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Serfdom in Russia (6,064 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

The term serf (Russian: крепостной крестьянин, romanized: krepostnoy krest'yanin, lit. 'bonded peasant'), in the sense of an unfree peasant of tsarist

Serfs' Emancipation Day, observed annually on 28 March, is a holiday in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China that celebrates the emancipation of serfs

Monique Andrée Serf (9 June 1930 – 24 November 1997), known as Barbara, was a French singer. She took her stage name from her grandmother, Varvara Brodsky

A colonial mentality is the internalized attitude of ethnic or cultural inferiority felt by people as a result of colonization, i.e. them being colonized

periods reached half of the agricultural population. In contrast to private serfs, state peasants were considered personally free, although their freedom

Fitz, and directed "Many Happy Returns" and "A Change of Mind" as Joseph Serf. He also wrote "Once Upon A Time" and "Fall Out" using his own name. "MGM

Saint Serf or Serbán (Servanus) (c. 500 – c. 583) is a saint of Scotland. Serf was venerated in western Fife. He is called the apostle of Orkney, with

A villein is a class of serf tied to the land under the feudal system. As part of the contract with the lord of the manor, they were expected to spend

earlier that year. A woman who works as a cleaner at Serf Systems watches the commercial for the new SerfBoard. She suddenly hears an odd noise coming from

A kholop (Russian: холо́п, IPA: [xɐˈlop]) was a type of feudal serf (dependent population) in Kievan Rus' in the 9th and early 12th centuries. Their legal

underlying event, membership, and failure-detection mechanisms are provided by Serf, an open-source library also published by HashiCorp. Vault (first released

The name of the village comes from the Gaelic dail, meaning "field", and Serf, the name of a 6th-century saint who dwelt here. Of old, it was also known

title in May, but in North America, it was published in December by SSI as Serf City: Life is Feudal. In 2018, the game was re-released for Microsoft Windows

May] 1857) was a Russian Romantic painter. Much of his life was spent as a serf, not attaining freedom until he was more than forty years old. Three of his

village centres around the 12th–13th century former parish church of St. Serf, where the Dupplin Cross is displayed (Historic Scotland; open in summer

A thrall was a slave or serf in Scandinavian lands during the Viking Age. The status of slave (þræll, þēow) contrasts with that of the freeman (karl, ceorl)

the serf–lord relationship there by abolishing the use of fines and corporal punishment imposed upon serfs, and abolishing lords' control over serfs' marriage

A castle warrior or castle serf (Hungarian: várjobbágy, Latin: iobagio castri) was a landholder obliged to provide military services to the ispán or head

Emperor Alexander II issued The Emancipation of the serfs in 1861. Emancipation of state-owned serfs occurred in 1866. The Russian term krepostnoi krestyanin

1862. According to Tolstoy's translator, Aylmer Maude, it is the story of a serf who loses some money that belongs to his mistress before hanging himself

Serphin R. Maltese (born December 7, 1932) is an American attorney and retired politician from the state of New York. A onetime chairman of the Conservative

Russian actor and producer. His best known films are box office hits Serf, Serf 2, The Challenge and South Wind. Biković initially gained recognition

city on the Firth of Forth and is believed to have been founded by Saint Serf during the 6th century. The civil parish had a population of 4,348 in 2011

it. While investigating the Serf board computer in The Man Who Never Was, Sky accompanies Sarah Jane and Luke to the Serf factory for a practice press

Serf, also known as Son of a Rich (Russian: Холоп, romanized: Kholop) is a 2019 Russian comedy film directed by Klim Shipenko. The plot follows a wealthy

Camille Cerf (French pronunciation: [kamij sɛʁf]; born 9 December 1994) is a French model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss France 2015

Ковалёва, Шереметева) (July 20, 1768 – February 23, 1803) was a Russian serf actress and soprano opera singer. Praskovia was one of the best opera singers

games based on internal intellectual properties, including Island Paradise, Serf Wars, and Ranch Town. In October 2011, 26 workers were laid off. At the end

George Dawe and his Russian assistants Alexander Polyakov (1801–1835), a serf, and Wilhelm August Golicke. The top-lit, barrel-vaulted hall in which the

Peter theatre (theatre Medox) to teach serf actors. In the beginning of 1790 Sheremetev decided to transfer the serf theatre from Kuskovo to Ostankino. On

owning serfs. The law code conceded many demands that were raised in the preceding decades, it satisfied the nobility's demand to retrieve runaway serfs without

Tibet inevitably leads to difficulties with defining terms. Not only may serf and feudalism be Western terms inappropriate for Asian use but the geography

that is, a man who was not a serf. In the feudal system under which people were tied to land which they did not own, serfs were in bondage to a member

Thomas Sydserf(f), or St. Serf, (1581 – 1663) was a Scottish minister of the Church of Scotland who served as Protestant Bishop first of Brechin, then

Russian Serf Theatre refers to theatrical productions performed by serfs for their owners. Russian serf theaters dates back from the early to mid eighteenth

circumscribes each frame. The first three books in the series follow Proton serf Stile as he enters Phaze and becomes an important political force there.

The Wings of a Serf also known as Ivan the Terrible (Russian: Крылья холопа, romanized: Krylya kholopa) is a 1926 Soviet silent historical drama film directed

descended from post-war Russian, Chinese and Mongol invaders rules over a serf class descended from US citizens The Domain of Skyholm, a class-based European

acres = 1 shareland 3 sharelands held by serfs = 1 serf-town 4 sharelands held in freehold = 1 free town 7 serf-towns (taeogtref) = 1 lowland manor (Med

yet taken by Russia. She was captured with her brother, Ivan, and sold as serfs to Prince Nikifor Kondrat'evich Viazemskii, former tutor of Alexei Petrovich

previously exiled from the family estate due to his arranging the escape of his serf-born daughter to America. Eric's bravery in the earlier Draken conquest of

there was one hide of land and land for 6 ploughs. There were 2 ploughs, 1 serf, 1 villein, 3 smallholders, 10 acres of woodland, 40 acres of pasture, 10

The horse was named after a small village in Devon. He was sired by St Serf who won the Rous Memorial Stakes and went on to sire several other good horses

nine landlords, most of whom were owned by András Csomaközy (15 serfs). A total of 72 serf families lived throughout the village. It was owned by the descendants

yet taken by Russia. She was captured with her brother, Ivan, and sold as serfs to Prince Nikifor Kondrat'evich Viazemskii, former tutor of Alexei Petrovich

the provinces where most serfs lived. This is why some serfs were able to do things such as to accumulate wealth. To become serfs, people conceded their

monarch), seigneur, or any secular or clerical who owned qma, i.e., "slave" or "serf". The word sometimes appears as a part of the royal and nobiliary titulature

many stories about freed serfs, in which she focused more on the domestic life that was possible for members of the freed serf class. These stories often

Anthony Skene and directed by Patrick McGoohan (using the pseudonym Joseph Serf). The thirteenth episode produced, it was the seventh episode to be broadcast

obligations in 1806, only 15 years after the French Revolution, peasant and serf emancipation thus representing a major social break with the past. The rule

was described as a "delicate and highly-strung" filly. She was sired by St Serf who won the Rous Memorial Stakes and went on to sire several other good horses

ballerina. She was the first native ballerina in Poland. Marianna Malińska was a serf of count Antoni Tyzenhauz on his estate in Grodno and Postawy, and placed

serf of General Bibikov. He was a student of Giuseppe Sarti in Bessarabia in 1788. In 1790, he performed two of his own works in Moscow with a serf orchestra;

mentioned between 1294 and 1295 as Latheym, and means "settlement of Laeta (lit: serf)". Lathum developed near the Castle Bahr en Lathum. The castle was first

batoni, "master", and qmoba), which may best be rendered as "proprietor-serf relationship". The code of Vakhtang survived under the Russian rule into

tilling the land, and establishing vineyards. The village attracted 35 serfs and 22 leaseholders who arrived from the Eszterházy estate in Tata and the

drama, opera and ballet at the Swedish royal court. unknown - Afrosinya, serf mistress of Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia (died 1748) 24 July - Axel

or 789. He was an illegitimate son of Alfonso I, supposedly by a Moorish serf. He usurped the throne on the death of Silo, the husband of his half sister

Afanasy Grigoriev (1782–1868), Russian serf and Neoclassical architect. Afrosinya (1699/1700–1748), Russian serf, possibly a Finnish captive, enslaved

Siberian artel members, or self-employed workers drawn largely from the state serf and townsman class who engaged in the Siberian, maritime, and later fur trades

released a split EP with French band Burning Heads, featuring the new songs "Serf City" and "One Nation, Under Siege". The Fastest Kid Alive was recorded at

research at NREL is the Solar Energy Research Facility (SERF). Examples of research conducted at the SERF include semiconductor material research, prototype

underestimated works. Arkady Makarovich Dolgoruky is the adopted son of the former serf Makar Ivanovich Dolgoruky and the illegitimate son of the provincial nobleman

to offers to save the estate, she allows its sale to the son of a former serf; the family leaves to the sound of the cherry orchard being cut down. The

A taeog (pl. taeogion; Latin: villanus) was a native serf or villein of the medieval Welsh kingdoms. The term was used in south Wales and literally denoted

bad-tempered and old; his hair is closely cropped reflecting his social status as a serf. His sword is rusty while he rides a fine gray horse called Scot. The Reeve

Veldamas was a middle stage between laukininkas (a free peasant) and a serf. The term veldamas is derived from Lithuanian word veldėti, valda and means

Before the colonial period, bahag were a common garment for commoners and the serf class (the alipin caste). Bahag survives in some indigenous tribes of the

German townsman Jan Tausendmark, who thereupon joins the occupants. The serf Jíra is designated the leader of a rebel movement. He openly charges Tausendmark

Franks, law and custom in medieval societies, charters, hagiography and serf-lord relations in the eleventh century. His recent work on the cost of the

decades, the family amassed about 20 larger land holdings with about 2,500 serf households. The family supported Grand Duke Švitrigaila who was deposed in

