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searching for Intractability 251 found (283 total)

Combinatorial explosion (1,227 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and bounds. Combinatorial explosion is sometimes used to justify the intractability of certain problems. Examples of such problems include certain mathematical

Leonid Levin (666 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for his work in randomness in computing, algorithmic complexity and intractability, average-case complexity, foundations of mathematics and computer science

Paillier cryptosystem (1,929 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

computationally difficult. The decisional composite residuosity assumption is the intractability hypothesis upon which this cryptosystem is based. The scheme is an additive

Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem (1,125 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cryptographic assumptions. Its security is based on the computational intractability (widely assumed, but not proved) of the Decisional Diffie–Hellman assumption

Schnorr signature (1,248 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for its simplicity, among the first whose security is based on the intractability of certain discrete logarithm problems. It is efficient and generates

Satisficing (3,663 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

maintained that many natural problems are characterized by computational intractability or a lack of information, both of which preclude the use of mathematical

Boyce–Codd normal form (1,682 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Boyce–Codd normal form (BCNF or 3.5NF) is a normal form used in database normalization. It is a slightly stricter version of the third normal form (3NF)

BLS digital signature (974 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

adaptive chosen-message attacks) in the random oracle model assuming the intractability of the computational Diffie–Hellman problem in a gap Diffie–Hellman

Knowledge compilation (163 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Knowledge compilation is a family of approaches for addressing the intractability of a number of artificial intelligence problems. A propositional model

QUAD (cipher) (871 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

keystream generation of QUAD is provably reducible to the conjectured intractability of the MQ problem, namely solving a multivariate system of quadratic

Sanjeev Arora (433 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Approach. He was a founder of Princeton's Center for Computational Intractability. He and his coauthors have argued that certain financial products are

Physical symbol system (2,548 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

A physical symbol system (also called a formal system) takes physical patterns (symbols), combining them into structures (expressions) and manipulating

Film gate (653 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

production without using modern digital removal techniques. Because of the intractability of this problem the focus puller (or 1st Assistant Camera) will open

Blum–Goldwasser cryptosystem (2,131 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

keystream. The BG cryptosystem is semantically secure based on the assumed intractability of integer factorization; specifically, factoring a composite value

Stephen Groff (1,983 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

climate action: Public trust, public attention, and climate policy intractability in developed countries. Erasmus University, Rotterdam – February 2,

Interactive proof system (2,746 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

this in their 1988 "Multi prover interactive proofs: How to remove intractability assumptions", which defines a variant of IP called MIP in which there

Morocco World News (323 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Hernandez, T.; Klyukanova, A. (2016). Radical Conflict: Essays on Violence, Intractability, and Communication. Peace and Conflict Studies. Lexington Books. p. 221

Stephen V. Tracy (949 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

recognizing the work of individual inscribers. It was long thought that the intractability of the medium (hammer and chisel on marble) made this impossible. But

Bounded rationality (5,096 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

rational decisions are often not feasible in practice because of the intractability of natural decision problems and the finite computational resources

Lattice problem (3,660 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

problems related to mathematical objects called lattices. The conjectured intractability of such problems is central to the construction of secure lattice-based

Jus ad bellum (1,798 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

41–66 – via HeinOnline. Anonymous (2016-06-29). "Jus ad Bellum". Beyond Intractability. Retrieved 2024-11-03. Don Hubert and Thomas G. Weiss et al. "The Responsibility

Clique problem (9,905 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

researchers began using the theory of NP-completeness and related intractability results to provide a mathematical explanation for the perceived difficulty

Shuttle diplomacy (727 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

disengagement corissajoy (2016-07-12). "Shuttle Diplomacy". Beyond Intractability. Retrieved 2019-01-31. "Naharnet — Lebanon's leading news destination"

TFNP (2,698 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cryptographic assumptions. However, there are no known unconditional intractability results or results showing NP-hardness of TFNP problems. TFNP is not

Asymptotic computational complexity (309 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1090/S0002-9947-1965-0170805-7. Michael Garey, and David S. Johnson: Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. New York: W. H. Freeman &

Dodgson's method (344 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

polynomial time. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979). Computers and Intractability. W.H. Freeman Co., San Francisco. ISBN 9780716710455. v t e

1983 Nobel Prize in Literature (886 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

A vitality, a vigour, which is infectious owing to its strength and intractability and to the paradoxical freedom it possesses as against what is related

Peter T. Coleman (academic) (1,350 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

expertise in the development of new theory. In the area of conflict intractability, Coleman's work focuses on the dynamics involved in seemingly unsolvable

Cultural conflict (835 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ISBN 978-1-111-30157-6. Retrieved 14 January 2013. "Culture and Conflict". Beyond Intractability. Retrieved 2013-04-21. Croissant, Aurel, Uwe Wagschal, Nicolas Schwank

Markov property (1,124 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that otherwise would not be possible to be resolved because of its intractability. Such a model is known as a Markov model. Assume that an urn contains

Complete bipartite graph (960 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(1979), "[GT24] Balanced complete bipartite subgraph", Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W. H. Freeman, p. 196, ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Wolfgang Haken (574 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of Mathematics Lippold Haken's life story Haken, Armin (1985), "The intractability of resolution", Theoretical Computer Science, 39: 297–308, doi:10

