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Longer titles found: Aluminium(I) nucleophiles (view)

searching for Nucleophile 216 found (621 total)

alternate case: nucleophile

Lectka enantioselective beta-lactam synthesis (317 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the nucleophile rather than the electrophile. Similarly, the imine in the Lectka synthesis behaves as the electrophile rather than the nucleophile as seen

types of acyl derivatives. Acid halides are the most reactive towards nucleophiles, followed by anhydrides, esters, and amides. Carboxylate ions are essentially

Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH, and is commonly called caustic potash. Along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), KOH is a

complexity. The glutaminase domain is homologous to other N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolases such as carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPSase). Nine

unstable at room temperature, owing to the incompatibility of the amine nucleophile and the nitrile electrophile. For this reason it is usually encountered

lacks a critical catalytic triad residue in its active site (cysteine nucleophile mutated to lysine) and thus is suggested to be proteolytically inactive

inside-out in a gale. In the Walden inversion, the backside attack by the nucleophile in an SN2 reaction gives rise to a product whose configuration is opposite

"glycosyl donor") to a nucleophilic glycosyl acceptor molecule, the nucleophile of which can be oxygen- carbon-, nitrogen-, or sulfur-based. The result

"glycosyl donor") to a nucleophilic glycosyl acceptor molecule, the nucleophile of which can be oxygen- carbon-, nitrogen-, or sulfur-based. The result

In organic chemistry, the diazo group is an organic moiety consisting of two linked nitrogen atoms at the terminal position. Overall charge-neutral organic

revised version of the rules is available: The rules apply when the nucleophile can attack the bond in question in an ideal angle. These angles are 180°

alcohol forms the negatively charged alkoxide, which is a much stronger nucleophile. To determine whether or not a given base will be sufficient to deprotonate

Petasis reaction, the vinyl group of the organoboronic acid serves as the nucleophile. In comparison to other methods of generating allyl amines, the Petasis

body scavenges oxidizing free radicals and peroxides and as a thiol nucleophile, attacks dangerous alkylating electrophiles, which may be exogenous toxins

similar to nucleophilic aliphatic substitution where the reactant is a nucleophile rather than an electrophile. The four possible electrophilic aliphatic

electrophile (readily susceptible to attack from alkoxides etc.) but a poor nucleophile would typically be easier to protonate than to participate in the reaction

depolymerisation of condensed tannins with the use of benzyl mercaptan as nucleophile is also called thiolysis. Rao, Balaji; Simpson, Carolyne; Lin, Hui; Liang

nucleophilic water molecule) or as a nucleophile. Subsequently, the functional role of the SOH center as nucleophile has obtained experimental support.

preparation of its diazonium salt followed by its displacement with a nucleophile in the presence of catalytic copper(I) salts. The most commonly employed

beta-nitroamine. With the reaction involving the addition of an acidic carbon nucleophile to a carbon-heteroatom double bond, the nitro-Mannich reaction is related

quaternary hydrocarbons, which have no clear Lewis basic site for binding the nucleophile, are nonetheless capable of inducing asymmetric catalysis in the reaction

exhibited a dependence on the magnitude of charge on the oxygen of the nucleophile. Taken together this led the group to propose a reaction mechanism in

exhibited a dependence on the magnitude of charge on the oxygen of the nucleophile. Taken together this led the group to propose a reaction mechanism in

nucleophilic species used will deprotonate the heterocycle over acting as a nucleophile. Again, in contrast to nucleophilic aromatic substitution, the Minisci

substitutions: the amine is the first nucleophile displacing the bromine atom which then acts as the second nucleophile. In following the mechanism is described

originally developed using dimethyl sulfoxide or pyridine-N-oxide as the nucleophile. The Ganem oxidation has been used as an intermediate step in the total

suggested that Tyr504 of β-glucuronidase might stabilize the leaving nucleophile (Glu540) or modulate its activity. In addition to these residues, a conserved

the generation of aziridines by the reaction of α-chloroimines with nucleophiles such as hydride, cyanide, or Grignard reagents. The De Kimpe aziridine

