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Longer titles found: Population history of West Africa (view), Genetic history of West Africa (view)

searching for History of West Africa 99 found (181 total)

John Fage (908 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

influential studies on West African history including Introduction to the History of West Africa (1955). He subsequently co-founded the Journal of African History

List of castles in Ghana (1,095 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

including the Atlantic slave trade, and their profound effect on the history of West Africa, a number of these fortifications and outposts were designated as

West Africa Study Circle (84 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

specialist society for the study of stamps, postal stationery and postal history of West Africa." The Circle publishes a regular journal, Cameo, and books and monographs

Kanem–Bornu Empire (4,207 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of Central Sudan". In Ajayi, J. F. Ade; Crowder, Michael (eds.). History of West Africa. Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 168–172, 199–201

Lamane (648 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Gaden. p 12. (E. Leroux, 1912) Ajayi, J. F. Ade, Crowder, Michael, History of West Africa, p462. Longman, 1976 Boulègue, Jean. Le Grand Jolof, (XVIIIe – XVIe

Michael Crowder (600 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for his books on the history of Africa and particularly on the history of West Africa. Michael was born in London and educated at Mill Hill School. After

A. G. Hopkins (1,279 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Economic History Review. His principal works include An Economic History of West Africa (1973), and, with Peter Cain, British Imperialism, 1688–2000 (1993)

Economic history of Nigeria (3,120 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(Rowman & Littlefield, 2009) online. Hopkins, A.G. An economic history of West Africa (1973). Metz, Helen Chapin, ed. (1992). Nigeria : a country study

Maad a Sinig (372 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Modern Printshop, 1991, p. 17 Ajayi, F. Ade & Crowder, Michael. History of West Africa, Volume 1. Longman, 1985, p. 468 ISBN 0582646839 Galvan, Dennis

Kola nut (1,764 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(FAOSTAT). 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024. Lovejoy, Paul E. “Kola in the History of West Africa (La Kola Dans L'histoire De L'Afrique Occidentale).” Cahiers D'Études

Guinea-Bissau–Turkey relations (881 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Mozambique. Lisbon, 1954 Ajayi, J. F. A., and Crowder, Michael. History of West Africa, 2 vols. Columbia University Press: New York, 1972. Angola Comité

Sayfawa dynasty (632 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the Central Sudan", in: J. Ajayi and M. Crowder (eds.), The History of West Africa, vol. I, 3rd ed. Harlow, 225-254. Barth, Heinrich (1858). "Chronological

Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof (1,815 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Modern Printshop, 1991, p. 17 Ajayi, J. F. Ade & Crowder, Michael, History of West Africa, vol. 1, Longman, 1985, p. 468. ISBN 0582646839 Galvan, Dennis C

Maad Saloum (487 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Modern Printshop, 1991, p. 17 Ajayi, F. Ade et Crowder, Michael, History of West Africa, vol. 1, Longman, 1985, p. 468 ISBN 0582646839 Galvan, Dennis C

Chinguetti (1,129 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

historical sites both in terms of the history of Islam and the history of West Africa. Although largely abandoned to the desert, the city features a series

Benin–Turkey relations (1,488 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Universitaires de France, 1992. Fage, J. D. An Introduction to the History of West Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Foltz, William J.

Philip Beale (postal historian) (723 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

books on the history of the British postal system and the postal history of West Africa. Born in China to Missionary parents who subsequently returned to

15th century (3,529 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Muhammad. Askia Muhammad made Songhai the largest empire in the history of West Africa. The empire went into decline, however, after 1528, when the now-blind

Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard (4,977 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Frederick. History of West Africa, Book Two, 1800-Present Day. Jurong, Singapore: K.B.C Onwubiko. pp. 270–272. Lugard, Frederick. History of West Africa, Book

Al-Bakri (888 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Abraham ben Jacob. It is one of the most important sources for the history of West Africa and gives crucial information on the Ghana Empire, the Almoravid

