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Longer titles found: Invariant-based programming (view), Invariant (mathematics) (view), Invariant (physics) (view), Invariant basis number (view), Invariant convex cone (view), Invariant decomposition (view), Invariant differential operator (view), Invariant estimator (view), Invariant extended Kalman filter (view), Invariant factor (view), Invariant factorization of LPDOs (view), Invariant manifold (view), Invariant mass (view), Invariant measure (view), Invariant of a binary form (view), Invariant polynomial (view), Invariant set postulate (view), Invariant sigma-algebra (view), Invariant speed (view), Invariant subspace (view), Invariant subspace problem (view), Invariant theory (view), Invariants of tensors (view), Linear time-invariant system (view), Gromov–Witten invariant (view), J-invariant (view), Perfect digital invariant (view), Perfect digit-to-digit invariant (view), Scale-invariant feature transform (view), Knot invariant (view), Time-invariant system (view), Finite type invariant (view), De Sitter invariant special relativity (view), Quasi-invariant measure (view), Arf invariant of a knot (view), Loop-invariant code motion (view), Geometric invariant theory (view), Adiabatic invariant (view), Loop invariant (view), Quantum invariant (view), Mucosal-associated invariant T cell (view), Oxford University Invariant Society (view), Riemann invariant (view), Hopf invariant (view), Seiberg–Witten invariants (view), Arf invariant (view), Dehn invariant (view), Kervaire invariant (view), Class invariant (view), Differential invariant (view), Lagrange invariant (view), Eta invariant (view), Colin de Verdière graph invariant (view), Kontsevich invariant (view), Normally hyperbolic invariant manifold (view), Reshetikhin–Turaev invariant (view), Parry–Sullivan invariant (view), Casson invariant (view), Positively invariant set (view), Curvature invariant (view), Shift-invariant system (view), Complete set of invariants (view), Modular invariant theory (view), Birational invariant (view), U-invariant (view), Zeuthen–Segre invariant (view), Rost invariant (view)

searching for Invariant 232 found (5781 total)

alternate case: invariant

Tisserand's parameter (751 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Tisserand's parameter (or Tisserand's invariant) is a number calculated from several orbital elements (semi-major axis, orbital eccentricity, and inclination)

A physical constant, sometimes fundamental physical constant or universal constant, is a physical quantity that cannot be explained by a theory and therefore

giving readers the rights to copy, redistribute, and modify (except for "invariant sections") a work and requires all copies and derivatives to be available

On a differentiable manifold, the exterior derivative extends the concept of the differential of a function to differential forms of higher degree. The

In many languages, a plural (sometimes abbreviated as pl., pl, PL., or PL), is one of the values of the grammatical category of number. The plural of a

remains the same under Lorentz transformations and is said to be a Lorentz invariant (i.e., they transform under the trivial representation). An equation is

antigens-associated invariant chain or CD74 (Cluster of Differentiation 74), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD74 gene. The invariant chain (Abbreviated

is also invariant under G, but not conversely. Every orbit is an invariant subset of X on which G acts transitively. Conversely, any invariant subset of

for a general topological space, but it is nevertheless topologically invariant since it is equivalent to compactness.) One example of a compact space

holds for all physical phenomena, or more precisely, that any Lorentz invariant local quantum field theory with a Hermitian Hamiltonian must have CPT

crucial result that implies Galilean relativity. Assuming that mass is invariant in all inertial frames, the above equation shows Newton's laws of mechanics

(or Euler number, or Euler–Poincaré characteristic) is a topological invariant, a number that describes a topological space's shape or structure regardless

subspace of TpM. In the case of Lie groups with a bi-invariant metric—a pseudo-Riemannian metric invariant under both left and right translation—the exponential

never subject to inflection are said to be invariant; for example, the English verb must is an invariant item: it never takes a suffix or changes form

present in mice and humans, some of which coexpress a heavily biased, semi-invariant T-cell receptor and NK cell markers. NKT cells are a subset of T cells

hexachord of I5 (D–C♯–A♭–C–G–F). Problems playing this file? See media help. Invariant formations are also the side effect of derived rows where a segment of

thymocyte expresses an invariant α-chain called pre-Tα alongside the TCRβ gene. If the rearranged β-chain successfully pairs with the invariant α-chain, signals

