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the thickening and hardening of superficial tissues, outgrowths or skin secretions. It is therefore mostly developed in prey species that are too slowVolcano clawed frog (161 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
pastureland, and aquaculture ponds. It is threatened by habitat loss. The skin secretions of the volcano clawed (Xenopus amieti) octoploid frog contain non-toxicBombinin (182 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
toad). Two groups of antimicrobial peptides have been isolated from skin secretions of B. maxima. Peptides in the first group, named maximins 1, 2, 3,Hipposudoric acid (208 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Hipposudoric acid is a red pigment found in the skin secretions of the hippopotamus; although the secretions are often known as "blood sweat" (thus theAmolops ricketti (367 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
for developing novel anti-infection agents can be extracted from the skin secretions of Amolops ricketti. Peter Paul van Dijk, Raoul Bain, Michael Wai NengGreat Basin spadefoot (1,494 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
their tadpoles have numerous predators, adults are able to produce skin secretions that deter enemies. The Great Basin spadefoot ranges from 3.8 to 6Pithecopus oreades (232 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
within the streams. Threats to this species are unknown. P. oreades skin secretions research has suggested therapeutic value, especially as an anti-TrypanosomaAustralian green tree frog (3,415 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
green tree frog is a popular exotic pet throughout the world. The skin secretions of the frog have antibacterial and antiviral properties that may proveKambo (drug) (3,748 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
vacina-do-sapo, or sapo (from Portuguese: sapo, lit. 'toad'), is the dried skin secretions of the giant leaf frog (known as the kambô in Portuguese), a speciesOdorrana grahami (333 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
reaching 76 mm (3.0 in) and females 92 mm (3.6 in) in length. The skin secretions of Odorrana grahami have been subject to biochemical studies, yieldingFire salamander (3,475 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
vertebrates. Through an analysis of the European fire salamander’s skin secretions, scientists have determined that another alkaloid, such as samandaroneBlue-bellied poison frog (632 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Neotropics, diminutive animals that possess aposematic coloration and toxic skin secretions. Taxonomic problems among these frogs are often caused by color polymorphismsBanded bullfrog (2,956 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
et al. (2013). "Characteristics of hemolytic activity induced by skin secretions of the frog Kaloula pulchra hainana". Journal of Venomous Animals andPickerel frog (2,294 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
attack, pickerel frogs have an excellent defense mechanism: they emit skin secretions which are irritating to people and toxic to some predators; makingMagainin (399 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Conlon JM, Mechkarska M, King JD (May 2012). "Host-defense peptides in skin secretions of African clawed frogs (Xenopodinae, Pipidae)". General and ComparativeFoothill yellow-legged frog (2,289 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
of the brevinin-1 family with potent candidacidal activity from the skin secretions of the frog Rana boylii". The Journal of Peptide Research. 62 (5):Ranoidea (1,035 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
this can prevent a typical amplexus. To solve this, the males have skin secretions that will help in 'gluing' the male to the female's back. BrevicipitidaeRhaebo (358 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
prominent and notched exoccipital condyles, and yellowish-orange skin secretions. It is not clear which of these characters are ancestral and whichPleurocidin (216 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
and characterization of pleurocidin, an antimicrobial peptide in the skin secretions of winter flounder". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (18): 12008–13. doi:10.1074/jbcEsculentin-2CHa (1,493 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
potent antibacterial and antifungal activity that can be found in the skin secretions from many species of Anura (frogs and toads). These kind of secretionsHeterodon (962 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
snakes live chiefly on toads and can neutralize that animal’s poisonous skin secretions physiologically. Hognose snakes are frequently found in the exoticOdorrana graminea (2,854 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
S2CID 251399937. Clarke, B. T. (2007-01-11). "The Natural History of Amphibian Skin Secretions, Their Normal Functioning and Potential Medical Applications". BiologicalPseudin (572 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
diversity and species distribution of host-defense peptides in frog skin secretions". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 68 (13): 2303–2315. doi:10Bouchia clawed frog (159 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Takada K, Conlon JM (November 22, 2011). "Host-defense peptides from skin secretions of the tetraploid frogs Xenopus petersii and Xenopus pygmaeus, andLehmann's poison frog (2,178 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
are fed lacks the precursors needed to produce the poison. The toxic skin secretions of Oophaga lehmanni are also being studied for medicinal purposes.Agalychnis lemur (2,253 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
not represent what actually happens in living organisms. By taking skin secretions of lemur leaf frogs, scientists tested to conclude that the skin peptidesBeaver beetle (537 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
adult beetles and larvae feed on epidermal tissue, and also perhaps on skin secretions and liquids oozing from wounds. It is possible that the larvae mayIncilius chompipe (223 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
roughened with numerous distinctly raised, rounded or pointed tubercles. Skin secretions of Incilius chompipe can inflict notable irritation to human eyes.Banded rubber frog (294 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
November 2021. Jaeger, Robert G. (1971-03-08). "Toxic Reaction to Skin Secretions of the Frog, Phrynomerus bifasciatus". Copeia. 1971 (1): 160–161. doi:10Gastrophryne olivacea (373 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
