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Find link is a tool written by Edward Betts.searching for Compile time 389 found (604 total)
alternate case: compile time
Garbage collection (computer science)
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to other threads, at the cost of extra overhead. Escape analysis is a compile-time technique that can convert heap allocations to stack allocations, therebyName binding (711 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
In programming languages, name binding is the association of entities (data and/or code) with identifiers. An identifier bound to an object is said toD (programming language) (6,232 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
behave in the same way. Like C++, D has closures, anonymous functions, compile-time function execution, design by contract, ranges, built-in container iterationMetaobject (1,201 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
innovative solutions for this, e.g., by handling metaobject issues at compile time. A good example of this is OpenC++. The Semantic Web object-orientedAdapter pattern (1,913 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
compile time solution is: classB.setStringData(classA.getStringData()); However, suppose that the format of the string data must be varied. A compileElixir (programming language) (999 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
provides tooling and an extensible design. The latter is supported by compile-time metaprogramming with macros and polymorphism via protocols. The communityPartial evaluation (591 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
I_{\text{static}}} , the static data, is the part of the input data known at compile time. The partial evaluator transforms ⟨ p r o g , I static ⟩ {\displaystyleSyntax error (504 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
programming language. For compiled languages, syntax errors are detected at compile-time. A program will not compile until all syntax errors are corrected. ForEmbeddable Common Lisp (193 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
custom Lisp setf expansions and compiler-macros, result in a custom compile-time C preprocessor. "ECL 23.9.9 release". Giuseppe Attardi. "The EmbeddableApache Empire-db (986 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
better software quality and improved maintainability through increased compile-time safety and reduced redundancy of metadata. Additionally applicationsAssertion (software development) (2,571 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
Assertions that are checked at compile time are called static assertions. Static assertions are particularly useful in compile time template metaprogrammingRecursive data type (1,170 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
requirements; in contrast, a static array's size requirements must be set at compile time. Sometimes the term "inductive data type" is used for algebraic dataHigh Level Assembly (1,655 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
assemblers: its powerful macro system (compile-time language) and the HLA Standard Library. HLA's compile-time language allows easy extension of the languageRelocation (computing) (3,676 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
In software development, relocation is the process of assigning load addresses for position-dependent code and data of a program and adjusting the codeRust (programming language) (10,766 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
"borrow checker", which tracks the object lifetime of references at compile time. Rust does not enforce a programming paradigm, but was influenced byBundle (macOS) (1,063 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
resources are usually included directly in the executable file itself at compile time. On older Macintoshes, a similar technique is used, where additionalPreprocessor (1,203 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
aggressive inlining and templates. Instead of includes, some languages use compile-time imports that rely on type information in the object code. Some languagesULE scheduler (234 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
The user may switch between the BSD scheduler and ULE using a kernel compile-time tunable. "sched_ule(4) man page". Retrieved 2 September 2008. "FreeBSDStatic library (705 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
their corresponding executable at a static memory offset determined at compile-time/link-time. Historically, all library linking was static, but today dynamicDelegate (CLI) (859 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
code that can call the referenced method, without having to know at compile time which method will be invoked. A multicast delegate is a delegate thatInclude directive (1,965 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Compiled languages, such as Rust and D, simply link all object files at compile time, and C++ also introduced import to import modules. Although C# has theSparse conditional constant propagation (295 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
which is the calculation of static values which can be calculated at compile time. Moreover, it can find more constant values, and thus more opportunitiesAutomatic Reference Counting (1,403 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
reference counting for the Objective-C and Swift programming languages. At compile time, it inserts into the object code messages retain and release which increaseCMS-2 (1,147 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
CMS-2 program. The compiler combines system elements into a compile time system. A compile time system may stand alone or be part of a larger program. DataDangling pointer (1,891 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
likely to stay undetected because many compilers will raise a warning at compile time if declared variables are accessed before being initialized. In manyProgramming paradigm (2,666 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
programs (or themselves) as their data, or that do part of the work at compile time that would otherwise be done at runtime Template metaprogramming – metaprogrammingStandard Template Library (2,140 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
achieves its results through the use of templates. This approach provides compile-time polymorphism that is often more efficient than traditional run-time polymorphismStandard ML (3,714 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
general-purpose, high-level, modular, functional programming language with compile-time type checking and type inference. It is popular for writing compilersJUnit (1,794 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
testing, and is one of the xUnit frameworks. JUnit is linked as a JAR at compile-time. The latest version of the framework, JUnit 5, resides under packageShape analysis (program analysis) (1,034 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
structures in (usually imperative) computer programs. It is typically used at compile time to find software bugs or to verify high-level correctness propertiesDuck typing (617 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
class type checking can be specified to occur at runtime rather than at compile time. Duck typing is similar to, but distinct from, structural typing. StructuralInitialization (programming) (590 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
Initialization is done either by statically embedding the value at compile time, or else by assignment at run time. A section of code that performs suchVisual Prolog (625 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Prolog are statically typed. This allows some errors to be caught at compile-time instead of run-time. In the Towers of Hanoi example, the Prolog inferenceCobra (programming language) (357 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
attributes Quality control Contracts, assertions Unit tests, docstrings Compile-time nil-tracking Expressiveness Static and dynamic binding List, dictionaryIntel MPX (1,267 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
enhance security to software by checking pointer references whose normal compile-time intentions are maliciously exploited at runtime due to buffer overflowsC++14 (2,438 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
a constexpr-declared function; a function which could be executed at compile time. Their return values could be consumed by operations that require constantPL/I (12,071 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Programs divided into separately compilable sections, with extensive compile-time facilities (a.k.a. macros), not part of the standard, for tailoring andFalse sharing (1,041 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
may increase the size of the objects, leading to higher memory use. Compile-time data transformations can also mitigate false-sharing. However, some ofConnascence (549 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
(proximity in the codebase). It can be categorized as static (analyzable at compile-time) or dynamic (detectable at runtime) and includes forms such as ConnascenceEigen (C++ library) (187 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
templates metaprogramming technique, meaning it builds expression trees at compile time and generates custom code to evaluate these. Using expression templatesPhoenix (web framework) (224 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
WebSocket. HEEx is Phoenix's templating language which provides HTML-aware compile time checking. Computer programming portal Free and open-source software portalC (programming language) (11,258 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
thing pointed to, expressions including pointers can be type-checked at compile time. Pointer arithmetic is automatically scaled by the size of the pointed-toLibtorrent (1,987 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
broader set of environments. Many of its features can be disabled at compile-time to not include code that would not be used in a particular use case.C++ Standard Library (1,605 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
of C++14 libraries that are used extensively by Facebook Bareflank Support Library [11] A C++ library where everything can be executed at compile timeConcatenation (1,007 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
string literals, the values are known at compile time, and thus string concatenation can be done at compile time either via string literal concatenationMemory safety (1,911 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
languages take this approach. For C and C++, many tools exist that perform a compile-time transformation of the code to do memory safety checks at runtime, suchStack (abstract data type) (4,727 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
In computer science, a stack is an abstract data type that serves as a collection of elements with two main operations: Push, which adds an element toMercury (programming language) (945 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
