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Longer titles found: Working fluid selection (view)

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Vacuum ejector (1,198 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which produces vacuum by means of the Venturi effect. In an ejector, a working fluid (liquid or gaseous) flows through a jet nozzle into a tube that first

turbines have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in

into the working fluid. The inner container, filled with the substance to be heated, fits inside the outer container filled with the working fluid (often

provide desalination, and the remainder would be used for pumping. The working fluid would be sea water. With the start of the Yemeni civil war, solar panels

defined as a closed regenerative cycle with a gaseous working fluid. "Closed cycle" means the working fluid is permanently contained within the thermodynamic

It uses a solution of 2 fluids with different boiling points for its working fluid. Since the solution boils over a range of temperatures as in distillation

−29.8 °C) are listed in the Mother Earth News articles). Ideally, the working fluid also has a high vapor pressure and density. As the lower chamber in

turbine. Open-cycle engines use vapor from the seawater itself as the working fluid. OTEC can also supply quantities of cold water as a by-product. This

spring-loaded foil journal lining. Once the shaft is spinning fast enough, the working fluid (usually air) pushes the foil away from the shaft so that no contact

cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case of dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near

contrast to the ideal Stirling cycle with an isothermal working space. The working fluid has no bearing on the maximum thermal efficiencies of the pseudo Stirling

dynamics, the wetted area is the surface area that interacts with the working fluid or gas. In maritime use, the wetted area is the area of the watercraft's

entropies of the hot furnace, the "working fluid" of the heat engine, and the cold sink) remains constant when the "working fluid" completes one cycle and returns

to its initial state. In the process of passing through a cycle, the working fluid (system) may convert heat from a warm source into useful work, and dispose

the working fluid is atmospheric air. In a light-gas gun, the piston is powered by a chemical reaction (usually gunpowder), and the working fluid is a

specifically excludes any engine performing a thermodynamic cycle in which the working fluid undergoes a phase transition, such as the Rankine cycle. Also excluded

recuperated, high-pressure, Brayton cycle employing a transcritical CO2 working fluid with an oxy-fuel combustion regime. This cycle begins by burning a gaseous

photon inside a cavity with perfectly reflecting walls. Radiation is the working fluid, and the piston is driven by radiation pressure. A quantum Carnot engine

which the working fluid comes to the turbine under immense pressure and the energy is extracted by the turbine blades from the working fluid. A part of

examples of airfoils. Foils of similar function designed with water as the working fluid are called hydrofoils. When oriented at a suitable angle, a solid body

modern diffusion pumps use silicone oil or polyphenyl ethers as the working fluid. In the late 19th century, most vacuums were created using a Sprengel

Constant-pressure heat rejection. In this step, heat is removed from the working fluid while the fluid remains at constant pressure. In open-cycle engines

the working fluid in the cycle, and how it is removed. The Carnot cycle achieves maximum efficiency because all the heat is added to the working fluid at

circulating pump on when there is heat available in the panels, moving the working fluid through the panels to the heat exchanger at the thermal store. Heat

hydraulic actuated braking system. Initially, vegetable oil was used as a working fluid. But it did not meet the most basic requirements, and in the process

initially blocked the flow path of the working fluid forward until the hole aligns with the tubing, allowing the working fluid to flow, or force a sharpened piston

heat source, a cooling medium (air, water or other), a circulating working fluid and a turboexpander. The system can accommodate a wide variety of heat

form a helical spiral which, when rotated, exerts linear thrust upon a working fluid such as water or air. Propellers are used to pump fluid through a pipe

been used in drag-racing applications. In a nuclear thermal rocket a working fluid, usually liquid hydrogen, is heated to a high temperature in a nuclear

to return the working fluid from the evaporator to the condenser. The pipe contains both saturated liquid and vapor of a working fluid (such as water

the temperature of the gaseous working fluid is increased. This increases the pressure of the gaseous working fluid, and as it expands, work is done

type of nozzle which includes a centerbody or plug around which the working fluid flows. Plug nozzles have applications in aircraft, rockets, and numerous

characterized by high potential efficiencies and no moving parts except for the working fluid, which make it a candidate for space power applications. It was invented