In mathematics, a Casimir element (also known as a Casimir invariant or Casimir operator) is a distinguished element of the center of the universal enveloping

the power of the Dickson invariant. Over fields of characteristic 2, the determinant is always 1, so the Dickson invariant gives more information than

bi-invariant (that is, simultaneously left- and right-invariant). All left-invariant metrics have constant scalar curvature. Left- and bi-invariant metrics

over a range of distances, or equivalently over a range of scales (scale-invariant camouflage), in the manner of fractals, so some approaches are called

of a Lie group G. One approach uses left-invariant vector fields. A vector field X on G is said to be invariant under left translations if, for any g, h

topology on G {\displaystyle G} . A metric d on G is called left-invariant (resp. right-invariant) if and only if d ( a x 1 , a x 2 ) = d ( x 1 , x 2 ) {\displaystyle

Tutte-Grothendieck invariant. The Tutte polynomial is the most general such invariant; that is, the Tutte polynomial is a Tutte-Grothendieck invariant and every

controversial "invariant section" is removed, but considers it "still not free of trouble". Notwithstanding, most GNU documentation includes "invariant sections"

characterized by whether the equations of motion fail to be invariant, or the ground state fails to be invariant. This section describes spontaneous symmetry breaking

such as the SVD, that are invariant with respect to diagonal scaling. Applicable to: m-by-n matrix A. Unit-Scale-Invariant Singular-Value Decomposition:

topological group G to the complex numbers (or complex vector space) which is invariant under the action of a discrete subgroup Γ ⊂ G {\displaystyle \Gamma \subset

with an example of a "dangerous spiral look-alike" that violates the invariant. Sequentially defining the key artifacts for a project often increases

shows how much output field differs from a coherent state. Linear phase-invariant amplifiers may be described as follows. Assume that the unitary operator

significantly different Code page 1102, which also complies with the ISO 646 invariant structure, and is the Dutch version of DEC's National Replacement Character

Transclado. Isomorphic keyboards can expose, through their geometry, two invariant properties of music theory: transpositional invariance, exposed in all

invariant planes of rotation. We say these isoclinic rotations are characteristic of the 600-cell because the 600-cell's edges lie in their invariant

The invariable plane of a planetary system, also called Laplace's invariable plane, is the plane passing through its barycenter (center of mass) perpendicular

filters are also time invariant (or shift invariant) in which case they can be analyzed exactly using LTI ("linear time-invariant") system theory revealing

defining property of complete integrability) the existence of algebraic invariants, having a basis in algebraic geometry (a property known sometimes as algebraic

Drosophila. U21 snoRNA has a 13 nucleotide region of complementarity with an invariant region of eukaryotic 28S ribosomal RNA. Qu LH, Nicoloso M, Michot B, Azum

group of automorphisms which keep the quadratic polynomials x2 + y2 + ... invariant, F4 is the group of automorphisms of the following set of 3 polynomials

function is symmetric with respect to its inflection point; that is, it is invariant under a rotation of a half turn around this point. Up to an affine transformation

different ways of defining the dimension of the space in a topologically invariant way. For ordinary Euclidean spaces, the Lebesgue covering dimension is

can refer to a relativistically invariant classical or quantum theory of scalar fields. A scalar field is invariant under any Lorentz transformation

geometrical space invariant under the symmetry group of that space. In more recent times, the meaning has been broadened to include a view of invariant (or equivariant)

In mathematics, and especially gauge theory, Donaldson theory is the study of the topology of smooth 4-manifolds using moduli spaces of anti-self-dual

problem. A singularity in general relativity can be defined by the scalar invariant curvature becoming infinite or, better, by a geodesic being incomplete

characteristic in G. A subgroup of H that is invariant under all inner automorphisms is called normal; also, an invariant subgroup. ∀φ ∈ Inn(G)： φ(H) ≤ H Since

develops a nonzero divergence in the presence of gauge fields. A scale invariant theory, one in which there are no mass scales, will have a conserved Noether

conditions of the universe. The laws of gravity seem to be time reversal invariant in classical mechanics; however, specific solutions need not be. An object

dimensions a spinning polyhedron has a single invariant central plane of rotation. The plane is an invariant set because each point in the plane moves in

dependent on the observer. A different term, proper distance, provides an invariant measure whose value is the same for all observers. Proper distance is

exist a Riemannian metric invariant under both left and right translations. Although there is always a Riemannian metric invariant under, say, left translations

concerned with the Lorentz transformation which left Maxwell's equations invariant, but was apparently uninterested in the Michelson–Morley experiment on