Automobiles Robert Serf was a French automobile manufacturer active between 1925 and 1935. Georges Didier established a small automobile business at Colombey-les-Belles

Stepanovich Gurilyov (Russian: Лев Степанович Гурылёв; 1770–1844) was a Russian serf musician and liturgical music composer, along with pedagogue and composer

Royal Tunbridge Wells) was a British zoologist, who described himself as "a serf to natural history, principally employed about Crustacea". Educated in London

Philip II of Macedon (reigned 359 BC–336 BC). Agathocles was a Thessalian serf from Crannon. His father’s name may have been Alcimachus. It was through

the medieval estate societies. They evolved from Royal servants, Castle serfs, and Armal nobles (Hungarian: Armális nemes, means a noble posessing an

McDowell, Tara Reid, and Bridgette Wilson. It follows a medieval knight and his serf who travel to 21st-century Chicago, meeting the knight's descendant. Unlike

helots in the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta resembled that of medieval serfs. By the 3rd century AD, the Roman Empire faced a labour shortage. Large

Shevchenko, former subjects of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth who became serf peasants, working the land owned by Vasily Engelhardt [uk], a nephew of the

serve for 25 years, which, given the expected life span of most Russian serfs at the time, essentially meant that they would serve for life. The recruits

annual income of 2,600 taels of silver and 40 rolls of silk, and held 60 serfs. Giyün Wang (ᠭᠢᠶᠦᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ 郡王), referred to the lord of a hoshun. A giyün wang

graffiti crew. It began as a collective of artists and designers including MINT&SERF (MIRF), GOAL, HEILS, BOO, CH, CECS, VYELS, KEVS and OUCH (RIP). Over the

and moving to Pictland. The story is similar to that in the Life of St. Serf, and it has been conjectured that both were the product of the Romanizing

Praskovia Kovalyova-Zhemchugova, a serf woman belonging to the Sheremetev family, who became an actress in the Sheremetev Serf Theatre and later married Nikolai

Shevchenko. Growing up in a Ukrainian peasant family, knowing all hardships of serf life, Shevchenko in the years of study clearly identifies the meaning of

Marchais, head of the French Communist Party (b. 1920). 25 November – Monique Serf, singer (b. 1930). 28 November – Georges Marchal, actor (b. 1920). 30 November

1992) 25 May – Sonia Rykiel, fashion designer (died 2016) 9 June – Monique Serf, singer (died 1997) 24 June Pierre Restany, art critic and cultural philosopher

embracing an old serf. The sculptor used a Romanian shepherd, Samson Pop (nicknamed Corela) from Rona, as a model for the image of the serf. The first plan

number, meaning that his father Bleddri or Bledrig was held to have been a serf rather than a member of Dyfed's old royal family claiming descent from Aed

Russian documents for the statute of limitations during which a run-away serf could be sought out and returned to his landlord. They were fixed at five

village consisted of 16 serf houses. At the end of the 16th century, Legnava was a medium-sized municipality with exclusively serf population mostly of Rusyn

Empire in 19th century. This was the official reference to the Russian serfs freed from serfdom within the framework of the February 20, 1803 decree

The 1848 revolution led to the liberation of 52 serf households, 1 tenant household, and 2 landless serf households in the village. The first World War

Empire in 19th century. This was the official reference to the Russian serfs freed from serfdom within the framework of the February 20, 1803 decree

the Ország family in 1522. As a result of the Ottoman-Hungarian wars, six serf lands were destroyed and three impoverished. In the 18th century the Haller

legend. Bodach (Old Irish also botach) is the Irish word for a tenant, a serf or peasant. It is derived from bod (Old Irish bod) "tail, penis". The word

of love. He was raised in the family of Adam Shvalbe, a serf. Although Kiprensky was born a serf, he was released from the serfdom upon his birth and later

mezzo-soprano Arkhip – Dubrovsky’s serf – 2nd bass Grishka – Dubrovsky’s serf – 2nd tenor Anton – Dubrovsky’s serf – 2nd baritone Tanya, Troekurov’s maid

Prisilka tract. This to some extent improved the financial situation of the serf peasants, only because the feculent refuse of the distillery served to fatten

one of the founders of the Russian school of portrait painting. He was a serf belonging to Count Sheremetev and had grown up in the family of his uncle

Priced at one rouble and a half, it was produced at noblemen's manors by serf labor. The cheapest pastila was made with honey instead of sugar. The Russian

derive from a non-Latin word. It may derive from a Germanic word meaning "serf" or "half-free colonist". Other authorities suggest the term was of Celtic

Kuskovo, where he collected a gallery of portraits, and to create a famous serf orchestra. He married Varvara Alekseevna Cherkasskaya, daughter of an important

Jean Claude Jacob was a serf from the Jura Mountains, supposedly 120 years old, who was brought from his native place to figure as "dean of the human race"

There were 2 acres of land and land for 1 plough. There were 1 villein, 1 serf, a quarter of a square league of pasture, 2 cattle and 9 sheep. The value

Simulations handled North American publication, where the game was released as Serf City: Life is Feudal. In 2018, Ubisoft re-released the game for Microsoft

смердъ, romanized: smerdǔ) was a free peasant and later a feudal-dependent serf in the medieval Slavic states of East Europe. Sources from the 11th and 12th

Yakov Grigorievich Bukhvostov (Russian: Яков Григорьевич Бухвостов), a serf of Russian boyar Mikhail Tatishchev, designed the so-called "octagon on cube"

only Thy door. O Lord! Thou has caught hold of my arm; I, Govind, am Thy serf, kindly take (care of me and) protect my honour. 864." On Page 728, Line

(1793–98), Prosecutor General (1814–17), Privy Councilor, senator, owner of the serf theater. Coming from the Ukrainian noble family of Troshchinsky. His great-grandfather

katuns around Drin and Lim rivers of whom had to carry salt and provide serf labour for the monastery. A chrysobull of the Serbian Tsar Stefan Dušan that

and story writer, written in 1852. The story of Gerasim, a deaf and mute serf whose life of poverty is brought into sharp relief by his connection with

of the company there are The Kitchen in Paris, Kitchen. The Last Battle, Serf, Hotel Belgrade, The Last Warrior and The Last Warrior: Root of Evil. Since

22, 1847 - August 23, 1913) was a Russian tenor and vocal teacher. Born a serf to Dmitri Nikolayevich Sheremetev, he studied music with Camille Everardi

feels like himself instead of merely Asta's Son. Crispin – A 13-year-old serf and a peasant boy, living in a rural English village called Stromford in

of his works were published during Paul's reign. Nikolev had a theatre of serf actors at his estate near Moscow, where he staged his own plays.  This article incorporates

The Nerd's Confession (2016) Salyut 7 (2017) Text (2019) Serf (2019) The Challenge (2023) Serf 2 (2023) December (2024) Night Express (2006) White Night

village according to topographical data other than the data on the serf and serf population. The church of Immaculate Conception built in the centre

long-term collaborative study by the Strathearn Environs and Royal Forteviot (SERF) project – funded by Historic Scotland and the Perth and Kinross Heritage

also one of the founders of the monumental Russian Empire style. Born a serf of the Stroganov family, he is best known for his work on Kazan Cathedral

Vinton Gray Cerf ForMemRS (/sɜːrf/; born June 23, 1943) is an American Internet pioneer and is recognized as one of "the fathers of the Internet", sharing

other runners to start at less than 20/1 were the Duke of Portland's St Serf and the Duke of Westminster's Blue Green. Presumably on account of his nervous

Rheims from 816 until 835 and again from 840 to 841. He was born a German serf on the royal demesne of Charlemagne. He was educated at his court and became

There was 1 virgate of land and land for 1 plough. There were 1 plough, 1 serf, 4 smallholders, 2 acres of pasture and 10 sheep. The value of the manor

" and as a name, it referred to a free man, as opposed to a bondsman or serf in the feudal system. Other variations include Freyr, Freyer, Freyda, Freyman

divided into strips (Lithuanian: rėžius) and assigned to each serf household. That way each serf was assigned a strip in each field; the three strips measured

1877) was a Russian Empire literary historian. A well-educated Ukrainian serf of Count Sheremetev who was granted freedom under pressure from Kondraty

abbey was built over the earlier Pictish church supposedly founded by Saint Serf in the 6th century, as witnessed by the presence in the ruined Cistercian

feudal Europe to seize a serf's best horse, clothing, or both, upon his death. It arose from the tradition of the lord lending a serf a horse or armour or

Mungo was born. Mungo was brought up by Saint Serf who was ministering to the Picts in that area. It was Serf who gave him his popular pet-name. At the age

Middle Ages, the Bánffy and then the Losonczi family owned a village of 15-20 serf plots. From the 18th century it was owned by the family of Count Forgách

II 1903 Bronze 59.1 cm New York City Metropolitan Museum of Art The Serf Le Serf 1906-07 Bronze Sleep 1905 Wood Reclining Nude, I Nu couché, I (Aurore)

work necessarily had to work, otherwise they would starve; and a slave or a serf by definition could not become "unemployed". There was normally very little

feudalism, there were various forms of status applying to people (such as serf, bordar, villein, vagabond, and slave) who were indentured or forced to labor

major coding developments on Apache HTTP Server, APR, mod_mbox, flood and Serf. As of 2010 Erenkrantz graduated from the University of California, Irvine

Kosoy, "Feodosy the Squint-Eyed" (Феодосий Косой) (fl. 1550s) was a Russian serf-monk in the time of Ivan the Terrible. He preached full equality, rejecting

the daughter of a serf actor and musician in the troupe of a landlord called Stolypin, who in 1798 sold him to the Imperial troupe. Serf actors, once in

cited World War I. Revisionists tracked it back to land disputes after the serf era. Modern historians cite a combination of these factors and criticize

Фёдор Михайлович Славянский; 1817–1876) was a Russian painter. He was born a serf of the landlady Avdotya Nikolayevna Semenova, in the village of Vyshkovo