activated by thianthrene-5-oxide and Tf2O is treated with an amide nucleophile and a glycosyl acceptor to produce various 1,2-trans C-2-amidoglycosides

formation of azetidine due to the proximity of the leaving group and nucleophile in the former, which increases the probability that they would meet in

species. This electrophilic intermediate may be attacked by a variety of nucleophiles or undergo rearrangement or elimination. Hypervalent iodine(III) compounds

substituents on both the intermediate and carbonyl. An α-attack from the nucleophile (at the position bearing the halogen) is distinguishable from a γ-attack

Electrophilic Benzene Addition reaction, where it serves as a complementary nucleophile to the highly electrophilic benzene ring formed via McLafferty Rearranagement

glycosynthase enzymes. The first was that a change of the active site nucleophile of a glycosidase from a carboxylate to another amino acid resulted in

behaves in a similar way to its lighter analogue, as an ambidentate nucleophile. This ambidentate character of the anion means that it is able to bind

established in the last decade. Alkene substrates with a tethered nitrogen nucleophile have been used in these transformations to promote intramolecular aminocyclization

requires two critical molecules; a proton donor (most likely an acid) and a nucleophile(most likely a base). The Endoglycosidases mechanism has two forms; an

greater than 90˚ due to a better orbital overlap between the HOMO of the nucleophile and the π* LUMO of the C-O double bond. Although the tetrahedral intermediates

substitution (SN2) reactions are concerted reactions where both the nucleophile and substrate are involved in the rate limiting step. Since this reaction

reaction is highly exothermic. In the first step, the alkene acts as a nucleophile and attacks the proton, following Markovnikov's rule. In the second step

is the simultaneous activation of both partners in a reaction, e.g. nucleophile and electrophile, termed "bifunctional catalysis". In all cases, the

of the molecule. Triggering can also occur via attack by an external nucleophile.[citation needed] Bergman cyclization restructures the enediyne ring

Pinner reaction – a similar reaction using alcohols or amines as the nucleophile and without the reduction; generated esters, carboximidates or orthoesters

case, alcohol dehydrogenation is followed by reductive generation of a nucleophile, which triggers carbonyl addition. As borrowing hydrogen processes avoid

active site residue deprotonates the water hydroxide making it a better nucleophile. Schink B (1985). "Fermentation of acetylene by an obligate anaerobe

with sulfide or thioester electrophiles and boronic acid or stannane nucleophiles but many other coupling partners are viable. In addition to alkyl and

compounds. Cyanoethylation entails addition of protic nucleophiles to acrylonitrile. Typical protic nucleophiles are alcohols, thiols, and amines. Two new bonds

pre-mRNA branch region bulges out the branch adenosine specifying it as the nucleophile for the first transesterification. The presence of a pseudouridine residue

Imidazolate (C3H3N− 2) is the conjugate base of imidazole. It is a nucleophile and a strong base. The free anion has C2v symmetry. Imidazole has a pKa

nucleophilic bimolecular reactions are concerted reactions where both the nucleophile and substrate are involved in the rate limiting step. Since this reaction

or ester into its corresponding enolate. Then, the enolate anion as a nucleophile attacks the oxygen atom of the oxaziridine in a SN2 mechanism, forming

(aldehydes) > R2CO (ketones) > RCO2R' (esters) > RCONH2 (amides). A variety of nucleophiles attack, breaking the carbon-oxygen double bond. Interactions between

special type of substitution reaction. ANRORC stands for Addition of the Nucleophile, Ring Opening, and Ring Closure in nucleophilic attack on ring systems