Ellis L. Johnson (676 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

contrast between the polynomial solvability of this problem and the intractability of the traveling salesman problem in which the tour is supposed to traverse

Respect (1,588 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Farid, Sana (2005). "Respect". Beyond Intractability. Gross, David (12 November 2020). "Notes on Respect-for-Others". LessWrong

Nilsson model (1,439 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

intractable, due to the large number of valence particles—and this intractability was even greater in the 1950s, when computing power was extremely rudimentary

PSPACE-complete (1,564 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(1979), "Section 7.4: Polynomial Space Completeness", Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, pp. 170–177

Higher residuosity problem (602 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Benaloh cryptosystem and the Naccache–Stern cryptosystem rests on the intractability of this problem. Zhang, Yuliang; Tsutomu Matsumoto; Hideki Imai (1988)

MDC-2 (700 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

compression function Steinberger, John (June 23, 2007). "The Collision Intractability of MDC-2 in the Ideal-Cipher Model". Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT

L (complexity) (1,503 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

ISBN 0-534-94728-X. Garey, M.R.; Johnson, D.S. (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W.H. Freeman. Section 7.5:

Rule utilitarianism (889 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

computationally intractable. Rational agents will then satisfice that intractability by seeking outcomes that produce the maximum utility. Act utilitarianism

L (complexity) (1,503 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

ISBN 0-534-94728-X. Garey, M.R.; Johnson, D.S. (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W.H. Freeman. Section 7.5:

Degree-constrained spanning tree (374 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

USA. ACM. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, ISBN 978-0-7167-1045-5

International No Diet Day (586 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Outcomes of Approaches to Prevent and Treat Obesity states that "the intractability of obesity" has led to the anti-dieting movement. The authors comment

Winter (Smith novel) (586 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

exists at the expense, perhaps, of mess, despair, and sheer human intractability. Yet there is also something beautiful about art as play, about witnessing

Edge cover (628 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

MathWorld. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

K-edge-connected graph (938 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

doi:10.1145/234533.234534. M.R. Garey and D.S. Johnson. Computers and Intractability: a Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. Freeman, San Francisco, CA

Robert McEliece (412 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

44 (1978), pp. 114–116, Bibcode:1978DSNPR..44..114M On the Inherent Intractability of Certain Coding Problems (with E. R. Berlekamp and H. Van Tilborg)

Nondeterministic Turing machine (1,626 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Turing machine Garey, Michael R.; David S. Johnson (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Stephen D. Krasner (861 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

2021. State Department Biography Stanford University Homepage Beyond Intractability: International Regimes Interview with Stephen Krasner by Theory Talks[usurped]

Mathematics of paper folding (4,017 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

universality results, efficient decision algorithms, and computational intractability results. A universality result defines the bounds of possibility given

Ultimatum (1,607 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Summary of "The General Theory and Logic of Coercive Diplomacy"". Beyond Intractability. Retrieved 5 January 2023. Byman, Daniel; Waxman, Matthew (2002). The

Lustration (1,415 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Cambridge University Press. p. 131. Eric Brahm, "Lustration", Beyond Intractability.org, June 2004, 8 Sep 2009 Nalepa, Monika (2010). Skeletons in the Closet:

Ran Canetti (1,789 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Chen, Leonid Reyzin, Ron D. Rothblum 2018: Fiat-Shamir and Correlation Intractability from Strong KDM-Secure Encryption. EUROCRYPT(1): 91-122. Ran Canetti

Rumor control center (3,065 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the University of Colorado, continue to edit and direct the Beyond Intractability Knowledge Base Project (BI) website as an extension of the CRInfo website

Variational Bayesian methods (11,243 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Variational Bayesian methods are a family of techniques for approximating intractable integrals arising in Bayesian inference and machine learning. They

Polynomial-time reduction (1,472 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ISBN 978-0-8186-0866-7. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, D. S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W. H. Freeman. Aho, A. V

Monochromatic triangle (481 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

treewidth. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W. H. Freeman, ISBN 978-0-7167-1045-5

Track II diplomacy (1,527 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Short History. Foreign Policy. "Track II (Citizen) Diplomacy" at The Beyond Intractability Knowledge Base Project Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy

Goldwasser–Micali cryptosystem (976 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

security. The GM cryptosystem is semantically secure based on the assumed intractability of the quadratic residuosity problem modulo a composite N = pq where

Strike (2006 film) (1,166 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

to budge, especially Sobecki. Agnieszka is clearly frustrated by the intractability of the officials and their lack of compassion for tough working conditions

Musalaha (3,135 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to Musalaha, one of the major contributors to the perpetuation and intractability of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is settler-colonialism and an imbalance

Clique cover (939 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

2008-08-29 Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Tall Ships America (550 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

guard cadets aboard the square-rigger Eagle learned of the majesty and intractability of the sea firsthand on a voyage from Bermuda to Nova Scotia". si.com

Correlation clustering (2,006 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Sociology 68, pp. 444–463. Garey, M.; Johnson, D. (2000). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W.H. Freeman and Company

