Find link

language: af: Afrikaans als: Alemannisch [Alemannic] am: አማርኛ [Amharic] an: aragonés [Aragonese] ar: العربية [Arabic] arz: مصرى [Egyptian Arabic] as: অসমীয়া [Assamese] ast: asturianu [Asturian] az: azərbaycanca [Azerbaijani] azb: تۆرکجه [Southern Azerbaijani] ba: башҡортса [Bashkir] bar: Boarisch [Bavarian] bat-smg: žemaitėška [Samogitian] be: беларуская [Belarusian] be-tarask: беларуская (тарашкевіца) [Belarusian (Taraškievica)] bg: български [Bulgarian] bn: বাংলা [Bengali] bpy: বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী [Bishnupriya Manipuri] br: brezhoneg [Breton] bs: bosanski [Bosnian] bug: ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ [Buginese] ca: català [Catalan] ce: нохчийн [Chechen] ceb: Cebuano ckb: کوردیی ناوەندی [Kurdish (Sorani)] cs: čeština [Czech] cv: Чӑвашла [Chuvash] cy: Cymraeg [Welsh] da: dansk [Danish] de: Deutsch [German] el: Ελληνικά [Greek] en: English eo: Esperanto es: español [Spanish] et: eesti [Estonian] eu: euskara [Basque] fa: فارسی [Persian] fi: suomi [Finnish] fo: føroyskt [Faroese] fr: français [French] fy: Frysk [West Frisian] ga: Gaeilge [Irish] gd: Gàidhlig [Scottish Gaelic] gl: galego [Galician] gu: ગુજરાતી [Gujarati] he: עברית [Hebrew] hi: हिन्दी [Hindi] hr: hrvatski [Croatian] hsb: hornjoserbsce [Upper Sorbian] ht: Kreyòl ayisyen [Haitian] hu: magyar [Hungarian] hy: Հայերեն [Armenian] ia: interlingua [Interlingua] id: Bahasa Indonesia [Indonesian] io: Ido is: íslenska [Icelandic] it: italiano [Italian] ja: 日本語 [Japanese] jv: Basa Jawa [Javanese] ka: ქართული [Georgian] kk: қазақша [Kazakh] kn: ಕನ್ನಡ [Kannada] ko: 한국어 [Korean] ku: Kurdî [Kurdish (Kurmanji)] ky: Кыргызча [Kirghiz] la: Latina [Latin] lb: Lëtzebuergesch [Luxembourgish] li: Limburgs [Limburgish] lmo: lumbaart [Lombard] lt: lietuvių [Lithuanian] lv: latviešu [Latvian] map-bms: Basa Banyumasan [Banyumasan] mg: Malagasy min: Baso Minangkabau [Minangkabau] mk: македонски [Macedonian] ml: മലയാളം [Malayalam] mn: монгол [Mongolian] mr: मराठी [Marathi] mrj: кырык мары [Hill Mari] ms: Bahasa Melayu [Malay] my: မြန်မာဘာသာ [Burmese] mzn: مازِرونی [Mazandarani] nah: Nāhuatl [Nahuatl] nap: Napulitano [Neapolitan] nds: Plattdüütsch [Low Saxon] ne: नेपाली [Nepali] new: नेपाल भाषा [Newar] nl: Nederlands [Dutch] nn: norsk nynorsk [Norwegian (Nynorsk)] no: norsk bokmål [Norwegian (Bokmål)] oc: occitan [Occitan] or: ଓଡ଼ିଆ [Oriya] os: Ирон [Ossetian] pa: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ [Eastern Punjabi] pl: polski [Polish] pms: Piemontèis [Piedmontese] pnb: پنجابی [Western Punjabi] pt: português [Portuguese] qu: Runa Simi [Quechua] ro: română [Romanian] ru: русский [Russian] sa: संस्कृतम् [Sanskrit] sah: саха тыла [Sakha] scn: sicilianu [Sicilian] sco: Scots sh: srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски [Serbo-Croatian] si: සිංහල [Sinhalese] simple: Simple English sk: slovenčina [Slovak] sl: slovenščina [Slovenian] sq: shqip [Albanian] sr: српски / srpski [Serbian] su: Basa Sunda [Sundanese] sv: svenska [Swedish] sw: Kiswahili [Swahili] ta: தமிழ் [Tamil] te: తెలుగు [Telugu] tg: тоҷикӣ [Tajik] th: ไทย [Thai] tl: Tagalog tr: Türkçe [Turkish] tt: татарча/tatarça [Tatar] uk: українська [Ukrainian] ur: اردو [Urdu] uz: oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча [Uzbek] vec: vèneto [Venetian] vi: Tiếng Việt [Vietnamese] vo: Volapük wa: walon [Walloon] war: Winaray [Waray] yi: ייִדיש [Yiddish] yo: Yorùbá [Yoruba] zh: 中文 [Chinese] zh-min-nan: Bân-lâm-gú [Min Nan] zh-yue: 粵語 [Cantonese]

