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Longer titles found: Phonological history of English consonant clusters (view)

searching for Consonant cluster 298 found (427 total)

alternate case: consonant cluster

Shcha (472 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Rusyn, it represents the consonant cluster /ʃt͡ʃ/, something like cash-chest. In Bulgarian, it represents the consonant cluster /ʃt/, like the pronunciation

medial letters to form a consonant cluster: medial La (◌ᩖ a.k.a La Noi), medial Ra (ᩕ a.k.a Rawong), and medial Wa. Consonant cluster with medial Wa is the

khmêr, the vowel ែ ê precedes the consonant cluster ខ្ម khm, but in braille the vowel ⠣ ê follows the consonant cluster ⠅⠧⠍ khm, thus: ⠅⠧⠍⠣⠗ khmêr. The

Flow Chart of Consonant Cluster Phonotactics

middle of a word. For example, in the word ᬢᬫ᭄‌ᬩ᭄ᬮᬂ, temblang, the consonant cluster mbl is spelled ⟨ᬫ + ◌᭄ + ᬩ + ◌᭄ᬮ⟩. For a few letters, ⟨ᬧ, pa⟩, ⟨ᬨ

hypothetical form *δεδείκνται dedeikntai, which has the disallowed consonant cluster -knt-, so one would instead say δεδειγμένοι εἰσί dedeigmenoi eisi

line) is shown by moving the sign ko downward. In written kana, a consonant cluster involving y or w is indicated by writing the second kana smaller than

Many local variants of the Greek alphabet were employed in ancient Greece during the archaic and early classical periods, until around 400 BC, when they

mātrā, and long vowels, diphthongs, or a short vowel followed by a consonant cluster counts as two mātrās. In recitation, however, long vowels may be pronounced

word medially. In this research Whitman found that the stop + stop consonant cluster čd, as in áčda ('then'), shows up in the word medial position but

also occur in the second consonant position of a syllable initial consonant cluster in stressed syllables. /ɻ/ is normally realised as a voiced retroflexed

CV(ː)C, or CV(ː)CC), C1 may be any consonant. When the onset is a two consonant cluster (i.e., CCV(ː), CCV(ː)C, or CCV(ː)CC), C1 may only be /ts, tʃ, k, kʷ/

second member of a consonant cluster consisting of a coronal consonant and /r/, and as the second member of any consonant cluster preceded by /i/. [ɻ]

stress timing were distinguishing features, the meaning of a vowel-consonant cluster like "Pai" (as in the English word "Pie") may depend on whether the

/-li/ may be deleted if the resulting syllable, after deletion, is a consonant cluster. The other process occurs when the verbal suffix /-li/ precedes the

consonant or two-consonant cluster, have one vowel sound, and may end without consonants or with a consonant or two-consonant cluster. Phonological restrictions

ZWNJ. In Bengali, when the Bengali letter য occurs at the end of a consonant cluster—i.e., য preceded by a ◌্ (hôsôntô)—it appears in a special shape,

commonly realised as the palatalised [t͡ɕ] /t͡s/ may be realised as the consonant cluster [ts̠]. In the Soikkola dialect, consonants have a three-way distinction

may occur in the coda except the semivowels and /ng/. With a coda consonant cluster, the first consonant may only be /p, t, k, l̪, ʟ/ (the two common

words beginning with s- (without a consonant cluster) can alliterate with words beginning with a consonant cluster beginning with s- (such as sp-, st-

does not occur when the ellision of -e or -o results in a terminal consonant cluster. Due to the evolution of the word ÁRBORE(M) in Aragonese, this example

quite common; such words can come from either Kluge's law or the consonant cluster /sp/ (PIE: *p has been preserved after s). P is the eighth least frequently

vowel or a consonant cluster at the beginning of a word is placed in the same syllable as the following vowel. This consonant or consonant cluster forms the

often reduces to a flap [ɾ] when it occurs as the second segment in a consonant cluster. Before the palatal finals /c/ and /ɲ/, there is an audible palatal

an allophone of /ɣ/ after a nasal. [ɾ] is an allophone of /l/ in a consonant cluster or a CVCV structure. [ɱ] is an allophone of /m/ before labiodental

words like: schedule, which may be pronounced either with the /sk/ consonant cluster or the /ʃ/ sound. The former is more common in American English, the

words like: schedule, which may be pronounced either with the /sk/ consonant cluster or the /ʃ/ sound. The former is more common in American English, the

[ˈɑˌb̪͡viˌəs] 'obvious' Occasional pronunciation of a /bv/ or /pv/ consonant cluster. Italian Some central-south dialects in vetta [iɱˈb̪͡vet̪t̪ä] 'at

the second vowel of a word was deleted unless it was adjacent to a consonant cluster or a final consonant. Apheresis (linguistics) Apocope Clipping (morphology)

(*): /qh/ and /v/, are only heard in different dialects. Prenasal consonant cluster sounds include /ᵐd, ᵐd͡z, ᵐt͡s, ᵐt͡sʰ/. Sounds /t͡s, t͡sʰ, ⁿd͡z/ are

(king) > erain (kings) a with consonant cluster following #1 > e – narn (saga) > nern (sagas) a with consonant cluster following #2 > ai – cant (outline