with black blotching. Their undersides are lighter colored. Their skin secretions can cause severe, burning pain if they get into eyes. This toad isCorythomantis greeningi (964 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
via headbutting, a tactic it shares with Aparasphenodon brunoi. The skin secretions contain a number of low-molecular mass steroids and alkaloids. In theKiamichi slimy salamander (314 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Its skin creates secretions that are noxious, and it forms adhesive skin secretions when touched. The Kiamichi slimy salamander is found in the KiamichiLimnonectes limborgi (374 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
are free-living but non-feeding. Male frogs attend the nest; their skin secretions might inhibit fungal or bacterial infections. This contrast to theArenobufagin (1,536 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
have a simulative effect upon the heart. It is derived from the dried skin secretions of giant toads. In a 2013 study, it was shown that arenobufagin inhibitsTailed frog (1,354 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
2004). "The ascaphins: a family of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the most primitive extant frog, Ascaphus truei". Biochemical andNorthern leopard frog (1,761 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
raccoons, other frogs, and even humans. They do not produce distasteful skin secretions and rely on speed to evade predation. They eat a wide variety of animalsPolypedates maculatus (774 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
short and rapid series of rattling rat-tats. They wipe themselves with skin secretions consisting of mucus and lipids that help in reducing moisture lossCentrolene savagei (626 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
green. The species has a number of defenses such as foul-smelling skin secretions and a variety of defensive postures and behaviors. Adult male CentroleneGoldenstriped soapfish (595 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Grammistinae, this species produces a toxin from the skin. The toxins in the skin secretions are known as grammistins. These secretions resemble lathered soap andHamilton Morris (909 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
of dissociative anesthetics. The Sapo Diary: Phyllomedusa bicolor skin secretions in Amazonia Nzambi: Wade Davis's theory of TTX-mediated zombificationN-Methylserotonin (394 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
(2002). "Characterization and determination of indole alkaloids in frog-skin secretions by electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry". Rapid CommunicationsMichael Zasloff (719 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
JM; Mechkarska, M; King, JD (1 May 2012). "Host-defense peptides in skin secretions of African clawed frogs (Xenopodinae, Pipidae)". General and ComparativeVeined tree frog (314 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
net/publication/269179448_Symptoms_and_Treatment_of_Acute_Conjunctivitis_Caused_by_Skin_Secretions_of_Veined_Tree_Frog_Trachycephalus_Venulosus Wilderness & environmentalDendropsophus ebraccatus (4,696 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
threat to public health worldwide, scientists are looking to frogs skin secretions for further drug advancements. Wikimedia Commons has media relatedAcaté Amazon Conservation (436 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
bicolor used ceremonially by the Matsés people in Peruvian Amazon. The skin secretions of the Acaté frog have been shown to contain powerful antimicrobialSmoky jungle frog (772 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
logs, or hidden in leaf litter. Defensive mechanisms include noxious skin secretions and posturing by inflating the lungs and elevating the body on allBleeding toad (710 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
the common name "bleeding toad" due to the red back markings and the skin secretions they produce when stressed. Bleeding toads are endemic to western JavaSpea hammondii (1,224 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
elevated substrate moisture levels. It is easily handled, with less skin secretions than similar toad species. Their secretions smell like peanut butterGobiodon histrio (402 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Caley, M. J.; Jones, G. P.; Llewellyn, L. E. (2003). "The Toxicity of Skin Secretions from Coral-Dwelling Gobies and their Potential Role as a Predator Deterrent"Golden poison frog (2,154 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
name terribilis is a reference to the deadly toxins present in the skin secretions of this species. Myers' research was based on hundreds of specimensNotophthalmus meridionalis (1,230 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
glands. This coloration is called aposematic coloration. Their toxic skin secretions are used to deter predators. When disturbed, this species exhibitsSalamander (11,128 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
predator learns to avoid that species of salamander in the future. Skin secretions of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) fed to rats have beenNewt (3,836 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
crested newt (Triturus cristatus) Many newts produce toxins in their skin secretions as a defence mechanism against predators. Taricha newts of westernSea snake (3,936 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
limited importance for finding mates. Shine experimented with applying skin secretions (pheromones) to snake-like objects to see if male turtle-headed seaPolka-dot tree frog (719 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
The discovery was made accidentally when the researchers checked the skin secretions of the frog under UV light. They expected only a faint red fluorescenceNorthern slimy salamander (1,120 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
their name suggests, slimy salamanders produce significant amounts of skin secretions that are highly adhesive. These adhesives bind to predators and canStrongyloides stercoralis (3,056 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
carbon dioxide, and sodium chloride. Urocanic acid, a component of skin secretions in mammals, is a major chemoattractant. Larvae of S. stercoralis areLeptodactylus labyrinthicus (817 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
The antimicrobial peptide pentadactylin has been isolated from the skin secretions of L. labyrinthicus and studied as a potential agent for use in chemotherapySkin (4,279 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Dictionary. Clarke, B. T. (August 1997). "The natural history of amphibian skin secretions, their normal functioning and potential medical applications". BiologicalSouthern leopard frog (1,939 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