Pinzari showed how to eliminate this degeneracy by developing a rotation-invariant version of the theorem. The KAM theorem is usually stated in terms of

+\mathbf {A} \wedge \mathbf {A} } This action is diffeomorphically invariant and gauge invariant. Its Euler–Lagrange equations are F = 0 {\displaystyle \mathbf

is called DUTCH by Kermit. Although NL7DEC complies with the ISO 646 invariant layout (and is hence a close derivation from ASCII, with only nine code

A seax (Old English pronunciation: [ˈsæɑks]; also sax, sæx, sex; invariant in plural, latinized sachsum) is a small sword, fighting knife or dagger typical

stress invariant I 1 {\displaystyle I_{1}\,\!} is directly proportional to the sum of the principal radii of the ellipsoid. The second stress invariant I 2

considered in topology are homeomorphisms and homotopies. A property that is invariant under such deformations is a topological property. The following are basic

of quantum error correcting codes, with the special property of being invariant under permutations of the qubits. Given integers g (the gap), n (the occupancy)

theories that are invariant under conformal transformations in the Riemannian geometry sense; more accurately, they are invariant under Weyl transformations

absence of, or a violation of, symmetry (the property of an object being invariant to a transformation, such as reflection). Symmetry is an important property

which is an invariant subspace under the application of A. Therefore, they span an invariant plane. This plane is orthogonal to the invariant axis, which

the (cyclic) image of the J-homomorphism, and the kernel of the Adams e-invariant (Adams 1966), a homomorphism from the stable homotopy groups to Q / Z

set of 82 unique graphic characters to 7-bit code points, known as the invariant (INV) or basic character set, including letters of the ISO basic Latin

manifold is a symmetric space if and only if its curvature tensor is invariant under parallel transport. More generally, a Riemannian manifold (M, g)

Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-80794-0. Tomonaga, S. "On a Relativistically Invariant Formulation of the Quantum Theory of Wave Fields." Prog. Theor. Phys.

number Lorentz scalar, a quantity in the theory of relativity which is invariant under a Lorentz transformation Pseudoscalar, a quantity that behaves like

transform like a scalar under Lorentz transformation (i.e. are Lorentz invariant). A pseudoscalar boson is a scalar boson that has odd parity, whereas

only if every invariant subspace of V has an invariant complement. (That is, if W is an invariant subspace, then there is another invariant subspace P such

Armenia is the Gregorian calendar. The Armenian calendar was based on an invariant year length of 365 days. Because a solar year is about 365.25 days and

|y(t)|\leq B)\quad t\in \mathbb {R} } For a continuous time linear time-invariant (LTI) system, the condition for BIBO stability is that the impulse response

does not describe a Lorentz invariant background. However, there are recent developments which make possible Lorentz invariant quantization of string theory

their relations, and several subgroup series can be invariantly defined and are important invariants of groups. A subgroup series is used in the subgroup

trous Quasi-continuous wavelet transform Translation invariant wavelet transform Shift invariant wavelet transform Cycle spinning Maximal overlap wavelet

morphemes. Tense, aspect, and mood are usually indicated with separate invariant pre-verbal auxiliaries. Typically the unmarked verb is used for either

South African theoretical physicist. He introduced the relativistically invariant Mandelstam variables into particle physics in 1958 as a convenient coordinate