Noun-class system of Eggon Mimeo, Ibadan. Maddieson, I. (1982) Unusual consonant cluster and complex segments in Eggon Studies in African Linguistics, Supplement

for /s/, which can be used both as a coda and in an initial /sC/ consonant cluster. The languages of India and Southeast Asia, as well as the Ethiopian

This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For

Roots can also have a more complex onset and coda, consisting of a consonant cluster (multiple consonants). These include: *dʰwes- 'to breathe', *h₁rewdʰ-

three-consonant cluster beginning a word, the vowel /a/ is often used as a "buffer" between the prefix and the word-initial consonant cluster. Single-consonant

Fang-Kuei as *gljung. Coblin argues that the Bailang word retains the consonant cluster of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *klu·ŋ, which has been lost in Proto-Lolo-Burmese

voiced, unvoiced and pre-glottalized with aspiration described as a consonant cluster involving simple (i.e. not pre-glottalized) stops plus /h/. Analyses

structure of Ga is (C)(C)V(C), where the second phoneme of an initial consonant cluster can only be /l/ and a final consonant may only be a (short or long)

formed by adding suffixes to the stem. Some verbal stems having a consonant cluster at the end become expanded with a so-called "voyelle de soutien" ы

[w]. Whenever [v] occurs intervocally or as the first element of a consonant cluster, it may be dropped altogether. This results in pronunciations such

the syllable initial position and also as the second member of a consonant cluster in the syllable initial position. For example, /bɛda/ -> [bɛɾa], 'kind

reduced to half-closed back [o] pulau /pulau/ ≙ [pulo] 'island' Mid consonant cluster /mb/ is reduced to [m] sembilan /səmbilan/ ≙ [səmilan] 'nine' Glottal

gaː "excrement" and ᵑgaː "wing, feather". The most frequent type of consonant cluster is formed by a stop and /ɾ/. In general, lenis consonants, except

without [m]. Arikara distinguishes between the affricate [t͡ʃ] and the consonant cluster /t+ʃ/: čipátš 'knotweed' = [t͡ʃiˈpətʃ] Voiced consonants in Arikara

derives historically from ŋ–nasal vowel. Phonetically, a stop–flap consonant cluster will be separated by an obscure epenthetic vowel with the quality

systems. Khroskyabs dialects present complex consonant clusters. A consonant cluster in Wobzi is composed of three parts, preinitial(s), initial and medial

("Listen closely!") is an entirely consonantal syllable, and its consonant cluster does not occur initially in regular English words. Shh [ʃːː] ("Quiet

ᰣ‎. A vowel-carrier with no diacritic represents the sound /a/. A consonant cluster can be formed by adding one of the subjoiners to a base letter. Written

on, etc." with final *b assimilated and the resulting geminated consonant cluster *pp simplified to *p *-pьn-, yielding Serbo-Croatian -pan- with strong

epenthetic i- prefix is also added, since words cannot begin with a consonant cluster. An example is اجتهد ijtahada "he worked hard", from جهد jahada "he

transcription of the Thai pronunciation attributable to the fact that the consonant cluster /sr/ doesn't occur natively in Thai speech [1] Archived 2011-10-06

fricative Can occur in all syllable positions, and in the initial consonant cluster /st/. The affricate /ts/ is treated as a unit rather than two successive

ganibang, a 1489 book on medicine. The word became chɑppsɑl () with consonant cluster reduction and then became chɑpsɑl () with degemination. Due to the

*h, since this new *s was not affected by the previous change. The consonant cluster *ts (as in Proto-Indo-Iranian *matsya- "fish") has merged to *c, since

dental lateral [l̪] mainly occurs as an allophone of /l/ within the consonant cluster /lt̪/. /t/ may be realized as a voiced stop [d] when after /n/, or

English: "Town" sounds like [taʊŋ] and "ground" sounds like [graʊŋ]. Consonant cluster are often reduced. Ain't ([ɛ̃ː], [ɛn] or [ɛnt]) is frequently used

consonant replaced with shm- (table shmable). Words beginning with a consonant cluster are more variable: some speakers replace only the first consonant

as Sultinges, its Norman-speaking clerks being unfamiliar with the consonant-cluster -mpt. As the toponymist Adrian Room noted, there is no obviously marshy

(kortvokalstød): some monosyllabic words with a short vowel and a coda consonant cluster have stød when the definite suffix follows: præst [pʁæst] 'priest'

vowel-ending forms with 'bound' verbs where the verb root began with a consonant cluster (palse "they see"). In first and second person plural forms, tense/aspect/mood

consonants, due to the rules of Greek and Latin syllabification. In a consonant cluster, one consonant ends the preceding syllable and the rest start the

/ləkas/ [lɔkɛh] 'quick' /s/ in final /is/ nipis /nipis/ [nipih] 'thin' /s/ in final /us/ ≙ Consonant cluster /ʲh/ rebus /rəbus/ [ɣɔbuʲh]~[ɣɔbʉh] 'boil'

may be the open (C)(C)V(V) or the closed (C)(C)VC. Possible onset consonant cluster combinations are as follows: /pl pr pʰl pʰr tʰr kl kr kʰr/. There