Hydropneumatic suspension is a type of motor vehicle suspension system, invented by Paul Magès, produced by Citroën, and fitted to Citroën cars, as well

Poston. A smaller test reactor called SAFE-30 was first built. The working fluid used in the reactor was a helium–xenon gas mixture. The project was

contribute to expansion without another gas present to function as a working fluid. This generally has relegated aluminum's role in rocketry to that of

mass. A jet engine is a reaction engine which uses ambient air as the working fluid and converts it to a hot, high-pressure gas which is expanded through

the fluid volume, and hence the forces on the bearing components. The working fluid in this case is often termed a lubricant. Free film lubrication theory

is conducted through the metal and absorbed by the working fluid (presuming that the working fluid is cooler than the operating temperature of the cells)

subsurface working fluid that is heated in the hot rock reservoir without direct contact with rock pores and fractures. Instead, the subsurface working fluid stays

functions similar to a recirculating wind tunnel, but uses water as the working fluid, and related phenomena are investigated, such as measuring the forces

Hydraulic hybrid vehicle systems consists of four main components: the working fluid, reservoir, pump/motor (in parallel hybrid system) or in-wheel motors

sub-systems: by way of example, decreasing the evaporation temperature of the working fluid increases the thermal efficiency of the solar panel but decreases the

through a duct is heated by a heat-exchanger or radiator containing a hot working fluid. Typically the fluid is a coolant carrying waste heat from an internal

turbines to be more compact. N2O4 was the main component of the "nitrin" working fluid in the decommissioned Pamir-630D portable nuclear reactor which operated

working fluid. The system was self-priming and totally passive in operation. When heat was applied to the LHP evaporator, part of the working fluid vaporized

systems are known to have long service lives if maintained properly. The working fluid passing through a fluid motor inherently provides cooling of the motor

is the heat transferred into the working fluid p ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar {p}}} is the mean pressure of the working fluid V s w {\displaystyle V_{sw}} is

each injection of fuel. These designs use either steam or air as the working fluid for the additional power stroke. The designs in which the six strokes

volume of a thermodynamic system typically refers to the volume of the working fluid, such as, for example, the fluid within a piston. Changes to this volume

gases. It is a rotating, airfoil-based compressor in which the gas or working fluid principally flows parallel to the axis of rotation, or axially. This

nuclear energy is generated in some form of reactor and used to heat a working fluid to generate thrust. This limits the designs to temperatures that allow

Rankine cycle, Brayton cycle, etc.). The most common cycle involves a working fluid (often water) heated and boiled under high pressure in a pressure vessel

genus Pseudochrobactrum, which was isolated from water mixed metal-working fluid in Germany. LPSN lpsn.dsmz.de UniProt Kampfer, P.; Huber, B.; Lodders

efficient) method is cooling by thermal diffusion. Most abundantly used working fluid is n-butanol; during last years water is also encountered in this use

those that heat a working fluid or an intermediate material which is then used for propulsion, and those that heat a working fluid or an intermediate

mercury pressure gauge is a type of manometer using mercury as the working fluid. The most basic form of this instrument is a U-shaped glass tube filled

stations the operating temperature must be raised. Using water as the working fluid, this takes it into supercritical conditions. Efficiencies can be raised

Focal point for concentrated sunlight; contains working fluid to be heated

refrigerants.[citation needed] Silicone oil is also commonly used as the working fluid in dashpots, wet-type transformers, diffusion pumps and in oil-filled

thermal fatigue. In conjunction with active film cooling, TBCs permit working fluid temperatures higher than the melting point of the metal airfoil in some

difference between the heat produced and the heat removed. A mass of air (working fluid) is drawn into the cylinder, from 0 to 1, at atmospheric pressure (constant

combustion engines, using a cryogenic working fluid requires heat exchangers to warm and cool the working fluid. In a humid environment, frost formation

stage and a high-temperature power stage. Each stage consists of a working fluid chamber that a copper lined membrane electrode assembly (MEA) bisects

external combustion engine (EC engine) is a heat engine where an internal working fluid is heated by combustion of an external source, through the engine wall