Mensa Bonsu (311 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ceremonial burial at the Asante capital city, Kumasi. Basil Davidson: A History of West Africa. 1000 – 1800. New revised edition, 2nd impression. Longman, London

Osei Yaw Akoto (217 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Ashanti people Rulers of the Kingdom of Ashanti Basil Davidson: A History of West Africa. 1000 – 1800. New revised edition, 2nd impression. Longman, London

Elizabeth Isichei (1,099 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Martin's 1976: A History of the Igbo People, St. Martin's 1977: A History of West Africa since 1800, Africana 1977: Igbo Worlds: An Anthology of Oral History

Nwando Achebe (1,359 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

politics in her district. Dr. Achebe is a co-author of the 2018 History of West Africa E-Course Book (British Arts and Humanities Research Council, 2018)

Traditional African religions (5,868 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

population, with Muslims forming 40.6%. Ajayi, J. F. Ade (1976). History of West Africa. Internet Archive. New York : Columbia University Press. pp. 100–101

Mujaddid (1,890 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Beliefs and Practices. p. 282. Smith, Van Mitchell (September 1974). "History of West Africa, Vol. 2". History: Reviews of New Books. 2 (10): 251. doi:10.1080/03612759

Ussher Fort (860 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(1973), p. 62. Doortmont & Smit 2007, p. 337. An Introduction to the History of West Africa, Cambridge University Press. Unesco.org - UNESCO and partners rehabilitate

Kwaku Dua II (96 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

when his successor Agyeman Prempeh took office. Basil Davidson: A History of West Africa. 1000 – 1800. New revised edition, 2nd impression. Longman, London

Songhai Empire (4,682 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Songhay, Borno, and Hausaland in the sixteenth century," in The History of West Africa. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 264–301. Festus, Ugboaja

Susu people (2,201 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Routledge. p. 922. ISBN 978-1-135-45669-6. Ajayi, J. F. Ade (173). History of West Africa, Vol. 2. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231037372

Oduduwa (2,293 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Neighbors before 1600 AD", in J. F. A. Ajayi & M. Crowder (eds), History of West Africa, vol. I (1976), 255–322. Falola, Toyin; Mbah, Emmanuel (17 June

Takrur (1,883 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

14. Smidt 2010, p. 998. J. F. Ade Ajayi, Michael Crowder (eds.). History of West Africa. Columbia University (1972) ISBN 0-231-03628-0 J. Hunwick. "Takrur"

Massina Empire (1,898 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1017/9781108804295. ISBN 978-1-108-80429-5. Fage, J.D. (1969). A History of West Africa: An Introductory Survey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mahmadu Lamine (660 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Historique de Gorée Exhibit (August 2024). Isichei, Elizabeth (1977). History of West Africa since 1800. New York: Africana Publishing Company. p. 52. Retrieved

Assinie-Mafia (1,460 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

un martyrologe (in French). LeBel. 1702. An Introduction to the History of West Africa, p. 69. Denis, Philippe (2003). Dominicans in Africa: A History

J. F. Ade Ajayi (1,404 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Years of West African History. Co-Editor with Michael Crowder: History of West Africa, Longman, London 1971. ISBN 0-231-04103-9. "Ade Ajayi, Jacob". dacb

Ngazargamu (883 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Crowder, Michael (eds.). The early states of the Central Sudan, in History of West Africa, Volume One. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 182. ISBN 0231036280

Caffeine (20,134 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

2005. Retrieved 3 February 2007. Lovejoy PE (1980). "Kola in the History of West Africa (La kola dans l'histoire de l'Afrique occidentale)". Cahiers d'Études

Basil Davidson (1,280 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Storm: Angola's people, Doubleday, Garden City, N.Y., 1972. 1974 A History of West Africa 1000-1800, Longman, 1977 Let Freedom Come: Africa in Modern History

Maba Diakhou Bâ (1,443 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Charles 1977, pp. 54. Monteil 1963, p. 98. Isichei, Elizabeth (1977). History of West Africa since 1800. New York: Africana Publishing Company. p. 51. Retrieved