Joss Fritz (c. 1470 – c. 1525) was a notable German insurgent, born as a serf in Untergrombach, Bruchsal. His full name was Joseph Fritz. In 1512, Fritz

notorious as the owner of a serf theater that had been created by his father; he brought it to Orel, where he was cruel to his serfs but generous to the poor

II 1903 Bronze 59.1 cm New York City Metropolitan Museum of Art The Serf Le Serf 1906-07 Bronze Sleep 1905 Wood Reclining Nude, I Nu couché, I (Aurore)

treated as serfs attached to Kurdish chiefs. They were sold as property, and if Kurd killed a serf, the latter's master took revenge by killing a serf belonging

(Not Not Fun, 2010) "C'mon, Stimmung" (Sub Pop, 2013) "Separation b/w Serf To Serf" 7-inch (Self Released, 2016) "Turned to String" (Drag City, 2020) "Feeler"

opposed and suppressed by slaveholders. Ancient Sparta had a special type of serf called helots who were often treated harshly, leading them to rebel. According

known as the "father of Russian Marxism". Born to a Tatar noble family of serf-owning landlords and minor government officials, Plekhanov grew up to reject

Troutbeck in 1906. Sire Ladas Grandsire Hampton Dam Rydal Mount Damsire St Serf Sex Stallion Foaled 1903 Country United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

guests. Entertainments included his a famous theater and orchestra with serf actors. The estate was visited by Empress Catherine II in 1775; an obelisk

(September 6, 1825 - June 14, 1853) was a Russian writer. The son of a freed serf, Kokorev's stories and essays began appearing in the 1840s, but he did not

1696, it became a curial place with uninhabited serf portions. By 1715, there were already 5 Hungarian serfs living in the village. In 1726, one family proved

person employed by a knight, usually a vassal of the knight such as a slave, serf, or peasant. Kippers might also be fighters of non-knightly status, who therefore

protection again, especially because the chapter forced them to perform serf duties, they turned to King Charles III. In 1720, Charles III reaffirmed

Mongol term for a tribal leader acknowledging another as his liege Villein, a serf, or low-born worker under feudalism The Tours formulary, which a mutual contract

rebuilt to the east during the post-destruction reconstruction. It was a serf village since its founding. Most of its population was engaged in agriculture

part of his time to supporting aspiring young authors and, with Le droit du Serf, to struggle with copyright law exceptions in the service of authors. Ayerdhal

Studies collection". www.serf.qut.edu.au. Retrieved 5 May 2016. Payne, David. "Queensland Museum: Social History collection". www.serf.qut.edu.au. Retrieved

between the Imperial Russian Army, commanded by Johann von Michelsohnen, and serf rebels, led by Yemelyan Pugachev. After Pugachev's victory in the Kazan,

from known sources in 1217, when Gende (Gende de v. Senmartin), a local serf of the Sárvár monastery, accused a man from the countryside. The village

University Press, 1965). Hallam, H. E., "Further Observations on the Spalding Serf Lists", The Economic History Review, 2nd series, vol. 16, no. 2 (1963), pp

⟨-p⟩ → ⟨-b-⟩ /p/ → /β/ llop lloba "wolf" ⟨-f⟩ → ⟨-v-⟩ /f/ → /v~β/ serf serva "serf" ⟨-s⟩ → ⟨-s-⟩ /s/ → /z/ espòs esposa "husband – wife" gos gossa "dog

which he is known to be the author dates to about this time. Shibanov was a serf of Prince Grigory Potemkin; his date of birth is unknown. Two of his genre

local-born Tamás Esze, II. The inevitable merit of Francis II Rákóczi's serf was that in the spring of 1703 it was not Imre Thököly, who was living in

/ High-reeve Thegn Thingmen / housecarl (retainer) Reeve / Verderer (bailiff) Churl (free tenant) Villein (serf) Cottar (cottager) Þēow (slave) v t e

Many early settlers to Alvena were of Ukrainian descent. Many were peasant serf farmers in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Others were from Poland and they

Gillemachoi was a serf quitclaimed by King William the Lion to Jocelin, Bishop of Glasgow. His name means "lad or servant of Saint Mungo". In a charter

ploughs. The recorded population was four villeins, five bordars and one serf. There was a Grist mill which brought in four shillings per year, and the

had passed to William, Count of Évreux. There were two ploughs and one serf on the demesne; four villeins with two ploughs tended the rest of the manor

relationship, What would today be regarded as almost an attitude of Czar-serf, which is to be found in some of the older cases where a dismissed employee

was a Russian entrepreneur and founder of the Zimin dynasty. He was born a serf owned by the landowner Ryumin. He married Anastasia Grigorievna, with whom

Georgian portraiture. Maisuradze was born in Tsinandali into the family of serf of Prince Alexander Chavchavadze, a poet and general in the Imperial Russian

Tigre/serfs in the 1940s. The movement was usually known as the Emancipation Movement of Serfs (Harakat Tahrir al Aqnan). By 1946, the demands of the serfs

contributing to a political climate that led to the emancipation of the serfs in 1861. He published the important social novel Who is to Blame? (1845–46)

prior claim to it by the governor of the Novgorod and Tver provinces. Using serf labor, Arakcheyev built Gruzino to one of the most up-to-date estates in

also appeared in Hamlet with Kate Josephine Bateman in 1860, as well in The Serf in 1865, and The Dead Heart, Wild Oats, The Lady of Lyons, Narcisse, and

Justin Wintle (2007) The Iraq War Reader (eds) Micah Sifri & Christopher Serf (2003) A Concise History Of India (a new chapter), (2002) A Just Response:

proponent of the Normanist theory of Russian statehood. Pogodin's father was a serf housekeeper of Count Stroganov, and the latter ensured Mikhail's education

company, a predecessor of both Smirnoff and Smirnov companies. He was born a serf in Kayurovo, a small Russian village, on 9 January 1831, and rose to become

completed the acquisition of the France-based joint replacement company, SERF SAS from its parent company Menix. Stryker Corporation Acquisitions Stryker

Kapiton Yakovlevich Ushkov (Russian: Капитон Ушков) (1813–1868) was a Russian serf who became a major chemical industrialist in Tatarstan. He was born in Bonduga

occupational surname. A "laet" (modern spelling "laat") was a type of (released) serf. The archaic spelling De Laet is most common in Belgium, especially around

recognised as founding any of the Morozov companies. Ivan was born unfree as a serf. His father bought his freedom along with that of himself and his elder brothers

In the beginning, most of the soldiers in the prelates' retinues were serfs who served their lords not only as horsemen but who were employed also in

• Dedicated 1093 • Gained independence 1391 1495 • Gained Reichsfreiheit 1495 • Serf rebellion 1501 • Secularised to     von Metternich 1803 • Mediatised to     Württemberg

Theatre, London, where it had an unusually long run. His second opera, The Serf, was staged by Vladimir Rosing at Covent Garden in 1938. Lloyd served in

beginning of the 14th century it was the property of the Tomaj clan; the serfs of Dénes in Szentmártoni of this genus destroyed the neighboring Tuzsér

Moment" (2005) "Fade to Daft" (2010) "I'm Majoring in Psychology" (2010) "Serf Song" (2010) "Pussy Comitatus" (2011) "Sebastian's Analog Prison" (2013)

the Xiongnu. Wei Qing was born from humble means as a bastard child from a serf family. His father Zheng Ji (鄭季) was a low-level official for Pingyang County

www.crockford.org.uk. Retrieved 2018-09-15. "The Benefice of Comrie (St Serf)". www.crockford.org.uk. Retrieved 2018-09-15. "The Benefice of Crieff (St

Galahad Ringsider, fourth fight Uncredited 1938 The Adventures of Robin Hood Serf 1939 The Roaring Twenties Sleeping Train Passenger Uncredited 1940 Gun Code

was one virgate of land and land for 2 ploughs. There was one plough, 1 serf, 1 villein, 2 smallholders, 20 acres of pasture and 20 sheep. The value of

friendly and good-hearted giant. He is both a giant and a giant-looking serf. The action begins when the provveditore Barbabianka, šjor Zvane and the

(2017) (Oleg Ptitsyn) Wild League (2019) (Yasha) Serf (2019) (Lev) Non-Orphanage (2022) (Andrey Mast) Serf 2 (2024) (Lev) Rango (2011) (Rattlesnake Jake

katuns around Drim and Lim rivers of whom had to carry salt and provide serf labour for the monastery In 1455, the southern territories of the Serbian

A contemporary of Saint Serf, according to Alban Butler, Ternan was a monk at Culross, which had been founded by St. Serf. Ternan established a small

Izabella Danzas, Hayk Danzas, Varduhi Varderesyan, Karp Khachvankyan Comedy The Serf Actress Крепостная актриса Roman Tikhomirov Tamara Syomina Musical Silence

origins and lifestyle, he became somewhat of a folklore hero. Born to a poor serf family, he attended many schools established by monasteries, including ones

was born in 1825 in Sredne-Yegvinskoye settlement of Perm Governorate in serf family. He studied in the Saint-Petersburg School of Agriculture, Mining

square) with his parents and five siblings. His father Nikolai was an ex-serf, earning money on the side as a cobbler. After the famine of 1891, Nikolai

Gentleman / Landed gentry Franklin / Yeoman / Retinue / Vavasour Husbandman Free tenant Domestic servant Vagabond Serf / Villein / Bordar / Cottar Slave v t e

The code makes legal distinctions between different social classes. Free, serf, slave and foreigner social statuses are recognized within the document.

sixty and had by then written many scientific and literary works such as Serf, Nehw, Belaxet, Mentiq, Munazere, Cedel, Wed', Eqaîd-Kelam, Hedîs, Fiqh,

titles containing border Boarder (disambiguation) Bordar, ranked below a serf in the social hierarchy of a manor Bordeaux (disambiguation) Bordure, in

given shelter at the community of Saint Serf. There she gave birth to and raised her son Kentigern, whom Serf nicknamed Mungo, "very dear one". There

well as the first group of the Polish Royal Ballet. Dorota Sitańska was a serf of count Antoni Tyzenhauz on his estate in Grodno and Postawy, and placed

the law would not permit him to own land, and he had no desire to become a serf and to work for others. He showed strong inclinations to trade and industry;

century, when it was established as a "serf village" (or maerdref), possibly by Cadwgan ap Bleddyn. It remained a serf village until the reign of Henry VII

from state and private companies into the unified state company, buying out serf actors from their private owners (among them Stepan Mochalov and his five-year-old

destroyed with the settlement, and is in ruins since 1552. Already as a "serf village" in 1694 the name was finally changed to Felsőtárkány. In 1750 Archbishop

