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searching for Political fragmentation 216 found (233 total)

Principality (1,456 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

princes gained significant power within a king's domain. This led to political fragmentation and the creation of mini-states. Over time, many of these principalities

Germans (4,860 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

integral part of German identity. Owing to their long history of political fragmentation, Germans are culturally diverse and often have strong regional

First Mongol invasion of Burma (5,648 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

northern Burma to Tagaung. The invasions ushered in 250 years of political fragmentation in Burma and the rise of ethnic Tai-Shan states throughout mainland

Legislature XI of Italy (284 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Republic" (Italian: Prima Repubblica). Characterized by a huge political fragmentation, the legislature prematurely came to an end after many of the historical

Liberal Democracy of Slovenia (909 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Democratic Party. The loss was followed by decline, infighting and political fragmentation. In the runup to the 2008 parliamentary election the LDS joined

Phagmodrupa dynasty (2,560 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Phagmodrupa dynasty or Pagmodru (Tibetan: ཕག་མོ་གྲུ་པ་, Wylie: phag mo gru pa, [pʰʌ́kmoʈʰupa]; Chinese: 帕木竹巴) was a dynastic regime that held sway

Principality of Kiev (900 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

city of Kiev. The principality was formed during the process of political fragmentation of the Kievan Rus' in the early 12th century. As a result of that

Petronius Maximus (2,201 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Western Roman Empire. His brief and controversial rule reflected the political fragmentation and lack of centralized authority that plagued the empire during

Senate (France) (1,894 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

following the 2024 snap legislative election and the ensuing political fragmentation in the Assembly, the newly-outed Barnier government held a majority

Narathihapate (2,536 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

250-year-old Pagan Empire broke apart into multiple petty states. The political fragmentation of the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery would last for another

History of Limousin (367 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

bishops of Limoges controlled most of present-day Haute-Vienne. Such political fragmentation led to the construction of many castles, whose ruins still evoke

Akan people (6,846 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Akan (/ˈækæn/) people are a Kwa group living primarily in present-day Ghana and in parts of Ivory Coast and Togo in West Africa. The Akan speak languages

Pax Mongolica (3,576 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

her head could wander safely throughout the realm". Despite the political fragmentation of the Mongol Empire into four khanates (Yuan dynasty, Golden Horde

Great Divergence (15,019 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

provide the nuclei for future states. Another point in Europe's political fragmentation in comparison to, for example, China is the location of the Eurasian

Alastaneli (453 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(died 1311). Their status of "provincial kings" was rooted in the political fragmentation of the centralized Georgian monarchy under the Mongol hegemony

Century of humiliation (2,512 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The century-long period is typified by the decline, defeat and political fragmentation of the Qing dynasty and the subsequent Republic of China, which

Hezbe Wahdat (6,701 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in Kabul. The situation of Hezb-e Wahdat in early 2009 and its political fragmentation can best be explained by the leadership style of its leaders. In

Magnus I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (573 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

efforts to consolidate their territorial holdings during a time of political fragmentation in the Holy Roman Empire. The son of Albert the Fat, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Emperor Wen of Sui (5,188 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

China proper in 589, bringing an end to nearly three centuries of political fragmentation that began with the breakaway of the Cheng-Han and Han-Zhao regimes

Divisions of the world in Islam (2,260 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dar al-harb has been affected by historical changes such as the political fragmentation of the Muslim world. The theoretical distinction between dar al-Islam

Sixteen Kingdoms (3,778 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Former Qin splintered and northern China experienced even greater political fragmentation. The fall of the Western Jin dynasty amidst the rise of non-Han

Joel Mokyr (1,678 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

conceive of knowledge as cumulative". Mokyr furthermore argues that political fragmentation (the presence of a large number of European states) made it possible

List of chief ministers of Maharashtra (1,328 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Birmal, Nitin; Ghotale, Vivek (2010). "Coalitions in Maharashtra Political fragmentation or Social Reconfiguration?" (PDF). Savitribai Phule Pune University

Despot (court title) (3,169 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

деспот, romanized: despót), and the Empire of Trebizond. With the political fragmentation of the period, the term gave rise to several principalities termed

Alchon Huns (10,158 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

class=notpageimage| Political fragmentation of South Asia after the fall of the Gupta Empire and the retreat of the Alchon Huns to the northwest, circa

Marketplace of ideas (1,486 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

book A Culture of Growth: The Origins of the Modern Economy that political fragmentation in Europe (the presence of a large number of European states) made