Diisopropylamine is a common amine nucleophile in organic synthesis. Because it is bulky, it is a more selective nucleophile than other similar amines, such

react with carbon nucleophiles, such as Grignards and enolates, although mixtures of products can result. While a carbon nucleophile will react with the

related to the biochemical actions of peroxynitrite, a potent oxidant and nucleophile formed secondary to the diffusion-controlled reaction of nitric oxide

related to the biochemical actions of peroxynitrite, a potent oxidant and nucleophile formed secondary to the diffusion-controlled reaction of nitric oxide

mechanism. First, His-57 deprotonates Ser-195, allowing it to serve as a nucleophile. Deprotonated Ser-195 then reacts with the carbonyl carbon of a peptide

oxidation to a carbocation (and subsequent β-elimination or trapping with a nucleophile) and hydrogen abstraction to generate a saturated carbonyl compound containing

second carbon atom. Enamines are both good nucleophiles and good bases. Their behavior as carbon-based nucleophiles is explained with reference to the following

hydrolyses a peptide bond using the thiol group of a cysteine residue as a nucleophile (hence also called cysteine protease). It is also known as asparaginyl

hydrolysis, the same mechanism is used, but with a water molecule as the nucleophile. The following protein synthesis inhibitors target the peptidyl transferase

common substrate, as they readily deprotonate to excellent phenoxide nucleophiles. Other electron-rich substrates, such as mesitylene, pyrrole, or fused

member of the choloylglycine hydrolase family, a subset of the N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase superfamily. NAAA has a molecular weight of 31 kDa. The activation

reagent. Subsequent treatment with an acid results in the addition of a nucleophile to the benzene ring at a site ortho ("cine"), meta or para ("tele") to

oxygen of the C-2 acetamido group of the substrate acts as the catalytic nucleophile/base in this family of enzymes. In the brain and other tissues, beta-hexosaminidase

the Zn2+ coordinated water by Glu 270 provides an activated hydroxide nucleophile which attacks the amide carbonyl group in the peptide bond in a nucleophilic

pyridine as a solvent with at least one of the withdrawing groups on the nucleophile is a carboxylic acid, for example, with malonic acid. Under these conditions

deviation from the regular Hammett equation is explained by the charge of nucleophile.[non-primary source needed] Despite nonlinearity in benzylic SN2 reactions

generally weak nitrosating agents, but nitrosate amines in the presence of a nucleophile catalyst. tert-Butyl nitrite has been shown to be an effective reagent

reagents to give acyls. This reaction proceeds by attack of the alkyl nucleophile on the electrophilic CO ligand. In practical sense, the most important

with the α-isomer predominating (3). Solvolysis in the presence of a nucleophile such as acetic acid reverses the cyclopropylcarbinyl transformation to

Swain equation Use of Hydrogen Isotope Effects to Identify the Attacking Nucleophile in the Enolization of Ketones Catalyzed by Acetic Acid C. Gardner Swain

electrophile and the hydride (provided typically from a borohydride) is the nucleophile. Some metal formyls are produced by reaction of metal carbonyl anions

been proposed as a catalytic residue, but it is not known if it is the nucleophile or the proton donor. Beta-amylase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes 1,4-alpha-glucosidic

of a base, yielding a carboxylic acid derivative corresponding to the nucleophile (most often the base itself). E1cb will occur if α-carbon adjacent to

hydroxyl group of the substrate. The deprotonated oxygen then acts as a nucleophile and performs a Sn2 reaction on the vicinal carbon that is bonded to the

the asparagine peptide lyases involves an asparagine residue acting as nucleophile to perform a nucleophilic elimination reaction, rather than hydrolysis

carbon atom or a carbocation intermediate) acting as an electrophile. The nucleophile will have a 50% probability of 'hitting' either of the two sides of the

molecules by reacting: CH• 3 + R• → RCH 3 Because of the capture of the nucleophile (R•), methyl has oxidising character. Methyl is a strong oxidant with

towards reaction. The α carbon is an electrophile and the β carbon a nucleophile; that is, nitrones polarize like carbonyls and nitriles but unlike nitro

tosylates that allows an SN2 reaction to occur in the presence of a good nucleophile. A tosyl group can function as a protecting group in organic synthesis

protonated, the H2O group formed leaves, forming a carbocation, and the nucleophile Cl− (which is present in excess) readily attacks the carbocation, forming

