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alternate case: planter class

1892 United States presidential election in Louisiana (631 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

but highly fraudulent political system in which the dominant Bourbon planter class used the newly enfranchised blacks to protect their power against potentially

lavèyé). In Tobago, it is thought to have been performed by women of the planter class at social events in the planters' great houses, and the dress and dance

post-independence Haiti. Born on Saint-Domingue into a family of the planter class, Ogé was sent at the age of eleven to the city of Bordeaux, France by

divided between two classes, grands blancs, who represented the wealthy planter class, and petit blancs, who represented the working classes. The grands blancs

was Robert William Griffith, the first MLC not from the merchant and planter class. The Origins and Development of Political Parties in the British West

figure. His sister Sabina Hope Lynch married James Hamilton, also of the planter class. One of their sons was James Hamilton Jr., who was elected as governor

plantation house was built by David Stone, a member of the coastal Carolina planter class, later Governor of North Carolina and a United States senator. One of

by state in subsequent chapters, he notes the efforts of the elite planter class to retain control and recover property (land, in particular) lost during

Laurent Loïs Raoul, who organized a town hall meeting of the French planter class in Port Louis on 30 June 1882. A committee was set up two weeks later

diametrically opposed to the interests of the small, wealthy English planter class. Reacting to a perceived threat, the planters lobbied for more direct

Montpelier, Orange County, Virginia, February 11, 1829), also of the planter class (her birthplace was named after her family). They had twelve children:

1818, in Monticello, Georgia. History records him as a member of the planter class and an ardent secessionist. During his term of office, Shorter sent

system of laws and was completely under the domination of the island's planter-class. The first meeting of the Barbados Assembly was held in 22 June 1639

is widely regarded as one of the best primary source accounts of the planter class lifestyle in Florida. She was the founder of the Florida chapters of

Journey Through Slavery, the historian Douglas R. Egerton said: The planter class in the Age of Revolution never believed for a moment the blacks were

often subject to "glaringly inhumane treatment by aristocrats of the planter class" and that they "were not given the material or monetary compensation"

Like other Southern states, Florida supported the war with troops. The planter class believed the war was an opportunity to gain territory where slavery

of Barbados, in 1937, Payne led black Barbadians to resist the white planter class. He organized several public meetings and aroused the ire of the police

Anglo-Atlantic World Dunn, Richard S. Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624-1713. New York: Norton, 1972. Taylor

was relatively equal (Higgs 1973:151). Moreover, the tenant and the planter class landowner shared in the inherent risks of uncertain crop production;

structures are primary indicators of the lifestyles of the Black Belt planter class during the prosperous antebellum period. One of them, the Andrew Barry

Ostend Manifesto, part of an attempt by Southern slaveholders of the planter class to gain support to annex Cuba to the United States. Worried about being

Louis. It began operations in 1832 and favored the interests of the planter class. In 1838 traders established Mauritius Commercial Bank to give themselves

Diplomatic Relations 1926 Lowell Joseph Ragatz, (1897–1978) The Fall of the Planter Class in the British Caribbean, 1763–1833 1928 Fred Albert Shannon, (1893–1963)

Arkansas were typically prominent, landowning, white men of the former planter class, who retained control of soft and hard power through Jim Crow laws,

quarterly 49.4 (2003): 65-86. Draper, Nicholas. "The rise of a new planter class? Some countercurrents from British Guiana and Trinidad, 1807–33." Atlantic

plantations in Barbados and Jamaica, and he represented the interests of the planter class in the House of Commons. He was a member of the Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax

exciting moment, a moment of great inspiration. And for the southern planter class, it was a moment of enormous terror. The pure honor of the inspiration

(NRS RH15/106/263). Richard S. Dunn, Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624-1713 (Williamsburg, 1972). David Dobson

owned 5-20 slaves; and the Planter class, which on average owned over 20 slaves. While some slaves worked on huge planter-class plantations, some slaves

erupted, he was a lawyer, secessionist Democrat and was part of the Planter Class in Jacksonville, Florida.[citation needed] He became a member of the

system of laws and was completely under the domination of the island's planter-class. The first meeting of the Barbados Assembly was held in 1639. The initial

campaign was championed by Southern elites often outside of the old planter class. Their hopes were to make a fresh "new" start, forming partnerships

campaign was championed by Southern elites often outside of the old planter class. Their hopes were to make a fresh "new" start, forming partnerships

counties was strongly influenced by state governments and the influential planter class. Their interests rested mainly in not allowing federal welfare to undermine

erupted, he was a lawyer, secessionist Democrat and was part of the Planter Class in Jacksonville, Florida.[citation needed] He became a member of the

disaffected groups led by Nathaniel Bacon. Although of the wealthy planter class, Bacon competed for power with Gov. Berkeley, drawing upon resentments

character, which was a character from the Carnival balls held by the French planter class in late 18th century Trinidad. The Pierrot character was a well-dressed

steep decline over the next twenty years in his reputation among the planter class in South Carolina. At the time of his death in 1857, he received no