jump to random article

Longer titles found: Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation (view)

searching for Thermal radiation 227 found (589 total)

alternate case: thermal radiation

Wien approximation (864 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

distribution law) is a law of physics used to describe the spectrum of thermal radiation (frequently called the blackbody function). This law was first derived

around the periphery of the center section were five bolometers for thermal radiation measurements and three cadmium sulfide micrometeoroid detector cells

caused by long-term exposure to heat (infrared radiation). Prolonged thermal radiation exposure to the skin can lead to the development of reticulated erythema

Orbital decay is a gradual decrease of the distance between two orbiting bodies at their closest approach (the periapsis) over many orbital periods. These

equations) predicted that a black hole formed by collapse will emit thermal radiation, it became clear that there is an unexpected connection between spacetime

nuclear bombers. The purpose of the colour is to reflect some of the thermal radiation from a nuclear explosion, protecting the aircraft and its occupants

and clouds) absorbing thermal radiation and reducing emissions to space, i.e., reducing the planet's emissivity of thermal radiation from its surface into

electroluminescence is used in SSL, as opposed to incandescent bulbs (which use thermal radiation) or fluorescent tubes. Compared to incandescent lighting, SSL creates

the giant HII region NGC 3603 which is about half as distant. Non-thermal radiation has been found which is believed to be from an old supernova remnant

below 0 °C (32 °F), at least at night, because the energy lost by thermal radiation would exceed the energy acquired from the atmospheric gas by direct

intense flashes of light, high voltage electric current, or strong thermal radiation. These may originate from, for example, a sufficiently large BLEVE

was an Irish-born British physicist. He is noted for his work on thermal radiation and on his creation of 4-figure logarithm tables, used to convert

velocity-dependent drag force upon charged particles that are being bathed in thermal radiation. Jean-Pierre Vigier and Richard L. Amoroso (2002). Gravitation and

the 1970s, long after Yarkovsky's death, his work on the effects of thermal radiation on small objects in the Solar System (e.g., asteroids) was developed

atmosphere contains greenhouse gas in an amount sufficient to block thermal radiation from leaving the planet, preventing the planet from cooling and from

spectrum where there is relatively little absorption of terrestrial thermal radiation by atmospheric gases. The window plays an important role in the atmospheric

third one is located around 3.5 micrometres, and another two the thermal radiation emitted by the planet, around 11 and 12 micrometres. The first AVHRR

Aluminized cloth is a material designed to reflect thermal radiation. Applications include fire proximity suits, emergency space blankets, protection

Howell. Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2002. Print. "The University of British Columbia." Thermal Radiation. N.p., n.d

as low emissivity surfaces used in window glasses, which reflect thermal radiation and have high transmittance factors (being transparent) for visible

as low emissivity surfaces used in window glasses, which reflect thermal radiation and have high transmittance factors (being transparent) for visible

paper has demonstrated that dogs, like vampire bats, can detect weak thermal radiation with their rhinaria (noses). Other animals with specialized heat detectors

stream is impacted by nutrient pollution, sediment, E. coli, and thermal radiation. The watershed mostly consists of forested land and agricultural land

cover mapping Fire detection Weather forecasting Measuring Earth's thermal radiation for atmospheric applications Sentinel-3 makes use of multiple sensing

of an object warmed by radiation (and therefore the intensity of thermal radiation from the object) lags behind changes in the incoming radiation. That

1980 and his Ph.D. Physics at Harvard in 1985 in the title of "Non-thermal Radiation Mechanisms and Processes in SS 433 and Active Galactic Nuclei", supervised

antireflection layer that enhances the ants' ability to offload excess heat by thermal radiation, which is emitted from the hot body of the ants to the air. This passive

equivalent power of cryogenic bolometers (detectors) by blocking excess thermal radiation outside of the frequency band of observation, and band-pass filters

kinds of particles may be due to differences in their absorptions of thermal radiation and other thermal effects collectively known as thermophoresis. In

mostly hydrogen. Unlike the plasma, these atoms could not scatter thermal radiation by Thomson scattering, and so the universe became transparent. Known

