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searching for Electronegativity 82 found (476 total)

Radical (chemistry) (4,457 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

higher electronegativity of the carbon atom (due to the close proximity of s orbitals to the nucleus), and the greater the electronegativity the less

Silver sulfide (970 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sulfide is a network solid made up of silver (electronegativity of 1.98) and sulfur (electronegativity of 2.58) where the bonds have low ionic character

Cohesion (chemistry) (548 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

allows them to be attracted to each other. The polarity is due to the electronegativity of the atom of oxygen: oxygen is more electronegative than the atoms

Caesium fluoride (910 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

electropositivity of all commonly available elements and fluorine has the highest electronegativity. Caesium fluoride can be prepared by the reaction of caesium hydroxide

Gauche effect (865 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

source of stabilization in the gauche isomer. Due to the greater electronegativity of fluorine, the C−H σ orbital is a better electron donor than the

Oxophilicity (583 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

bases), but it has been shown that oxophilicity depends more on the electronegativity and effective nuclear charge of the element than on its hardness.

Bond valence method (3,276 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

main group elements as the electronegativity, though it differs in its numerical value from traditional electronegativity scales. Because it is defined

Fluorine nitrate (714 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of 0 due to its electronegativity being lower than that of fluorine but higher than that of nitrogen. The role of electronegativity also is significant

Pauling's principle of electroneutrality (1,136 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

caesium fluoride has a polar covalent bond. The large difference in electronegativity gives a calculated covalent character of 9%. In the crystal (CsF has

Tetrahedron (journal) (278 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

; Marsili, M. (1980). "Iterative partial equalization of orbital electronegativity - A rapid access to atomic charges". Tetrahedron. 36 (22): 3219–3228

Thiopyrylium (246 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

thiopyrylium is the most aromatic, due to sulfur having the similar Pauling electronegativity as carbon and only a slightly higher covalent radius. In water, thiopyrylium

Electrophilic aromatic directing groups (2,728 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

these groups compared to those reactions in benzene.) Due to the electronegativity difference between carbon and oxygen / nitrogen, there will be a slight

Photoredox catalysis (6,218 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

effect. According to the Pauling scale of electronegativity, both ruthenium and iridium have an electronegativity of 2.2. If this was the sole factor relevant

William B. Jensen (624 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the Chemical Revolution, Dallas, 1989). Jensen, William B. (1996). "Electronegativity from Avogadro to Pauling, part 1". Journal of Chemical Education.

Benzoylthiomethylecgonine (76 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

an oxygen on the single bonded benzoyl ester, resulting in lower electronegativity than the parent compound. Salicylmethylecgonine 2'-Acetoxycocaine

Three-center four-electron bond (1,215 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

interaction that may dominate in triatomic species with so-called "inverted electronegativity"; that is, a situation in which the central atom is more electronegative

Cuneane (427 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

doi:10.1002/cber.19731061217. M.I. Trofimov; E.A. Smolenskii (2000). "Electronegativity of atoms of ring-containing molecules—NMR spectroscopy data correlations:

Bromine compounds (2,374 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

transmutation (many of the heaviest elements beyond bismuth); and having an electronegativity higher than bromine's (oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, and chlorine),

Hydroxy group (1,505 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

can be readily deprotonated due to a large difference between the electronegativity of oxygen (3.5) and that of hydrogen (2.1). Hydroxy-containing compounds

Chromium(II) chloride (792 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Alkyl halides and nitroaromatics are reduced by CrCl2. The moderate electronegativity of chromium and the range of substrates that CrCl2 can accommodate

Gallium(III) bromide (869 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

ligands. The somewhat high oxidation state of Ga in Ga(III)Br3, low electronegativity, and high polarizability allow GaBr3 to behave as a "soft acid" in

Umpolung (1,784 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

contain heteroatoms, which polarize carbon skeletons by virtue of their electronegativity. Therefore, in standard organic reactions, the majority of new bonds

Sigma electron donor-acceptor (360 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sigma-electron substituent effect scale, described also as inductive and electronegativity related effect. There is also a complementary scale - pEDA. The more

Electrostriction (468 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

type of atom will be ionic to some extent due to the difference of electronegativity of the atoms, and therefore exhibit electrostriction. The resulting

Inert-pair effect (1,155 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. Electronegativity UC Davis ChemWiki by University of California, Davis Holleman, A.

