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Longer titles found: Diffraction-limited storage ring (view), Diffraction-limited system (view), Diffraction efficiency (view), Diffraction from slits (view), Diffraction grating (view), Diffraction in time (view), Diffraction spike (view), Diffraction standard (view), Diffraction tomography (view), Diffraction topography (view), Neutron diffraction (view), Electron diffraction (view), Powder diffraction (view), Fraunhofer diffraction (view), Fresnel diffraction (view), Dynamical theory of diffraction (view), Low-energy electron diffraction (view), Coherent diffraction imaging (view), Microcrystal electron diffraction (view), Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (view), Selected area diffraction (view), Atmospheric diffraction (view), Kirchhoff's diffraction formula (view), Electron backscatter diffraction (view), Fiber diffraction (view), Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (view), International Centre for Diffraction Data (view), Multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction (view), Uniform theory of diffraction (view), Laser diffraction analysis (view), Single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (view), Convergent beam electron diffraction (view), Grazing incidence diffraction (view), Fraunhofer diffraction equation (view), Gas electron diffraction (view), Ultrafast electron diffraction (view), Schaefer–Bergmann diffraction (view), Biot–Tolstoy–Medwin diffraction model (view), Time-of-flight diffraction ultrasonics (view), Precession electron diffraction (view), Anomalous diffraction theory (view), Point diffraction interferometer (view), Clay mineral X-ray diffraction (view), Engineering diffraction (view)

searching for Diffraction 124 found (4175 total)

alternate case: diffraction

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interference fringes observed by Young were the diffraction pattern of the double slit, this chapter [Fraunhofer diffraction] is, therefore, a continuation of Chapter

separation, optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. He is most noted for initiating and leading early X-ray diffraction studies on DNA at King's College London

A holographic weapon sight or holographic diffraction sight is a non-magnifying gunsight that allows the user to look through a glass optical window and

materials. Unlike crystalline materials, which exhibit strong Bragg diffraction, the diffraction patterns of amorphous materials are characterized by broad and

which was confirmed by neutron diffraction at 1.5 K. The structure is non-rigid, as evidenced by electron diffraction studies. Rhenium heptafluoride can

1360376(18) Å. Its crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction; the bond length in the solid state is 2.179(2) Å and the shortest intermolecular

transmitted the genetic code. Randall assigned him to work on X-ray diffraction with Maurice Wilkins, analysing samples of DNA which they prepared by

Birkbeck College in 1953. Franklin is best known for her work on the X-ray diffraction images of DNA while at King's College London, particularly Photo 51,

Lester Germer (1896–1971), Davisson discovered that electrons can undergo diffraction, in accordance with French physicist Louis de Broglie's theory that electrons

for instance by Community in their SQ 90 high-frequency horn. JBL's diffraction or "Smith" horn was a variation on the radial design, using a very small

chromatography. In 2008, Varian bought Oxford Diffraction, a British company specializing in X-ray diffraction equipment. On 27 July 2009, Agilent Technologies

diamonds and illuminated by X-rays and visible light. In this way, X-ray diffraction and fluorescence; optical absorption and photoluminescence; Mössbauer

spectrum, then the light goes through the sample to a dispersion array (diffraction grating instrument) and captured by a photodiode. For astronomical purposes

nitrate with sodium hypochlorite and characterized using powder X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997)

describe the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA, using X-ray diffraction and the mathematics of a helix transform. It was published by Francis

rocks. He is also noted for his unpublished proposal of the wave-like diffraction of electron particles by a crystal. The subsequent Davisson–Germer experiment

VLT-SPHERE instrument. The Zurich Imaging Polarimeter (ZIMPOL) provides diffraction limited classical imaging and differential polarimetric imaging (DPI)

detector behind the slit detecting photon 1, shows a diffraction pattern. The width of the diffraction pattern for photon 2 increases when the slit in the

1107/s0567739478001540. "Bessel functions and diffraction by helical structures". planetphysics.org.[permanent dead link] "X-Ray Diffraction Patterns of Double-Helical Deoxyribonucleic

Wehnelt cylinders and apertures. LaB6 is also used as an X-ray powder diffraction (XRD or pXRD) peak position and line shape reference standard. It is

wave of known frequency through the material, and using the laws of diffraction to determine its atomic spacing. The atomic spacing of amorphous materials

Due to the small size, positive identification usually requires x-ray diffraction or SEM-EDS (automated mineralogy) analysis. Illite occurs as an altered