A molten salt reactor design, a type of nuclear reactor where the working fluid is a molten salt, would use UF4 as the core material. UF4 is generally

providing much lower forces due to the incompressibility. The hydraulic working fluid is practically incompressible, leading to a minimum of spring action

A to D depending on what the system does not make use of: no moving working fluid no moving mechanical part no signal inputs of 'intelligence' no external

outward then it is called outflow radial turbine. In this turbine, the working fluid enters around the axis of the wheel and then flows outwards (i.e., towards

subsurface working fluid that is heated in a hot rock reservoir without direct contact with rock pores and fractures.: Instead, the subsurface working fluid stays

expansion, is used to reduce the total input power. Usually helium is the working fluid. The cooling cycle is split in 4 steps as depicted in Fig.2. The cycle

Kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy

loop heat pipe, first the heat enters the evaporator and vaporizes the working fluid at the wick outer surface. The vapor then flows down the system of grooves

engine, a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. Serial time-encoded amplified microscopy, an optical imaging method

US patent in 1945. Arthur M. Hillery suggested the use of acetone as working fluid. It was again patented in the US by Miles V. Sullivan in 1946. He was

pump, which is tied to a hydraulic cylinder. The pump pressurizes a working fluid, typically hydraulic oil, directly raising the pressure in the cylinder

and actual speed of the prime mover is used to increase the flow of working fluid (fuel, steam, etc.) to the prime mover, and hence power output is increased

engine Solar furnace – Focal point for concentrated sunlight; contains working fluid to be heated Hippias, 2 (cf. Galen, On temperaments 3.2, who mentions

of the caustic material, and increased viscosity and density of the working fluid. For bauxites having more than 10% silica, the Bayer process becomes

sensible to develop suitable technology. The chiller used water as the working fluid. The evaporators consisted of indirect heat exchangers mounted in the

chips. Active microfluidics refers to the defined manipulation of the working fluid by active (micro) components such as micropumps or microvalves. Micropumps

warmer. In 1732, Delisle built a thermometer that used mercury as a working fluid. Delisle chose his scale using the temperature of boiling water as the

chips. Active microfluidics refers to the defined manipulation of the working fluid by active (micro) components such as micropumps or microvalves. Micropumps

and hydrodynamic brakes, such as parachutes, which use friction in a working fluid and do not explicitly wear. Typically the term "friction brake" is used

300 K may be achieved using He-3, the rare isotope of helium, as the working fluid in a helium pot. Temperatures down to 1 mK can be reached by employing

completely new gas turbine was designed for the application; and the working fluid - nitrogen - was compressed to 9 standard atmospheres (910 kPa). The

toxicity have ruled out mercury as a working fluid. Another option is using a supercritical fluid as a working fluid. Supercritical fluids behave similar

glass tube filled with mercury or some other liquid, which acts as the working fluid. Temperature increase causes the fluid to expand, so the temperature

the chamber, and the viscous drag induced will slow the vehicle. The working fluid will heat, and is usually circulated through a cooling system. The degree

This closed-loop system acts as a subsurface reverse radiator, where a working fluid circulates through a series of multilateral wellbores and extracts heat

for concern was corrosion of the pistons. The use of canal water as a working fluid in the hydraulic system and the immersion of the pistons in the wet

