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alternate case: arithmetic

ISO/IEC 10967 (432 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ISO/IEC 10967, Language independent arithmetic (LIA), is a series of standards on computer arithmetic. It is compatible with ISO/IEC/IEEE 60559:2011,

Linear function (652 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

In mathematics, the term linear function refers to two distinct but related notions: In calculus and related areas, a linear function is a function whose

Percentage point (468 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

A percentage point or percent point is the unit for the arithmetic difference between two percentages. For example, moving up from 40 percent to 44 percent

Complex number (12,021 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

this definition of multiplication and addition, familiar rules for the arithmetic of rational or real numbers continue to hold for complex numbers. More

Complex number (12,021 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

this definition of multiplication and addition, familiar rules for the arithmetic of rational or real numbers continue to hold for complex numbers. More

Fraction (9,636 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distributive laws, and the rule against division by zero. Mixed-number arithmetic can be performed either by converting each mixed number to an improper

Percentage (2,562 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the late 15th century to the early 16th century, it became common for arithmetic texts to include such computations. Many of these texts applied these

Vector calculus (2,135 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Mathematical software Arbitrary-precision arithmetic Finite element analysis Tensor software Interactive geometry software Optimization software Statistical

Negative number (4,634 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

temperature. The laws of arithmetic for negative numbers ensure that the common-sense idea of an opposite is reflected in arithmetic. For example, −‍(−3)

Serial number (1,082 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Bush, RFC 1982 "Serial Number Arithmetic", Network Working Group, August 1996. Plummer, William W. "Sequence Number Arithmetic" Archived 21 December 2008

Ones' complement (1,341 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

computer represents numbers. A ones' complement system or ones' complement arithmetic is a system in which negative numbers are represented by the inverse of

The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art (2,338 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in a wide variety of ways. In 1852, Alexander Wylie referred to it as Arithmetical Rules of the Nine Sections. With only a slight variation, the Japanese

Ones' complement (1,341 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

computer represents numbers. A ones' complement system or ones' complement arithmetic is a system in which negative numbers are represented by the inverse of

Lowest common denominator (742 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

In mathematics, the lowest common denominator or least common denominator (abbreviated LCD) is the lowest common multiple of the denominators of a set

Gerd Faltings (586 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

; born 28 July 1954) is a German mathematician known for his work in arithmetic geometry. From 1972 to 1978, Faltings studied mathematics and physics

Jean-Pierre Serre (1,912 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

representations that made Fermat's Last Theorem a connected part of mainstream arithmetic geometry. In his paper FAC, Serre asked whether a finitely generated projective

Tarski's axiomatization of the reals (603 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1936, Alfred Tarski gave an axiomatization of the real numbers and their arithmetic, consisting of only the eight axioms shown below and a mere four primitive

Almost all (2,577 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

In mathematics, the term "almost all" means "all but a negligible quantity". More precisely, if X {\displaystyle X} is a set, "almost all elements of X

Lattice (discrete subgroup) (4,840 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Grigory Margulis states that in most cases all lattices are obtained as arithmetic groups. Lattices are also well-studied in some other classes of groups

Arakelov theory (1,845 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch theorem to arithmetic varieties. For this one defines arithmetic Chow groups CHp(X) of an arithmetic variety X, and defines Chern classes

Rate of return (7,020 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

changes are high. For example, an arithmetic return of +50% is equivalent to a logarithmic return of 40.55%, while an arithmetic return of −50% is equivalent

Archimedean spiral (2,288 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The Archimedean spiral (also known as Archimedes' spiral, the arithmetic spiral) is a spiral named after the 3rd-century BC Greek mathematician Archimedes

Norm (mathematics) (5,937 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

In mathematics, a norm is a function from a real or complex vector space to the non-negative real numbers that behaves in certain ways like the distance

Frobenius endomorphism (4,337 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{}{F}}_{X/S}^{a}}}{\mathcal {O}}_{X}\to k(x)} by the definition of the arithmetic Frobenius. Consequently, arithmetic Frobenius explicitly exhibits the action of the Galois

Persian Braille (207 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

they do in printed Arabic. Numbers are the same as in English Braille. Arithmetical symbols are introduced by a separate braille prefix. Numbers follow operands

The Sundays (2,528 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

debut single was "Can't Be Sure". Their first album, Reading, Writing and Arithmetic, was released in 1990 and became a UK top 5 hit. The album's lead single

Status register (804 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

instruction. Typically, flags in the status register are modified as effects of arithmetic and bit manipulation operations. For example, a Z bit may be set if the

