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Find link is a tool written by Edward Betts.Longer titles found: Neural Engineering Object (view)
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Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute
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The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (HWNI) at the University of California, Berkeley was created in 1997 as the Center for Neuroscience. It was renamedRandal A. Koene (360 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Boston University Center for Memory and Brain and co-founding the Neural Engineering Corporation of Massachusetts. He also established MindUploading.orgHuntington Medical Research Institutes (1,273 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
conducted at the 99 North El Molino Avenue facility until April 2018. The Neural Engineering program is conducted at the 734 Fairmount Avenue building directlyThomas Daniel (biologist) (189 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article
National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering. Since 2006, he has served on the Scientific Advisory Board for theAnnual BCI Research Award (802 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
the Graz Brain-Computer Interface Conference at the Institute of Neural Engineering of Graz University of Technology in Graz, Austria. The following listSocial Science Research Laboratory (181 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Foundation Biological Field Stations HPWREN Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering Mount Laguna Observatory Social Science Research Laboratory SycuanMedial calcaneal branches of the tibial nerve (198 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
sensation to individuals with lower-limb amputations". Journal of Neural Engineering. 15 (5): 056002. Bibcode:2018JNEng..15e6002C. doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aac964Cortical implant (2,945 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
neural prosthesis for restoring and enhancing memory". Journal of Neural Engineering. 8 (4): 046017. Bibcode:2011JNEng...8d6017B. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/8/4/046017Chronic electrode implant (3,173 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
vascular damage during neuroprosthetic device insertion. Journal of Neural Engineering, 2006. 3: p. 12. ^ Weldon, D.T., et al., Fibrillar beta-amyloid inducesThorsten O. Zander (2,874 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
technology to human-machine systems in general. Journal of Neural Engineering". Journal of Neural Engineering. 8 (2): 025005. Bibcode:2011JNEng...8b5005Z. doi:10Christine E. Schmidt (1,127 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Life Sciences Award for her "research achievements in the area of neural engineering." While working in her lab with two graduate students, they co-developedSan Diego State University Georgia Campus (417 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Foundation Biological Field Stations HPWREN Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering Mount Laguna Observatory Social Science Research Laboratory SycuanElectroencephalography (15,879 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
via electroencephalography: a state-of-the-art review". Journal of Neural Engineering. 12 (5): 051001. Bibcode:2015JNEng..12e1001J. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/12/5/051001Leaky integrator (161 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
the initial condition. Eliasmith, Anderson, Chris, Charles (2003). Neural Engineering. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. pp. 81. ISBN 9780262050715.{{citeJohns Hopkins University Department of Biomedical Engineering (1,164 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
medicine, neural engineering Steven L Salzberg, Bloomberg Distinguished Professor - biomedical analytics, genomic engineering Sridevi V. Sarma, neural engineeringData augmentation (1,772 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
self-paced motor imagery classification with C-LSTM". Journal of Neural Engineering. 17 (1): 016041. Bibcode:2020JNEng..17a6041F. doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ab57c0IOP Publishing (863 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Instrumentation Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering Journal of Neural Engineering Journal of Optics Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and TheoreticalPatrick E. Crago (880 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
co-director for the Applied Neural Control Laboratory (currently Neural Engineering Center) at Case Western Reserve University from 1977 to 1978. He joinedMilos R. Popovic (1,590 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
appointed TRI's Director of Research. He is also the leader of the Neural Engineering and Therapeutics research team at iDAPT (Intelligent Design for AdaptationBiological Technologies Office (DARPA) (601 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article
Measuring Biological Aptitude (MBA) Microphysiological Systems (MPS) Neural Engineering System Design (NESD) Neuro Function, Activity, Structure, and TechnologyEar-EEG (2,755 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
ear-EEG: cEEGrid versus high-density cap-EEG comparison". Journal of Neural Engineering. 13 (6): 066004. Bibcode:2016JNEng..13f6004B. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/13/6/066004School of Engineering (Trinity College Dublin) (1,714 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
hydrogeology, wind energy, transport modelling, media signal processing, neural engineering, future networks and communications engineering, instrumentation andQueensland Brain Institute (715 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
neurological diseases. SUSTech-UQ Joint Centre for Neuroscience and Neural Engineering, officially opened in 2020, aims, through multi-disciplinary researchSensory-motor coupling (2,032 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