Generation IV nuclear reactor concept that uses supercritical water as the working fluid Supercritical flow, where flow velocity is larger than wave velocity

compressors and pumps is that the compressor working fluid is a gas (compressible) and the pump working fluid is liquid (incompressible). Again, the engineering

working fluid, different concentrations of the working fluid correspond to different temperatures, the temperature and concentration of working fluid

bearing can be as simple as two smooth surfaces with seals to keep in the working fluid. In contrast, a conventional rolling-element bearing may require many

working fluid. In the former case the sunlight is absorbed by a surface, where as in the latter case the sunlight is directly absorbed by the working

the fuel Work out ( W o u t {\displaystyle W_{out}} ) is done by the working fluid expanding and pushing a piston (this produces usable work) Heat out

because they do not need pipes for the return and recycling of the working fluid. On the other hand, they still need external infrastructure such as

early mechanical refrigerators. Carbon dioxide (R-744) is used as a working fluid in climate control systems for cars, residential air conditioning, commercial

electric field diagram. It can be compared to the Ericsson cycle, where working fluid undergoes two isothermal and two isobaric processes in a pressure-volume

cycle is analogous to Earth's hydrologic cycle, with meteorological working fluid existing in liquid and gas phase. TiME would directly discern the methane

case the area under the curve represents work per unit mass of the working fluid (i.e. J/kg).[citation needed] In cardiovascular physiology, the diagram

reactor than a thermal reactor. It uses supercritical water as the working fluid. SCWRs are basically light water reactors (LWR) operating at higher

cycle is analogous to Earth's hydrologic cycle, with meteorological working fluid existing as rain, clouds, rivers and lakes. TiME would directly discern

all cases the combustion product waste gases are separate from the working fluid of the steam cycle, making these systems examples of external combustion

Supercritical drying (red arrow) goes beyond the critical point of the working fluid in order to avoid the direct liquid–gas transition seen in ordinary

contact and non-contact, the latter of which is rare and requires a working fluid to transmit the ultrasonic vibrations of the stator toward the rotor

is essentially a scroll compressor working in reverse; high enthalpy working fluid or gas enters the discharge side of the compressor and rotates the eccentric

(sound) frequencies is usually limited by using a compressible gas as the working fluid or mounting it with rubber bushings. Some shock absorbers allow tuning

Rankine Cycle with HFO-1336mzz-Z as a low global warming potential working fluid for micro-scale low temperature applications". Energy. 133: 79–89. doi:10

occurring in confined spaces (crevices), to which the access of the working fluid from the environment is limited. Formation of a differential aeration

the electric current. d is the air gap. k is the ion mobility of the working fluid, expressed in A⋅s2⋅kg−1 in SI units, but more commonly expressed with

telecommunications industry. Other potential or current uses of rubidium include a working fluid in vapor turbines, as a getter in vacuum tubes, and as a photocell component

The efficiency of a thermal power cycle is limited by the maximum working fluid temperature produced. The efficiency is not directly a function of the

(Figure 1), the isothermal stages follow the isotherm lines for the working fluid, the adiabatic stages move between isotherms, and the area bounded by

energy to the propellant. Some designs separate the nuclear fuel and working fluid, minimizing the potential for radioactive contamination, but nuclear

transform this pressure into energy, and recirculate the working fluid. Typically, the working fluid used in this kind of hydrostatic transmission is oil

removed from the pumped cavity. Pumps that use oil either as their working fluid (diffusion pumps), or as their lubricant (mechanical rotary pumps),

expansion tanks in the system to accommodate this varying volume of the working fluid. These tanks often use a rubber diaphragm pressurised with compressed

electricity generation efficiency. As a means of cooling flue gas scrubbing working fluid (typically water) from 60 ˚C post-injection to 20 ˚C pre-injection temperatures

thermionic converter by V. Wilson. Electrons from a hot cathode act as a working fluid which condenses on a cold anode and produces an electric current. Several

the quantity of working fluid delivered 128611 28.08.1940 V/d/2 Support system for bearings for rotating machines with hot working fluid, mainly gas and

liquid's density to be measured accurately by reference to an appropriate working fluid, such as water or mercury, using an analytical balance.[citation needed]

refers to how long the valve is kept open. Due to the behavior of the working fluid (air and fuel mixture) before and after combustion, which have physical