Status register (804 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

instruction. Typically, flags in the status register are modified as effects of arithmetic and bit manipulation operations. For example, a Z bit may be set if the

Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi (619 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

In the introductory remarks to his Arithmetic, Al-Uqlīdisī claims that he traveled to confer with every arithmetic expert he knew of, and read every previous

Lokavibhaga (706 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in the world that clearly uses three principles of positional decimal arithmetic system together – graphical signs and terms as numerals, assigning a value

196 (number) (304 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

196 (one hundred [and] ninety-six) is the natural number following 195 and preceding 197. 196 is a square number, the square of 14. As the square of a

UPGMA (2,430 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) is a simple agglomerative (bottom-up) hierarchical clustering method. It also has a weighted

Russian Braille (764 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

other alphabets. Arithmetical symbols are as follows. The lowered g used for parentheses in prose becomes an equal sign in arithmetic, where a symmetrical

Stack machine (5,787 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

can be very convenient for executing high-level languages because most arithmetic expressions can be easily translated into postfix notation. For example

Pierre Deligne (1,942 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Michael Rapoport, Deligne worked on the moduli spaces from the 'fine' arithmetic point of view, with application to modular forms. He received a Fields

Mathematical game (394 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

games do not require a deep knowledge of mathematics to play. Often, the arithmetic core of mathematical games is not readily apparent to players untrained

Peter Scholze (1,500 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

born 11 December 1987) is a German mathematician known for his work in arithmetic geometry. He has been a professor at the University of Bonn since 2012

Coxeter–Dynkin diagram (3,233 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

In geometry, a Coxeter–Dynkin diagram (or Coxeter diagram, Coxeter graph) is a graph with numerically labeled edges (called branches) representing a Coxeter

Microsoft SEAL (515 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Simple Encrypted Arithmetic Library or SEAL is a free and open-source cross platform software library developed by Microsoft Research that implements various

Al-Khwarizmi (7,538 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

12th century, Latin translations of al-Khwarizmi's textbook on Indian arithmetic (Algorithmo de Numero Indorum), which codified the various Indian numerals

Bit numbering (833 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

In computing, bit numbering is the convention used to identify the bit positions in a binary number. In computing, the least significant bit (LSb) is the

Finger binary (1,268 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Finger binary is a system for counting and displaying binary numbers on the fingers of either or both hands. Each finger represents one binary digit or

Dungeons & Dragons retro-clones (1,382 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Playing time Varies Chance Dice rolling Skills Role-playing, improvisation, tactics, arithmetic Website www.mythmeregames.com/collections/swords-wizardry

MetaPost (799 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

version 1.8, Metapost allows floating-point arithmetic with 64 bits (default: 32 bit fixed-point arithmetic) Many of the limitations of MetaPost derive

Sociology of education (3,947 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

theories. Some of the main theories are presented below. The Political Arithmetic tradition within the sociology of education began with Hogben (1938) and

Circuit (computer science) (857 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

compute set union, set intersection, and set complement, as well as the arithmetic operations addition and multiplication. A circuit is a triplet ( M , L

Conditional (computer programming) (4,024 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Arithmetic if is an unstructured control statement, and is not used in structured programming. In practice it has been observed that most arithmetic IF

Bit manipulation (1,199 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and scatter bits to and from specified bit positions or fields. Integer arithmetic operators can also effect bit-operations in conjunction with the other

Mean absolute error (1,074 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\sum _{i=1}^{n}\left|e_{i}\right|}{n}}.} It is thus an arithmetic average of the absolute errors | e i | = | y i − x i | {\displaystyle

Charles Hutton (1,318 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

first work, The Schoolmasters Guide, or a Complete System of Practical Arithmetic, which was followed by his Treatise on Mensuration both in Theory and

Apeirogonal antiprism (246 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

In geometry, an apeirogonal antiprism or infinite antiprism is the arithmetic limit of the family of antiprisms; it can be considered an infinite polyhedron

SSE3 (678 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

SSE3, Streaming SIMD Extensions 3, also known by its Intel code name Prescott New Instructions (PNI), is the third iteration of the SSE instruction set

Albert Allen Bartlett (1,095 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Professor Bartlett had lectured over 1,742 times since September 1969 on Arithmetic, Population, and Energy. Bartlett regarded the word combination "sustainable