n-butyllithium. The resulting organolithium compound can then be used as a nucleophile in various reactions, for example, with trimethylsilyl chloride:

unsaturation of fats and related samples. The iodide anion is a good nucleophile and will displace chloride, tosylate, bromide and other leaving groups

peroxides) and in line with its low basicity, bromite is a rather weak nucleophile. Rate constants of bromite towards carbocations and acceptor-substituted

substitution reactions. In associative ligand substitution, the entering nucleophile resides in the second coordination sphere. These effects are relevant

condensation is achieved using equimolar amount of dimeric catechin nucleophile and monomeric catechin electrophile catalyzed by AgOTf or AgBF4. The

+ N 2 + BF 3 Although hydrogen fluoride may appear to be an unlikely nucleophile, it is the most common source of fluoride in the synthesis of organofluorine

diazonium group is easily displaced (unlike the amino group) by a variety of nucleophiles. NO+, e.g. as NOBF4, is a strong oxidizing agent: vs. ferrocene/ferrocenium

that excludes phospholipid substrates from the active site. A threonine nucleophile has been identified through site-directed mutagenesis, and the reaction

all. A proposed mechanism involves the 2' alcohol oxygen acting as a nucleophile to attack the gamma-phosphoryl of ATP, releasing ADP. NADK is highly

dimerization. (5) When external nucleophiles are added to phenolic oxidations, further reactions of the nucleophile with the resulting quinone may occur

able to deprotonate the coordinated water molecule to make a hydroxyl nucleophile. Glu-270 and Arg-127 play an important role in catalysis shown in Figure

able to deprotonate the coordinated water molecule to make a hydroxyl nucleophile. Glu-270 and Arg-127 play an important role in catalysis shown in Figure

match for the HOMO of nucleophiles. Hence, benzyne possesses electrophilic character and undergoes reactions with nucleophiles. A detailed MO analysis

lactase have proposed that hydrolysis is initiated when a glutamate nucleophile on the enzyme attacks from the axial side of the galactosyl carbon in

α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound with an imine in the presence of a nucleophile Bayless, a surname Bayliss, a surname This disambiguation page lists

intramolecular Mannich reaction, where the C(2) carbon atom of indole serves as a nucleophile. Then, the aromaticity is restored via the loss of a proton at the C(2)

nucleophilic than their conjugate bases, thiolates, DTT becomes a less potent nucleophile as the pH falls. (2S)-2-Amino-1,4-dimercaptobutane (dithiobutylamine

chiral 3,3-disubstituted oxindole derivatives. The dioxindole is a strong nucleophile for the Michael addition of dioxindoles to nitroalkenes in order to obtain

insoluble in water and thus forms a solid. Note that nitrogen is a better nucleophile than oxygen and most nitrites would react via an SN2-like mechanism and

in-line SN2 reaction is carried out using the 2’ hydroxyl group as a nucleophile attacking the bridging phosphate and causing 5’ oxygen of the N+1 base

Sullivan PA, Withers SG (1997). "Identification of Glu-330 as the catalytic nucleophile of Candida albicans exo-beta-(1,3)-glucanase". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (6):

the Diels–Alder and ene reactions. Alternatively, it can react as a nucleophile or a proton scavenger. Diethylaluminium chloride is not only flammable

antibonding molecular orbital (the LUMO, shown to the right in red) and the nucleophile (X−) lone pair (the HOMO, shown to the right below in green), X− must

acid used, coordination of the nucleophile to the Lewis acid may be significant. Reaction of this "blocked" nucleophile with 1 results in undesired constitutional

of 5-Fluorowillardiine may be achieved by using 5-Fluorouracil as a nucleophile to open a specialized lactone in an SN2 reaction. Another straightforward

peptide bonds by attacking the unreactive carbonyl group with a powerful nucleophile, the serine 195 residue located in the active site of the enzyme, which

is reactive toward nucleophiles, resulting in the replacement of the chloride. In a characteristic reaction of TMSCl, the nucleophile is water, resulting