Amina (Queen of Zazzau) (1,925 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

and Bornu, 1600-1800," in J. F. Ajayi and Michael Crowder, eds. History of West Africa (2 vols., London, 1971) vol. 1 Humphrey Fisher. "The Eastern Maghreb

Sosso Empire (1,271 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

early states of the Western Sudan to 1500". In Ajayi, A.J. (ed.). History of West Africa (2nd. ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. p. 124. Retrieved

Jihad (14,389 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

2021. Diagne, Souleymane Bachir (2008). "Towards an intellectual history of West Africa: The meaning of Timbuktu". The meanings of Timbuktu (PDF). HRSC

Idris Alooma (3,881 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the Central Sudan", in: J. Ajayi and M. Crowder (eds.), The History of West Africa, vol. I, 3rd ed. Harlow 1985, 225–254. Dewière, Rémi, Du lac Tchad

Tunka Manin (340 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

early states of the Western Sudan to 1500". In Ajayi, A.J. (ed.). History of West Africa (2nd. ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. Retrieved 20 September

Gao (5,233 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the Earliest Royal Palace in Gao and Its Implications for the History of West Africa". Cahiers d'Études Africaines. 52 (208): 813–44. doi:10.4000/etudesafricaines

Union of African States (2,397 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(2): 35–51. doi:10.2307/523014. JSTOR 523014. Fage, J.D. (1969). A History of West Africa. London: Cambridge University Press. Foltz, William J. (1965). From

Paul Farmer (3,825 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which resulted in a lack of proper medical care. Looking at the history of West Africa, Farmer blames the almost five centuries of European rule that resulted

Azawad (5,674 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

New York: Longmans.. Fage, J. D. (1956). An Introduction to the History of West Africa. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 22. Hacquard, Augustin (1900)

Toyin Falola (1,576 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Autoethnography and African Epistemologies (2022), ISBN 978-1-316-51123-7. A History of West Africa. (2023), ISBN 9781003801665 In Nigeria, there is a conference named

Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi (2,353 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1997), pp. 318-320, ISBN 0-521-45599-5. Ajayi, J. F. Ade (1972). History of West Africa. Internet Archive. New York : Columbia University Press. pp. 96–106

Serer people (7,302 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Published by: Plenum Press, 2000 Ajayi, J. F. Ade & Crowder, Michael, History of West Africa, Volume 1. Published by: Longman, 1985. ISBN 0-582-64683-9 Peter

Gao Empire (2,420 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the Earliest Royal Palace in Gao and Its Implications for the History of West Africa". Cahiers d'Études Africaines. 52 (208): 813–44. doi:10.4000/etudesafricaines

Albert Adu Boahen (1,128 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Politics in Ghana, 1800–1874", in J. F. Ade Ajayi and Michael Crowder, History of West Africa. London, 1977 (3rd edition), Vol. 2, pp. 167–260. African Perspectives

Almoravid dynasty (17,226 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

early states of the Western Sudan to 1500". In Ajayi, A.J. (ed.). History of West Africa (2nd. ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-04103-4

Kanran (384 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1017/s0021853700000050. ISSN 0021-8537. Ajayi, J. F. A.; Crowder, Michael (1987). History of West Africa. Longman. ISBN 0582016045. OCLC 476413782. Johnson, Samuel (August

Dunama Dabbalemi (488 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

neighbours to c. 1500 A.D.", in: J. Ajayi und M. Crowder (ed.), History of West Africa, vol. I, 3. ed. Harlow 1985, 225-254. Chad: A Country Study Lange

Ozoz Sokoh (833 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

an online curated collection of books relating to the culinary history of West Africa and its diaspora. This collection includes a digital library of

Mousteroid (212 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

al (1965) R. Guillot and C. Descamps (1969) C. T. SHAW THE PRE-HISTORY OF WEST AFRICA in Unesco International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of

Fante Confederacy (1,731 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ISBN 9781793606433. * Adu Boahen: Politics in Ghana, 1800–1874. In: History of West Africa, London 1974, ISBN 0-582-64552-2. "King Ghartey IV of Winneba",

