low birth weight. Future Child. 1995 spring; 5(1):71-86. Kempe A, Sachs BP, Ricciotti

secondhand smoke exposure increased the risk of miscarriage by 11%. Low birth weight, part B, ch. 3. Premature birth, part B, ch. 3 (Evidence of the causal

et al. "The effect of selenium supplementation on outcome in very low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trial." The Journal of Pediatrics

) 1972: Thesis – Social Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Low Birth Weight Australian Social Welfare Commission Fellowship, April/June 1976 (University

for teen moms than women aged 20–29 and are more likely to have a low birth weight. Teenage birth rates, as opposed to pregnancies, peaked in 1991, when

placental expression of the imprinted PHLDA2 gene is associated with low birth weight". J. Mol. Med. 85 (4): 379–87. doi:10.1007/s00109-006-0131-8. PMID 17180344

may put an infant or toddler at risk of developmental delay include low birth weight, respiratory distress as a newborn, lack of oxygen, brain hemorrhage

original on 2023-03-20. Retrieved 2018-01-30. Reichman, Nancy E. (2005). "Low birth weight and school readiness". The Future of Children. 15 (1): 91–116. doi:10

States Direct Investment in Other Countries Rgirl5 1999 Piano Magic Low Birth Weight Rgirl6 1999 Gnac Sevens Rgirl7 1999 State River Widening State River

child welfare system have risks similar to those of premature and low-birth-weight infants. Children in this population scored nearly one standard deviation

years have 35 to 55% increased risk of delivering pre-term or having a low birth weight baby than a mother who is 19 or 20 years old. In addition, infant mortality

not fully understood, but non-genetic biological risk factors (e.g., low birth weight, events during pregnancy) and environmental factors are also thought

Kenny-Caffey syndrome type 2 is often congenital (present at birth), as low birth weight is one of the first symptoms. Individuals with the condition have various

pregnancy in the mother, older age of the mother, high birth weight, low birth weight, exposure to benzene, exposure to pesticides, and infections. However

result of this, their newborns are more prone to Preterm Birth and low birth weight and have a higher risk of neonatal death. Pediatric intensive care

women quit smoking in late pregnancy and can reduce the incidence of low birth weight infants. It is a myth that a female smoker can cause harm to a fetus

women quit smoking in late pregnancy and can reduce the incidence of low birth weight infants. It is a myth that a female smoker can cause harm to a fetus

during antenatal care significantly reduced the proportion of very low birth weight infants when compared to a placebo control group. Studies so far have

state-matches to the EITC found significant impacts on maternal mental health, low birth weight births, and other health indicators association with inflammation.

"unintended pregnancies lead to higher rates of infant mortality, low birth weight, and maternal morbidity, and threaten the economic viability of families"

1994). "Associations between measures of socioeconomic status and low birth weight, small for gestational age, and premature delivery in the United States"

also declined. On the other hand, both obesity and the percentage of low-birth weight babies increased. The authors note that the increase in babies born

Intakes Are Associated With 18-Month Developmental Outcomes in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants". Pediatrics. 123 (5): 1337–1343. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-0211

of Neonatal Mortality after Multiple Doses of Bovine Surfactant in Low Birth Weight Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome". Pediatrics. 88 (1): 19–28

formula supplemented with sphingomyelin-enriched phospholipid in 24 very low birth weight preterm infants (birth weight <1500 g). In this double-blind RCT, the

cigarette smoking." These risks include lung cancer, respiratory disease, low birth weight in babies, increased risk of respiratory disease in babies, heart disease

of people have specialized transfusion requirements. Fetuses, very low-birth-weight infants, and immunocompromised people are at risk for developing severe

estimates, pregnant women who smoke have almost double the risk of low birth weight and three times the risk of premature births than pregnant women who

disability and dysmorphism. Typically, children with this syndrome are born low-birth-weight due to intrauterine growth retardation. At birth, there is dysmorphism

fertility, an increased level of miscarriages, premature deliveries, and low birth weight of their child. A 2018 study in the American Economic Journal: Applied

Programs have been shown to be effective in these areas: lower number of low birth weight babies, 50% decrease in child abuse or neglect, 25% increase in reading

to health problems such as respiratory infections, cardiac arrests, low birth weight, mental health conditions, and exacerbated asthma and chronic obstructive