Moroccan invasion of the Songhai Empire (2,649 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Trans-Saharan trade, however, ultimately declined as a result of the political fragmentation of the region and of the increasing European presence in West Africa

Succession of the Roman Empire (12,316 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Political fragmentation in the aftermath of the sack of Constantinople, early 13th century

Limousin (province) (477 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

bishops of Limoges controlled most of present-day Haute-Vienne. Such political fragmentation led to the construction of many castles, whose ruins still evoke

Abbasid Caliphate (16,316 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (/əˈbæsɪd, ˈæbəsɪd/; Arabic: الْخِلَافَة الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, romanized: al-Khilāfa al-ʿAbbāsiyya) was the third caliphate

Homeland Party (Armenia) (927 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article

Վանեցյանը". infocom.am. Azadian, Edmond Y. (June 11, 2020). "Armenia's Political Fragmentation amid Pandemic". Jasyson. "Ex-Armenian security chief urges MPs

Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc. (930 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to the church, Burger stated that the law could also lead to "political fragmentation and divisiveness" along the lines of the church's faith. Judge

Irakli Tsereteli (6,565 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Telegraph, and briefly as Minister of the Interior. Concerned that political fragmentation would lead to a civil war in Russia, Tsereteli strived to broker

Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia) (9,260 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Sargon, the first monarch of the Akkadian Empire. Despite their political fragmentation, the ED city-states shared a relatively homogeneous material culture

Pagan kingdom (11,116 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

four-century-old kingdom in 1287. The collapse was followed by 250 years of political fragmentation that lasted well into the 16th century. The Old Burmese name for

Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party (883 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

going mainstream". eurasia.net. Retrieved 2020-06-23. "Armenia's Political Fragmentation amid Pandemic". eurasia.net. Retrieved 2020-06-23. "The only serious

Islamic Solidarity Games (841 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

are also allowed to take part in the Games. With the level of political fragmentation, the deficiencies in economic development in many Muslim countries

Georgian literature (930 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the unified kingdom of David IV in the 11th century. However, political fragmentation and foreign invasions following a peak in literary tradition during

Zababdeh (1,126 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the marks on my hands: The performance of Palestinian unity amid political fragmentation,' in Paul S Rowe, John H.A. Dyck, Jens Zimmermann (eds.) Christians

Timeline of the Muslim presence in the Iberian Peninsula (10,739 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

This is a timeline of notable events during the period of Muslim presence in Iberia, starting with the Umayyad conquest in the 8th century. 711 – A Muslim

Turco-Persian tradition (5,632 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

culture spread from Mediterranean to the mouth of Ganges, despite political fragmentation and ethnic diversity. The culture of the Turco-Persian world in

Moorish architecture (19,438 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Moorish architecture is a style within Islamic architecture that developed in the western Islamic world, including al-Andalus (the Iberian Peninsula) and

Libyan civil war (2014–2020) (19,959 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

The Libyan Civil War (2014–2020), also known as the Second Libyan Civil War, was a multilateral civil war which was fought in Libya among a number of armed

Helme (river) (751 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

the local population speak the northern Thuringian dialect. (1) Political fragmentation of 3 states, any of them are managing their own natural resources

High king (1,107 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

there is a high degree of cultural unity, along with sufficient political fragmentation that the high king's subordinates style themselves kings. In this

List of Beowulf characters (1,511 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Beowulf tribes and locations. See also Scandza for Scandinavia's political fragmentation in the 6th century.

Lala Mustafa Pasha's Caucasian campaign (434 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Samtskhe-Saatabago principality. The Georgians fought fiercely, but political fragmentation rendered them incapable of stopping the Ottoman advance. On August

Sultan (3,589 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

who was considered the leader of the caliphate. The increasing political fragmentation of the Muslim world after the 8th century, however, challenged

Podemos Andalusia (195 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Parliament of Andalusia". Viento Sur. "Spain's ruling PP wins EU vote, political fragmentation rises". Reuters. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2015. "Teresa

End of communism in Hungary (1,841 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

reformers from within as well as outside of the MSZMP, showing the political fragmentation of the Hungarian system. Radical reformers and many others demanded

Emperor of China (3,779 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

not be done obeisance to by his own father, a commoner. Owing to political fragmentation, over the centuries, it has not been uncommon to have numerous

Muromachi period (3,170 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

during Muromachi times. The Ōnin War (1467–77) led to serious political fragmentation and obliteration of domains: a great struggle for land and power

Oscheret (271 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Burgundy and held substantial influence in the region. Following the political fragmentation of West Francia, Anscar of Oscheret migrated to Italy in the late