integration: perspectives from adaptive control theory". Journal of Neural Engineering. 2 (3): S147–63. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/2/3/S01. PMC 2263077. PMID 16135881Spiking neural network (3,369 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
(August 2016). "Large-scale neuromorphic computing systems". Journal of Neural Engineering. 13 (5): 051001. Bibcode:2016JNEng..13e1001F. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/13/5/051001Contingent negative variation (2,228 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Paradigm. Proceedings of the 4th International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, Antalya, Turkey, p. 451-454, 2009 Tecce, J.J. (1972). "ContingentMu wave (3,438 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
extending BCIs through hybridization and intelligent control". Journal of Neural Engineering. 9 (1): 013001. Bibcode:2012JNEng...9a3001A. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/9/1/013001Abacus (5,960 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
and normal subjects". First International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, 2003. Conference Proceedings. pp. 553–556. doi:10.1109/CNE.2003.1196886Sea cucumber (7,768 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
implants improve the proximity of neuronal cell bodies". Journal of Neural Engineering. 8 (6): 066011. Bibcode:2011JNEng...8f6011H. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/8/6/066011Neurotrophic factors (1,784 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
neurotrophic factor combinations for neurite outgrowth". Journal of Neural Engineering. 3 (2): 172–179. Bibcode:2006JNEng...3..172D. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/3/2/011Sea cucumber (7,768 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
implants improve the proximity of neuronal cell bodies". Journal of Neural Engineering. 8 (6): 066011. Bibcode:2011JNEng...8f6011H. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/8/6/066011Michael J. Black (2,831 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
cortical spiking activity in humans with tetraplegia". Journal of Neural Engineering. 5 (4): 455–476. Bibcode:2008JNEng...5..455K. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/5/4/010Adaptive deep brain stimulation (3,089 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
stimulation: is it time to change gears by closing the loop?". Journal of Neural Engineering. 18 (6): 061001. Bibcode:2021JNEng..18f1001M. doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ac3267Om Swami (948 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Meditative State". 2019 9th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). pp. 57–60. doi:10.1109/NER.2019.8717094. ISBN 978-1-5386-7921-0List of Angelo State University people (942 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
University Kokomo Rajesh Rao, director of NSF Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering; Professor of Computer Science and Engineering, University of WashingtonSubvocal recognition (1,430 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
words using electrocorticographic signals in humans". Journal of Neural Engineering. 8 (4): 046028. Bibcode:2011JNEng...8d6028P. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/8/4/046028Magnetoencephalography (5,006 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
magnetoencephalography: a functional biomarker for brain disorders". Journal of Neural Engineering. 4 (4): 349–55. Bibcode:2007JNEng...4..349G. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/4/4/001N400 (neuroscience) (3,099 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article
capturing electromagnetic markers of orientation processing". Journal of Neural Engineering. 16 (1): 016008. doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aae91e. PMID 30507557. S2CID 54578462Photovoltaic retinal prosthesis (443 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
retinal prosthesis: Implant fabrication and performance". Journal of Neural Engineering. 9 (4): 046014. Bibcode:2012JNEng...9d6014W. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/9/4/046014Christian Wentz (705 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
for optical neural control of freely-behaving animals". Journal of Neural Engineering. 8 (4): 046021. Bibcode:2011JNEng...8d6021W. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/8/4/046021Cutaneous rabbit illusion (2,064 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
features of perception, including temporal illusions". Journal of Neural Engineering. 2 (3): S209–18. Bibcode:2005JNEng...2S.209G. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/2/3/S05Visual prosthesis (3,674 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
simulated vision for a cortical visual prosthesis device". Journal of Neural Engineering. 6 (3): 035008. Bibcode:2009JNEng...6c5008S. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/6/3/035008Thomas Oxley (neurologist) (1,082 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article
Australia Education Monash University, MD University of Melbourne, PhD Neural Engineering Years active 2012-Present Known for Interventional Neurologist CEORetinal implant (3,213 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
mobility performance in simulated prosthetic vision". Journal of Neural Engineering. 4 (1): S92-101. Bibcode:2007JNEng...4S..92D. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/4/1/s11Rice University (12,724 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Neuroengineering Initiative (NEI) – fosters research collaborations in neural engineering topics Rice Space Institute (RSI) – fosters programs in all areasCyborg (11,465 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Biobotic Domestication. 4th International Conference of the IEEE Neural Engineering (NER'09), Antalya, Turkey. Guizzo, Eric. "Moth Pupa + MEMS Chip =Penn State College of Engineering (10,979 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
