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Longer titles found: Byzantine army (Komnenian era) (view), Byzantine army (Palaiologan era) (view)

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forwards the Armenians were regarded as the main constituent of the Byzantine army. Procopius recounts that the scholarii, the palace guards of the emperor

Byzantines led by Andronikos IIl and an Ottoman army led by Orhan I. The Byzantine army was defeated, with no further attempt made at relieving the cities in

European Middle Ages, was one of the worst disasters ever to befall a Byzantine army, and conversely one of the greatest military successes of Bulgaria.

a Byzantine army besieging the city of Neopatras and the forces of John I Doukas, ruler of Thessaly. The battle was a rout for the Byzantine army, which

occurred on 27 July 1302, between an Ottoman army under Osman I and a Byzantine army under George Mouzalon. The battle ended in a crucial Ottoman victory

was defeated by the Venetians. On October 18, the Normans engaged a Byzantine army under Alexios I Komnenos outside Dyrrhachium. The battle began with

Pliska on 26 July 811, during which Krum of Bulgaria's forces routed the Byzantine army, killing and beheading Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I. Varbitsa municipality

the Bulgarian Emperor Simeon I delivered a devastating blow to the Byzantine army. More than 90,000 men perished in the battle, 70,000 of whom were Byzantines

663–664. Byzantine Empire portal Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University

relating to the Arab conquest of Syria, it is mentioned that the last Byzantine army the empire was able to set up in the region, took up position near "Jillin"

army, led by Krum of Bulgaria, had an army about half the size of the Byzantine army. The Bulgarian army was victorious, which lead to the dethroning of

supplies to make Manuel's march more difficult. Arslan harassed the Byzantine army in order to force it into the Meander valley, and specifically the mountain

chiefs. With no sign of the Byzantine army, he decided to return to Medina. Though Muhammad did not encounter a Byzantine army at Tabuk, according to the

and disorganized Byzantine army was restructured into a competent fighting force that became known as the Komnenian Byzantine army. Although the empire

The Battle of Ganja occurred in 1046 when a Byzantine army sent to the Caucasus by the Emperor Constantine IX under the command of Liparit fought against

de Flor, assassinated with his entourage in April 1305. In July, the Byzantine army, comprising a large contingent of Alans as well as many Turcopoles,

course of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars. The Seljuk forces attacked the Byzantine army a number of times to no effect; having suffered losses to his army in

winter of 541, was an engagement during the Gothic War (535–554). The Byzantine army almost took the city after taking over the city gate with the assistance

Panormus (modern Palermo) in late 535, during the Gothic War (535–554). A Byzantine army of 7,500–9,000 and a fleet, both under the command of general Belisarius

Emperor John II Komnenos (r. 1118–1143) in what is now Bulgaria. The Byzantine army won the battle, resulting in the disappearance of the Pechenegs as a

late 1277 at the plain of Pharsalus in Thessaly between an invading Byzantine army led by the megas stratopedarches John Synadenos and megas konostaulos

which in the previous year had penetrated south into Greece, and a Byzantine army under the command of general Nikephoros Ouranos. The Byzantine victory

between the Byzantine army, led by Emperor Heraclius, and the Persian general Shahrbaraz. After a series of maneuvers, the Byzantine army under Heraclius

The Battle of Demetritzes in 1185 was fought between the Byzantine army and the Normans of the Kingdom of Sicily, who had recently sacked and captured

possible but unlikely that Belisarius was not the overall commander of the Byzantine army, but a junior partner. Lee, A. D. (15 January 2013). From Rome to Byzantium

command of general Belisarius. Though substantially outnumbered, the Byzantine army decisively won the battle and forced the Kutrigurs to withdraw in bad

Palaiologos (r. 1259–1282), who served as the commander-in-chief of the Byzantine army. He played a prominent part in his brother's military campaigns, most

between a Bulgarian army under the command of the voivode Ivats and a Byzantine army led by the strategos George Gonitsiates. It was one of the last open

and the First Bulgarian Empire. The result was an annihilation of the Byzantine army which determined the Bulgarian victory in the trade war of 894–896.

Their panic however was caught by the latter as well, and the entire Byzantine army dispersed in disorder. The Goths took many captives, who were treated

city, and Bizye. In June 922 they engaged and defeated yet another Byzantine army at Constantinople, confirming the Bulgarian domination of the Balkans

The Battle of Arcadiopolis was fought in 970 between a Byzantine army under Bardas Skleros and a Rus' army, the latter also including allied Bulgarian

Byzantines and the Seljuks in 1071 they served in the right flank of the Byzantine army. However, according to some accounts they switched sides and contributed

battle by the rebels, and after a day-long fight the rebels defeated the Byzantine army and captured Boioannes. The decisive rebel victory forced the Byzantines

Burgas Province, south-eastern Bulgaria. Ivailo of Bulgaria attacked the Byzantine army sent to help his rival for the crown Ivan Asen III. In 1277 in a popular

but a lone Kurdish rider managed to kill Dalassenos, throwing the Byzantine army into panic. The fleeing Byzantines were then pursued, with much loss

crusading army across the narrow strait, where Alexios III had lined up the Byzantine army in battle formation along the shore, north of the suburb of Galata.