and mode system and a module system. By using information obtained at compile time (such as type and mode), programs written in Mercury typically performLoop optimization (1,501 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
iterate the same number of times (whether or not that number is known at compile time), as long as they make no reference to each other's data. InterchangeInterprocedural optimization (1,918 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
better use of constants. Modern compilers offer IPO as an option at compile-time. The actual IPO process may occur at any step between the human-readableZephyr (operating system) (781 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
limited to: A small kernel A flexible configuration and build system for compile-time definition of required resources and modules A set of protocol stacksC++11 (13,170 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
compile time and at runtime. Constant expressions are optimization opportunities for compilers, and compilers frequently execute them at compile timeAutomatic vectorization (2,938 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
loops. Automatic vectorization, like any loop optimization or other compile-time optimization, must exactly preserve program behavior. All dependenciesNSD (408 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
and allows syntax-structural errors in Zone-Files to be flagged at compile-time (before being made available to NSD service itself). The collection ofC++23 (4,749 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
std::ranges::istream_view changes in text formatting library: std::basic_format_string compile-time format string checks reducing binary code size of std::format_to fixingCeylon (programming language) (1,537 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
include: A type system enforcing null safety and list element existence at compile time Regular syntax and semantics, avoiding special cases and primitively-definedSegmentation fault (2,431 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
compilers[which?] will output an executable file despite the presence of compile-time errors.) In C code, segmentation faults most often occur because of errorsSpeculative multithreading (1,177 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
uncover parallelism that static (compile-time) parallelization techniques may fail to exploit because at compile time thread independence cannot be guaranteedPure function (1,233 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
are well suited to unit testing. Compile-time function execution – The evaluation of pure functions at compile time Deterministic algorithm – AlgorithmBionic (software) (1,852 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
buffer overruns. These checks are performed at compile time if the buffer sizes can be determined at compile time, or run-time otherwise. Because fortify reliesSequence container (C++) (2,373 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
different speed guarantees for different operations: array implements a compile-time non-resizable array. vector implements an array with fast random accessVariable (computer science) (2,812 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
block scope); this is static resolution, performable at parse-time or compile-time. Alternatively, a variable with dynamic scope is resolved at run-timeVoid safety (616 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
resulting in abnormal termination of the program. Void safety is a static (compile-time) guarantee that a void call will never arise. In a 2009 talk, Tony HoareAnonymous type (286 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
"on the fly," they are still static entities. Type checking is done at compile time, and attempting to access a nonexistent field will cause a compiler errorString literal (5,623 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
literal at compile time. This is a feature of C, C++, D, Ruby, and Python, which copied it from C. Notably, this concatenation happens at compile time, duringRank (computer programming) (338 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
semi-formal style) for C++ and illustrates a simple way to calculate them at compile time. #include <type_traits> #include <cstddef> /* Rank of a type * -------------Run-time type information (1,450 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
(statically known at compile-time). std::cout << typeid(employee).name() << std::endl; // Employee (statically known at compile-time). std::cout << typeid(ptr)Chicken (Scheme implementation) (1,725 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
an import module, which will be used to load the code which runs at compile-time (on the host platform), such as procedural macro code. The Chicken compilerLibsigc++ (275 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
use of templates allowed for compile time typesafe verification of connections. The addition of this strict compile time checking required the additionNuitka (471 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
compiler which compiles Python code to C source code, applying some compile-time optimizations in the process such as constant folding and propagationCompatibility of C and C++ (3,175 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
violations of the static type system), and initialization requirements (compile-time enforcement that in-scope variables do not have initialization subverted)Rombertik (302 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Malware Analysis Sandboxes. If Rombertik detects a modification in the compile time or binary resource in memory, it attempts to overwrite the Master BootPhase distinction (289 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
proposed by Luca Cardelli - If A is a compile-time term and B is a subterm of A, then B must also be a compile-time term. Most statically typed languagesSPITBOL (430 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
While delayed binding prevents everything from being determined at compile time, SPITBOL adopts various strategies for making decisions as early as possibleUnit type (1,182 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
following program, which is a compile-time error in C: void f(void) {} void g(void) {} int main(void) { f(g()); // compile-time error here return 0; } ThisUndefined behavior (2,635 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
anything at runtime. For C and C++, the compiler is allowed to give a compile-time diagnostic in these cases, but is not required to: the implementationStegomalware (509 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
components of malware engineering such as return-oriented programming and compile-time obfuscation, among others. The Europol-supported CUING initiative monitorsForth (programming language) (5,666 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
methods, as common in other languages.) The "compile time" flag in the name field is set for words with "compile time" behavior. Most simple words execute theGlasgow Haskell Compiler (1,872 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
types and typeclasses, described below. Template Haskell, a system for compile-time metaprogramming. Expressions can be written to produce Haskell code inMulti-stage programming (191 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
considered as a form of partial evaluation that performs computations at compile-time as a trade-off to increase the speed of run-time processing. Multi-stageTemplate (C++) (1,712 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
template arguments, ...) are unavailable with generics. In C++ templates, compile-time cases were historically performed by pattern matching over the templateOpenTag (636 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
and they can preempt the kernel, although they must be allocated at compile-time. The scheduling frequency, or kernel resolution, is implementation-dependentIDispatch (481 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
program, e.g. a DLL call needs to know a function name and parameters at compile time. A script writer can ask the COM object for a method or property it alreadyHaxe (831 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
also has an interpreter called eval. This same interpreter is also used compile-time to run macros, which allow modification of the abstract syntax tree (AST)OpenTag (636 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
and they can preempt the kernel, although they must be allocated at compile-time. The scheduling frequency, or kernel resolution, is implementation-dependentBarbara G. Ryder (284 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
theoretical foundations and empirical investigation of interprocedural compile-time analysis. Ryder received an A.B. in applied mathematics from Brown UniversityProgram optimization (4,442 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
undergo further compile-time optimizations by the compiler, including constant folding, which may move some computations to compile time. In many functionalDylan (programming language) (2,333 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
based on the types of all its arguments. The method need not be known at compile time, the understanding being that the required function may be availableVIPER microprocessor (322 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
was that all exceptional behaviour in programs must be dealt with at compile time. Churchley, Andrew (1991-11-30). Microprocessor Based Protection SystemsBjarne Stroustrup (1,981 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
specialization and concepts. Support for compile-time programming: template metaprogramming and compile-time evaluated functions ("constexpr functions")Dynamic-link library (4,352 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
of a DLL, that is, to resolve the addresses of imported functions at compile-time. For bound imports, the linker saves the timestamp and checksum of theString interning (913 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
method of the string class, for example String.intern() in Java. All compile-time constant strings in Java are automatically interned using this methodAutomatic parallelization (1,697 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
function calls because it is difficult to detect such dependencies at compile time; loops have an unknown number of iterations; accesses to global resourcesFunction prototype (600 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
its arguments. In this case the compiler would not be able to perform compile-time validity checking of the number and type(s) of arguments. The C99 standardFluent interface (2,925 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
In software engineering, a fluent interface is an object-oriented API whose design relies extensively on method chaining. Its goal is to increase codeDelay slot (2,471 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
specify some unrelated instruction, which may not always be obvious at compile-time. If the assumption is wrong, and the other side of the branch has toComparison of Prolog implementations (562 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