Complete coloring (614 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

precisely. Michael R. Garey and David S. Johnson (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, ISBN 978-0-7167-1045-5

Bottleneck traveling salesman problem (951 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

S2CID 12062434. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, A2.3: ND24

Pseudo-polynomial time (877 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Quasi-polynomial time Michael R. Garey and David S. Johnson. Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W.H. Freeman and Company

Byzantine commonwealth (734 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order"". Beyond Intractability. Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved 2021-10-28. Kaldellis

Quadratic assignment problem (773 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ISBN 978-3-030-22628-2. Michael R. Garey and David S. Johnson (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Election monitoring (1,802 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

recognised status of election observers Venice Commission, 2009 Beyond intractability: Election monitoring IFES – Democracy at large: Election services National

Multi-agent pathfinding (3,144 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

04216 [cs.AI]. Yu, Jingjin; LaValle, Steven M. (2013). "Structure and Intractability of Optimal Multi-Robot Path Planning on Graphs". Proceedings of the

Minimum k-cut (847 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Society, pp. 444–451 Garey, M. R.; Johnson, D. S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, ISBN 978-0-7167-1044-8

Michael O. Rabin (1,633 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

asymmetric cryptosystem whose security was proved equivalent to the intractability of integer factorization. In 1981, Rabin reinvented a weak variant of

PPAD (complexity) (1,003 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

to be hard, but obtaining PPAD-completeness is a weaker evidence of intractability than that of obtaining NP-completeness. PPAD problems cannot be NP-complete

Quadratic residuosity problem (1,204 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle a} are quadratic residues and the remaining are not. The intractability of the quadratic residuosity problem is the basis for the security of

Metric dimension (graph theory) (2,520 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

S2CID 1520161. Garey, M. R.; Johnson, D. S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Decommunization (2,159 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Post-Communism: Four Perspectives", Council on Foreign Relations ISBN 0876091869 Eric Brahm, "Lustration", Beyond Intractability.org, June 2004, 8 Sep 2009

Nation-building (2,741 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

11–12. Stephenson, Carolyn (January 2005). "Nation Building". Beyond Intractability. Retrieved 27 June 2018. Dobbins, James, Seth G. Jones, Keith Crane

Crystal Lee Sutton (1,288 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to represent them by a slim 237 vote margin. However, because of the intractability of J.P. Stevens, workers at the plant continued without a contract until

The Oz Kids (2,055 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

opinions of others, he is something of a know-it-all. Scarecrow Jr.'s intractability results in humorous conflict with his friends, many of his ideas backfire

Edge dominating set (673 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

S2CID 8024435. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, ISBN 978-0-7167-1045-5

Multipartite graph (404 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

part of the input. Garey, M. R.; Johnson, D. S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, GT4, ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Set splitting problem (526 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

maximum cut. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. New York: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Suffolk (UK Parliament constituency) (1,356 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Bill supporter at the tumultuous election of 1830 demonstrates similar intractability more than a century later. By the time of the Great Reform Act in 1832

Multipartite graph (404 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

part of the input. Garey, M. R.; Johnson, D. S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, GT4, ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Weak NP-completeness (437 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

integers in unary coding. M. R. Garey and D. S. Johnson. Computers and Intractability: a Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W.H. Freeman, New York, 1979

Set splitting problem (526 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

maximum cut. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. New York: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

List of undecidable problems (1,787 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

City, California: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. Discusses intractability of problems with algorithms having exponential performance in Chapter

Herbert Art Gallery and Museum (1,910 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

write their favourite fads. Visitors praised the exhibition for its intractability and emphasis on having fun inside the exhibition space. The second major

Strong NP-completeness (714 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Garey, M. R.; Johnson, D. S. (1979). Victor Klee (ed.). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. A Series of Books in the

Induced path (1,486 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

191–208. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W. H. Freeman. p. 196. Gashler

Modular arithmetic (3,646 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Retrieved 2020-11-11. Garey, M. R.; Johnson, D. S. (1979). Computers and Intractability, a Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0716710447

Pierre Nouailhetas (598 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

nothing. In September 1942, on account of reports of his brutality and intractability, Nouailhetas was recalled to Vichy and forced to retire without a pension

Odd cycle transversal (663 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

S. (1979), "GT21: Induced subgraph with property Π", Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-completeness, W. H. Freeman, p. 195 Yannakakis

Little's law (1,827 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

themselves the slipperiness of fundamental concepts in this field and the intractability of really general theorems, might try their hand at showing under what

Matching (graph theory) (3,032 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

1137/0138030. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Victoria Leeds (1,585 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

p. 15. ISBN 9781854903433. Harrison, Martin (1994). "Eloquence from Intractability". In Hodges, Nicola (ed.). Brian Clarke: Architectural Artist. Academy

Cirquent calculus (770 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

principles in Deep inference and monotone systems”. A. Haken, “The intractability of resolution”. Theoretical Computer Science 39 (1985), pp. 297–308

Zero-knowledge proof (8,168 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

isolation to avoid being misled. It can be shown that, without any intractability assumptions, all languages in NP have zero-knowledge proofs in such