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

in the syllable is lengthened further, as is any long consonant or consonant cluster at the end of that syllable. A long syllable without suprasegmental

less successful at this task if the onset of the syllable contains a consonant cluster, such as /fr/ or /fl/. Liberman et al. found that no 4-year-olds and

clusters in line, the Khmer writing system puts a second member of a consonant cluster under the initial consonant, adding extra difficulty for coding. After

affricate /tʃ/ is realized as [s] when it occurs as the first member of a consonant cluster and the geminate is realized as [ttʃ]. The only voiced plosive in

to represent both the phoneme /d͡z/ and the separately occurring consonant cluster /d.z/ which Ukrainian phonotactics assimilate as /d͡z.z/. Belarusian

Blatgildus, Blatgisus. Denis Sinor considered that the name begins with consonant cluster, and as such it cannot be of Altaic origin. In 455 is recorded the

derives historically from the voiceless-released first member of a consonant cluster, as in the neighboring and possibly related Yana language. This is

transcription of the Thai pronunciation attributable to the fact that the consonant cluster /sr/ doesn't occur natively in Thai speech [1]. "รู้จัก 'อีอีซี'

anusvāra (◌ं), homophonically used for homorganic nasalization in a consonant cluster following the vowel) or the anunāsika (◌ँ) diacritic (and its regional

before /a/ in haldar, hambre, etc. The presence of the intervocalic consonant cluster ns: ansa, nansa, pansa, pansir, pansío, suspensar, ansín, ansina,

native vocabulary: it is found only word-medially, either in the consonant cluster /ŋk/ (written nk), or as geminate /ŋŋ/ (written ng), the latter being

"spontaneous" aspiration: /hɪk/ 'one', as well as the preservation of the consonant cluster /tr/ at the start of a word: /trʌe/ 'three'. There are two phonological

respectively when preceded by Celtic labiovelars *kʷ and *gʷ or a consonant cluster containing them. The rounding of *i also required the following consonant

while an explicit killer apun iyek, is optionally used to indicate a consonant cluster. Much like the Tibetan script from which it derives, the Meitei script

of Tezpur University, they found only one word, i.e. bɾui, with a consonant cluster. It is a cluster of two consonants, b and ɾ. And they found no final

The basic syllable pattern is CV. C can be a single consonant or consonant cluster. V can be a single vowel, diphthong, or triphthong. Native words of

than those involving a consonant plus /j/ or /w/, the only possible consonant cluster is /ʃk/. Until the early 1900s, Fox was a phonologically very conservative

these changes are applicable to the Samoyedic languages as well. The consonant cluster *lm is in the Ugric languages mostly reduced to plain /m/ (e.g. PU

/r/ can be heard as either a trill [r] or a tap [ɾ]. /tʰr/ as a consonant cluster, can be phonetically heard as [tʰɹ̥] in the Western dialect. /h/ can

Gammon words were formed by substituting an arbitrary consonant or consonant cluster in an Irish word. In recent years, modern slang and Romani (the language

a unique phoneme, /k͡l/. Even within single syllables the Nivaclé consonant cluster /t/ + /ʃ/ (orthographic ⟨tsh⟩) contrasts with the alveopalatal affricate

broad as in Wääsch and Frääsch ([ɛː]). ei is pronounced like ai. The consonant cluster rt ([ʁt]) is pronounced cht ([xt]): thus Ort becomes Ocht. Until the

There are five types of syllable arrangements: (C: consonant, CC: consonant cluster, V: vowel) C + V → ka-la 'mouth' C + V + C → tan-kol 'back of head'

Syllables in Maká may be of types V, VC, CV, CCV, and CCVC. When a consonant cluster appears at the beginning of a syllable, the second consonant must

Taos; these two languages are in part mutually intelligible." The consonant cluster analysis is similar to G. Trager's later reanalysis of Taos. (See:

found in place of original *r in Indo-Iranian languages. The common consonant cluster kṣ /kʂ/ of Vedic and later Sanskrit has a particularly wide range

Inuktitut words, iglu ("house"), is illu in Greenlandic, where the /ɡl/ consonant cluster of Inuktitut is assimilated into a voiceless alveolar lateral fricative

rest of the consonant cluster. Kaithi repha takes the form of a crescent attached to the top of a following consonant or consonant cluster. 𑂩୍ (r) + 𑂍

different spellings for this sound: Italian and French use ⟨gn⟩, a consonant cluster that had evolved from Latin, whereas Occitan and Portuguese chose

confusion with veret (bloods, plural of veri). Instead of the standard consonant cluster ts, tt (long /t/) is used, e.g. metsä (forest) is mettä. It is not

semantically identical. Although there may be a preferred form for a given consonant cluster in each language and some scripts do not have some kind of ligatures

However, the vowel before ⟨pj⟩ is short. ⟨tl⟩ is not considered to be a consonant cluster, so the vowel preceding it is short. In loanwords before ⟨kv⟩, the

like Lat. camisia>Rom. cămașă, and stresses "a" before a /n/ or a consonant cluster beginning with /m/, a vowel found also in Bulgarian and Albanian,

features: Infinitives in -l, e.g. dil [ˈdil] 'to go'. Metathesis of the consonant cluster rl into lr, e.g. chalral [tʃalˈral] 'to talk'. Occasional interchange

optional initial consonant or consonant cluster + a vowel (simple or compound) + an optional final consonant or consonant cluster — a "true" rhyme comprises

stronger accents (e.g., characterize may be realized with a final [s]). Consonant cluster simplifications occur such as the loss of dental stops after nasals

for using them are the following: If the prefix is followed by a consonant cluster[clarification needed], the long form shall be used. If the stress

used when combined with certain vowel diacritics or included in a consonant cluster. Letter bha and ha changes appearance when combined with any of the