multi-argument (compile time) GNU Prolog Yes Yes Yes SICStus Prolog Yes Yes Yes SWI-Prolog Yes Yes Yes Yes Visual Prolog Yes (compile time) Yes (compile time) N/AStrictness analysis (476 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
if a function is proven to be strict (using strictness analysis) at compile time, it can be compiled to use a more efficient calling convention withoutDowncasting (708 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Downcasting myObject to String ('(String)myObject') was not possible at compile time because there are times that myObject is String type, so only at runSyntax (programming languages) (2,436 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
are sometimes considered to be syntax errors when they are detected at compile-time (which is usually the case when compiling strongly-typed languages),F Sharp (programming language) (4,085 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
uint<days> The F# static type checker provides this functionality at compile time, but units are erased from the compiled code. Consequently, it is notGoogle Web Toolkit (1,736 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
JavaScript errors, such as typos and type mismatches, are caught at compile time. The JavaScript that the GWT compiler generates can be tailored to beComparison of TLS implementations (4,833 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Disabled by default No No Yes Yes No No cryptlib No Disabled by default at compile time Yes Yes Yes No No GnuTLS No Disabled by default Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesPrintf (3,072 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
detect some invalid combinations of format specifiers and data types at compile time. In 1973, printf was included as a C standard library routine as partBridge pattern (1,903 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
implementation should be defined and extended independently from each other. A compile-time binding between an abstraction and its implementation should be avoidedAttribute-oriented programming (336 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
generators, you can use attributes to drive generation of additional code at compile-time. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) supports a kind of attribute calledBounds checking (1,237 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
is able to analyze if an array index or map key is out-of-bounds at compile time using existent types, which is a nominal type describing whether theEval (2,948 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
eval with strings in that code inside eval blocks is interpreted at compile-time instead of run-time, so it is not the meaning of eval used in this articleBETA (programming language) (589 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
C++, with most type checking done at compile-time. BETA aims to achieve an optimal balance between compile-time type checking and run-time type checkingEntity component system (1,648 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
entity encoding techniques, design and implementation of a multithreaded compile-time Entity-Component-System C++14 library 10.13140/RG.2.1.1307.4165. (https://wwwDynamic Invocation Interface (164 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
allows dynamic construction of CORBA object invocations. It is used at compile time when a client does not have knowledge about the object it wants to invokeRefinement type (356 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
type inference" whilst still "allowing more errors to be detected at compile-time". In more recent times, refinement type systems have been developed forTypestate analysis (1,836 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
variables of that type. This state information is used to determine at compile-time which operations are valid to be invoked upon an instance of the typeJava (programming language) (6,610 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
container class has to be created for each contained class. Generics allow compile-time type checking without having to create many container classes, each containingLex (software) (884 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
is more convenient to place this code in a separate file linked in at compile time. The following is an example Lex file for the flex version of Lex. ItGParted (541 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
operations on file systems (provided that all features were enabled at compile-time and all required tools are present on the system). The 'copy' field indicatesApache Groovy (3,367 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
be run by the JVM. AST Transformations provides Groovy with improved compile-time metaprogramming capabilities allowing powerful flexibility at the languageJava Platform Module System (1,271 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
JDK will verify dependencies and interactions between modules both at compile-time and runtime. For example, the following module declaration declares thatLoop perforation (283 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
of iterations. The compiler may select the perforation variant at the compile-time, or include instrumentation that allows the runtime system to adaptivelyCocoa (API) (2,955 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
ways. The implementation of the method is looked up at runtime, not compile time. There is a small performance penalty for this, but late binding allowsPL/I preprocessor (1,631 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
RETURN in a compile-time procedure only. %INCLUDE %IF – the %IF compile_time_comparison %THEN unit [%ELSE unit] was restored. A single compile-time builtinCoupling (computer programming) (2,453 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
into static (detectable at compile-time) and dynamic (detectable at runtime) forms. Static connascence refers to compile-time dependencies, such as methodCycada (compatibility layer) (628 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
iOS to run unmodified on the Android operating system. The method uses compile-time adaptation to run unmodified code with minimal implementation effortDefault argument (999 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
TypeScript. JavaScript's solution is not resolved statically (i.e. not at compile-time, which is why TypeScript models only the optionality and not the defaultFVWM (695 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
list messages. Many of these features can be disabled at runtime or compile time, or dynamically for specific windows, among many other options. FVWMVariadic template (1,709 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
interpreted at compile time, which means operands can't be runtime value (such as function parameters). Anything which is known at compile time can be passedLZFSE (763 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
LZVN is tunable at runtime, although a few constants can be tweaked at compile time for the usual speed-ratio trade-off. A reference C library written byCuriously recurring template pattern (1,753 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
derived class will be selected at compile time. This effectively emulates the virtual function call system at compile time without the costs in size or functionLiveScript (programming language) (324 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
hello! LiveScript introduces a number of other incompatible idioms: At compile time, the LiveScript parser implicitly converts kebab case (dashed variablesOpenQASM (524 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
OpenQASM are expected to support a wide range of classical operations for compile-time constants, but the support for these operations on runtime values mayMultiple inheritance (2,457 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
example, have two or more parents. Go prevents the diamond problem at compile time. If a structure D embeds two structures B and C which both have a methodBit array (3,218 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
defined statically (like C's static arrays, their sizes are fixed at compile-time). It is also a common idiom for C programmers to use words as small bitPicoChip (738 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
over an any:any interconnect mesh. The communication flows are fixed at compile time, not dynamically at run time (analogous to place & route of an FPGA butThreading Building Blocks (720 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
has the advantage of low-overhead polymorphism, since templates are a compile-time construct which modern C++ compilers can largely optimize away. oneTBBDwm (849 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
and secure - it does not process any input data which isn't known at compile time Byfield, Bruce (2007-05-31). "Keyboard-driven environments open a newPackage diagram (549 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
dependencies between major elements in the system Package diagrams represent a compile time grouping mechanism. "Packages". Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1. OMGSysctl (932 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
the elements comprising the MIB of the sysctl tree were hardcoded at compile time, and as of 2019, it's mostly still the case in OpenBSD (with some exceptionsADO.NET (698 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
strongly typed properties. This helps catch more programming errors at compile-time and enhances the IDE's Intellisense feature. A provider is a softwareC preprocessor (4,526 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
systems, hardware architectures, and even basic run-time libraries at compile-time." Most compilers targeting Microsoft Windows implicitly define _WIN32Nemerle (1,813 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
using this macro in code: def max = if (a > b) a else b; // during a compile time the upper line will be transformed to this: def max = match (a > b) {Binary Modular Dataflow Machine (1,824 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
well for loop-intensive regular array-based computations only, however, compile-time parallelization methods are weak in general and almost inapplicable forC++/CX (728 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
metadata and instantiated at runtime, unlike C++ templates which are compile-time constructs. Both are supported by the compiler and can be combined. generic<typenameLoop-switch sequence (373 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
handler. In event handler loops, the sequence of events is not known at compile-time, so the repeated switch is both necessary and correct (see event-drivenPresentation (software) (500 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
used to describe the stimuli and trials which make up an experiment. Compile-time logic can be used to generate and/or randomize stimuli. PCL is a fullyCoremark (542 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
pre-compute the results at compile time every operation in the benchmark derives a value that is not available at compile time. Furthermore, all code usedKVIrc (852 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