Polynomial hierarchy (2,826 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

409–438. Michael R. Garey and David S. Johnson (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Graph bandwidth (1,517 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

jcss.2010.06.006. Garey, M.R.; Johnson, D.S. (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. New York: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Natural language processing (6,606 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

only by increasing the amount and complexity of the rules leading to intractability problems. Rule-based systems are commonly used: when the amount of training

Quadratic programming (1,931 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

MR 1150683. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W.H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-1045-5

Subgraph isomorphism problem (1,857 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

S2CID 2303110. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, ISBN 978-0-7167-1045-5

Key size (3,241 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

keys. The effectiveness of public key cryptosystems depends on the intractability (computational and theoretical) of certain mathematical problems such

Vertex cycle cover (411 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

edu/~avrim/451f13/recitation/rec1016.txt (problem 1) Garey and Johnson, Computers and intractability, GT13 Ben-Dor, Amir and Halevi, Shai. (1993). "Zero-one permanent is

1492 conclave (2,211 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

substituting for the ancient struggle between Naples and Milan, with the intractability between the two parties making Borja a viable candidate. When Giuliano

Steiner travelling salesman problem (358 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

12592. S2CID 71717255. M. R. Garey and D. S. Johnson. Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W. H. Freeman and Company

Negotiation (11,759 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

110–133. doi:10.1006/obhd.1993.1047. Maiese, Michelle "Emotions" Beyond Intractability. Eds. Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess. Conflict Research Consortium, University

Set packing (1,514 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

2000. Michael R. Garey and David S. Johnson (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W.H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-1045-5

NP (complexity) (2,784 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Apr 2021. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Sadak in Search of the Waters of Oblivion (1,004 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Romantics portray the unknown of nature with its unpredictability, intractability, and barbaric capabilities as an opposite of the Enlightenment thought

Matroid girth (779 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of Alexander Vardy in coding theory: Vardy, Alexander (1997), "The intractability of computing the minimum distance of a code", IEEE Transactions on Information

Shortest common supersequence (1,034 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

p. 20. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W.H. Freeman. p. 228 A4.2:

Vertex cover (2,556 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1137/0132071. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Smale's problems (882 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

arXiv:math.DG/0307245. Shub, Michael; Smale, Steve (1995). "On the intractability of Hilbert's Nullstellensatz and an algebraic version of "NP≠P?"". Duke

Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im (1,220 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Arkansas Press, 2007. Foreword in Radical Conflict: Essays on Violence, Intractability, and Communication, Lexington, 2016. “Oh, [Muslims] Believers: Be Just

1-in-3-SAT (1,408 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

as NP-complete problem "LO4" in the standard reference Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness by Michael R. Garey and David

Union of African States (2,400 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

form the Mali Federation for a few months in 1960. However, political intractability led to the dissolution of the Mali Federation in August 1960. Ghana

Computational irreducibility (579 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

notes". A New Kind of Science. Wolfram, Stephen, "Undecidability and intractability in theoretical physics". Physical Review Letters, 1985. Israeli, Navot

Marcionism (4,040 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Hermogenem) and probably other gnostics and Marcionites, who held that the intractability of this matter explains the world's many imperfections.[page needed]

Tuzla (3,783 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Retrieved 24 November 2013. "Tolerance: Additional Resources". Beyond Intractability. Retrieved 24 November 2013. Mesihovic, Salmedin. Rimski vuk i ilirska

Post correspondence problem (2,521 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

S2CID 20637902. Michael R. Garey; David S. Johnson (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W.H. Freeman. p. 228. ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Womanism (6,067 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

reconciliation of white feminists and Black feminists on the grounds of the intractability of racism. She uses a few examples of how feminists write about Blackness

Richard D. Leapman (357 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

MM. Melanosomal sequestration of cytotoxic drugs contributes to the intractability of malignant melanomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 June 27;103(26):9903-7

Lighthouse and naval vessel urban legend (2,586 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

it as demonstrating the need for flexibility. Barry Maher calls the intractability of some listeners the Abraham Lincoln Syndrome after the ship named

Feedback vertex set (1,805 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

209–259 Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, A1.1: GT7,

Lighthouse and naval vessel urban legend (2,586 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

it as demonstrating the need for flexibility. Barry Maher calls the intractability of some listeners the Abraham Lincoln Syndrome after the ship named

Confidence-building measures (2,112 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Maiese, Michelle (2003). "Confidence-Building Measures". Moving Beyond Intractability. Archived from the original on 2013-09-08. Retrieved 2005-12-09. James

Elliptic-curve cryptography (4,677 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

\operatorname {Pic} ^{0}(E)\simeq E.} Public-key cryptography is based on the intractability of certain mathematical problems. Early public-key systems, such as

Graph partition (2,979 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

6745F. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979). Computers and intractability: A guide to the theory of NP-completeness. W. H. Freeman & Co. ISBN 978-0-7167-1044-8

Bramble (graph theory) (955 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Tazari, Siamak (2010), "On brambles, grid-like minors, and parameterized intractability of monadic second-order logic", Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual

Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1,928 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

term 'Hunger shield' (Swedish: Hungerskjöld) was coined, because his intractability impeded efforts to get necessary food exports into Sweden. He was seen

Independent Liberals (UK, 1931) (1,266 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

of the Government's policy on the issue. Faced with Lloyd George's intractability, the Cabinet decided to call an election anyway; there would be no specific

Michael Fellows (1,630 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

MEGA-Mathematics!, with Nancy Casey convey sophisticated concepts such as intractability, sorting networks, and cryptography. They have won several science popularization

GLUT1 deficiency (2,634 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

affect relations with other people and may include short attention span, intractability, and delays in achieving age-appropriate behaviors. Sociability with

McEliece cryptosystem (2,093 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

McEliece, Robert J.; Van Tilborg, Henk C.A. (1978). "On the Inherent Intractability of Certain Coding Problems". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

Numerical 3-dimensional matching (689 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

instance. Garey, Michael R. and David S. Johnson (1979), Computers and Intractability; A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. ISBN 0-7167-1045-5 Garey

Sparse dictionary learning (3,499 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Binary Measurement Matrices" A. M. Tillmann, "On the Computational Intractability of Exact and Approximate Dictionary Learning", IEEE Signal Processing

Direct and indirect realism (4,626 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

or are they extra-mental, even if not physical? On the basis of the intractability of these questions, it has been argued that the conclusion of the argument

Christopher Cherniak (1,597 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

indicates that NP-completeness is of parallel interest: computational intractability of a cosmos-consuming scale is a practical counterpart to traditional

Daniel Bar-Tal (1,251 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

University Press. [1] Bar-Tal. D. (2004). Ethos of Conflict, The Beyond Intractability Project, The Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado

Storytelling (7,950 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

game World Storytelling Day "Narratives and Story-Telling | Beyond Intractability". www.beyondintractability.org. 2016-07-06. Archived from the original

Distributive justice (4,129 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Maiese, Michelle. [2003] 2013. "The Notion of Fair Distribution." Beyond Intractability. Phelps, Edmund S. 1987. "Distributive justice." Pp. 886–888 in The

Partition problem (2,439 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(PDF). IJCAI. Garey, Michael; Johnson, David (1979). Computers and Intractability; A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. pp. 96–105. ISBN 978-0-7167-1045-5

Bipartite dimension (1,737 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

12.059. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Value (ethics) (4,909 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

PMID 9236161. Maiese, Michelle. "Causes of Disputes and Conflicts." Beyond Intractability. Ed. Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess. Conflict Research Consortium, University

Third Party Non-violent Intervention (885 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ISSN 1040-2659. corissajoy (2016-07-12). "Protective Accompaniment". Beyond Intractability. Retrieved 2022-05-13. Coy, Patrick G. (October 2012). "Nonpartisanship

Multivariate cryptography (1,147 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

see slide 12 of the report. Garey, Michael R. (1979). Computers and intractability : a guide to the theory of NP-completeness. Johnson, David S., 1945-

Average-case complexity (3,057 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

pp. 650–661. Venkatesan, R.; Rajagopalan, S. (1992), "Average case intractability of matrix and Diophantine problems", Proc. 24th Annual Symposium on

Pierre de Latilly (450 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Senlis. He was assigned as a tax collector to Languedoc in 1297. For his intractability regarding taxing the poor, Latilly became a reviled figure. From 1305

Spelunky (2,850 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

uninteresting. However he found the higher concepts such as universal intractability and the consequences of permadeath much more exciting. By taking these

Machine learning (15,528 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Retrieved 15 February 2016. Tillmann, A. M. (2015). "On the Computational Intractability of Exact and Approximate Dictionary Learning". IEEE Signal Processing

Reeta Chowdhari Tremblay (992 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Governance, Competing Nationalisms, and Disenchanted Publics: Kashmir beyond Intractability?" in Chitralekhas Zutshi (ed) Kashmir: History, Politics, and Representation

Boolean satisfiability problem (4,824 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

publication) Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W. H. Freeman. pp. A9.1:

Gadget (computer science) (1,604 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

R.; Johnson, D. S. (1979), "3.2.3 Component Design", Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, San Francisco, Calif.: W

Clique-width (2,058 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

V.; Golovach, Petr A.; Lokshtanov, Daniel; Saurabh, Saket (2010), "Intractability of clique-width parameterizations", SIAM Journal on Computing, 39 (5):

List of PSPACE-complete problems (1,807 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

IEEE. pp. 35–47. Garey, M.R.; Johnson, D.S. (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. New York: W.H. Freeman.

Maximum cut (3,111 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

S2CID 16301072. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, ISBN 978-0-7167-1045-5

Minimum relevant variables in linear system (1,053 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1016/S0304-3975(97)00115-1. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-completeness. W. H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-1044-8

Sequence alignment (6,913 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1089/cmb.1994.1.337. PMID 8790475. Elias, Isaac (2006). "Settling the intractability of multiple alignment". J Comput Biol. 13 (7): 1323–1339. CiteSeerX 10

Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict (804 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Armed Conflict". Un.org. Retrieved 2012-05-09. "Negotiation". Beyond Intractability. 2004-03-10. Retrieved 2012-05-09. "UNDG Members". Undg.org. Archived

Bush carpentry (4,641 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and less likely, but the expression remains in use. The toughness and intractability of Australian hardwoods discouraged attempts at detailed joinery. Fancy

Stochastic scheduling (2,068 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to corresponding nonoverlapping subsets of job classes. Due to the intractability of such models, researchers have aimed to design relatively simple heuristic

Log-space reduction (1,355 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

125–146. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. New York: W. H. Freeman.