ˈsemne]. (It remains [e̯a] when it is followed by a consonant or a consonant cluster and then by [ə], as in [ˈle̯aɡə ˈkre̯at͡sə].) The front vowel ending

between the initial consonant and the vowel. hk is a very common consonant cluster at the end of words because it is part of the morpheme used for the

contexts apocope happens, unless this would leave an illicit three-consonant cluster. So sivi + ruri 'chicken + bone' becomes sivruri 'chicken bone', kusa

a consonant cluster or intervocalically. -ść, -źć shifts to just -ś, -ź. n before a velar assimaltes and realized as [ŋ]. ch- in a consonant cluster can

with a stop or with the retroflex flap /ɽ/. The most common kind of consonant cluster occurs when a syllable ends with a nasal consonant and the next syllable

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

and these sounds merged to form the dorsal nasal /ŋ/, rather than a consonant cluster /-nk/. In Konda, the instrumental-ablative case is formed by the addition

amo[ɾ ~ ɹ ~ l] eterno ('eternal love'). In Chile and Costa Rica, consonant cluster [tɾ] can be pronounced [tɹ̝̥], [tɻ], or [tʂ], making cuatro 'four'

[loː] "spoon", and short when followed by a double consonant or a consonant cluster, e.g. Cornish: ass RMC [as], RLC [æs] "how"; Cornish: hons RMC [hɔns]

(before a vowel), and as bilabial [w] in the syllable coda (in a consonant cluster). /ð/ is present only in the language of some elderly speakers. It

obligatory in every syllable. Complex onsets consisting of a two-consonant cluster (CC) are found only in loanwords borrowed from New Mexican Spanish

affixed to word with two final consonants in order to avoid a triple-consonant-cluster. Yawelmani is a primary object language. A. L. Kroeber documented

such as Ihode (originally pronounced as Ihoðe). The standard Finnish consonant cluster ts usually corresponds to tt, e.g. mettä (forest), instead of standard

interpretation is that roots that quite plainly must have ended in a consonant cluster including a laryngeal, such as jan- < *ǵenh₁- "beget" and therefore

spirantized at the end of a word, particularly b → f. There are many consonant cluster alterations in Upper Carniolan dialect, which vary heavily between

permissible in the Finnic languages. Traditionally a single three-consonant cluster *-str- has been reconstructed for a small group of words showing *-tr-

/pʼ/, /t͡sʼ/, /kʼ/. They cannot appear as the second member of a consonant cluster. Historical *tʼ is /cʼ/ in Osage. Voiced: with b being the only member

long [sː] in the weak grade, overlong [sːː] in the strong grade A consonant cluster had a short 1st member in the weak grade, e.g. [sm], a half-long one

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

that ends with a consonant other than /ʔ/ (not forming part of a consonant cluster) is pronounced [ɯ], otherwise, it is pronounced [i]. While almost

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

English hlaford(e)) also suggests retention of the Old English /hl/ consonant cluster. None of these features are found in the Ormulum, from Lincolnshire

sht, shk The consonant cluster ⟨nw⟩ represents syllable onset [n] followed by a syllable medial [w], while the rare consonant cluster ⟨n'w⟩ represents

Consonant cluster ligatures 𑌕𑍍𑌷 kṣa 𑌕𑍍𑌤 kta 𑌙𑍍𑌗 ṅga 𑌜𑍍𑌞 jña 𑌞𑍍𑌚 ñca 𑌞𑍍𑌜 ñja 𑌤𑍍𑌥 ttha 𑌤𑍍𑌰 tra 𑌤𑍍𑌵 tva 𑌦𑍍𑌧 ddha 𑌦𑍍𑌵 dva

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

consonant. The loss of the initial vowel can result in a difficult consonant cluster. Some languages avoid this by disallowing initial dropping if the

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

lead to ambiguities, for example where the single sound /ŋ/ and the consonant cluster /nɡ/ could both be written as ⟨ng⟩. These are commonly distinguished

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

common Core East Flemish realisations. Notes: /g/ occurs only in the consonant cluster /gz/ or as an allophone of /k/ when it undergoes the assimilation

various phonological changes including assimilation, dissimilation and consonant cluster simplification. Zofia Kurzowa (2006). Szpiczakowska Monika, Skarżyński

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

consonants ty (/tʲ/), ny, ly, etc. The sequence 'tr' is treated as a consonant cluster, when it was presumably a postalveolar affricate closer to English

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

first consonant is modified by an epenthetic e-pepet ⟨ۤ◌‎⟩. When a consonant cluster consists of a nasal consonant followed by a plosive consonant, like

voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate [tɹ̝̊], not unlike the initial consonant cluster in the English word trick. Similarly, the trilled /r/ may also be

borrowed). Stops are voiceless when at the start of a word, in a consonant cluster with another stop and when geminated. They are voiced otherwise. Tamil

after being borrowed from a Germanic source exhibiting the h•m•l consonant cluster, as in Middle Low German homele. According to Soviet Iranist Vasily