In mathematics, a cardinal function (or cardinal invariant) is a function that returns cardinal numbers. The most frequently used cardinal function is

color charge in quantum chromodynamics. Charges correspond to the time-invariant generators of a symmetry group, and specifically, to the generators that

that is translation-invariant. This may have different meanings. We say that (G, ≤) is a: left-ordered group if ≤ is left-invariant, that is a ≤ b implies

algebra are invariant under the adjoint group, from which it follows that the Killing form (i.e. the degree 2 coefficient) is invariant, but he did not

Standard Model of particle physics, because its components are scale invariant. Howard Georgi proposed this theory in two 2007 papers, "Unparticle Physics"

however the dynamics of such a model has not yet been studied. For scale-invariant dilatonic theories of gravity with standard model-type matter couplings

In mathematics, G2 is three simple Lie groups (a complex form, a compact real form and a split real form), their Lie algebras g 2 , {\displaystyle {\mathfrak

However, a major disadvantage is that (in finite samples) it is not invariant to changes in the representation of the null hypothesis; in other words

and thus, in the absence of external forces, is time-invariant. It is also rotationally invariant, in that a rotation applied to the system leaves the

no definitive discrete gaps or a minimum size. Consequently, in scale-invariant LQC, the Big Bang is shown not to be replaced by a quantum bounce. Big

said to be an invariant of G. Conversely, given a subgroup G of Sn, an invariant of G is a resolvent invariant for G if it is not an invariant of any bigger

fluctuations during cosmic inflation are thought to be a GRF with a nearly scale invariant spectrum. One way of constructing a GRF is by assuming that the field

Time-translation symmetry is the law that the laws of physics are unchanged (i.e. invariant) under such a transformation. Time-translation symmetry is a rigorous

rotation by minor thirds under which the octatonic background scale is invariant." Dmitri Tymoczko argues that Stravinsky's octatonicism results "from

Itô's lemma. This enables problems to be expressed in a coordinate system invariant form, which is invaluable when developing stochastic calculus on manifolds

statistical dispersion have the useful property that they are location-invariant and linear in scale. This means that if a random variable X {\displaystyle

whole class of quantum states over a background de Sitter space which are invariant under all the isometries: the alpha-vacua. Among them there is a particular

operators and have the disadvantage that they are not invariant. Arthur later found the invariant trace formula and the stable trace formula which are

mechanism reformulates the Higgs mechanism in an entirely gauge invariant way, generally leading to the same results. The mechanism was proposed

While human nouns have developed complex plural marking strategies, these invariant nouns — including mass nouns and inherently plural items — have moved

state of the system is determined by the Schrödinger equation, which is invariant under Galilean transformations. Quantum field theory is the relativistic

{\displaystyle F} is a line L {\displaystyle L} , such that F {\displaystyle F} is invariant under the mapping ( x , y ) ↦ ( x , − y ) {\displaystyle (x,y)\mapsto

supersymmetric Yang–Mills (SYM) theory is a relativistic conformally invariant Lagrangian gauge theory describing the interactions of fermions via gauge

In mathematics, more specifically in geometric topology, the Kirby–Siebenmann class is an obstruction for topological manifolds to allow a PL-structure

invariant latitude and L {\displaystyle L} is the L-shell describing the magnetic field line in question. On the surface of the earth, the invariant latitude

3-dimensional Lie groups. Most Thurston geometries can be realized as a left invariant metric on a Bianchi group. However S2 × R cannot be, Euclidean space corresponds

same consensus C-terminal sequence, that is, Phe-Xxx-Gly-Leu-Met-NH. The invariant "Phe7" residue is probably required for receptor binding. "Xxx" is either

past-tense or te forms. The true "invariant stem", which is consistent amongst all conjugations, precedes the so-called "invariant consonant". Classifying verbs

and knot theory. He was one of the discoverers of the HOMFLY polynomial invariant of links, and proved the Lickorish-Wallace theorem which states that all

double rotations, points rotate within invariant central planes of rotation by some angle, and the entire invariant central plane of rotation also tilts