AI winter (5,173 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

specifically mentioned the problem of "combinatorial explosion" or "intractability", which implied that many of AI's most successful algorithms would grind

2081: A Hopeful View of the Human Future (1,201 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in 2081. O'Neill predicted that software engineering issues and the intractability of artificial intelligence problems would require massive programming

Artificial intelligence (29,478 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Luger & Stubblefield (2004, pp. 333–381), Nilsson (1998, chpt. 7–12) Intractability and efficiency and the combinatorial explosion: Russell & Norvig (2021

Quantum computing (12,567 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

widely used public-key encryption schemes like RSA, which rely on the intractability of factoring large numbers. This has prompted a global effort to develop

High-context and low-context cultures (5,026 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Communication Tools for Understanding Cultural Differences". Beyond Intractability. Retrieved April 29, 2024. Guffey, Mary Ellen (2009). Essentials of

Clash of Civilizations (5,695 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order"". Beyond Intractability. Retrieved October 28, 2021. ""western christianity" "western world"

List of multiple discoveries (11,349 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

October 2020, pp. 67–71. (p. 68.) See Garey & Johnson, Computers and intractability, p. 119. Cf. also the survey article by Trakhtenbrot (see "External

List of multiple discoveries (11,349 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

October 2020, pp. 67–71. (p. 68.) See Garey & Johnson, Computers and intractability, p. 119. Cf. also the survey article by Trakhtenbrot (see "External

History of artificial intelligence (20,004 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

become easy. "With enough horsepower," he wrote, "anything will fly". Intractability and the combinatorial explosion: In 1972 Richard Karp (building on Stephen

Quantum supremacy (5,846 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

specific proposal, the classical hardness of which depends upon the intractability of calculating the permanent of a large matrix with complex entries

H.W. van der Merwe (384 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Kriesberg, Louis (September 2003). "De-escalating Gestures". The Beyond Intractability Project, The Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado

Kevin Avruch (560 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Conflict Analysis and Resolution, George Mason University". Beyond Intractability. 2003. Retrieved 2014-06-30. "Mason S-CAR Dean's Book Awarded Top Prize

Atascadero State Hospital (3,625 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

PMID 8807690. Becker, Mark; Love, Colleen C.; Hunter, Melvin E. (1997). "Intractability is relative: Behaviour therapy in the elimination of violence in psychotic

3-partition problem (2,261 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1137/0204035. Garey, Michael R. and David S. Johnson (1979), Computers and Intractability; A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. ISBN 0-7167-1045-5. Pages

Linear programming (6,690 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

programming. Michael R. Garey and David S. Johnson (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W.H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-1045-5

Multiple sequence alignment (6,221 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1089/106652701753307511. PMID 11747615. Elias, Isaac (2006). "Settling the intractability of multiple alignment". J Comput Biol. 13 (7): 1323–1339. CiteSeerX 10

Abandon Every Hope (341 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and uncertain", and that it was easy to get muddled in the "queasy intractability" of her subject matter. "Abandon Every Hope: Essays for the dead". Upswell

Intrinsic motivation (artificial intelligence) (1,909 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

function. The main criticism and difficulty of these models is the intractability of computing probability distributions over large discrete or continuous

Esalen Institute (6,035 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

527 Kripal 2007, p. 320 "Track II (Citizen) Diplomacy" at The Beyond Intractability Knowledge Base Project. Track Two, An Institute For Citizen Diplomacy

Kara Walker (6,588 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(September 1, 2016). "Queering Sugar: Kara Walker's Sugar Sphinx and the Intractability of Black Female Sexuality". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society

Appius Claudius Sabinus Regillensis (2,936 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and Valerius resigned his office, rebuking the senators for their intractability. Soon afterward, the Senate again ordered the army into the field to

Partially observable Markov decision process (3,306 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

POMDPs are often computationally intractable to solve exactly. This intractability is often due to the curse of dimensionality or the curse of history

Quadratic residue (5,575 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ISBN 0-387-95097-4 Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W. H. Freeman, ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (10,897 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

transforming growth factor-beta1 gene is associated with the severity and intractability of autoimmune thyroid disease". Clinical and Experimental Immunology

Talent scheduling (978 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Garey, M. R.; Johnson, D. S. (1979). Victor Klee (ed.). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. A Series of Books in the

Sharp-SAT (1,495 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

solutions of the negation of a conjunctive normal form (CNF) formula. Intractability even holds in the case known as #PP2DNF, where the variables are partitioned

Graph coloring (8,461 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ISBN 978-3-540-73544-1 Garey, M. R.; Johnson, D. S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Low-density parity-check code (4,626 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

