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Longer titles found: List of Protestant Reformers (view)

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Lazarus Spengler (13 March 1479 in Nuremberg – 7 September 1534 in Nuremberg) was a prominent supporter of Martin Luther and leader of the Protestant Reformation

Justus Jonas, the Elder (5 June 1493 – 9 October 1555), or simply Justus Jonas, was a German Lutheran theologian and reformer. He was a Jurist, Professor

Paul Speratus (13 December 1484 – 12 August 1551) was a Swabian Catholic priest who became a Protestant preacher, reformer and hymn-writer. In 1523, he

Wolfgang Dachstein (1487–1553) was a German organist, composer, and lyricist. He was born in Offenburg. From 1503 Dachstein studied Music and Theology

Otto Brunfels (also known as Brunsfels or Braunfels) (believed to be born in 1488 – 23 November 1534) was a German theologian and botanist. Carl von Linné

meaning "in Christ alone") is one of the five solae that summarize the Protestant Reformers' basic belief that salvation is by faith in Christ alone. Through

Melchior Hoffman (or Hofmann c. 1495 – c. 1543) was a German Anabaptist, radical lay preacher and reformer in northern Europe. He began his career as an

Conrad Grebel (c. 1498 – 1526) was a co-founder of the Swiss Brethren movement. Conrad Grebel was born, probably in Grüningen in the canton of Zürich,

Johannes Bugenhagen (24 June 1485 – 20 April 1558), also called Doctor Pomeranus by Martin Luther, was a German theologian and Lutheran priest who introduced

Felix Manz (also Felix Mantz) (c. 1498 – 5 January 1527) was an Anabaptist, a co-founder of the original Swiss Brethren congregation in Zürich, Switzerland

Bernhard (or Bernard) Rothmann (c. 1495 – c. 1535) was a 16th-century radical and Anabaptist leader in the city of Münster. He was born in Stadtlohn, Westphalia

Stephan Praetorius (or Prætorius) (German: Stephan Prätorius; 3 May 1536, in Salzwedel – 4 May 1603, in Salzwedel) was a German Lutheran theologian and

Erasmus Alberus (c. 1500 – 5 May 1553) was a German humanist, Lutheran reformer, and poet. He was born in the village of Bruchenbrücken (now part of Friedberg

Caspar Olevian (or Kaspar Olevianus; 10 August 1536 – 15 March 1587) was a significant German Reformed theologian during the Protestant Reformation and

Stephan Agricola (c. 1491–1547) was a Lutheran church reformer. Born in Abensberg, at a young age he joined the Augustinian order. As a monk, he studied

Konrad Heresbach (28 August 1496 – 14 October 1576) was a Rhenish Reformer, Calvinist, humanist and educator. Konrad or Conrad Heresbach was born at Manor

Johannes Mathesius (June 24, 1504 – October 7, 1565), also called Johann Mathesius or John Mathesius, was a German minister and a Lutheran reformer. He

Niklaus Manuel Deutsch (Niklaus Manuel, c. 1484 – 28 April 1530), of Bern, was a Swiss artist, writer, mercenary and Reformed politician. Niklaus was most

Johann Eberlin von Günzburg (c. 1470 – 1533) was a German theologian and reformer who became prominent as the author of reformist flysheets and pamphlets

Johannes Saliger (also identified as John Saliger, Johannes Seliger or Johann Beatus) was a sixteenth century radical Lutheran theologian and controversialist

Magdalena Heymair (variously Heymairin, Haymerin, Haymairus; c. 1535 – after 1586) was a teacher and Lutheran evangelical poet who wrote in the Middle

Johannes Oecolampadius (also Œcolampadius, in German also Oekolampadius, Oekolampad; 1482 – 24 November 1531) was a German Protestant reformer in the Calvinist

Nicolaus Gallus (also Hahn) (c. 1516 – June 1570) was leader of the Lutheran Reformation in Regensburg. Gallus was born in Köthen. At Wittenberg, where

Jörg vom Haus Jacob (Georg Cajacob, or George of the House of Jacob), commonly known as George Blaurock (c. 1491 – September 6, 1529), was an Anabaptist

Caspar Aquila (sometimes Kaspar or Gaspar Aquila; 7 August 1488 – 12 November 1560), born Johann Kaspar Adler, was a German Lutheran theologian and reformer