Migration Period art (2,003 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Angles, Saxons and Jutes were settling in England. The extreme political fragmentation of Ireland and its total lack of urban development prevented the

Kin'yō Wakashū (781 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

compromise is nevertheless remarkably contemporary and descriptive. The political fragmentation in the first half of the twelfth century exerted a prominent degree

Strategic reset (2,603 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

weapons and funding are fueling civil conflict in the face of deep political fragmentation and there are absolutely no guarantees as to who these arms will

Italian War of 1536–1538 (1,065 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Peninsula would be ruled (or influenced) by foreign monarchs. The political fragmentation of Italy, and the lack of an unified response to pressures from

Ōmura Sumitada (1,076 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Portuguese technology and weapons as the Sengoku period was one of political fragmentation and uncertainty. However, after his baptism, Sumitada expressed

Punta de Chimino (2,603 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sites indicate that Seibal may well have taken advantage of the political fragmentation of the Petexbatún region in order to take control of Punta de Chimino

Barid (1,915 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

as the Barmakid Ja'far ibn Yahya or Itakh al-Turki. After the political fragmentation of the Abbasid Caliphate in the ninth and tenth centuries, the

Chu-class gunboat (463 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

squadron of the Republic of China Navy sometime after 1916. The political fragmentation of the Warlord Era following Yuan Shikai's death extended to the

Kongo-Wara rebellion (1,841 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

warriors. Such unity was unprecedented in a region known for its political fragmentation and historical lack of centralised authority. Armed conflict broke

Janardhana Swamy (973 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Chitradurga Lok Sabha area, underscoring the split's profound effect. Political fragmentation contributed to his loss in the 2014 Lok Sabha election from Chitradurga

History of Jessore (2,007 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

After the fall of the Hussain Shahi dynasty, Bengal experienced political fragmentation. Jashore saw establishment of a local dynasty. During the so-called

Cabinet of Tammam Salam (857 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"There is a need to bring Lebanon out of its state of division and political fragmentation, as reflected on the security situation, and to ward off the risks

Kleinstaaterei (1,983 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

control of administration and judiciary in the jurisdiction. The political fragmentation of the Empire was the single most salient characteristic of German

Church arson (1,946 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

accusations of blasphemy. An RSIS researcher told the BBC that growing political fragmentation and economic disparities, sparked violence directed towards minority

Podemos Region of Murcia (344 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

211. ISBN 978-0-8131-4687-4. "Spain's ruling PP wins EU vote, political fragmentation rises". Reuters. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2015. Ministerio

Science and technology in Europe (1,218 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

destroyed, and the role of mathematics was further reduced by Europe's political fragmentation. The idea of Hindu-Arabic numerals came to Europe c. 1200 AD, but

Gelgel, Indonesia (1,524 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Sukawati, Buleleng, Tabanan, Badung, etc.). This situation of political fragmentation continued until the Dutch colonial conquest between 1849 and 1908

U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century (3,331 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

integrated world, i.e. increasing globalization amidst social and political fragmentation. The report provides twelve basic assumptions of that environment

Languedoc-Roussillon (3,311 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

entrusted to the counts of Toulouse. During the feudal era, a great political fragmentation took place: the counties of Roussillon and Cerdanya passed into

Grand National Assembly of Turkey (4,270 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

large populations). To avoid a hung parliament and its excessive political fragmentation, from 1982 to 2022, a party must have won at least 10% of the national

Lao rebellion (1826–1828) (17,180 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

attempt to resist Siamese encroachment, and to check the further political fragmentation among the Lao. The kingdom of Vientiane was abolished, its population

Hohenstaufen (4,330 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

rights to administrative and legal offices. These trends compounded political fragmentation within Germany. The period was ended in 1273 with the election

Ishaq al-Mawsili (1,891 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Rowson 2012, § para. 4. Rowson 2012, § para. 3. Wright 2001b, "(i) Political fragmentation". Wright 2018, § para. 3. Books Khazrai, Firoozeh (2016). "Music

Michael Bess (524 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

book explores how to get past ideological polarization and global political fragmentation, drawing lessons from the experience of the environmental movement

Podemos Asturias (2,072 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

211. ISBN 978-0-8131-4687-4. "Spain's ruling PP wins EU vote, political fragmentation rises". Reuters. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2015. Batalla

Konrad VIII the Younger (511 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Konrad VIII was one of them. The Church, during the time of the political fragmentation of Poland and the enormous progeny of the Piast dynasty, was the

