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Longer titles found: Background radiation equivalent time (view), Cosmic background radiation (view), Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation (view), Diffuse extragalactic background radiation (view)

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X-ray background (192 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The observed X-ray background is thought to result from, at the "soft" end (below 0.3 keV), galactic X-ray emission, the "galactic" X-ray background, and

ionizing surrounding gases and producing radio waves. Cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) from outer space is also a form of cosmic noise. CMBR is thought

Alpher in 1948–50, on estimating the temperature of cosmic microwave background radiation from the Big Bang explosion. Born in the Bronx, New York City, Herman

research from birth to maturity: characterization of the cosmic background radiation, and interferometric gravitational wave observation. In 1973 he made

Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) whose observations of Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) have provided significant insights into cosmology. Jarosik

electromagnetic radiation from the Big Bang, known as cosmic microwave background radiation. Page was born in San Francisco in 1957, and moved through Virginia

cold relative to the expected properties of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR). The "Cold Spot" is approximately 70 μK (0.00007 K) colder

(COBE) mission that discovered the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Bennett led the effort to rebuild the radiometer front-end microwave

quasars, pulsars, and masers. The discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation, regarded as evidence for the Big Bang theory, was made through radio

Known for his research on redshift evolution on the cosmic microwave background radiation, Srianand is a member of the International Astronomical Union and

wrong with our theories on the larger scales. Some anomalies in the background radiation have been reported which are aligned with the plane of our solar

ultra-high-energy (1020 eV) cosmic rays with the photons of the cosmic microwave background radiation. It is thus hoped that the ANITA experiment can help to explain the

gamma ray bursts, quasars, blazars, pulsars, and cosmic microwave background radiation. More generally, astronomy studies everything that originates beyond

and the matter and radiation in it cooled. The cosmic microwave background radiation observed today is "the most perfect black body ever measured in nature"

evolution of the universe and in predicting the existence of a microwave background radiation years before this radiation was serendipitously discovered" and in

of a project to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation. It is a 3.5 m (11 ft) Gregorian telescope. Attached to the telescope

this galaxy, which extends out to 29 kpc before merging with the background radiation. The galaxy appears to be interacting with smaller members of its

in 1964, providing a theoretical basis for the cosmic microwave background radiation and pointing out that this radiation should be experimentally measurable

slowing effect of interactions of the protons with the microwave background radiation over long distances (≈ 160 million light-years). The limit is at

American cosmologist, specializing in the study of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). Wilkinson was born in Hillsdale, Michigan on May 13, 1935

mission spacecraft which measures the temperature of the cosmic background radiation over the full sky with unprecedented accuracy. Hernández-Pellerano

experimental cosmology, measuring polarization in the microwave background radiation whose properties date back to the early universe. After a distinguished

of poetry — The Ghost Ship (1990), The Rooster Mask (1998), and Background Radiation (2007) — he has written critical works on such poets as Seamus Heaney

This article compares the radioactivity release and decay from the Chernobyl disaster with various other events which involved a release of uncontrolled

Kerala. Kerala's coastal belt of Karunagappally is known for high background radiation from thorium-containing monazite sand. In some coastal panchayats

X-ray and maximum local exposure equivalent to less than a year's background radiation. The U.S. BEIR report on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation

microwave background radiation and was eventually explicitly ruled out by WMAP observations. Aguirre, Anthony N. (10 April 2000). "The Cosmic Background Radiation

and the radiation released is still observable as cosmic microwave background radiation. The term comes from an obsolete Middle English philosophical word

this antenna, Penzias and Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) that permeates the universe. This was one of the most important

neutrino floor, planned to operate at SNOLAB due to its extremely low-background radiation environment. Since liquid argon is a scintillating material a particle

is near the strongest frequency component of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB). On observation of 8mm wavelength during clear midnights of

the late stages of cosmological inflation and the cosmic microwave background radiation. Observations constrain the existence of stable domain walls. Models

source of background radiation (the Sun), and been used as a convenient measure. Ten sunshine units are comparable to natural background radiation. One thousand

degrees in high-altitude rocket measurement of cosmic microwave background radiation from Harvard University, where he was a junior fellow. After teaching

the other end is blueshifted. That effect is notable in measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation, due to the motion of the Earth. v t e

cosmology, including formation of large scale structures and cosmic background radiation. He serves as the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris liaison for the

detectors, the background radiation is a problem, which can be solved by placing the laboratory underground so that the background radiation is absorbed