Drumoak Manse in 1638 was the birthplace of James Gregory, discoverer of diffraction gratings a year after Newton's prism experiments, and inventor of the

concentrations of defect atoms. Crystallinity can be measured using x-ray diffraction, but calorimetric techniques are also commonly used. In geochemistry

taken from the Tenham meteorite. The team used micro-focused X-rays for diffraction analysis and fast-readout area-detector techniques to avoid damage to

significantly from the Copenhagen approach in its view of diffraction. The Copenhagen interpretation of diffraction, especially in the viewpoint of Niels Bohr, puts

In mathematics, the projection-slice theorem, central slice theorem or Fourier slice theorem in two dimensions states that the results of the following

sulfide. The result was conformed to be actinium(III) sulfide by x-ray diffraction. "Diactinium trisulphide". WebElements. Retrieved 16 April 2021. Zachariasen

Wayback Machine. Accessed 12 December 2008. "Diffraction and Optimum Aperture – Format size and diffraction limitations on sharpness". www.bobatkins.com

contributions of Franklin, Gosling, Stokes, Wilson, and Wilkins to "DNA X-ray diffraction studies". Known by the name Alec, Stokes was born in Macclesfield, Cheshire

the mathematics of Gaussian beams. Gaussian laser beams are said to be diffraction limited when their radial beam divergence θ = Θ / 2 {\displaystyle \theta

vivo. From the very early stages of structural studies of DNA by X-ray diffraction and biochemical means, molecular models such as the Watson-Crick nucleic

Individual mineral grains from a rock sample may also be analyzed by X-ray diffraction when optical means are insufficient. Analysis of microscopic fluid inclusions

of the new technologies developed by chemists and physicists: X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, ultracentrifugation, and electrophoresis. These

Nanoscopy Coherent and Time-resolsed X-ray Scattering X-ray Spectroscopy e Diffraction in Extreme Conditions Infrared Micro and Nanospectroscopy Resonant Inelastic

(1988-09-01). "Large dynamic range, parallel detection system for electron diffraction and imaging". Review of Scientific Instruments. 59 (9): 2102–2105. Bibcode:1988RScI

advanced a structure for the collagen triple helix on the basis of fiber diffraction data. It consists of a triple helix made of the repetitious amino acid

Planar chirality, also known as 2D chirality, is the special case of chirality for two dimensions. Most fundamentally, planar chirality is a mathematical

smelling and toxic. The class of boranes was elucidated using X-ray diffraction analysis by Lipscomb et al. in the 1950s. The X-ray data indicated two-electron

the beam, e.g. X-ray diffraction with the Laue method, or electron diffraction in a transmission electron microscope. The diffraction figure shows spots

surface along with Pu2O3, PuO2 and a higher oxide identified by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as the mixed-valence phase PuIV3−xPuVIxO6+x

2 O {\displaystyle {\ce {(ND4)2Fe(SO4)2.6D2O}}} at 4.3 K by neutron diffraction". Acta Crystallogr. C45: 942–944. doi:10.1107/S0108270188013903. Greenwood

than purely ionic; charge density determination by synchrotron x-ray diffraction indicates that the magnesium atom is fully ionised and spherical in shape

for developing super-resolution imaging techniques that get past the diffraction limits of traditional light microscopes, allowing scientists to visualize

his first graduate students, Lawrence O. Brockway, utilized electron diffraction intensities to determine the structure of the oxygen and fluorine bond

for developing super-resolution imaging techniques that get past the diffraction limits of traditional light microscopes, allowing scientists to visualize

his first graduate students, Lawrence O. Brockway, utilized electron diffraction intensities to determine the structure of the oxygen and fluorine bond

free radical halogenation: The structure has been examined by electron diffraction. Benzyl bromide is used in organic synthesis for the introduction of

research into the diffraction and interference of light under C. V. Raman, enhancing Raman's previous research on the diffraction of monochromatic light

reliable of which is x-ray diffraction. This uses a beam of x-rays that are scattered by the sample, giving a diffraction pattern as a set of rings. The

studies on ligand binding, allosteric modulation, and gating using X-ray diffraction and cryoelectron microscopy. Mayer was educated at the University of

resonance spectra, rather than X-ray diffraction, could be used." This goal was partially achieved, although X-ray diffraction is still necessary to determine

for thymidine's CH3 group. The Br substitution can be used in X-ray diffraction experiments in crystals containing either DNA or RNA. The Br atom acts

PhD at King's College London, receiving her thesis in 1977 entitled Diffraction studies of retinal rod outer segment membranes. Saibil went on to work

in X-ray related technologies, including X-ray crystallography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray reflectivity, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), automation, cryogenics