Simon Sulzer (23 September 1508 – 22 June 1585) was a Reformed theologian, Reformer, and Antistes of the Basel church. Sulzer was born in Schattenhalb

Thomas Wyttenbach (c.1472; after 21 September 1526) was one of the reformers of the city of Biel, Switzerland, during the Protestant Reformation. Wyttenbach

Thomas Grynaeus (born Thomas Griner; 1512, Veringendorf – 2 August 1564 Rötteln) was a theologian, reformer and pastor. Thomas Grynaeus grew up the son

Christoph Pezel (5 March 1539 – 24 February 1604) was an influential Reformed Theologian who introduced the Reformed confession to Nassau-Dillenburg and

Johann Heß (or Hess) (23 September 1490 – 5 January 1547) was a German Lutheran theologian and Protestant Reformer of Breslau (Wroclaw). Heß was born in

Georg Grünwald, also Grüenwald, (c. 1490 – 1530) was a German Protestant reformer and hymn writer. He was born in Kitzbühel c. 1490. According to a chronicle

Johann Glandorp (August 1, 1501 in Münster - February 22, 1564 in Herford) was a German humanist, educator, poet, theologian, and reformer. Glandorp was

Ludwig Haetzer (also Ludwig Hetzer, Ludwig Hätzer and sometimes Ludwig Hatzer) (1500 – 4 February 1529) was an Anabaptist. He wrote against the uses of

Adolf Clarenbach (or Klarenbach) (c. 1497 – 28 September 1529), burnt at the stake in Cologne, died as one of the first Protestant martyrs of the Reformation

Martin Schalling the Elder (died 27 February 1552 in Strasbourg) was a Protestant theologian and reformer. Schalling was born in Ortenberg but as a friend

Heinrich von Kettenbach (fl. 1521-1522) was a Franciscan friar who became a preacher and Protestant reformer in the early German Reformation. Almost nothing

well as in a window at Laon Cathedral. In the early 16th century, Protestant reformers began to discourage Marian art, and some, like John Calvin and Zwingli

Hieronymus Baumgartner, also von Paumgartner or Baumgärtner (9 March 1498, Nuremberg - 8 December 1565, Nuremberg) was a Bürgermeister, and a major contributor

Andreas Althamer (also Andreas Altheimer) (c. 1500 – c. 1539) was a German humanist and Lutheran reformer. He was born in Brenz. He studied at the universities

Sebastian Hofmeister (1476, Schaffhausen, Switzerland – June 26, 1533, Zofingen), known in writing as Oeconomus or Oikonomos, was a Swiss monk and religious

Ulrich Hugwald (Udalricus Hugualdus, Huldaricus Mutius Hugwaldus; 1496–1571) was a Swiss humanist scholar and Reformer. Born in Wilen near Bischofszell

Joan Wilkinson developed a friendship with him, and with other Protestant reformers including John Bradford, Nicholas Ridley, Hugh Latimer, and Thomas

Catholic Church would move closer to some of the thinking of the Protestant reformers. Flaminio grew up in Serravalle, a small village in the Veneto (in

are almost no remains of the abbey, much of it being burned by the Protestant reformers. A collection of its charters has survived. There is a heavily ruined

Otto Zeinenger (1513–1576) was an obscure yet influential theologian of the early Reformation. Born in Germany and ordained in the Catholic Church, he

1985). He was befriended with George Spalatin and other important Protestant reformers, and his translation of the Magelone shows the influence of Protestantism

Union, it further exacerbated long standing tensions between the Protestant reformers and the adherents of the Catholic Church which thereafter began to

Blow it Out refers to a series of engravings featuring a set of Protestant reformers seated around a candle on a table. The central figure is Martin Luther

education that had become significant in the Renaissance was shared by Protestant reformers. Boys might attend the grammar schools or ordinary parish schools

becoming clearly non-canonical after it was rejected by both the Protestant reformers and the Catholic Council of Trent in the early modern era.[citation

Coeffeteau won considerable distinction in the controversy against the Protestant reformers and also wrote a History of Rome from Augustus to Constantine. Many

John Awdelay, a volume of translations from the German and Swiss Protestant reformers, A Famous and Godly History. The book is divided into two parts,

Philip Melanchthon, and Huldrych Zwingli, three of the leading Protestant reformers. Texts in the CR are written in either Latin, French or German (using

condemned the practice until 1930, and that some of the most famous Protestant reformers — Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, and Knox — had condemned it strongly.

