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is no longer found in the wild as they have been modified through selective breeding, rendering most flightless and without defense against predators.

have crest feathers. These structures are known to have two origins: selective breeding or mutations. Crest feathers in domestic birds include a wide range

Apis mellifera ligustica is the Italian bee or the Italian Honey bee which is a subspecies of the western honey bee (Apis mellifera). The Italian honey

common in mice, rabbits, dogs, sheep, deer, cattle and horses—where selective breeding has increased the incidence of the mutation—but occurs among chimpanzees

for selective breeding of crops in ways which benefit agriculture. In the case of alfalfa, the cell wall was improved through selective breeding that

dependent on humans for reproduction, as a result of millennia of selective breeding. Wild silk moths are different (having not been selectively bred)

Pelvicachromis pulcher is a freshwater fish of the cichlid family, endemic to Nigeria and Cameroon. It is popular amongst aquarium hobbyists, and is most

breeder Ernest Tyssandier d'Escous set about to better the breed by selective breeding. Originally bred for work, this dual-purpose breed was especially

them and, again, they became very popular. Many breeds arose through selective breeding, and they are still very popular today for their voices. From the

used as lamp oil; native Mexicans in the Veracruz area developed by selective breeding a Jatropha curcas variant lacking the toxic compounds, yielding a

(Haematopus longirostris) being particularly fond of them.[citation needed] Selective breeding of farmed rock oysters has successfully bred for disease resistance

University of Leuven (1817-1830). Van Mons carried out the first recorded selective breeding of the European Pear through cycles of seed propagation. “I have found

The Greater Swiss Mountain Dog (German: Grosser Schweizer Sennenhund or French: Grand Bouvier Suisse) is a dog breed which was developed in the Swiss Alps

mechanization decreased the need for draft horses. In the 1970s, selective breeding goals were changed to produce a horse suitable for meat production

main places where Aylesbury ducks were bred. In the 18th century selective breeding of white common ducks led to a white domestic duck, generally known

their nutritional value. This can be done either through conventional selective breeding, or through genetic engineering. Biofortification differs from ordinary

traits, movement and temperament that were developed over decades of selective breeding. For each breed they recognize, kennel clubs and breed registries

goat is a dairy breed from the Czech Republic. It is the result of selective breeding of native Czech landrace goats crossed with Swiss Saanen goats. White

achieved using cultivars, made through processes of propagation and selective breeding, and can make populations susceptible to disease. Agroecological practices

Improved Fawn goat breed. The Thuringian goat breed is derived from the selective-breeding of crosses between Toggenburg, Harzerziege, Rhönziege, and Thüringer

moorland sheep that were both grey and white, horned and polled. By selective breeding during the 20th century the breeds seen today were created and their

castration to control boar taint, relying on other methods such as selective breeding, diet, and pasturing males away from females. They raised sheep and

for greater aptitude at certain intelligence tests, but that this selective breeding does not increase the general intelligence of the animals. Tryon was

polyunsaturated fat, and oleic acid, a monounsaturated fat. Through selective breeding and manufacturing processes, oils of differing proportions of the

(together, ~1%). Many varieties of cotton have been developed by selective breeding and hybridization of these species. Experiments are ongoing to cross-breed

for white feathers as a filler for quilts. Over the 19th century selective breeding for size, shape and colour led to the Aylesbury duck. Duck rearing

Japan. Historically, the Japanese have developed many cultivars by selective breeding of cherry trees, which are produced by the complicated crossing of

letter Meisenberg sent to Nature as advocating for the future use of selective breeding or genetic engineering if group genetic differences in intelligence