(for example) when analysing the anomalies in the cosmic microwave background radiation (see, pp. 8–9); brain images obtained by positron emission tomography

The Dark Ages Radio Explorer (DARE) is a proposed NASA mission aimed at detecting redshifted line emissions from the earliest neutral hydrogen atoms, formed

Italy Tao Z, Cha Y, Sun Q (July 1999). "[Cancer mortality in high background radiation area of Yangjiang, China, 1979–1995]". Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (in

This List of Cosmological Computation Software catalogs the tools and programs used by scientists in cosmological research. In the past few decades, the

S2CID 18615251. Sunyaev, R. A.; Zeldovich, Ya. B. (1969). "Distortions of the Background Radiation Spectrum". Nature. 223 (5207): 721. Bibcode:1969Natur.223..721S.

were measured the temperature fluctuations of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation are in excellent agreement with this theoretical prediction, thus

through source-counts was reduced by the discovery of the 3K microwave background radiation in the mid-1960s, which essentially confirmed the Big-Bang model

Nobel Prize in Physics in 2006 for his work in cosmic microwave background radiation. Seven of the twelve tracks on the album have lyrics written by Robert

Phoswich applications are frequently seen in sensitive and low-background radiation sensors used in space research. D. T. Wilkinson (1952). "The Phoswich-A

about their detection of the cosmic anisotropy in cosmic microwave background radiation in 1977. Their experiment demonstrated the Doppler shift caused by

Supernova Gamma ray bursts Quasars Blazars Pulsars Cosmic microwave background radiation. Supernova Mineralogic phenomena Lithologic phenomena Rock types

determination of the effects of cosmic bubble collisions on the microwave background radiation and other cosmological observables. Work on the fundamental origin

underground, to isolate the detector from cosmic rays and other background radiation. The field of neutrino astronomy is still very much in its infancy

only extremely weakly radioactive, emitting less than present-day background radiation; materials which were manufactured after atmospheric nuclear explosions

origin and evolution of the universe through research on high-energy background radiation. It collected 3 million seconds of data throughout its lifetime.

infrared radiation. An infrared detector is protected from thermal background radiation outside its optical field of view. These devices are usually cooled

sample, due to increased mineral concentration and reduced nonspecific background radiation. http://jcb.rupress.org/content/39/1/55.full.pdf v t e v t e

Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe mapped the cosmic microwave background radiation in 5 different frequency bands, centered on 23 GHz, 33 GHz, 41 GHz

perfect blackbody spectrum is exhibited by the cosmic microwave background radiation. Hawking radiation is the hypothetical blackbody radiation emitted

dilaton background without additional confounding permutations from background radiation effects. The precise number may be determined by the required cancellation

astronomical position (l = 304°, b = 26°) relative to the microwave background radiation, which, because it is isotropic, provided a frame of reference for

including supernovae explosions, gamma-ray bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation. Branches of astronomy Chemistry – studies the composition, structure

existing locally or even extra terrestrially like the Cosmic microwave background radiation for devices that work in that frequency range. The key to a "good"

gravitational instability, origins of the large-scale structure, microwave background radiation and Big Bang nucleosynthesis. He wrote nearly one hundred research

than 3 kelvins, the approximate temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation, without spending more energy on cooling than is saved in computation

Astrophysics (1909). She is best known for her work on the cosmic microwave background radiation, and interdisciplinary links between cosmology and high-energy physics

Background Radiation, was supervised by Mark Dragovan. Ruhl is an experimentalist in cosmology. He studies the cosmic microwave background radiation and

so large that their temperature is far below that of the cosmic background radiation, which means they will gain energy on net by absorbing this radiation

- Extragalactic background radiation: a meeting in honor of Riccardo Giacconi : proceedings of the Extragalactic Background Radiation Meeting, Baltimore