/ High-reeve Thegn Thingmen / housecarl (retainer) Reeve / Verderer (bailiff) Churl (free tenant) Villein (serf) Cottar (cottager) Þēow (slave) v t e

cacique of the village. Gá and za in the Chibcha language of the Muisca mean "serf of the Sun" and "night" respectively. Gámeza is located in the Eastern Ranges

"school of the prophets" on Inchkeith in the late 7th century having met St Serf there. Inchmickery's name may be derived from the Gaelic for "island of the

of class struggles… Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in

The pre-Reformation church in Dysart was dedicated to St Serf and was close to St Serf's Cave where he supposedly lived as a hermit. It was under command

Wind Ветер Cheslav Sabinsky, Lev Sheffer Nikolai Saltykov Romantic drama The Wings of a Serf Крылья холопа Yuri Tarich Leonid Leonidov History, drama

September 2018. "The Benefice of Glasgow East End (St John) (St Kentigern) (St Serf)". www.crockford.org.uk. Retrieved 17 September 2018. "The Benefice of Glasgow

The term originated in the Nara and Heian periods, when it referred to a serf who had fled or deserted his master's land. In medieval times, the Ronin

Grigorovich Ivan IV (opera), 1865 opera by Georges Bizet The Wings of a Serf, also known as Ivan the Terrible, a 1926 film by Yuri Tarich Ivan the Terrible

fol.66. De faire chançon envoisie (RS 1144) in trouvère MSS M and T. Je serf Amours a mon pooir (RS 1810) in trouvère MSS M and T. Onques de chant en

on the demesne land; such reeves acted generally as the overseer of the serfs and peasants on the estate. He was also responsible for many aspects of

pinyin: Cáidàn Zhuōmǎ) is a Tibetan soprano. She was born August 1, 1937, to a serf family in Shigatse, Tibet. Tseten was influenced by Tibetan folk music from

Gentleman / Landed gentry Franklin / Yeoman / Retinue / Vavasour Husbandman Free tenant Domestic servant Vagabond Serf / Villein / Bordar / Cottar Slave v t e

Bishop, 1838 28 Irenaeus of Lyons, Bishop and Teacher of the Faith, 202 1 Serf, Bishop, c. 500 6 Palladius, Bishop, c. 450 7 Boisil, Prior of Melrose, c

captivity. He originated from village of Ribnik, near Karlovac and was a serf on estates of Stjepan Frankopan of Ozalj. When Ottoman akinjis raided these

Love (also known as The Countess and the Serf) is an 1839 play by the Irish writer James Sheridan Knowles. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden

police administration, supervision of trade, mail, shipping and public, serf and port buildings). The gradonachalnik presided over special city affairs

Aleksander was born in Semyonovskoye, Serpukhov Oblast into the family of serf musicians in the court of Count V.G. Orlov. His father, Lev Gurilyov, was

Gentleman / Landed gentry Franklin / Yeoman / Retinue / Vavasour Husbandman Free tenant Domestic servant Vagabond Serf / Villein / Bordar / Cottar Slave v t e

Cossacks and promised the serfs land of their own and freedom from their lords. There were various pressures on Russian serfs during the 18th century,

literature by the 19th-century writer Daniel Chonkadze. Durmishkhan is a serf freed by his master. Now, he has to buy the freedom of his lover Vardo to

village of Krasnoe, in the Kursk Governorate of the Russian Empire, to a serf family owned by Count G. S. Volkenshtein. Shchepkin's freedom had to be bought

conditions, but on average the Ancient Egyptian slave led a life similar to a serf. They were capable of negotiating transactions and owning personal property

future. In its vision of tomorrow, almost everyone is either an agricultural serf or an industrial slave, but the rulers genuinely believe that they are creating

France, he renounced his title to become a monk at Sessac in Gaul (581) Saint Serf (Servanus), the Apostle of West Fife in East Scotland, who reposed and was

parishes. It became more formally settled around 1771 as a jobbágy faluból or serf village. It became Kenderes after the 1848 revolutions which swept across

villages: Mânzălești-Mănești, Ciomagi, Răghinești and Ichimești, as well as the serf settlements on the Meledic and Poiana Ascunsă lands. The cave on the Meledic

is seen drowning. The scene then shifts to a summer day in 1861, where a serf named Tadas Blinda wakes up from dreaming the last scene while washing himself

descended from post-war Russian, Chinese and Mongol invaders rules over a serf class descended from American citizens. The Maurai Federation, an ecotopian

future. In its vision of tomorrow, almost everyone is either an agricultural serf or an industrial slave, but the rulers genuinely believe that they are creating

belonged to the pioneer generation of ballet dancers in Poland. He was a serf of count Antoni Tyzenhauz on his estate in Grodno and Postawy, and placed

version of the Devil's Dance, which is related to the hardships of slavery and serf-like conditions that the slaves suffered. Pinotepa Nacional has its well-known

villages: Mânzălești-Mănești, Ciomagi, Răghinești and Ichimești, as well as the serf settlements on the Meledic and Poiana Ascunsă lands. The cave on the Meledic

descended from post-war Russian, Chinese and Mongol invaders rules over a serf class descended from American citizens. The Maurai Federation, an ecotopian

Cannes, France 1.  Fritzi Gordon Rixi Markus 2. Fanny Parienté Marianne Serf 3. Dorothy Hayden Helen Portugal 1966 Amsterdam, Netherlands  1. Joan Durran

It was also the poorest. Before the emancipation of serfs, it was home to most of the Russian serf population, and later it was also the centre of the

Édith Piaf Henri Betti Frida Boccara Serge Reggiani Amália Rodrigues Monique Serf (Barbara) Charles Trenet Tereza Kesovija Jocelyne Jocya a-ha Amy Winehouse

present at least the aristocratic, land-owning, attendant, labourer, and serf classes. Similarly to the Sakyas, the Koliyas of Indo-Aryan origin who had

serfs increased: the landlord controlled who the serfs could marry. Indeed, the Senate passed legislation which allowed nobles to exile their serfs to

band originally released a demo before recording their debut album, 2009's Serf City USA. Initially a self-release, the album caught the attention of Vinnie

Semenovich Sadovnikov was born in 1800 in Saint Petersburg into the family of a serf belonging to Princess N. P. Golitsyna. He obtained his freedom in 1838, after

born in the village of Kaczówka near Dąbrowa Tarnowska. He was the son of a serf and received no formal education., but was trained as a carpenter. Encouraged

Béla IV. Almost every noble from Tyukod participated in the Dózsa Peasant/Serf Revolt. The nobles who joined the peasant armies were all punished with confiscation

Benedictine in Kompolt. On August 11 in 1323 the authorities of Heves county and serf judge Lőrinc issued certificates here. The village suffered a lot from the

belonged to the pioneer generation of ballet dancers in Poland. He was a serf of count Antoni Tyzenhauz on his estate in Grodno and Postawy, and placed

4:41 8. "La Vie en rose" Louis Guglielmi 3:08 9. "Nantes" Monique Andrée Serf 1:59 10. "La Marsellaise" Rouget de Lisle 3:14 11. "Rue des Lombards" Terreon

lists five grades of man: King, mormaer/earl, toísech/thane, ócthigern and serf.[1] For pre-twelfth century Scotland, slaves are added to this category.

journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) Molloy, Sylvia. "From Serf to Self: The Autobiography of Juan Francisco Manzano." MLA International

Lumpenproletariat Proletariat Working poor Under Ant tribe Commoner Outcast Outlaw / Prisoner Peasant / Serf Plebeian Rat tribe Slave / Freedman Untouchable

Airdrie (1960, 1967) SS Margaret & Serf, Airdrie (parishes merged 2017) St Margaret of Scotland – Airdrie (1836, 1839) St Serf – Airdrie (1973) Corpus Christi

King of Alba. Gruoch became his queen. In grants made to the church of St Serf they are identified as "Machbet filius Finlach…et Gruoch filia Bodhe, rex

of the slave in Code noir is legally different from that of a serf primarily in that serfs could not be bought. According to anthropological historian Claude

(then part of the Duchy of Carniola, now in Slovenia) to the family of a serf. After graduating from the Jesuit college in Ljubljana (Laibach), he studied

privilege of building town fortifications. After the suppression of the serf revolt in 1598–1599, the Protestant Brušperk again became a predominantly

Gentleman / Landed gentry Franklin / Yeoman / Retinue / Vavasour Husbandman Free tenant Domestic servant Vagabond Serf / Villein / Bordar / Cottar Slave v t e

and one of the founders of the Central Rada. Voronyi was from a former serf-peasant family and was eventually murdered by the Soviet regime as a socially

disposal, and had hunting rights. It also names all the serfs, 13 families with 44 inhabitants. A serf here belonged, together with his family, to the Count

European workers were serfs. Conditions of serfdom applied to both genders. Serfs did not enjoy property rights as did free tenants: serfs were restricted from

Traditionally, many Haratin have held occupations in agriculture – as serfs, herdsmen, and indentured workers. The origin and meaning of the name Haratin

Gentleman / Landed gentry Franklin / Yeoman / Retinue / Vavasour Husbandman Free tenant Domestic servant Vagabond Serf / Villein / Bordar / Cottar Slave v t e

Aguecheek. From 30 June 1865 in Tom Taylor's The Serf, or Love Levels All, he was Khor, an old serf. From about 1866 the Olympic Theatre was managed by

there were 4 portas, but only 6 families lived in the village of Ivány. 10 serf families lived in the village in the 17th century. By the end of the 18th