China is used for the production of milk. It is derived from the selective breeding of local goats crossed with Saanen goats first introduced to the area

conservation centre "recreated" the Cumberland pig based on DNA analysis and selective breeding; farmers who had worked with the last surviving originals agreed that

deer in the world. Seneca White Deer were created through years of selective breeding within the depot to create an environment where they can flourish

who died on February 11, 2006. Rau was known for efforts to use selective-breeding to recreate the extinct quagga, a close relative of the plains zebra

who died on February 11, 2006. Rau was known for efforts to use selective-breeding to recreate the extinct quagga, a close relative of the plains zebra

strategies, and the enhancement of local capacity in the areas of selective breeding and genetics. The development and dissemination of a high yielding

Cannibalism in poultry is the act of one individual of a poultry species consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food. It commonly

cultivation was made in New Zealand in the 1980s, though an overall lack of selective breeding, the unpredictability of fruit flavor (usually very sweet, but sometimes

caudal (backward) movement of the femur relative to the tibia. Due to selective breeding, the tibial plateau slope has become sloped too far backwards so there

originated on the ranches of South Africa through various forms of selective breeding. Ostrich leather is distinct in its appearance and is characterized

dependent on humans for reproduction, as a result of millennia of selective breeding. Wild silk moths, which are other species of Bombyx, are not as commercially

new eugenics are: pre-implantation diagnosis and embryo selection, selective breeding, and human embryo engineering and gene therapy. New eugenics was founded

require adaptive behaviors, contributing to cognitive development. Selective breeding and genetic changes have further influenced their intelligence. Kittens

reproduce rapidly, and can serve as a vector for several human diseases. Selective breeding of the brown rat has produced the fancy rat (rats kept as pets), as

Exercise physiology is the physiology of physical exercise. It is one of the allied health professions, and involves the study of the acute responses and

selectively bred for its lower protein content. Due to the process of selective breeding T. compactum has fewer HMW-glutenin genes than other species of wheat

problem. Cerebellar abiotrophy cannot be prevented, other than by selective breeding to avoid the gene, and it cannot be cured. Genetic testing can detect

volume of intensively sea-farmed species, such as salmon and tuna. Selective breeding programs for the common carp include improvement in growth, shape

Russian advocates of the breed slightly altered the breed by way of selective breeding and renamed the dogs on their side of the border the Karelo-Finnish

Selective breeding enlarged desired traits of the wild mustard plant (Brassica oleracea) over hundreds of years, resulting in dozens of today's agricultural

domesticated themselves by a process of self-selection similar to the selective breeding of foxes described by Dmitry Belyayev, a theory first proposed by

years ago, and they have been used by humans ever since. Through selective breeding, some breeds of horses have been bred to be quite docile, particularly

Kaldanes are also imbued with conscious race memory, obtained through selective breeding. They are carnivorous, and sometimes feed upon the Rykors. Ghek had

Feather pecking is a behavioural problem that occurs most frequently amongst domestic hens reared for egg production, although it does occur in other poultry

small portion of Holstein cattle. The Holstein breed can go through selective breeding to produce polled calves. Polled is a natural trait for Holsteins

Given and Dr. Greg Hunt at Purdue University started a hierarchical selective breeding program in 1997–present for increased mite-biting and grooming behavior

assume the solid red colouring of today's Irish Setter came about by selective breeding practices. Further reference to setters in early literature can be

native peoples about 9,000 years ago. They used many generations of selective breeding to transform a wild teosinte grass with small grains into the rich

that have been intentionally altered by humans by means including selective breeding or genetic engineering Children's Museum of Pittsburgh Allegheny Center

adjective prevojski referring to the Slovenian settlement Prevoje, where selective breeding was once performed. This name was given to quality layer hens, that

skin outgrowths around the nostrils of pompoms are developed through selective breeding. Pompoms may have either metallic or nacreous scalation, and can occur

rediscovered extant populations or are attempting to revive species through selective breeding/cloning. Lost Animals of the 20th Century on Internet Archive

fruit's genome was sequenced as part of research on disease control and selective breeding in apple production. The word apple, whose Old English ancestor is

University Press. [ISBN missing] Daar, Judith (2017). The New Eugenics: Selective Breeding in an Era of Reproductive Technologies. Yale University Press.