Chieri (3,970 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the counts of Savoy were lost by her heir Humbert II. In the political fragmentation which followed, the Piedmontese lands east of Turin were divided

SANU Memorandum (2,849 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the Serb Nation". The first section focuses on the economic and political fragmentation of Yugoslavia that followed the promulgation of the 1974 constitution

Hajib (2,207 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

death in 1002. Following the collapse of the caliphate and the political fragmentation of al-Andalus into the competing taifa kingdoms, some of the taifa

Feminism in Germany (5,020 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in a Berlin street, July 1945 The Weimar Republic was an era of political fragmentation in Germany. Along with the economic chaos of the inter-war years

Yongfeng-class gunboat (771 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ships to enter the Republic of China Navy (ROCN) for a decade. The political fragmentation of the Warlord Era following Yuan's death extended to the navy

Mohammad Zahir Shah (3,785 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Retrieved 8 March 2019. Dorronsoro, Gilles (2005). "The Return to Political Fragmentation". Afghanistan: Revolution Unending, 1979–2002. C. Hurst & Co. p

Steve Ellner (617 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

University, 1988). ISBN 0-8223-0808-8 Generational Identification and Political Fragmentation in Venezuelan Politics in the Late 1960s (University of Akron-Allegheny

Galicia–North Portugal Euroregion (742 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the reconquest of Portus Cale (Porto). This began a period of political fragmentation for both territories, leading to the formation of the County of

Politics of Germany (5,901 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

hurdle", was incorporated into Germany's election law to prevent political fragmentation and minority parties from becoming disproportionately influential

Jayant Patil (1,081 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Palshikar, Nitin Birmal and Vivek Ghotale. "Coalitions in Maharashtra Political fragmentation or Social Reconfiguration?". CAS Occasional Paper Series: 14. "Mumbai

Micronesians (3,630 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Leonard (November 1989). "A Marshallese nation emerges from the political fragmentation of American Micronesia". Pacific Studies. 13 (1). The Brigham Young

Ankhtifi (1,313 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Vandier, 1950, 161-242) Ankhtifi's autobiography highlights the political fragmentation of Egypt during his career as nomarch of Hierakonpolis, because

Micronesians (3,630 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Leonard (November 1989). "A Marshallese nation emerges from the political fragmentation of American Micronesia". Pacific Studies. 13 (1). The Brigham Young

History of the Jews under Muslim rule (7,560 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

new regions, including Egypt and al-Andalus. "Paradoxically, [political fragmentation] furthered [cultural unification], for one main reason: the crisis

COVID-19 misinformation (34,678 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

organizations and medical authorities as well as divisiveness and political fragmentation. In January 2020, the BBC reported on the developing issue of conspiracy

Pre-Columbian Mexico (3,339 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Cambodian dress. With the decline of the Toltec civilization came political fragmentation in the Valley of Mexico, and into this new game of political contenders

Dhar (3,429 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the Cāḷukyas of Gujarāt under Siddharāja. The devastation and political fragmentation caused by these wars meant that there was no significant opposition

Mongol invasions of Tibet (3,446 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

were 500 monks. According to Haw, this was probably due to the political fragmentation of Tibet at the time as no single organization in Tibet could offer

Myanmar (23,186 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

kingdom in 1287. Pagan's collapse was followed by 250 years of political fragmentation that lasted well into the 16th century. Like the Burmans four centuries

Beowulf (10,900 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the poem's composition in Rendlesham, Suffolk, settled by Angles. See Scandza for details of Scandinavia's political fragmentation in the 6th century.

Morocco (21,757 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

al-Mansur, the country was divided among his sons. After a period of political fragmentation and conflict during the decline of the Saadi dynasty, Morocco was

Spessart (4,742 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

fall of the Holy Roman Empire. It was only after the end of the political fragmentation in the region that law and order were restored. The last Spessarträuber

Gupta Empire (9,800 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

class=notpageimage| Political fragmentation of South Asia after the retreat of the Alchon Huns to the northwest and the end of the Gupta Empire, c. 600

Umar ibn Hafsun (1,603 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

1913-1936 in 1987 Marín-Guzmán, Roberto (1994) "Rebellions and Political Fragmentation of al-Andalus: A Study of the Revolt of 'Umar Ibn Hafsun in the

New Monarchs (1,384 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to introduce many changes. In the early 15th century there was political fragmentation, as some countries were not unified and there were many separate

Central Asia (13,435 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to attack from all sides throughout its history, resulting in political fragmentation or outright power vacuum, as it is successively dominated. To the