caloric in the scientific parlance of the day, instead of steam as a working fluid. A similar device had been patented earlier in 1816 by the Reverend

coupling introduces mechanical pumps that consume energy to circulate the working fluid. While some commercially available solutions have been available for

bank. A vapor-compression chiller uses a refrigerant internally as its working fluid. Many refrigerants options are available; when selecting a chiller,

testing. Pumping flow: the tubing and pump are run to a depth beneath the working fluid. The pump and rod string are installed concentrically within the tubing

possess Tesla's nozzle). Rice's experimental single-stage system's working fluid was air. Rice's test turbines, as published in early reports, produced

where food is prepared, either an edible oil or water is used as a working fluid for health and safety reasons. In addition to transferring energy, hydraulic

nontoxic. Some alkyl derivatives of adamantane have been used as a working fluid in hydraulic systems. Adamantane-based polymers might find application

difference (TTD) as low as possible. The heat transfer between the working fluid and the cooling air is achieved by convection only and not by evaporation

Monte Carlo sedan to use this turbine system. It used a proprietary working fluid dubbed Learium, possibly a chlorofluorocarbon similar to DuPont Freon

compressed gas at the discharge of pump contains a small amount of the working fluid, which is usually removed in a vapor–liquid separator. The earliest

the forward motion of the ramjet is used to raise the pressure of its working fluid (air) as required for combustion. Air is compressed, heated by combustion

Italians dominated the industry in England. Using vacuum pump oil as the working fluid in a barometer has led to the creation of the new "World's Tallest Barometer"

cannot expand and do work and work implies temperature drop, much of the working fluid is wasted along with the fuel expended to produce it. Another way to

Rendering of an Ericsson engine. A cold gaseous working fluid, such as atmospheric air (shown in blue), enters the cylinder via a non-return valve at

vehicles. Intuitively, propellers cannot work in space as there is no working fluid; however, some sources have suggested that since space is never empty

for reaction turbines. A pressure casement is needed to contain the working fluid. For compressible working fluids, multiple turbine stages are usually

10, 1981. “Apparatus for Providing Radiative Heat Rejection From a Working Fluid Used in a Rankine Cycle Type System”. Joint with Phyllis S. Smith. U

polymers. Virtually all oils require a specific range of viscosity as a working fluid, so viscosity is the primary factor that determines if an oil is acceptable

pressurized and cryogenic wind tunnels in which the viscosity of the working fluid can be greatly changed to compensate for the reduced scale of the model

The convective heat transfer between a uniformly heated wall and the working fluid is described by Newton's law of cooling: q = h ( T w − T f ) {\displaystyle

Taking the direction of heat transfer Q {\displaystyle Q} to be into the working fluid and assuming a reversible process, the heat is δ Q = T d S , {\displaystyle

usually due to ingestion of air into the pump, or evaporation of the working fluid if the pump is used infrequently. Clearances and displacement ratios

building (and sometimes also used for domestic hot water) causing the hot working fluid to condense back into a liquid. From there the high pressure fluid is

Blundell Unit 2, makes use of the Ormat bottoming cycle and an iso-pentane working fluid to generate 11 MW of power, net output of 10 MW, which gives a total

non-ozone depleting, non-toxic, non-flammable) could make it the future working fluid to replace current HFCs in cars, supermarkets, and heat pump water heaters

steam car, which uses water (in both liquid and gaseous forms) as a working fluid, not as a fuel. An electric car charged with or directly powered by

entropy is a function of state makes it useful. In the Carnot cycle, the working fluid returns to the same state that it had at the start of the cycle, hence

and steam. In almost all thermal power stations, water is used as the working fluid (used in a closed-loop between boiler, steam turbine, and condenser)