fraudulent enterprises. According to company literature, through selective breeding the company achieved Ashera cats with significantly reduced levels

explanations: that a “peer-to-peer” network of coca farmers used selective breeding to enhance this trait through tireless effort, or the plant was genetically

called Berad (not - crying) using these hounds for hunting. Using selective breeding, he was able to restore the royal Mudhol hound. On a visit to England

an increase in the prevalence of immune-mediated diseases. Due to selective breeding some breeds have become restricted in their DLA genes, with a limited

cope with their new life and climate. Early in the 20th century, a selective breeding program was established to develop the best qualities of these cats

years. It has been cultivated and developed throughout history by selective breeding into the modern melon we have today. A sprite melon has a round shape

protection, a legal principle protecting plant varieties developed by selective breeding P v P, a New Zealand court case regarding promissory estoppel Palos

maintain normal position in the water. This is attributed to the selective breeding process of fancy goldfish to achieve particular body forms, such as

estimated to be from natives of Mesoamerica around 6,000 years ago using selective breeding to domesticate wild forms of the peppers. Through research scientists

breed was allowed to develop through natural selection, rather than selective breeding, Aegean cats are free from most feline genetic diseases. "Cat breeds:

fertile, as is the case with the mule. Sterility can also be caused by selective breeding, where a selected trait is closely linked to genes involved in sex

now extinct wild dog, producing the first of the breed. Since 1957, selective breeding from their single litters produced today's breed. This is an intelligent

suggested that the Ulster White was either the direct product of selective breeding of the Old Irish or of early 19th century crosses between it and the

purposes including fishing, fish ranching, and genetic analysis and/or selective breeding of the fish to yield larger fish and therefore a better food source

the Essex may have originated in the county of the same name from selective breeding of local wild pigs.[citation needed] It was originally a smallish

terrain conditions. It was at the beginning of the 20th century that selective breeding began for longer legged spaniels; specifically importing Springer

noticed local tribal people using these hounds for hunting. Using selective breeding, he was able to create the Royal Mudhol Hound. On a visit to England

Charles and Robert, started to improve the Durham cattle using the selective breeding techniques that Robert Bakewell had used successfully on Longhorn

for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. HortaPharm B.V. has used selective breeding and production for research of cannabis strains, with a focus on the

cool in extreme heat. The hump may have been exaggerated in size by selective breeding since domestication. The eland, the largest of the antelope family

infused food products. Induced parthenocarpy in pistilate flowers, and selective breeding are used to produce either higher or lower yields of tetrahydrocannabinol

was highly organised. There was considerable movement of animals, selective breeding, and centralisation of wool sales. The cloth industry also grew, playing

years in captivity, and the current world record is 18 years. Through selective breeding, many different versions of the central bearded dragon have been developed

Langshan was used in the creation of the German Langshan. Through selective breeding, this resulted in a brown-tinted fowl, distinctly different from other

maintains a tight monopoly on melange and space travel. Through his own selective breeding program among the descendants of his twin sister Ghanima, Leto finally

Smålandsstövare came in a variety of colors, sizes and lengths of tail with selective breeding not being put into practice until the 19th century. At the first dog

The Ranch Rickie Lee TV film 2004 Strong Medicine Anna Episode: "Selective Breeding" 2007 American Dragon: Jake Long Marnie Lockjelly (voice) Episode:

breeders have not subjected Jacobs to extensive cross-breeding or selective breeding, other than for fleece characteristics. Like other unimproved breeds

parental species anew, without the opportunity for improvement through selective breeding. Likewise, the necessity of repeated purchase of new animals from

lines, for instance while an all-white cocker is usually bred by selective breeding of very light golden strains, they can still appear very uncommonly

tendency of outbred strains to exceed both inbred parents in fitness. Selective breeding of plants and animals, including hybridization, began long before

milk production was also tried, but was soon abandoned in favour of selective breeding within the existing breed. The Delle Langhe breed is one of the seventeen

larger and usually displays a richer, more opaque coloration, however selective breeding can produce males with similar quality of coloration. On the upper

with the Karachay horse according to plan. In line with this, the selective breeding of Karachay horses ensued. The Riding State Stud farm was created

noticed local tribal people using these hounds for hunting. Using selective breeding, he was able to restore the royal Mudhol hound. On a visit to England