dropped in version 2.0.0. Partial KDE integration is still available as a compile time option. KVIrc 3.0.0 was released in 2004 with the support for Linux andRational data type (815 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
denominator. Built-in or core library: C++ has included support for compile-time rational arithmetic in the form of the contents of its standard library'sComparison of Java and C++ (6,103 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
generics, which main purpose is to provide type-safe containers. C++ has compile-time templates, which provide more extensive support for generic programmingC Sharp (programming language) (8,541 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
are considered safe, such as widening of integers. This is enforced at compile-time, during JIT, and, in some cases, at runtime. No implicit conversionsIntel Quark (1,029 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
those built using the Yocto Project can incorporate this workaround at compile time, general purpose Linux distributions such as Debian are deeply affectedPhalanger (compiler) (761 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
provides a way for accessing objects from the dynamic PHP world that lack compile-time type information from a statically typed language in a .NET environmentGLBasic (1,305 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
License 2D Free version for Windows, Mac and Linux (can also be used to compile time-limited versions for other supported platforms), Commercial version,GNU IceCat (1,323 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
have special permission, they must compile the Firefox source with a compile-time option that creates binaries without the official branding of FirefoxPurely functional programming (907 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
nor too small. In theory, it is possible to use runtime profiling and compile-time analysis to judge whether introducing parallelism will speed up the programGNU IceCat (1,323 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
have special permission, they must compile the Firefox source with a compile-time option that creates binaries without the official branding of FirefoxService locator pattern (505 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
registry hides the class' dependencies, causing run-time errors instead of compile-time errors when dependencies are missing (unlike when using constructor injection)Static cast (250 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
enums to ints or floats. Although static_cast conversions are checked at compile time to prevent obvious incompatibilities, no run-time type checking is performedOCaml (4,161 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
regular compile time, so the incremental compiler can optimize away many cases of condition checking, etc. As an example: if at compile time it is knownSQLJ (558 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
shorter than equivalent JDBC programs. SQL syntax can be checked at compile time. The returned query results can also be checked strictly. PreprocessorVisitor pattern (3,978 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
opposed to visit(Engine) etc.) can be * made during compile time since 'this' is known at compile * time to be a Wheel. Moreover, each implementation of *Conditional operator (1,057 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
conditional expression. Otherwise, no expression type can be determined, and a compile-time error occurs. If only one of x and y has a type, and both x and y areOpenMP (4,497 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
portability. They enable adaptation of OpenMP pragmas and user code at compile time. The specification defines traits to describe active OpenMP constructsStored procedure (1,298 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
plan because not all arguments of the SQL statement are supplied at compile time. Depending on the specific database implementation and configurationKpatch (972 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
2015. Retrieved April 27, 2015. Jonathan Corbet (September 30, 2015). "Compile-time stack validation". LWN.net. Retrieved October 2, 2015. Josh PoimboeufSmart Common Input Method (566 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
environments without rewrite or recompile of the IMEngine modules, reducing the compile time or development time of the project. SCIM is a high-level library, similarConcurrent Pascal (707 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
procedures These omissions make it possible to guarantee, by a combination of compile-time checks and minimal run-time checking in the threaded-code interpreterWebCL (1,095 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Whenever there arises such a case, an error must be generated at the compile time, and zero must be returned at run-time, not letting the program overrideBrotli (1,637 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
content-encoding method since version 11 (released on 5 October 2017). cURL has a compile-time option to support the "br" content-encoding method using libbrotli asIntersection type (2,394 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
(resp. cow). Line 11, if uncommented, would result in a type error at compile time. Although the implementation of animalToFood could invoke the produceIs functions (1,648 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
will raise a compile-time error if the compared expression is a value rather than a reference type, catching the type mismatch at compile time rather thanColorForth (535 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
the compiler operates on the tokenized form, so there is less work at compile time. colorForth is an idiosyncratic programming environment: the colors simplifyClass variable (460 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
resolved, not via dynamic dispatch, or their memory statically allocated at compile time (once for the entire class, as static variables), not dynamically allocatedSubstitution failure is not an error (727 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
a header file), many developers later found the behavior useful for compile-time introspection. Specifically, it allows a template to determine certainJava collections framework (4,277 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
instead of an array prevents run time exceptions by instead throwing a compile-time exception to inform the developer to fix the code. For example, if aDesign Patterns (1,772 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
between two parts of a system are established only at runtime, not at compile-time. The Callback article has more information about delegation. The authorsAlias analysis (893 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
to the same memory location). It cannot be conclusively determined at compile time if p and q alias or not. If p and q cannot alias, then i = p.foo + 3;BIND (1,204 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
anything other than flat text files, in 2007 BIND 9.4 DLZ provided a compile-time option for zone storage in a variety of database formats including LDAPC mathematical functions (1,095 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
different types of parameters; the actual function will be selected at compile time according to the types of the parameters. Each type-generic macro thatReal-time operating system (2,344 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
possible, all required memory allocation is specified statically at compile time. Another reason to avoid dynamic memory allocation is memory fragmentationPolymorphism (computer science) (1,862 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
distinguished by when the implementation is selected: statically (at compile time) or dynamically (at run time, typically via a virtual function). ThisReference (computer science) (1,928 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
address, except that it carries a static datatype which can be used at compile-time to ensure that the data it refers to is not misinterpreted. However,OSEK (1,934 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
therefore features of an OSEK implementation will be usually configured at compile-time. The number of application tasks, stacks, mutexes, etc. is staticallyC Sharp 4.0 (1,114 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
resolution will only consider the methods that are exposed on the declared compile-time type of the receiver. For example: class Base { void Foo(double x); }Flyweight pattern (1,598 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
upfront overhead: objects for the caches are initialized in bulk at compile time or startup. Once objects populate the cache, the object retrieval algorithmScheme 48 (545 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
inference, and all higher-order procedures were beta-substituted away at compile time, meaning you could *straightforwardly* translate a prescheme programJava package (1,113 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Since Java 9, the JDK is able to check the module dependencies both at compile time and runtime. The JDK itself is modularized for Java 9. For example, theImperative programming (3,629 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
stored in the global and static data region have their addresses set at compile-time. They retain their values throughout the life of the process. The globalSwift (programming language) (7,948 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
version of Swift 5 by extending the stable features of the language to compile-time with the introduction of module stability. The introduction of moduleSwift (programming language) (7,948 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
version of Swift 5 by extending the stable features of the language to compile-time with the introduction of module stability. The introduction of moduleDelegation (object-oriented programming) (1,631 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
object is not statically bound to that object at definition time (such as compile time or when the function is attached to an object), but rather at evaluationGlossary of Unified Modeling Language terms (3,415 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
object-oriented programming; a cohesive unit of Attributes and Operations; a compile-time template for an Object Class diagram - a type of static structure diagramWolfSSL (1,039 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
been disabled by default since wolfSSL 3.6.6, but can be enabled with a compile-time option. wolfSSL uses the following cryptography libraries: By defaultS-algol (3,053 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
the ALGOL family this is offered by procedures with parameters.: 5 Compile-time type checking – Types can be checked by a static analysis of the programInner class (984 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Inner classes may not have static variables or methods, except for compile-time constant variables. When they are created, they must have a referenceUnreachable code (1,322 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Compilers will typically not be able to remove the unused code sections at compile time, as the behavior is largely determined by the values of arguments atCranelift (502 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
