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searching for Fractionalization 62 found (71 total)

List of countries by ethnic and cultural diversity level (464 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious fractionalization in different countries. Fractionalization is the probability that two individuals drawn

United Labour Party (New Zealand) (822 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

The United Labour Party (ULP) of New Zealand was an early centre-left to left-wing political party. Founded in 1912, it represented the more moderate wing

Civil war (7,738 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

paper Beyond Fractionalization: Mapping Ethnicity onto Nationalist Insurgencies, Cederman argues that the ethno-linguistic fractionalization index (ELF)

Challenge square dance (1,467 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

physical formations, "Phantom" dancers, and call deconstruction (such as Fractionalization). Some square dance calls are more complex than others, involving

Development economics (6,636 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

conflict). Easterly and Levine have proposed an ethno-linguistic fractionalization index defined as FRAC or ELF defined by: 1 − ∑ i = 1 N s i 2 , {\displaystyle

Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems (351 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(Alexander Eisfeld) Mesoscopic Physics of Life (Christoph A. Weber) Fractionalization and Topology in Quantum Matter (Inti A. N. Sodemann Villadiego) Statistical

Philipp Frank (749 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Jones (then president of the AAAS) had issued a call to overcome the fractionalization of knowledge, which he felt the AAAS well suited to address. The institute

1950 United Kingdom general election (1,252 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for the Communist Party of Great Britain. The election began the fractionalization of the Labour Party into Bevanite and Gaitskellite factions after

Triangulene (1,060 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

quantum spin chains on a gold surface, where signatures of both spin fractionalization and Haldane gap were observed. IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology

Hugh Torney (Irish republican) (1,622 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

this caused numerous attempts for power by members and furthermore, fractionalization within the INLA. When the OIRA murdered the founding leader of the

Mestiço (1,671 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

words or expressions, such as mestiço, “African” or “coloured man”." Fractionalization in Portuguese colonial territories in 1950, according to the Portuguese

Gazoldo degli Ippoliti (1,527 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

profound transformation and initiate the dispersion of powers and the fractionalization of sovereignty, leading to the formation of those new bodies that

Congolese Party of Labour (1,420 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the PCT won 46 seats; although it was again the largest party, the fractionalization of the political landscape ensured that it fell well short of a parliamentary

Oliver E. Buckley Prize (261 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

interpretation of one-electron and two-electron interference, charge fractionalization, and quantized heat conductance in fractional Hall states. 2022 Emmanuel

Politics of Iceland (1,698 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

government. After the 2008 financial crisis, there has been an increasing fractionalization of the Icelandic party system. The increase in the number of parties

Shirk (Islam) (3,137 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

(2014). Lebanese Salafis between the Gulf and Europe: Development, fractionalization and transnational networks of Salafism in Lebanon. Amsterdam University

Electronic properties of graphene (5,081 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

removing the potassium. Due to graphene's two dimensions, charge fractionalization (where the apparent charge of individual pseudoparticles in low-dimensional

Immigration (13,686 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

consequently tend to be weaker states. Because most of the evidence on fractionalization comes from sub-Saharan Africa and the United States, the generalizability

Iraqi nationalism (3,806 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Abdullah, Sarwar Mohammed (2019-05-27). "Corruption protection: fractionalization and the corruption of anti-corruption efforts in Iraq after 2003"

Andreas Wimmer (838 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Wimmer, Andreas (2016-09-01). "Is Diversity Detrimental? Ethnic Fractionalization, Public Goods Provision, and the Historical Legacies of Stateness"

Alberto Alesina (1,657 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

David Dollar), Journal of Economic Growth, 5(1), p pp. 33–63. 2003. "Fractionalization" (with Arnaud Devleeschauwer et al.), Journal of Economic Growth,

Topological insulator (6,993 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

particular interest due to the observation of charge quantum Hall fractionalization in 2D graphene and pure bismuth. Shortly thereafter symmetry-protected

Rabih Haddad (672 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Zolton. "Lebanese Salafis Between the Gulf and Europe: Development, Fractionalization and Transnational Networks of Salafism in Lebanon". Amsterdam University

Cát Bà Island (2,523 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

wildlife trade. Another major threat facing the langurs is habitat fractionalization, due to increases in human development. Currently, the langur population

Abd Allah ibn Saba' (4,459 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

2013). Lebanese Salafis Between the Gulf and Europe: Development, Fractionalization and Transnational Networks of Salafism in Lebanon. Amsterdam University

Native Americans in the United States (25,316 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Native Americans sometimes cannot be developed because of fractionalization. Fractionalization occurs when a landowner dies, and their land is inherited

Graphene (27,955 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to remove the potassium. Due to graphene's two dimensions, charge fractionalization (where the apparent charge of individual pseudoparticles in low-dimensional

Geography and wealth (3,485 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Easterly, William; Kurlat, Sergio; Wacziarg, Romain (January 2003). "Fractionalization". NBER Working Paper Series. Cambridge, MA. doi:10.3386/w9411. KRIESEL

Al-Ahbash (3,770 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(2013). Lebanese Salafis Between the Gulf and Europe: Development, Fractionalization and Transnational Networks of Salafism in Lebanon. Amsterdam University

Dawes Act (5,731 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of land among heirs upon the allottees' deaths quickly led to land fractionalization. Most allotment land, which could be sold after a statutory period

History of early modern Italy (5,538 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

resources, its economy had become primarily agricultural. Wars, political fractionalization, limited fiscal capacity and the shift of world trade to north-western

Eliana La Ferrara (2,223 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

W., D’Ambrosio, C., La Ferrara, E. (2011). A Generalized Index of Fractionalization. Economica, 78(312), pp. 723-750. Alesina, A., La Ferrara, E. (2005)

Ramamurti Rajaraman (3,799 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Karthick Selvan, M.; Panigrahi, Prasanta K. (2016). "Charge fractionalization in oxide heterostructures: A field-theoretical model". Europhysics

United States (30,197 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Annotated. United States Congress. Alesina, Alberto; et al. (2003). "Fractionalization" (PDF). Journal of Economic Growth. 8 (2): 155–194. doi:10.1023/a:1024471506938

Economic history of Africa (6,277 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Influential political include pre-colonial centralization, ethnic fractionalization, European settlement, natural resource dependence, and democracy.