Thomas Aderpul was a preacher of the Protestant Reformation who taught an extreme form of egalitarian religious polity; consequently, the German Democratic

Bartholomew Teeling in the Society of United Irishmen, formed in 1791 by Protestant reformers in Belfast. In defiance of the Ascendancy Parliament in Dublin, and

Counter-Reformation, the Catholic fight against the birth of Protestantism. Protestant reformers such as Zwingli in Zurich and Calvin in Geneva divided the predominantly

Quaker businessman, bibliophile and biographer of early Spanish Protestant reformers. The second son of John Wiffen, ironmonger, and his wife Elizabeth

and divine, and is attempting things unutterable, execrable. Many Protestant reformers, including Martin Luther, John Calvin, Thomas Cranmer, John Knox

of Trent. The institution of the papacy underwent attacks by many Protestant reformers, including Martin Luther. Luther, who had spent time in Rome, claimed

three sons, James, John and Robert, were among the earliest Scottish Protestant reformers. They united to write the famous Guide and Godlie Ballads which were

the Protestant Propagandists heretical. They disagreed with the Protestant Reformers and the messages that they were presenting to the public. The majority

joked that these jesters were Catholic only because they knew that Protestant Reformers would abolish the jester-profession if they came to power. She was

advanced for its time, featuring Copernicus and Paracelsus as well as Protestant reformers. The portraits have been attributed to the London guild painter Thomas

affirmation of the Nicene Creed. Facing charges of heresy, many Protestant reformers realised that establishing their orthodoxy was paramount. Unlike

Assured Scots were Scottish people who pledged to support English plans for Mary, Queen of Scots to marry Edward VI of England during the war of the Rough

published work, much indebted to McFadden but with additional material, "Protestant Reformers in Elizabethan Oxford", Oxford 1983, pp 119–122. MacCulloch notes

1535 Latymer was arrested at Sandwich, bringing forbidden books of Protestant reformers into the country. Anne Boleyn was already detained on the charges

Johann Ruchrat von Wesel "The forms of communication employed by the Protestant Reformers and especially Luther and Calvin" (PDF). Pharos Journal of Theology

lofts, Easter Sepulchres were the object of iconoclastic fury by the Protestant Reformers, and few are left. There are throughout Great Britain many fine examples

June 1559 the friars were "expelled from their destroyed place" by Protestant reformers. This was part of a general movement, associated with the Scottish

White Horse Tavern, Cambridge, an alleged meeting place for English Protestant reformers White Horse Tavern (Boston, Massachusetts) White Horse Tavern (New

1781). In the following century, this was challenged again by the Protestant Reformers, including Martin Luther, John Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli. The Council

the basis of one of the criticisms launched against the Church by Protestant reformers. Afterward, the first Church-wide catechism in 1566 provided "thorough

references to purgatory, and one that was attacked by the early Protestant reformers. Schweizer agrees and states that the waiting reference is simply

speculation about original sin into the official lexicon of the Church. Protestant Reformers such as Martin Luther and John Calvin equated original sin with concupiscence

Mike Megrove (2017). "The forms of communication employed by the Protestant Reformers and especially Luther and Calvin" (PDF). Pharos Journal of Theology

binding on Catholics and does not inform any new doctrine. Some Protestant Reformers held different views, and taught that the miraculous gifts (including

– he was particularly suspicious of Gonville Hall—and the early Protestant reformers. He expressed anxiety about the distribution of William Tyndale's

Lichfield and Coventry, on 18 November 1554. He vigorously opposed the Protestant Reformers, and features largely in Foxe's Book of Martyrs, conducting many

Protestant reformers destroyed much religious art and Marian statues and paintings in churches in northern Europe and England. Some of the Protestant

shaped not only the Western Middle Ages, but it also influenced the Protestant reformers, who constantly referred to his teaching in their own debates. His

Calvinist. The work repeats slurs against John Knox and continental Protestant reformers. Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1886). "Burne, Nicol" . Dictionary of National

Church and visible Church as one and the same thing, unlike the later Protestant reformers who did not identify the Catholic Church as the true church. He was

good and reasonable cause for doing so." In the 16th century, the Protestant Reformers expressed opposition to any Mass without a congregation, but the

refutation of John Piper's article "Total Depravity" "What do the Protestant Reformers Mean by 'Total Depravity'?" by Victor Shepherd Many articles from

definition of the Catholic canon in 1546. In the 16th century, the Protestant reformers challenged the canonicity of the books and partial-books found in