Although cold, this is thought to be hotter than the cosmic microwave background radiation temperature 1037 years in the future. It is speculated that some

amplitude ratio of the acoustic power spectrum of the Cosmic microwave background radiation. McGaugh found surprising support for the Modified Newtonian dynamics

and include electromagnetic signals prompted by cosmic microwave background radiation, or more localized radio wave noise from nearby electronic devices

transistors and ICs can malfunction due to induced photo-currents. Background radiation from the packaging is also significant. Radiation hardening mitigates

within the Conformal Cyclic Cosmology, and the cosmic microwave background radiation transferring information from pre-Big Bang aeon to ours. He led a

Alpher and Robert C. Herman), Peebles predicted the cosmic microwave background radiation. Along with making major contributions to Big Bang nucleosynthesis

triple coincidence and optimum shielding to suppress penetrating background radiation and incoming UV foreground. JEDI is designed to collect data on "energy

cosmology. The committee called out his research on cosmic microwave background radiation and study of study of Type Ia supernova which increased accuracy

investigate the cosmic background radiation" etc.) cosmic microwave background experiments cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) (CMBR) (CBR) (MBR)

Kerala. Kerala's coastal belt of Karunagappally is known for high background radiation from thorium-containing monazite sand. In some coastal panchayats

charged particles Neutron detector Electron and proton spectrometer Background radiation detector Solid state detector Geiger-Muller counters Magnetometer

surround whole galaxy clusters. However, data from the cosmic microwave background radiation, as measured by the COBE satellite, is highly uniform, and such high-velocity

1989 to 1993. Its goals were to investigate the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB or CMBR) of the universe and provide measurements that would

debris disks, reflection in binary stars and the cosmic microwave background radiation. Astronomical polarimetry observations are carried out either as

astronomy experiment studying polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation QUIET telescope, an instrument for use in the QUIET astronomy experiment

cells. On the macro scale, Rasch uses images of galaxies, the cosmic background radiation to examine our place in the universe. On the sub-atomic level, Rasch

charged particles Neutron detector Electron and proton spectrometer Background radiation detector Solid state detector Geiger-Muller counters Magnetometer

Minimum bit rate Membrane bioreactor, in waste disposal Microwave background radiation, in cosmology Minimum bend radius, for installation of cables and

subsequently confirmed with the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation, which has a measured temperature of 2.725 K.) During his career

reduced and non-reduced background radiation experiment, with one set of samples being kept in a lead box to cut back background radiation, allowing the impact

paper on the cosmic background radiation (relic of the Primordial Fireball) with B. D. Yallop in 1964: Title: The background radiation in homogeneous isotropic

Michael; Jahanian, Farnam; Houston, Geoff (2010-06-09). Internet Background Radiation Revisited (PDF). Internet Measurement Conference. Systems that monitor

effectively remove the interference. The antenna used the galactic background radiation for calibration. The BIRS is oriented to point almost directly at

for their Nobel Prize-winning discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation. On 15 December 1960, the U.S. Post Office issued a postage stamp

background of x-ray radiation across the sky. The uniformity of this background radiation indicated that it originated outside of the Milky Way Galaxy, with

proposals: Multicellular structure formation in response to low level background radiation, a biology experiment Microorganisms with enhanced DNA damage repair

results can be consistent with the isotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation and X-ray backgrounds". In his book he also showed that Alfvén's

flights in 1998 and 1999, were used to map the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. Balloon-borne telescopes have the disadvantage of relatively low

Technology to better determine the temperature of the microwave background radiation. This first radiometer worked at a wavelength 1.25 cm and was operated

interferometry via the medium of alumni. Upon the discovery of the cosmic background radiation: a remarkable observational limit of 1.7 millikelvins, with considerable

as background radiation, can be identified and ignored. The counters are surrounded by lead or steel shielding, to eliminate background radiation and

approach 2.7 K (the blackbody temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation). On a clear night the ground can become colder than the air because

mirror) inside a telescope back and forth in rapid succession because background radiation would change too quickly to measure otherwise. There are two major

Nine-year WMAP image (2012) of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Projected using the Mollweide projection.