(surname), a name originating from the British Isles Cottier (farmer), a type of serf, also cottar, cottager This disambiguation page lists articles associated

of the serfs on private estates and of the domestic (household) serfs. By this edict more than 23 million people received their liberty. Serfs gained

belonged to the pioneer generation of ballet dancers in Poland. He was a serf of count Antoni Tyzenhauz on his estate in Grodno and Postawy, and placed

would indicate to the lady's parents (and her peers) that the man was not a serf, slave or beggar, and might serve as identification. In several other ballads

of the most notable members of Venetsianov school. Soroka was born as a serf in Pokrovskoye village (Tver Guberniya), owned by the Milyukov family. In

Nathalan Ninian O Oda Odran of Iona John Ogilvie P Psalmodius R Regulus Rufus S Serf T Teneu Ternan Triduana W Wendelin of Trier William of Perth Catholic Church

Reyonnah (1950–1954) Reyrol (1900–1930) Richard-Brasier (1902–1905) Robert Serf (1925–1935) Rochet-Schneider (1894–1932) Roger (1888–1896) Rolland-Pilain

the court of Baron Kemény to plead for reforms to ease the plight of the serfs. The men disagree over gradual versus drastic reform, and disagreement ends

from the Count of Mortain. There was 1 furlong of land and half a plough, 1 serf, 12 acres of woodland, 8 cattle, 8 pigs, 40 sheep and 40 goats. The value

was born on the estates of E. V. Olkhin, a major landowner. His father, a serf who made regular visits to Saint Petersburg, obtained permission from Olkhin

extended its authority. Felsőcsatár, named Big striker also left the feudal serf village period. During the Batthyánys has belonged to the run, then the Rohonc

Vasily Golovnin's circumnavigation aboard the frigate Kamchatka. Born a serf in 1789, Tikhanov showed artistic talent at the age of seventeen and was

needed] Subversion (SVN) has optional support for HTTP pipelining with the serf WebDAV access module (the default module, neon, does not have pipelining

village serfs were man-lease serfs (mi-bog), meaning that they had purchased their freedom. Estate owners exercised broad rights over attached serfs, and

by Nikita Lazarev in 1906. Mindovsky family originated in Kineshma, where serf Ivan Ivanovich Mindovsky (1781–1853) launched his own textile mill. His grandson

fomenting armed rebellion and had the offender blinded, "as one would a serf". Later the castellan came to serve as the representative of the people of

Keisuke Furokubo - Guitar Peter Lobodzinski − Drums (1999–2001) Benjamin Serf − Bass (1999–2000) Eddie Gasior − Bass (2000–2003) Itamar Ben-Zakay − Drums

Keisuke Furokubo - Guitar Peter Lobodzinski − Drums (1999–2001) Benjamin Serf − Bass (1999–2000) Eddie Gasior − Bass (2000–2003) Itamar Ben-Zakay − Drums

the Electorate of Trier over who held sovereignty. Since Electoral-Trier serfs were the overwhelming majority of the population, Trier deemed the village

introduces and elaborates upon the work and its ideas. Bondarev was born a serf in southern Russia. In the 1850s, his owner commissioned him into the army

Martin Gal, La Cité des Lamentations (collection) 2018 : Alain Damasio, Serf-Made-Man ? ou la créativité discutable de Nolan Peskine 2019 : Luc Dagenais

Loch Leven, a little away from the town. The church was dedicated to St. Serf and was under control of Dunfermline Abbey. Noteworthy ministers included

was listed as a nobleman and one of Galsa's holders). The settlement was a serf village in the 16th and 17th centuries . In the middle of the 1660s the village

Mireille Mathieu, Georges Brassens, Jacques Brel, Gilbert Bécaud, Monique Serf (Barbara), Léo Ferré, Charles Aznavour and Alain Barrière. The Yéyé style

Perseigne Abbey in the Diocese of Le Mans. Adam was born around 1145 into a serf, or peasant, family. He is thought to have been first a canon regular, later

/ High-reeve Thegn Thingmen / housecarl (retainer) Reeve / Verderer (bailiff) Churl (free tenant) Villein (serf) Cottar (cottager) Þēow (slave) v t e

in the Écoles Normales until the Second World War. Jean Claude Jacob, a serf from the Jura Mountains, supposedly 120 years old, was brought from his native

mention of Neratovice is from 1227, at that time known as Neradice. It was a serf village of Chapter of St. Wenceslaus at the Prague Castle and of St. George's

as concertmaster of the Bolshoi Theatre Orchestra in order to conduct the serf orchestra of a wealthy landowner at Vïksa, near St Petersburg. August Heinrich

/ High-reeve Thegn Thingmen / housecarl (retainer) Reeve / Verderer (bailiff) Churl (free tenant) Villein (serf) Cottar (cottager) Þēow (slave) v t e

Republic of Slovenia. 2008. p. 33. Retrieved 2012-06-07. Wright, W.E. (1966). Serf, Seigneur, and Sovereign: Agrarian Reform in Eighteenth-Century Bohemia.

Gentleman / Landed gentry Franklin / Yeoman / Retinue / Vavasour Husbandman Free tenant Domestic servant Vagabond Serf / Villein / Bordar / Cottar Slave v t e

considered between serfs and slaves, forbidden to offer testimony, and obliged to pledge themselves to a native Welshman (even a serf) who would be responsible

Yevgrafovna - Nastenka: the children's governess Yevgraf Larionych Yezhevikin: a serf, Nastenka's father Krakhotkin the General's lady: Rostanev's mother Miss

a larger than average hamlet whose inhabitants were a mixture of free, serf and slave. Beningwyrde is another early spelling used in the Worcester Survey

returned to Tibet in 1948. Kunphela was born as Dechen Chödrön in a "taxpayer" serf family in Nyemo in 1905. At the age of 12, he was sent to Lhasa as a servant

commercial enterprise. Nikolai Sheremetev initially assigned landscaping to his serf architect, Mironov, but soon deemed Mironov's plan inappropriate. The job

the Ministry of Interior (1843–1845). When Turgenev was a child, a family serf had read to him verses from the Rossiad of Mikhail Kheraskov, a celebrated

the famous serf theatre of Pyotr Sheremetev and Nikolai Sheremetev. It was also used as a school, as the Sheremetev family trained serfs in drama, opera

Lumpenproletariat Proletariat Working poor Under Ant tribe Commoner Outcast Outlaw / Prisoner Peasant / Serf Plebeian Rat tribe Slave / Freedman Untouchable

Bava's film "Shock". "Su Ciervo" is a play on words, as "Siervo" means "serf" or "slave", and "Ciervo", though pronounced exactly the same way, means

Dent; R. Shipsey; C. Swart; J. White; M. Dichtl; S. Pyka; M. Schafheutle; P. Serf; E. Biham; E. Barkan; Y. Braziler; O. Dunkelman; V. Furman; D. Kenigsberg;

Durbar Banshee Zariba 1919 Sardanapale Prestige Gemma (GB) St Lucre (GB) St Serf Fairy Gold Dam Astronomie (FR) 1932 Asterus 1923 Teddy Ajax Rondeau (GB)

family was killed, and the village church was burnt down. In 1448, the serfs of Gerse revolted against officials of the comitatus. In the course of putting

slightly better than the few serfs they had. In 1777, 59 percent of the gentry owned less than twenty serfs. The lives of serfs and peasants remained relatively

the official language. During the 18th century, Lanškroun was an average serf town. In 1848, the serfdom was abolished and Lanškroun became a district

Potapov. Yakov Grigorievich Buhvostov was born in the mid 17th-century, as a serf to Mikhail Tatishchev. The Tatishchev family were influential Boyars in Nikolskoe

by the political authorities to a task, they could be a semi-slave or a serf bound to the land who is hired out part of the time. So the labour might

or work there unless he was a serf of the Republic. As a result, all inhabitants automatically became serfs. The serfs of the Republic, although having

blessing or a curse. Until they leash her to her new bodyguard, Finn – a serf whose past is not clear to anyone. If she strays from his side, he dies;

happiness is reached by many who could never have risen above the level of the serf and the slave without this intellectual lever. The poor may read the gospel

Queensland University of Technology’s Samford Ecological Research Facility (SERF). In 2015 the Australian Entomological Society announced that the Pat Marks

of Duchcov is first mentioned in 1240. In the 14th century, Duchcov was a serf town surrounded by walls with three gates. In these times, the Romanesque

the taste of wheat, it is not possible to tell who produced it, a Russian serf, a French peasant or an English capitalist." Petroleum and copper are examples

name is of Norse origin and is a combination of thraell, meaning slave or serf, and kelda, meaning a spring or well. There was extensive Norse settlement

1898 and 1914: St Victorine, a brown filly, foaled in 1898, sired by St Serf. Female-line ancestor of Star Kingdom. Chaucer, brown colt, 1900, by St Simon

Hopak-like dances began to be performed on stage in the 18th century in Serf and Peasant theaters, professional dramatic troupes began to incorporate

(senior members of senior clans), amenengames (middle class) and the itsios (serf class). While temonibes and amenengames were determined at birth, itsio were

interiors in Neoclassical style. Voronikhin's mother was the Stroganovs' serf, and it was rumored that his father was Alexander Stroganov. After Alexander

approximately 150 souls. According to the urban census of 1791, there were 80 serf families with allotments and 70 landless residents in the village. Residents

remains unresolved. A Polish pamphlet published in 1648 claimed that he was a serf of the Nemyrych family (a hypothesis favoured by Soviet historiography).