James (1810). "Mr John Douglas". A history of the lives of the Protestant reformers in Scotland. Edinburgh: Printed for John Ogle, by James Ballantyne

Mike Megrove (2017). "The forms of communication employed by the Protestant Reformers and especially Luther and Calvin" (PDF). Pharos Journal of Theology

Westminster Hall in London with nine leading Catholic churchmen, and nine Protestant reformers of the Church of England. The conference adjourns on April 3 for

Albert of Prussia. Below it were niches containing statues of the Protestant reformers Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon. Inside was a handsome staircase

that John Paul II teaches a Eucharist doctrine closer to what the Protestant reformers [Luther, Melancthon] themselves advocated than to what they condemned

Örebro Synod, and was noted to have changed their sympathies to the Protestant reformers. The same year, Anna Germundsdotter chose to resign as abbess and

at the Lutheran University he met Martin Luther and other early Protestant reformers in Wittenberg. He also took care of the library of Erasmus bought

numbers of members of the Orange Order and the congregation of the Protestant Reformers Church of which he was the Pastor. Traditionally the "Orange vote"

development of organised legal procedures for dealing with heretics. Protestant reformers in the 16th century often pointed to the Cathar and Waldensian movements

rule and women's role in politics was itself controversial for some Protestant reformers, most famously in The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous

Adam and Eve was of fundamental importance to sixteenth-century Protestant reformers who sought to ground Christian belief and salvation in the free grace

Scott, James (1810). "Mr John Row". A history of the lives of the Protestant reformers in Scotland. Edinburgh: Printed for John Ogle, by James Ballantyne

throne. Christian II had supported both the Roman Catholics and Protestant Reformers at various times. In opposition to Christian III, Count Christopher

elector and as an early adherent of Luther was soon prominent among Protestant reformers. As his nickname "The Steadfast" indicates, he resolutely continued

Scott (b. 1769), a merchant in Glasgow A History of the Lives of the Protestant Reformers in Scotland (1810) History ofr the Life and Death of John, Earl of

Morality of Usury: A Study of the Differences That Separated the Protestant Reformers. University Press of America. p. 53. Doherty, Sean. Theology and

Authentic Geneva Bible from 1578. Translation of the Bible used by many Protestant Reformers

church-state relationship that had been taken for granted by the [Protestant] Reformers. Anabaptists hold that the entire Bible is the word of God, while

fourteenth century. Founded as a chantry school, it fell foul of the Protestant reformers and was only saved from destruction under the Chantries Act of Edward

relinquish its claims to Calais and the surrounding area. On 8 May 1562, Protestant reformers took the city of Le Havre, looted churches, and expelled Catholics

1655), Christ Receiving the Children, Art Institute of Chicago. Protestant reformers emphasized the place of children in the believing community, leading

in 1508 and living there until the establishment was destroyed by Protestant reformers in 1559. Several works in The Carver Choirbook refer to the composer

scriptural and traditional. As did the Early Church, almost all prominent Protestant reformers like Martin Luther and John Calvin affirmed their belief in the perpetual

doctrine was carnal. Amillennialism was the dominant view of the Protestant Reformers. The Lutheran Church formally rejected chiliasm in The Augsburg Confession—"Art

became symbols of political and religious alliances in England. Protestant reformers such as the Puritans saw wreaths and the holidays they were associated

hosts, which were important objects of devotion until destroyed by Protestant reformers in 1558. Soergel, Philip M., Wondrous in His Saints: Counter-Reformation

which in his estimation lay outside the canon of the Bible, and the Protestant Reformers, following Jerome's catalogue of Old Testament Scriptures—one which

up alongside, ensuring a flourishing economy. In Amsterdam, the Protestant reformers were particularly opposed to the ‘idolatry’ of the Host and the ‘Roman

and is having an affair with a man in the king's service which the Protestant reformers seize as their opportunity to rid themselves of the Catholic faction

her time and was keenly absorbed and engaged with the ideas of the Protestant Reformers, but the extent to which she herself was a committed Protestant is

English anthems, most of which are à 4, comply with the demands of the Protestant reformers for simplicity, clear, audible words and largely syllabic text-underlay

lived for her early adult life as a nun in Metz. After the ideas of Protestant reformers began to circulate in the region, she left the convent and moved