Hummay (340 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

neighbours to c. 1500 A.D.", in: J. Ajayi und M. Crowder (ed.), History of West Africa, vol. I, 3. ed. Harlow 1985, 225-254. Lange, Dierk: "The Chad region

Omar I of Kanem (454 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

2016-03-02. Ajayi, Jacob Festus Ade, and Michael Crowder (1972). "History of West Africa". New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231036280 Davidson

Fula jihads (1,775 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the Nineteenth Century". In J. F. A. Ajayi; M. Crowder (eds.). History of West Africa. Vol. 2. Longman. pp. 1–29. Lovejoy, Paul E. (2016). Jihād in West

Dunama IX Lefiami (190 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

; Crowder, Michael (eds.). Bornu in the nineteenth century, in History of West Africa, Volume Two. Great Britain: Longman Group Ltd. pp. 96–104. ISBN 0231037384

Agyen Kokobo (513 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Akwamu and Twifo-Heman Ajayi, J. F. Ade; Crowder, Michael (1985). History of West Africa. Longman. pp. 492–3, 692. ISBN 978-0-582-64683-4. Retrieved 18 September

Usman dan Fodio (8,425 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

(1757–1817) (2009). T. A. Osae & S. N. Nwabara (1968). a Short history of WEST AFRICA A.D 1000–1800. Great Britain: Hodder and Stoughton. p. 80. ISBN 0-340-07771-9

History of rail transport in Liberia (943 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Republic of Liberia". In Ade Ajayi, J.F.; Crowder, Michael (eds.). History of West Africa. Vol. II. London: Longman. ISBN 0-582-64519-0. Wikimedia Commons

Kumbari dan Sharefa (116 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Borno 1600-1800". In Ajayi, J. F. Ade; Michael Crowder (eds.). The History of West Africa (2 ed.). Columbia University Press. p. 596. ISBN 0-231-04103-9.

Timeline of Serer history (6,014 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Press, 1972, ISBN 0933121261 Ajayi, J. F. Ade, Crowder, Michael, History of West Africa, Volume 1, Longman, 1985, ISBN 0582646839 African Studies Association

Naa Gbewaa (1,545 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ISBN 978-0-520-06611-3. Ade Ajayi, J. F.; Crowder, Michael (1976). History of West Africa. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-04103-4

Ali Gazi (686 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and Co. p. 361. Retrieved 10 March 2019. Ajayi, J. F. Ade (1976). History of West Africa. Internet Archive. New York : Columbia University Press. pp. 175–176

O. C. Adesina (839 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of Ibadan. His research interests are in the fields of economic history of West Africa, history of development, and Nigerian history. Adesina is a Fellow

Gambia National Museum (874 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

country. On the second floor, you can learn about the archaeological history of West Africa and the Gambia. The floor also details the nation's colonial and

University of Timbuktu (3,414 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

also featured. This helped form an invaluable record of Islam and history of West Africa. The Tarikh al-Sudan was a written work created by Abd al-Rahman

Gao-Saney (1,456 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the Earliest Royal Palace in Gao and Its Implications for the History of West Africa". Cahiers d'Études Africaines. 52 (208): 813–44. doi:10.4000/etudesafricaines

Accra Native Confederation (543 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ISBN 978-90-04-30279-2. Boahen, A Adu (1974). "Politics in Ghana, 1800-1874". History of West Africa. 2. JFA: 167–261. Shillington, Kevin (2013-07-04). Encyclopedia

Battle of Gawakuke (766 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Manchester University Press. ISBN 0719022487. Ade Ajayi, J. F. (1990). History of West Africa. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231037376. Quintana, Maria L.