nanotechnology into both education and industry applications Center for Neural Engineering: an inter-college research center dedicated to the development ofNeuroDimension (282 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Steven Reid, MD, Jose Principe, PhD (Director of the Computational Neural Engineering Lab at the University of Florida) and Curt Lefebvre, PhD (CEO of nDimensional)Sarah Ballard (1,235 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
2015), Tips to Defeat Your Inner Imposter, Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering Wright, Jason T. (June 2, 2015), "Impostor syndrome", blog, PennsylvaniaMicromagnetics (3,486 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Mulitelectrode Array. 2019 9th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). pp. 1758–761. doi:10.1109/NER.2019.8717125. Abert, Claas (2019)Burst suppression (2,277 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
state-space methods for tracking EEG burst suppression". Journal of Neural Engineering. 10 (5): 056017. Bibcode:2013JNEng..10e6017C. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/10/5/056017Rajesh P. N. Rao (896 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
by a noninvasive brain–computer interface in humans". Journal of Neural Engineering. 5 (2): 214–220. Bibcode:2008JNEng...5..214B. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/5/2/012Microelectrode array (5,095 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
response around implanted silicon microelectrode arrays". Journal of Neural Engineering. 3 (4): 316–26. Bibcode:2006JNEng...3..316H. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/3/4/009Single-unit recording (4,086 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
after implant of an intracortical microelectrode array". Journal of Neural Engineering. 8 (2): 025027. Bibcode:2011JNEng...8b5027S. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/8/2/025027Depolarizing prepulse (1,817 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
block, depolarizing prepulses and slowly rising pulses". Journal of Neural Engineering. 5 (3): 275–286. Bibcode:2008JNEng...5..275V. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/5/3/002V John Mathews (1,197 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
signal processing and machine learning, and their applications in neural engineering, biomedicine, structural health monitoring, audio, and communicationCyborgNest (812 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
"Beyond sensory substitution—learning the sixth sense". Journal of Neural Engineering. 2 (4): R13 – R26. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/2/4/R02. ISSN 1741-2560.Binding problem (6,825 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Cognitive Architecture", "Holographic Reduced Representations (HRRs)", "Neural Engineering Framework (NEF)") that solve the binding problem by means of integrativeCarver Mead (4,357 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
(2016). "Large-scale neuromorphic computing systems". Journal of Neural Engineering. 13 (5): 051001. Bibcode:2016JNEng..13e1001F. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/13/5/051001Engineering Research Centers (1,124 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
A&T University 2008 Engineering Research Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering (CSNE) University of Washington 2011 Center for Precise Advanced TechnologiesRavi V. Bellamkonda (965 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Physics, September 2004 – Present Member of editorial board, Journal of Neural Engineering, September 2003 Tumor Rail [nanofiber technology], 2014, CBS NewsChristoph Weder (3,205 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
intracortical implants reduce the neuroinflammatory response". Journal of Neural Engineering. 11 (5): 056014. Bibcode:2014JNEng..11e6014N. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/11/5/056014Carina Curto (1,112 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
their mathematical neuroscience lab, and a member of the Center for Neural Engineering. Her research focuses on the interplay between the connectivity andSpace medicine (9,832 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
sensors and algorithms for silent speech recognition". Journal of Neural Engineering. 15 (4): 046031. Bibcode:2018JNEng..15d6031M. doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aac965Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (4,423 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
simplified functional near-infrared spectroscopy system" (PDF). Journal of Neural Engineering. 4 (3): 219–226. Bibcode:2007JNEng...4..219C. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/4/3/007Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists (1,201 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
California, San Francisco (UCSF) and Co-Director of the Center for Neural Engineering and Prosthetics, UC Berkeley and UCSF Syed Jafar, Professor of ElectricalFetal EEG (1,515 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
"EEG artifact removal—state-of-the-art and guidelines". Journal of Neural Engineering. 12 (3): 031001. Bibcode:2015JNEng..12c1001U. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/12/3/031001Barrel cortex (3,174 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
London Barrel cortex group (Fox Lab), Cardiff Sensory Systems & Neural Engineering Group (Hartmann Lab), Chicago, USA Helmchen Lab, Zürich, SwitzerlandNeuroscience of music (9,668 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
polyphonic music using single-trial EEG classification" (PDF). Journal of Neural Engineering. 11 (2): 026009. Bibcode:2014JNEng..11b6009T. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/11/2/026009Charge based boundary element fast multipole method (3,473 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
problems mimicking transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)". Journal of Neural Engineering. 16 (2): 024001. doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aafbb9. ISSN 1741-2560. PMC 6546501Synaptic noise (2,962 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Dominique M. (2011). 2011 5th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering. pp. 237–240. doi:10.1109/NER.2011.5910531. ISBN 978-1-4244-4140-2Paradromics (935 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
