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searching for Reducing agent 284 found (634 total)

Ytterbium(II) chloride (98 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

compounds and other low-valence rare earth compounds, it is a strong reducing agent. It is unstable in aqueous solution, reducing water to hydrogen gas

Phosphorus triiodide (429 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

converting alcohols to alkyl iodides and also serves as a powerful reducing agent. Although PI3 is a pyramidal molecule, it has only a small molecular

Rosenmund reduction (456 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of palladium(II) chloride solution in the presence of BaSO4. Typical reducing agent is formaldehyde. While Rosenmund reduction method can be used to prepare

Charcoal (4,752 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

iron and steel production, industrial fuel, cooking and heating fuel, reducing agent in chemical processes, and as a raw material in pyrotechnics. It is

Poling (metallurgy) (388 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

the second stage (reduction or poling) begins. This involves using a reducing agent, normally natural gas or diesel (but ammonia, liquid petroleum gas,

Titanium(II) chloride (485 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

moderately, probably because of its high reactivity. Ti(II) is a strong reducing agent: it has a high affinity for oxygen and reacts irreversibly with water

Cellobiose (230 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

reducing sugar - any sugar that possesses the ability or function of a reducing agent. The chemical structure of cellobiose is derived from the condensation

Sodium hydride (1,348 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Sodium hydride is the chemical compound with the empirical formula NaH. This alkali metal hydride is primarily used as a strong yet combustible base in

Methanomicrobiales (404 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

carbon dioxide reducing methanogens, using hydrogen or formate as the reducing agent. As seen from the phylogenetic tree based on 'The All-Species Living

Sodium sulfide (1,122 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Sodium sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula Na2S, or more commonly its hydrate Na2S·9H2O. Both the anhydrous and the hydrated salts in pure

Carbonyl reduction (2,729 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

step further to primary alcohols, depending on the strength of the reducing agent. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced respectively to primary and secondary

Sodium dithionate (486 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dithionite, Na2S2O4, which is a very different compound, and is a powerful reducing agent with many uses in chemistry and biochemistry. Confusion between dithionate

Bicinchoninic acid assay (1,366 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

a proprietary thiol covalent blocking "Compatibility Reagent" aka a Reducing Agent Compatibility Agent (RACA). Although this allows greater compatibility

Calciothermic reaction (240 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

generally, thermic chemical reactions) which use calcium metal as the reducing agent at high temperature. Calcium is one of the most potent reducing agents

Flux (metallurgy) (5,560 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

In metallurgy, a flux is a chemical reducing agent, flowing agent, or purifying agent. Fluxes may have more than one function at a time. They are used

Ketyl (366 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

A ketyl group in organic chemistry is an anion radical that contains a group R2C−O•. It is the product of the 1-electron reduction of a ketone. Another

Lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (403 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

temperature in low oxygen partial pressures or in the presence of a reducing agent such as carbon. LSCF is being investigated as a material for intermediate

Ferrophosphorus (486 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

conductivity, and wear resistance. Ferrophosphorus can be used as a reducing agent to produce sodium or potassium from sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate

Dehydrogenase (2,153 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

low, so that NADPH is readily available as a reducing agent; it is more commonly used as a reducing agent than NADP+ is used as an oxidizing agent. FAD

Dithionous acid (120 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

acid of the dithionite dianion, S2O42-. Dithionite is a well-known reducing agent. Dithionic acid (H2S2O6), another unstable protonated sulfur oxide,

Dichlorophenolindophenol (386 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

be used as an indicator for vitamin C. If vitamin C, which is a good reducing agent, is present, the blue dye, which turns pink in acid conditions, is reduced

Silicothermic reaction (136 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Silicothermic reactions are thermic chemical reactions using silicon as the reducing agent at high temperature (800-1400°C). They were initially commercialized

Potassium manganate (579 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

This reaction illustrates the relatively rare role of hydroxide as a reducing agent. The concentration of K2MnO4 in such solutions can be checked by measuring

Chromium(III) bromide (282 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

only upon the addition of catalytic amounts of a reducing agent, which generates CrBr2. The reducing agent generates chromous bromide on the surface of the

Sulfinic acid (790 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which are unstable. Sulfinic Acids and Derivatives thiourea dioxide, a reducing agent used in textiles hypotaurine, a biosynthetic intermediate Rongalite

Iodometry (1,149 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Redox titration using sodium thiosulphate, Na2S2O3 (usually) as a reducing agent is known as iodometric titration since it is used specifically to titrate

Cyanonickelate (899 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

This is a Hofmann-diam-type clathrate. If the cation is a very strong reducing agent, such as Yb2+, [Ni(CN)4]2− can be reduced to [Ni2(CN)6]4− where nickel

Sodium sulfite (574 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

fixer (sodium thiosulfate) from film and photo-paper emulsions. As a reducing agent it is used in the textile industry as a bleaching, desulfurizing, and

Electrochemiluminescence (927 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

at the electrode together with the coreactant which gives a strong reducing agent after some chemical transformations (the oxidative reduction mechanism)

FNR regulon (1,423 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

FNR by O2, and a slow (constant) reactivation with glutathione as the reducing agent. Only if neither O2 nor nitrate are available, fumarate reductase and

Evans–Saksena reduction (257 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

state shown below. The intramolecular hydride delivery from the boron reducing agent forces the reduction to proceed from the opposite face of the chelating

Fukuyama indole synthesis (822 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

disubstituted indoles. Most commonly tributyltin hydride is utilized as the reducing agent, with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a radical initiator. Triethylborane

Copper hydride (2,668 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

decomposes to the elements. Copper hydride is mainly produced as a reducing agent in organic synthesis and as a precursor to various catalysts. In 1844

Triphenylarsine (318 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

reaction of arsenic trichloride with chlorobenzene using sodium as the reducing agent: AsCl3 + 3 PhCl + 6 Na → AsPh3 + 6 NaCl Reaction of triphenylarsine

Phenidone (467 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

production did not become feasible until 1951. Phenidone functions as a reducing agent. It converts to the N-phenyl-hydroxypyrazole. It is oxidized in acidic

Ilmenite (3,222 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

by a chemical reduction process using a reducing agent. Processes mainly differ in regard to the reducing agent used to transform the starting material

Trimethylolethane trinitrate (315 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

before World War II, when it was demonstrated to be an erosion and flash-reducing agent in smokeless powders. It is a liquid explosive with properties similar

Azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (2,639 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

better using a mixture of copper(II) (e.g. copper(II) sulfate) and a reducing agent (e.g. sodium ascorbate) to produce Cu(I) in situ. As Cu(I) is unstable

Copper-based reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (1,639 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

proposed in the literature is called the supplemental activator and reducing agent atom-transfer radical polymerization (SARA ATRP). The SARA ATRP is characterized

Argentaffin (255 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

salts to metallic silver (brownish-black) color without the aid of reducing agent, which is the definition of Argentaffin cells. Argentaffin cells , one

Chemical chameleon (386 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The reaction proceeds in alkaline conditions under the influence of a reducing agent. Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide can be

Group 13 hydride (232 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

they tend to form polymers. Alane(aluminum trihydride) is a strong reducing agent with octahedrally coordinated aluminium atoms. Gallane is even harder

Triethoxysilane (160 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

most silyl ethers, triethoxysilane is susceptible to hydrolysis. As reducing agent, triethoxysilane can for example be used in reduction of amides, reduction

Electroless deposition (1,900 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

a more suitable reducing agent than at pH=0 because of the lower negative standard potential which makes it a powerful reducing agent. The potential dependence

Amalgam (chemistry) (1,718 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

in organic synthesis (e.g., for the Clemmensen reduction). It is the reducing agent in the Jones reductor, used in analytical chemistry. Formerly the zinc

Corey–Itsuno reduction (1,908 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

maximum value that is dependent on the catalyst structure and borane reducing agent used. The use of the borane reagent catecholborane, which has been shown

Reductive dehalogenation of halo ketones (1,241 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

second equivalent of reducing agent leads to the formation of a metal enolate in which the oxidation state of the reducing agent has increased by one

Cobaltocene (620 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of a C–C bond between Cp rings. Co(C5H5)2 is a common one-electron reducing agent in the laboratory. In fact, the reversibility of the Co(C5H5)2 redox

Pertechnetate (2,461 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

alkaline solution. TcO− 4 is more similar to ReO− 4. Depending on the reducing agent, TcO− 4 can be converted to derivatives containing Tc(VI), Tc(V), and

Harold Ellingham (453 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

particular, he could show graphically that carbon becomes a stronger reducing agent as the temperature increases. The reduction of metal oxides with carbon

Lithium hydride (1,921 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

is less reactive with water than Li and thus is a much less powerful reducing agent for water, alcohols, and other media containing reducible solutes. This

Reductions with samarium(II) iodide (1,966 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

products through the action of samarium(II) iodide, a mild one-electron reducing agent. In 1979, Henri Kagan observed the reduction of a variety of organic

Chlorite (573 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dioxide, ClO2 is produced by reducing sodium chlorate with a suitable reducing agent such as methanol, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid or sulfur dioxide

Stieglitz rearrangement (2,201 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

any amino protons, the neutral state can be achieved with an external reducing agent, such as sodium borohydride. It reduces the iminium ion intermediate

Calcium bromide (281 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

calcium oxide, calcium carbonate with bromine in the presence of a reducing agent such as formic acid or formaldehyde: CaO + Br2 + HCO2H → CaBr2 + H2O

Equivalent concentration (602 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

equivalence factor describes the number of electrons that an oxidizing or reducing agent can accept or donate. Here, ⁠1/feq⁠ can have a fractional (non-integer)

Oxide (1,544 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

metal oxides are reduced by a chemical reagent. A common and cheap reducing agent is carbon in the form of coke. The most prominent example is that of

Zirconium(III) chloride (413 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

zirconium metal: Zr + 3 ZrCl4 → 4 ZrCl3 When aluminium is used as the reducing agent with zirconium tetrachloride, a series of choloroaluminates are formed

Bimetallic nanoparticle (1,482 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

their ionic states. To convert them into their zerovalent states a reducing agent is added. The light transition metals have lower reduction potential

Indium(III) chloride (630 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

decomposes below 0 °C, and is reacted in situ in organic synthesis as a reducing agent and to prepare tertiary amine and phosphine complexes of InH3. Trimethylindium

Thioglycolic acid (1,261 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

has a pKa of 9.3: HSCH2CO2− → −SCH2CO2− + H+ Thioglycolic acid is a reducing agent, especially at higher pH. It oxidizes to the corresponding disulfide

Ferroaluminum (386 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ferroaluminum include the deoxidation of steel, hardfacing applications, reducing agent, thermite reactions, AlNiCo magnets, and alloying additions to welding

Niobium dioxide (347 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

baddeleyite-related structure. NbO2 is insoluble in water and is a powerful reducing agent, reducing carbon dioxide to carbon and sulfur dioxide to sulfur. In

Catalytic cycle (410 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

hydrogenation. The metal oxides require some activating reagent, usually a reducing agent, to enter the catalytic cycle. Often catalytic cycles show the conversion

Wolff–Kishner reduction (4,213 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the original procedure. Reductions with sodium cyanoborohydride as reducing agent can be conducted in the presence of esters, amides, cyano-, nitro- and

Group transfer reaction (816 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which alkenes and alkynes are reduced concertedly with diimide as the reducing agent. In the generic mechanism of a reduction with diimide (Figure 3), nitrogen

DEA list of chemicals (418 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

borohydride reducing agent Sodium dichromate general-purpose oxidizing agent Sodium metal phenylacetone Sodium triacetoxyborohydride reducing agent

Ammonium hydrosulfide (575 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

bronze, and in textile manufacturing. It can be used as a selective reducing agent (cf. 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene); where there are two nitro groups, only

Sodium telluride (363 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

analogous to thiophenes: Na2Te + RC≡C-C≡CR + 2 H2O → TeC4R2H2 + 2 NaOH As a reducing agent, Na2Te converts nitro groups to amines and will cleave certain C-X bonds

Oxidizing acid (324 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

its maximum oxidation state in the sulfate ion, it cannot act as a reducing agent. Cu + 2 H2SO4 → SO2 + 2 H2O + SO2− 4 + Cu2+ Reduction potential Standard

Mordant (945 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

wool has thio groups (-SH) from the cystine amino acid, which act as reducing agent and can reduce hexavalent chromium of potassium dichromate to trivalent

Sulfur dye (766 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Sulfur Green 12. Sulfur dyes are water-insoluble. In the presence of a reducing agent and at alkaline pH at elevated temperature of around 80 °C, the dye