Katharine L. (July 1, 2020). "Racial residential segregation and black low birth weight, 1970–2010". Regional Science and Urban Economics. 83: 103542. doi:10

developmental early life experiences that influence health later in life. Low birth weight, for instance, is a reliable predictor of incidence of cardiovascular

exposure to other STIs is associated with stillbirth, preterm delivery, low birth weight, and other complications. Screening should include syphilis, gonococcal

Katharine L. (1 July 2020). "Racial residential segregation and black low birth weight, 1970–2010". Regional Science and Urban Economics. 83: 103542. doi:10

Michael W.L.; Hack, Maureen (October 1992). "Inguinal hernias in very low birth weight infants: Incidence and timing of repair". Journal of Pediatric Surgery

report of neonatal sepsis due to Moesziomyces bullatus in a preterm low-birth-weight infant". JMM Case Reports. 2 (2). doi:10.1099/jmmcr.0.000011. Burkhardt

positioning, umbilical cord complications, low 5-minute Apgar score, low birth weight and gestation duration, fetal distress, meconium aspiration syndrome

sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment in pregnancy on parasite clearance and risk of low birth weight in rural Malawi. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1998;92(2):141-50 Harrington

infections. Some risk factors for perinatal brain injuries include: low birth weight, preterm birth, poor perinatal cardiorespiratory fitness, and artificial

hdl:1721.1/77575. Moss BG, Chugani DC (2014). "Increased risk of very low birth weight, rapid postnatal growth, and autism in underweight and obese mothers"

causes severe adverse effects in both the mother and infant, such as low birth weight, impaired milk production, and increased risk of mortality. Whipworm

hardiness. Charbray calves are born around half the size of a Brahman at a low birth weight reducing risk of calving problems but have a rapid growth rate from

with the development of IH, with the most important risk factor being low birth weight. One study showed that for every 500 gram decrease in normal birth

the biggest cause of difficulty in calving, so having a bull with a low birth weight EPD is high beneficial. Weaning and yearling weight measure the amount

field – 23,094 At birth Male:Female ratio noted in this area – 54:46 Low Birth Weight less than 2.5 kg babies noted – 11% Colostrum Feeding in 3 hours of

Only 3.8 percent of babies tended by the Frontier Nursing Service had low birth weight, compared with 7.6 percent for the country overall. From 1938 to 1939

, Lifschitz, M. H., & Thurbers, S. A. (1990). Nonhandicapped very-low-birth-weight infants at one year of age developmental profile. Pediatrics, 85, 405-410

three times the risk of low birth weight, premature birth, and extremely premature birth; their risk of extremely low birth weight, small size for gestational

malnourished children. About one-third of babies in Bangladesh are born with low birth weight, increasing infant mortality rate, and an increased risk of diabetes

in 40% of abused women. Neonatal adverse outcomes from IPV include low birth weight and preterm birth, an infant who is small for gestational age and even

positives. Breast & other cancers Male infertility Miscarriages & low birth weight Developmental delay Nervous system & liver damage DDT is toxic to birds

potentially result in altered consciousness, seizures, and maternal damage. Low birth weight newborns might also be the result of hypoglycemia, especially in patients

weights. They saw that the group receiving the FSP(treated) reduced the low birth weight by 7% for whites and between 5% and 11% for blacks. The authors do

economists found that each cheating Volkswagen car per 1,000 cars caused a low birth weight rate increase of 1.9 percent and infant mortality rate increase by

marital status, and obstetric factors, such as delivery complications or low birth weight. Factors most consistently shown to be predictive of postpartum blues

decades. Hoy's research also involves measuring how prematurity and low birth weight can influence adult health. Additionally, her research involves factors

eggs laid by affected females, often resulting in embryonic death or low birth weight. 5-20 microliters of oil can kill embryos if the egg comes into contact

deficiency include those with genetic defects for Menkes disease, low-birth-weight infants, infants fed cow's milk instead of breast milk or fortified

for biparental care (e.g. infant mortality, child malnutrition, and low birth-weight infants) and national SOI scores. During times of economic distress

Committee on Fetus and Newborn, Safe transportation of premature and low birth weight infants, Pediatrics 97:758–760; 2000 Bull MJ, Talty J, Weber K, Crash-worthiness

increased rates of maternal morbidity and mortality, and higher rates of low birth weight babies. While the national rates of home birth are very low, one out

recognition of pregnancy and birth outcomes, such as premature births, low birth weight, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, and infant mortality