1011 100 GHz 160.2 GHz Electromagnetic – peak of cosmic microwave background radiation 845 GHz Fastest transistor (December 2006). 1012 1 terahertz (THz)

1936), transistor George Smoot (SB 1966, PhD 1970), cosmic microwave background radiation Carl E. Wieman (SB 1973), Bose–Einstein condensate Rainer Weiss (SB

temperature 25 meV thermal energy, kBT, at room temperature 230 μeV thermal energy, kBT, at the cosmic microwave background radiation temperature of ~2.7 kelvin

Only fission products would be removed, which would decay to near-background radiation levels in about 500 years compared to conventional spent fuel, which

of galaxies; and precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation suggest it accounts for a significant fraction of the density of

underground laboratories, and use extensive shielding to reduce the background radiation levels from cosmic rays. Early experiments were limited by the remaining

microwave background radiation is another indicator that the universe does not rotate. See: R. B. Partridge (1995). 3 K: The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

which Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered cosmic microwave background radiation in 1965, for which they won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics. Another

horizon of the observable universe (dictated by the cosmic microwave background radiation). Astronomers typically use gigaparsecs to express the sizes of large-scale

Radiological Acquisition Characterization System (TRACS) which maps background radiation. The NYPD SHIELD Unit which provides information and training to

observational evidence, such as redshift surveys and cosmic microwave background radiation. The book is written in a highly accessible style, making it an ideal

promoting preservation of the Gran Sasso environment. Because of its low background radiation, the underground laboratory is used for experiments in particle and

(billion years ago) Event 1 Jan 13.8 Big Bang, as seen through cosmic background radiation, which would have been last emitted 14 minutes after midnight 19

objects such as interstellar gas and dust clouds; the cosmic microwave background radiation which is the redshifted light from the Big Bang; pulsars, which were

principle. Background independence Conjugate diameters Cosmic microwave background radiation Equivalence principle Galilean relativity General relativity including

Traveling 6000 miles (10,000 km) by jet (cancer due to increased background radiation) Such risks are better expressed using the related concept of a microlife

Penzias (1933–2024) American "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation" Robert Woodrow Wilson (b. 1936) 1979 Sheldon Glashow (b. 1932) American

Gravitational-wave astronomy Related articles Aperture synthesis Cosmic microwave background radiation Interferometry Odd radio circle Pulsar timing array Radio propagation

sub-orbital experiment which studied the properties of cosmic microwave background radiation Boomerang (Spacecraft) Boomerang Nebula, a nebula in Centaurus HMS

mechanism for most types of solar radio bursts, which can exceed the background radiation level by several orders of magnitude for brief periods. Langmuir

Brown; T. A. Clark (June 1970). "The spectrum of the extra-galactic background radiation at low radio frequencies" (PDF). Nature. 228 (5274). NASA: 847–849

lower rates. This raises further questions about comparisons to background radiation. The U.S. TSA has also made public various independent safety assessments

magnetic fields of planetary bodies and stars, and the cosmic microwave background radiation. In 3D computer graphics, spherical harmonics play a role in a wide

were discovered, such as quasars (1963), the 3-kelvin microwave background radiation (1965), pulsars (1967), and the first black hole candidates (1981)

in fact, such a black hole would absorb far more cosmic microwave background radiation than it emits.[citation needed] A black hole of 4.5×1022 kg (about

transfer Coriolis frequency Coronal mass ejection Cosmic microwave background radiation Coulomb wave function Cutoff frequency Cutoff wavelength Cymatics

1086/163168. Bond, J. R.; Efstathiou, G. (October 1984). "Cosmic background radiation anisotropies in universes dominated by nonbaryonic dark matter".