Draka conquest of India, Marya Lefarge is taken prisoner. She becomes a serf to Yolande Ingolfsson, who after torturing her repeatedly with a neural weapon

roller coaster at Geauga Lake in Aurora, Ohio Villein or villain, a type of serf in the Middle Ages Search for "villain"  or "villains" on Wikipedia. All

problem of debt bondage, in conjunction with the state's ability to levy serfs for labour, led many to flee their homes. Some of these fugitives formed

Russian painter. Lebedev was born in Dorpat into the family of an impoverished serf. In the 1820s, serfdom was abolished in his region and the young Lebedev

Ladomírskovci owned property here. In 1600, the estate had 16 inhabited serf houses, a dwelling of Šoltýs, a mill, a toll booth, a church, a rectory,

of Montose 1889 Enthusiast 3 Billy Warne James Ryan Douglas Baird 1890 St Serf 3 John Watts George Dawson 6th Duke of Portland 1891 Orvieto 3 Tom Cannon

Gentleman / Landed gentry Franklin / Yeoman / Retinue / Vavasour Husbandman Free tenant Domestic servant Vagabond Serf / Villein / Bordar / Cottar Slave v t e

in connection with the term "lag", as the Caucasian peoples called the "serf". The former self-name of the Laks was Kumuk. Soviet and Russian onomatologist

problem of debt bondage, in conjunction with the state's ability to levy serfs for labour, led many to flee their homes. Some of these fugitives formed

Revolution (b. 1726) February 23 – Praskovia Kovalyova-Zhemchugova, Russian serf actress, opera soprano (b. 1768) February 21 – Edward Despard, British revolutionary

Russian painter. Lebedev was born in Dorpat into the family of an impoverished serf. In the 1820s, serfdom was abolished in his region and the young Lebedev

(from a poem) 1:55 8. "Incestuous Love (Amours incestueuses)" Monique Andrée Serf, Buck Barbara 6:17 9. "A Man (Un homme)" Nyel, Garvarentz, Buck Robert Nyel

In the mid-16th century, the Kroměříž Jewish community was the largest serf Jewish community in Moravia. The bishops protected the community for the

dirt under their fingernails, it was important to not be mistaken for a serf or escaped slave. Under these circumstances, a silver spoon served the functional

construction was managed by T. G. Prostakov, a free man, and I. M. Podyachy - a serf of Lazarevs. By 1823 the main building acquired its present-day shape; an

Lumpenproletariat Proletariat Working poor Under Ant tribe Commoner Outcast Outlaw / Prisoner Peasant / Serf Plebeian Rat tribe Slave / Freedman Untouchable

statuses and privileges. Feudal classification systems might include merchant, serf, peasant, warrior, priestly, and noble classes. Rankings were far from invariant

Gentleman / Landed gentry Franklin / Yeoman / Retinue / Vavasour Husbandman Free tenant Domestic servant Vagabond Serf / Villein / Bordar / Cottar Slave v t e

several castles, fortresses, churches and monasteries as well as 1,500 serf households. Prince Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze was not only the most powerful

creditors would surrender their land to them, then becoming hektemoroi, i.e. serfs who cultivated what used to be their own land and gave one sixth of produce

Black Death, resulting in the increased economic bargaining power of the serf labour force, was a major precipitating factor for the Peasants' Revolt of

rearers and traders. The Shudra, a fourth Indian caste, is a peasant or serf. Researchers believe that Indo-European-speakers entered India in the Late

Roman Catholics, 301 Lutherans, 200 Calvinists, and 150 Jews. During the serf emancipation, there was one large estate and 233 small holdings. In the first

etc. The occupational surnames often would come from the Medieval Polish serf-villages, where a whole village serving the prince, township or lord, or

Although Scottish Gaelic was closer to Brythonic than Irish was, the Life of St Serf (written before 1180) calls the island Insula Keð, suggesting the possibility

1 virgate of land. There was land for 2 ploughs. There were 1 plough, 1 serf, 2 villeins, 6 smallholders, 100 acres of woodland, 40 acres of pasture,

comparatively non-rich nobleman. Modest's paternal grandmother Irina used to be a serf that could be sold without land in his grandfather's estate. At age six,

Gorgon Bitter Orange (GB) William the Third Tragedy Queen (IRE) Hush (GB) 1911 St Serf St Simon Feronia Silent Lady Cyllene Miss Gunning (Family 3-e)

Church in Oradea (Hungarian: Nagyvárad, German: Großwardein). Although a serf, he is supposed to have been able to read and write. Between 1770 and 1773

first person recorded as feeding wild birds was the 6th-century monk Saint Serf of Fife who tamed a robin by feeding it. During the harsh winter of 1890–1891

they learn that the crown had not been buried with him. They encounter a serf who tells them about the great battle which killed the King and how the Earl

consisted of serfs, accounting for 400,000 out of the 1 million French serfs. Landowners took one-twelfth of the sale's price if a serf (mainmortable)

droit des persones, des gens, est tele que tot homes ou il sont franc ou serf: "the good division of the law of persons is that all men are either free

(1022–1045) took control of Badajoz, by death of Sabur al-Khatib (a Slavic serf, previously serving at the court of Caliph al-Hakam II, that had proclaimed

Habsburg Empire with the aim of freeing themselves from the crushing labor and serf duties of corvée in the spring of 1775 in eastern Bohemia. It is connected

and Ádám Vay [fr] acquired property rights, but even in the 1720s only 13 serf families lived in the village. The owners of the area in the 18th century

Стрелкова, 1833–1902) was a Russian stage actress. Born in to a family of serf actors in Nizhny Novgorod, she was the sister of the actress Khioniya Talanova

ACCORDING TO KANUNNAMES IN THE 1540". Turkish Studies. 2 (2). "IS 'REAYA' SO DIFFERENT FROM THE 'SERF'?" (PDF). Retrieved 19 April 2011.[permanent dead link]

District in Moscow), at the estate of the author Mikhail Kheraskov. He was a serf of Kheraskov, as were his parents, however, Kheraskov was also his godfather

early movie villains. He was aided by his servant/butler Eric and the local serf, Titus Tallow. Jake, the original hero of the title, seldom appeared after

Ultima. In the first Questron game, the player takes on the role of a young serf who tries to make a name for himself by traveling the realm in order to gain

children went unpunished. Rape of a noblewoman by a serf was punishable by death, while rape of serfs by nobles was tolerated. Amarar tribe Bisharin tribe

Cleopatra Corcyra Polymelus Cyllene Maid Marian Pearmain Persimmon Nenemoosha Gallice Gallinule Isonomy Moorhen St. Cecilia St. Serf Melody (family: 3-j)

man" in general), it was the first rank after the non-free peasants or serfs. The etymology of the term comes from the word battle (бој, boj). The boyars

⟨-p⟩ → ⟨-b-⟩ /p/ → /β/ llop lloba "wolf" ⟨-f⟩ → ⟨-v-⟩ /f/ → /v~β/ serf serva "serf" ⟨-s⟩ → ⟨-s-⟩ /s/ → /z/ espòs esposa "husband – wife" gos gossa "dog

Interim owned of the ”Prince property” could not sell or change anything in serf-feudal obligations. (Disembarrass or change gilds). Such kind of changes

Africa—orient and occident, white, brown and black, landlord, trader and landless serf. When the Indians asked rights, the whites replied that this would injure

Thurio Insignia Golden Legend bay 1907 Amphion Rosebery Suicide St Lucre St Serf Fairy Gold Dam Galaday (FR) 1927 Sir Gallahad III 1920 Teddy Ajax Rondeau

such as generals Mikhail Alekseyev and Anton Denikin, who originated in serf families, or General Lavr Kornilov, a Cossack. The White generals never mastered

St Serf's Church is an early 20th-century church building of the Scottish Episcopal Church, located in the Shettleston area of Glasgow. The Episcopal congregation

Moscow, Russia Music, 1910, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia Le Serf (The Serf, Der Sklave), 1900–1904, bronze Sleep, 1905, wood, exhibition Blue Rose

1890 Isonomy Sterling Isola Bella Dead Lock Wenlock Malpractice Landrail (GB) 1896 St Serf St Simon Feronia Thistlefield Springfield Thistle (Family 4-c)

the Uprising and Polish valor. Wojciech Bartosz was born around 1765 as a serf of Antoni Szujski. He was probably born in the village of Rzędowice, although

Tuulispask - whirlwind Tuuslar - a sorcerer living in Finland Udres-Kudres - serf, called "Son of the Sun", hero of folksongs Uku - the supreme god Vanemuine

story goes that he was once left in charge of watching a holy fire by Saint Serf, but the fire was put out by some other boys jealous of St. Mungo after he

men, in particular Boers. Historically Burgher refers to a non-slave or serf citizen of a town or city, typically a member of the wealth bourgeoisie.

social rights data comes from the Social and Economic Rights Fulfillment (SERF) Index, developed by Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, Terra Lawson-Remer, and Susan Randolph

Africa—orient and occident, white, brown and black, landlord, trader and landless serf. When the Indians asked rights, the whites replied that this would injure

Interim owned of the ”Prince property” could not sell or change anything in serf-feudal obligations. (Disembarrass or change gilds). Such kind of changes

either lost his land to the church or, together with his family, became its serf. In the Wallachian capital Bucharest, men condemned for theft, counterfeiting

Ice 2 Nadya Lapshina 2020 Deadly Illusions Katya 2021 Till Lindemann: Ich hasse Kinder Till's Wife Short film 2021 The Execution Kira 2024 Serf 2 Katya

Mosuo commoner female married a male serf, her daughter would be another commoner, while her son would have serf status. Chuan-Kang Shih argued that matrilineality

Series) - Donald Voss The Sarah Jane Adventures (2011, TV Series) - Joseph Serf The Case (2012, TV Mini-Series) - Paul Carrington CSI: Crime Scene Investigation

the Uprising and Polish valor. Wojciech Bartosz was born around 1765 as a serf of Antoni Szujski. He was probably born in the village of Rzędowice, although

Ruins were cleared out, and the poorly constructed upper portions of the serf walls and towers were broken down and reconstructed. The two northeastern

switched to Meitei. There are also various unattested varieties of Lui or Loi ('serf') mentioned in nineteenth-century accounts that appear to be Luish varieties

The concept was used to describe the uniting force behind the peasant or serf Obshchina in pre-Soviet Russia. Perhaps the most prominent exponent of spontaneous

of serfs received less education. These serfs were heavily taxed, making them the poorest in any Russians. In 1861, Emperor Alexander II saw serfs as

the Philippines, Spaniards took advantage of the indigenous alipin (bonded serf) system in the Philippines to circumvent the Leyes de las Indias and acquire