"Peptides of antimicrobial activity of the brevinin-1family isolated from skin secretions of the southern leopard frog, Rana sphenocephala". The Journal of PeptideCope's gray treefrog (1,882 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
lose the greenish color and move towards the distinct gray color. Skin secretions from this species may be irritating or toxic to mouth, eyes, otherBolitoglossa (1,088 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Jr.; Ducey, Peter K.; Baness, Elizabeth A. (1991). "Antipredator skin secretions of some tropical salamanders (Bolitoglossa) are toxic to snake predators"White-spotted slimy salamander (561 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Woodly, Sarah; Largen, William (2008). "Cutaneous Tail Glands, Noxious Skin Secretions, and Scent Marking in a Terrestrial Salamander (Plethodon shermani)"Veracruz moist forests (2,187 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
(Trachycephalus typhonius) is a large species that produces sticky, mucous, skin secretions, presumed to deter desiccation in the dry season, as well as beingLong-toed salamander (7,105 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
proteins serve a secondary function as part of a mixture or concoction of skin secretions that is used for defense. When threatened, the long-toed salamanderKin recognition (3,368 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Egernia striolata also use some form of scent, most likely through skin secretions. However, Black Rock Skinks discriminate based on familiarity ratherElectric eel (5,696 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
this means that the species is resistant to the caecilian's toxic skin secretions. E. voltai sometimes hunts in packs; and have been observed targetingTree-crevice skink (3,257 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
discriminate between skin secretions deposited onto paper even better than scat, so there is evidence pointing towards skin secretions being the primaryDabbs Greer (1,206 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Greer played a character addicted to a "high" produced by licking the skin secretions of psychoactive toads. In the 1997 film Con Air, Greer appeared asRakali (2,653 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
an initial 100 animals to as many as 100 million. Their poisonous skin secretions (which the eggs and tadpoles contain as well) can kill a dog or catCaecilian (5,434 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
skin contains glands that secrete a toxin to deter predators. The skin secretions of Siphonops paulensis have been shown to have hemolytic propertiesLithodytes (3,124 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
captured by predators and in distress. They also emit foamy, viscous skin secretions that have a strong bitter smell under stressful conditions. ResearchersAmolops torrentis (2,461 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Functional Analysis of Novel Bradykinin-Related Peptides (BRPs) from Skin Secretions of Five Asian Frogs". The Protein Journal. 37 (4): 324–332. doi:10Common raccoon dog (5,960 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Ukraine. Common raccoon dogs are able to eat toads that have toxic skin secretions by producing copious amounts of saliva to dilute the toxins. They preySpeleomantes strinatii (2,061 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
kilometers away. There are some current hypotheses that S. strinatii's skin secretions may act as protection against this fungus. The secretions have beenSexual selection in birds (5,517 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
are produced by the bird itself such as uropygial gland secretions, skin secretions, and powder. The second kind are substances that the bird acquiresPhyllomedusa trinitatis (2,085 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
December 2018). "Peptidomic analysis of the host-defense peptides in skin secretions of the Trinidadian leaf frog Phyllomedusa trinitatis (Phyllomedusidae)"List of amphibians of Bulgaria (2,269 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
in North Africa and North America. Most species have slightly toxic skin secretions and many develop dorsal body and tail fins when they return to an aquaticMississippi gopher frog (3,015 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Chris (2006). "Histamine-releasing and antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the Dusky Gopher frog, Rana sevosa ". Peptides. 27 (6): 1313–1319Microbiota (7,825 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
reproductive stages: oestrus, birth/oestrus, and post-oestrus. Some pouch and skin secretions have had antimicrobial peptides identified, that presumably supportList of amphibians of Poland (1,770 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
in North Africa and North America. Most species have slightly toxic skin secretions and many develop dorsal body and tail fins when they return to an aquaticVitamin D (17,726 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Since vitamin D can be extracted from UV-exposed human sweat and skin secretions (Bicknell and Prescott, 1946), it is also reasonable to think thatBeetle (16,862 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
larva and as an adult, feeding on epidermal tissue and possibly on skin secretions and wound exudates. They are strikingly flattened dorsoventrally, noFrog (19,686 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
has been used in modern times as a recreational drug. Typically, the skin secretions are dried and then smoked. Illicit drug use by licking the skin ofGreat grey shrike (7,019 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
it over the head – to avoid contamination of the meat by the toxic skin secretions. Large bones and similar inedible parts of prey animals are usuallySlow loris (10,578 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
parents, leaving them unable to remove their own urine, feces, and oily skin secretions from their fur. Slow lorises have a special network of blood vesselsConservation of slow lorises (7,418 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
parents, leaving them unable to remove their own urine, feces, and oily skin secretions from their fur. Slow lorises have a special network of blood vesselsList of common misconceptions (55,054 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
hippopotamus does not produce pink milk, nor does it sweat blood. The skin secretions of the hippopotamus are red due to the presence of hipposudoric acid