above. It can be neutralised by sodium thiosulfate; the thiosulfate is a nucleophile which opens the three-membered ring. The presence of BEI can be tested

over other hydrogen halides because the iodide ion is a much better nucleophile than bromide or chloride, so the reaction can take place at a reasonable

the aluminium center that can receive electron density from an added nucleophile. The resulting negatively charged aluminate is much more nucleophilic

the gamma synthase mechanism, the gamma carbon is attacked by a sulfur nucleophile, resulting in the formation of a new sulfur-gamma carbon bond. Cystathionine

natural products. Isoindolines can be prepared by 1,2-addition of a nucleophile onto a bifunctional ε-benzoiminoenoates followed by intramolecular aza-Michael

alkyllithium and Grignard reagents, so it may be used when a "softer" nucleophile is needed. It is also used extensively in materials science chemistry

bond to the substrate dUMP through a 1,4-addition involving a cysteine nucleophile. The substrate tetrahydrofolate donates a methyl group to the alpha carbon

strands. As their family name suggests, a highly conserved tyrosine nucleophile cleaves the DNA strands. The nucleophilic properties of the tyrosine

this reaction, sulfur trioxide is an electrophile and the arene is the nucleophile. The reaction is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Alkylsulfonic

subsite-1. Glutamate is likely the catalytic acid/base, aspartate the nucleophile, and another aspartate the transition state stabilizer. These three residues

reactivity as the bonds are strained to equalize charge by seeking a nucleophile to which the building charge will equalize into in the subsequent reaction

group, the electron-rich ligand of f-block metallocenes can act as a nucleophile during organometallic reactions. For example, they can polymerize olefins

ΔG≠non-polar is large. SN2: For an SN2 mechanism a strongly basic nucleophile (i.e. a charged nucleophile) is favorable. In figure 11 below the rate determining

aldolization refers to the addition of an enolate or enolation as a nucleophile to a carbonyl moiety as an electrophile. This produces a β-hydroxyaldehyde

As an enone, cyclohexenone is easily adapted to Michael addition with nucleophiles (such as enolates or silyl enol ethers) or, it could be employed by a

Vidovic and Aldridge reported that two equivalents of the ruthenium-based nucleophile Na[CpRu(CO)2] (Cp, cyclopentadienyl; [C5H5]−) reacts with boron trifluoride

positively charged magnesium ions. Finally an activated water molecule acts a nucleophile and hydrolyzes the substrate, giving inositol and inorganic phosphate

completely novel enzyme, it appears to be a member of the N-terminal nucleophile (N-tn) hydrolase family. Specifically, computational approaches classify

positive charge on the carbonyl carbon. A hydroxide ion, acting as a nucleophile, attacks the now electrophilic carbonyl carbon, yielding sp3 hybridization

insertion of SO2 into metal alkyl bond begins with attack of the alkyl nucleophile on the sulfur centre in SO2. The "insertion" proceed the sulfur dioxide

specific phosphodiester linkage by SN2 mechanism. The O2' acts as a nucleophile to attack the adjacent P, with O5’ as a leaving group. The catalytic

Michael reaction, the ketone is deprotonated by a base to form an enolate nucleophile which attacks the electron acceptor (in red). This acceptor is generally

2002). "The catalytic center of glucose-6-phosphatase. HIS176 is the nucleophile forming the phosphohistidine-enzyme intermediate during catalysis". The

active site of the nitrile hydratases. The S=O group is proposed as the nucleophile that attacks the nitrile. The prefix sulfenyl in organic nomenclature

+ RCO2H As with acid halides, anhydrides can also react with carbon nucleophiles to furnish ketones and/or tertiary alcohols, and can participate in both

two steps. 4CL forms a hydroxycinnamate–AMP anhydride, followed by a nucleophile attack on the carbonyl of the acyl adenylate. Finally, Cinnamoyl-CoA

sidechain to become a quinonoid intermediate, which in turn can act as a nucleophile in several reaction pathways. In transamination, after deprotonation