compilation, Cranelift instead focuses on just-in-time compilation with short compile time being an explicit goal of the project. As of 2023, Cranelift supportsJScript .NET (893 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
can be cast implicitly; the vice versa can be done without error at compile time, but there is a chance of loss of precision or data. e.g.: import System;Equation Group (1,724 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Equation Group has been around longer than Stuxnet, based on the recorded compile time of Fanny. F-Secure claims that the Equation Group's malicious hard driveConcept (generic programming) (701 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
Nim programming language implements concepts as a series of arbitrary compile-time boolean predicates. Another language implementing something very similarJudy array (586 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
hand, Judy arrays are not suitable for all key types, rely heavily on compile-time case-splitting (which increases both the compiled code size and the workTransclusion (2,576 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
instructions, and/or branching to later parts of the document, depending on compile-time variables. Macro: Assembly languages, and some high-level programmingKGraft (1,208 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
2015. Retrieved April 27, 2015. Jonathan Corbet (September 30, 2015). "Compile-time stack validation". LWN.net. Retrieved October 2, 2015. Josh PoimboeufComparison of C Sharp and Java (13,904 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
member access dynamically at runtime as opposed to statically/virtual at compile time. The member lookup mechanism is extensible with traditional reflectionXPL (2,343 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
disks with larger block sizes. The working disk block size was also a compile-time constant in XCOM. XMON used a very simple strategy for disk direct accessTensor software (2,065 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
and all their possible contraction and permutation thereof. It employs compile-time graph search optimisations to find the optimal contraction sequence betweenPrototype pattern (1,334 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
is inflexible because it commits the class to particular objects at compile-time and makes it impossible to specify which objects to create at run-timeTiny C Compiler (1,324 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
improved code stability. TCC allows programs to be run automatically at compile time using a command-line switch. This allows programs to be run as a shellIBM RPG III (237 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
that disk files are built and RPG III programs are attached to them at compile time. Some other noteworthy changes from RPG II include: 1. The object cannotPyPy (1,646 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
on the Python language such that a variable's type can be inferred at compile time. The PyPy project has developed a toolchain that analyzes RPython codeProfile Scripting Language (780 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
executed at COMPILE time in order to generate runtime code. This feature can generate heavily optimized or specialized code depending on compile time or programStrictfp (668 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
class, all calculations inside the class use strict floating-point math. Compile-time constant expressions must always use strict floating-point behavior.Region-based memory management (2,921 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
allocation expressions to particular regions, is inserted by the compiler at compile-time. The compiler is able to do this in such a way that it can guaranteeParrot virtual machine (1,347 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Parrot provides an arbitrary number of registers; this number is fixed at compile time per subroutine. In PASM set I1, 4 inc I1 # I1 is now 5 add I1, 2 # I1Plus (programming language) (593 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
constants Actively assist in the detection and isolation of errors, at compile-time if possible and optionally at run-time where necessary Generate efficientAndrew Appel (487 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
an asymptotically fast N-body algorithm. 1981. Appel, Andrew (1985). Compile-time Evaluation and Code Generation for Semantics-directed Compilers (PhD)Distcc (507 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
May 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2021. Laurence Bonney (2004-07-22). "Reduce compile time with distcc". IBM. Retrieved 2011-08-24. Martin Pool (2007-02-23). "distccCommon Lisp (11,969 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
syntax for complex and repeated source code top-level defining forms with compile-time side-effects data-driven programming embedded domain specific languagesApache Spark (2,752 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
command-line interfaces and ODBC/JDBC server. Although DataFrames lack the compile-time type-checking afforded by RDDs, as of Spark 2.0, the strongly typed DataSetProgram analysis (1,314 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
attributed to an unsigned variable. Type checking can be done statically (at compile time), dynamically (at runtime) or a combination of both. Static type informationVala (programming language) (1,838 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
languages, e.g., C#, as the Vala parser is written as a library, so that all compile-time information is available when generating a binding. Tooling for ValaXQuery (2,235 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
languages. This also makes it easier to detect errors in XQuery code at compile time. The fact that XSLT 2.0 uses XML syntax makes it rather verbose in comparisonDevicetree (1,044 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
boot loader, replacing a range of board-specific C source files and compile-time options in the kernel. It is specified in a Devicetree Source file (Windows software trace preprocessor (1,282 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
performance of a software product if it cannot be disabled (either at compile-time via conditional compilation, or at run-time via flags). Additional considerationsWindows software trace preprocessor (1,282 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
performance of a software product if it cannot be disabled (either at compile-time via conditional compilation, or at run-time via flags). Additional considerationsString interpolation (2,211 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
well-formed and well-typed, and then are expanded into Nim source code at compile-time. import strutils, strformat var apples = 4 var bananas = 3 echo "I haveFortran (11,245 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
might run. The first FORTRAN compiler used this weighting to perform at compile time a Monte Carlo simulation of the generated code, the results of whichStdarg.h (1,209 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
size of arguments passed into such calls must generally be known at compile time. To some extent, this restriction can be relaxed by employing variadicObserver pattern (2,358 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
real-time systems) where the overhead of abstraction is unacceptable and compile-time optimization is crucial. The observer pattern provides a more flexibleGNOME (8,238 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
compile time dependency on systemd for basic functionality, like session tracking. For non-basic functionality, like power management, compile time dependencyHTTP compression (1,841 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
compression based on (raw) LZMA is available in Opera 20, and in elinks via a compile-time option peerdist – Microsoft Peer Content Caching and Retrieval rsyncC++ (5,751 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
standard library qsort, thanks to C++ features like using inlining and compile-time binding instead of function pointers. The standard does not refer toUnit of measurement (3,382 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
measure, converting between them, and checking their type safety at compile-time. One example of the importance of agreed units is the failure of theSmalltalk (9,727 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
quotes is the syntax for literal strings), created by the compiler at compile time. In the original Parc Place image, the glyph of the underscore characterIA-64 (3,187 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
implementations rely heavily on sophisticated compilers to determine at compile time which instructions can be executed at the same time and the proper schedulingURBI (969 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
UObject can be used in plugged mode if it is directly linked to Urbi at compile time or with dynamic loading. In that case, the C++ object shares the UrbiAMD FireStream (1,734 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
are not supported in Brook+ because all function calls are inlined at compile time. Using CAL, functions (recursive or otherwise) are supported to 32 levelsApache Hive (2,300 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
an abstract syntax tree (AST). After checking for compatibility and compile time errors, it converts the AST to a directed acyclic graph (DAG). The DAGRed Lizard Software (208 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
Jayet, Michel Lussenburg and Felix Rauch. Model Checking Software at Compile Time. Proceedings of the 1st IEEE & IFIP International Symposium on TheoreticalDomain-specific language (3,812 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
which are converted or expanded into a host general purpose language at compile-time or realtime As embedded domain-specific language (eDSL) also known asAd hoc polymorphism (985 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
consistency of the different implementations. Since overloading is done at compile time, it is not a substitute for late binding as found in subtyping polymorphismRm (Unix) (1,652 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
command-line arguments before kernel 2.6.23, the limits were defined at kernel compile time and can be modified by changing the variable MAX_ARG_PAGES in include/linux/binfmtsIBM System/38 (2,611 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
instructions are never interpreted. They constitute an intermediate compile time step and are translated into the processor's instruction set as the finalXML (7,246 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
easier to read and maintain, and it can help to identify problems at compile time rather than run-time. XML data binding is particularly well-suited forGosu (programming language) (682 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