Cyclopentadienyl complex (818 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Variations of Cyclopentadienyl complexes Decamethylcobaltocene, a powerful reducing agent derived from "Cp*". A constrained geometry organotitanium complex An

Titration (4,676 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

on a reduction-oxidation reaction between an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent. A potentiometer or a redox indicator is usually used to determine the

Sodium arsenite (546 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

formation of cytoplasmic stress granules. Sodium arsenite can be used as a reducing agent in organic chemistry, as it is able to reduce a trihaloalkane to a

Remo (1,040 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

two plies (7 mil plies) of Mylar film with a measured layer of a ring-reducing agent applied between them at the outer edge, that gives a "fat" low pitch

Antacid (1,737 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Boulton DW, Någård M (April 2020). "A Systematic Review of Gastric Acid-Reducing Agent-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions with Orally Administered Medications"

Rubicene (225 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Reinhard. Use of bis(1,2,4,6-tetramethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-pyridinyl) as a reducing agent for the generation of organic anion radicals in EPR spectroscopy (in

Stab (171 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

from There's Nothing Wrong with Love Sodium triacetoxyborohydride, a reducing agent used in organic synthesis St. Anne's-Belfield School, a college preparatory

Kenneth G. Caulton (745 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

a stronger reducing agent. The T-shaped geometry and low coordination number of this complex suggested it would be a good reducing agent. However, Caulton's

Group 14 hydride (818 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Ge2H6. They are germanium analogues of alkanes. Stannane SnH4, a strong reducing agent slowly decomposes at room temperature to tin and hydrogen gas, and is

Cobalt(II) fluoride (510 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

usually octahedral or tetrahedral. As a 19-electron species it is a good reducing agent, fairly oxidizable into an 18-electron compound. Cobalt(II) fluoride

Bismuth(III) iodide (483 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Barbier type allylation of carbonyl compounds in combination with a reducing agent such as zinc or magnesium. John Rumble (June 18, 2018). CRC Handbook

Glucose 6-phosphate (966 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of NADP+ to NADPH increases, the body needs to produce more NADPH (a reducing agent for several reactions like fatty acid synthesis and glutathione reduction

Cyclopentadienylthallium (191 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cyclopentadienylthallium is less air sensitive. It is also much less of a reducing agent. C. Elschenbroich (2006). Organometallics. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. p. 130

Ozonolysis (1,749 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

anhydride or diketone product, not complete fragmentation as for alkenes. A reducing agent is not needed for these reactions. The mechanism is unknown. If the

Metal (11,342 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

smelted—heated with a reducing agent—to extract the pure metal. Many common metals, such as iron, are smelted using carbon as a reducing agent. Some metals, such

Acetanilide (1,028 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of time, acetanilide was introduced into medical practice as a fever-reducing agent under the name Antifebrin. It was one of the first aniline derivatives

Pnictogen hydride (666 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

well as carbon disulfide and trichloroacetic acid). Phosphine is a reducing agent. Arsine, stibine, and bismuthine are highly toxic, thermally unstable

1844 in science (704 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Adolphe Wurtz reports the first synthesis of copper hydride, a well-known reducing agent and catalyst in organic chemistry. Robert Chambers' anonymous Vestiges

Hyposulfite (122 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Kenneth L. (1989). "Reduction of Indigo: Sodium Hydrosulfite as a Reducing Agent". Journal of Chemical Education. 66 (4): 359. Bibcode:1989JChEd..66

Organosodium chemistry (1,261 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

deeply coloured radical sodium naphthalene, which is used as a soluble reducing agent: C10H8 + Na → Na+[C10H8]−• Structural studies show however that sodium

Calcium hydride (684 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

direct combination of calcium and hydrogen at 300 to 400 °C. CaH2 is a reducing agent for the production of metal from the metal oxides of Ti, V, Nb, Ta,

Hydrocarbon (2,788 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

consumed almost exclusively as fuel. Coal is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in metallurgy. A small fraction of hydrocarbon found on earth, and all

Electrometallurgy (853 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Molten Oxide Electrolysis in steelmaking is utilizing electrons as the reducing agent instead of coke as in conventional blast furnace. For steel production

Ammonium oxalate (310 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

guano. Ammonium oxalate is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent. It and other oxalates are used as anticoagulants, to preserve blood

Organocobalt chemistry (1,095 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

low-spin Co(II) complex. This 19-electron metallocene is used as a reducing agent and as a source of CpCo. Other sandwich compounds are CoCp(C6Me6) and

Methionine sulfoxide (997 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

JF, Kantorow M, Brot N, Weissbach H (2006). "Thionein can serve as a reducing agent for the methionine sulfoxide reductases". Proceedings of the National

Organozirconium and organohafnium chemistry (1,161 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Ti(III) derivatives. By the same token, Zr(II) is a particularly powerful reducing agent, forming robust dinitrogen complexes. Being a larger atom, zirconium

Reduction of nitro compounds (1,485 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

K. (1989). "LiBH4(NaBH4)/Me3SiCl, an Unusually Strong and Versatile Reducing Agent". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 28 (2): 218–220

Ammonium sulfite (413 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

production down and keep impurities out of the metals. Ammonium sulfite is a reducing agent. It emits sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen upon heating to decomposition

Thiolate-protected gold cluster (1,337 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

achieved by the reduction of gold(III) salt solutions, using a mild reducing agent in the presence of thiol compounds. This method starts with gold ions

Flux (disambiguation) (545 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

hide phishing and malware delivery sites Flux (metallurgy), a chemical reducing agent, flowing agent, or purifying agent enhancing success in soldering and

Ruthenium pentacarbonyl (236 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

originally prepared by carbonylation of ruthenium salts in the presence of a reducing agent. A more recent preparation involves photolysis of triruthenium dodecacarbonyl

Ammonium ferric citrate (330 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

notably used in the Scottish beverage Irn-Bru. Water purification As a reducing agent of metal salts of low activity like gold and silver With potassium ferricyanide

TEV protease (1,866 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

temperatures above 34 °C. The original TEV protease required the presence of reducing agent for high activity, which could interfere with the function of proteins

FFC Cambridge process (865 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

metals like titanium by reduction of the metal oxide by a molten salt reducing agent in a specific gravity apparatus. The FFC Cambridge process was developed