Karl-Heinz Paque (237 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Advisory Board (2013–2019) Jack Ewing (September 17, 2013), Germany’s Political Fragmentation May Pose Challenge for Merkel New York Times. Gaby Mayr (September

Golden age (metaphor) (3,731 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

before the Fourth Fitna, the Anarchy at Samarra, and the onset of political fragmentation More generally from the reign of Harun al-Rashid until the sack

Holy Roman Empire (21,400 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Charlemagne may have had as many as 20 million people. Given the political fragmentation of the later Empire, there were no central agencies that could

Mane people (1,332 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

coupled with their auxiliaries reputation for cannibalism and the political fragmentation of the natives enabled them to conquer the entire region within

German colonization of Africa (3,498 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to move inland. The Germans were aided by the severe ethnic and political fragmentation of the inland groups. The extent of the forest prevented the coastal

Ostrogoths (7,986 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

male succession) and Totila but additionally as a consequence of political fragmentation amid the Germanic tribes as their loyalties wavered between their

Charles Taylor (Liberian politician) (6,770 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

forces captured and tortured Doe to death, instigating a violent political fragmentation of the country. The civil war turned into an ethnic conflict, with

Nobility privileges in Poland (1,966 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to the weakening of the monarchy during the period of Poland's political fragmentation, coupled with the institution of elective monarchy (see royal elections

Conservative Party (UK) (20,949 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

May 2025). "Reform UK's victories are just the latest chapter of political fragmentation". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 6 May 2025. Hartley-Brewer

Belgium–Netherlands relations (4,254 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of a patchwork of feudal states in the Low Countries. Despite political fragmentation (with counties and duchies such as Flanders, Brabant, Holland,

Mesoamerican chronology (8,868 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

natural resources. In this way the late Classic era commenced. Political fragmentation during this era meant no city had complete hegemony. Various population

1980 Turkish coup d'état (5,103 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

broadcast, the coup was needed to save the Turkish Republic from political fragmentation, violence and the economic collapse that was created by political

Medes (9,149 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

increasing the number of chiefdoms, and accelerating Media's political fragmentation. Sargon II's inscriptions alone identify at least 55 Median chiefdoms

Gungsangnorbu (900 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to an independent, Mongol-dominated Greater Mongolia. However, political fragmentation and the reality of a large Han Chinese population in his own domains

Nationalist government (6,207 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

relatively little control in China's border regions, where the political fragmentation along ethnic lines that began after the fall of the Qing dynasty

Pre-Columbian era (10,062 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

descended from. With the decline of the Toltec civilization came political fragmentation in the Valley of Mexico. Into this new political game of contenders

Mentuhotep II (5,255 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the First Intermediate Period and is a direct consequence of the political fragmentation of the country. The temple is located in the cliff at Deir el-Bahri

Al-Andalus (15,802 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Taifas period, art and culture continued to flourish despite the political fragmentation of Al-Andalus. The Aljaferia Palace of Zaragoza is the most significant

Osman I (14,712 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Constantinople to Konya. The importance of this site emerged due to the political fragmentation of Anatolia that gave small states greater importance than they

Ukrainians (9,836 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which began after the death of Yaroslav the Wise, led to the political fragmentation of the state into a number of principalities. The quarreling between

Ancient Egyptian religion (10,132 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

priesthoods increased, until it rivaled that of the pharaoh. In the political fragmentation of the Third Intermediate Period (c. 1070–664 BC), the high priests

Al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Kalbi (1,663 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Fatimid viceroys, which lasted until the civil strife and the political fragmentation of the island in the 1030s. In 955, war was renewed, when an Andalusian

Gaza Strip (27,799 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

its concerns about the consequences of the Palestinian internal political fragmentation; the socioeconomic decline; military actions; and the physical

Eider Canal (1,640 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Schleswig-Holstein were perennial enemies to their Danish suzerains, and the political fragmentation of the region and the ongoing conflict over its rightful rule posed

Kingdom of the Lombards (7,624 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

However, the resulting collection of duchies also contributed to political fragmentation and sowed the seeds of the structural weakness of the Lombard royal

Henry III, Duke of Głogów (2,641 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

his father and led to the decline of the Duchy. Moreover, this political fragmentation, visible especially in the Greater Poland region, scared the local

Carloctavismo (11,325 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

what looked like a typical dynastical dispute overlapped with political fragmentation of Carlism, triggered mostly by different views on policy towards