Zhoubi Suanjing (1,298 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

'Gnomon of the Zhou dynasty'. The honorific Suanjing—'Arithmetical classic', 'Sacred book of arithmetic', 'Mathematical canon', 'Classic of computations'

Negative base (3,407 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sign bit); this advantage is countered by an increased complexity of arithmetic operations. The need to store the information normally contained by a

Apeirogonal prism (267 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

In geometry, an apeirogonal prism or infinite prism is the arithmetic limit of the family of prisms; it can be considered an infinite polyhedron or a tiling

Laws of Form (6,798 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distinct logical systems: The primary arithmetic (described in Chapter 4 of LoF), whose models include Boolean arithmetic; The primary algebra (Chapter 6 of

Igor Shafarevich (2,491 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mathematics including algebraic number theory, algebraic geometry and arithmetic algebraic geometry. In particular, in algebraic number theory, the Shafarevich–Weil

Villagers (band) (3,175 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Mercury Prize. In 2015 Conor released Villagers' third album, Darling Arithmetic, and the following year Where Have You Been All My Life?—a compilation

Kaktovik numerals (1,660 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

base-20 system. They found that, when they tried to write numbers or do arithmetic with Arabic numerals, they did not have enough symbols to represent the

Parity bit (1,672 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

A parity bit, or check bit, is a bit added to a string of binary code. Parity bits are a simple form of error detecting code. Parity bits are generally

Cognitive skill (710 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

reasoning, abstract thinking, critical thinking, introspection and mental arithmetic. Cognitive skills vary in processing complexity, and can range from more

P-adic L-function (1,148 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

L-function arising in this way is typically called an arithmetic p-adic L-function as it encodes arithmetic data of the Galois module involved. The main conjecture

GNOME Calculator (290 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Calculator uses the MPFR library for extended precision arithmetic. It can support complex number arithmetic, perform factorization of integers, and define new

Congruence subgroup (4,782 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

More generally, the notion of congruence subgroup can be defined for arithmetic subgroups of algebraic groups; that is, those for which we have a notion

Log-normal distribution (12,551 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{1}{2}}n^{2}\sigma ^{2}}.} Specifically, the arithmetic mean, expected square, arithmetic variance, and arithmetic standard deviation of a log-normally distributed

Pascaline (5,646 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The pascaline (also known as the arithmetic machine or Pascal's calculator) is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. Pascal was led

Stanford MIPS (546 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

integer arithmetic, operated on the GPRs. It possessed a basic instruction set consisting of instructions for control flow, integer arithmetic, and logical

Space group (4,240 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the 2-dimensional space groups: For each geometric class, the possible arithmetic classes are None: no reflection lines Along: reflection lines along lattice

Bjorn Poonen (660 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His research is primarily in arithmetic geometry, but he has occasionally published in other subjects such as

Commutative property (1,542 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mathematical proofs depend on it. Perhaps most familiar as a property of arithmetic, e.g. "3 + 4 = 4 + 3" or "2 × 5 = 5 × 2", the property can also be used

Manchester Baby (4,034 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

stored-program computer, the only arithmetic operations implemented in hardware were subtraction and negation; other arithmetic operations were implemented

Two-element Boolean algebra (1,311 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

work exactly as in numerical arithmetic, except that 1+1=1. '+' and '∙' are derived by analogy from numerical arithmetic; simply set any nonzero number

Gopal Prasad (1,799 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the fields of Lie groups, their discrete subgroups, algebraic groups, arithmetic groups, geometry of locally symmetric spaces, and representation theory

Commutative property (1,542 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mathematical proofs depend on it. Perhaps most familiar as a property of arithmetic, e.g. "3 + 4 = 4 + 3" or "2 × 5 = 5 × 2", the property can also be used

Gopal Prasad (1,799 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the fields of Lie groups, their discrete subgroups, algebraic groups, arithmetic groups, geometry of locally symmetric spaces, and representation theory

Zero flag (244 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

check the result of an arithmetic operation, including bitwise logical instructions. It is set to 1, or true, if an arithmetic result is zero, and reset

Nick Katz (639 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(/kæts/; born December 7, 1943) is an American mathematician, working in arithmetic geometry, particularly on p-adic methods, monodromy and moduli problems

Fibonacci (2,263 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

meeting with many merchants and learning about their systems of doing arithmetic. He soon realised the many advantages of the Hindu-Arabic system, which

Saturation (497 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

model, a concept in mathematical logic Saturation arithmetic, in arithmetic, a version of arithmetic in which all operations are limited to fixed range