United States Department of Agriculture. Starting in 1947, 12 years of selective breeding and testing included 258 sires and 840 dams - all highly selected

hama-tou, had upturned eyes and very small, bladder-like sacs. Through selective breeding, the bubble eye is currently available with either a long or more

Trivedi AP, Schwartz NE, Garland T (February 2022). "Effects of selective breeding for voluntary exercise, chronic exercise, and their interaction on

is a color mutation of the regular rainbow and was developed using selective breeding at the Petersburg hatchery.") City of Weirton Homepage Iron and Steel

methods have not significantly changed since ancient times. Through selective breeding of the Papaver somniferum plant, the content of the phenanthrene alkaloids

square, injuring some and actually killing a small boy. Because of selective breeding, polycerate sheep are increasingly rare in the British Isles and Spain

years ago, and they spread throughout the continent evolving through selective breeding into the regional breeds with certain physical characteristics to

same pattern was found in one of his rams. After many attempts and selective breeding of the two sheep, a consistent badger-faced color pattern was found

with the Old, in with the New" 2004 Strong Medicine Victor Episode: "Selective Breeding" 2005 Strong Medicine Zack Episode: "First Response" CSI: Miami Mitch

nationalism that was mixed with a desire to see what could be done with selective breeding. Even as nationalism and an interest in genetic engineering were rising

Hambletonian 10. When the sport started to gain popularity, more selective breeding was done to produce the faster harness trotter. The first national

generally friendly and can be taught to perform selected behaviors. Selective breeding has brought about different color and marking varieties in rats. Genetic

prowess and social status to all around them. Through a process of selective breeding, mankind is perfecting the perfectly average human being. What is

high forehead, short muzzle and relatively large eyes. Although selective breeding for such traits can have detrimental effects on tear ducts, dentition

from around the breech (buttocks) of a sheep. Through centuries of selective breeding, most recently through artificial insemination, domestic sheep have

with a genetic mutation whose monstrous appearance is the product of selective breeding by the coven. Constance is met by Bradley Gavin, the Exmouth deputy

issues and too large wen growth that can cover gills and eyes due to selective breeding and inbreeding. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ranchū. Goldfish

in the fighting pit. Life expectancy is typically 10 to 12 years. Selective breeding for the show ring has softened the Ca de Bou's temperament, and they

responds to cultivation by producing larger tubers. With careful selective breeding, it is probably possible to produce a much more productive plant.

tribesmen in the northern Caucasus, and is the product of centuries of selective breeding for the ability to survive in harsh conditions.[citation needed] The

need for pinioning. Keeping birds who through natural adaptation or selective breeding have lost the ability to fly removes the need for pinioning; for example

mountain type ("di monte") and a lowland type ("gentile di pianura"). Selective breeding towards the modern type began in about 1850, and the resulting stock

plague, surviving for longer than others. Researchers are hopeful that selective breeding programs could create new lineages of noble crayfish that are more

the depictions and preserved specimens of the quagga. This type of selective breeding is called breeding back. The practice is controversial, since the

and Wankhmen resemble their alien patrons to some degree, due to selective breeding, surgery and the desire of the humans to emulate their respective

This reduced genetic variability reflects the strict management of selective breeding practices for the Salish wool dog over time, aimed at preventing hybridization

protect the green photosynthetic tissues from sunburn and through selective breeding and hybridization, thousands of cultivars in many color combinations

Forlì-Cesena and Bologna in Emilia-Romagna. In the mid-twentieth century, selective breeding by the Stazione Sperimentale di Pollicoltura – or experimental chicken