Gentleman / Landed gentry Franklin / Yeoman / Retinue / Vavasour Husbandman Free tenant Domestic servant Vagabond Serf / Villein / Bordar / Cottar Slave v t e

(2006) Earthquake (2016) Salyut 7 (2017) Loud Connection (2019) Robo (2019) Serf (2019) The Courier (2020) Sky (2021) Указ Президента Российской Федерации

where to live. Pokrovsky cited Lenin's idea that "the dictatorship of the serf-holding landowners was not only a reflection of our country's economic backwardness

Tsarevo-Alexander gold-field gave 6,400 kg of gold within 18 years. Nikifor Sutkin, a serf, found the largest nugget of gold weighing 36 kg. It was sent to St. Petersburg

Such graffiti/street artists as Keith Haring, Shepard Fairey, Above, Mint&Serf, Futura 2000, Os Gemeos, and Faile among others have successfully transcended

champion. Princess Esmeralda leaps down to her new fiancé with glee, while a serf nonchalantly pushes Sir Cumference from the field in a scoop shovel. Hawkers

Parish Church Of St. Serf, Tillicoultry 56°09′12″N 3°44′11″W / 56.153428°N 3.736457°W / 56.153428; -3.736457 (Parish Church Of St. Serf, Tillicoultry) Category B

priest. Most of the people living on the manor were peasant farmers or serfs who grew crops for themselves, and either labored for the lord and church

mentioned in the chronicle several more times during the Middle Ages. In 1797, serf peasant Savva Vasilyevich Morozov opened his first silk factory in Zuyevo

Review. 38 (91): 289–313 – via JSTOR. Golub, Spencer (1985). "Reviewed Works: Serf Actor: the life and art of Mikhail Shchepkin by Laurnece Senelick". Comparative

In Europe, three classes of peasants existed: non-free slaves, semi-free serfs, and free tenants. Peasants might hold title to land outright (fee simple)

Matīss Akmeņkalis (Germanised as Matthis Steinhauer), a runaway Latvian serf turned into a merchant who transported cargo for the Swedes during the Swedish

philosopher (d. 1852) July 20 – Praskovia Kovalyova-Zhemchugova, Russian serf, actress and opera soprano (d. 1803) July 27 – Charlotte Corday, French murderer

escape. They can choose from three different characters; a Wizard, Knight or Serf. Each character has different ground friction, a different weapon to kill

lived and administered a rural estate, and a population of labourers or serfs who worked the surrounding land to support themselves and the lord. These

katuns around Drim and Lim rivers of whom had to carry salt and provide serf labour for the monastery. Three of the deeds of gift written by Stefan Dušan

Russian-speaking population. 1961: The Man from Nowhere as Chudak 1963: The Serf Actress as Prince Nikita Petrovich Baturin 1965: Time, Forward! as Margulies

Russian (43.6%), Udmurt (2.4%), and Mari (2.1%). Kapiton Ushkov (1813–1868), a serf who became a major chemical industrialist Order #01-02/9 Inhabited Localities

line played a subservient role to the Beni Amir and were relegated to a serf caste. Major subdivisions of Tigre, which at 35%, are the second largest

retinue followed over the "bending and cracking ice" to Ely. Brethner, a serf, was set free by the king with some free lands for his good deed. But by

It has been stated that Guryev porridge was invented by Zakhar Kuzmin, a serf chef of the retired major of the Orenburg dragoon regiment Georgy Jurisovsky

concubinage. A free wife might be sold into slavery, such as if she had married a serf or her husband had been murdered. Sometimes, a slave-master sold an enslaved

Gentleman / Landed gentry Franklin / Yeoman / Retinue / Vavasour Husbandman Free tenant Domestic servant Vagabond Serf / Villein / Bordar / Cottar Slave v t e

/ High-reeve Thegn Thingmen / housecarl (retainer) Reeve / Verderer (bailiff) Churl (free tenant) Villein (serf) Cottar (cottager) Þēow (slave) v t e

We Sing a Duet?" [From Peach Blossom Fan] – 00:55 "The Song of the Humble Serf" [From Orphan of Zhao] – 00:56 "The Collar and the Garter" [From My Life

Vitaly Khaev, Yevgenia Kregzhde and Yelena Shevchenko. 2019 comedy film Serf directed by Klim Shipenko and starring Miloš Biković set new domestic box-office

Krajina commanders must return the serfs if it is requested by neighboring feudal lords. Despite of that the serfs continued to flee to the Military Krajina

Gentleman / Landed gentry Franklin / Yeoman / Retinue / Vavasour Husbandman Free tenant Domestic servant Vagabond Serf / Villein / Bordar / Cottar Slave v t e

Eugene Onegin 1959 — Morning Star 1960 — The Queen of Spades 1963 — The Serf Actress 1965 — When the Song Does Not End 1969 — Prince Igor "Roman Tikhomirov"

Germany under its original title Die Siedler, and in the United States as Serf City: Life is Feudal Archimedean Dynasty (1996) - released in Germany under

town. The first conscription of the population happened in 1574 (26 royal serf families and 3 noble families). The next conscription in 1646 indicates that

by Anatoliy Bobrovskiy and Evgeniy Teterin. The film tells about the dumb serf and his faithful dog MuMu. Afanasi Kochetkov as Gerasim Nina Grebeshkova

liberating serfs, and uses them to turn the nobles against Catherine. This goads Catherine into proclaiming immediate freedom for the serfs, and Peter

town southeast of Saratov in Samara guberniya. He was the son of a former serf peasant who had risen to become a low-level functionary in the local civil

describing how society expects young people to conform. The line "From feudal serf to spender" draws a direct parallel between slavery of peasants to the lord

Historical Novel. [Felttoget] 1977 Gaia. Novel. 1978 Lord of the Ocean, Serf of the Sea. Historical Novel. [Havherre og sjøtrell] 1981 Big Bang and Blue

you free, serve". The phrase was used to free a serf. A lito (English: half-free) was a form of serf in the feudal system, a half-free farmer, who was

of an unfamiliar bird. Asking one of the peasants about the songbird, the serf responded that the song came from a bird of the kind called cartaxos or cartaxinhos

town southeast of Saratov in Samara guberniya. He was the son of a former serf peasant who had risen to become a low-level functionary in the local civil

Dutch as well) is found in the Lex Salica. This phrase was used to free a serf: "Maltho thi afrio lito" (I say, I free you, half-free.) These are the earliest

Fenwick 1:45 1889 Love-in-Idleness 3 Tom Cannon Prince Soltykoff 1890 St. Serf 3 Tommy Loates 6th Duke of Portland 1:44.2 1891 Amphion 5 Tom Cannon Chandler

between 1900 and 1908: Sagacity, a bay filly, foaled in 1900, sired by St Serf. Amitie, bay filly, 1902, by Chaleureux. Third in the 1905 Epsom Oaks. Sagamore

interred in Melrose Abbey, and his internal organs embalmed and placed in St Serf's Church, Dumbarton. Robert the Bruce was born on 11 July 1274. His place

Lumpenproletariat Proletariat Working poor Under Ant tribe Commoner Outcast Outlaw / Prisoner Peasant / Serf Plebeian Rat tribe Slave / Freedman Untouchable

non-Arabized piruz. In the traditional songs, he introduces himself as a serf trying to cheer people whom he refers to as his lords. The exact history

households. The population included 9 villagers, 11 smallholders (middle level of serf below a villager), and 13 slaves, with its assets listed as an area of land

Morozov dynasty. He was born a serf, his father, a fisherman having been sold by Vsevoloshsky along with other serfs, building and structures as part

1790s – 28 December 1837) was a Russian Neoclassical sculptor. Born into a serf peasant family in Tula, Russia, his artistic talent led to him being freed

included Surefoot, Queen's Birthday (Great Yorkshire Stakes), Blue Green and St Serf (Sussex Stakes). The race took place in fine, breezy weather and attracted

St Serf's Inch or St Serf's Island is an island in Loch Leven, in south-eastern Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It was the home of a Culdee and then an Augustinian

There was one hide of land and land for 4 ploughs. There were 1 plough, 1 serf, 1 villein, 3 smallholders, 1 acre of meadow, 40 acres of pasture, 5 cattle

the World in the Moon, 1659, both published under the name of Thomas Saint Serf. Thompson Cooper, however, writing in the Dictionary of National Biography

2009: Daddy's Daughters 2011: Exchange Wedding 2015: The Very Best Day 2019: Serf Medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" 2nd class (2006) In June

In 1636, Teimuraz I of Kakheti received them as princes and served as serfs in Kardakhan. Baratashvili also had estates in Kardanakh. The mentioned

of class struggles. Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in

peasants was abolished, and the peasants received personal freedom. The former serf became a legal entity that had the right to own property, engage in trade

Historians, until the 20th century, focused on master-serf economic and labor relations, portraying the serfs as slave-like, passive, and isolated. 20th century

great plague in 1680. The crises resulted in a series of harshly suppressed serf uprisings. In the 18th century, Reichenberg flourished. The number of inhabitants

of 1861, major Middle Uralian industries that were heavily dependent on serf labor entered decline, although it also allowed light industry to thrive

(1911–1967), singer Eugène Atget (1857–1927), photographer Barbara (Monique Serf) (1930–1997), singer Claude Berri (1934–2009), French actor, writer, producer

if it had pleased Him to create serfs, surely in the beginning of the world would have appointed who should be a serf and who a lord" and Ball ended by

or debtors. Most members of this class were equivalent to the European serf class, who paid taxes and can be conscripted to communal tasks, but were

Pécs and founder of the Klimo Library and printing press. Klimó came from a serf family. He studied first in Pressburg, then in Pest (present-day Bratislava

Retrieved 11 July 2013. Technology (QUT), Queensland University of. "About SERF". QUT. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 23 April