McEliece, E. R. Berlekamp and H. Van Tilborg (1978). "On the Inherent Intractability of Certain Coding Problems". IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory. IEEE: 384–386

Lego Super Mario (5,730 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

praising the cute, simplistic to build sets as well as the amount of intractability with the theme but criticized the overwhelming amount of open design

Maximum common induced subgraph (950 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

subgraph Michael R. Garey and David S. Johnson (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Rainbow matching (2,561 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Garey, M. R.; Johnson, D. S. (1979). Victor Klee (ed.). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. A Series of Books in the

Volumes (band) (4,270 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Heavy Blog Is Heavy. August 24, 2011. "Culture and Conflict | Beyond Intractability". Archived from the original on July 30, 2013. Retrieved July 24, 2022

Minimum-weight triangulation (3,289 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1007/BF02574002, MR 1254088. Garey, M. R.; Johnson, D. S. (1979), Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, San Francisco, Calif.: W

Pseudo-polynomial transformation (1,044 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Garey, M. R.; Johnson, D. S. (1979). Victor Klee (ed.). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. A Series of Books in the

Food web (8,594 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

are extremely complex. Complexity is a term that conveys the mental intractability of understanding all possible higher-order effects in a food web. Sometimes

Sharon Begley (3,293 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

on the 'peripheral' actions of the 'denial machine' instead of the intractability of man-made warming". 1984 Page One Award (Science Reporting in Magazines)

Meditation (18,454 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

noted a "persistent lack of consensus in the literature" and a "seeming intractability of defining meditation". "members were chosen on the basis of their

Knapsack problem (7,745 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

arXiv:1909.10016 Garey, Michael R.; David S. Johnson (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W.H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-1045-5

Rape during the Bosnian War (8,774 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ISBN 978-0-7355-6214-1. Malek, Cate (2005). "Reconciliation in Bosnia". Beyond Intractability. University of Colorado. Retrieved 23 July 2014. Maners, Lynn D. (2000)

Travelling salesman problem (11,580 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979). "A2.3: ND22–24". Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-completeness. W. H. Freeman. pp. 211–212

Omar al-Bashir (12,352 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Morrison, J. Stephen; de Waal, Alex (1 March 2005). "Can Sudan Escape its Intractability?". In Crocker, Chester A.; Hampson, Fen Osler; Aall, Pamela (eds.).

Balfour Declaration (29,973 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

psychological explanation—let alone a satisfactory one—of this conflict's intractability." Renton 2007, p. 151. Shlaim 2005, pp. 251–270a: Shlaim quotes: Sir

Ring learning with errors (2,962 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cryptography, in particular public-key cryptography, is based on the assumed intractability of solving certain computational problems if the size of the problem

Proof complexity (3,760 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Foundation of Computer Science. pp. 346–355. Haken, A. (1985). "The intractability of resolution". Theoretical Computer Science. 39: 297–308. doi:10

Verifiable secret sharing (2,706 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

best, secure against computationally bounded adversaries, namely the intractability of computing discrete logarithms. Pedersen proposed later a scheme where

True quantified Boolean formula (3,849 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

PSPACE-complete by D. Lichtenstein. M. Garey & D. Johnson (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco

Ivan I of Moscow (6,580 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dictated by Uzbeg or was spontaneous, must surely be sought in Novgorod's intractability, in the strength of her pro-Lithuanian faction–amply demonstrated by

Human trafficking in Benin (1,698 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Anonymous (2016-07-13). "Child Trafficking in Benin, West Africa". Beyond Intractability. Retrieved 2025-03-28. "Verité | Human Trafficking Risk Factors in Supply

Gaspard II de Coligny (8,293 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

question in the same month. However, he found himself frustrated by the intractability of both sides, covering his face when Beza remarked that the body of

Israeli–Palestinian peace process (13,837 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Palestinian Territories August 2013 Beyond Intractability: A Free Knowledge Base on More Constructive Approaches to Destructive

Ancient Roman freedmen (2,226 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

literature, with the traits of "subservience", "deceitfulness", and "intractability" being seen as specific to slaves and freedmen, unbefitting of freeborn

Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford (10,661 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

been interpreted as either a sign of the thirteen-year-old Oxford's intractability as a pupil, or an indication that his precocity surpassed Nowell's ability

Ising model (13,240 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mechanics, three-dimensionality and NP-completeness. I. Universality of intractability for the partition function of the Ising model across non-planar surfaces

Virtue epistemology (3,126 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

concepts among moral philosophers, and partly as a response to the intractability of the competing analyses of knowledge that arose in response to Edmund

Percy Cox (6,279 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

met then at the Port of Uqair on 15 December 1913. Cox noted their "intractability" and also warned the Foreign and Commonwealth Office about Ibn Saud;

Ising model (13,240 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mechanics, three-dimensionality and NP-completeness. I. Universality of intractability for the partition function of the Ising model across non-planar surfaces

Inverse problem (9,362 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

alternative when classical inverse methods struggle with instability or intractability in highly discrete or nonlinear domains. We focus here on the recovery