Chromium(III) sulfate (623 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

#10101-53-8) is a violet solid that dissolves in water upon addition of a reducing agent. Hydrated chromium(III) sulfate, Cr2(SO4)3·18H2O, (CAS #13520-66-6)

Hydroboration (1,520 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

When the addition of CO is conducted in the presence of a hydride reducing agent, the primary alcohol is produced. One example of a monoalkylborane is

Julia olefination (1,345 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

reductive variant, the adduct is usually acylated and then treated with a reducing agent, such as sodium amalgam[6][7] or SmI2.[8] Several reviews of these reactions

Atom transfer radical polymerization (4,289 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

non-radical forming reducing agents for regeneration of CuI. A good reducing agent (e.g. hydrazine, phenols, sugars, ascorbic acid) should only react with

Cystine (1,429 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

German chemist Eugen Baumann found that when cystine was treated with a reducing agent, cystine revealed itself to be a dimer of a monomer which he named "cysteïne"

Sodium metabisulfite (1,304 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

its use with the label "Contains Sulfites" in the US. It is used as a reducing agent to break sulfide bonds in shrunken items of clothing made of natural

Etidronic acid (583 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

together with polycarboxylic acid (superplasticizer), in which it acts as reducing agent. Etidronic acid is a chelating agent and may be added to bind or, to

Phosphine oxides (1,250 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Naumann; Gerald Zon; Kurt Mislow (1969). "Use of hexachlorodisilane as a reducing agent. Stereospecific deoxygenation of acyclic phosphine oxides". Journal

Benzidine (622 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

converted to 1,2-diphenylhydrazine, usually using iron powder as the reducing agent. Treatment of this hydrazine with mineral acids induces a rearrangement

Triethylaluminium (1,021 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

catalysis. They serve to activate the transition metal catalyst both as a reducing agent and an alkylating agent. TEAL also functions to scavenge water and oxygen

Potassium iodide (5,582 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

4 KI + 2 CO2 + O2 → 2 K2CO3 + 2 I2 Since the iodide ion is a mild reducing agent, I− is easily oxidised to iodine (I2) by powerful oxidising agents such

DMMDA (1,740 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

source of nitrogen, such as ammonium chloride or ammonium nitrate, and a reducing agent, such as sodium cyanoborohydride, an amalgam of mercury and aluminium

Tollens' reagent (1,093 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The underlying chemical process is called silver mirror reaction. The reducing agent is glucose (an aldehyde) for such applications. Clean glassware is required

Diselenolene metal complexes (1,061 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

with a metal precursor in the presence of a suitable reducing agent. The choice of reducing agent depends on the oxidation state of the metal ion and the

Radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer (322 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

preservative 5-10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) or β-mercaptoethanol as a reducing agent. Alcaraz C, De Diego M, Pastor MJ, Escribano JM (July 1990). "Comparison

C10H15N (99 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

149.23 g/mol, exact mass: 149.1204 u) may refer to: Diethylaniline, reducing agent/acid-absorbing base N,N-Dimethylphenethylamine, flavoring agent/stimulant

CBS catalyst (438 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

CBS catalyst (4). The oxazaborolidine was first developed as a ketone reducing agent by the laboratory of Itsuno, and thus is more properly called the Itsuno-Corey

Thiourea (1,776 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(NH2)2CS + 2 H2O2 → (NH)(NH2)CSO2H + 2 H2O Thiourea dioxideis a common reducing agent in textile processing. Thiourea has utility in practical heterocyclic

List of named alloys (1,387 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Land Rover cars. Devarda's alloy (45% Al, 50% Cu, 5% Zn): chemical reducing agent. Duralumin (copper) Hiduminium or R.R. alloys (2% copper, iron, nickel):

Spirit duplicator (1,064 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

believed that the high efficiency of trichlorofluoromethane as a flame reducing agent is due to the fact that its boiling point is sufficiently low as to

Ammonium (2,106 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

especially perchlorate are highly explosive, in these cases, ammonium is the reducing agent. In an unusual process, ammonium ions form an amalgam. Such species

Copper(I) thiocyanate (816 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

white powder. Alternatively, a thiosulfate solution may be used as a reducing agent. Copper(I) thiocyanate forms one double salt with the group 1 elements

L-DOPA (1,693 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

tyrosinase can convert tyrosine directly to l-DOPA in the presence of a reducing agent such as ascorbic acid. l-DOPA was first isolated from the seeds of the

Tetraiodide (106 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Diphosphorus tetraiodide, P2I4, an orange crystalline solid and a versatile reducing agent Germanium tetraiodide, GeI4 Iridium tetraiodide, IrI4 Niobium tetraiodide

Ferromanganese (1,105 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

often in industry. In both methods, due to the addition of carbon as an reducing agent, the alloy produced is referred to as high-carbon ferromanganese (HCFM)

Hexamethyldisilane (181 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Wurtz-like coupling of trimethylsilyl chloride in the presence of a reducing agent such as potassium graphite: 2 Me3SiCl + 2 K → Me3Si−SiMe3 + 2 KCl With

Uranium(IV) sulfate (989 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

is carried out in the sun and requires the addition of ethanol as a reducing agent. Uranium(IV) crystallizes or is precipitated by ethanol in excess. It

Bromine (7,754 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

a stronger one than iodine. Conversely, the bromide ion is a weaker reducing agent than iodide, but a stronger one than chloride. These similarities led

Plating (2,580 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

power. The reaction is accomplished when hydrogen is released by a reducing agent, normally sodium hypophosphite (Note: the hydrogen leaves as a hydride

LAH (143 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

until 1968 Lithium aluminium hydride, an inorganic compound used as a reducing agent 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler, Adolf Hitler's

Cobalt tetracarbonyl hydride (933 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

11 CO + 12 KOH → 2 KCo(CO)4 + 4 KNO3 + 3 K2CO3 + 6 H2O ...or applying a reducing agent like sodium amalgam to Co2(CO)8, which gives sodium tetracarbonylcobaltate:

Sodium pertechnetate (1,036 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

alkaline solution. TcO− 4 is more similar to ReO− 4. Depending on the reducing agent, TcO− 4 can be converted to derivatives containing Tc(VI), Tc(V), and

Rust (3,060 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

with the transfer of electrons from iron to oxygen. The iron is the reducing agent (gives up electrons) while the oxygen is the oxidizing agent (gains

Nickelocene (650 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Co(C5H5)2, with only 19 valence electrons is, however, a stronger reducing agent, illustrating the fact that electron energy, not electron count determines