Measurement of thermal radiation emitted from materials

Thermal radiation in visible light can be seen on this hot metalwork.

gigawatt-hours of electricity per year. Earth emits roughly 1017 W of infrared thermal radiation that flows toward the cold outer space. Solar energy hits the surface

temperatures, a gas giant may glow red from thermal radiation but the reflected light generally overwhelms thermal radiation. For stars of visual apparent magnitude

in the watershed are impacted by nutrients, sediment, E. coli, and thermal radiation and one unnamed tributary is designated as an impaired waterbody.

stars" to be 5.6 K. 1926: Sir Arthur Eddington estimates the non-thermal radiation of starlight in the galaxy has an effective temperature of 3.2 K.

in the 1990s, a few nearby neutron stars that appear to emit only thermal radiation have been detected. Neutron stars in binary systems can undergo accretion

all-sky Laurence E. Peterson University of California, San Diego Thermal Radiation Emissivity near-Earth space environment Neel, Carr B Jr, NASA Ames

T 0 ) / √ T 0 {\displaystyle E\propto P(T_{1}-T_{0})/\surd T_{0}} Thermal radiation E ∝ ( T 1 4 − T 0 4 ) {\displaystyle E\propto (T_{1}^{4}-T_{0}^{4})}

like Pluto. In 2012, the size of 2001 QF298 was estimated based on thermal radiation data obtained with the Herschel Space Telescope. The result was 408

When heated from room temperature to 80 °C (353 K), the material's thermal radiation rises normally until 74 °C (347 K), before suddenly appearing to drop

emission from the newly formed water molecules. That is, the heat is thermal radiation whose particular set of radiant frequencies is uniquely characteristic

pulse tube coolers, to avoid contaminating the received signal with thermal radiation. The millimeter waves pass through a 45 cm polyethylene window in

again in 1946, working on temperature regulation and environmental thermal radiation. In 1953 she joined the Naval Air Development Center (NADC), where

frequently used to measure stagnation temperature, but allowances for thermal radiation must be made. Performance testing of solar thermal collectors utilizes

premature ignition in the grains where imperfections absorbing the thermal radiation are present. Carbon black is commonly used for this purpose; other

temperature (NET) is a measure of the sensitivity of a detector of thermal radiation in the infrared, terahertz or microwave portions of the electromagnetic

field. Sample heating can be accomplished by electron bombardment or thermal radiation. For electron bombardment, the sample holder is equipped with a filament

Instrument for measuring thermal radiation

the skin from the thermal radiation with the flash light, similar in average emission spectrum/color to sunlight. The thermal radiation emits in the ultraviolet

constant h tends to zero. With this idea he showed that Planck's law for thermal radiation leads to the Rayleigh–Jeans law, the classical prediction (valid for

Sun. It is sensitive to both thermal radiation from the chromosphere and corona of the Sun, and to non-thermal radiation from high-energy electrons accelerated

Cosmic Rays Micrometeorite Solar X-Ray and Lyman-Alpha Radiation Thermal Radiation Trapped Radiation and Solar Protons Explorer program ← Explorer 5

massed in tight formation, while producing relatively little blast, thermal radiation, or radioactive fallout. Other technologies were so-called "suppressed

Upconversion on Composite Organic Lanthanide Molecules through Localized Thermal Radiation". The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 8 (23): 5695–5699. doi:10

simplified by Dirk Polder and Michael van Hove in 1971 to describe thermal radiation between closely spaced bodies. This led to the development of near-field

Atmospheric Temperature and Composition From Remote Measurements of Thermal Radiation". Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics. 14 (4): 609. doi:10.1029/RG014i004p00609

via conduction, and then to the surroundings via air convection and thermal radiation. The columns of oil heaters are typically constructed as thin fins

is ablated at temperatures as high as 5,000 °C, producing bright thermal radiation. The common plastic poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) absorbs IR light

under water. The dominant effect of a nuclear weapon (the blast and thermal radiation) are the same physical damage mechanisms as conventional explosives

process – An explanation for how quasars are powered Hawking radiation – Thermal radiation believed to be emitted by black holes due to quantum effects High

using geostationary and polar-orbiting weather satellite visible and thermal radiation observations to improve forecasts of severe storms, including tornadoes

above. The initial glow faded over a period of about 30 seconds. The thermal radiation output of the explosion was such that observers were forced to take

wesentliche Rolle?" [In which features of the light quantum hypothesis does thermal radiation play an essential role?]. Annalen der Physik. 341 (11): 91–118. Bibcode:1911AnP

doi:10.1086/162239. Bookbinder, J. A. (1985). Observations of non-thermal radiation from late-type stars (Thesis). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.