Böhmer in 1853. He argues against Luther, Zwingli and the other Protestant reformers, and claimed that Protestantism was responsible for the general unrest

what it see as its worldliness, and to take up the mantle of the Protestant reformers in recovering the centrality of worship and doctrine in the life

by fire in 1871. Cranach, like his patron, was friendly with the Protestant Reformers at a very early stage; yet it is difficult to fix the time of his

protector of the arts. It was he who commenced the struggle against the Protestant reformers, which his successors carried forth, especially Gerard of Groesbeeck

who regarded the canon as already closed. In the 16th century, the Protestant reformers sided with Jerome; yet although most Protestant Bibles now have only

developed in opposition to Roman Catholic views or to the views of other Protestant reformers such as Martin Luther and Huldrych Zwingli. Some of the followers

leading Catholic churchmen, including five bishops, and nine prominent Protestant reformers of the Church of England. Catholics: The bishops Ralph Baynes, John

by the Abbot of Dunfermline, George Durie, to safeguard them from protestant reformers; initially they went to his rural estate at Craigluscar. In 1560

shillings. Already by 1526 he was in contact with the literature of the Protestant reformers, and he may have been the courier who brought a work of Johannes

of deepest regret and the firmest sorrow for one's wrongdoings. Protestant Reformers, upholding the doctrine of justification by faith alone, held that

other religious houses of Perth were attacked and destroyed by Protestant "reformers"; one of the brothers was killed, four others fled abroad, while

place between the first half of 1549 and May 1551. During this time, Protestant reformers brought change to England's religious laws, but some resisted these

1766 Animadversions by Neve, who had defended the characters of Protestant reformers, in later editions of the History. The biography stayed near to its

Monstruous Regiment of Women) taught this association. Most early Protestant Reformers believed, and the modern Seventh-day Adventist Church teaches, that

this as an attack on chastity, but Erasmus had found favor with Protestant reformers who acknowledged the argument as a useful tool to undermine compulsory

silkwoman in Anne Boleyn's household, and was close friends with leading Protestant reformers, most notably the Oxford Martyrs: Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas

and particularly in the monastic orders, is not unlike that of the Protestant reformers. He shows acquaintance with many phases of life. He describes the

degree of doctor of medicine. Bomelius was well received by English Protestant reformers, and contributed in Latin elegiacs to an edition of Thomas Becon's

century, the movement spread to southern and western Germany. The Protestant Reformers, including Martin Luther and John Calvin, were influenced by the

from the direct study of Biblical sources even further than the Protestant reformers only into conflict not only with the established Churches over the

traditions, particularly those influenced by the more liturgical Protestant reformers (such as Martin Luther) rather than the more extreme reformers (such

1560s and that it represented a clandestine sermon as held by the Protestant reformers of that time. Pieter the Younger changed some details of his father's

name Isra-'el) is common in Protestant theology, endorsed by the Protestant reformers Martin Luther and John Calvin (although Calvin believed the event

Reformation a great divergence arose between the Catholic Church and the Protestant Reformers of the north regarding the content and style of art work. The Catholic

Catholic Church and the authority of the pope. For the liturgy, Protestant reformers advocated replacing Latin with English, greater lay participation

Hesse, John Calvin, Phillip Melanchthon and other prominent German Protestant reformers, that a Protestant university should be formed. This became the University

wrote the first Slovene books Abecednik and Katekizem, and other Protestant Reformers, that formed the modern Slovene language out of the dialects of three

Dunfermline by Abbot George Durie to safeguard them from the attacks of Protestant reformers; initially they went to the rural estate at Craigluscar then abroad

lively. During the Reformation in 16th- and 17th-century Europe, Protestant reformers like Martin Luther changed the Saint gift bringer to the Christ Child

for his recusancy. After the accession of Elizabeth I, with the Protestant reformers once more dominant, Parker, in turn, accused Sussex of a lack of

frequently sold into prostitution. Mui tsais became a target for Protestant reformers in San Francisco. The Presbyterian Mission House in San Francisco's

pictures of Mary should be venerated. In the early 16th century, Protestant reformers began to discourage Marian art, and some like John Calvin or Zwingli

and to their Protestant religion. James I fulfilled the efforts of Protestant reformers who had been supporting the distribution of Bibles in common language

contrast to the individualistic interpretations promoted by some Protestant reformers. Doctrinal Clarification: Scholastic thinkers worked on clarifying

title "sister" to refer to a senior nurse. During the Reformation, Protestant reformers shut down monasteries and convents, allowing a few hundred municipal