"Doomsday", Rose refers to this as the Daleks using the harmless background radiation that is picked up by time travellers as a power source. Neither "Dalek"

hydroxyl masers within the Milky Way, including the amplification of background radiation and the ratio of hydroxyl lines at different frequencies. The population

active detectors to detect and veto charged particles that lead to background radiation. The SPI ACS (AntiCoincidence Shield) consists of a BGO scintillator

the ICM cause distortions in the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), known as the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect. These temperature

IBR may refer to: Image-based modeling and rendering Internet background radiation Integrally bladed rotor, a turbomachinery component Infectious bovine

Anisotropy. The model was chosen in an attempt to describe the microwave background radiation apparent in the universe, and has finite volume and useful spectral

"Interstellar Cyanogen and the Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 413 (2): L67–L71. Bibcode:1993ApJ

information from pre-Big Bang aeon to ours via the cosmic microwave background radiation. This concept assumes a different strategy of the study of the cosmic

spherical projection widely used in observing the cosmic microwave background radiation. FITS also supports tabular data with named columns and multidimensional

"Goodbye, Eniwetok" – an allusion suggesting that increased levels of background radiation from nuclear weapons testing may somehow be responsible for mankind's

used for the computation of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation as part of the physical cosmology program and focuses on predictions

astronomy – including research into pulsars, the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation, gravitational lenses, active galaxies and astrophysical masers.

Spiderweb bolometer for measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech.

the WMAP and Planck experiments to analyze the cosmic microwave background radiation. In works believed to stem from Ancient Greece, the concept of a

observable universe Cosmic mass distribution, see Cosmic microwave background radiation and Large-scale structure of the cosmos Cosmic mass density, see

(Brans–Dicke theory, parametrized post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism, background radiation), Paul A.M. Dirac (graviton, monograph), Tevian Dray (asymptotic

BRET may refer to: Background Radiation Equivalent Time Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

NASA's WMAP satellite completes the first detailed cosmic microwave background radiation map of the universe. The image reveals the universe is 13.7 billion

Spider (polarimeter), an experiment to study the cosmic microwave background radiation Spider, the callsign of the Apollo 9 lunar module Spider, a support

astronomy, from the apparent magnitude scale, to the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation, to gamma ray bursts. Portals: Books Astronomy Stars Spaceflight

Hubble Space Telescope and rhythms derived from the cosmic microwave background radiation, supernovae, quasars, and many other astrophysical phenomena. The

astronomy, from the apparent magnitude scale, to the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation, to gamma ray bursts. Portals: Books Astronomy Stars Spaceflight

Lerner, Eric (1992). "Force-Free Magnetic Filaments and the Cosmic Background Radiation" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. 20 (6): 935. Bibcode:1992ITPS

Elektron satellites. Spring – First recognition of cosmic microwave background radiation as a detectable phenomenon. The discovery and confirmation of the

telescopes, including the AMiBA Telescope to study the cosmic microwave background radiation (also known as "Lee Array"), the Taiwanese-American Occultation Survey

for Theoretical Astrophysics Thesis Anisotropy of the microwave background radiation  (1982) Doctoral advisor Martin Rees Doctoral students Shaun Cole

by layers of lead and polyethylene to provide shielding against background radiation. Between the detection tank and the shielding is a plastic scintillator

loop Coronal radiative losses Coronal seismology Cosmic microwave background radiation Cotton–Mouton effect Coulomb collision Coulomb explosion Columbia

result of the cosmic expansion, and thus forms the cosmic microwave background radiation. This explains the relatively low light densities and energy levels

land to phosphate mining is harmful to the environment, increasing background radiation levels, harming water quality and rendering some areas poorly suited

have these properties. The numerical value of the cosmic microwave background radiation redshift is about z = 1089 (z = 0 corresponds to present time) In

daylight portion of each orbit. However, due to the overwhelming background radiation of the Van Allen Belts, its sensors were saturated, and no useful

gamma-ray bursts, accretion disks, active galaxies, and the microwave background radiation left by the Big Bang. Blumenthal was the chair of the UC Santa Cruz

that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as the cosmic background radiation). Astrobiology – study of evolution, distribution, and future of

Gravitational-wave astronomy Related articles Aperture synthesis Cosmic microwave background radiation Interferometry Odd radio circle Pulsar timing array Radio propagation

unable to detect solar X-rays due to its sensors being saturated by background radiation in the Van Allen radiation belt. Two omnidirectional Geiger counters

smooth initial state at early times (as shown by the cosmic microwave background radiation) to the lumpy distribution of galaxies and their clusters we see

of molecular absorption lines in the direction of quasars. Cosmic background radiation. Search for CO in galaxies with high redshift. Molecular abundance