Thermal Radiation Sources (TRS) are placed at varying distances from Ground Zero (GZ) to augment the blast and shock environment by providing thermal

consumption.” Aside from rooftop gardens providing resistance to thermal radiation, rooftop gardens are also beneficial in reducing rain run off. A roof

expression that accurately predicted the observed spectral distribution of thermal radiation from a closed furnace (black-body radiation). This mathematical expression

electrical insulating material Insulation for houses and tents, reflecting thermal radiation Five layers of metallized boPET film in NASA's spacesuits make them

illumination, it applies also when the illumination is simply background thermal radiation, provided that a factor of 2 is then used for this incoming flux as

thermodynamics. When a body is heated at constant temperature by thermal radiation in a microwave field for example, it may expand by an amount described

times over 6 oppositions and has an orbit quality of 1. In 2010, the thermal radiation of Dziewanna was observed by the Herschel Space Telescope, which allowed

surface of the Earth heats the troposphere by means of latent heat, thermal radiation, and sensible heat. The gas layers of the troposphere are less dense

Unintentional-irony.blogspot.no. Retrieved 11 May 2016. Chris Cavanagh. "Thermal Radiation Damage". Holbert.faculty.asu.edu. Archived from the original on 16

D. V. L., Rose, H. W., & Cibis, P. A. (1955). OCULAR EFFECTS OF THERMAL RADIATION FROM ATOMIC DETONATION-FLASHBLINDNESS AND CHORIORETINAL BURNS (No

bombs. He chaired the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project Panel on Thermal Radiation from 1949 to 1956. From 1956 to 1967 he chaired the National Academy

developed the first cavity radiator for the practical generation of thermal radiation. Their measurements of the spectrum of the black-body radiation were

the absorptive opacity is small. Beer-Lambert law Kirchoff's law of thermal radiation List of atmospheric radiative transfer codes Optical depth Planck's

regularly exchanged and provided no freezing or corrosion protection. Thermal radiation from the cathode heats the grid. As a result, low-work-function cathode

resistance. By 1880, Langley's bolometer was refined enough to detect thermal radiation from a cow a quarter of a mile (400 m) away. This radiant-heat detector

loss) and the radiation emitted by a black hole is probably the usual thermal radiation.[citation needed] If this is correct, then Hawking's original calculation

well as its temperature. Thus, the smaller the black hole, the more thermal radiation it will emit and the more quickly it will evaporate. Physics portal

blast (overpressure, dynamic pressure, ground shock, and cratering), thermal radiation (fire and other material effects), and nuclear radiation (initial

intensity of the thermal radiation of the recorded object. The recording is called a thermogram. The intensity of the thermal radiation of the object is

constant h tends to zero. With this idea he showed that Planck's law for thermal radiation leads to the Rayleigh–Jeans law, the classical prediction (valid for

the explosion it was found that besides the hazard of blindness, thermal radiation was another concern—even at an altitude of 76 kilometers (47 mi).

expands to the corona. Emission in the flash phase is primarily due to thermal radiation from the heated stellar atmosphere. As the material reaches the corona

observations done with the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS). Thermal radiation emitted by the warmed dust was observed in images taken in June 2016

– detect thermal radiation from the internal heat sources of sub-stellar objects like brown dwarfs Band 3 – 12 µm – detect thermal radiation from asteroids

Radiation Budget Instrument (RBI) would measure reflected sunlight and thermal radiation emitted by the Earth. The measurements of the RBI, which was to be

measurements is often an environmental source, such as sunlight or the thermal radiation from a warm object, and this makes it necessary to distinguish spectral

George S. (1 August 2003). "Thermoregulation is the pits: use of thermal radiation for retreat site selection by rattlesnakes". Journal of Experimental

electro-optical system mounted parallel to the sight visually receives thermal radiation (generally infrared) from a pyrotechnic system located on the tail

into the ground, 6,500 feet from ground zero. The initial release of thermal radiation ignited many of the trees, and the subsequent blast wave blew them

temperature on Earth. The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary atmosphere warms the planet's surface beyond the