Hydride is subsequently removed from the secondary carbon and acts as a nucleophile in electron transfer to the NAD+ nicotinamide ring. As a result, the

Ph2Se2 is its reduction: Ph2Se2 + 2 Na → 2 PhSeNa PhSeNa is a useful nucleophile used to introduce the phenylselenyl group by nucleophilic substitution

so-called "quasi-Favorskii rearrangement" proceeds without an additional nucleophile to form the final contracted product. The cationic rearrangement contraction

beta-ketoacyl thiolase from Zoogloea ramigera: identification of the active-site nucleophile as Cys89, its mutation to Ser89, and kinetic and thermodynamic characterization

positions the C2-acetamindo group so that it can be attacked by the nucleophile (N-acetamido oxygen atom on carbon 1 of the substrate). The aspartate

ineffective.[citation needed] The enzymes differ by the identity of the nucleophile used in the reaction: glutathione for FosA, bacillithiol for FosB, and

beta-ketoacyl thiolase from Zoogloea ramigera: identification of the active-site nucleophile as Cys89, its mutation to Ser89, and kinetic and thermodynamic characterization

ineffective.[citation needed] The enzymes differ by the identity of the nucleophile used in the reaction: glutathione for FosA, bacillithiol for FosB, and

function also has a thioester bond that forces it to attach to surface nucleophile of the activator(namely the pathogen or IC). Phagocytes have receptors

Ph2Se2 is its reduction: Ph2Se2 + 2 Na → 2 PhSeNa PhSeNa is a useful nucleophile used to introduce the phenylselenyl group by nucleophilic substitution

permanent quenching or termination by other pathways. In addition, a weak nucleophile (Nu:) can also be added to reduce the concentration of active species

diisopropylamide results in lithiation exclusively at the C2 position. This strong nucleophile can then be used as such with other electrophiles. Bergman and Venemalm

original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022. "Electrophile – Nucleophile – Basicity – Acidity – pH Scale". City Collegiate. Archived from the

their active center, with the cysteine residue acting as the attacking nucleophile, whereas type I and II PKSs are characterized by a Cys-His-His catalytic

hydrolysis of the acylating agent but the hydroperoxide anion is a superior nucleophile relative to hydroxide. Unsymmetrical diacyl peroxides can be produced

which is consistent with the prediction that the 2′-hydroxyl is the nucleophile in the chemical reaction. Hence, unlike many other ribozymes, such as

atom of the hydroxyethyl group attached to TPP attacks - as a strong nucleophile - one of the relatively electron-deficient sulfur atoms of the intramolecular

undergoes base catalysis, rendering the incoming water molecule a better nucleophile by deprotonating it. The resulting hydroxyl ion attacks the carbonyl

Alessio; Chirgadze, Dimitri Y.; Blundell, Tom L.; Abell, Chris (2007). "Nucleophile Selectivity of Chorismate-Utilizing Enzymes". ChemBioChem. 8 (6): 622–624

list (link) H. G. Viehe (1959), "Heterosubstituierte Acetylene, III. Nucleophile Substitutionen und Halogen-Metall-Austauschreaktionen an Dreifachbindungen"

the 5' end of the heptamer. This creates a 3' OH group which acts as a nucleophile in a transesterification attack on the antiparallel strand, yielding

electrophile, and nucleophilic aromatic substitution, when the reagent is a nucleophile. In radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution, the active reagent is

3'-hydroxyl group of the last ribonucleotide in the chain acts as a nucleophile and launches a hydrophilic attack on the 5'-triphosphate of the incoming