Type System, which allows the language to be easily extended to provide compile-time checking and IDE awareness of information that is typically checked onlyGLFW (389 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
others. GLFW version 3.2 has experimental support for Wayland through compile-time flags. GLUT – OpenGL's legacy windowing toolkit OpenGL Extension WranglerSaffron Type System (1,213 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
of ADFs for representing glyphs: explicit ADFs and implicit ADFs. A compile time flag controls the selection of which ADF type to use throughout the systemData structure alignment (3,426 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
-malign-double compile time option). A long long (eight bytes) will be 8-byte aligned on Windows and 4-byte aligned on Linux (8-byte with -malign-double compile timePattern matching (2,581 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
structure generated by a recursive data type. The compiler verifies at compile-time that the list of cases is exhaustive and none are redundant. type colorContinuation (3,043 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Java: Lightwolf javaflow (requires bytecode manipulation at runtime or compile time) Kotlin : Continuation JavaScript Rhino : Continuation Parrot: ContinuationOff-side rule (1,291 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Report – Layout Lobster, a programming language with static typing and compile-time memory management for game/graphical development MoonScript, a languageUncontrolled format string (1,327 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
these are only useful for detecting bad format strings that are known at compile-time. If the format string may come from the user or from a source externalCrystal (programming language) (776 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
"butterflies", 1_000_000] p typeof(desired_things.first) # typeof returns the compile time type, here (Symbol | String | Int32) p desired_things.first.class # theTracing (software) (1,313 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
even when tracing is not active. If tracing is enabled or disabled at compile-time, collecting trace data from a client's system hinges on their willingnessData descriptor (530 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
systems descriptors Holt, Richard C. (July 1987). "Data descriptors: a compile-time model of data and addressing". ACM Transactions on Programming LanguagesBiodiversity action plan (2,941 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
may require considerable local data collection. It is also useful to compile time trends of population estimates in order to understand the dynamics ofAndrew Koenig (programmer) (1,090 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
JOOP 10(5): 6–9, 21 (1997) Report from London. JOOP 10(6): 11-16 (1997) Compile-Time Type Computation. JOOP 10(7): 11-14 (1997) The Importance — and Hazards —Kotlin (programming language) (4,627 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
sealed class Job All the subclasses of the sealed class are defined at compile time. No new subclasses can be added to it after the compilation of the moduleSoftware design pattern (3,180 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
can be proven. This is a notable capability of the Rust language, but compile-time checking isn't the only means, a programmer will often manually designStepping (debugging) (1,035 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
Instrumentation involves adding additional source code to the program at compile time to call the animator before or after each statement to halt normal executionManaged Extensions for C++ (2,127 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
with all the other .NET languages). C++/CLI supports both templates (at compile time) and generics (at run time). The following examples depict the use ofData Distribution Service (1,598 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
structures. To be extensible, DDS topics use data types defined before compile time and used throughout the DDS global data space. This model is desirableApply (1,449 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
because this is the only way to call a function with an indeterminate (at compile time) number of arguments. In Common Lisp apply is a function that appliesClang (2,730 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
mid-2014, Clang still consistently compiles faster than GCC in a mixed compile time and program performance benchmark. However, by 2019, Clang is significantlySizeof (1,838 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
is possible just because the actual array size is fixed and known at compile time, when the sizeof operator is evaluated. The following program uses sizeofGo (programming language) (8,128 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
when assigned to a typed variable if the value they represent passes a compile-time check. Function types are indicated by the func keyword; they take zeroComparison of Pascal and C (6,136 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
In Pascal the number of elements in each array type is determined at compile-time and cannot be changed during the execution of the program. Hence, itApply (1,449 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
because this is the only way to call a function with an indeterminate (at compile time) number of arguments. In Common Lisp apply is a function that appliesThunk (1,902 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
an argument in Algol-60 could be figured out in advance with a little compile-time thought [...] In other words, it had 'already been thought of'; thusTagged union (3,515 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
of a tagged union are always handled, avoiding many types of errors. Compile-time checked sum types are also extensively used in Rust, where they are calledListaller (815 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
through Apper, although distributors need to explicitly enable it using a compile-time switch. Support for GNOME is currently being developed as part of theOxygene (programming language) (2,270 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
The code to raise the events will then be added to this method during compile time. namespace HelloWorld; interface type HelloClass = class public classAt sign (5,554 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
@safe, @nogc, user defined @('from_user') which can be evaluated at compile time (with __traits) or @property to declare properties, which are functionsSystemVerilog (3,963 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
runtime (as shown above.) Whereas a packed array's size must be known at compile time (from a constant or expression of constants), the dynamic array sizeC99 (2,608 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
restrict qualification allows more aggressive code optimization, removing compile-time array access advantages previously held by FORTRAN over ANSI C universalOptimJ (1,709 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
it is able to generate a structured graphical view of this data at compile-time. This is especially relevant in the case of associative arrays whereOff-the-record messaging (1,884 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Blink SIP client (OS X) BitlBee (cross-platform), since 3.0 (optional at compile-time) CenterIM (Unix-like), since 4.22.2 ChatSecure (iOS) Zom Mobile MessengerGNU Compiler Collection (4,863 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved May 17, 2021. "Security Features: Compile Time Buffer Checks (FORTIFY_SOURCE)". fedoraproject.org. Archived from theCMake (2,280 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
binaries/libraries, avoiding dynamic (run-time) linking and using static (compile-time) linking instead. This enables flexibility in configuration of variousList of free and open-source Android applications (1,840 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
self-documenting text editor No Yes GPLv3+ 2.2+ Version support is decided at compile-time and individual binaries may require more recent releases of Android.MAJC (1,322 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
of stalls because it is difficult to understand runtime behavior at compile-time, making the MAJC approach in dealing with this problem particularly interestingPLANC (881 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
from left to right: First it computes the value, and then stores it. Compile-time initialization of variables, in contrast, evaluates from right to leftScala (programming language) (10,214 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
relationships. In other languages, a similar effect could be achieved at compile-time with a long linear chain of implementation inheritance, but with theConditional (computer programming) (4,024 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
evaluates to () by default. To ensure the if expression's type is known at compile time, each branch must evaluate to a value of the same type. For this reasonC++17 (1,995 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
non-type template arguments Fold expressions, for variadic templates A compile-time static if with the form if constexpr(expression) Structured binding declarationsOpenCL (10,679 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
for FPGA implementations by making connectivity size and type known at compile time, enabling efficient device-scope communication between kernels. OpenCL.properties (1,456 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
includes two stylesheets for .properties and .xml property generation at compile time (Ant based.) JLokalize - open source Java properties editor with reversalPointer (computer programming) (9,678 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
unsigned values. Although it is impossible in general to determine at compile-time which casts are safe, some languages store run-time type informationVariant type (COM) (672 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
different data types. Since the data type of these items cannot be known at compile time, the methods to add items to and retrieve items from a collection useCommand pattern (2,418 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
is inflexible because it couples the class to a particular request at compile-time, which makes it impossible to specify a request at run-time. Using theHardware emulation (1,425 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
analyze strength resolution, or at least this must be done statically at compile time. Emulators do not model precise circuit timing, and hence they will probablyPascalABC.NET (2,471 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
easier to learn programming, because all semantic errors are caught at compile time rather than occur unpredictably at runtime. Pascal is often regardedTcov (1,377 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