Monosyllabic roots Each syllable is tonal, and begins with a consonant or consonant cluster. A vowel or diphthong follows. A final consonant may be added, but

change). Korean has sandhi which occurs in the final consonant or consonant cluster, such that a morpheme can have two pronunciations depending on whether

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

golpe (“tap” or “hit”). This phonological process occurs within a consonant cluster that is composed of a liquid consonant, i.e., [ɾ] or [l], and an occlusive

Alliteration is the repetition of the sound of an initial consonant or consonant cluster in subsequent syllables. Small showers last long but sudden storms

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

Modern Welsh), unless followed by a fortis or geminate consonant, or a consonant cluster. Stressed vowels in monosyllables remained long. McCone (1996), p

(happy) or /aʊs/ (house)) varies by class; may vary within CarE; cf consonant cluster reduction Consonant clusters are simplified, namely in the coda (e

S4[disputed – discuss] Replaces halant+consonant at the end of a consonant cluster with a glyph at the beginning. Khmer, Myanmar, Malayalam, Telugu Pre-base

following vowel. Similar vowel raising can be also found in Madurese. Consonant cluster homogenization occurred in earlier Danao and Subanon, where the articulations

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

suffixes, the historical stem alternations of the so-called segolate or consonant-cluster nouns between CVCC in the singular and CVCaC in the plural have often

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

eliminated. This is not true in the case of a laryngeal combining with a consonant cluster, in that order. In such a situation, the initial laryngeal element

the same studio, in order to tackle certain linguistic variables: consonant cluster simplification; the voicing of intervocalic t; negative contraction

and /ɔi/. There are 24 phonemes in the consonant inventory of Krio. Consonant cluster reduction is a common process in phonology. It is typically applied

(kortvokalstød); some monosyllabic words with a short vowel and a coda consonant cluster take a stød if they are followed by the definite suffix: præst [ˈpʰʁæst]

fill the place of an initial consonant. Words can not start with a consonant cluster, but these are found in medial or final positions in a word. The language

(usually Kashubian kóńsczi) vs Polish koński Dissimilation of some consonant cluster such as kt -> cht or srz/zrz -> strz/zdrz: Kashubian chto vs Polish

consonants in a row do not occur. A word may not begin nor end with a consonant cluster. All Iñupiaq dialects have three basic vowel qualities: /a i u/. There

pinguis +labial (/p, b, f, m/) +v (/w/) +other +one consonant +cluster absolutely final one consonant cluster s m, n other i i e i? ʏ (sonus medius) u e > i

pinguis +labial (/p, b, f, m/) +v (/w/) +other +one consonant +cluster absolutely final one consonant cluster s m, n other i i e i? ʏ (sonus medius) u e > i

Croatian hmelj [hmê̞ʎ̟] 'hops' Allophone of /x/ when it is initial in a consonant cluster. See Serbo-Croatian phonology Spanish Andalusian, Canarian, and Extremaduran

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

diyas "good morning". No more than two consonants are allowed in a consonant cluster. Proto-Quechua has few constraints on the combinations of consonant

from Ancient Greek στολή with epithetic -א to break up with initial consonant cluster and suffix ת- because final -ē was not tolerated in Mishnaic Hebrew

are realised as preaspirated and devoiced. The pronunciation of the consonant cluster ⟨hy⟩ is [ç] in Noldorin Quenya, which is a "strong voiceless y, similar

syllable is one that has a long vowel or vowel cluster or a final consonant cluster. (A single consonant in the syllable coda is typically counted as

rounded to ō ([ɔː]) irrespective of if it had been lengthened by the consonant cluster lengthening. This gave rise to forms such as ōlle ('all') instead

helping vowel "e" is inserted if the following word begins with a consonant cluster. It assimilates with "Sun letters" - any consonant pronounced with

Another purported Oscan influence is the historical assimilation of the consonant cluster /nd/ as /nn/, pronounced [nː] (this is generally reflected in spelling

when consonant clusters appear. In summary, there are three sorts of consonant cluster: "valid", "special", and "invalid". Valid clusters undergo no change

differences (differentiation between aspirated and unaspirated VCs, consonant cluster support, etc.). "VCCV" is named the way it is to differentiate itself

f), although they probably occur only in loan words. The phonemic consonant cluster /sj/ is realized as a postalveolar fricative [ʃ]. The marginal phonemes

role of the syllable in Italian phonology: an experimental study of consonant cluster syllabification, definite article allomorphy and segment duration

something (as acorns, fruit) off something (as tree)', shows a two consonant cluster in word-final position. Across syllable boundaries in the middle of

(which may alternate with zero or /h/) and as the first member of a consonant cluster: Two different regular correspondences can be found in Hungarian for

the second palatalization. Following a consonant, and preceding a consonant cluster Following a consonant and word-final The Indo-European laryngeals

for 18 is notorious for being the word in Romanian with the longest consonant cluster (five consonants with no intervening vowels): ptspr, split into two

Bucholtz found that the speech of nerds often included avoidance of consonant-cluster simplification and phonological reduction of unstressed vowels as

be omitted if the incorporated noun does not give rise a complex consonant cluster in the middle of the word. Six Nations Polytechnic in Ohsweken, Ontario