2 [C3H3N2H2]Cl In this conversion, the imidazole serves both as the nucleophile and the base. An alternative precursor 1-(trimethylsilyl)imidazole requires

in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with ammonium hydroxide as a nucleophile, replacing the second chloride ion with ammonia. This reaction yields

reactive at the oxygen position, but the oxygen position is a "hard" nucleophile whereas the alpha-carbon positions tend to be "soft". Phenol is highly

the corresponding Na2Sex and Na2Tex, where x is approximately 2. As a nucleophile, NaHOCH2SO2 reacts with alkylating agents to give sulfones. HO-CH2-SO2Na

and formamidinium salts to form diaminocarbenes. It is also a potent nucleophile. In organic synthesis, DMSO is used as a mild oxidant. It forms the basis

damnification, the resulting carbonium ion is more likely to react with a nucleophile present (water in this case) and not undergo rearrangement. Five member

and a carbonyl compound, is a carbanion, which plays the role of the nucleophile in the nucleophilic addition to the ion formed by the reaction of the

Intramolecular Processing and Substrate Hydrolysis in the N-Terminal Nucleophile Hydrolase hASRGL1 by Circular Permutation". ACS Chemical Biology. 7 (11):

Josef; Steimann, Manfred; Wagner, Barbara; Beck, Wolfgang (1990). "Nucleophile Addition von Carbonylmetallaten an kationische Alkin-Komplexe [CpL2M(η2-RC≡CR)]+

nucleophilic attack by benzoate anion. The benzoate anion acts as a nucleophile again to displace iodide through a neighboring-group participation mechanism

Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc. Sudbury, MA, 1997. Nelson, Donna J.; Nucleophile / Electrophile Reaction Guide for Organic Chemistry Archived 2008-10-12

reaction hydrazines react with imides to give triazoles. Being a good nucleophile, N2H4 can attack sulfonyl halides and acyl halides. The tosylhydrazine

accessible through pentacenequinone by reaction with an aryl or alkynyl nucleophile (for example Grignard or organolithium reagents) followed by reductive

compounds react readily with nucleophiles like water, alcohols, amines, thiols, and Grignard reagents. If the nucleophile is water the product is a sulfinic

propose a three step mechanism: (1) formation of allylic carbocation; (2) nucleophile attack of tryptophan on the carbocation; (3) deprotonation to restore

react readily with many other nucleophiles as well, most notably alcohols and amines (see Hinsberg reaction). If the nucleophile is an alcohol, the product

involved in substrate binding and catalysis. These residues act as a nucleophile, with the glutamic acid serving as a general acid in the first phase

pressure. Usage of a Nickel tetracarbonyl catalyst with CO and water as a nucleophile is known as the Reppe carbonylation, and there are many variations on

463N. doi:10.1002/sce.3730420523. Dewick, Paul M. (2013). "Oxygen as a Nucleophile: Hemicetals, Hemiketals, Acetals and Ketals". Essentials of Organic Chemistry:

(see PDB database). The bridging water or hydroxide ligand acts as a nucleophile during the hydrolysis reaction, but the exact mechanism of catalysis

substrate. Bifunctional glycosylases, instead, use an amine residue as a nucleophile to attack the same carbon, going through a Schiff base intermediate.

phosphorus center. N1 on G40 acts a general base in which it activates the nucleophile 2'-OH on G53. G32 acts as a general acid in which it neutralizes the

condensation is achieved using equimolar amount of dimeric catechin nucleophile and monomeric catechin electrophile catalyzed by AgOTf or AgBF4. The

in metallic sodium to yield a nucleophilic nitroxide. The nitroxide nucleophile is then added to an appropriate alkyl bromide, yielding the alkoxyamine

PCl5 or POCl3 to malononitrile. Via the acidic methylene group as a nucleophile Ethyl cyanoacetate is a building block for the synthesis of heterocycles

(TIPSOCLMB), which is stable in presence of air oxygen. In presence of nucleophile reagents, e.g. water, the blocked leuco dye compound undergoes hydrolysis

strain Y with high transglycosylation activity and an unusual catalytic nucleophile". Biochemical Journal. 391 (2): 269. doi:10.1042/BJ20050346. ISSN 0264-6021

PMID 6745687. M. Gergely; A. Takacs; L.Kollar (2016). "4-Amino-TEMPO as N-Nucleophile in Palladium-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation". Heterocyclic Chemistry. 54

of 33 kDa, the mature form of which is a 28-kDa protein and has the nucleophile-His-acid catalytic triad. ABHD10 is a mitochondrial protein with a predicted

release in which an α-amino group, namely threonine, acts as an internal nucleophile during cyclization to yield the 10-amino-acid ring (Figure 6). The termination