POLARBEAR project to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation. It is a 3.5 m (11 ft) Gregorian telescope with bolometers cooled

Radar Establishment Viper telescope, used to view mainly cosmic background radiation VIPER (rover), a cancelled NASA lunar rover Vyper, one of the programming

Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds". Astrophysical Journal. 500 (2): 525–553. arXiv:astro-ph/9710327

observations, including: The acoustic peaks in the cosmic microwave background radiation; The accelerating expansion of the universe that is apparent from

faults in individual sensors; on the other hand it accepts more background radiation than a focusing-optics imager (e.g., a refracting or reflecting telescope)

Monmouth Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered the microwave background radiation that permeates the universe using this antenna. This work earned

Light in the Rich Cluster A:2029". The Galactic and Extragalactic Background Radiation. 139: 7. Bibcode:1990IAUS..139..357B. Retrieved 12 March 2023. Lewis

Light in the Rich Cluster A:2029". The Galactic and Extragalactic Background Radiation. 139: 7. Bibcode:1990IAUS..139..357B. Retrieved 12 March 2023. Lewis

the Universe is roughly 2.725 kelvins, due to the Cosmic microwave background radiation, a remnant of the Big Bang. Neptune's moon Triton has a surface temperature

India. He has done an exhaustive study on human health effects of background radiation in coastal areas of Kerala. Nair has also published more than 300

to which Belgians may be exposed, such as medical applications or background radiation; the effective dose that would be emitted in Mol/Dessel; individual

1935, using this model, Milne published a prediction of the cosmic background radiation which appears to be of a much different character than that predicted

Penzias Robert Woodrow Wilson Discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation 1980 Gérard de Vaucouleurs Galaxy classification and cataloging 1983

has contributions from many sources, including: Cosmic microwave background radiation Galactic radiation Earth heating The Sun The Moon Electrical devices

cosmic radiation at different altitudes and the possible variation in background radiation due to the presence of certain minerals in exposed, mountainous rock

Physics 2006 for the discovery of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation Yazdan Yazdanpanah, infectiologist Stefano Zacchiroli, Former Debian

external electromagnetic and quantum phenomena. For example, cosmic background radiation or radioactive decay as measured over short timescales represent

Collisionless Boltzmann Equation CBR – (celestial object) cosmic background radiation CC – (celestial object) candidate companion, a newly detected observed

She works in observational cosmology using the cosmic microwave background radiation to understand the origins and evolution of the universe. In 2024

background radiation an individual was exposed to over the course of their lifetime stored in their bones and teeth to the known background radiation

recombination), at which the photons which compose the cosmic microwave background radiation were last scattered, is often mistaken[neutrality is disputed] as

because it would interfere with plans to measure the Moon's natural background radiation. The existence of Project A119 remained largely secret until the

code. 1965 – Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson find cosmic microwave background radiation, evidence of the Big Bang. 1967 – Kerim Kerimov launches the Cosmos

background at Smolensk NPP and in the nearby area is consistent with background radiation. Hence, Smolensk NPP is an ecologically friendly facility having

(−270.42 °C; −454.76 °F), based on measurements of cosmic microwave background radiation. Standard models of the future expansion of the universe predict

interest in general relativity after the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation. He was also appointed the senior scientist at the Smithsonian Astrophysical

develop a scintillating bolometer with the ability to veto ionizing background radiation. Arnaboldi, C.; et al. (CUORE Collaboration) (2004). "CUORE: a cryogenic

by the NA63 experiment at CERN. Dynamical Casimir effect Cosmic Background Radiation Hawking radiation Black hole thermodynamics Pair production Quantum

measurement and data analyses of the polarization of cosmic microwave background radiation, and for using the data to provide strong constraints on the composition

Sheth, Ravi K. (2013-10-01). "Peak–peak correlations in the cosmic background radiation from cosmic strings". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

oceanic and atmospheric disasters hitting the globe and the extra background radiation causing widespread mutations in humans as well as other living beings

energy end of the primary spectrum and to the origin of the gamma-ray background radiation. His optical group under Scarrott has recently obtained a beautiful

measured through multipole moments in the spectrum of the cosmic background radiation. To date, analysis of the radiation patterns recorded by the WMAP