(papain-like proteases). The calpain proteins are heterodimers consisting of an invariant small subunit and variable large subunits. The large subunit possesses

civil law jurists to refer to those aspects of the civil law system's invariant legal principles, sometimes called "the law of the land" in English law

reaction, which showed that the interactions of subatomic particles are not invariant under time reversal. Thus the phenomenon of CP violation was discovered

even dynamic symbolic execution. Daikon is an implementation of dynamic invariant detection. Daikon runs a program, observes the values that the program

instance, a side of the Koch snowflake is both symmetrical and scale-invariant; it can be continually magnified 3x without changing shape. The non-trivial

even dynamic symbolic execution. Daikon is an implementation of dynamic invariant detection. Daikon runs a program, observes the values that the program

LS-category) of a topological space X {\displaystyle X} is the homotopy invariant defined to be the smallest integer number k {\displaystyle k} such that

opposite category Cop. Duality, as such, is the assertion that truth is invariant under this operation on statements. In other words, if a statement is

unramified over K, then the Artin conductors of all χ are zero. The wild invariant or Swan conductor of the character is f ( χ ) − ( χ ( 1 ) − χ ( G 0 )

variety of cellular processes. A functional calpain protein consists of an invariant small subunit and 1 of a family of large subunits. CAPN5 is one of the

per unit charge. This value can be calculated in either a static (time-invariant) or a dynamic (time-varying) electric field at a specific time with the

A gyrovector space is a mathematical concept proposed by Abraham A. Ungar for studying hyperbolic geometry in analogy to the way vector spaces are used

conjunction in "he left after they fought". In general, a conjunction is an invariant (non-inflecting) grammatical particle that stands between conjuncts. A

torsion (or R-torsion, or Reidemeister–Franz torsion) is a topological invariant of manifolds introduced by Kurt Reidemeister (Reidemeister 1935) for 3-manifolds

geometry. For example, the meaning of what it means to be natural (or invariant) has a particularly simple expression, even though the formulation in

Christoffel symbols for the Levi-Civita connection. The main tensorial invariant of a connection form is its curvature form. In the presence of a solder

electrodynamics (QED), in particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for renormalizing QED to one loop order. Schwinger

components in a given graph is an important graph invariant, and is closely related to invariants of matroids, topological spaces, and matrices. In random

subgroup of the affine group on (t, x, y, z), whose linear part leaves invariant both the metric (gμν = diag(1, 0, 0, 0)) and the (independent) dual metric

that are not distinguishable by only measuring the outputs. For time-invariant linear systems in the state space representation, there are convenient

Einstein developed special and general relativity to accommodate the invariant speed of light, a consequence of Maxwell's equations, with the principle

supersymmetric theories, extremal black holes are often supersymmetric: they are invariant under several supercharges. This is a consequence of the BPS bound. Such

cases the equations are actually invariant. However, in the theory of weak interactions, the equations are not invariant under reflections (but are, of

14 orbits per day and measures continuously between -65° and +65° of invariant latitude. DEMETER observed an increase in ultra low frequency radio waves

0-form and d {\displaystyle d} is the exterior derivative, and a gauge-invariant vector current J {\displaystyle \mathbf {J} } with density 1 satisfying

acts unitarily on a Hilbert space and has "almost invariant vectors", then it has a nonzero invariant vector. The formal definition, introduced by David

Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariant techniques (ESPRIT), is a technique to determine the parameters of a mixture of sinusoids in

datatypes. By making type constructors covariant or contravariant instead of invariant, more programs will be accepted as well-typed. On the other hand, programmers

{\displaystyle G} -invariant subspaces, e.g. the whole vector space V {\displaystyle V} , and {0}). If there is a proper nontrivial invariant subspace, ρ {\displaystyle

acts unitarily on a Hilbert space and has "almost invariant vectors", then it has a nonzero invariant vector. The formal definition, introduced by David

datatypes. By making type constructors covariant or contravariant instead of invariant, more programs will be accepted as well-typed. On the other hand, programmers

conjunction in "he left after they fought". In general, a conjunction is an invariant (non-inflecting) grammatical particle that stands between conjuncts. A