As his dowry, Yancey received 35 slaves and a quick entry into the planter class. In the winter of 1836–1837, Yancey again moved to her plantation in

years. The majority of land holdings remained in control of a small planter class minority while coercion remained the dominant form of social control

Protestant Episcopal Church. Johnston was a native Mississippian of the planter class who had fought in twelve engagements in the Civil War, most with the

born to Jeremiah T. Mudd on February 12, 1858. He was born into the planter class at the family plantation, Gallant Green, in Charles County, Maryland

Hammond became a wealthy man through this marriage and entered the planter class. Hammond ultimately owned 22 square miles (57 km2) of land, a number

: 57  and was described as "representing the powerful French Creole planter class" during the second half of the 1930s. Commenting on the sale of the

Dunn, Richard S. (December 1, 2012). Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624-1713. UNC Press Books. ISBN 9780807899823

the world. Wealth from the rice created an elite European-American planter class; they built stately plantation manor houses and often also had townhouses

in the Seventeenth Century: An Inquiry Into the Origin of the Higher Planter Class, Together with a Description of the Habits, Customs, and Diversions

University Press. p. 16. ISBN 0-8223-2260-9. Conrad, Robert (1975). "The Planter Class and the Debate over Chinese Immigration to Brazil, 1850- 1893". International

argument" though she criticized the " cursory treatment of the southern planter class". Joe L. Green of Louisiana State University in Shreveport stated that

Routledge. Dunn, Richard S. (1972). Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624-1713. University of North Carolina

the American Revolutionary War. Like his siblings and others of the planter class, Bates was tutored at home as a boy. When older, he attended Charlotte

the South's business and merchant classes to replace the Democratic planter class as the dominant force in Southern government and politics. Events did

slaves of Saint-Domingue. Central to the rise of the Gens de couleur planter class was the growing importance of coffee, which thrived on the marginal

English power. He also said that the Anglican Church catered more for the planter class, but the black people got more involved at about the time of World War

educational institutions led to a rapid influx of families from the planter class into Auburn in the 1840s and 1850s. By 1858, of the roughly 1,000 free

(2009). The Quaker Community on Barbados: Challenging the Culture of the Planter Class. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 9780826218476. Jackson

family. She attended a local school for white students, many from the planter class. After marrying Dr. Albert Sherman Hoyt, they lived for a time in New

being a slaveowner, Alleyne publicly voiced opinions unpopular to the planter class at that time, declaring in the House of Assembly that he disapproved

Assembly was dominated by White Americans Bourbon Democrats from the elite planter class. Both the resulting 1875 and 1901 constitutions disenfranchised African-Americans

into the 20th century. Prominent landowning white men of the former planter class were returned to power by Democratic supporters and known as Redeemers

the 1834 constitution, when it was dominated by elite whites of the planter class. The legislature also passed laws that required newly emancipated Blacks

to defend their families, not a nation. He argues that a hegemonic "planter class" brought Georgia into the war with "little support from non-slaveholders"

Johnson instead sought to help working class whites overcome the elite planter class, with African Americans still relegated to the lowest rung of Southern

spring. However, because the plantation owners were suspicious of the planter class (read "plantation workers"), the Chinese claimed that it represented

Johnson instead sought to help working class whites overcome the elite planter class, with African Americans still relegated to the lowest rung of Southern

other West Indian islands, especially Jamaica. 1682 The sugar-producing planter class becomes dominant. They inter-marry with British aristocracy, and buy

(2017-10-10). Educating the Sons of Sugar: Jefferson College and the Creole Planter Class of South Louisiana. ISBN 9780817319663. De Bow's Review Vol. XI, page

was against voluntary manumission. Thomas Jefferson was born into the planter class of a "slave society", as defined by the historian Ira Berlin, in which