"One of the two — which is the subject of varying report — summoned a Byzantine army, which duly arrived in southern Spain in 552." Heather understands Isidore's

invaded the Byzantine Empire in the Levant and decisively defeated a Byzantine army at the Battle of Ajnadayn. The Muslim armies marched north and laid

სვინდაქსის ბრძოლა) was fought during the spring of 1022 between the Byzantine army of Emperor Basil II and the Georgian army of King George I. The battle

was a Berber king of the Mauro-Roman Kingdom. Garmul, who destroyed a Byzantine army in 571, launched raids into Byzantine territory, and three successive

well on his way. Despite the garrison being overwhelmed by the larger Byzantine army, they suffered only 150 casualties as they quickly retreated to the

movement towards Alexandria – but scouts reported the approach of the Byzantine army. At that point the united Arab army was confronted by a Roman army,

fought against the Byzantine army which tried to recapture the Caria region. Mesut was able to defend his territory. After Byzantine army returned, he began

movement towards Alexandria – but scouts reported the approach of the Byzantine army. At that point the united Arab army was confronted by a Roman army,

the Byzantine army at Phasis (Poti). Misimian rebels fortified themselves in the fortress of Tsakhar, but they were defeated by the Byzantine army. The

starting the Battle of Pliska on 26 July 811, wherein much of the Byzantine army was destroyed, and Nikephoros was slain. Carried back to Constantinople

1047 to 1057, the Shaddadids were engaged in several wars against the Byzantine army. The area between the rivers Kura and Aras was ruled by a Shaddadid

doing too much damage with his local militia levies until the larger Byzantine army under John Kourkouas came and drove the Rus' out. In 945 he was appointed

thousand. It is certain that these figures are greatly inflated, and the Byzantine army must have numbered a few thousand at most. Either way, it considerably

reasons: his inability as a commander, the deplorable state of the Byzantine army or just simply bad luck. His premature death at age 43 was attributed

of Bulgaria, Nikephoros Karantenos. In the battle that followed the Byzantine army was completely defeated. Dalassenos and other Byzantine commanders were

the Eastern Roman Empire under Belisarius during the Gothic War. The Byzantine army under Belisarius, having subdued Sicily with ease, landed on mainland

proved to be a successful general inflicting a major defeat on the Byzantine army, commanded by Basil II at the Gates of Trajan and retaking north-eastern

Palaiologos sent a large army to subdue her recalcitrant father. The Byzantine army besieged John's capital of Neopatras, but he managed to flee and seek

this venture. Thinking the defenders would be terrified on seeing the Byzantine army, Belisarius sent envoys offering the garrison a chance to surrender

of Laconia. Battle of Prinitza: Constantine Palaiologos marches the Byzantine army up the rivers Eurotas and Alfeios towards the Achaean capital, Andravida

point thereafter, he scored a success against a numerically superior Byzantine army that was raiding the Principality. After that, he left the Morea. Nicholas

instead headed west and passed through the Rishki Pass to Preslav. The Byzantine army next marched westwards to besiege the capital at Tarnovo. At the same

rooted in the settlement of a division of former soldiers from the Byzantine army in the Middle Ages or previously. The village is laid out on a network

defeated, captured and blinded (as per Byzantine tradition). In 917, a Byzantine army led by Leo Phokas invaded Bulgaria but was decisively defeated at the

to Byzantium in 1167/1168. Stefan Nemanja defeated Tihomir and his Byzantine army. Tihomir drowned in a river and the other brothers were stripped of

the Byzantine army came from three different sources: "allied" contingents from Bagratid Armenia, soldiers regularly recruited by the Byzantine army, as

(1014–1015) and Ivan Vladislav (1015–1018). In 1015, he defeated a Byzantine army in the battle of Bitola and stopped the disastrous campaign of Basil

a part of the greater Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 913–927. After the Byzantine army was annihilated by the Bulgarians in the battle of Achelous, the Byzantine

northern Syria. In mid-960, taking advantage of the absence of much of the Byzantine army on campaign against the Emirate of Crete, the Hamdanid prince launched

John Mystacon and Narses. During the summer of 591, Khosrow and the Byzantine army marched to Azerbaijan where they were to be joined by an army of 12

defeating – possibly with the help of local South Slavic tribes – the Byzantine army led by Constantine IV. During the 9th and 10th century, Bulgaria at

calendar) of the Julian calendar. August 26 – Battle of Manzikert: The Byzantine army (35,000 men) under Emperor Romanos IV meets the Seljuk Turk forces of

vestiarites and chartoularios. In July 1167, he led the right division of the Byzantine army at the Battle of Sirmium, a decisive victory over the Hungarian Kingdom

000 and that of the cavalry to be 30,000. He argues that the combined Byzantine army must have been superior in numbers, but the fact that Belisarius was

c. 590 to 627. He was killed after Siege of Tbilisi by the invading Byzantine army. The son and successor of Guaram I of Iberia, Stephen reversed his father’s

usually in arthropod anatomy Tagma (military), a subdivision of the Byzantine army Tagma (τάγμα), the Modern Greek term for an order (honour) Moha Tagma

Vojislav waged a series of successful attacks aimed at independence. The Byzantine army, led by the dux Michael, moved towards Duklja in order to suppress the

Aleppo. In the next year, 949/950, he led an expedition against the Byzantine army that raided the environs of Antioch, but was defeated with heavy loss

defeated the Byzantine Army led by the governor of Durazzo, sent by Alexius Comnenus. In 1093, Alexius himself led a larger Byzantine Army and marched

to Joannicius's influence and prophecies. Joannicius served in the Byzantine army in his early years before devoting his life to ascetic study and monastic

chronicles, a word "of the country", as by the year 600, the bulk of the Byzantine army was raised from barbarian mercenaries and the Romanic population of

ninety-two dromons. Once the fleet arrived safely in North Africa, the Byzantine army disembarked and marched up the coast to Carthage, the Vandal capital

The Byzantine army conquered Zemun and Srem in 1165. The Byzantines were accompanied by the obligatory detachments of Serbs. The second Byzantine army under

where he discovered that the rumour was false, but in his absence, the Byzantine army in Crete was routed by the Arabs. In 844, according to Byzantine sources

Vandalic War in 533. John the Armenian was the linchpin general of the Byzantine army during the Vandalic war. John the Armenian lived the last few years

Herodian was an officer in the Byzantine army during the rule of Justinian I. He served under Belisarius during the Gothic War, remaining in Italy after

mercenaries). Along with the megas stratopedarches John Synadenos, he led a Byzantine army against John I Doukas of Thessaly, but was defeated in the Battle of

of his army remained behind to carefully prepare an ambush for the Byzantine army. As the Bulgarian raiding party approached Thessalonica, Gregory Taronites

the Hungarian army to battle. During the early summer of 1167, the Byzantine army under Andronikos Kontostephanos managed to bring a large Hungarian force

ethnic groups of the eastern Byzantine provinces, and the decline of the Byzantine army. After the conquest of territories in present-day Iran by the Seljuq

several children more. He is mentioned as fighting in the ranks of the Byzantine army against the troops of Charles of Anjou in the Siege of Berat, as well

furious and sent general George Probatas to tackle Vojislav, but the Byzantine army, unfamiliar with the terrain, was ambushed in the gorges and totally