Bismuth ferrite (1,719 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

low-cost method used to synthesize porous BiFeO3. In this method, a reducing agent (such glycine, citric acid, urea, etc.) and an oxidizing agent (nitrate

Magnetization roasting technology (2,074 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

appropriate amount of reducing agent. Commonly used reducing agents are C, CO, H2 and so on. The reaction of hematite with reducing agent is as follows: 3

Bis(pinacolato)diboron (271 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

proceed via boryl complexes. Bis(pinacolato)diboron can also be used as reducing agent for example in transition metal catalyzed hydrogenations of alkenes

Anoxygenic photosynthesis (1,954 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Sulfide is used as a reducing agent during photosynthesis in green and sulfur bacteria. Energy in the form of sunlight The light dependent reactions take

Actinide (11,545 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

plutonium, neutron-irradiated uranium is dissolved in nitric acid, and a reducing agent (FeSO4, or H2O2) is added to the resulting solution. This addition changes

Instant coffee (2,422 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sodium carbonate; some recipes also include potassium bromide as a fog-reducing agent. The active ingredient appears to be caffeic acid. Initial experiments

Glutathione (2,685 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

encounter high concentrations of GSH inside the cancer cell. GSH, a potent reducing agent, donates electrons to disulfide bonds in the nanogels, initiating a

Bakthan Singaram (888 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

reagent, Singaram's laboratory developed the chiral lewis acid/asymmetric reducing agent TarB-X, also known as "Singaram's reagent". TarB-X is a derivative of

Sodium chloride (3,739 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

manufacture sodium chlorate, which is then reacted with sulfuric acid and a reducing agent such as methanol to manufacture chlorine dioxide, a bleaching chemical

Kjeldahl method (1,435 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

method, another nitrogen analysis method Devarda's alloy, a powerful reducing agent for nitrate analysis Bicinchoninic acid assay, a colorimetric assay

Georges Leclanché (782 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

based on copper carbonate and then his electrical cell based on zinc reducing agent and manganese oxide oxidizing agent. His invention was rapidly adopted

Modeccin (2,553 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cell-free system. By contrast, reduction of the toxin with a disulfide reducing agent creates the opposite effects. Reduced, dissociated toxin subunits inhibit

Photographic developer (2,448 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

development (compensating developer, like Diafine) procedure where the reducing agent e.g. hydroquinone solution soaks into and swells the gelatin then the

Amine (3,799 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Staudinger reduction Organic azide This reaction also takes place with a reducing agent such as lithium aluminium hydride. Schmidt reaction Carboxylic acid

Metallocene (2,174 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

CrCl3 + 3 NaC5H5 → [(C5H5)2Cr] + 1⁄2 "C10H10" + 3 NaCl NaCp acts as a reducing agent and a ligand in this reaction. This technique provides using metal atoms

Ammonia borane (1,032 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

synthesis as an air-stable derivative of diborane. It can be used as a reducing agent in transfer hydrogenation reactions, often in the presence of a transition

Chloride process (561 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

tetrachloride (TiCl4). The oxidizing agent is molecular oxygen (O2), the reducing agent is coke. Both must be fed into the process. The titanium is fed into

Chlorine (13,115 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

stronger one than bromine. Conversely, the chloride ion is a weaker reducing agent than bromide, but a stronger one than fluoride. It is intermediate in

Antioxidant (10,796 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

antioxidant properties since the thiol group in its cysteine moiety is a reducing agent and can be reversibly oxidized and reduced. In cells, glutathione is

Reductive dechlorination (1,703 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dechlorination that is useful due to its high reaction rate. It uses H2 as the reducing agent over a range of potential electrode reactors and catalysts. Amongst

Atomic radius (2,405 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ionic radii. There is a regular decrease in their tendency to act as a reducing agent, with an increase in atomic number. The second and third rows of d-block

Silver mining (2,755 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

thiosulfate is converted to the metallic state by the action of a solid reducing agent, such a steel wool. The equipment in this process is commonly referred

Gold(III) chloride (2,195 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

nanoparticles can be prepared by reducing gold(III) chloride with a reducing agent such as sodium tetrafluoroborate, followed by stabilization with a capping

Desulfonylation reactions (2,256 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Mechanistic studies of reductions employing metal amalgams as the reducing agent suggest that upon electron transfer to the sulfone, fragmentation to

Borosilicate glass (3,686 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

hydride upon heating to produce sodium borohydride, a common laboratory reducing agent. Fused quartz is also found in some laboratory equipment when its higher

Borosilicate glass (3,686 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

hydride upon heating to produce sodium borohydride, a common laboratory reducing agent. Fused quartz is also found in some laboratory equipment when its higher

Growth medium (2,617 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Stuart transport medium is a non-nutrient soft agar gel containing a reducing agent to prevent oxidation, and charcoal to neutralize. Certain bacterial

Benzocaine (2,038 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of ethyl 4-nitrobenzoate to the amine. In industrial practice, the reducing agent is usually iron and water in the presence of a little acid. Benzocaine

Mitsunobu reaction (1,591 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Bu) have proven particularly effective. The ylide acts as both the reducing agent and the base. The byproducts are acetonitrile (6) and the trialkylphosphine

4,4'-Bipyridine (455 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

coupling reaction, followed by dimethylation to form paraquat. The reducing agent is N,N'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-4,4'-bipyridinylidene is produced by reduction

Coleophora laricella (793 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Needle blights which reduce the food supply for larva can also act as a reducing agent. Additionally, native predation and parasitism keep populations in check

Cobalt(II) chloride (2,143 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

gives cobaltocene Co(C 5H 5) 2. This 19-electron species is a good reducing agent, being readily oxidised to the yellow 18-electron cobaltocenium cation

Borylation (3,978 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

B-3-alpha-pinanyl-9-BBN as the reducing agent, which could be easily available by reacting (+)-alpha-pinene with 9-BBN. The new reducing agent was later commercialized

Wilkinson's catalyst (1,209 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ethanol. Triphenylphosphine serves as both a ligand and a two-electron reducing agent that oxidizes itself from oxidation state (III) to (V). In the synthesis

Silverquant (146 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

incubation with a gold-coupled anti-biotin conjugate, silver nitrate and a reducing agent are added. The reaction starts whereas the gold particle serves as a

1,4-Benzoquinone (1,480 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

hydroquinone, which is used in photography and rubber manufacture as a reducing agent and antioxidant. Benzoquinonium is a skeletal muscle relaxant, ganglion

Dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (358 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ions complexed within each dendrimer. After a complex has formed, a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride is introduced in a high molar excess and

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (2,126 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

liquid-phase dispersion enhancing agent in DOSY NMR as a surfactant, reducing agent, shape controlling agent and dispersant in nanoparticle synthesis and

Gel electrophoresis of proteins (2,351 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the proteins because the pKa of cysteine ranges from 8-9 and because reducing agent present in the loading buffer doesn't co-migrate with the proteins.