Architecture of Palestine (4,250 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

during the later Abbasid and Fatimid dynasties due to increasing political fragmentation. Two large monuments that can be dated to the 10th and 11th centuries

Thracians (10,565 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ancient Thracians were superior fighters; only their constant political fragmentation prevented them from overrunning the lands around the northeastern

Nada Sehnaoui (5,188 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

amnesia surrounding this conflict, as well as Lebanon's physical and political fragmentation that followed it. Her works not only underscore the imperative

Alur people (11,572 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

a greater number of traditional units, mirroring the existing political fragmentation more closely. However, the Belgian administration granted more

Byzantine economy (6,500 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

By the end of the 12th century, especially from 1204 on, the political fragmentation of the empire resulted in the creation of coinages that were either

The Holocaust in Greece (7,134 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

political assault predated the vicissitudes of World War II". The political fragmentation of Salonican Jews into opposing factions of conservative assimilationists

Sardinian nationalism (5,580 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

electoral competition, but yet again, because of their number and political fragmentation, they did not manage to win as many seats as they were initially

Barakzai dynasty (3,453 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore)p. 313 Gilles (2005). "The Return to Political Fragmentation". Afghanistan: Revolution Unending, 1979–2002, p.330 Grossmann

Northern Wei (8,448 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

centuries CE) such as the devolution of power to local strongmen and political fragmentation. Historians generally credit the Northern Wei dynasty for laying

Podemos (Spanish political party) (9,042 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Princeton University Press. "Spain's ruling PP wins EU vote, political fragmentation rises". Reuters. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2015. "Eclectic

Der Untertan (1,749 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

violent responses to the novel give further evidence for Germany's political fragmentation at the time. But among the literati who most praised the novel

Austerity (11,079 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

share of extreme parties, lowered voter turnout, and heightened political fragmentation. Notably, after the European debt crisis, a 1% reduction in regional

Place de la Concorde (Degas) (2,659 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

historians including André Dombrowski believe it reflects the socio-political fragmentation of France following the Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune

Military history (11,847 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Tibetans of Lhasa, the Tanguts, the Khitans, and collapsed due to political fragmentation of powerful regional military governors (jiedushi). The innovative

Zachlumia (7,545 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Theophilus (829 - 842) and represent the earliest evidence of the political fragmentation of the South Slavic principalities, that is, they confirm their

Vlastimir (4,292 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Theophilus (829 - 842) and represent the earliest evidence of the political fragmentation of the South Slavic principalities, that is, they confirm their

Spanish architecture (7,716 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

this period, art and culture continued to flourish despite the political fragmentation of Al-Andalus. The Aljaferia Palace of Zaragoza is the most significant

Palaeography (13,762 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Aramaic letters developed new forms, as a result of dialectal and political fragmentation in several subgroups. The most important of these is the so-called

Zahi Hawass (8,059 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the media. He later wrote that he was using rhetoric to explain political fragmentation among the Arabs, and that he does not believe in a "Jewish conspiracy

Government of Ethiopia (8,298 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

regional governance and economic growth, the system also exacerbated political fragmentation and instability. By the late 2010s, public dissatisfaction over

German orthography (6,946 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

standardized, though at first independently in each state because of the political fragmentation of Germany. Only the foundation of the German Empire in 1871 allowed

History of paper (10,280 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

seems to have developed quickly after its introduction, despite political fragmentation." Indeed, the introduction of paper had immense consequences for

Angevin kings of England (7,321 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

French custom of partible inheritance at the time would lead to political fragmentation. Indeed, if Henry II's sons Henry the Young King and Geoffrey of

Michael of Zahumlje (3,932 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Theophilus (829 - 842) and represent the earliest evidence of the political fragmentation of the South Slavic principalities, that is, they confirm their

Italian Brazilians (7,626 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

several kingdoms, duchies, and other small states. The legacy of political fragmentation influenced deeply the character of the Italian migrant: "Before

History of Ukraine (33,655 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

death, his sons divided the lands, which significantly accelerated political fragmentation. Although his succession plan aimed to prevent conflict, it ultimately

Pemexgate (1,972 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

government leave its managers with few responsibilities. Yet, the political fragmentation in Mexico suggests that no single entity has strategic dominance

Human history (27,151 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

rose to prominence in modern Myanmar. Its collapse brought about political fragmentation that ended with the rise of the Toungoo Empire in the 16th century

History of Mexico (20,664 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

portions of northern Mexico, resulting in sustained impoverishment, political fragmentation, and general frustration at the inability—or unwillingness—of the