S2CID 194951026. Dunn, Richard (1972). Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624-1713. The University of North Carolina

along the Mississippi River. Originally anti-Long, like most of the planter class, Curry by his second full term had begun to vote increasingly with the

and economically from their region’s dominant prewar, slave-owning planter class. At the war's start, a parole system operated, under which captives

views were different from the interests of the small, wealthy English planter class. Reacting to a perceived threat to their power, the planters lobbied

Plantation Record and Account Book. They became widely popular among the planter class, who used them as models for their own plantations. In 1859, he purchased

labourers, having little rights, would be ruthlessly exploited by the planter class until the late colonial period. Dr. Alexander Boraine - Chairperson

and often brutal lives with no rights, being the property of a small planter-class. In the 18th century, slaves ran away and joined the Maroons in increasing

differential treatment between Africans, and the white workers and ruling planter class, the island became increasingly unattractive to poor whites. Black or

ignored the yeomen. The nostalgic view of the South emphasized the elite planter class of wealth and refinement, controlling large plantations and numerous

(2009). The Quaker community on Barbados: challenging the culture of the planter class ([Online-Ausg.] ed.). Columbia: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 9780826218476

providing slaves with tools that could help them rebel against the planter class. By the end of the 19th century more than half of the slave population

Thomas Jefferson had originally advocated but had been opposed by the planter class elite. However, the Radicals failed in their efforts to secure a Constitutional

county was socially and politically dominated by its resident white planter class and businessmen. No black citizens were allowed to register to vote

values that he found reflected in the honor code and lifestyle of the planter class and with which he increasingly came into contact in his retirement community

as a railroad town rather than a southern seaport dominated by the planter class, such as Savannah or Charleston. Because of its later development, many

restaurants in 1928; and bus stop waiting rooms in 1945. While the planter class had persuaded poor whites to vote for this legislative effort to suppress

traditional roles, an issue particularly binding white women of the planter class. A diary like Buck's, Weiner wrote, threaded the needle between the

Second, political power in the Southern states should pass from the planter class to his beloved "plebeians". Johnson feared that the freedmen, many of

local officials was further democratized. However, by the 1870s the planter class, well-embedded in the Democratic Party, began a campaign to "redeem"

and returning control of the South to the white Democrats and the planter class, alienating War Democrats in the North. Grant won the popular vote and

to be considered extraordinary by other members of the Low Country planter class. After he published a few sketches in Gullah in his newspaper, public

surveillance was often incorporated into the plantation landscape, noting "the planter class who designed the estate landscapes actively constructed plantation spaces…as

mixing that occurred during slavery was frequently attributed by the planter class to the "lower-class white males" but Davis concludes that "there is

making it the first coffee-growing area in the Western hemisphere, the planter class lost political influence as sugar prices declined in the early 1800s

conscription acts of the Confederacy exempted certain categories, such as the planter class. Enrollment officers and local judges often practiced favoritism, sometimes

popularity of the novels described below, Simms became part of the Southern planter class. He came to firmly support slavery (a "fire-eater"), an attitude that

effectively monopolized state politics. Colquitt represented the old planter class; Brown, head of Western & Atlantic Railroad and one of the states first

was shocked, but "for Lavalette, accustomed to the sovereignty of the planter class, it was a rational response to a perceived threat from below." De la

differential treatment between Africans and the white workers and ruling planter class. In response to these codes, several slave rebellions were attempted

wealth, power, and position in society. The South's leading men of the planter class, had built their world upon slavery and the idea of voluntarily destroying

immediate abolition of slavery and the destruction of the Southern planter class. Although like-minded on slavery, the Radicals were loosely organized

South Carolina, Stone struggled (against the violent resistance of the planter class and the Ku Klux Klan) to achieve the Bureau's objectives of education

Williamsburg, where he was a classmate of Thomas Jefferson, also of the planter class. He fought during the American Revolutionary War, attaining the rank

2012. Note: White Sulphur Springs was a traditional resort for the planter class of the South since the antebellum years. Sarah E. Gardner, Blood And

exciting moment, a moment of great inspiration. And for the southern planter class, it was a moment of enormous terror.[permanent dead link‍] See also

middle-class residents transitioned to the upper-middle class. The planter class constituted the upper class and were the smallest segment of the settler