Radicals were heavily influenced by religious ideals, and many were Protestant reformers who saw slavery as evil and the Civil War as God's punishment for

Historicist biblical interpretation was the viewpoint of most major Protestant Reformers, beginning with the accusations of Martin Luther. Refuting these

there was no breach of correspondence or of kindliness. Of all the Protestant Reformers, Heinrich Bullinger was Sozzini's closest intimate, his warmest and

her vault. Assessments of Mary in the 16th century divided between Protestant reformers such as George Buchanan and John Knox, who vilified her mercilessly

of the conflict. Despite the oppression in Besançon, many French Protestant reformers continued to flock to the city. In Besançon, the people called for

sympathies were with the reformers, he took no part in the combination of Protestant reformers in 1565, but he headed the armed force which took possession of Holyrood

soteriological-Christological framework." In contrast to some other Protestant Reformers, Calvin taught double predestination. Chapter 21 of Book III of the

Catholics and Protestants composed poetry in the penitential tradition, Protestant reformers were particularly drawn to Psalm 51 because its emphasis on faith

tradition. Despite its origins as a form of music suppressed by Protestant reformers and confined to the private chapels of covert Catholics, the piece

ultimate authority in doctrinal matters),[citation needed] the first Protestant reformers, like the Catholic and Orthodox churches, used the theological interpretations

Catholic Church—the church contains the original pulpit from which the Protestant reformers Robert Barnes (1495–1540), Thomas Bilney (1495–1531) and Hugh Latimer

the Roman Catholic Holy Roman Empire, but was also the source of Protestant reformers such as Martin Luther. During the Kulturkampf (from about 1872 to

the history of the church. This interpretation was favored by the Protestant reformers such as John Wycliff, John Calvin, and Martin Luther, as well as

ongoing and which collects portions of biblical interpretations from Protestant Reformers such as Martin Luther, Martin Bucer, and John Calvin. Timothy George

traditions often take both into consideration. The authority of the Protestant Reformers to reject books from the Christian biblical canon is seen as dubious

María de Salinas; Holy Roman Emperor Charles V; Pope Paul III; and Protestant Reformers Martin Luther and William Tyndale. Six wives of Henry VIII and years

generation. Augustine's formulation of original sin was popular among Protestant reformers, such as Martin Luther and John Calvin, who equated original sin

The candle is lighted, we cannot blow out, joint portrait of 15 Protestant reformers c. 1640, published by Thomas Jenner

underlines some of the controversial content, for example comparing the Protestant reformers to Christ. Both were attacked as "innovators" when, according to

the Genevan Psalter, the Anglican Catechism, and the works of the Protestant Reformers Hugo Grotius and John Amos Comenius into Ottoman Turkish.[citation

was offered for information. Pakington's murder was interpreted by Protestant reformers as martyrdom, and became a source of religious controversy. In 1545

God. According to Tyndale's New Testament translation and other Protestant reformers, a believer could repent with a sincere heart, and God would forgive

limited; that he grew in learning as he grew in age. Certain prominent Protestant Reformers, such as Martin Bucer, John Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli, denied the

James (1810). "Mr John Spottiswood". A history of the lives of the Protestant reformers in Scotland. Edinburgh: Printed for John Ogle, by James Ballantyne

developed in opposition to Roman Catholic views or to the views of Protestant reformers such as Martin Luther and Huldrych Zwingli. Some of the followers

case on a theological faultline: the biblicism constructed by the [Protestant] Reformers. However, the Russian Orthodox hieromonk Seraphim Rose has argued

nineteenth century theologian whose "greatness" merited comparison to the Protestant reformers: "More forcefully than anyone before and after him in the nineteenth

concern with increasing public access to education was shared by the Protestant reformers, who saw schools as vehicles for the provision of moral and religious

the Catholic Church considered Martin Luther and the rest of the Protestant Reformers to be heretics themselves. Roger Williams, a Baptist theologian and

or shared by Reformed Protestants after John Calvin. Some of the Protestant reformers, Andreas Karlstadt, Huldrych Zwingli and John Calvin encouraged the

and distinguished Church historian, disagrees with Luther and the Protestant reformers who held that by "rock" Christ did not mean Peter, but meant either

against God's true church and that the pope is the Antichrist. Many Protestant reformers such as Martin Luther, John Knox, William Tyndale and others held