Balanced ternary (4,106 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

An arithmetic shift left of a balanced ternary number is the equivalent of multiplication by a (positive, integral) power of 3; and an arithmetic shift

Cerebellar model articulation controller (1,137 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The cerebellar model arithmetic computer (CMAC) is a type of neural network based on a model of the mammalian cerebellum. It is also known as the cerebellar

MS BASIC for Macintosh (68 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

versions, one with standard binary floating point and another with decimal arithmetic. Hart, Glenn (May 1985). "Microsoft Basic 2.0 for the Mac". Creative Computing

Karatsuba algorithm (2,046 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Karatsuba algorithm is a fast multiplication algorithm for integers. It was discovered by Anatoly Karatsuba in 1960 and published in 1962. It is a

Relative abundance distribution (297 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

histogram of number (or percent) of species on the y-axis vs. abundance on an arithmetic x-axis, the classic hyperbolic J-curve or hollow curve is produced, indicating

Symmetry454 (835 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

between Symmetry454 and a variety of other calendars. The Symmetry454 arithmetic is fully documented and placed in the public domain for royalty-free computer

Jamshid al-Kashi (2,999 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

=3\sin \phi -4\sin ^{3}\phi \,\!} Al-Kashi's Miftāḥ al-ḥisāb (Key of Arithmetic, 1427) explained how to solve triangles from various combinations of given

Jordan Ellenberg (1,225 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mathematics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. His research involves arithmetic geometry. He is also an author of both fiction and non-fiction writing

X87 (2,557 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

double-precision and 80-bit double-extended precision binary floating-point arithmetic as per the IEEE 754-1985 standard. By default, the x87 processors all

Michael Rosen (mathematician) (533 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

mathematician who works on algebraic number theory, arithmetic theory of function fields, and arithmetic algebraic geometry. Rosen earned a bachelor's degree

Algorithmic trading (10,507 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Algorithmic trading is a method of executing orders using automated pre-programmed trading instructions accounting for variables such as time, price, and

Cyclic redundancy check (5,843 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

caveat is that the polynomial coefficients are calculated according to the arithmetic of a finite field, so the addition operation can always be performed bitwise-parallel

Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture (3,437 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

have been proven. The modern formulation of the conjecture relates to arithmetic data associated with an elliptic curve E over a number field K to the

Mask (computing) (1,741 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

In computer science, a mask or bitmask is data that is used for bitwise operations, particularly in a bit field. Using a mask, multiple bits in a byte

Binary code (2,048 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Explication de l'Arithmétique Binaire (English: Explanation of the Binary Arithmetic) which uses only the characters 1 and 0, and some remarks on its usefulness

Computable number (3,269 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

computable, even though the computable reals are themselves ordered. The arithmetical operations on computable numbers are themselves computable in the sense

XOR linked list (1,233 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

An XOR linked list is a type of data structure used in computer programming. It takes advantage of the bitwise XOR operation to decrease storage requirements

Genus–degree formula (685 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle d} of an irreducible plane curve C {\displaystyle C} with its arithmetic genus g {\displaystyle g} via the formula: g = 1 2 ( d − 1 ) ( d − 2 )

UTF-1 (434 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

characters tried to be ISO/IEC 2022 compatible. UTF-1 uses "modulo 190" arithmetic (256 − 66 = 190). For comparison, UTF-8 protects all 128 ASCII characters

Ken Ribet (871 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Kenneth Alan Ribet (/ˈrɪbɪt/; born June 28, 1948) is an American mathematician working in algebraic number theory and algebraic geometry. He is known for

Mark Kisin (254 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Kisin is a mathematician known for work in algebraic number theory and arithmetic geometry. In particular, he is known for his contributions to the study

Software bug (4,700 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

complicated, buggy code. For example, the Java does not support pointer arithmetic which is generally fast, but is considered dangerous; relatively likely

GF(2) (1,059 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

GF(2) (also denoted F 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{2}} , Z/2Z or Z / 2 Z {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} /2\mathbb {Z} } ) is the finite field with two elements

Overflow flag (452 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

usually a single bit in a system status register used to indicate when an arithmetic overflow has occurred in an operation, indicating that the signed two's-complement

Modularity theorem (2,359 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

suitable generalization of a modular form) to more general objects of arithmetic algebraic geometry, such as to every elliptic curve over a number field

Edmund Husserl (12,492 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

directly to his Philosophy of Arithmetic. Some scholars question whether Frege's negative review of the Philosophy of Arithmetic helped turn Husserl towards