1970, with a thesis on "Arms, armour and tactical organisation of the Byzantine army from Maurice to Basil II", and his master's degree from the Ludwig Maximilian

Kypsella (now İpsala) in Thrace. They asked to be added to the roll of the Byzantine army and to be granted land near Haemus to provide the monetary income needed

arrived at the area to the east of Jordan and learned of the size of the Byzantine army, they wanted to wait and send for reinforcements from Medina. 'Abdullah

and was present at the latter's fall in November 536. From there the Byzantine army advanced on Rome, which it captured without a fight. Belisarius sent

kingdom; for while Tzazo was away with the bulk of the Vandal forces, a Byzantine army commanded by Belisarius landed unopposed near Caputvada with the intention

by Count Geoffrey of Taranto, and in the next year, at the head of a Byzantine army he landed in Apulia and took Bari, Taranto and Castellaneta from the

horse." Haldon, John F. (1979). Recruitment and Conscription in the Byzantine Army c.550-950. A Study on the Origins of the Stratiotika Ktemata. Verlag

policy of territorial expansion. In 807 Bulgarian forces defeated the Byzantine army in the Struma valley. In 809 Krum besieged and forced the surrender

the name Peter and adopting the insignia used only by emperors. The Byzantine army defeated the rebels, forcing Theodor-Peter and Asen to flee to the Cumans

who became allies of the Cometopuli and submitted to their rule. The Byzantine army was defeated and retreated to Crimea. Any Bulgarian nobles and officials

thousand men, occupied the hills around the city, while the bulk of the Byzantine army remained with Dorotheus inside the walls. On the next day, the Persians

(modern Muşali Kalesı) in the theme of Charsianon, with the shadowing Byzantine army making their camp at nearby Siboron (Σίβορον, modern Karamağara) to

Myriokephalon, where he served as a commander of a division of the Byzantine army. He fell, having been isolated from his own troops, fighting alone against

Articles 111 & 120 Bartusis, M.C., The Late Byzantine Army (1997), p. 49 Bartusis, M.C., The Late Byzantine Army (1997), pp. 49–50 Hooper, N. & Bennett, M

by that point retreated to Martyropolis, moving against an advancing Byzantine army led by Nikephoros II Phokas. On October 29, 965, a rebel force led by

marching to their station, the Pechenegs ambushed and destroyed the Byzantine army. Surviving troops, led by Nikephoros, escaped. They traveled for 12

directly to Constantinople. He was met in Thrace by a hastily assembled Byzantine army, but annihilated the Byzantine forces in the Battle of Bulgarophygon

000 men) at Pegai, and marches eastwards to the Rhyndacus River. The Byzantine army (much larger in force overall) under Theodore I prepare an ambush, but

as the commander-in-chief of the expedition. Phokas mobilized the Byzantine army of Asia Minor, and assembled a large force south of Ephesus. This expedition

Thessalonica. Along with his cousin, the despotes John Palaiologos, he led a Byzantine army against John I Doukas of Thessaly, but was defeated and killed in the

Mecca-based rival caliph Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr). In 692/3, he defeated a Byzantine army in the Battle of Sebastopolis, by persuading the large Slavic contingent

left bank. In spite of the presence of the Avar army, however, the Byzantine army crossed on rafts and pitched a camp on the left side, while the two

Byzantine title Domestic of the Schools, commander-in-chief of the Byzantine army in the 9th-11th centuries Domestic (film), a 2012 Romanian comedy film

under the leadership of Yuhanna Marūn, against a contingent of the Byzantine army, which was defeated and the Marūn adherents returned to their mountainous

ISBN 978-0-521-43991-6. Bartusis, Mark C. (1 January 1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204-1453. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 83

companion (or one pretending to be him). Ashtat soon managed to rout a Byzantine army at Phasiane and then harassed them as far as Satala. He then marched

king (shah) Hormizd IV (r. 579–590). He was defeated and killed by a Byzantine army led by Germanus at the battle of Martyropolis. Martindale, John R.,

campaign. The Hungarian army, commanded by the palatine Denis, met the Byzantine army near Zemun on the feast day of St. Procopius, 8 July 1167. As the battle

executed by Alan mercenaries, who at that time are enlisted in the Byzantine army. The murder of the commander of the Catalan Company does not have the

uncertain date, credited with the authorship of a short treatise on the Byzantine army. The nomen Orbicius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from other

uncoordinated and confused: Sayf al-Dawla moved to Azaz to confront the Byzantine army, but then retreated without doing so, while his lieutenant Naja moved

Turks. In 1046, he was sent with an army by Tughril to force back the Byzantine army at Ganja and was victorious. He supported a rebellion against Tughril

Aquileia. 447 Battle of the Utus: The Huns under Attila defeated a Byzantine army in a bloody battle near the Utus. 450 28 July Theodosius the Younger

Mundus died however and his army retreated but so did the Goths. As the Byzantine army was reforming under Constantinianus Gripas led a Gothic force to Salona

when he was placed, along with general Theodorus, in command of the Byzantine army of Armenia. Probably late in the same year, or in 575, they invaded

drove the Seljuk Turks back from these lands. Further offensives by the Byzantine army drove the Turks back across the Euphrates. Despite this, the Seljuk

signed, once again forcing Stephen III to renounce Béla's duchy. A Byzantine army occupied Syrmium, which was organized into a Byzantine theme, or district

Rascian forces had joined, siding with Byzantium. In the presence of the Byzantine army, George and his forces withdrew to his fortress, Oblon. However, his

manage to ferry them across the Danube. In the same time the whole Byzantine army was destroyed in the battle of Achelous by the Bulgarians under Emperor

for laxative biscuits..." Dalby 1996, p. 196: "The basic food of the Byzantine army was cereal, in several convenient forms. Of great importance was the

the last Emir of Crete, who converted to Christianity and joined the Byzantine army. Four Anemas brothers took part in a conspiracy against Alexios I Komnenos