Tetrahydroxydiboron (327 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

rise to 220 °C to be totally free from water. Tetrahydroxydiboron is a reducing agent. A water solution slowly gives off hydrogen gas. "Hypodiboric acid"

1,1′-Bi-2-naphthol (753 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

stoichiometric ratio (1:1 BINOL/LiAlH4 instead of 2:1), the chiral reducing agent BINAL (lithium dihydrido(binaphthoxy)aluminate) is produced. It has

Glossary of biology (11,418 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

provides the chemical precursors for certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central

Bleaching of wood pulp (3,252 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

higher concentrations. It is produced by reacting sodium chlorate with a reducing agent like sulfur dioxide: 2 NaClO3 + H2SO4 + SO2 → 2 ClO2 + 2 NaHSO4 Chlorine

Diazonium compound (3,279 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dithionite is an improvement over stannous chloride since it is a cheaper reducing agent with fewer environmental problems. Alkanediazonium ions, otherwise rarely

Heme (4,397 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

biliverdin by the enzyme heme oxygenase (HO). NADPH is used as the reducing agent, molecular oxygen enters the reaction, carbon monoxide (CO) is produced

Solvated electron (2,107 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

solutions is the Birch reduction. Other reactions where sodium is used as a reducing agent also are assumed to involve solvated electrons, e.g. the use of sodium

Steelmaking (3,902 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

developing possible technology is iron ore electrolysis, where the reducing agent is electrons. One method is molten oxide electrolysis. The cell consists

Potentiometric titration (634 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

addition of the titrating solution is added, as the final amounts of reducing agent are removed and the potential corresponds solely to the oxidizing agent

Chloroauric acid (1,418 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

complexes, especially with organic ligands. Often the ligand serves as reducing agent as illustrated with thiourea, CS(NH2)2: [AuCl4]− + 3 CS(NH2)2 + H2O

Aluminium isopropoxide (815 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

esters). It was later found also to display catalytic activity as a reducing agent by Meerwein and Schmidt in the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction ("MPV")

Hans Goldschmidt (637 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Dr. Hans; Vautin, Claude (1898-06-30). "Aluminium as a Heating and Reducing Agent" (PDF). Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry. 6 (17): 543–545

Selenium compounds (1,343 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

antidandruff agent, an inhibitor in polymer chemistry, a glass dye, and a reducing agent in fireworks. Selenium trioxide may be synthesized by dehydrating selenic

Mercury(II) chloride (3,138 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

fashion to the Grignard reagent. Amalgamated aluminium is also used as a reducing agent in organic synthesis. Zinc is also commonly amalgamated using mercuric

Dehalogenimonas (317 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of 1,2,3-trichloropropane as an electron acceptor and sulfide as a reducing agent, garlic being said to repel werewolves in some fiction literature. The

Carl Marcus Olson (356 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

metals like titanium by reduction of the metal oxide by a molten salt reducing agent in a specific gravity apparatus. Dr. Olson died on May 16, 2011, at

Bromine compounds (2,379 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

either a higher halide may be reduced using hydrogen or a metal as a reducing agent, or thermal decomposition or disproportionation may be used, as follows:

Cyanidioschyzon (2,341 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

using glass beads and vortexing in a 10% glycerol buffer containing the reducing agent DTT to break disulfide bonds within proteins. This extraction will result

Iron ore (6,955 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

temperatures are higher and the time is longer and it requires more reducing agent than magnetizing roasting. Lower-grade sources of iron ore generally

Organostannane addition (977 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

compounds are usually prepared by enantioselective reduction with a chiral reducing agent such as BINAL-H. In the presence of a Lewis acid, isomerization of α-alkoxy

Iron and steel industry in the United States (1,555 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

source Iron and steel scrap 104,100,000 Iron source Coke 9,490,000 Reducing agent Lime 5,730,000 Flux Fluorspar 47,800 Flux Manganese 382,000 Alloy Chromium

Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride (1,301 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

reduced to Ru(II), and hypophosphorous acid is typically added as a reducing agent. [Ru(bpy)3]2+ is octahedral, containing a central low spin d6 Ru(II)

Vanabin (724 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(V(IV)) from orthovanadate ions (V(V)), with the use of NADPH as a reducing agent. Vanabins also transport the reduced vanadium species into the vacuoles

P-Toluenesulfonyl hydrazide (325 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

heating in solution, it degrades, releasing diimide (N2H2), a useful reducing agent. Triisopropylbenzenesulfonylhydrazide is far more useful for this reaction

Aluminium ethoxide (422 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

centers adopt tetrahedral geometry. A Aluminium triethoxide is used as a reducing agent for aldehydes and ketones, and is also used as a polymerization catalyst

Potassium permanganate (4,601 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

This reaction illustrates the relatively rare role of hydroxide as a reducing agent. Addition of concentrated sulfuric acid to potassium permanganate gives

Schädler agar (474 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

balance. L-Cysteine: acts as a reducing agent to create anaerobic conditions. Sodium thioglycolate: another reducing agent that helps maintain anaerobic

Oxygenated treatment (364 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(supercritical) 30-50 ppb (drum), 30-150 (supercritical) Chemicals added a reducing agent (such as hydrazine), ammonia to raise pH ammonia to raise pH an oxidizing

Steve Austin (character) (1,726 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Scientific Intelligence or OSI for TV) has been looking at a way of reducing agent casualties. Their solution is to take a severely injured man, rebuild

Xingang Port oil spill (1,073 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

appeared to have been caused by the injection of a highly oxidizing sulfur reducing agent into a pipeline. On July 20, 2010, China Fire Services [zh] Dalian Fire

Etynodiol diacetate (1,282 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the formation of the desired isomer is engendered by use of a bulky reducing agent, lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride. Acetylation of the 3β,17β-diol