intracortical electrode arrays in dorsal precentral gyrus". Journal of Neural Engineering. 17 (6): 066007. Bibcode:2020JNEng..17f6007W. doi:10.1088/1741-2552/abbfefDrosophila connectome (3,933 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
"Columbia Workshop on Brain Circuits, Memory and Computation". Center for Neural Engineering and Computation. New York, NY: Columbia University. March 2019. SchefferSrinivas Sridhar (901 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
field encephalography for brain activity monitoring", Journal of neural engineering 15 (4), 046027, 2018 Codi A Gharagouzloo, Liam Timms, Ju Qiao, ZihangConor Russomanno (1,082 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Neuroscience/Neuroengineering: Brain/Computer Interfaces | Center for Neural Engineering and Computation". Cnec.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2017-04-25. "ColumbiaKapitza's pendulum (2,715 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Posture while walking". 2021 10th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). pp. 849–852. doi:10.1109/NER49283.2021.9441114. ISBN 978-1-7281-4337-8Emery N. Brown (4,147 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
state-space methods for tracking EEG burst suppression". Journal of Neural Engineering. 10 (5): 056017. Bibcode:2013JNEng..10e6017C. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/10/5/056017Nick Curson (1,918 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
News Online. Retrieved 21 May 2016. "Spinal Cord Injury Project - Neural Engineering: Kendall H. Lee - Mayo Clinic Research". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 22Preferential motor reinnervation (2,307 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
neurotrophic factor combinations for neurite outgrowth". Journal of Neural Engineering. 3 (2): 172–9. Bibcode:2006JNEng...3..172D. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/3/2/011Head direction cell (3,642 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
PMC 6725619. PMID 15673682. Eliasmith, Chris; Anderson, Charles H. (2003). Neural Engineering: Computation, Representation, and Dynamics in Neurobiological SystemsSynthetic nervous system (8,449 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
from a probability distribution. Eliasmith uses what they call the Neural Engineering Framework (NEF) in which the user specifies the functions of the network2012 in science (38,776 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
model of sensorimotor interactions during locomotion". Journal of Neural Engineering. 9 (4). IOP Publishing: 046011. Bibcode:2012JNEng...9d6011K. doi:102016 in science (16,902 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
by scientists in China is reported. DARPA announces a new program, Neural Engineering System Design (NESD), which aims to greatly improve the bandwidth2017 in science (18,510 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Authority and Iran, is inaugurated. ARM and the Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering (CSNE) announce plans to develop a "brain-implantable" system-on-a-chipList of Christians in science and technology (25,904 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
leads research into asynchronous systems, low-power electronics and neural engineering, where the Spiking Neural Network Architecture (SpiNNaker) projectBiological neuron model (14,910 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
stimulation using feedback from dorsal root ganglia recordings". Journal of Neural Engineering. 10 (2): 026020. Bibcode:2013JNEng..10b6020B. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/10/2/026020Thomas Sinkjær (1,324 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
University of Copenhagen Scientific career Fields Neurophysiology Neural engineering Rehabilitation engineering Biomedical engineering Institutions AalborgMasakatsu Fujie (2,946 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
invited speaker at the 2009 International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, the 2008 Asian Conference on Computer Aided Surgery, the 2008 KoreaNerve guidance conduit (14,549 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
H.; Kameswaran, N.; Zager, E. L. & Smith, D. H. (January 2007). "Neural engineering to produce in vitro nerve constructs and neurointerface". NeurosurgeryStéphanie P. Lacour (3,657 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
E. Tarte, S.P. Lacour, S.B McMahon and J.W. Fawcett; Journal of Neural Engineering, 2012, vol. 9, 016010. Lacour, S.: Silicone substrate with in situCognition and Neuroergonomics Collaborative Technology Alliance (1,197 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
implementing a high-speed SSVEP-based brain–computer interface". Journal of Neural Engineering. 12 (4): 046008. Bibcode:2015JNEng..12d6008C. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/12/4/046008Sim4Life/SEMCAD (835 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
non-invasive brain stimulation: a computational study". Journal of Neural Engineering. 19: 056020. 23 September 2022 – via IOP Publishing. "ElectroporationOsh Agabi (2,287 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
in temporal focus". 2013 6th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). IEEE. pp. 1525–1528. doi:10.1109/ner.2013.6696236. ISBN 978-1-4673-1969-0List of fellows of IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (53 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
development of tools enabling applied and translational neuroscience and neural engineering. 2022 Penzel, Thomas For contributions to biosignal analysis for sleepStretchable microelectrode array (2,924 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
for the next generation of brain machine interfaces". Journal of Neural Engineering. 17 (5): 056023. Bibcode:2020JNEng..17e6023G. doi:10.1088/1741-2552/abb4a5List of In Our Time programmes (296 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
for Physiology or Medicine in 1972 Igor Aleksander, Professor of Neural Engineering Systems, Imperial College, London Margaret Boden, Professor of Philosophy