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

clusters that occur in Chippewa: sk, shp, sht, shk, mb, nd, nj, ng. A consonant cluster also may occur with a single consonant followed by a w before a vowel

/w/), the vowel following the resonant is copied into the proceeding consonant cluster. All Dorsey's Law sequences attested in the language are listed below

epenthesis occurs instead, yielding [məm].) In most other initial two-consonant cluster, epenthesis occurs: /mxan-k/ → [məxanɪk] /ʔ-mxan-k/ → [ʔəmxanɪk] Some

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

as long. If they are unstressed and before a double consonant or a consonant cluster, or in the word's final unstressed syllable, then they are always

some cases, however, deletion of weak yers would lead to an awkward consonant cluster such as word-initial rt-, ln- or mx- (as in the example of *mъxъ "moss"

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

in some parts of the county, there is a tendency to palatalize the consonant cluster ⟨cl⟩ in word-initial and medial position, thereby rendering it as

African-American Vernacular English across the country), though the vowel-consonant cluster found in "bird", "work", "hurt", "learn", etc. usually retains its

using a distinct letter. When a vowel sound follows a consonant (or a consonant cluster), it is written with a diacritic which, depending on the vowel, can

distribution is mostly predictable (usually inside a syllable-initial two-consonant cluster) or because its pronunciation was lost, both the East and the West

vowel gets inserted between two suffixes if necessary to avoid a consonant-cluster; the vowel is either i³ (before or after ⟨s⟩, ⟨p⟩, or ⟨t⟩) or a³ (other

precedes a consonant cluster, the long vowel is shortened. More rarely, a long vowel was retained at the expense of simplifying the consonant cluster. This

dialects, only [b] and [β] may appear as allophones of that phoneme. Consonant cluster [tɾ] can be pronounced [tɹ̝̥], [tɻ], or [tʂ], making cuatro 'four'

"sour cream" and хвпа /χʷpʰa/ "five" have a schwa at the end, the consonant cluster /qʰkʼ/ and the sole consonant /χʷ/ (-pa is a counting suffix) can

a stressed syllable almost always precedes a long consonant or a consonant cluster, and a long vowel must be followed by a short consonant. In Classical

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, other consonants take unique combining forms when in

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

is dīrgha ("long"), or because the hrasva vowel is followed by a consonant cluster. The hrasva vowels are the short monophthongs: 'a', 'i', 'u', 'ṛ'

vowel, in a middle position between them, or forming a part of a consonant cluster. The voiced consonants /d͡ʒ/ and /dʲ/ are always preceded by the nasal

is of the form XAXX, where X represents a consonant, permissible consonant cluster, or no sound at all, and A represents a vowel, diphthong, or triphthong

syllable contains maximum four phonemes (maximum three vowels and no consonant cluster) the disappearance of final stop consonants and /-m/ (although in

maraschino (cherry) and bruschetta with the /ʃ/ associated with that consonant cluster in German instead of the /sk/ of Italian. victuals, pronounced /ˈvɪtəlz/

/g/ is realized as a voiced velar stop after a pause and in any consonant cluster, for example in Goyo [ˈɡoʝo] 'Gregorio', algodón [algoˈðon] 'cotton'

(pressure); note how rakta becomes ratta in Tamil order to remove the consonant-cluster. This also happens with English, for examples kāpi-kaṭai (coffee shop)

arose in the Turkish name as an epenthetic vowel to break up the St- consonant cluster, prohibited in Turkish phonotactics. Stamboul was used in Western

فتاحی, مهدی; حیدری, بهمن (2020). "The Diachronic Change of /xw/ Consonant Cluster in Persian, Sorani Kurdish, Hawrami, and Kalhori Kurdish: An Optimaity

initially, and /hC/ is the only that occurs word finally. The only consonant cluster that is "base generated" (exists in the most underlying representation

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

ㄷ + ㅏ = 다). Some syllables such as 달 and 닭 have a final consonant or final consonant cluster (받침). Thus, 399 combinations are possible for two-letter syllables

epenthetic vowel, sounding like a short schwa right before a word-initial consonant cluster to break it, as in ktiːr ǝmniːħ, 'very good/well'. They are not considered

when added to the stem /julɡ-/, because the potentially resulting consonant cluster of /lɡd/ does not regularly occur in the language. Therefore the combination

prepositions w, z with mobile e to we, ze when before a word starting with a consonant cluster. Often masculine nouns take masculine animal declension, but masculine

can also represent the voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃ/ or the consonant cluster /stʲ/ in Norwegian depending on dialect. ⟨sze⟩ is used for /siː/ in

nominal and verbal roots. This vowel is inserted to break up an illegal consonant cluster (and also has nothing to do with noun incorporation). The next example

and some old speakers of Overseas Vietnamese, it is pronounced as consonant cluster [bj], [βj] or [vj]. X x /s/ In Middle Vietnamese, ⟨x⟩ was pronounced

nominative plural -es from the accusative instead of -∅ (-e after a consonant cluster) in Class I nominative plural (Lat -ae, although there is evidence

clusters; whenever a sonorant is the second segment in a word-final consonant cluster, the cluster is eliminated by syllabifying the sonorant. Neo-Mandaic

flap and an approximant ([r~ɾ~ɹ]). The /dʒ/ phoneme may become a consonant cluster [dd͡ʒ] in between vowels such as sadyâ [sɐdˈd͡ʒäʔ]. Glottal stop is

expression is profane and thus has been paraphrased. Before a word-final consonant cluster. Sometimes before j. Before a nasal, word-finally or within a word-final

somewhat later in Cumbric". There is evidence to suggest that the consonant cluster mb remained distinct in Cumbric later than the time it was assimilated

substituted for a gj sound (i.e. *gjathë) in certain instances. The consonant cluster pl as in plak (old), pleh (manure) and plis (pileus) of the Reka dialect