Roskamp reaction (1,023 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

through ozonolysis, where tin(II) chloride would serve as both the reducing agent in the ozonolysis step as well as the Lewis acid catalyst in the Roskamp

Bioleaching (2,363 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Copper is the oxidising agent (it accepts electrons), and iron is the reducing agent (it loses electrons).[citation needed] Traces of precious metals such

Sodium compounds (1,531 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

trityl sodium ((C6H5)3CNa). Sodium naphthalene, Na+[C10H8•]−, a strong reducing agent, forms upon mixing Na and naphthalene in ethereal solutions. Sodium

Salt (chemistry) (6,953 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

smelting or electrolysis, in which redox reactions occur (often with a reducing agent such as carbon) such that the metal ions gain electrons to become neutral

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (4,322 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of which require FMN, but are divided on their need for NADPH as a reducing agent. The proposed mechanism for CS involves radical species. The radical

Titanium (8,956 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

catalyst for production of polyolefins (see Ziegler–Natta catalyst) and a reducing agent in organic chemistry. Owing to the important role of titanium compounds

GSTP1 (628 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Transferase in complex with S-nitrosoglutathione in the absence of reducing agent 2gss: HUMAN GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE P1-1 IN COMPLEX WITH ETHACRYNIC

Low-molecular-weight heparin (3,060 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

This can subsequently be converted to anhydromannitol using a suitable reducing agent, as shown in figure 1. Likewise, chemical and enzymatic beta-elimination

Lodwrick Cook (677 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dollar pump station burned, Cook proposed a solution of injecting a drag reducing agent to speed the flow, a success when implemented and resulting in the savings

Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu (1,293 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

discovery and development of tris(trimethylsilyl)silane as radical-based reducing agent (Fluka prize “Reagent of the Year 1990”) a breakthrough solution to

Zymography (826 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

prepared in a standard, non-reducing loading buffer for SDS-PAGE. No reducing agent or boiling are necessary since these would interfere with refolding

Singlet oxygen (2,967 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

true ene reaction. Abbreviations, step 1: H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; Na2MoO4 (catalyst), sodium molybdate. Step 2: Na2SO3 (reducing agent), sodium sulfite.

Tin (9,194 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

chemistry. In the largest application, stannous chloride is a common reducing agent for the conversion of nitro and oxime groups to amines. The Stille reaction

History of the steel industry (1970–present) (1,292 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Other alternatives are the use of biomass, plastic waste or hydrogen as reducing agent in the blast furnace instead of coal. A modern steel plant employs very

6-Amyl-α-pyrone (379 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to yield the flavoring compound δ-decalactone. In presence of strong reducing agent like lithium aluminium hydride, the double bonds of the ring get saturated

Perm (hairstyle) (4,563 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

sulfite, bisulfite or metabisulfite to Icall reagents, sulfur dioxide, a reducing agent, being evolved on heating. The only alternative to sulfites at the time

NBOMe-mescaline (575 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

5-trimethoxyphenylacetonitrile with Lithium Aluminium Hydride as a reducing agent. NBOMe-mescaline is not listed in the schedules set out by the United

Cobalt boride (541 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

(January 1953). "Sodium Borohydride, Its Hydrolysis and its Use as a Reducing Agent and in the Generation of Hydrogen". Journal of the American Chemical

Lithal (66 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4), also abbreviated to LAH, a powerful reducing agent used in organic synthesis Lithalsa, a term sometimes used in geomorphology

Glycolysis (8,731 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

being gluconeogenesis. During fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis the reducing agent is NADPH. This difference exemplifies a general principle that NADPH

Mercury (element) (13,395 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

amalgams with mercury include platinum. Sodium amalgam is a common reducing agent in organic synthesis, and is also used in high-pressure sodium lamps

Kastle–Meyer test (1,208 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

heme, however a false negative can be generated in the presence of a reducing agent. The test is unable to give specific evidence as to what is in the blood

Sodium silicate (4,576 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

obtained also from sodium sulfate (melting point 884 °C) with carbon as a reducing agent: 2x Na 2SO 4 + C + 2 SiO 2 → 2 (Na 2O) x·SiO 2 + 2 SO 2 + CO 2 In 1990

Nitrogen (12,185 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to give nitrogen and water vapour. It is a very useful and versatile reducing agent and is a weaker base than ammonia. It is also commonly used as a rocket

Latia neritoides (826 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

formate. The chemical reaction is like this: XH2 is a reducing agent. The reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme luciferase and a purple protein

Ferritic stainless steel (796 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

around 1912, on the basis of "using silicon instead of carbon as a reducing agent in metal production, thus making low-carbon ferroalloys and certain

Copper extraction (7,385 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

referred to as poling is done by blowing natural gas, or some other reducing agent, through the molten copper oxide. When this flame burns green, indicating

Ferredoxin (3,268 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

highly reducing ferredoxins are reduced either by using another strong reducing agent, or by using some source of energy to "boost" electrons from less reducing

3-Aminoacetanilide (256 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Harrison, Justin R.; Moody, Christopher J. (2001). "Indium metal as a reducing agent in organic synthesis". Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions

Thermite (5,783 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Goldschmidt, Hans; Vautin, Claude (30 June 1898). "Aluminium as a Heating and Reducing Agent" (PDF). Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry. 6 (17): 543–545

Sodium tungsten bronze (939 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Microwave synthesis is also possible, using tungsten powder as the reducing agent. Hydrothermal (both batch and flow) syntheses are also possible. The

Benzylic activation in tricarbonyl(arene)chromium complexes (745 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

corresponding diamine coupling are possible in the presence of a one-electron reducing agent such as samarium(II) iodide. Benzylic cations of chromium arene complexes

Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (1,314 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to a trichome, heterocysts import carbohydrates which may act as a reducing agent and an energy source for nitrogen fixation. It has been shown that heterocysts

Reductions with diimide (966 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and hydrazine is a competing process that significantly degrades the reducing agent. Many groups that are ordinarily sensitive to reductive conditions,

John Hall Gladstone (1,494 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

long since found its way into every laboratory in the world, and as a reducing agent has met with applications not only in connection with carbon compounds

Pyridine (7,673 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

esters. Pyridine-borane (C5H5NBH3, melting point 10–11 °C) is a mild reducing agent. Transition metal pyridine complexes are numerous. Typical octahedral