"For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction". A gas or working fluid is accelerated out the rear of the rocket engine nozzle, and the rocket

horizontally, the load applied by a hydraulic cylinder and ram. The working fluid is water not oil. The load is measured by a weighing system consisting

transmits momentum to the craft. Pulsed plasma propulsion using air as the working fluid is the simplest form of air-breathing laser propulsion. The record-breaking

bearing Hot air engine – External combustion engine using air as the working fluid Guided-rotor compressor – Type of positive-displacement rotary gas compressor

the average thickness of the gas space is about 0.1 cm, and 4) the working fluid is Helium, a gas having good thermal properties for Stirling engines

From a thermodynamic viewpoint, it is the use of electron vapor as the working fluid in a power-producing cycle. A thermionic converter consists of a hot

widespread acceptance. Caesium metal has also been considered as the working fluid in high-temperature Rankine cycle turboelectric generators. Caesium

Mechanical blockage used to prevent loss of working fluid in an emergency

research. Nuclear power generally requires a nuclear reactor to heat a working fluid such as water, which is then used to create steam pressure, which is

obtained. With a three-stage PTR 1.73 K has been reached using 3He as the working fluid. The coefficient of performance of PTRs at room temperature is low,

any method which produces a neutron flux that is captured to heat a working fluid will also bombard its electrodes with that flux, heating them as well

the case, simultaneously operating to cool a liquid cooling device's working fluid and to ventilate the case. In laptops, a single blower fan often cools

to ensure a tight seal between the hose and the barb, preventing the working fluid from escaping. To this goal, they are designed to provide even pressure

longer cooling observed since cooling requires compressibility of the working fluid. Vortex tubes have lower efficiency than traditional air conditioning

stainless steel at the LOX end. The turbine was a partial-admission (i.e., working fluid is only admitted through part of the rotation of the turbine; an arc

due to friction in terms of the equivalent height of a column of the working fluid, so the pressure drop is Δ p = ρ g Δ h , {\displaystyle \Delta p=\rho

water pump, which have a relatively low current draw at start-up. The working fluid is water. No special refrigerants, such as ammonia or CFCs, are used

from combustion at Mach 2.5 is around 10% of the total enthalpy of the working fluid. Depending on the fuel, the kinetic energy of the air and the potential

Groove heat pipes are aluminum extrusions with ammonia used as the working fluid. Typical Applications Include: Payload thermal management Heat transport

compliant, in order to replicate the dilation of the valve, or rigid. The working fluid within the model should have a refractive index to match that of the

Rodriguez de Arriba, D. Sánchez, F. Jiménez-Espadafor (2021). "Influence of Working Fluid Composition on the Optimum Characteristics of Blended Supercritical

rocket with fuel). In a nuclear thermal rocket or solar thermal rocket a working fluid, usually hydrogen, is heated to a high temperature, and then expands

compressor before mixing with fuel. The air-fuel mixture, also known as the working fluid, is combusted in a deflagration (a combustion reaction propagating at

R.K, C. Lu, and H. Huang. 2012, Thermo-hydro-mechncial modeling of working fluid injection and thermal energy extraction in EGS fractures and rock matrix

(January 2020). "Engineered Lateral Roughness Element Implementation and Working Fluid Alteration to Intensify Hydrodynamic Cavitating Flows on a Chip for

velocities. Considering the product v² × B², it is apparent that a light working fluid should dominate the thermal properties and the UF4 fraction should be

bio-catalysts or enzymes doped on solids since the solid are fluidized by the working fluid and there is no mechanical impact on the solids. A slurry reactor contains

permit direct viewing of the core in operation and can also serve as a working fluid for heat transfer. Carbon in the form of graphite has been widely used

encapsulating material) storage densities can be between 0.2 and 2 MJ/L. A working fluid, typically water or steam, is used to transfer the heat into and out

compressibility, tensile strength and other characteristics of the working fluid (or multiple fluids) complicate Bernoulli's equation. Once started,

radiation/boiler/energy exchanger where the X-ray energy is absorbed by a working fluid at temperatures of several thousand degrees, more recent research done

appearing most promising thus far. HFO-1234ze(E) has been adopted as a working fluid in chillers, heat pumps, and supermarket refrigeration systems. There

the room and c 0 {\displaystyle c_{0}} the celerity of sound in the working fluid. Acoustic tests are mainly use for environmental tests on aircraft structures

extensive wind tunnel research on aerofoil sections, using steam as the working fluid. He proved the principles of aerodynamic lift foreseen by Cayley and