Quindici. On 8 May 663 AD the town was the scene of a battle between the Byzantine army of Constans II and the Lombard army of Romuald I of Benevento, son of

themselves, but Troglita rejected their terms and imprisoned them. The Byzantine army marched into Byzacena, relieved the beleaguered cities, and joined up

Constantine to oppose them. Due to an ill-advised attack by a part of the Byzantine army, which left their fortified encampment to charge the Pechenegs on open

bravest of Romans would face him in combat. After some fighting, the Byzantine army broke contact and withdrew into the fort. At this time, Khalid was fighting

the uncle of Melik Zünnun. After Alp Arslan of Seljukids defeated the Byzantine army in the battle of Manzikert in 1071, a series of Turkmen beyliks (principalities)

in Constantinople, Anemas converted to Christianity and joined the Byzantine army as a member of the imperial bodyguard. When the emperor John I Tzimiskes

Makrembolitissa, Byzantine Emperor between 1068 and 1071. Diogenes led the Byzantine army for the pivotal defeat at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. Norwich 1993

Byzantine governor and captured a number of supply ships destined for the Byzantine army in Italy, before returning with his men to Italy. Indulf reappears in

through the themes of Thrakesion and Opsikion and reached up to the great Byzantine army base of Malagina in Bithynia. He was unable, however, to stop a retaliatory

serfdom. This in turn undermined the traditional recruiting base of the Byzantine army. The combination of a reduced tax base and fewer native-born troops

posted to a border fortress near Adana. In late December 878, however, a Byzantine army, 30,000 strong according to al-Tabari, invaded the area. Urkhuz and

the governor of Thessaly, Michael Monomachos, as the vanguard of the Byzantine army into Epirus. The emperor himself and Kantakouzenos followed in spring

also adopted by the Persians as soon as they came into view of the Byzantine army. On the Persian side, the right division was under Mebodes, the centre

kingdom in Africa in 533–534. In 536, a military mutiny broke out in the Byzantine army in Africa against its leader, Solomon. The rebels chose Stotzas to lead

river crossing is one of the most demanding of military operations. The Byzantine army must have been very disciplined and well supported by archers and bolt-firing

beginning of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591, in late 572, a small Byzantine army of 3000 infantrymen were dispatched by Marcian, magister militum per

the Venetian chronicler Marino Sanudo, Licario himself served in the Byzantine army in Asia Minor, where he scored a victory against the Turks. In 1276

the primary sources are divided. Even the name of the general of the Byzantine army is disputed. Although Jordanes wrote that the Patrician Liberius was

taken by the emir of Menteshe. In spring 1281, Tarchaneiotes led the Byzantine army that was sent to relieve the city of Bellegrada (Berat) in Albania,

under Alexios I Komnenos and his Cuman allies. On August 26, 1071, a Byzantine army under Romanos IV Diogenes was defeated by the Seljuk Turks at Manzikert

the death of general Mundus. In the dissension that broke out in the Byzantine army between Belisarius and Narses, Justin sided with the latter, and accompanied

Tarnovo and requested the assistance of the Byzantines. However, the Byzantine army mutinied on its way and thus let Asen's brother Peter claim the throne

taken from the Greek aláyi(on) αλάγιον "independent cavalry unit in the Byzantine army (10th century)". The Greek word(aláyi) is taken from the Latin "alae"

proclaiming himself emperor at Didymoteicho. He still controlled part of the Byzantine army, and his claim to the throne began a civil war that lasted until 1347

Saltukids in the 12th century. After Alp Arslan of Seljukids defeated the Byzantine army in the battle of Manzikert in 1071, a series of Turkmen beyliks (kingdoms)

Togan Arslan became the bey. After Alp Arslan of Seljukids defeated Byzantine army in the battle of Manzikert in 1071, a series of Turkmen beyliks (principalities)

Byzantine army of 6,000 cavalry and even more infantry under the Emperor's son Prince Michael. The Catalan forces lined up in front of the Byzantine army

Erdoğan) and Kete (modern village of Ürünlü). In the spring of 1303, the Byzantine army gathered in Bursa and advanced to Yenişehir, the capital of the Ottoman

campaign against Gümüshtigin's son and successor Melik Mehmed. The Byzantine army advanced to Mehmed's residence at Neocaesarea and laid siege to it.

Hamdanids, turned round and attacked the Byzantine force in the rear. The Byzantine army panicked and fled, losing some 5,000 men in the process. Shortly after

July. He soon after abandoned the siege upon the approach of a large Byzantine army. After being reinforced by the remainder of the Muslim armies in Syria

Byzantine invasion and met the enemy near Adrianople in Thrace. The Byzantine army was defeated and turned to flight. In 792 Constantine VI led another

was sacked by the Avars but at once retaken by the Byzantines. The Byzantine army was quartered there in 596 before crossing the Danube to assault the

confronting the Germans, and by their presence provoke an attack. The Byzantine army was smaller than that of the crusaders but, as the contemporary Byzantine

Moesia, the Bulgarians launched attacks in northern Thrace while the Byzantine army was fighting with the Normans, who had attacked Byzantine possessions

katepano's seat again at Bari. The Varangian Guard fought as part of the Byzantine army in several campaigns in the area, known to them as Langbardland; in