Allenes can also be prepared by nucleophilic substitution in 9 and 10 (nucleophile Nu− can be a hydride anion), 1,2-elimination from 8, proton transfer

temperature with much higher para-meta selectivity. Urotropin, a weak nucleophile, could participate in a Michael addition to an alkynyl Fischer carbene

histidine at position 533 and aspartic acid at position 550. The important nucleophile is cysteine located at the N-terminal alpha helix of the protein core

acids (including acetic acid itself), encouraging ethanol to react as a nucleophile. As a result, ethyl acetate – the ester of ethanol and acetic acid –

This germylene ester is reported to further react at -78 °C with the nucleophile lithium amidoborane (LiH2NBH3), which can be formed by treatment of the

determine the following mechanism for the enzyme: In Step 1 & 2, the nucleophile O− on the hydroxide ion coordinated to Zn2+ performs a nucleophilic attack

boronic acid to produce a ketone. The boronic acid organic residue is a nucleophile in conjugate addition also in conjunction with a metal. In one study

elastase, thrombin etc.), TEV protease uses a cysteine as its catalytic nucleophile (as do many other viral proteases). Covalent catalysis is performed with

must be added, such as a strong acid to protonate the polymer, or a nucleophile to add an end cap the polymer. If the π-complex is too weakly bound,

improved upon their earlier work, allowing for the use of water as the nucleophile in the epoxide opening. Utilizing a nearly identical catalyst, ee's in

the peptide bond by using the thiol group of a cysteine residue as the nucleophile. In order to hydrolyse, the whole catalytic triad of the enzyme must

alkene moiety, while the 1,2 adduct is the result of the attack by the nucleophile (Br−) at the carbon of the allylic cation bearing the greatest positive

isomer. The process is highly dependent on the solvent, nature of the nucleophile, and moieties in the compound. In primary vinyl cations, a 1,2-hydride

acid groups of a meso diacid leads to selective attack by an achiral nucleophile at one of the (now) diastereotopic carbonyl groups. (13) Enzymatic reactions

facilitated is by general acid-base catalysis which strengthen the oxygen nucleophile by removing bonded proteins and stabilizing the oxyanion leaving groups

nucleophilic oxygen under aprotic conditions. In addition, when an external nucleophile is added to equilibrating epoxide isomers, the ratio of opened products

from the majority of β-glycosidases, which use a carboxyl group as a nucleophile in their mechanisms. Although E332 is located farther away from the anomeric

due to initial peripheral attack of the dimethylsulfonium methylide nucleophile on the ketone. Subsequent removal of the TBS protecting group and Sarett

elimination reaction (E2). This reaction proceeds most readily when the nucleophile attacks the species that is antiperiplanar to the leaving group. A molecular

Josef; Steimann, Manfred; Wagner, Barbara; Beck, Wolfgang (1990). "Nucleophile Addition von Carbonylmetallaten an kationische Alkin-Komplexe [CpL2M(η2-RC≡CR)]+

phosphirenium ion may be broken. Successive reactions with suitable nucleophile are able to proceed on the electrophilic phosphorus atom. With the presence

to an oxycarbenium ion, which is subsequently trapped by an internal nucleophile. The utility of the Suárez modification of the Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag

linking the 3' end of the strand to the hydroxyl group of the tyrosine nucleophile (Fig. 1). Strand exchange then proceeds via a crossed strand intermediate

one-electron reducing power of Ni, the Nickel reacts more as an amide nucleophile than as a reducing agent. Furthermore, he investigated the reaction of

transition state with a positive charge on the nitrogen and an oxyanion nucleophile, which is stabilized by hydrogen bond interactions with Tyr247, that

can undergo a nucleophilic attack by an amine, an alcohol, or another nucleophile. A molecule of 4,6,-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-ol is released and the