/ign/ to /iːn/ (γίνομαι, Attic γίγνομαι) Loss of aspiration of the consonant cluster /sth/ (> /st/) (γενέσται, Attic γενέσθαι) Ancient Macedonian morphology

shared with Scots and Irish English, is the pronunciation of the consonant cluster -lm in coda position. As an example, "film" is pronounced as "fillum"

geminate consonants: yuug(i)gaadakux̂ 'is young' a regular three consonant cluster: ingam(a)sxakum 'after a short while (he)' In some frequently encountered

Ukrainian dialects it denotes /w/ (following a vowel and preceding a consonant (cluster), either within a word or at a word boundary, it denotes the allophone

pluralized by adding the suffix -laal because it causes an impermissible consonant cluster, e.g. luban (lion in English) cannot turn into *lubanlaal (lions)

roots take the morphological shape CVC. The only possible root final consonant cluster is -nC. Syllables can have up to four consonants in a cluster in any

verification] It is debatable whether the ⟨hC⟩ sequences represented a consonant cluster (/hC/) or devoicing (/C̥/). Orthographic evidence suggests that in

vowel, if it is long and closed (i.e. followed by a consonant or consonant cluster). As in किसा॔न kiˈsān farmer, दॆखलिꣾ॔न्हि' dekhaliˈainhi I saw (object

or [ɔ]. Bengali deletes this vowel at the end when not ending in a consonant cluster but sometimes retains this vowel at the medial position. If the schwa

clusters appear but are unstable, often being omitted or simplified (consonant cluster reduction). The newly acquired lateral /l/ is frequently used in place

palatalizing suprasegmental is present, the following consonant or consonant cluster is pronounced as weakly palatalized. Suprasegmental palatalization

dictionary order. E.g., the word แสดง [sa dɛːŋ] "perform" starts with a consonant cluster "สด" (with an inherent vowel for the consonant "ส"), the vowel แ-

14-18). The Greeks did not tolerate in their language the initial consonant cluster sl-, σλ-, and they also did not clearly distinguish the sounds l and

fricative [ɬ]. In some dialects, the first consonant in almost any consonant cluster becomes [h]. Some dialects have productive lenition of voiceless consonants

[ɬo] 'three' Contrasts approximant /l/. Developed from earlier *tr- consonant cluster. Shehri عݜرت‎ [ʕəɬɛret] 'ten' Contrasts with /ɬˀ/, /s/ and /ʃ/. Shuswap

syllable before a geminate in a stressed closed syllable before a consonant cluster when the proto-Semitic stressed vowel remained stressed pS *a,*ā >

Norrland dialects, Old Swedish /a/ has been preserved before the consonant cluster /rð/ (which, however, has changed into /ɽ/, a retroflex flap). This

pronounced together with the following word, obeying the usual rules for consonant cluster voicing (so z tobą "with you" is pronounced stobą). Before some consonant

The acoustic difference between an affricate and a stop + fricative consonant cluster is the rate of increase in the amplitude of the frication noise (i

preceded by a vowel to prevent the occurrence of a hard-to-pronounce consonant cluster at the end. If the singular does not end in a vowel, the final -s

is described below. Notes: The syllable structure is (C)V(V); no consonant cluster or consonant coda allowed. Oral and nasal vowels are contrastive.

the diphthongs: -ΑΟΥ- (/au/) -ΕΟΥ- and -ΗΟΥ- (/eu/) -ΟΟΥ- and -ΩΟΥ- (/ou/) w [w] Χ x [x] Used only in the consonant cluster -ΧΤ- (/xt/) Ω o [o] ō [oː]

appears that the *-m- dropped out of the middle of the resulting three-consonant cluster already in PIE, making the mn-stems look like n-stems: Proto-Indo-European

Press. Chung, Chin-Wan (2019). "An alternative account of English consonant cluster adaptations in Bengali dialects". The Linguistic Association of Korea

in every form (mostly those ending in the "hard" consonant t or a consonant cluster). Note: Strike-through Roman numbers in the last row refer to the

corresponding Macedonian Latin alphabet. Lje (Љ љ) often represents the consonant cluster /lj/ instead of /ʎ/. Certain letters are handwritten differently,

the middle of a word. The iterative variable n allows the medial consonant cluster to be repeated many times.: 44  A Yimas word can consist of only a

cirky, papežь, prěfacija, klepati, piskati etc. Preservation of the consonant cluster /dl/ (e.g. modlitvami) Use of the ending –ъmь instead of –omь in the

form occurs when the following material (affix, stem, clitic) has a consonant cluster, i.e. is CCV-initial (the first consonant resyllabifies as the coda

part of the consonants, and given the efficiently compacted, fused consonant cluster morphology for Sanskrit words and grammar, the Brahmi and its derivative