Humphreys, Colin John (1969). Aspects of multiple beam electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction topography. jisc.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge

of polyamines in solution. The first published reports of A-DNA X-ray diffraction patterns—and also B-DNA—used analyses based on Patterson functions that

as a physical structure an Ammann–Beenker tiling will produce Bragg diffraction; the diffractogram reveals both the underlying eightfold symmetry and

red cadmium line's wavelength, and Babinet's principle that similar diffraction patterns are produced by two complementary screens. He was the first

Liverpool into crystal structures using x-ray diffraction. His research into crystal structures using x-ray diffraction became his primary research interest,

facet Pellin–Broca prism Abbe prism Grism, a dispersive prism with a diffraction grating on its surface Féry prism Spectral dispersion is the best known

can be identified by its distinctive infrared spectrum and its X-ray diffraction pattern. It was first described in 1816 in Gräfenthal, Thuringia, Germany

powerful method in surface science, based on analysis of surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) patterns from a crystalline surface. For an infinite crystal,

the Medical Research Council at Cambridge, where he worked on X-ray diffraction studies on muscle fibres. In the 1950s he was one of the first to use

F. (June 1990). "Indexing of the Powder Diffraction Pattern of Yttrium Oxalate Dihydrate". Powder Diffraction. 5 (2): 104–105. Bibcode:1990PDiff...5.

often found in the field of spectroscopy where it is used to analyze diffraction patterns (e.g. see Fabry–Pérot interferometer). The probability density

Using standard far field visible light optics a resolution far below the diffraction limit down to molecular scales can be obtained. With conventional microscopy

is often used to crystallize amavadin to obtain a good quality X-ray diffraction. Oxidized amavadin can be isolated as its PPh4+ salt. The oxidized form

comparable in many respects since the light is collected at a lower diffraction limit and is not combined in the same way. Also, an interferometric mode

platform for advancements in structural analysis techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and vibrational spectroscopy, contributing

of diffraction and aberrations and derived what is now known as the Maréchal criterion. Formally, that a wavefront can be regarded as diffraction-limited

with minor inclusions of Na2O (0.40 wt.%) and Al2O3 (1.14 wt.%). X-ray diffraction reveals that the mineral has scrutinyite (α-PbO2) type structure with

electrons, and for their magnetic moment. When an experimentally found diffraction pattern deviates from the mathematically derived Mott scattering, it

Predictor Reflex, Reflex Plus, Reflex QPA: to assist the interpretation of diffraction data for determination of crystallic structure, to validate the results

and M. J. Whelan "for their contributions to the theory of electron diffraction and microscopy, and its application to the study of lattice defects in

is also notable for his work with D. Phil Woodruff, on photoelectron diffraction. Bradshaw died in Berlin on 10 October 2024, at the age of 80. "Prof

investigations by gas electron diffractions were unable to describe the observed diffraction pattern in full and only the application of a four-dimensional model

colloids. The most general setup of FXS is a situation in which fast diffraction snapshots of models are taken which over a long time period undergo a

in experiment stations at the end of each beamline and is examined by diffraction, spectroscopy, or imaging techniques to determine physical structure

molecules in the second shell. Diffraction by neutrons also give a radial distribution function. In contrast to X-ray diffraction, neutrons are scattered by

polytypic) with kaolinite. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system. X-ray diffraction analysis is required for positive identification. Nacrite was first described

Schulz; Brian Leonard; Francis J. DiSalvo (2010). "Single-Crystal X-Ray Diffraction Study of Na[OCN] at 170 K and its Vibrational Spectra". Zeitschrift für

birnessite and hexagonal birnessite; I, Results from X-ray diffraction and selected-area electron diffraction". American Mineralogist. 82 (9–10): 946–961. Bibcode:1997AmMin

sodium and potassium. Dickite occurs with other clays and requires x-ray diffraction for its positive identification. Dickite is an important alteration

and actual resolution of almost 0.1 arcseconds, which is close to the diffraction limit. At crescent phase, Venus measures between 60.2 and 66 seconds

from the University of St. Andrews in 1965. His thesis is titled The diffraction of light by ultrasound. He has spent his whole career at the University

GeH3GeH2GeH3 were determined in the following decade using electron diffraction studies. Further considerations of the compound involved examinations

doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2009.06.025. Soper, A. K. (2011). "Boroxol rings from diffraction data on vitreous boron trioxide". J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 23 (36):

physics at the University of Manchester in 1998. His thesis, Double Diffraction Dissociation at Large Momentum Transfer, was supervised by Robin Marshall

Berkeley National Laboratory for her experiments with high powered x-ray diffraction. In 2009, she took a leave of absence from Berkeley to work at Genentech