0-form and d {\displaystyle d} is the exterior derivative, and a gauge-invariant vector current J {\displaystyle \mathbf {J} } with density 1 satisfying

from scratch. A framework's default behavior can be provided with the invariant methods of the Template Method Pattern in an abstract class. Extensibility:

electromagnetic field. Rather, the whole theory is encapsulated by the Lorentz-invariant action S {\displaystyle S} of particle trajectories a μ ( τ ) , b μ (

relativity: gauge-invariant perturbation theory based on foliating a space-time with hyper-surfaces, and 1+3 covariant gauge-invariant perturbation theory

scale-invariant i.e. changing the measurement units leads to a different line.) Weighted geometric distance: Deming regression Scale invariant approach:

where gravitational variances are negligible, physical laws are Lorentz invariant in the same manner as special relativity. The Lorentz group is a subgroup

algebra. If X is a left-invariant vector field on G, then ω(X) is constant on G. Furthermore, if X and Y are both left-invariant, then ω ( [ X , Y ] ) =

polypeptide known as the invariant chain. The nascent MHC class II protein in the rough ER has its peptide-binding cleft blocked by the invariant chain (Ii; a trimer)

mammalian host from accessing the plasma membrane or any other parasitic invariant surface epitopes (such as ion channels, transporters, receptors etc.)

is the use of an invariant scalar evolution parameter to monitor the historical evolution of space-time events. In a scale-invariant theory, the strength

quantum systems (see below). The partial trace operator can be defined invariantly (that is, without reference to a basis) as follows: it is the unique

=\alpha (Q-\alpha )\ .} The central charge and conformal dimensions are invariant under the duality b → 1 b   , {\displaystyle b\to {\frac {1}{b}}\ ,} The

that the definition above is the canonical momentum, which is not gauge invariant and not a measurable physical quantity for charged particles in an electromagnetic

considered in topology are homeomorphisms and homotopies. A property that is invariant under such deformations is a topological property. Basic examples of topological

criterion) states that yielding of a ductile material begins when the second invariant of deviatoric stress J 2 {\displaystyle J_{2}} reaches a critical value

In the following table, conformance to the invariant set is marked with green; collision with the invariant set is marked with red. There are three double-byte

means. Galois cohomology accounts for the way in which taking Galois-invariant elements fails to be an exact functor. The current theory of Galois cohomology

term based on an invariant output error; in the same way the gain matrix is not updated from a linear state error, but from an invariant state error. The

⊂ V generated by the eigenvector such that T(A) = A, that is, A is an invariant set under the action of T. In Lie theory, a one-dimensional subspace of

convolutional codes facilitates trellis decoding using a time-invariant trellis. Time invariant trellis decoding allows convolutional codes to be maximum-likelihood

ankyrin repeats near the N-terminus and a TRP box motif containing the invariant EWKFAR sequence at the proximal C-terminus. These channels are non-selectively

manifold, and the de Rham cohomology groups comprise a set of topological invariants of smooth manifolds that precisely quantify this relationship. The integration

means. Galois cohomology accounts for the way in which taking Galois-invariant elements fails to be an exact functor. The current theory of Galois cohomology

term based on an invariant output error; in the same way the gain matrix is not updated from a linear state error, but from an invariant state error. The

necessarily respect the invariant. In a second time we'll explain how to modify a deque which does not satisfy the invariant into one which satisfies

SS Chern and B Simons to introduce what is known as the Chern-Simons invariant, which has proved useful in theoretical physics. He is an alumnus of the

janya rāgam of Gamanashrama, the 53rd Melakarta rāgam. It has only the invariant panchamam missing from its parent scale, Gamanashrama, like Shree ranjani

Together with Laurent C. Siebenmann he developed the Kirby–Siebenmann invariant for classifying the piecewise linear structures on a topological manifold

{\displaystyle J^{\mu }} (see four-current) which is Poincaré covariant (and gauge invariant if there happens to be any gauge symmetry which hasn't been gauge-fixed)

mathematics, an automorphic function is a function on a space that is invariant under the action of some group, in other words a function on the quotient

Lorentz-invariant (although not manifestly in the above), whereas the classical thermal state is not (the classical dynamics is Lorentz-invariant, but the

Seiberg–Witten invariant is equal to an invariant which enumerates certain pseudoholomorphic curves and is now known as Taubes's Gromov invariant. This fact