Many European foreigners moved to Livorno. These included Christian Protestant reformers who supported such leaders as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others

religious reforms of the 1530s corresponded little with the movement by Protestant Reformers, and encountered much popular hostility when they did. In 1536, Convocation

The humanist concern with widening education was shared by the Protestant reformers, with a desire for a godly people replacing the aim of having educated

Middle Ages which have spread around the world in the modern day. Protestant Reformers wanted all members of the church to be able to read the Bible, so

Evensong services, which seems to have been designed to comply with the Protestant reformers' demand for clear words and simple musical textures, may well have

in the ancient creeds and reclaimed in the basic insights of the Protestant Reformers. It affirms the responsibility of the Church in each generation to

they are the children of God." He inherited this doctrine from the Protestant reformers, Martin Luther and John Calvin, and saw its basis in several passages

The humanist concern with widening education was shared by the Protestant reformers, with a desire for a godly people replacing the aim of having educated

Augustine's formulation of original sin after AD 412 was popular among Protestant reformers, such as Martin Luther and John Calvin, who equated original sin

influential Anabaptist religious leader. Simons was a contemporary of the Protestant Reformers and it is from his name that his followers became known as Mennonites

Scott, James (1810). "Mr John Winram". A history of the lives of the Protestant reformers in Scotland. Edinburgh: Printed for John Ogle, by James Ballantyne

between elite physicians and distrustful peasants who needed help. The Protestant reformers, led by Martin Luther, rejected the notion that rich men could gain

developed in opposition to Roman Catholic views or to the views of other Protestant reformers such as Martin Luther and Huldrych Zwingli. Some of the followers

vi (cultural) This site comprises six buildings associated with Protestant reformers Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon. In Eisleben, they include the

institute the new tribunal and organize the first trials of the Protestant reformers. Della Casa judiciously chose his cases and concentrated on prosecuting

times by men like the medieval Catholic priest Thomas a Kempis, the Protestant Reformers Caspel Schwenkfeld and Thomas Munzer, the Dutch theologian Jacobus

position comes from Oscar Cullmann. He disagrees with Luther and the Protestant reformers who held that by "rock" Christ did not mean Peter, but meant either

his views, many of which resounded with those held by the later Protestant Reformers. Monastic life in England came to an abrupt end with Dissolution

even as our Fathers the Apostles have taught us in the Didascalia". Protestant reformers, beginning in the 16th century, brought new interpretations of Christian

that the Roman Catholic Mass is idolatry, a view promulgated by Protestant Reformers such as Martin Luther. The Order takes as its basis the Open Bible

interpretation, as well as the traditional belief of the almost all Protestant Reformers. Historicism as a method of interpreting prophecy has been challenged

O'Reilly, many reformers of the era were well-educated, middle-class Protestant reformers. O'Reilly left school at an early age to follow her mother's trade

in its own way for the goodness of the Church. Rejecting these, Protestant reformers focused on the doctrine of sola scriptura, i.e. the supreme authority

antisemitic attitudes, which have been carried forward and embraced by the Protestant Reformers. Dispensation Theology, formalized in the 1830s by John Darby, holds

more radical reformers who sought to change church theology as the Protestant reformers wanted. Instead, Spain became the scion of the Counter-Reformation

Alighieri's travels in Italy in exile, pursuing her interest in early Protestant reformers, which she considered Dante to be. In later life, Marian settled

Catholic Church. Paulist Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-61643-809-8. The Protestant reformers of the sixteenth century were unwilling to call marriage a sacrament

therefore good because they are commanded and evil because prohibited." Protestant reformers Martin Luther and John Calvin both stressed the absolute sovereignty

Sixtus V opposed abortion at any stage of pregnancy. In general, the Protestant Reformers retained the teaching of their time against abortion. Neither Martin

side 390 days, to signify 390 years; — i. e. a day for a year. — ". Protestant Reformers were well established on the day/year principle and it was also accepted

education that had become significant in the Renaissance was shared by Protestant reformers. For boys, in the burghs the old schools were maintained, with the

tradition". According to Cynthia Stewart, during the Reformation, the Protestant reformers used "the founding myths of Christianity" to critique the church

laws set by Christ in scripture. In terms of sacraments, like other Protestant reformers, Tyndale believes that baptism and the Eucharist are the only true

who opposed Bishop Fleming's political influence to work alongside Protestant reformers (then affiliated with the "Tory" party) and was openly opposed by