Alkali metal halide (314 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

articles for these compounds. The numbers beside the compounds show the electronegativity difference between the elements based on the Pauling scale. The higher

Conrad Schnitzler (949 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Con Repetizione Contempora 00/045 – 00/053 1995 Charred Machinery Electronegativity 1997 00/106 The Piano Works 1 00/44 1999 Construction 00/071: Piano

Halonium ion (1,070 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

bromine to chlorine also weakens bridging character, due to the higher electronegativity of chlorine and lower propensity to share electron density compared

Sour cream (2,439 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

At a pH of 6.5 the casein micelles repulse each other due to the electronegativity of the outer layer of the micelle. During this drop in pH there is

Stacking (chemistry) (3,561 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

The quadrupole moment is reversed for hexafluorobenzene due to the electronegativity of fluorine. The benzene dimer in the sandwich configuration is stabilized

Covalent radius (774 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

affinity Electron configuration Periodic table Sanderson, R. T. (1983). "Electronegativity and Bond Energy". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 105 (8):

Choline transporter (774 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Moreover, it was found that the choline uptake is also influenced by the electronegativity of the plasma membrane. When the concentration of potassium ions is

Electrophilic aromatic substitution (2,089 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

electrophilic substitution on pyridine is much slower, due to the higher electronegativity of the nitrogen atom. Additionally, the nitrogen in pyridine easily

Heteroatom-promoted lateral lithiation (1,692 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Lewis basic heteroatom, as well as inductive effects derived from the electronegativity of the heteroatom, encourage selective deprotonation at the benzylic

Amide (2,121 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

charge on the oxygen gained through resonance. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen than nitrogen, the carbonyl (C=O) is a stronger dipole than

VSEPR theory (4,038 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

lone pair to most greatly repel other electron pairs when the ligand electronegativity is greater than or equal to that of the central atom. In O(SiH3)2

Lead dioxide (1,460 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

poisonous to aquatic life. Meek, Terry L.; Garner, Leah D. (2005-02-01). "Electronegativity and the Bond Triangle". Journal of Chemical Education. 82 (2): 325

Group 13/15 multiple bonds (3,100 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

isoelectronicity with C-C multiple bonds. Nevertheless, the difference of electronegativity between group 13 and 15 leads to different character of bondings comparing

Ketone (2,948 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

acids, esters and amides. The carbonyl group is polar because the electronegativity of the oxygen is greater than that for carbon. Thus, ketones are nucleophilic

Hydride (2,333 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

flammable. According to IUPAC convention, by precedence (stylized electronegativity), hydrogen falls between group 15 and group 16 elements. Therefore

Cation–π interaction (4,101 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

lone pair does not contribute to aromaticity (e.g. pyridine), the electronegativity of the heteroatom wins out and weakens the cation–π binding ability

1939 in science (1,356 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

hybridization theory, covalent bonding and ionic bonding as explained through electronegativity, and resonance as a means to explain, among other things, the structure

Fluorine compounds (8,549 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

having similar bonding and crystal structures. Owing to its high electronegativity, fluorine stabilizes metals in higher oxidation states with high M:halide

P-Chiral phosphine (218 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

PMID 25246969. Mislow, Kurt; Baechler, Raymond D. (1971). "Effect of ligand electronegativity on the inversion barrier of phosphines". Journal of the American Chemical

Zirconium hydride (1,779 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

bulk with increasing temperature. The hydrogen is anionic due to the electronegativity difference between Zr and H. When prepared as thin films, the crystal

Chemical ionization (2,129 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

toward oxidizing agents and alkylating agents. Because of the high electronegativity of halogen atoms, NCI is a common choice for their analysis. This

Lewis structure (2,119 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

valence shells of all atoms, preference is given to those atoms whose electronegativity is higher. Lewis structures for polyatomic ions may be drawn by the

Iodine compounds (3,547 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

transmutation (many of the heaviest elements beyond bismuth); and having an electronegativity higher than iodine's (oxygen, nitrogen, and the first three halogens)

Cupronickel (3,687 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

components. Cupronickel lacks a copper color due to nickel's high electronegativity, which causes a loss of one electron in copper's d-shell (leaving

Silane (2,212 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

bonds are equal and their length is 147.98 pm. Because of the greater electronegativity of hydrogen in comparison to silicon, this Si–H bond polarity is the

Diphosphenes (2,521 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The vacant p orbitals enable it to accept the electrons, while low electronegativity reflects the σ donors properties. Computational studies predicted

Tennessine (10,742 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the dissociation energy of the TsF molecule because it lowers the electronegativity of tennessine, causing the bond with the extremely electronegative

Pyrylium (1,156 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and 6 positions, which can induce a variety of reactions. The high electronegativity of the oxygen results in strong single perturbation by one heteroatom

Hydrogen compounds (1,492 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1 and 2 metals, the term is quite misleading, considering the low electronegativity of hydrogen. An exception in group 2 hydrides is BeH2, which is polymeric

Oxygen reduction reaction (1,213 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the electron configuration too, since these atoms have different electronegativity and electron configuration. Gewirth, Andrew A.; Varnell, Jason A.;