Hurricane Alice (journal) (1,413 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

consulting; the CLMP consultant helped the Rhode Island editors recognize the intractability of the economic bind and to decide to close the journal. All fourteen

Complexity class (10,382 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

they fit together. Michael Garey, and David S. Johnson: Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. New York: W. H. Freeman &

Lateral computing (4,213 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Prentice Hall Publishers. M. Garey and D. Johnson (1979); Computers and Intractability: A theory of NP Completeness, W.H. Freeman and Company Publishers. M

Joseph F. Traub (3,122 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Mathematics of Computation 58, 199, 303–339 (with H. Woźniakowski). Breaking Intractability, Scientific American, January, 1994, 102–107 (with H. Woźniakowski)

Quasi-Monte Carlo methods in finance (2,945 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

NEWS, 28 March. Traub, J. F. and Woźniakowski, H. (1994), Breaking intractability, Scientific American, 270(1), January, 102-107. Paskov, S. H., New methodologies

Franz Boas (18,685 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

full opportunities for your powers." Despite Boas's caveat about the intractability of white prejudice, he also considered it the scientist's responsibility

Tree alignment (2,312 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

problems. Generalized tree alignment Elias, Isaac (2006), "Settling the intractability of multiple alignment", J Comput Biol, 13 (7): 1323–1339, CiteSeerX 10

Nero Wolfe (18,587 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

doorbell, enter the office, and explode with indignation at Wolfe's intractability. The front room, the elevator, the three-foot globe—all persist in place

North and South (Gaskell novel) (7,914 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

dropped so much that Dickens complained about what he called Gaskell's "intractability" because she resisted his demands for concision. He found the story

Names of Ho Chi Minh City (3,506 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Struggle to Balance Khmer Nationalism and Peacebuilding". The Beyond Intractability Knowledge Base Project. Retrieved 2010-06-01. Hardy, Andrew (2004).

What Is Political Philosophy? (925 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

instance on legitimacy rather than on the "pursuit of justice," given the intractability of moral disagreement. Ross characterized Larmore's position as a Hobbesian-inspired

Predictive genomics (3,285 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

barrier to expansion of higher order interactions has been limited by the intractability of exhaustive search techniques (see NP-complete). The issues surrounding

Exact cover (4,324 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1088/1367-2630/ac175d. ISSN 1367-2630. M.R. Garey; D.S. Johnson (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. New York: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Elliptic curve point multiplication (4,145 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

known as a Weierstrass curve. The security of modern ECC depends on the intractability of determining n from Q = nP given known values of Q and P if n is large

Feedback arc set (6,116 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979), "A1.1: GT8", Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, p. 192, ISBN 0-7167-1045-5

Fully proportional representation (1,220 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

tractability for the parameter "number of candidates", but fixed-parameter intractability for "number of winners". They study approval, Borda, and unrestricted

Balanced number partitioning (3,245 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ISSN 1099-1425. Garey, Michael; Johnson, David (1979). Computers and Intractability; A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. pp. 96–105. ISBN 978-0-7167-1045-5

Alfred Hugenberg (15,906 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

government, wrote in a memo that Hugenberg's "appearance, his speeches, his intractability" caused most people to naturally hate him, and keeping him out of the

Multiway number partitioning (4,743 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

S2CID 17222989. Garey, Michael R.; Johnson, David S. (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W. H. Freeman and Company

Kurdish Turkization in Turkey (1,366 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

2025-05-17. Anderson (13 July 2016). "The Kurdish Conflict". Beyond Intractability. Retrieved 2025-05-17. Breakthrough. Prairie Fire Organization Committee

Dunno on the Moon (3,318 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

refusal and complete misunderstanding of the situation were regarded as intractability and he was placed into a prison cell. There he met unemployed Mite Kozlik

Referring expression generation (4,168 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

42–49, Salt Fork, OH. M R Garey, D S. Johnson (1979). Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP–Completeness. W. H. Freeman, New York.

Phylogenetic reconciliation (15,304 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

case, children lineages are not independent of one another, leading to intractability results. ILS alone can be handled with LCA, but ILS + DL reconciliation

European foreign policy of the Chamberlain ministry (15,508 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

was a man of peace who had been reluctantly driven to war by Beneš's intractability. In a summit at the Berghof, at Berchtesgaden, Chamberlain promised

Terre Haute House (5,326 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Daseke pulled out of the project in January 1997, citing the banks' intractability. The board member who changed the course of the Daseke project was Greg

Complex system approach to peace and armed conflict (1,848 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

consequences.: 38 Agent-based social simulations to model armed conflict intractability and the possibilities of solving the conflicts were developed in the

Hydrarchy (3,368 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

0060. JSTOR 30031239. S2CID 144971588. "Distributive Justice | Beyond Intractability". www.beyondintractability.org. Retrieved 2016-05-13. Taylor, Alan (2002-01-01)

ACE Encrypt (5,287 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

encryption scheme in ACE can be proven secure under reasonable and natural intractability assumptions. These four assumptions are: The Decisional Diffie-Hellman

History of al-Qaeda (9,083 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

all ties with the group, reportedly for its brutality and "notorious intractability". In Somalia, Al-Qaeda agents had been collaborating closely with its