implementation, also known as tcov enhanced, no additional files are created at compile time. Instead, directory is created to store the profile data, and a singleExplicit data graph execution (2,876 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
the advantages of the VLIW concept of looking for independent data at compile time, with the superscalar RISC concept of executing the instructions whenProcess substitution (892 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
or write to another program. Process substitution was available as a compile-time option for ksh88, the 1988 version of the KornShell from Bell Labs. TheSingle compilation unit (588 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
pre-processor directives to "glue" different translation units together at compile time rather than at link time. This reduces the overall build time, due toLattice C (522 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
PC Magazine that year similarly praised Lattice C's documentation and compile-time and runtime performance, and stated that it was slightly superior toAtan2 (3,576 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
many more than two methods, to allow for aggressive optimisation at compile time. Mathcad uses the argument order atan2(x, y). atan2(0, 0) is undefinedLisp machine (3,868 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
specifically, since Lisp variables are typed at runtime rather than compile time, a simple addition of two variables could take five times as long onVisualWorks (1,522 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
non-Smalltalk development environments, code libraries are imported at compile time, using an include command. In Smalltalk, code libraries are loaded intoLazy evaluation (3,549 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
control structures to be defined normally, and not as primitives or compile-time techniques. For example, one can define if-then-else and short-circuitShadow memory (376 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
program memory use. AddressSanitizer on the other hand is created on compile-time and inserts error-checking code inline into a program during compilationParser combinator (1,678 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
users of ambiguous programming languages, which are not reported at compile-time, and which are introduced not by human error, but by ambiguous grammarComparison of programming languages (list comprehension) (1,259 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
10] The comprehension is implemented as a macro that is expanded at compile time, you can see the expanded code using the expandMacro compiler option:Property (programming) (1,742 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
Bar bar; bar.alpha = true; bar.bravo = true; // This line will yield a compile time error // due to the guard template member function. ::std::cout << fooRelational operator (2,852 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
usual order: if (2 == a) { /* Mistaken use of = versus == would be a compile-time error */ } If = is used accidentally, the resulting code is invalid becauseFault injection (4,059 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
techniques can be categorized into two types: compile-time injection and runtime injection. Compile-time injection is an injection technique where sourceEnumerated type (4,344 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
these, except that an enumeration is a real type in C++, giving added compile-time checking. Also (as with structs), the C++ enum keyword is combined withFunctional programming (8,696 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
manipulation of complex data structures convenient; the presence of strong compile-time type checking makes programs more reliable in absence of other reliabilityParaView (2,001 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article
8, 2016. Kitware (August 22, 2012). "ParaView/Extending ParaView at Compile Time". Retrieved March 8, 2016. David Higham (March 17, 2005). "Sandia NationalPL/C (4,270 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
production IBM PL/I F compiler then available was much too slow, in both compile time and execution time, for its use to be practical for student programsOGNL (512 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
behavior based on the state of the object graph instead of relying on compile time settings. It also allows changes to the object graph. WebWork and itsSalsa20 (3,577 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
made it possible for OpenSSH to avoid any dependency on OpenSSL, via a compile-time option. ChaCha20 is also used for the arc4random random number generatorChromium B.S.U. (709 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
these things. Audio is an option that is configurable by the user at compile time. The user may choose between OpenAL and SDL_Mixer for audio playbackPHP (12,596 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
so static variables are bound with a name instead of a reference at compile time. If the developer creates a copy of an object using the reserved wordELKI (2,106 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
reused, and the type safety of Java detects many programming errors at compile time. ELKI is a free tool for analyzing data, mainly focusing on finding patternsBranch predictor (4,762 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
technique as a fall-back. In static prediction, all decisions are made at compile time, before the execution of the program. Dynamic branch prediction usesProlog (8,098 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
interpretation to derive type and mode information of predicates at compile time, or compile to real machine code for high performance. Devising efficientPredication (computer architecture) (1,636 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
frequently executed, but determining such a path is very difficult at compile time, even in the presence of profiling information. Predicated instructionsDouble dispatch (4,333 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
the type of the argument. Function overloading, however, is done at compile time using "name mangling" where the internal name of the function encodesBuffer overflow (5,132 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
other than C or C++ provide runtime checking and in some cases even compile-time checking which might send a warning or raise an exception, while C orX86-64 (12,493 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
define specific features that can be targeted by programmers to provide compile-time optimizations. The features exposed by each level are as follows: TheZero-based numbering (2,957 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
so the indirection optimization provided by these arrays was done at compile time. The optimization was nevertheless important. In 1982 Edsger W. DijkstraC data types (3,285 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
"array of array …", and all except the outermost dimension must have compile-time constant size: int a[10][8]; // array of 10 elements, each of type 'arrayVan Wijngaarden grammar (2,900 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
constraints like the above can be checked, ruling many invalid programs out at compile time. As Van Wijngaarden wrote in his preface: My main objections were certainMagic quotes (1,066 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
dangerous." It was however originally introduced in PHP 2 as a php.h compile-time setting for msql, only escaping single quotes, "making it easier to passAppleScript (6,523 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
key–value pairs; runtime keyed access is unsupported; all keys must be compile-time constant identifiers File system alias: reference to an existing fileDynamic software updating (3,570 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
utility has also been developed with the purpose of checking kernel's compile-time object files and ensuring that the call stack is always maintained; itDefinite assignment analysis (1,183 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
programming language specifications require that the compiler report a compile-time error if the analysis fails. Both languages require a specific form ofSpring Framework (6,684 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
declarative transaction management and dependency injection via AspectJ compile-time or load-time weaving. SpringSource uses AspectJ AOP in other Spring projectsIEEE 754 (7,694 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
(especially beneficial when the exponent range is known, fixed, or bound at compile time) IBM System z9, the first CPU to implement IEEE 754-2008 decimal arithmeticBézier curve (6,981 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
bindings for various languages C++ library to generate Bézier functions at compile time Simple Bézier curve implementation via recursive method in PythonSystemd (6,528 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
functionality should not rely on systemd. However, GNOME 3.8 introduced a compile-time choice between the logind and ConsoleKit API, the former being providedBoolean algebra (9,572 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
mask) to be written directly as a constant denoting a byte calculated at compile time, 0x80 in the (SRC^DST)&MSK example, 0x88 if just SRC^DST, etc. At runTagsistant (931 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
read-only files containing usage statistics. A file configuration holds both compile time information and current repository configuration. It has been highlightedLinked list (7,792 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
long as the number of families that a member can belong to is known at compile time, internal storage works fine. If, however, a member needed to be includedOpenGL ES (3,424 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
loops where the maximum number of iterations can easily be determined at compile time. Almost all rendering features of the transform and lighting stage, suchInteger literal (1,109 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
As with other literals, integer literals are generally evaluated at compile time, as part of the semantic analysis phase. In some cases this semanticIIf (838 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
compiler magic function of Oxygene. It is not a real function and is at compile time unrolled to conditional statements. var someString := iif(someInt > 35Pugs (compiler) (656 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
static typing can make it easier for program bugs to be detected at compile time. Haskell code is also often thought to be concise. The Parsec libraryMagic SysRq key (1,524 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
replay-kernel-logs(R) reset-sched-ext(S) The feature is controlled both by a compile-time option in the kernel configuration, CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ, and a sysctlAddressing mode (6,131 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
of a char; the actual multiple is determined by the system-dependent compile-time operator sizeof. The Elliott 503, the Elliott 803, and the Apollo GuidanceDavid Abrahams (computer programmer) (630 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