CLIP or Class II-associated invariant chain peptide is the part of the invariant chain (Ii) that binds to the peptide binding groove of MHC class II and

electromagnetic field, the canonical momentum p is not gauge invariant. The correct gauge-invariant momentum (or "kinetic momentum") is p kin = p − q A {\displaystyle

signal level or other factors that cause them to be non-linear or non-time-invariant, but most are stable enough to model as LTI. Linearity and time-invariance

otherwise, a kind of invariant delta function on isomorphism classes of intervals. Its powers in the incidence algebra are the other invariant delta functions

In control theory, a continuous linear time-invariant system (LTI) is exponentially stable if and only if the system has eigenvalues (i.e., the poles

The Nambu–Goto action is the simplest invariant action in bosonic string theory, and is also used in other theories that investigate string-like objects

of tiles might admit periodic tilings — that is, tilings that remain invariant after being shifted by a translation (for example, a lattice of square

scalar. Both are physical quantities which assume a single value which is invariant under proper rotations. However, under the parity transformation, pseudoscalars

In mathematics, the height of an element g of an abelian group A is an invariant that captures its divisibility properties: it is the largest natural number

of theoretical physics by adding the hypothesis of a classical Lorentz invariant radiation field having statistical properties similar to that of the electromagnetic

complex is called the singular homology of X, and is a commonly used invariant of a topological space. Chain complexes are studied in homological algebra

MSSM is solved in the NMSSM, the superpotential of the NMSSM being scale-invariant. The role of the λ {\displaystyle \lambda } term is to generate an effective

correlation tensor can be expressed in terms of two scalar functions, using the invariant theory of full rotation group, first derived by Howard P. Robertson in

to a gauge transformation. This shows that Dirac strings are not gauge invariant, which is consistent with the fact that they are not observable. The Dirac

as opposed to discrete symmetry, e.g. reflection symmetry, which is invariant under a kind of flip from one state to another. However, a discrete symmetry

the left child, and the one with the higher value as the right child. Invariant : For each weight w, all leaves of weight w precede all internal nodes

In mathematics, a symmetric tensor is an unmixed tensor that is invariant under a permutation of its vector arguments: T ( v 1 , v 2 , … , v r ) = T (

conservative if and only if it is spherically symmetric or rotationally invariant.: 133–38  Examples of spherically symmetric central forces include the

\right)\propto \left|I(\theta )\right|^{1/2}.\,} It has the key feature that it is invariant under a change of coordinates for the parameter vector θ {\textstyle \theta

_{22}=\eta _{33}=1} .) Lorentz transformations leave the Minkowski metric invariant, so the d'Alembertian yields a Lorentz scalar. The above coordinate expressions

photon is, in fact, renormalizable, even though it is not manifestly gauge invariant (after the Stückelberg scalar has been eliminated in the Proca action)

3-form field strength the field strength defined above is no longer gauge invariant and so also needs to be defined patchwise with the Dirac string off of

fundamental groups are determined by their topology together with certain "end invariants", which are geodesic laminations on some surfaces in the boundary of the

construct a particular functional on the space of connections which is invariant under local gauge transformations. A spin network, as described in Penrose

breaking invariants of a mutable data structure, as follows: A step of an operation on a mutable data structure modifies the data and breaks an invariant. An

\mathbf {J} )^{2}.} An operator Ω ^ {\displaystyle {\widehat {\Omega }}} is invariant under a unitary transformation U if Ω ^ = U † Ω ^ U ; {\displaystyle {\widehat

transformations (specifically, they showed that the field commutators were Lorentz invariant). A further boost for quantum field theory came with the discovery of

Benjamin Peirce in 1870 in the context of elements of algebras that remain invariant when raised to a positive integer power, and literally means "(the quality

different values of mj. The total angular momentum corresponds to the Casimir invariant of the Lie algebra so(3) of the three-dimensional rotation group. Canonical

respect to a smooth map f if its tangent bundle may be split into two invariant subbundles, one of which is contracting and the other is expanding under

associated) p to give the final invariant factor; as long as M is non-empty, repeat to find the invariant factors before it. Invariant factors Smith normal form

class is a collection of mathematical models which share a single scale-invariant limit under the process of renormalization group flow. While the models

that only change the short-distance details. The collection of scale-invariant statistical theories define the universality classes, and the finite-dimensional