Usual Rankine cycles are thermodynamic cycles that employ water as a working fluid to produce electric power from thermal sources. In Organic Rankine cycles

engines wherein the working fluid is heated by internal combustion of gas 1881 1389 Improvements in caloric engines wherein the working fluid is heated by internal

bearings are suited for applications requiring a low contamination of the working fluid. This is a critical aspect to the pharmaceutical industry, nuclear fuel

(July 2006). "Numerical and experimental studies on circulation of working fluid in liquid droplet radiator". Acta Astronautica. 59 (1–5): 192. Bibcode:2006AcAau

heat pipes transferring heat to an exhaust fan expelling hot air The working fluid in the heatpipes transfers heat away from the laptop's CPU and video

pyroelectric conversion based on heat regeneration using an oscillating working fluid and the Olsen cycle can reach Carnot efficiency between a hot and a

drive pumps and compressors for the liquid hydrogen fuel and helium working fluid itself. Previous versions of precoolers such as HOTOL put the hydrogen

geometry of the constriction and the electrical conductivity of the working fluid. Hence, by monitoring the electrical resistance as indicated by changes

field strength, pressure, degree of ionization and velocity of the working fluid) but the increased effective diameter of the air inlet by the virtual

cooker. He also conceived of a number of devices using air pressure as a working fluid, include a series of fountains, pumps, and similar devices. In spite

consists of a steam generator, a turbine, a condenser, and a pump. The working fluid is usually water. A Rankine power conversion system coupled to a LFTR

additional modifications to the system in the 1970s, including changing the working fluid in the collector loop to ethylene glycol (in order to prevent freezing)

constraint, as the upstream pressure rises, so does the velocity of the working fluid. However, it's important to note that the increase rate of the square

turbines have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Turbomachinery Turbomachinery, in mechanical engineering, describes

receiver that absorbs concentrated sunlight and transfers heat energy to a working fluid (usually a mineral oil, or more rarely, molten salts, metals, steam

from one point to another by the evaporation and condensation of a working fluid or coolant. They are fundamentally better at heat conduction over larger

type of nozzle which includes a centerbody or plug around which the working fluid flows. Plug nozzles have applications in aircraft, rockets, and numerous

retrieved 2011-12-17 "HC Refrigerant". Juhasz, Jason R. (2017). Novel Working Fluid, HFO-1336mzz(E), for Use in Waste Heat Recovery Application (PDF). 12th

of modern steam power, and to remind his students that the perfect working fluid is still water. In 1997, Ted Pritchard made a submission to the Inquiry

operating in finite time. A model consisting of spin-1/2 systems as the working fluid". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 96 (4): 3054–3067. Bibcode:1992JChPh

propulsion devices develop thrust by increasing the velocity of the working fluid. Conversion of fuel into thrust may be shown on a sketch which illustrates

storage followed by nighttime combustion of stored H2 using water as a working fluid to supply electricity around the clock with calculated overall sun to

uses a secondary coolant loop that has nitrate-nitrate salt as the working fluid. The nitrate salt is KNO3-NaNO2-NaNO3 (44-49-7 mole %). A supercritical

maintaining liquid-vapor equilibrium, enabling efficient circulation of the working fluid. Traditional wicks are often manufactured separately and integrated

major components, the Steam Generator, Piston Block, and Condenser. The working fluid, deionized water, travels continuously through these three components

Minto of Kinetics Corporation, using Ucon U-113 fluorocarbon as the working fluid instead of gasoline, kerosene and steam or the like as a fuel. The first

combustion, but originally used alcohol vapor instead of steam as the working fluid. Originally owned by the North-West Mounted Police. The NWMP became