History Society. pp. 5–10. JSTOR 27729435. Bartusis, Marc C. The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997

camp, he fell into an ambush by Turkish mercenaries serving in the Byzantine army. The Turks attacked the small troop, killed Sully's horse, scattered

pp. 160–161. ISBN 0-19-504652-8. Bartusis, Mark C. (1997), The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204-1453, University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 382

generals were heavily defeated at the Battle of Arcadiopolis: most of the Byzantine army, along with Vatatzes, fell, while Gidos managed to escape only with

meeting them. While Rufinus remained at Hierapolis, Hermogenes joined the Byzantine army commanded by Belisarius, newly promoted to magister militum per Orientem

died, the city nobles opened the gates of Tărnovo to the besieging Byzantine army and accepted Ivan Asen III as emperor in February 1279. Michael was

served as a low-ranking officer under Emperor Maurice. In 602, the Byzantine army rebelled against Emperor Maurice, largely due to exhaustion and outrage

died, the city nobles opened the gates of Tărnovo to the besieging Byzantine army and accepted Ivan Asen III as emperor in February 1279. Michael was

location called Mammes. Solomon attacked them there and defeated them. The Byzantine army returned to Carthage, but there news came that the Berbers, reinforced

damaged by the Gothic commander Usdrila to prevent the passage of Narses' Byzantine army; it was damaged again during Pandolfo IV's retreat from Rimini in 1528

This battle was the beginning of the end of the domination by the Byzantine Army General Belisarius, on September 13, 523 AD. As Tunisia was a French

ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA. Retrieved 22 November 2016. Bartusis, Mark C., The late Byzantine army: arms and society, 1204-1453, (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992)

of an emirate which had long been a thorn in Byzantium's side. The Byzantine army successfully stormed the lower city, and although the citadel held out

(Grotowski 2010:400) Melina Paissidou, "Warrior Saints as Protectors of the Byzantine Army in the Palaiologan Period: the Case of the Rock-cut Hermitage in Kolchida

approaching from different angles. Deceived into believing the size of the Byzantine army was much larger han it actually was, the Goths lifted their siege on

likely exaggerated as many of these tribesmen would later serve in the Byzantine army. The castle of Pagrae was erected c. 965 by the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros

Andronikos III Palaiologos had no choice but to accept the fight. The Byzantine army consisted of 16 squads and six of them made up the first column. The

renewed invasion of Byzantine territory. John Tzimiskes, commanding the Byzantine army, managed to counter by his own invasion of Cilicia, managing to secure

restoration of the Byzantine Empire during that century created a new kind of Byzantine army, which is known as the Komnenian army. Yet it seems that the cataphract

 1143–1180) with pushing back the Seljuk Turks, who had encircled the Byzantine army and were raining arrows upon it, but after a charge against them he

territory (as the Slavs had long been pillaging the Byzantine Empire). The Byzantine army arrived at the Slavic camp at midnight, surprising the Slavs, who fled

and subsequently emperor of Bulgaria Ivailo defeated a 10,000-strong Byzantine army near the city in 1279. During the Second Bulgarian Empire it was the

possible that he had been appointed as general or plenipotentiary over the Byzantine army, or that he held the post of comes Obsequii. In the event, however,

gave in to rumours that their emperor had fled. With segments of the Byzantine army starting to desert, the Bulgars and their allies broke through the blockade

took place near Anchialus. Simeon I of Bulgaria defeated a larger Byzantine army under Leo Phokas the Elder. This disambiguation page lists articles

: 290  When Cuman invaders came and looted eastern Thrace in 1199, a Byzantine army was dispatched from Bizye to repel them.: 289  They were at first successful

Melus of Bari and his Norman mercenaries are decisively defeated by the Byzantine army, led by the Catepan Basil Boioannes. October 1 – Battle of Carham: King

820s by Andalusian exiles. The expedition at first went well, as the Byzantine army landed and took control over most of the island, confining the Andalusians

protectorate, in 981, ended in failure due to lack of outside support, when a Byzantine army appeared before Aleppo's walls to enforce compliance. The Fatimids then

his son Theodore Svetoslav, already emperor of Bulgaria, defeated a Byzantine army and captured thirteen high-ranking officers, whom he exchanged for his

all of Iraq. However, circumstances changed on the western front. The Byzantine army soon came into direct conflict in Syria and Palestine, and Khalid was

foundation of Normandy. 917: (20 August 917) the Bulgarians destroyed the Byzantine army in the Battle of Anchialus, one of the bloodiest battles in the Middle

the victory to Saint Theodore Stratelates, who purportedly led the Byzantine army under the walls of Dorostolon. Romane, p. 55 J. Haldon, The Byzantine

Andronikos Kontostephanos was appointed commander of a fleet carrying a Byzantine army to invade Egypt in alliance with the forces of Amalric. The campaign

to as symmachoi. At the Battle of Taginae, a large contingent of the Byzantine army was made up of Lombards, Gepids and Bulgars. In the east, foederati

his army moved from Rome to Apulia to engage the Normans in battle, a Byzantine army personally led by Argyrus moved from Apulia with the same plan, catching

to be an incapable general: when he reached the city he attacked the Byzantine army with his tired troops. The Bulgarians could not fight effectively and

pockets of the local elites. Consequently, within a short time the Byzantine army disintegrated, especially as the numerous mercenaries deserted it for

who first came to prominence during a campaign in 1030–1031 when the Byzantine army was defeated at Aleppo, but went on to capture Edessa from the Arabs

to the town. The Bahra' were among the Arab federate tribes in the Byzantine army at the Battle of Mu'ta in 629 in which the latter defeated the newly

Michael Shishman marched south against Andronikos III, while another Byzantine army led by Andronikos III himself was besieging Philippopolis (Plovdiv)

intention of rendering the Arabs' campaign objective void and keeping the Byzantine army undivided, Theophilos decided to reinforce the city's garrison, with

lands with a Sicilian expeditionary force in Apulia. He defeats the Byzantine army at Brindisi and recaptures Bari. June 9 – Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa)

larger Byzantine army. 542 Battle of Faventia Ostrogoths under Totila defeat Byzantine army. Battle of Mucellium Ostrogoths defeat Byzantine army. 543 Battle

lands with a Sicilian expeditionary force in Apulia. He defeats the Byzantine army at Brindisi and recaptures Bari. June 9 – Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa)

by Norman mercenaries at Capua. He marches into Apulia to catch the Byzantine army off-guard. Melus defeats the Byzantines on the banks of the Fortore

for Michael VIII; however, he sent help to the besieged garrison. The Byzantine army which also included Turkish mercenaries arrived near Berat in March