Boron suboxide (1,030 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

strength of bonding in B6O may be enhanced by the presence of a high electronegativity interstitial in the structure. The computational calculations confirm

Artem Oganov (2,145 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

electronegativities of the chemical elements. Extending the definition of electronegativity to high pressures and tabulating electronegativities and chemical

Cyanogen halide (651 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of cyanogen halides takes place in different ways depending on the electronegativity of the halogen and the resulting different polarity of the X-C bond

Anti-periplanar (980 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

electron acceptor, then the bonding orbital will be able to donate electronegativity into the anti-bonding orbital. This filled-to-unfilled donor-acceptor

Atrazine chlorohydrolase (535 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

chlorine but not azido, cyano, methoxy, which are of similar size and electronegativity, or thiomethyl or amino groups. The inability of AtzA to perform deamination

Herbert S. Gutowsky (3,731 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Illinois physicist Charles Pence Slichter used correlations between the electronegativity of atoms bound to fluorine and the chemical shift data from the group's

Mulliken population analysis (830 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

although still arbitrary, relates the partitioning in some way to the electronegativity difference between the corresponding atoms. Another problem is the

Acid–base reaction (4,969 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Ralph G. (1983). "Absolute hardness: companion parameter to absolute electronegativity". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 105 (26): 7512–7516. doi:10

Metal-induced gap states (1,261 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

parameter adjustable for the specific metal, dependent mostly on its electronegativity, X M {\displaystyle X_{M}} . Tersoff showed that the experimentally

ECW model (2,134 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

; Wong, N. S. (1996). "The Role of Electron-Density Transfer and Electronegativity in Understanding Chemical Reactivity and Bonding". Journal of Chemical

Mass spectral interpretation (2,827 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Alcohols generally have weak molecular ion peaks due to the strong electronegativity of oxygen. “Alpha” cleavage is common due to the resonance stabilization

Tert-Butylphosphaacetylene (735 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

either the triple bond or the nonbonding electrons on P. The higher electronegativity of carbon (2.5) over phosphorus (2.2) leads to polarized Cδ−≡Pδ+ bonds

Trifluoromethylation (4,064 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that de facto mandates that Allen electronegativity be used; the more commonly encountered Pauling electronegativity scale would imply that the molecule

Trisilaallene (1,551 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and reactivity study. The low electronegativity of silyl substituents compared to alkyl substituents resulted in a

Proline-catalyzed aldol reactions (2,633 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(S)-N-nitroso aldol product in agreement with Pauling’s chart of electronegativity. Sodiumborohydride reduction of the primarily formed aldol products

Flerovium (11,997 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Flerovium(IV) should be even more electronegative than lead(IV); lead(IV) has electronegativity 2.33 on the Pauling scale, though the lead(II) value is only 1.87

LISICON (940 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the ionic bonding Li+ ions experienced due to chlorine's lower electronegativity. The conductivities are almost 100 times higher in thio-LISICONs,

Aza-Cope rearrangement (5,704 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

would be stabilized by participation in an amide bond, and that the electronegativity of this amide group would lower the LUMO of the imine group, making

Stereoelectronic effect (2,834 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

σ*(C–X). When moving from fluorine to chlorine, then to bromine, the electronegativity of the halogen and the energy level of the σ*(C–X) orbitals decreases

Willard Gibbs Award (5,878 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

covalent radii of atoms; for quantitation of the classical theory of electronegativity; for extension and application of the resonance principle to chemistry;

Ionospheric storm (3,229 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

usyd.edu.au. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-97123-5_4. "Ionization Energy and Electronegativity". butane.chem.uiuc.edu. Retrieved 2020-05-28. Buonsanto, M.J. (1999)

Nitrogen compounds (4,297 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

hydrogen bonding in NH3 is weaker than that in H2O due to the lower electronegativity of nitrogen compared to oxygen and the presence of only one lone pair

Strengthening mechanisms of materials (6,877 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the decrease of covalent radius of the impurity and the increase of electronegativity of the impurity would lead to the increase of the grain boundary energy

List of cocaine analogues (5,555 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the oxygen at the benzoyl ester single bond results in a lower electronegativity than that of cocaine. Cocaine reverse ester (REC) REC is a cocaine

Second-order Jahn-Teller distortion in main-group element compounds (1,244 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The exact electronic configuration, however, is dependent on the electronegativity of the main group element. The distortion to tetrahedral geometry

Silicon compounds (5,607 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

covalent silicon tetrafluoride molecules, as dictated by the lower electronegativity of aluminium than silicon, the stoichiometry (the +4 oxidation state

Optical glass (7,700 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to reduce the dispersion and index of the glass: fluorine's high electronegativity and the smaller radius of fluorine ions are responsible for this.