Paul VK, Deorari AK, Taneja U, George G. Kangaroo mother care in very low birth weight infants. Indian Journal of Pediatrics 2001 ; 68 :1019-1023. "New Born

experienced during gestation has been linked with preterm delivery, low birth weight, and increased risk of psychopathology. The new mother may suffer from

lethal congenital disorder. Severe growth delays before birth including low birth weight and shorter than normal length occur. After birth, outward observable

for birth complications. Their children are also at higher risk of low birth weight, and nutritional or substance abuse-related physical and neurological

Borawski E., Klein N.(2002) 'Outcomes in young adulthood for very-low-birth-weight infants'. N. Engl. J. Med. 346 (3): 149-57. Czeizel A.E.(2009) 'Periconceptional

47 prefectures of Japan from 2012 onward, the annual proportion of low birth weight babies (< 2500 g) was associated with the prefecture-specific dose-rate

R. (2019). "Group Prenatal Care Reduces Risk of Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight: A Matched Cohort Study". Journal of Women's Health. 28 (1). Mary Ann

susceptible to infection and are less able to fight diseases. Additionally, low birth weight and stunted children are also at a greater risk of chronic diseases

study performed by Lázár and her coworkers examined the incidence of low-birth-weight offspring among therapeutically and preventively vaccinated women.

The baby has a high risk of being born prematurely and will have a low birth weight. After birth, the child's normal growth is retarded, resulting in a

Gimenez, and Jin-Tan Liu. 2017. The Intergenerational Transmission of Low Birth Weight and Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Large Cross-generational Cohort

Pediatric home care offers assistance for young children born with low birth weight, chronic and long term conditions, acute physical conditions, mental

40th day, the effects of radiation exposure are likely to include low birth weight, delayed growth, and possible mental deficits rather than fetal malformations

Leigh; Karen M.; Schulsinger, Fini; Mednick, Sarnoff A (August 1985). "Low birth weight and ventricular enlargement in a high-risk sample". Journal of Abnormal

be the results of obesogens in animals and the long-term effects of low-birth weight babies. The study strongly indicates that obesogens change an individual's

elective preterm delivery, neonatal death, and delivery of an extremely low birth weight infant. In follow-up studies of babies whose birth weights were below

exposure of pregnant women to air pollution results in higher risks of low birth weight in term-born infants. The California Birth Defects Monitoring program

prevent disease and reduce mortality, especially among children with low birth weight or stunted growth. However, zinc supplements should not be administered

referred to as premature. Her work led to the popularization of the term low birth weight, which underscored the fact that such babies may or may not have been

cross the placenta into the umbilical cord, leading to premature and low birth weight babies. Likewise, conflict trauma can affect pregnant women and the

several ways. For example, there was reduced incidences of low and very low birth weight, fewer congenital malformations, and a reduced rate of post-neonatal

less investment of the mothers which results in small body size and low birth weight of the children at birth. In historical Ireland (1700–1919) the number

mothers in the state of Iowa after the raid had a 24% greater chance of low birth weight when compared to infants born during the same period one year earlier

infants that are at the highest risk for the condition (very premature, low birth weight). One of the main issues surrounding breast milk-mediated drug delivery

adults; Heart disease, stroke, cancer, sudden infant death syndrome, low-birth-weight in infants, asthma and exacerbation of asthma, bronchitis and pneumonia

child to be born in her family. With concern about his daughter's low birth weight, Johnson's father pleaded to God to provide her a healthy life in exchange

babies have a higher rate of suffering problems such as preterm birth, low birth weight and congenital abnormalities. Teenage pregnancy and childbirth is an

developed and disseminated innovative approaches for the care of very low birth-weight babies; current research efforts focus on pharmacogenomics of steroids

factors found correlated with increased risk for endometriosis include: low birth weight (under 2.5 kg or 5.5 lbs). Higher physical activity levels and a diet

occurring in 1-2%, and higher in 10% of premature infants of very low birth weight. Vascular tumors are characterized by an overgrowth of normal vessels

supplementation has been associated with motor development in very low birth weight infants and more vigorous and functional activity in infants and toddlers

and genetic factors, as well as poor monitoring of glucose levels. Low birth weight can cause lower renal volume, post-infectious renal damage, and other