In(C5H4Me) by x-ray diffraction and electron diffraction techniques and a reinvestigation of the crystalline state of In(C5H5) by x-ray diffraction studies". Organometallics

In(C5H4Me) by x-ray diffraction and electron diffraction techniques and a reinvestigation of the crystalline state of In(C5H5) by x-ray diffraction studies". Organometallics

and holds the secondary mirror. The resulting system has less coma and diffraction effects than a Newtonian telescope with a parabolic mirror (which is

; Steidl, H. (1982). "Hydrogen Bonds in Na2S·9D2O: Neutron Diffraction, X-Ray Diffraction and Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies". Inorganica Chimica Acta

direct light. In Young's experiment, the individual slits display a diffraction pattern on top of which is overlaid interference fringes from the two

same way that the structure of natural crystals gives rise to X-ray diffraction and that the atomic lattices (crystal structure) of semiconductors affect

the performance (brightness and crosstalk) can be simulated by Fresnel diffraction theory. From these simulations, the following can be deduced. If the

phenomenon in the diffraction patterns of light transmitted through quasi-periodic nanohole arrays. Optical foci much smaller than the diffraction limit were

planes. Typically, the two planes are the image plane and the far field (diffraction) plane, and the wavefront propagation between these two planes is given

from Okumura model and develops it further to realize the effects of diffraction, reflection and scattering caused by city structures. Additionally, the

narrower peaks and have a width that is four times smaller than the diffraction limit in classical lithography. Quantum lithography has potential applications

known crystallization degree. X-ray diffraction Regular arrangement of atoms and molecules produce sharp diffraction peaks whereas amorphous regions result

crystal structures produce identical diffraction patterns; therefore, they cannot be distinguished by a diffraction experiment. Recently, a Monte Carlo

the secondary and eliminates the need for a 'spider' that would cause diffraction spikes. The disadvantage is that, if all spherical surfaces are used

possibly scapolite. The use of microscopic refractive index data and X-ray diffraction patterns are needed to distinguish some saussurite simulants from true

primary, most accessible source of crystallinity information is X-ray diffraction and cryo-electron microscopy, although other techniques may be needed

possibly scapolite. The use of microscopic refractive index data and X-ray diffraction patterns are needed to distinguish some saussurite simulants from true

Particles and Plasmas, CRC, 2018. Cullity DB, Stock SR, Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, 3rd ed, Pearson, 2014. Eringen AC, Maugin GA, Electrodynamics of Continua

decamethyldizincocene, including x-ray diffraction, 1H NMR, and mass spectrometry. Through X-ray diffraction methods it has been found that the zinc

with trimethylsilyl groups in place of two hydrogen atoms. An electron diffraction study shows that silicon-nitrogen bond length (173.5 pm) and Si-N-Si

X-ray source for various scientific analysis methods, such as X-ray diffraction. Iron-55 is also a source for Auger electrons, which are produced during

measure of the agreement between the crystallographic model and the diffraction data R0 or R number, the basic reproduction number in epidemiology In

by diffraction and the vision is pupil independent. However, the physics behind a diffractive IOL appears different from the well-known diffraction at

of stress is made utilizing data gathered from in-situ [x-ray diffraction]. Diffraction data is used to determine the d-spacing of certain crystallographic

represents the diffraction efficiency. Maximum diffraction efficiency is limited by nonlinear effects. Linear regime persists up to diffraction efficiencies

1964 with first-class honours. He went on to do research on electron diffraction for an MSc, again gaining a first in 1966. He was then awarded a Commonwealth

known for the Maggie-Rubinowicz representation of Gustav Kirchhoff’s diffraction formula. He was born in Sadagóra, Bukovina, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire

extent of refractive index modulation produced per unit of exposure. Diffraction efficiency is proportional to the square of the index modulation times

associate researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Neutron Diffraction Laboratory until 1979, when he accepted the position of assistant professor

modulation of the XSW field, described by the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction, undergoes a pronounced change when the sample is scanned through the

In(C5H4Me) by x-ray diffraction and electron diffraction techniques and a reinvestigation of the crystalline state of In(C5H5) by x-ray diffraction studies". Organometallics

proton in their nuclei, are not visible. This is the reason that X-ray diffraction has a difficult time locating hydrogen positions. Most molecular modeling

methods from infrared to X-rays, and structural methods such as X-ray diffraction and scattering. SOLEIL contains electrons travelling with an energy of

engineering). In collaboration with Danish scientists, he also used X-ray diffraction to investigate thin molecular films with synchrotron radiation at DESY