Jon C. Teaford (1,790 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

University of Chicago Press. Teaford, Jon (1979) City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America, 1850–1970. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins

Jansenism (19,078 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

influence of Jansenism in Italy can be explained with reference to the political fragmentation of the peninsula into numerous states that were traditionally hostile

Geostrategy in Central Asia (3,541 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to attack from all sides throughout its history, resulting in political fragmentation or outright power vacuum, as it is successively dominated. To the

Ideology of the Islamic State (11,818 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

al-Maqdisi and Abu Basir al-Tartusi) and born as a reaction to Islamic political fragmentation (after the fall of Ottoman Empire), colonization (by Western powers)

Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya (3,058 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

country, Ibn Hawshab and Ali ibn al-Fadl. They too exploited the political fragmentation of the country to establish bases of operations: Ibn Hawshab in

Post-Angkor period (8,653 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the 9th century. Periods of "...consolidation alternated with political fragmentation [as] only few rulers were able to wrest control from the provincial

Egyptian temple (13,588 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Priest of Amun and the de facto ruler of Upper Egypt, beginning the political fragmentation of the Third Intermediate Period (c. 1070–664 BC). As the New Kingdom

Cinema of Europe (10,673 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of division and reunification, exploring how the historical and political fragmentation of the country affected individual and collective identities. In

Alodia (9,757 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

around 1500 the Nubians were recorded to be in a state of total political fragmentation, as they had no king, but 150 independent lordships centered around

Kingdom of Gwynedd (18,927 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

survival they faced: "Militarized tribal societies, despite their political fragmentation and internecine strife, seem to have offered better protection

Water supply and sanitation in Italy (5,402 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

At a time of rapidly changing governments, corruption scandals, political fragmentation and high levels of government debt, the Galli Law was one of several

Latium Vetus (3,180 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

institutions that helped maintain a sense of regional identity despite political fragmentation. Common religious rites, sanctuaries, and mythological traditions

First Toungoo Empire (10,531 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(1613), and Lan Na (1614). Still, in contrast to 250 years of political fragmentation that followed Pagan's collapse, this interregnum proved brief.

Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire (10,254 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Seal, Tom (1992). "Roots of Conflict: The First World War and the Political Fragmentation of the Middle East". Naval War College Review. 45 (2): 69–79. ISSN 0028-1484

Serbs of Croatia (16,550 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Theophilus (829 - 842) and represent the earliest evidence of the political fragmentation of the South Slavic principalities, that is, they confirm their

Ethiopian historiography (8,296 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(Zemene Mesafint) from the mid-18th to mid-19th centuries witnessed political fragmentation, civil war, loss of central authority, and, as a result of these

CIA Tibetan program (11,938 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

population, allowing for guerrilla warfare to thrive and causing "political fragmentation among the Kham," the southeastern region of Tibet. Because most

Patrick Deneen (1,488 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

liberalism, arguing that liberalism had increased social isolation, political fragmentation, and economic inequality. In November 2020 he joined the American

Culture of the Basque Country (3,378 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

receding trend, and it is nowadays a minority language due mainly to political fragmentation, with higher usage intensity in Biscay, Gipuzkoa, northern-western

French Third Restoration (606 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

tricolor flag. After the fall of Napoleon III in 1870, France faced political fragmentation. In the 1871 legislative elections, royalists won a majority in

Novgorod Land (6,923 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of Mstislav the Great in 1132 and the deepening tendencies of political fragmentation, the prince of Novgorod lost the support of the central government

When Crime Pays: Money and Muscle in Indian Politics (452 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

according to the book, is due to convergence of three trends- political fragmentation, deepening competition and continued Congress decline - in 1980s

Mustafa Kabha (607 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and oral tradition in Palestinian historiography. The impact of political fragmentation on historical writing and collective identity in Palestinian society

Battle of Jaghatu (800 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Sa'id Bahadur Khan in 1335, the Ilkhanate plunged into a period of political fragmentation and instability. With no male heir, several groups rose, each competing

Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff (15,999 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Minas Gerais (UFMG), since Dilma's inauguration, a scenario of "political fragmentation" prevails, with demonstrated difficulty for the government to obtain

Chu Gong (478 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

His appointment likely came in the late 180s CE, a period of political fragmentation following the death of Emperor Ling and the rise of the warlord

Glossary of geography terms (A–M) (29,045 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

in a basin at the foot of a mountain range. Balkanization The political fragmentation of a larger region or state into multiple smaller regions or states