{\text{event space}}{\text{separation}}}\right]^{2}} is an invariant.: 9  An event in the universe is caused by the set of events in its causal

given his name to many concepts in this field. The condition is Lorentz invariant. The Lorenz gauge condition does not completely determine the gauge: one

difference technique, finite element technique and quasilinearization and invariant embedding have been developed and applied to various problems in fluid

that is constant on the conjugacy classes of G. In other words, it is invariant under the conjugation map on G. Such functions play a basic role in representation

that relate certain numeric invariants of algebraic curves to corresponding invariants of their dual curves. The invariant called the genus, common to

appear in textbooks or on tests. By requiring measures to remain the same (invariant) across different tests measuring the same thing, Rasch models make it

form. The trace and determinant of A 33 {\displaystyle A_{33}} are both invariant with respect to rotation of axes and translation of the plane (movement

{\text{event space}}{\text{separation}}}\right]^{2}} is an invariant.: 9  An event in the universe is caused by the set of events in its causal

1967–69 (originally in the simply-connected case), using the Rochlin invariant and the cohomology group H 3 ( M ; Z / 2 Z ) {\displaystyle H^{3}(M;\mathbb

conformally invariant. These arguments allowed to show that certain measurables of loop-erased random walk are (in the limit) conformally invariant, and that

and arc AO bisects angle ∠αAa. Let us construct a point that could be invariant using the previous considerations. We start with the blue great circle

the zinc-finger domain family and characteristically have a number of invariant amino acid residues, including 3 conserved cysteines and one conserved

the important convergence results. In short, we need the existence of invariant measure and Harris recurrent to establish the Law of Large Numbers of

Tychonov topology and invariant by translations. More generally one can define a shift space as the closed and translation-invariant subsets of A G {\displaystyle

vector, the four-momentum, and they are related by the relativistically invariant relation E 2 = m 2 c 4 + p 2 c 2 , {\displaystyle E^{2}=m^{2}c^{4}+p^{2}c^{2}

\mathbf {J} )^{2}.} An operator Ω ^ {\displaystyle {\widehat {\Omega }}} is invariant under a unitary transformation U if Ω ^ = U † Ω ^ U ; {\displaystyle {\widehat

from the formula, to be invariant functions. All these products turn out to be Casimir invariants with respect to the invariant Poisson bracket discussed

generates a conserved Weyl current according to Noether’s theorem. In scale-invariant cosmological models, this Weyl current naturally gives rise to a harmonic

squares does not have the property of units-invariance—i.e. it is not scale invariant. For a meaningful model we require this property to hold. A way forward

to have a prominent role in lipid antigen recognition. They are of an invariant nature. They may be triggered by alarm signals such as heat shock proteins

Lorentz invariant quantities like p ⋅ x = p μ x μ {\displaystyle p\cdot x=p_{\mu }x^{\mu }} only, the last expression is also a Lorentz invariant solution

and also due to Coulomb interaction. Since the strong interaction is invariant to protons and neutrons one can expect these mirror nuclei to have very

four generators) leaving the eigenvalues of the four-momentum vector Pμ invariant. It is usually denoted by W (or less often by S) and defined by: W μ =

cannot slow down to subluminal (slower-than-light) speeds. In a Lorentz invariant theory, the same formulas that apply to ordinary slower-than-light particles

A linear circuit with constant component values is called linear time-invariant (LTI). Informally, a linear circuit is one in which the electronic components'

parameters of a graph which characterize its topology and are usually graph invariant. Topological indices are used for example in the development of quantitative

becomes a global U(N) non-abelian group. In a model that is classically invariant under both N=1 supersymmetry and conformal transformations, the closure

simultaneous use of three separate abilities—invariant recognition, segmentation, and parsing to complete the task. Invariant recognition refers to the ability to

is a basic construction in Chern–Weil theory that computes topological invariants of vector bundles and principal bundles on a smooth manifold M in terms

related by Noether's theorem, which states that if the laws of physics are invariant with respect to a change in one of the conjugate variables, then the other