ISBN 978-0773516304. Dunn, Richard S. (1972). Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624–1713. Chapel Hill, NC: University of

called their new colony Saint-Domingue. As the colony developed, a planter class emerged that created highly profitable plantations- these plantations

ending Reconstruction and returning control of the South to the white planter class, which alienated many War Democrats in the North. The Democrats attacked

slaveholders had been frightened and horrified by the slave massacres of the planter class during the rebellion and after, and a southern-dominated Congress was

(2017-10-10). Educating the Sons of Sugar: Jefferson College and the Creole Planter Class of South Louisiana. ISBN 9780817319663. "SUNDAY'S OBITUARY - Francois

resulted in a change in the political system. The chief interests of the planter class lay in the continued profitability of their estates, and they continued

Cheves urged tariff reduction, as did most members of the South Carolina planter class. In contrast to many of his allies, however, Cheves spoke highly of

created some basic schools early in the colonial period. Generally the planter class hired tutors for the education of their children or sent them to private

mixing that occurred during slavery was frequently attributed by the planter class to the "lower-class White males" but Davis concludes that "there is

raise and process the crops. The Upcountry developed its own wealthy planter class and began to work with Lowcountry planters to protect the institution

legislators came from a slave owning family, and 10–15% belonged to the Planter class. In the statewide election on the secession ordinance, Texans voted

purely or mainly of racism. Since the Civil War broke the old Southern planter class, the South and its politicians, such as Strom Thurmond, etc. have been

slaves of Saint-Domingue. Central to the rise of the gens de couleur planter class was the growing importance of coffee, which thrived on the marginal

form a country governed by "purse-proud aristocrats" of the Southern planter class.: 135  Brownlow endorsed his friend, pro-Union candidate John Bell,

63.4 (1999): 921. Dunn, Richard. Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624–1713 1972. Eccles, Karen E. and Debbie

Carolina was ruled primarily by the wealthy "Bourbon" or "Conservative" planter class that had controlled the state before the Civil War. In the 1880s, though

ISBN 978-0-83863-819-4 Draper, Nicholas (2012). "The rise of a new planter class? Some countercurrents from British Guiana and Trinidad, 1807–33". Atlantic

money by having "the freedom to sell her person as a courtesan to the planter class". At some point, Kirwan also purchased the freedom of her two eldest

rates was especially intense in South Carolina, where the dominant planter class faced few checks on extremism. The South Carolina Exposition and Protest

"The decline of Jamaica's interracial households and the fall of the planter class, 1733–1823." Atlantic Studies 9.1 (2012): 107–123. Michener, James,

infrastructure. Taxes had been exceedingly low before the war because the planter class refused to support programs such as education welfare. The exigencies

the case of South Carolina, this may be because the rise of an elite planter class in the lowcountry along with their concentration of power was more similar

in general. Though Bryan recanted and resumed his place in the white planter class, he did not back down from his belief that he owed a duty to the souls

from America Finalist Richard Dunn Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624–1713 Finalist Loren Graham Science

economic, and social life in the 19th century was dominated by a European planter class. Although the smallest group in terms of numbers, members of the plantocracy

pp. 5-6; R.N. Klein, Unification of a Slave State: the Rise of the Planter Class in the South Carolina Backcountry, 1760-1808, North Carolina, 1990,

Party in the Northern United States, despite being dominated by the planter class. The two groups saw a common cause in a white supremacist politic that

online Klein, Rachel N. Unification of a Slave State: The Rise of the Planter Class in the South Carolina Backcountry, 1760–1808. Chapel Hill, NC: University

35,000, meaning John D. Bellamy was in the upper echelon and of the planter class. The sons of Dr. John D. Bellamy followed in their father’s footsteps

college was a site of negotiation, as daughters of the traditional planter class encountered those of the new commercial elite. Other interplay took

slaveholders had been frightened and horrified by the slave massacres of the planter class during the rebellion and after, and a southern-dominated Congress was

resulted in a change in the political system. The chief interests of the planter class lay in the continued profitability of their estates, and they continued

Jesuits operated some schools for Catholic students. Generally the planter class hired tutors for the education of their children or sent them to private

1978. Klein, Rachel N. Unification of a Slave State: The Rise of the Planter Class in the South Carolina Backcountry, 1760–1808. Chapel Hill, NC: University

slaveholders had been frightened and horrified by the slave massacres of the planter class during the rebellion and after, and a southern-dominated Congress was

History, 2006 Dunn, Richard S. (1973). Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624-1713. New York: W.W. Norton & Company