Iodine (11,656 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of iodine atoms. Similarly, the iodide anion, I−, is the strongest reducing agent among the stable halogens, being the most easily oxidised back to diatomic

Corex Process (735 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

containing up to 80% lump ore and uses non-coking coal directly as a reducing agent. In the reduction shaft the iron ore, along with limestone and dolomite

Americium (9,374 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

this purpose. The reaction was conducted using elemental barium as reducing agent in a water- and oxygen-free environment inside an apparatus made of

Iron (16,921 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the formation of iron complexes and magnetic iron oxides, and as a reducing agent in organic synthesis. Sodium nitroprusside is a drug used as a vasodilator

Group 12 element (7,435 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

include tantalum, tungsten and platinum. Sodium amalgam is a common reducing agent in organic synthesis, and is also used in high-pressure sodium lamps

Selenium (11,121 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

antidandruff agent, an inhibitor in polymer chemistry, a glass dye, and a reducing agent in fireworks. Selenium trioxide may be synthesized by dehydrating selenic

Infrared photography (6,252 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

by the appropriate wavelengths of light in each layer react with a reducing agent to form metallic silver particles. The unexposed grains are then sensitized

Trust (social science) (8,182 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

negative course of action is not considered at all. Hence trust acts as a reducing agent of social complexity, allowing for cooperation. Sociology tends to focus

Nanoshell (1,712 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mixture of gold-seeded silica particles and gold-plating solution and reducing agent solution to the microfluidic device while nitrogen gas was delivered

Iron-rich sedimentary rocks (2,062 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of iron. This form of iron gives up electrons easily and is a mild reducing agent. These compounds are more soluble because they are more mobile. Fe3+

Cockenzie power station (2,534 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

unit until repairs are carried out. Hydrazine was added and used as a reducing agent to remove excess oxygen from the water. Free oxygen atoms in the water

ALC-0315 (782 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

condensed with a lipid aldehyde, using sodium triacetoxyborohydride as the reducing agent to convert the intermediate imines to the amine of the product. 2

Gated drug delivery systems (2,398 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

common reducing agent used in gated delivery system is glutathione (GSH) because it has been determined that GSH is the most abundant reducing agent in the

Methanobactin (922 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

several medical and environmental applications as a metal chelator and reducing agent. The mechanism of metal reduction is currently undetermined. It has

Textile bleaching (2,135 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Reductive bleaching is done with sodium hydrosulphite, a powerful reducing agent. Fibres like polyamides, polyacrylics and polyacetates can be bleached

Fatty acid metabolism (5,561 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Note that during fatty synthesis the reducing agent is NADPH, whereas NAD is the oxidizing agent in beta-oxidation (the

Battery recycling (6,486 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

typically using acids (such as sulfuric acid) and hydrogen peroxide as a reducing agent. This is followed by selective precipitation of the metals as salts

Ferrous metallurgy (9,109 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

: 145 Early iron smelting used charcoal as both the heat source and the reducing agent. By the 18th century, the availability of wood for making charcoal was

Lanthanide (10,480 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ethers, e.g. TmI2(dimethoxyethane)3. Samarium(II) iodide is a useful reducing agent. Ln(II) complexes can be synthesized by transmetalation reactions. The

Great Oxidation Event (9,611 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

molecular oxygen into the atmosphere in the absence of ferrous iron as a reducing agent. Black laminated shales, rich in organic matter, are often regarded

Group 7 element (9,014 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

natural gas provides the heat (needs to be at least 850 °C) and the reducing agent (carbon monoxide). This reduces all of the manganese ore to manganese

Bacterioplankton (4,428 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

organisms do not produce oxygen through photosynthesis or use water as a reducing agent. Many of these organisms use sulfur, hydrogen or other compounds as

Rieke metal (1,137 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

naphthalene or biphenyl. This method can be used with lithium as the reducing agent, even at room temperature, and is therefore less hazardous than the

Amphibolic (1,229 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

reduced to NADH. Whereas in anabolism the coenzyme NADPH serves as the reducing agent and is converted to its oxidized form NADP+. Citric acid cycle has two

2,3,4-Pentanetrione (854 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

formula CH3COC(OH)2COCH3 is colourless. 2,3,4-Pentanetrione is a strong reducing agent. Thermal decomposition catalyzed by copper sulfate results in carbon

Essential tremor (8,040 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

caprylic acid in the body and that caprylic acid actually was the tremor-reducing agent. Many studies of the effects of caprylic acid on essential tremor have

Abiological nitrogen fixation using homogeneous catalysts (1,123 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

phosphine-NHC-phosphine) complex exhibits >1000 turnovers when the reducing agent is samarium(II) iodide and the proton source is methanol. Iron complexes

Α-Methyltryptamine (3,942 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1-(3-indolyl)-2-nitropropene-1, the product can subsequently be reduced using a reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride The alternative synthesis is the condensation

Amphetamine (32,019 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

formamide, either using additional formic acid or formamide itself as a reducing agent, yields N-formylamphetamine. This intermediate is then hydrolyzed using

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (4,725 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

may optionally be briefly heated to near boiling in the presence of a reducing agent, such as dithiothreitol (DTT) or 2-mercaptoethanol (beta-mercaptoethanol/BME)

Peptide-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase (528 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

JF, Kantorow M, Brot N, Weissbach H (2006). "Thionein can serve as a reducing agent for the methionine sulfoxide reductases". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S

Nanowire (6,796 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

technique, the polyol synthesis, ethylene glycol is both solvent and reducing agent. This technique is particularly versatile at producing nanowires of

Teruaki Mukaiyama (2,170 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of his career. In the original reaction, the phosphine served as the reducing agent by accepting oxygen, while the mercury(II) was the oxidation agent that

Tetramethylurea (1,190 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1002/ange.19790910707 A.J. Chalk (1970), "The use of sodium hydride as a reducing agent in nitrogen-containing solvents I. The reduction of chlorosilanes in

Mining in Roman Britain (3,420 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

components of galena are decomposed to create lead. Sulfide is the reducing agent in this reaction, and fuel is only needed for high temperature maintenance

Titanium biocompatibility (1,800 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

below, solid titanium prefers to undergo oxidation, making it a better reducing agent. Titanium naturally passivates, forming an oxide film that becomes heterogeneous

DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase (1,723 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

enzymes could be trapped on both pre-incised and unincised AP DNA by a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride. Furthermore, the catalytic mechanism of