including re-implementing much of the Standard Template Library in a compile-time world, with all operations on types. In 2003, Abrahams presented BindingOutline of Perl (3,908 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
numerical vs. non-numerical) is performed at run-time as opposed to at compile-time. Therefore, the type for a particular variable or value is not lockedC syntax (10,915 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
concatenation, meaning that adjacent string literals are concatenated at compile time; this allows long strings to be split over multiple lines, and also allowsLoop unrolling (3,378 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
implemented dynamically if the number of array elements is unknown at compile time (as in Duff's device). Optimizing compilers will sometimes perform theRecursion (computer science) (7,388 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
requirements; in contrast, the size of a static array must be set at compile time. "Recursive algorithms are particularly appropriate when the underlyingC syntax (10,915 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
concatenation, meaning that adjacent string literals are concatenated at compile time; this allows long strings to be split over multiple lines, and also allowsForwarding (object-oriented programming) (1,222 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
} // changing the implementing object in run-time (normally done in compile time) class C implements I { I i = null; // forwarding public C(I i){ setI(i);Recursion (computer science) (7,388 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
requirements; in contrast, the size of a static array must be set at compile time. "Recursive algorithms are particularly appropriate when the underlyingFLEXPART (462 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
for wind fields and turbulence. The code was also parallelized with compile-time options for OpenMP and MPI added to the previous default serial modeAMD Optimizing C/C++ Compiler (353 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
support improved for C/C++ and Fortran; general improvements targeting compile time reduction; new option to display the AOCC Optimization Report; tunedSamplesort (3,298 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
+ (a > tj) j := j − p + 1 Since the number of buckets k is known at compile time, this loop can be unrolled by the compiler. The comparison operationANGLE (software) (926 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
Windows SolveSpace uses ANGLE on Windows. GameMaker: Studio uses ANGLE at compile-time to convert GLSL ES shaders to HLSL9 for the old Windows 32-bit exportStack machine (5,787 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
decision of which registers to spill, and when, is made statically at compile time rather than on the dynamic depth of the calls. This can lead to moreJulia (programming language) (8,458 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
(MSP) paradigm popularized by Taha and Sheard, which generalizes the compile time/run time stages of program execution by allowing for multiple stagesStatic single-assignment form (3,970 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
include: Constant propagation – conversion of computations from runtime to compile time, e.g. treat the instruction a=3*4+5; as if it were a=17; Value rangeLiveCode (1,680 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
easy for beginners to learn. Variables are typeless, and are typed at compile time based purely on context. This makes the language simple to read and maintainEiffel (programming language) (6,083 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
client and supplier classes. Feature visibility is checked statically at compile-time. For example, (below), the "{NONE}" is similar to "protected" in otherRed (programming language) (1,095 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article
underlying reactive dataflow engine, a 2D drawing dialect comparable to SVG, compile-time and runtime macro support, and more than 40 standard datatypes. The followingAutomatic differentiation (6,146 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
programming languages, and it is also easier for the compiler to do compile time optimizations. However, the implementation of the AD tool itself is morePerst (1,065 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
for specific C# 2.0 features (such as template classes) is provided at compile time. It is compatible with both standard and compact .NET frameworks, asCalling convention (4,158 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
to fit in r0 to r3, or whose size cannot be determined statically at compile time, then the caller must allocate space for that value at run time, andOpenBSD security features (3,213 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
in OpenBSD in an attempt to find other common programming mistakes at compile time. Other security-related APIs developed by the OpenBSD project includeCriticism of Java (3,615 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
attempt to access an array component with a long index value results in a compile-time error. Supporting large arrays would also require changes to the JVMPerl Compatible Regular Expressions (2,516 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
recursion and has no hard limit for recursion depth, whereas PCRE2 has a compile-time default limit that can be adjusted up or down by the calling applicationComparison of Linux distributions (4,246 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
Distribution Compile time buffer checks Mandatory access control Software executable space protection grsecurity RSBAC Alpine Linux Yes Unknown PaX DiscontinuedHCL Notes (7,801 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
features/improvements: The JVM in Designer is Upgraded to use 1.8 at compile time, Eclipse Platform Upgraded to 4.6.2, Embedded Sametime Upgraded To 9Dimensional analysis (11,968 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
doing units conversion by dimensional analysis A C++ implementation of compile-time dimensional analysis in the Boost open-source libraries Buckingham'sPOP-2 (1,618 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
research-council funded project. That version introduced caged address spaces, some compile-time syntactic typing (e.g., for integers and reals), and some pattern matchingShadow stack (590 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
Security and Privacy: 48–63. Chieuh, Tzi-cker; Hsu, Fu-Hau (2001). "RAD: A Compile-Time Solution To Buffer Overflow Attacks". Proceedings 21st InternationalCoroutine (5,477 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
possible by rewriting regular Java bytecode, either on the fly or at compile time. Toolkits include Javaflow, Java Coroutines, and Coroutines. Platform-specificComparison of parser generators (1,133 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
"Tree-Sitter - An incremental parsing system for programming tools". "Parse - Compile time (LR) type safe parser generator for C++". GitHub. 30 December 2021. KuramitsuIP Pascal (4,932 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
programs (8-bit characters) or Unicode mode programs by a simple switch at compile time (unlike many other languages, there is no source difference between UnicodeIBM System Object Model (2,136 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
time. COM demands that the programmer specify the exact base class at compile time, making it impossible to insert other derived classes in the middle;Comparison of web browsers (5,454 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
support. Behavior towards malicious certificates can only be set up in compile time. Information about what image formats the browsers support. ExternalStream Processors, Inc. (1,334 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
produce data records (streams). Kernels and streams are scheduled at compile-time and moved to on-chip memory at runtime via a scoreboard. The compilerCorVision (1,494 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
structures can be changed throughout development then brought together at compile time. The structure and key structure files are loaded before the processBurroughs MCP (5,697 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
attributes as well, such as the task priority (which is assigned at compile time or execution time, or can be changed while the task is running), processorDivision algorithm (5,900 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
reciprocal (1/D). Thus it is possible to compute the value of (1/D) once at compile time, and at run time perform the multiplication N·(1/D) rather than the divisionSpectre (security vulnerability) (7,089 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article
because indirect branches are branches whose targets are unknown at compile time and need to be resolved dynamically. An attacker can poison the BranchProtel (1,110 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
array structure. TABLE is only used for arrays whose size is known at compile time. Descriptors are the preferred way to reference arrays. Indexing a tableCommon Image Generator Interface (1,270 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
interface. The CCL interprets Host or Image Generator messages based on compile time parameters. It also performs error handling and translation between differentComparison of multi-paradigm programming languages (1,398 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
programs (or themselves) as their data, or that do part of the work at compile time that would otherwise be done at runtime Template metaprogramming – metaprogrammingSemantics encoding (1,514 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
and possibly some others. Simulations are used typically to describe compile-time optimizations. soundness for every terms T A 1 , T A 2 {\displaystyleForeach loop (4,147 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
return 0; } C int array as a collection of int (array size known at compile-time) #include <stdio.h> /* foreach macro viewing an array of int values asData organization for low power (831 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
instead of stack. The location of a global array can be determined at compile time, whereas local array location can only be determined when the subprogramName mangling (4,519 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article
used many versions of symbol mangling schemes that can be selected at compile time with an -Z symbol-mangling-version option. The following manglers areOffsetof (939 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
cases when offsetof will either yield an incorrect value, generate a compile-time warning or error, or outright crash the program. This is especially the86-DOS (3,963 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article
hard-coded into disk profiles associated to certain drive letters at compile-time. MS-DOS would not be able to mount such volumes as (in absence of a BPB)