129.3349.621. PMID 17735811. Dicke, RH (1946). "The measurement of thermal radiation at microwave frequencies". Review of Scientific Instruments. 17 (7):

measurement is also challenging because virtually everything emits IR as thermal radiation, especially at wavelengths beyond about 5 μm. Another complication

temperatures of such planets are more accurately estimated by modeling thermal radiation transport through the atmosphere. On airless bodies, the lack of any

instrument. This calibration system ensures that measurements of thermal radiation from the Earth’s surface are properly calibrated and do not rely on

power of a Ku band geostationary satellite 50 dBm 100 W Typical total thermal radiation emitted by a human body, peak at 31.5 THz (9.5 μm) Typical maximum

scientists to distinguish the different minerals on Mars based on their thermal radiation. The Microscopic Imager camera is attached the rover's arm and takes

reflected sunlight in 0.2–5 μm region, a channel to measure Earth-emitted thermal radiation in the 8–12 μm "window" or "WN" region, and a Total channel to measure

colleagues determined the source of the anomaly to be asymmetric thermal radiation and the resulting thermal recoil force acting on the face of the Pioneers

scientists to distinguish the different minerals on Mars based on their thermal radiation. The Microscopic Imager camera is attached the rover's arm and takes

(September 1970). "Airborne Observations of Contrail Effects on the Thermal Radiation Budget". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 27 (6): 937–942. Bibcode:1970JAtS

Radiation from a star (S) and thermal radiation from a particle seen (a) from an observer moving with the particle and (b) from an observer at rest with

of non-insulative (particularly non-solar facing) glazing. Indoor thermal radiation can also be a disadvantage with spectrally selective (low-e, low-emissivity)

tissue in excess of 5,000 °C, which often results in extremely bright thermal radiation. In September 2016 the Cochrane collaboration published a systematic

causing it to emit infrared radiation by which the food is cooked. The thermal radiation is generated when heat from the movement of charged particles within

cooling, which is a ubiquitous process of losing surface heat through thermal radiation. Instead of releasing waste heat into ambient air as conventional

dealt with improvements in cadmium storage batteries, as well as thermal radiation instrumentation. He directed the Eppley Research Laboratory until

produces heat which is transmitted to the material to be melted through thermal radiation heat transfer, which is why the furnace is referred to as an indirect

with intensity significantly higher than corresponds to emission by thermal radiation, was repeatedly reported by several authors over decades. These observations

(October 2005), "Nusselt number for the natural convection and surface thermal radiation in a square tilted open cavity", International Communications in Heat

relates to the likelihood of nuclear winter, the range of potential thermal radiation ignited fires was already reduced with miniaturization. For example

Time-stretch spectroscopy Thermal infrared spectroscopy measures thermal radiation emitted from materials and surfaces and is used to determine the type

Intensity of thermal radiation from the sun depends on view factor

and absorption in the atmosphere. While the emission spectrums of thermal radiation in engineering systems can vary widely as well. In determining the

ISBN 9781461566748. Howell, John R.; Menguc, M. Pinar; Siegal, Robert (2016). Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, 6th Ed. CRC Press. p. 15. ISBN 9781498757744. Demtroder

Section: B, page: 1134. Dicke, R.H. (1946). "The measurement of thermal radiation at microwave frequencies" (PDF). Review of Scientific Instruments

intrinsically emit thermal radiation at longer wavelengths due to their low temperatures. However, at long wavelengths, thermal radiation cannot pass through

materials, to test which materials provided best protection from the thermal radiation. As shown and reported in the PBS documentary Dark Circle, the pigs

wavelengths where the atmosphere is opaque, or to eliminate noise (thermal radiation from the atmosphere). Optical astronomy is the part of astronomy that

radiometer capable of measuring Earth's reflected sunlight and emitted thermal radiation. RBI was to fly on NOAA-21, but it experienced significant technical

than the Shakura–Sunyaev thin disks. ADAFs emit a power-law, non-thermal radiation, often with a strong Compton component. Blurring of an X-ray source

Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, Fl.: 2005. Siegel, Robert and Howell, John R.: Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer. 3rd Ed. Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia.

Mnatsakanyan, N.L; Harutyunyan, Kh.S; Hayrapetyan, V.S (January 2002). "Thermal-radiation synthesis of zirconium hydridonitrides and carbohydrides" (PDF). Journal

same time allowing the surface to discharge its heat as infrared thermal radiation. Cooling pond Deep lake water cooling Free cooling Full immersion

PMID 17729659. Retrieved October 4, 2006. R. H. Dicke, "The measurement of thermal radiation at microwave frequencies", Rev. Sci. Instrum. 17, 268 (1946). This

Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, Fl.: 2005. Siegel, Robert and Howell, John R.: Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer. 3rd Ed. Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia.