Paul the Apostle (20,754 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(2013). Lebanese Salafis Between the Gulf and Europe: Development, Fractionalization and Transnational Networks of Salafism in Lebanon. Amsterdam University

Sardinian nationalism (5,580 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

moreover, the nationalist movement has a well-documented history of fractionalization: all attempts to unify the nationalist subgroups have so far failed;

Pierre-Ernest Abandzounou (1,817 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

expel him from the party were consistent with a general trend toward fractionalization among political groups in Congo-Brazzaville. Various UFD leaders—including

Romain Wacziarg (1,021 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Diversification, with J. Imbs (2003), American Economic Review, 93(1), 63–86. Fractionalization, with A. Alesina, A. Devleeschauwer, W. Easterly, S. Kurlat (2003)

Lesbian feminism (8,974 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in "solidarity with progressive Black men and do not advocate the fractionalization" and emphasizing that "the stance of Lesbian separatism ... is not

Demographics of Estonia (3,315 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

JANUARY". PxWeb. Retrieved 2025-05-03. "TOWARDS AN INDEX OF ETHNIC FRACTIONALIZATION" (PDF). University of Malaya. 2008-10-17. Archived from the original

Economy of Italy (12,436 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

resources, its economy had become primarily agricultural. Wars, political fractionalization, limited fiscal capacity and the shift of world trade to north-western

The Century Magazine (9,323 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

should be taken against potential threats to national unity through fractionalization. As immigration increased over the next few decades, however, The

Global Hunger Index (6,557 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

empowerment are as visible in fragile contexts with high levels of societal fractionalization as they are in more stable settings with longer traditions of local

Philanthotoxin (1,673 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

was found to be identical to the natural product isolated from the fractionalization in terms of H1NMR, mass spectrometry, HPLC, and biological activity

Economic history of Italy (8,479 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

resources, its economy had become primarily agricultural. Wars, political fractionalization, limited fiscal capacity and the shift of world trade to north-western

Mordehai Heiblum (1,768 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

interpretation of one-electron and two-electron interference, charge fractionalization, and quantized heat conductance in fractional Hall states. In 2025

Synthetic control method (1,175 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

War: Synthetic Counterfactual Evidence and the Effects of Ethnic Fractionalization". Journal of Peace Research. 54 (1): 80–98. doi:10.1177/0022343316675200

Economy of Africa (11,216 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Influential political include pre-colonial centralization, ethnic fractionalization, European settlement, natural resource dependence, and democracy.

Multiculturalism (19,616 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Wimmer, Andreas (September 2016). "Is Diversity Detrimental? Ethnic Fractionalization, Public Goods Provision, and the Historical Legacies of Stateness"

Human capital flight (16,580 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

geographic distance to the origin country, and the ethno-linguistic fractionalization of the origin country." Emigrants have been found to significantly

Constructivism (ethnic politics) (6,164 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

assesses the heterogeneity of democracies along linguistic and religious fractionalization, and measures "electoral volatility" via the difference in parties'

History of Italy (20,966 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

resources, its economy had become primarily agricultural. Wars, political fractionalization, limited fiscal capacity and the shift of world trade to north-western

Central African Republic Civil War (17,051 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

War: Synthetic Counterfactual Evidence and the Effects of Ethnic Fractionalization". Journal of Peace Research. 54 (1): 80–98. doi:10.1177/0022343316675200

Native American mascot controversy (16,397 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

doi:10.1023/A:1024419522867. S2CID 152680631. Ireland has an ethnic fractionalization score of 0.171, meaning that there is only a 17.1% chance that two

Marlin Taylor (2,310 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

November 5, 2021. Sobel, Robert (August 28, 1978). "Radio music audience fractionalization continues to rise; disco up, top-40 down" (PDF). Television/Radio

Reservation poverty (7,155 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

can result in a redistribution of income from many to a few, and a fractionalization of the reservation population between those who spend at casinos and

Effects of immigration to the United States (13,205 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

geographic distance to the origin country, and the ethno-linguistic fractionalization of the origin country." Some research suggests that immigration can

Zhenghan Wang (1,717 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Bonderson, Parsa; Cheng, Meng; Wang, Zhenghan (2019-09-20). "Symmetry Fractionalization, Defects, and Gauging of Topological Phases". Physical Review B. 100

Breakup of Spanish armed forces (1936) (5,948 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Fractionalization of Spanish military

Economic effects of immigration (10,717 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

geographic distance to the origin country, and the ethno-linguistic fractionalization of the origin country." A 2017 study found that "immigrants' genetic

Larinum (13,442 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

This was a territorial organization characterized by accentuated fractionalization, vicatim, as stated by Livy (IX,13,7; X,17,2); in flat and hilly areas