England mentions gargoyles between the bays, but those are heads of Protestant Reformers; the gargoyles are on the tower As of August 2020, the Clapham plaque

Elevation of the Host, despite instructions to the contrary since Protestant reformers connected this ritual with transubstantiation; the Queen therefore

Enlightenment. Critique of Christianity began among the more extreme Protestant reformers enraged by fear, tyranny, and persecution. Secularisation spread

European fascism. The neo-orthodox looked back to the Bible and the Protestant Reformers of the 16th century in order to construct a "more sturdy theology"

immediately criticized by Peter Abelard. In the 16th century, the Protestant Reformers reinterpreted Anselm's satisfaction theory of salvation within a

The humanist concern with widening education was shared by the Protestant reformers, with a desire for a godly people replacing the aim of having educated

Boyd. p. 50. Scott, James (1810). A history of the lives of the Protestant reformers in Scotland. Edinburgh: for John Ogle by James Ballantyne and Co

included in the Hebrew Bible and supported doctrines to which the Protestant reformers objected such as the intercession of saints, purgatory, prayers for

Scott, James (1810). "Mr John Row". A history of the lives of the Protestant reformers in Scotland. Edinburgh: Printed for John Ogle, by James Ballantyne

which entailed religious convictions more in line with continental Protestant reformers, but quite at odds with the Church of England under Henry VIII and

century, divisions appeared between a pro-French faction at Court and Protestant reformers. The Protestants saw the French as a Catholic influence and, when

differently. Piers was open to being appropriated by Lollards and later Protestant reformers. William Tyndale's memorable statement to a "popish priest," recorded

preference for traditional Catholic practices and, during his reign, Protestant reformers were unable to make more radical changes to the practices and the

terms as Protestants. This courted Catholic opinion, but it also put Protestant reformers on notice. Any further liberalising of the franchise, whether by

Roman Catholic teaching today, it was explicitly rejected by the Protestant Reformers in the 16th century. Catholic doctrines manifest themselves all over

theology of salvation that good works were the route to heaven. The Protestant reformers rejected the notion that rich men could gain God's grace through

perseverance. Augustine's formulation of original sin was popular among Protestant reformers, such as Martin Luther and John Calvin, and also, within Roman Catholicism

general secretary in the 1920s. The AMSH was a member of the IAF. Protestant reformers in the Dutch Réveil movement were concerned about the spread of municipal

public domain. Scott, James (1810). A history of the lives of the Protestant reformers in Scotland. Edinburgh: for John Ogle by James Ballantyne and Co

like Lutheran Prussia beginning in 1717. A general tenet of the Protestant reformers was that Marian devotion and the 'cult of Mary" and the "cult of

funds were not available for local causes such as poor relief. Protestant reformers in the Book of Discipline (1560) proposed that part of the patrimony

seventeenth centuries into a secular one. Theology was the problem. The Protestant reformers rejected the Catholic belief that rich men could gain God's grace

tended to become more conventional as the campaigns progressed. Protestant reformers shared the humanist concern with widening education, with a desire

educator who attacked medieval traditions and anticipated views of the Protestant reformers Lucilio Vanini (1585–1619), philosopher; author of Amphitheatrum

of King's College, Old Aberdeen". A history of the lives of the Protestant reformers in Scotland. Edinburgh: for John Ogle by James Ballantyne and Co

Westminster Hall in London with nine leading Catholic churchmen, and nine Protestant reformers of the Church of England. The conference adjourns on April 3 for

concern with increasing public access to education was shared by the Protestant reformers, who saw schools as vehicles for the provision of moral and religious

Augustine's formulation of original sin after 412 CE was popular among Protestant reformers, such as Martin Luther and John Calvin, who equated original sin

Veritas Filia Temporis. The idea was of a "Truth" in opposition to Protestant reformers. Mary had been at Kenninghall in Norfolk and Framlingham in Suffolk

sin, though they "appeal directly to the Bible whenever possible". Protestant reformers such as Martin Luther, the founder of the Lutheran Churches, as well