Missile Aerodynamics, Sorrento, Italy. Siegel R and Howell JR (2002) Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer Archived 2023-12-16 at the Wayback Machine Chapter 9:

by a New Cryostat." The Nucleus, pp. 47, 51. H. O. McMahon (1950). Thermal Radiation from Partially Transparent Reflecting Bodies." Journal of the Optical

pressure and cloud ice. MLS looks 90° from the angle of UARS' orbit. Thermal radiation enters the instrument through a three-mirror antenna system. The antenna

non-threatening targets (like bombers), only from behind (so it can lock on the thermal radiation from the target engines) and only with the sun behind or to the side

thermodynamics instead of fundamental interactions Hawking radiation – Thermal radiation believed to be emitted by black holes due to quantum effects List

the sky. Of particular interest are mechanisms for producing non-thermal radiation by the gravitational field of rotating black holes, in the process

upside-down dome which served as a ground shield to minimise interfering thermal radiation from the earth. To avoid human exposure to the −60 °C (−76 °F) temperatures

a well-insulated box with three layers of glass to trap outgoing thermal radiation produced the most heat. The highest temperature he reached was 230 °F

transmits incoming visible sunlight but is opaque to escaping infrared thermal radiation. In resource constrained settings, a high-temperature plastic bag

S2CID 119245876. Ćuk, Matija; Burns, Joseph A. (August 2005). "Effects of thermal radiation on the dynamics of binary NEAs". Icarus. 176 (2): 418–431. Bibcode:2005Icar

2022. Sakho, Ibrahima (2019). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 1: Thermal Radiation and Experimental Facts Regarding the Quantization of Matter. Wiley

that a hole should emit energy with the characteristic spectrum of thermal radiation. The characteristic temperature of this Hawking radiation is given

terms of accelerating the propellant. The rest is lost as heat and thermal radiation, primarily in the exhaust. Reaction engines are more energy efficient

blue flash, the same shades as the roundels, to reflect some of the thermal radiation from a nuclear explosion. The Royal Navy and Army do not use the fin

the solar-plus-thermal and the solar-only channels gave the total thermal radiation emitted. The PPR also measured in five broadband channels that spanned

at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität (FWU), where he researched thermal radiation and electric discharges in gases. During his time there, Westphal

performs nuclear weapons effects testing and evaluation. They simulate thermal radiation from nuclear weapon detonations, provide high-energy pulsed field-emission

wave has formed, and 1.93 ms, before significant energy is lost by thermal radiation). Furthermore, he estimated a value for S numerically at 1. Thus,

Professor". Tien was an expert in thermal science and researched on thermal radiation, thermal insulation, microscale thermal phenomena, fluid flow, phase-change

is evaluated to be 3.6, the value for GaAs. The incident absorbed thermal radiation Jth is given by Jrad with V = 0. (6): J t h = A exp ⁡ ( − E g k T

is evaluated to be 3.6, the value for GaAs. The incident absorbed thermal radiation Jth is given by Jrad with V = 0. (6): J t h = A exp ⁡ ( − E g k T

large number of casualties and people receiving a dangerous dose of thermal radiation. The 2015 event resulted in the traffic chaos, with claims of up to

human fatalities would likely not be from blast effects, not from thermal radiation burns, and not from ionizing radiation, but, rather, from mass starvation"

Low-wattage devices may not employ active cooling, but use only passive thermal radiation and convection to dissipate heat. For rack-mounted computer servers

insensitivity to infrared is an adaptation of the visual system to the thermal radiation of one's own blood, as Czerny showed in 1949. In 1972 he published

from space. Ultraviolet astronomy is best suited to the study of thermal radiation and spectral emission lines from hot blue stars (OB stars) that are

environmental conditions and the desired results. In infrared thermography, thermal radiation is detected and measured with infrared imagers, also known as thermographic

LHDAC experiments is the measurement of temperature from a sample's thermal radiation, which is required to obtain the pressure from the equation of state

state. The basic radiosity method has its basis in the theory of thermal radiation, since radiosity relies on computing the amount of light energy transferred

atomic bomb. The galvanometers he designed were used to measure the thermal radiation produced during the Trinity test in July 1945. He remained with Los