*-z after a voiced consonant. However, it is likely that the final consonant cluster would have undergone simplification, as it did in other Indo-European

prepositions w, z with mobile e to we, ze when before a word starting with a consonant cluster. The dual of pronouns is retained here relatively well: do naju (do

Slavic languages. Whenever [ɨ] is elided, obstruents in the resulting consonant cluster often agree in voicing, so that the most reduced form of desistiu

the /sxr/ sequence (very common in schrijven). The only possible consonant cluster with /z/ is /zʋ/: zwabber. /x/ is infrequent as the first element

Consonant and consonant cluster development from PA PA PEA PSNEA Mass. *p *p /p/ *mp *t *t /t/ *nt *č *č /tʃ/ *nč *hč *hč /htʃ/ *ˀč *k *k, *ty /k/, /tʲ/

final schwa also developed when the loss of a final vowel produced a consonant cluster that was then unpronounceable word-finally, usually consisting of

indicated with a repha or rakar mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found

consonant appears in the weak grade. After a long vowel, or in a consonant cluster, the strong grade appears with a single voiceless consonant, while

sounds. The most common example is ⟨x⟩, which normally represents the consonant cluster /ks/ (for example, in tax /tæks/). The same letter (or sequence of

intermediate -e- is added before most endings to prevent a large consonant cluster. Certain verbs change their stem vowel for the second-person and third-person

Shropshire. The Normans, who had trouble pronouncing the initial consonant cluster, referred to the town as Salopesberie and the county as Salopescira

nascer, *offerescere 'to offer' > oferecer.) Innovations: Reduction of consonant cluster -nd- to -n- (ambulāre 'to stroll' > andar 'to go' > anar, mandāre

in Indo-European linguistics, accounts for the pronunciation of a consonant cluster with a glide (*w or *y) before a vowel as it was affected by the phonetics

south-east. ł may be weakened or lost word-initially at the end of a consonant cluster. Krajna also typically degeminizes doubled consonants, changes rs

stress: familie, potentie, unless the word is a single consonant or consonant cluster followed by two vowels: die, deo. Compound words are stressed based

syllables to start with a vowel or with a consonant cluster. In cases where a word starts with a consonant cluster it is preceded by an epenthetic /ʔi/ utterance

in one of two patterns: a "tightly attached" preinitial forming a consonant cluster, as in 肉 *k.nuk "flesh", 用 *m.loŋ-s "use" and 四 *s.lij-s "four", and

سماء smā is pronounced as [smiː]. Moreover, If a word begins with a consonant cluster starting with /θ/ or /ð/, these sounds are pronounced respectively

extra t in the first infinitive) The assimilation causes the final consonant cluster to be strengthened which in turn can weaken a strong cluster if one

но́вы/новы́ (pl.). In the masculine singular short form, when a word-final consonant cluster is being formed after ending removal, an additional е or о "fleeting

restrictions on consonant sequences. This also means that the concept of the consonant cluster is not applicable in Shilha phonology, as any number of consonants

púṃs- ⇒ paúṃsya- gó- ⇒ gávya- sánt- ⇒ satyá- -iya- is used after a consonant cluster: kṣatrá- ⇒ kṣatríya- yajñá- ⇒ yajñíya- índra- ⇒ indriyá- kṣétra- ⇒

that the spoken language of the "common people" did in fact use the consonant cluster /mv/, as in /amvonas/ for pulpit. The entry was Agapis Logia, a set

roots of many of these verbs consists of only a single consonant or consonant cluster, such as -p- "give"). Furthermore, when the final -a is considered

but masculine singular have open-mid vowel, except if they have a consonant cluster tl/dl. brẹ̄dəł / brēdəł (3) brédla brédlo If the accent in masculine

is used as a prefix, it is spelt "s" if it is part of a voiceless consonant cluster. As preposition it is spelt z, even if it is pronounced /s/. The epenthesis

 191-205. Kang, Seok-Keun, and Chin-Woo Kim. "A Moraic Account of Consonant Cluster Simplification in Korean." Proceedings of the Second Annual Meeting

سور /sur/ – red Ø → a/C_CC or CC_C If syncope results in a triple consonant cluster, an /a/ might be inserted after the first or second consonant. These

interdental fricatives /θ/ and /ð/ merge with /t/ and /d/. Word-final consonant cluster reduction is frequently observed in Gustavia English. This phenomenon

assimilates entirely to the interdental consonants ث، ذ، ظ th dh ẓ. The consonant cluster ضط ḍṭ, as in اضطرّ iḍṭarra 'compel, force', is unexpected given modern

butter" compared to Ket tik "clear" According to Pulleyblank, the consonant cluster /rl/ appears word-initially in certain Xiongnu words. This indicates

pronounced together with the following word, obeying the usual rules for consonant cluster voicing (so z tobōm "with you" is pronounced stobōm). Before some

Diphthongization of vowels after consonant cluster C/w/ Cluster Thai Isan Lao Gloss Suggested Pronunciation Actual Pronunciation Suggested Pronunciation

> -ar, and PAREO > pai 'I appear (dialectal)'. /rj/ survives as a consonant cluster in Sardinian, as in CORIUM 'leather' > Nuorese [ˈkorju], Logudorese