Military history of the Mali Empire (6,917 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Firearms in the hands of the Mali Empire might have changed the history of West Africa, if their track record with native weapons is anything to go by

Mohammed Shitta Bey (1,512 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(1): 51–68. doi:10.1163/157006012X627904. Falola, Toyin (2024). A History of West Africa. New York: Routledge. Forrest, Tom (1994). The Advance of African

Duguwa dynasty (414 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

states of the Central Sudan, in: J. Ajayi and M. Crowder (ed.), History of West Africa, vol. I, 1st ed., London, 1971, 158–183. Yves Urvoy: L'empire du

Leonhard Harding (776 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in particular the economic and social history of West Africa, the intellectual and cultural history of West Africa, the Kingdom of Benin and conflicts in

F. K. Buah (271 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Basil; Buah, F. K. (1967). The growth of African civilization: a history of West Africa 1000-1800. London: Longmans. ISBN 978-0582602434. Buah, F. K. (1

Kisra legend (1,721 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

2307/3172177. JSTOR 3172177. S2CID 153908501. Fage, J.D. (1969). A History of West Africa. London: Cambridge University Press. Johnson, Samuel (1921). The

Butch Ware (1,246 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1163/21540993-00602010, JSTOR 90017388 Alden Young, "A Revisionist History of West Africa", Books & Ideas, [2] Faculty website "Christopher Brown and Rudolph

Sylvia Arthur (1,131 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Geographic Society for her ongoing research towards "A Women's Oral History of West Africa, which is documenting the life stories of West African women aged

Tom Woewiyu (2,612 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

infamous Operation Octopus, one of the deadliest armed attacks in the history of West Africa, led to the violent attempted seizure of Monrovia which resulted

Bawa Jan Gwarzo (705 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Research. 32 (2): 141–160. ISSN 0091-7710. Ajayi, J. F. Ade (1976). History of West Africa. Internet Archive. New York : Columbia University Press. pp. 590–594

Oke Ora (2,363 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Retrieved 30 July 2023. Ajayi, J. F. Ade; Crowder, Michael (1976). History of West Africa. Columbia University Press. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-231-04103-4. Nwanyanwu

14th & 15th century Africa (3,744 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ISBN 0-690-38194-8. OCLC 514706. J. F. Ade Ajayi; Michael Crowder (1976). History of West Africa (2nd ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 124–128. ISBN 0-231-04103-9

Dan Marina (639 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

learning in Katsina". search.worldcat.org. Retrieved 2024-04-08. History of West Africa. Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, England: Longmann. 1985. ISBN 978-0-582-64683-4

Alboury Ndiaye (1,062 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Press. p. 208-211. Charles 1977, pp. 62. Isichei, Elizabeth (1977). History of West Africa since 1800. New York: Africana Publishing Company. p. 51. Retrieved

Efik literature (5,927 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Nkana's only Efik publication, it made an impact in the literary history of west Africa. Ekpo Nta Amaku was one of the major pioneers of modern Efik literature

History of Elmina (7,059 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Ghana, 1800–1874. In: J. F. A. Ajayi, Michael Crowder (Hrsg.): History of West Africa. Band 2. Longman u. a., London 1974, S. 167–261. Baesjou, René (1979)

Laminu Njitiya (1,127 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

under Shehu Mustafa bin Umar al-Kanemi. Ajayi, J. F. Ade (1972). History of West Africa. Internet Archive. New York : Columbia University Press. pp. 110–111

Songhai architecture (1,574 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the earliest royal palace in Gao and its implications for the history of West Africa, pp. 13, 14, 15, 16, retrieved 2024-01-11 Tomb of Askia, UNESCO

Galadima (1,954 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Government in Zazzau. Internet Archive. Davidson, Basil (1967). A history of West Africa 1000-1800 [by] Basil Davidson in collaboration with F.K. Buah and

Krzysztof Kościelniak (11,585 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

contribution of Tadeusz Lewicki (1906-1992) to Islamic studies and the history of West Africa.), he critically examined historical facts about the Battle of Al-Qādisiyya

African Dominion (2,601 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

significant material. While it does not claim to be an imperial history ‘of’ West Africa, readers should be aware that its focus largely excludes expansive

History of Katsina (3,823 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Brill. 1994. ISBN 978-90-04-09450-5. Ajayi, J. F. Ade (1976). History of West Africa. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-04103-4. Ewa