Space Telescope, using its PACS instrument to measure the object's thermal radiation, gave a mean diameter of 249.8+13.5 −13.1 km with a relatively high

shelter until the material burns itself out. BLEVE's produce intense thermal radiation from the fireball. This and blast damage from the bursting pressure

and positive correlation if the light source is a filtered one-mode thermal radiation. The theoretical explanation of the difference between the correlations

light, when black sides become cooler than the white ones due to the thermal radiation. Another incorrect theory was that the heat on the dark side was causing

Radiation must be of a type easily absorbed and transformed into thermal radiation, preferably alpha radiation. Beta radiation can emit considerable

with a windproof blanket. Heat reflective emergency blankets reflect thermal radiation and heating packs, hot water bottles, or electric blankets might be

certified in 2003. It contained a single microbolometer to detect thermal radiation and was made of an exotic compound called Vanadium Oxide tuned to

insulation materials, such as spray foam insulation, are opaque to thermal radiation, like most solid materials. Convective heat transfer Heat which is

ISSN 0008-4204. Landshoff, Rolf K. M.; Magee, John L., eds. (1969). Thermal Radiation Phenomena. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8709-1. ISBN 978-1-4684-8711-4.

large number of casualties and people receiving a dangerous dose of thermal radiation. List of music festivals in the United Kingdom Owen Tonks (19 November

formation. The permanent absence of clouds allows unhindered light and thermal radiation. The stability of the atmosphere above the desert prevents any convective

information paradox and black hole radiation: Do black holes produce thermal radiation, as expected on theoretical grounds? If so—meaning black holes can

and its surroundings, to a fire hazard by reducing the range of thermal radiation with fuzing for subsurface bursts. Professors Altfeld and Cimbala

AR, Bakken GS (August 2003). "Thermoregulation is the pits: use of thermal radiation for retreat site selection by rattlesnakes". J. Exp. Biol. 206 (Pt

magnetic fields. The Sun is an intense radio source. The already strong thermal radiation of the 106 K hot solar corona is superimposed by intense radio bursts

sediment, Muddy Run is also affected by E. coli, nutrient pollution, and thermal radiation. In 2000, the load of sediment in Muddy Run was 526,669 pounds (238

source, range: from about −50 °C to +4000 °C, note: measurement of thermal radiation (instead of thermal conduction, or thermal convection) means: no physical

differing lighting conditions. M. polycephala grows more slowly under thermal radiation than under longer wavelengths (violet, ultraviolet, blue light) where

Yan, Chun-Hua (December 2014). "Photon energy upconversion through thermal radiation with the power efficiency reaching 16%". Nature Communications. 5

is 2015. Streams in its watershed are also impacted by E. coli and thermal radiation. The stream and a number of others in Union County have been described

use of the term 'hemispheric flux'. For example, an investigator of thermal radiation, emitted from the material substance of the atmosphere, received at

also generated by external sources, most importantly the natural thermal radiation of the background surrounding the target of interest. In modern radar

bomb would produce a large blast wave and a powerful pulse of both thermal radiation and ionizing radiation in the form of fast (14.1 MeV) neutrons. The

species), non-reacting, and (unless said otherwise) compressible. Thermal radiation is neglected, and body forces due to gravity are considered (unless

high-energy laser at the inner surface of this hohlraum to create a thermal radiation field. They would then direct the photon beam from the first stage

moisture content of the environment. The ability to sense infrared thermal radiation evolved independently in various families of snakes. Essentially,

science mission, infrared and microwave instruments will measure the thermal radiation emanating from deep within Jupiter's atmosphere. These observations

of rocks and soils from a distance by detecting their patterns of thermal radiation. It was specially tuned to look for minerals formed in water, like

Martin, T.Z.; Barnard, L.; Travis, L.D. (2004). "Mapping of Io's thermal radiation by the Galileo photopolarimeter-radiometer (PPR) instrument". Icarus

is experienced throughout the year on account of quick release of thermal radiation from the sandy soil soon after the dark. Climate is pleasant during

painted with anti-flash white paint, which was intended to reflect the thermal radiation of a nuclear detonation. RB-52C The RB-52C was the designation initially

cockpit by 30% and protect the pilot from the impact of ultraviolet and thermal radiation. The production tolerances are significantly tighter than previous

2022). "Shallow magma convection evidenced by excess degassing and thermal radiation during the dome-forming Sabancaya eruption (2012–2020)". Bulletin

radiative fluxes. The energy and entropy of unpolarized blackbody thermal radiation, is calculated using the spectral energy and entropy radiance expressions

of matter. 1897 – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, based on the thermal radiation rate and the gravitational contraction forces, argues the age of the