Constantina, but withdrew when they received word of the approach of the Byzantine army under Justinian. Following these reversals, later in the same year,

rebel's heartlands around Tarnovo. In the late autumn of 1186, the Byzantine army marched northwards through Sredets (Sofia). The campaign was planned

where the Byzantine army invaded the island of Crete which was held by the Arabs. The expedition ended in fiasco for the Byzantine army. In 949, the

surrounding the battlefield. Due to the rugged terrain the advancing Byzantine army broke its order. Taking advantage of that mistake, Kardam ordered a

calendar) of the Julian calendar. September 3 – Battle of Lalakaon: A Byzantine army confronts an invasion by Muslim forces, led by Umar al-Aqta, Emir of

Anglo-Saxon kings (according to the Historia Brittonum). Battle of Marta: The Byzantine army under John Troglita is defeated by Moorish tribes in Tripolitania. He

spend time in upgrading the arms, armour, or tactics of the once-feared Byzantine army. The first military operations of Romanos did achieve a measure of success

side and were immediately shipped off to Italy to fight alongside the Byzantine army in the ongoing Gothic War. The sweltering heat of Mesopotamia caused

the Byzantine army invaded the island of Crete to recapture it, which was held by the Arabs. The expedition ended in failure for the Byzantine army. After

1319 it was ruled by Count Mentul Muzaka. After its capture by the Byzantine army, the Albanian population rebelled against Byzantine rule in 1335 and

whom Konstantios was fighting, was separated from the core body of the Byzantine army and massacred. Konstantios himself perished in the combat. Due to the

1972, p. 357. Bartusis 1997, p. 68. Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University

fleets that had arrived with new provisions and equipment, while a Byzantine army defeated Arab reinforcements in Bithynia. Finally, in early summer the

pp. 296–299. ISBN 3-430-17163-6. Bartusis, Mark C. (1992). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204-1453. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 67–85

son-in-law Baduarius as magister militum (field commander) to lead a Byzantine army against Alboin in support of Cunimund, ending in the Lombards' complete

Turkey). On his way back, he crosses the Euphrates and intercepts a Byzantine army led by Bardas Phokas (the Elder), near Marash. The Byzantines are defeated;

p. 240. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0. Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453, pp. 40–41. University of Pennsylvania

however, rejected the offer. At the head of an army, Mushegh joined the Byzantine army and defeated the army of Bahram Chobin in Battle of Blarathon near Ganzak

tribal fighters led by the Ghassanid chief Jabala ibn al-Ayham in the Byzantine army at the Battle of Yarmouk in 636. Groups of the Lakhm were also counted

Date 553 AD Location Telephis and Ollaria, Lazica, Byzantine Empire Result Sasanian victory The Byzantine army is driven westward to Nesos

Anatolian Seljuk sultan Malik Shah led an unsuccessful attack on a Byzantine army under Alexios I Komnenos before ultimately negotiating peace on the

two battling parties to respect the boundaries of its country. The Byzantine army began to march across the plain of Mush, thinking to strike the decisive

rallied around Vahram Pahlavuni and resisted three assaults of the Byzantine Army over the Kingdom of Ani, compelling the imperial forces to retreat.

Theodore Synadenos, prisoner. Consequently, in late 1339 or early 1340, a Byzantine army under Monomachos and John Angelos advanced against the rebels, followed

returned to Hungary accompanied by a Byzantine army under the command of Alexios Kontostephanos. The Byzantine army marched as far as Haram (now Ram, Serbia)

victory, the Simeon stopped the negotiations and in the summer of 896 the Byzantine army was routed at Boulgarophygon. When the Hungarians arrived to settle

preceded by hit-and-run attacks of Seljuk cavalry, which threw the Byzantine army into confusion and proved fatal once it started to retreat. Similarly

rebel forces, led by William I, are again victorious, and defeat a Byzantine army (18,000 men) on a hill named Montemaggiore, near the River Ofanto. September

appointed to command in mid 551. The following spring Narses led this Byzantine army around the coast of the Adriatic as far as Ancona, and then turned inland

decades; into the Arab frontier district (thughur) in Cilicia. The Byzantine army raided and took prisoners as it went, even capturing the major Abbasid

appointed to command in mid 551. The following spring Narses led this Byzantine army around the coast of the Adriatic as far as Ancona, and then turned inland

PLP, 16621. Μανδρομηνὸς Ἀντώνιος. Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204-1453. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1620-2

retreated to the north but in the next year reappeared and defeated a Byzantine army under the sebastokrator Isaac near the town. In the course of the battle

where they were welcomed by Emperor Theophilos, and they joined the Byzantine army under their Iranian leader, Theophobos. Al-Maqdisi mentions several

fleet of 73 ships, led by Philanthropenos, to harass their coasts. The Byzantine army, however, was defeated at the Battle of Neopatras with the aid of troops

leads his army against Aleppo, against the advice of his generals. The Byzantine army encamps near Azaz, where they are encircled by the Mirdasids' Bedouin

stormed into Sirmium once more in spring 1166. The Hungarians routed a Byzantine army, and occupied the whole province with the exception of Zimony. Emperor

Aleppo (modern Syria), but are repulsed through the intervention of the Byzantine army. Bardas Phokas (the Younger) sacks the city, while Bakjur flees to Fatimid

full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Spring – Battle of Svindax: The Byzantine army under Emperor Basil II defeats the Georgians at Svindax (modern Turkey)

will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Spring – The Byzantine army, led by General Melias (Domestic of the Schools in the East), continues

the Julian calendar. Spring – Emperor Michael VII (Doukas) sends a Byzantine army to deal with Seljuk raiding in Cappadocia, supported with a mixed force

being chosen as king of Svealand. August 26 – Battle of Manzikert: The Byzantine army (35,000 men) under Emperor Romanos IV meets the Seljuk Turk forces of

and linen textiles. Here Totila and an Ostrogothic army defeated the Byzantine army in Italy in the Battle of Faventia in 542 CE. After a period of decadence

Seljuks. This power was quickly consolidated after the Serbs defeated a Byzantine army sent to pacify them in 1092 and obtained recognition from Alexios in