Darina Shmidt, Konstantin Feoktistov Cast: Nikita Yefremov, Tatyana Bunina 26 Serf Son of a Rich Холоп Director: Klim Shipenko Cast: Miloš Biković, Aleksandra

the system of absentee landowners. The peasant was still essentially the serf in the system. Emigration not only offered peasants a chance to move beyond

6 [O.S. 24 November] 1863) was a Russian painter. Anton Ivanov was born a serf in a village of Kozakovo, Vladimir gubernia. From 1833 he studied painting

wooden fortress Penza was once located, therefore it is sometimes called the Serf. The architectural concept of the old fortress, erected on the eastern slope

of the New Space." Matyushin was the illegitimate son of a landlord and a serf woman. According to his own memoirs, at an early age he studied reading,

Kolokolnikov was born in the village of Kravotyn in Tver gubernia. He was a serf of the Pafnutievo-Borovsky Monastery, and learnt the art of portrait painting

drama Ponthan Mada. The film portrayed the irrational bonding of a feudal serf (played by Mammootty) and a colonial landlord (played by Shah). He strongly

family of pigs who belong to Sir Coward de Custard who takes him in as a serf. By way of remittance, Lurkalot aids his master by selling love potions and

did, for example, create a new class of serfs, known as state peasants, who had broader rights than ordinary serfs, but paid dues to the state. He also created

Broom II Broomstick Ben Brush Elf Audience Sir Dixon Sallie McClelland Centre Shot Sain St Serf The Task Grand Shot Foul Shot Grand Lady (family: 14-a)

burgesses, and franklins, and the unfree peasantry including villeins and serfs. Even as late as 1400, the word gentleman still only had the descriptive

Take up the White Man's burden—     No tawdry rule of kings, But toil of serf and sweeper—     The tale of common things. The ports ye shall not enter

in rebuilding Moscow after the Great Fire of 1812. Grigoriev was born a serf, owned by the Kretov family, and acquired freedom at the age of 22. By this

Pushkin) was a Russian portrait painter and lithographer. He was born a serf. After displaying some artistic talent, he was sent to Moscow where, from

Die Verschleppung (Suhrkamp, 1983). Der Leibeigene (Suhrkamp, 1987). The Serf, trans. by Michael Mitchell (Ariadne Press, 1997). Friedhof der bitteren

urgent need of finding any kind of employment. Alexander Sviridov, once a serf peasant and now a successful building engineer, entrepreneur and businessman

and officials, while the indigenous population became the lower class of serfs. In The Seasons the village life of the latter is depicted as patriarchal

and gentillesse in human relationships. A medieval franklin was free, non-serf yet did not have noble status, and this pilgrim's words when interrupting

Governorate, and the Taurida Oblast. A Decree of 12 December 1796 set up a serf system on the territory of South Ukraine and Caucasus by attaching peasants

Concerto (Anthony Ross, cello) George Lloyd: Orchestral Suite No. 1 from "The Serf" Gould & Harris. Albany Records 515 Roy Harris: Symphony No. 2 Morton Gould:

rich higher elevations. This dichotomy was often accompanied by a master/serf relationship. Vestiges of this dichotomy remain today: for example, 30 percent

many traits with Turgenev. The child of a distant, Anglophile father and a serf mother who dies when he is very young, Lavretsky is brought up on his family's

represents Modern Man, Barker a miller from the Renaissance, and Corbett a weaver serf from the Middle Ages. The basic premise of the sketch is no different from

Unlike ministeriales, they held a lower social rank equivalent to the English serf. Later, the term described was used to describe a hired man who, in public

Die Verschleppung (Suhrkamp, 1983). Der Leibeigene (Suhrkamp, 1987). The Serf, trans. by Michael Mitchell (Ariadne Press, 1997). Friedhof der bitteren

Portrait of Kalmyk serf girl in western dress by Ivan Argunov, 1767

brother Josef, who suggested roboti. The word robota means literally 'corvée, serf labor', and figuratively 'drudgery, hard work' in Czech and also (more general)

Pedro Afonso, Goiás. In the parable which bears his name, he is the son of a serf, and is disobedient from birth. He takes great pleasure in treating animals

Governorate, and the Taurida Oblast. A Decree of 12 December 1796 set up a serf system on the territory of South Ukraine and Caucasus by attaching peasants

to market forces but on the basis of customary labour services owed by serfs to landowning nobles. Heinrich Brunner, in his The Equestrian Service and

merit. Neither in these, nor in his only other dramatic effort, Oulita the Serf (1858) did he show any real qualifications as a playwright. Helps possessed

with a local missionary campaign, the government abolished the Khoikhoi's serf-like status by the promulgation of Ordinance 50 of 1828. According to the

brutal and humiliating manner in order to "set an example" to all newly made serfs of the Draka. Written by William Barton A Nazi nuclear scientist, kidnapped

Artist of the USSR in 1936. The Iron Heel (1919) as Wickson The Wings of a Serf (1926) as Ivan the Terrible His Excellency (1927) as Governor von Wahl /

Barcelona and its main character is Arnau Estanyol, the son of a fugitive serf and one of the cathedral's stone workers, who obtains freedom and eventually

Professor Desnitsky of the Moscow University declared that "worst of all is the serf who could not own even the smallest bit of property"). Encouraged by the

Lilith's feudal society are serfs. The nobility of Lilith are the few who can control the organisms. The agent thus finds himself a serf, with no hope of advancing

writer, poet and public figure. Born of parents who were petty tradesmen of serf descent, Tikhonov trained as a clerk, graduating from the Petersburg School

and had to be provided with a horse also. The lower-ranking officers from serf-owning families brought a servant from home they were familiar with, particularly

1762. Olga and Pierre have loved each other since childhood, but he is a serf and not of the legal social status to marry her. Olga is encouraged to marry

Empire. Vasily Kurochkin was born in Saint Petersburg. His father, a former serf peasant who had been granted freedom and worked his way up the social ladder

of Forth is recorded as "Insula Keth" in the 12th century Life of Saint Serf. The name may derive from Innis Cheith or Innis Coit and both Mac an Tàilleir

founded by Muhibullah. Sheikh Mohsin Fani of Kashmir, a disciple of Molla Serf, celebrated Muhibullah in one of his poems. Muhibullah had invested Mohisan

estate's former manager Dasha, Renyova's maid, Ilyich, an old man, Renyova's serf; Stepanida, the latter's old wife Beautiful but worn-out Renyova arrives

owner. The homestead of a nobleman (uchelwr) was 12 Welsh acres, that of a serf (Med. eẏllt, Mod. aillt) had 8, and that of a bondsman or slave (Med. godaẏauc)

when land ownership was the basis of power. While some inhabitants were serfs who were bound to the land, others were freeholders, often known as franklins

reforms which liberated the land of Estonian serfs in 1816, did not apply to Estonian (mostly non-serf) Swedes. At certain times during Russian Estonia

farming or salt extraction communities, somewhat analogous to European serfs were gradually assimilated into Tuareg culture, maintained Tuaregs herders

production. The area serfs from Zaprešić and nearby villages took part in famous Peasant revolt of 1573, led by Ambroz Gubec, with some of the serf leaders being

week, the serf children could seek education outside agriculture, and the government control and administration was extended to the serfs. But still

story of the lovers of one another, the count's hairdresser Arkady and the serf actress Lyuba unfolds in an environment that fancifully combines dense wildness

famous. The episcopate of Maurice de Sully (1160-96), the son of a simple serf, was marked by the consecration of the Cathedral of Notre-Dame. The title

his stage name Artyom (Артём). Born in Stolpovo, Moscow Governorate to a serf peasant single mother, Artemyev managed to enroll into the Moscow Art School

MAC, N64, PS1, PSP, SAT, SNES Sequel to SimCity. 1993 The Settlers (a.k.a. Serf City: Life is Feudal) Blue Byte Fantasy AMI, DOS First title in the series

versions possessing the same powers. In this reality, Demolition Man is renamed Serf and is a member of Morgan le Fay's elite guard called the Queen's Vengeance

identified: Maltho thi afrio lito ("I say to you, I free you, serf") used to free a serf. Another old fragment of Dutch is Visc flot aftar themo uuatare

the earth, Obsequious to our will But servant-master still, The tireless serf already half a god -- —Stephen Vincent Benét, "John Brown's Body" (1928)

his masterpieces, "The Bargain" (1866), in which he depicted the sale of a serf. [citation needed] Some other paintings focused on criticisms of the Church

prominent landowner in Moscow, had a reputation for treating his 3000-plus serfs humanely. Until he was 8 years old he lived on his father's estate in Verkhni

Irish coast and seizing Christians as slaves. Ternan and Saint Serf followed Palladius. Serf was the teacher of Saint Mungo, the apostle of Strathclyde,

the Philippines. They were regarded as higher than the uripon (commoners, serfs, and slaves) but below the tumao (royal nobility) in the Visayan social

step-aunt of Han statesman Huo Guang. Wei Zifu was born of humble means to a serf family. She was the fourth child and the youngest daughter of a lowly housemaid/servant

weep, sob cry knowledge science lawyer attorney to flee to escape thrall serf, captive hearty cordial deem consider, judge harbour, haven port sunder sever

2008, pp. xi-xii. Edward Pearce, "Trading as: self-employed or New Age serf?", The Guardian, 6 August 1994, p. 25. "Bookselling can kill you", The Bookseller

the taste of wheat it is not possible to tell who produced it, a Russian serf, a French peasant or an English capitalist. Although use-values serve social

widespread during the Three Kingdoms and Unified Silla periods. Slaves/Serfs comprised no more than 10 percent of the population before the Joseon period

August 1909) was the father of Joseph Stalin. Born into a peasant family of serfs in Didi Lilo in Georgia, he moved to Tbilisi at a young age to be a shoemaker

revolt in 1514), merged in folk traditions. Before the revolt, Gubec was a serf on the estate of the landowner Ferenc Tahy. When the revolt erupted, the

of Taras Shevchenko, Ukraine's national poet and artist, who was born a serf. He introduced Shevchenko to the Russian and Ukrainian intelligentsia: artists