Sunshield will protect the OTE from direct sunlight and reduce the thermal radiation hitting it, but another aspect is the OTE's physical connection to

number of different snakes have the ability to sense infrared (IR) thermal radiation, which allows these reptiles to derive thermal images from the radiant

as had been specified. Even without direct impingement, the high thermal radiation emitted by jet flames also affected plant and would have been fatal

large number of casualties and people receiving a dangerous dose of thermal radiation. Ever since the announcement, concerns have been raised about the

S2CID 4119848. Pawsey, J. L. (November 1946). "Observation of Million Degree Thermal Radiation from the Sun at a Wavelength of 1.5 Metres". Nature. 158 (4018): 633–634

rapid directional motion, the object causes stronger blast wave and thermal radiation pulses at the ground surface than would be predicted by a stationary

information paradox, and black hole radiation: Do black holes produce thermal radiation, as expected on theoretical grounds? Does this radiation contain information

Richter, Marten; Chow, Weng W.; Knorr, Andreas (2010). "Antibunching of Thermal Radiation by a Room-Temperature Phonon Bath: A Numerically Solvable Model for

in the infrared part of the spectrum (see Figure 1). Much of this thermal radiation emitted by the land and ocean is absorbed by the atmosphere, including

and modeling of the vulnerability of people to the effect of fires (thermal radiation, smoke inhalation), explosion (blast overpressure, missiles, etc.)

Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant Sakuma–Hattori equation Thermal radiation Fumihiro Sakuma and Susumu Hattori Sawada–Kotera equation Wave mechanics

designed to "calculate 28 different effects, ranging from blast to thermal radiation, initial nuclear radiation, early fallout, crater dimensions, and

Yarkovsky–O'Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack effect. Due to the uneven emission of thermal radiation from its surface as Bennu rotates in sunlight, the rotation period

of Arrokoth's unilluminated face as measured by REX implies that thermal radiation is emitted from Arrokoth's subsurface, which was predicted to be intrinsically

Non-cooperative target recognition systems measure signature using acoustic and thermal radiation, radio emissions, radar techniques, etc. Comparing the measurements

Corporation, 2013. Howell, John R., M. Pinar Menguc, and Robert Siegel. Thermal radiation heat transfer. CRC press, 2010. Modest, Michael F. Radiative heat

(long-wavelength infrared), using an infrared telescope. The amount of thermal radiation given off by an asteroid together with the amount of reflected visible

when their body is warmer than neutral. Large differences in the thermal radiation of the surfaces surrounding a person may cause local discomfort or

firefighters' bodies protected these areas by shielding from the intense thermal radiation, by keeping out hot gases, and absorbing heat. All of these factors

"Slivan states", the discovery has led to a new understanding of thermal radiation forces on small bodies. JPL · 17215 17216 Scottstuart 2000 AK243 Joseph

increased solar radiation to reach the surface during daytime and more thermal radiation from the ground to escape to the top of the atmosphere during night

Wijngaarden, W A; Happer, W (4 June 2020). "Dependence of Earth's Thermal Radiation on Five Most Abundant Greenhouse Gases". arXiv:2006.03098 [physics

Post-Gazette, September 27, 1950, p1 Robert Siegel and John Howell, Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer (Taylor & Francis, 2002) p479 David Williams, Simplified

nitrogen-vacancy center, or super-resolution by Stimulated Emission of Thermal Radiation (SETR), which uses the intrinsic super-linearities of the Black-Body

Fang, J.; Frederich, H.; Pilon, L. (2010). "Harvesting nanoscale thermal radiation using pyroelectric materials". Journal of Heat Transfer. 132 (9):

screen was also installed around the perimeter to block the ground's thermal radiation from reaching the feed antennas. In 1997, a more powerful 2400 MHz

Corporation, 2013. Howell, John R., M. Pinar Menguc, and Robert Siegel. Thermal radiation heat transfer. CRC press, 2010. Modest, Michael F. Radiative heat

simulating dispersion of toxics and particles. It can calculate impacts of thermal radiation from fires, overpressures from mechanical failures and explosions

Finally, the upgraded ITS will give us the chance to characterize the thermal radiation coming from the QGP and the in-medium modification of hadronic spectral

was consistent with, and necessary for, a quantum description of thermal radiation processes. Each photon acts as if it imparts a momentum impulse p

still no experimental evidence of these gases absorbing heat from thermal radiation. The warming effect of sunlight on different gases was examined in

features. 2010jl showed on the one hand infrared excess caused by thermal radiation of the newly formed dust. It also showed blueshift of the emission-lines