September 11 – Yazaman al-Khadim, Abbasid governor of Tarsus, routs a Byzantine army under general Kesta Styppiotes, in a night attack. According to Arab

captured Theodosiopolis (present-day Erzurum, Turkey) and defeated a Byzantine army, reinforced with Khazar and Alan troops, on the Euphrates. He then turned

570 Birth of the Islamic prophet Muhammad 507 Battle of Vouillé 535 Byzantine army invades Italy 585 Visigoths conquer Suevi kingdom     Africa Americas

 255ff; Nicol 1993, pp. 50–51, 117. Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University

1993, p. 35. Nicol 1993, pp. 36–37. Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1620-2

overthrew Tihomir, who fled to the Byzantines with his brothers. A Byzantine army was assembled for the Byzantine ally Tihomir, who came in from Skopje

and Hungarian envoys signed a new peace treaty. In the same year, a Byzantine army expelled Géza II's ally, Desa, from Serbia and restored Uroš II who

Pamela Walker, (Pindar Press, 2006), 237. Mark C. Bartusis, The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204-1453, (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997)

VII Doukas. In 1071 Andronikos was the commander of a section of the Byzantine army in the campaign of Romanos IV Diogenes against the Seljuk Turks of Alp

happened in late 845 or early 846 between the Aghlabid army and the Byzantine army at Butera, south of Sicily. The Aghlabids achieved a resounding success

by the Byzantine army in the spring of 536. Iaudas reappears in the sources in 537 when he joined Stotzas, the leader of a major Byzantine army mutiny

Mahmud ibn Nasr's army, which was attacking Baalbek. Atiyya and the Byzantine army of Antioch subsequently raided Ma'arrat Misrin, burned its outskirts

seize the town, but, in the meantime, Skopje was besieged by a large Byzantine army. Voyteh, who thought that he was unprepared to face a long siege or

Hamdanids with his forces and attacks the Byzantine force in the rear. The Byzantine army panics and flees, losing some 5,000 men in the process. June 23 – Viking

 370–371. Bartusis 1997, p. 382. Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University

hands of the Ghassanids, vassals of the Byzantines. In the same year, a Byzantine army ravaged Garamig ud Nodardashiragan, reaching as far as Media. Around

force in Trapani, and proceeds to Palermo. He crushes the reinforced Byzantine army at Giardini. August 1 – Taormina, the last Byzantine stronghold in Sicily

retreat, drawing the Turks far out beyond the town. The rest of the Byzantine army had lain hidden in the thick undergrowth and assaulted the undefended

region shortly after the 1071 disaster inflicted by the Seljuks on the Byzantine army at Manzikert. On this occasion, George was bestowed with the Byzantine

Syracuse: Muslim forces under Asad ibn al-Furat, in support of the rebel Byzantine army, besiege Syracuse, Sicily. Summer – Omurtag, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian

rejected both bribes and threats from the Byzantines, and for 55 days, the Byzantine army under Emperor Basil II remained encamped at Deabolis nearby, waiting

Avars lift the siege of the fortress city of Tomis (modern Romania). A Byzantine army under Comentiolus crosses the Balkan Mountains, and marches along the

son of John Axouch, the megas domestikos (commander-in-chief of the Byzantine army), who was a close friend of John II. Alexios Axuch served as Duke of

themselves, but Troglita rejected their terms and imprisoned them. The Byzantine army marched into Byzacena, relieved the beleaguered cities, and joined up

holding the office of megas domestikos, commander-in-chief of the Byzantine army. The relationship between the two remained close, and in 1330, when

Skleros, and to the eunuch general Peter Phokas, who begin to gather a Byzantine army in Thrace. At the news of this, a powerful Kievan expeditionary force

water supplies, to make Manuel's march more difficult, and harass the Byzantine army, in order to force it into the Meander Valley. Kilij Arslan II, ruler

emperor Heraclius, launches an overland invasion in Egypt. He defeats a Byzantine army under Bonus (comes Orientis) outside Alexandria, sent from Constantinople

Siege of Rometta: Nikephoros II sends an expedition to Sicily. The Byzantine army (40,000 men) is sent to break the Muslim siege at Rometta, and to regain

controlled the north-central regions in Anatolia. The defeat of the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and the subsequent civil war allowed the

Michael Asen II, who unsuccessfully tried to advance into Bulgaria with a Byzantine army in about 1302. Theodore Svetoslav exchanged thirteen high-ranking Byzantine

Battle of Serres: Bulgarian forces under Tsar Ivan Asen I defeat the Byzantine army near Serres. During the winter Ivan continues his campaign in Central

storm, with the population killed or enslaved; the city is razed. The Byzantine army takes possession of 390,000 silver dinars, 2,000 camels and 1,400 mules

their camp. Pecheneg survivors are taken captive and enlisted into the Byzantine army. February 13 – Al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi is formally proclaimed vizier of

panegyrists, Sayf al-Dawla only had 600 riders to face the much larger Byzantine army. The Arabs caught up with the Byzantines at Gayhan near Marash, and

dispatches a chartoularios named Paul, with imperial instructions for the Byzantine army on the island. Basil is arrested and executed; his head is sent to Leo

method in Europe for naming years. April 19 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army (20,000 men), commanded by Belisarius, is defeated by the Persians at

of Romanus IV Diogenes. In 1069 he was given the command of the main Byzantine army that was protecting the frontier of Mesopotamia while Romanus participated

Bulgarian forces under kavhan (first minister) Theodore Sigritsa defeat the Byzantine army at the outskirts of Constantinople. After the battle, the Bulgarians

pp. 543–568, ISBN 0-521-36289-X Bartusis, Mark C. (1997), The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 0-8122-1620-2

of Mars (Boulder:Westview Press, 1993) 39–55. The Capability of the Byzantine Army for Military Operations in Italy. In: Teodorico e i Goti, ed. by Antonio

original Tzachas' son—is reported as still holding Smyrna when the Byzantine army under John Doukas recaptured the city. The modern Turkish Naval Forces

naming years. War with Sassanid Persia: Emperor Anastasius I sends a Byzantine army (52,000 men) to Armenia, but is defeated. The Romans attempt an unsuccessful

wave of the Turkish movement which inflicted a crushing defeat on the Byzantine army at Manzikert in 1071. Although the Georgians were able to recover from