Huapalcalco (2,476 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

late Classic era commenced. As stated above, this was a time of political fragmentation during which no city had complete hegemony. Various population

Palestinian stone-throwing (14,225 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

marks on my hands': the performance of Palestinian unity amid political fragmentation,' in Paul S Rowe, John H.A. Dyck, Jens Zimmermann (eds.), Christians

Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767) (28,217 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

century, was characterized by the decline of central authorities, political fragmentation and decline of manpower control. In the course of the eighteenth

List of rebellions in China (6,567 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

saw two brief monarchical restorations and successive periods of political fragmentation before the Republic's final establishment. The Xinhai Revolution

Timeline of geopolitical changes (before 1500) (1,341 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

sets off a series of civil wars that eventually result in the political fragmentation of the Mongol Empire into four autonomous khanates. 1260 The Mongols

Elections in Milan (1,960 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

6 May 1990. The election was characterized by a huge level of political fragmentation. Traditional parties suffered some considerable losses, while new-born

Bibliography of suburbs (2,933 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Princeton University Press, 2001. Teaford, Jon C. City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America, 1850–1970. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University

Religious policies of Constantine the Great (7,992 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

crisis, life in a "beleaguered superpower" included bankruptcies, political fragmentation and military losses.: 56 Constantine was born during this period

Circassian–Golden Horde War (1319–1327) (842 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Arab historian Al-Masudi. Their dominance was facilitated by the political fragmentation of the Circassians, who were divided into multiple tribes, while

National Bank of the Kingdom of Italy (1,107 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of note-issuing banks created on a local basis, reflecting the political fragmentation of Italy and similar to experiences in other parts of Europe such

Plaue–Themar railway (5,115 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

railway to Ilmenau. The efforts failed for the time being due to the political fragmentation of Thuringia. The rulers of four Thuringian states had to give

Islamization of Knowledge (book) (1,014 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

the multifaceted issues affecting the Muslim world, including political fragmentation, economic underdevelopment, and cultural decline. It identifies

Agencies of the African Union (1,186 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

member states. AU agencies face challenges such as funding gaps, political fragmentation, and overlapping mandates. Strengthening institutional capacity

Renaissance illumination (1,460 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

artistic centers of Italian Renaissance illumination reflects its political fragmentation. While in Lombardy the tradition of l'enluminure gothique (Gothic

African military systems (1800–1900) (13,670 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

rational solutions in the form of pack animals such as camels. Political fragmentation also hindered the growth of large armies, as certain African states

Climate of Tunisia (1,588 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

growth has not advanced at a similar pace. The nation grapples with political fragmentation and a lack of consensus on crucial economic reforms. Moreover,

Burmese–Siamese War (1759–1760) (22,288 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

experiencing political intrigues, declining central authority, political fragmentation, diminishing military supremacy and decline in manpower control

Lebanese political crisis (2019–present) (9,439 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

ensure balance, this system has fostered corruption, patronage, and political fragmentation. Political elites often distribute positions for loyalty rather

Mixtec culture (12,538 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

militarily and establishing political alliances with them. The political fragmentation of the Mixtec people in pre-Hispanic times was a constant that

Willi Bleicher (9,389 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

the German labour movement, including the trades unions. "The [political] fragmentation, this disunity, the battles between different groups of workers

2024–2025 French political crisis (2,462 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

will be substantially weakened over the coming years" and that "political fragmentation is more likely to impede meaningful fiscal consolidation." "France's

Westrich (historic region) (3,478 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Map from 1783 showing the political fragmentation of the former Westrich.

Spring 1987 West Bank unrest (5,832 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

rights in the occupied territories is uneven, retarded currently by political fragmentation and a lack of a coordinated leadership, and thus difficult to sustain

The Holocaust (14,878 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to destroy Germany. Amidst a worldwide economic depression and political fragmentation, the Nazi Party rapidly increased its support, reaching a high

Democracy (21,661 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the emergence of representative government to Europe's relative political fragmentation. Political scientist David Stasavage links the fragmentation of

Donald Trump and fascism (21,043 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

republic appears to be plagued by the myriad ills that doomed Weimar: political fragmentation, social polarization, hate-filled demagoguery, a legislature gridlocked

Economic history of pre-unitarian Italy (10,900 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

attestation of a rather dynamic merchant class. The context of political fragmentation in which southern Italy found itself, more so than northern Italy

History of the Regency of Algiers (13,807 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and slaves fed the Spanish treasury. Increasing anarachy let to political fragmentation in the Maghreb, which lost its status as the middleman between