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searching for Collision frequency 43 found (53 total)

Fick's laws of diffusion (7,222 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

represents the lower limit of the real collision frequency. In 2022, Chen calculates the upper limit of the collision frequency between A and B in a solution assuming

Electrojet (457 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

collision frequency. In contrast, the principal E region ions (O2+ and NO+) have gyrofrequencies much lower than the ion-neutral collision frequency.

Magnetic diffusivity (276 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

m_{e}} is the electron mass. ν c {\displaystyle \nu _{c}} is the collision frequency. Electrical resistivity and conductivity Somov, Boris V. (2012).

Bohm diffusion (2,099 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mean free path and τ {\displaystyle \tau } is the inverse of the collision frequency. The diffusion coefficient D can be expressed variously as D = δ

Electrical mobility (967 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

species, ν m {\displaystyle \nu _{\text{m}}} is the momentum-transfer collision frequency, m {\displaystyle m} is the mass. Mobility is related to the species'

Electrothermal instability (2,759 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

between the electron gyrofrequency Ωe and the electron-heavy particles collision frequency ν: β = Ω e ν = e B m e ν {\displaystyle \beta \,=\,{\frac {\Omega

Donald J. Kessler (533 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

first published his ideas in 1978, in an academic paper titled "Collision Frequency of Artificial Satellites: The Creation of a Debris Belt." The paper

Kessler syndrome (3,858 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

objects. In June 1978, Kessler and Burton Cour-Palais co-authored "Collision Frequency of Artificial Satellites: The Creation of a Debris Belt", demonstrating

RRKM theory (606 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

quantum number of angular momentum, ω {\displaystyle \omega } is the collision frequency between A ∗ {\displaystyle A^{*}} molecule and bath molecules, Q

Langevin dynamics (625 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the damping constant (units of reciprocal time), also known as the collision frequency; T {\displaystyle T} is the temperature, k B {\displaystyle k_{\rm

Appleton–Hartree equation (1,011 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle Z={\frac {\nu }{\omega }}} ν {\displaystyle \nu } : electron collision frequency ω = 2 π f {\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f} : angular frequency f {\displaystyle

International Standard Atmosphere (1,551 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

conductivity 2.5339 × 10-2 W m-1 K-1 Mean free path 6.6317 × 10-8 m Collision frequency 6.9204 × 109 s-1 Particle speed 4.5894 × 102 m s-1 Number density

Daniel Kleppner (1,007 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Landhuis; S. C. Moss; T. J. Greytak; D. Kleppner (1998). "Cold Collision Frequency Shift of the 1S-2S Transition in Hydrogen". Physical Review Letters

Farley–Buneman instability (1,133 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ourselves to wavelengths longer than the Debye length. Second, the collision frequency between ions and background neutral particles is assumed to be much

Syndrome (1,752 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

2014-02-15. Kessler, Donald J.; Cour-Palais, Burton G. (1978). "Collision Frequency of Artificial Satellites: The Creation of a Debris Belt" (PDF). Journal

Brownian dynamics (868 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

{\displaystyle \zeta =\gamma M} , where γ {\displaystyle \gamma } is the collision frequency with the solvent, a damping constant in units of time − 1 {\displaystyle

Cascaded arc plasma source (271 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

at a relatively low electron temperature (~1 eV). Due to the high collision frequency of the particles in the source, the plasma is in thermal equilibrium

Boltzmann equation (4,961 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that the rate at which this occurs is proportional to the molecular collision frequency. The Boltzmann equation is therefore modified to the BGK form: ∂

Andersen thermostat (350 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

decorrelation of the particles. This effect grows with increasing collision frequency ν {\displaystyle \nu } . Andersen, H. C. (1980). "Molecular dynamics

Chemical kinetics (3,329 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Molecules at a higher temperature have more thermal energy. Although collision frequency is greater at higher temperatures, this alone contributes only a

Magnetopause (1,625 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

planet's magnetic field in a manner known as a geomagnetic storm. The collision frequency of particles in the plasma in the interplanetary medium is very low

Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (2,427 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

efficient as it occurs at atmospheric pressure, and thus has a high collision frequency. Additionally, APCI considerably reduces the thermal decomposition

Reaction rate constant (2,393 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

E/RT},} where P is the steric (or probability) factor and Z is the collision frequency, and ΔE is energy input required to overcome the activation barrier

Hall effect (3,777 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the electron gyrofrequency, Ωe, and the electron-heavy particle collision frequency, ν: β = Ω e ν = e B m e ν {\displaystyle \beta ={\frac {\Omega _{\mathrm

Pedersen current (1,562 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

concentration for a given species, ν i n {\displaystyle \nu _{in}} is the collision frequency between ion species i and other particles, ω i {\displaystyle \omega

Pressure reactor (760 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

including the liquid phase, and in turn increase concentration and collision frequency, and accelerate a reaction. Increase in temperature can speed up

Plasma (physics) (6,403 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

oscillations of the electrons) is much larger than the electron–neutral collision frequency. When this condition is valid, electrostatic interactions dominate

Coalescer (988 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

emulsions under turbulent-flow conditions. The turbulence increases the collision frequency between the water drops. The electrodes are insulated to prevent

CFD-DEM (1,089 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

clusters. The process of lumping particles together reduces the collision frequency, which directly influences the energy dissipation. To account for

Butler–Volmer equation (3,205 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

constants such that Af co = Ab cr is the "correctly oriented" O-R collision frequency, and the exponential term (Boltzmann factor) is the fraction of those

Oxidative phosphorylation (9,411 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Hackenbrock CR (1984). "Relationship between lateral diffusion, collision frequency, and electron transfer of mitochondrial inner membrane oxidation-reduction

Titanium biocompatibility (1,706 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

protein), and F is the Faraday constant in C⋅mol−1. The equation for collision frequency is as follows: v c = 2 π D c d N A {\displaystyle v_{\text{c}}={2\pi

Direct simulation Monte Carlo (1,895 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

process is repeated for every pair of colliding particles. From the collision frequency, f c o l l {\displaystyle f_{\mathrm {coll} }} , given by kinetic

Adiabatic invariant (3,423 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which the magnetic moment is not invariant: Magnetic pumping If the collision frequency is larger than the pump frequency, μ is no longer conserved. In particular

Space debris (17,318 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Bibcode:1971NASSP.267..595K.. Kessler, Donald; Cour-Palais, Burton (June 1978). "Collision Frequency of Artificial Satellites: The Creation of a Debris Belt" (PDF). Journal

Plasma activation (2,966 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mechanical binding of the adhesive. At the atmospheric pressure, the high collision frequency between the electrons and the gas molecules precludes the electrons

Magnetic reconnection (5,478 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

m}\mathbf {E} -\nu \mathbf {v} ,} where ν {\displaystyle \nu } is the collision frequency. Since in the steady state, d v / d t = 0 {\displaystyle d{\mathbf

Transmission electron microscopy (15,051 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the ground without generating an arc, and secondly to reduce the collision frequency of electrons with gas atoms to negligible levels—this effect is characterized

Terence James Elkins (2,738 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

absorption on HF radio waves using realistic electron density and collision frequency models". ITU Telecommunication Journal. 42: 476–488. Elkins, Terence

Implicit solvation (4,489 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

significantly (up to 100 times in some cases) by using much lower collision frequency γ {\displaystyle \gamma } . Recent work has also been done developing

Nuclear blackout (3,281 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

radio signal, and f c {\displaystyle f_{c}} is the electron-neutral collision frequency. The latter is a function of the density, and thus the altitude:

Glossary of aerospace engineering (24,139 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

TheAtlantic.com. Kessler, Donald J.; Cour-Palais, Burton G. (1978). "Collision Frequency of Artificial Satellites: The Creation of a Debris Belt". Journal

Dust astronomy (19,420 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

2006.05.009. Kessler, Donald J.; Cour-Palais, Burton G. (1978). "Collision Frequency of Artificial Satellites: The Creation of a Debris Belt". Journal