Komnenos Dynasty. November 7 – Battle of Demetritzes: A reinforced Byzantine army under Alexios Branas decisively defeats William II, ending his invasion

Skleros, and to the eunuch general Peter Phokas, who begin to gather a Byzantine army in Thrace. At the news of this, a powerful Kievan expeditionary force

Funerary inscription of Gaudiosus, officer of the Byzantine army, died in the 6th century at 24 years old and buried near the Basilica of San Saturnino

army against the independent ruler of Thessaly, John I Doukas. The Byzantine army was routed at the Battle of Pharsalus, and Synadenos himself was captured

Tervel. On 30 June 763 the Bulgars under Telets suffered a defeat by the Byzantine army of Constantine V. On 21 June 766 the same emperor's fleet of 2,600 heavy

same year, according to the contemporaneous John Kinnamos, but the Byzantine army routed their united troops on the river Tara in September. The Byzantine

with victory falling to the Latins, who killed or captured much of the Byzantine army. The Latins went on to capture a large amount of weaponry and treasure

Persians are forced into a stalemate. Battle of Cillium: A medium-sized Byzantine army under Solomon is defeated by the Moors on the border of Numidia. Solomon

Constantinople. Skirmishes continue until 716; Emperor Philippicus transfers a Byzantine army from the Opsikion Theme in Asia Minor, to police the Balkan Peninsula

Tervel. On 30 June 763 the Bulgars under Telets suffered a defeat by the Byzantine army of Constantine V. On 21 June 766 the same emperor's fleet of 2,600 heavy

Byzantine army officer

Wolff, "Mortgage and Redemption", p. 64 Bartusis, Mark C. The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453 (1997), p. 27. Nicol, Donald M. The Last

that after Theophilos's death, he assumed the overall command of the Byzantine army and was appointed a member of the regency council for the infant new

but soon it became clear that the pursuing force was not the main Byzantine army. So The Persians, an all-cavalry force numbering 3,000, turned against

the Battle of Marta he advocated attacking the rebel forces, but the Byzantine army was heavily defeated by Carcasan and Antalas, who had once more risen

p. 60. Nicol 1993, pp. 124–125. Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University

storm, with the population killed or enslaved; the city is razed. The Byzantine army takes possession of 390,000 silver dinars, 2,000 camels and 1,400 mules

(kastron) and its guard service. Mark C. Bartusis (1992). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204-1453. Penn, University of Pennsylvania Press

eventually failed, the battle resumed. The Persians already thought of the Byzantine army as a second-rate army; this letter, along with his numerical superiority

when reinforcements under the stratopedarches Peter Phokas arrive. The Byzantine army then moves deeper into Syrian territory — besieging and taking the city

sent envoys to Irene to offer an alliance. He suggested she send a Byzantine army along with Adalgis, the exiled son of Desiderus, to remove the Franks

moved north and was now subject to the Byzantine Empire. In 542, the Byzantine army left Abasgia, and around 548, Abasg Euphrates arrived in Abasgia as

(Voghormats) Ashot was also largely successful in foreign affairs. When a Byzantine army led by the Byzantine emperor John I Tzimiskes entered Taron in 973,

Greece to seek help. In the same year, Stefan Nemanja defeated the Byzantine army of mercenaries near the town of Pantino on Kosovo in which Tihomir drowned

Κατακουζηνᾶτος δὲ. Byzantine Empire portal Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University

introduced. July 1 – Battle of Taginae: Narses crosses the Apennines with a Byzantine army (25,000 men). He is blocked by a Gothic force under king Totila near

returning to Lombard territory or to fight the numerically superior Byzantine Army. Once the envoy was done giving the terms, Hugh Touboeuf, the Norman

the Buyids. Late in 969, John Tzimiskes, a prominent leader of the Byzantine army, assassinated Nikephoros Phokas, then the Byzantine Emperor, and ascended

crane Battle of Sarus, a battle fought in 625 between the East Roman (Byzantine) army, led by Emperor Heraclius, and the Persian general Shahrbaraz Aerocopter

Frederick I progresses with force, by capturing Philippopolis and defeats a Byzantine army (some 3,000 men) that attempts to recapture the city. The Germans are

Lower Moesia. After a few inconclusive skirmishes, Anastasius I sends a Byzantine army (80,000 men) under his nephew Hypatius. Vitalian defeats the Byzantines

Palæologus George Acropolites, Annals Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University

contracts the disease but recovers. Lazic War – Justinian I sends a Byzantine army (30,000 men) to Armenia. The Persians, severely outnumbered, are forced

city of Armenia, is located on the east bank of the river. When the Byzantine army arrived in the province of Shirak in 1041, local Armenian nobles (nakharars)

(1993), p. 158 Ostrogorsky, p. 501 Bartusis, Mark C. (1997), The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 0-8122-1620-2

Gravina left in charge of military operations, managed to defeat a larger Byzantine army raiding the principality in a hard-fought battle soon thereafter, but

the Golan region between late 634 and early 635 as well. After the Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius was routed at the Battle of Yarmouk, Shurahbil

Battle of Manzikert — in which Alp Arslan dealt a crushing defeat to the Byzantine army, capturing the emperor Romanos IV, who was soon deposed and died in

– John II appears before the walls of Antioch, and encamps with the Byzantine army on the north bank of the Orontes River. For several days he besieges

all of the conspirators are arrested. 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at Raqqa (northern Syria)

000 men). He surprises the Bulgarians, who did not expect to find a Byzantine army there, and defeats them decisively. The Bulgars suffer heavy losses

language spoken in Sicily under Muslim rule was Siculo-Arabic. In 1038, a Byzantine army under George Maniakes crossed the strait of Messina. This army included

the Muslims just after Alexandria, in November 643. Retaken by the Byzantine army a few years later, Oea was finally conquered around 680. Even if partially