to change cassette tapes to continue benefitting from the accuracy of map-matching. The system had a tape drive that was designed to be installed within
of the transform parameters. Originally introduced for 2D point cloud mapmatching in simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and relative position
Ochieng, Washington Yotto; Zhao, Lin; Noland, Robert B. (2003). "A general mapmatching algorithm for transport telematics applications". GPS Solutions. 7 (3):
client" approach), while some systems have been designed so that all the mapmatching and fee calculations take place within the OBU itself ("thick client"
map database by discovering reference information through a form of mapmatching. The function-specific data items are assigned to elements, such as points
(NAVICOM). 1983: Etak was founded. It made an early system that used map-matching to improve on dead reckoning instrumentation. Digital map information
returned to the starting point and had to correctly place the items on a mapmatching their respective locations in order to receive their next clue. In Bush
Bierlaire, Michel; Chen, Jingmin; Newman, Jeffrey (2013). "A probabilistic mapmatching method for smartphone GPS data". Transportation Research Part C: Emerging
System Using High Sensitivity GPS Augmented with Inertial Sensors and Map-Matching", SAE Paper 2004-01-0748. Biding T (2002) "Intelligent Speed Adaptation"
human-understandable representations, like text, as well as machine-readable code for map-matching on digital maps. ULR contains geo-coordinates (WGS84) together with supplementary