The Low Background Radiation Experiment studies the effects of reduced radiation environment to biological systems. The Low Background Radiation Experiment

the microwave horn receiver led to the discovery of the microwave background radiation associated with the Big Bang. Radio astronomy has continued to expand

of a shared jacket that released about 130,000 times the level of background radiation at 1 meter distance. In the Acerinox accident of 1998, the Spanish

energy end of the primary spectrum and to the origin of the gamma-ray background radiation. His optical group under Scarrott has recently obtained a beautiful

Gravitational-wave astronomy Related articles Aperture synthesis Cosmic microwave background radiation Interferometry Odd radio circle Pulsar timing array Radio propagation

extragalactic X-ray sky with ROSAT, XMM-Newton and Chandra and resolving the background radiation into individual sources (since 1998) Confirmation that a supermassive

red-shifted by a factor of about 1,000, generates the 3 K cosmic microwave background radiation, which pervades the universe today. Alexander A. Fridman (2008).

natural background radiation and medical practice. The 1.4-mrem dose may also be compared to differences in annual doses in background radiation from living

of the chemical plant, dosimetrists noted a sharp increase in the background radiation. Many industrial buildings, vehicles, concrete and railways were

penetrating capability. This has some similarity to the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) discovered in the 20th century. CMBR is indeed a space-filling

Gravitational-wave astronomy Related articles Aperture synthesis Cosmic microwave background radiation Interferometry Odd radio circle Pulsar timing array Radio propagation

materials for high-density dynamic memory must be selected for low background radiation; a single alpha particle emitted by package material can cause a

"Cosmological implication of a new measurement of the submillimeter background radiation". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 39 (6): 941–948

University University of Chicago Thesis An absolute measurement of the cosmic background radiation temperature at 1.4 GHz Doctoral advisor David Todd Wilkinson

such as photometry and cosmic distance ladder. For example, cosmic background radiation data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope implies that the universe

personnel trained in measuring radioactivity. The unit measures background radiation at set locations and times for comparison. They are also trained

is used to discriminate efficiently between sunlight reflections, background radiation and the radiation from the missile. The DCMAWS consists of a set

Subsequent investigations have found no increase in the natural background radiation in the area. The Apollo 13 accident represents an extreme scenario

Kerala. Kerala's coastal belt of Karunagappally is known for high background radiation from thorium-containing monazite sand. In some coastal panchayats

Physics 2006 for the discovery of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation Stefano Zacchiroli, former Debian project leader Marcel-Paul Schützenberger

stars and demonstration of the diagnostic power of structures in the background radiation” Mathematics Maxim Kontsevich “for their important contributions

radiation exposure rates in the area to be consistent with natural background radiation, except directly over the UNC facility. UNC operated two facilities

Physics 2006 for the discovery of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation Stefano Zacchiroli, former Debian project leader Marcel-Paul Schützenberger

the extra ionizing radiation, with the remainder caused by natural background radiation. The observed cancer rate, though, was quite low at 7 cancer deaths

between the Solar System and the rest frame of the cosmic microwave background radiation of ~368 km/s (see also Resonator Michelson–Morley experiments). In

direction of the Earth's motion relative to the cosmic microwave background radiation. In March 2021, a collaboration of scientists, related to the Event

The power spectrum of the measured cosmic microwave background radiation temperature anisotropy in terms of the angular scale. The solid line is a theoretical

This is far less than the 2.7 K temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Stellar-mass or larger black holes receive more mass from the cosmic

charge accumulates over time at a rate determined by the amount of background radiation at the location where the sample was buried. Stimulating these mineral

warn Black and order him to return to the atomic centre, where the background radiation will make him undetectable to Spectrum. Sighting the SPV from the

Horizons. Rees has made contributions to the origin of cosmic microwave background radiation, as well as to galaxy clustering and formation. His studies of the

non-linear systems, N-body dynamics, stellar dynamics, Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, observational cosmology. In 1960s and early 1970s he directed the

Vega. The Milky Way is moving with respect to the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) in the direction of the constellation Hydra with a speed of

again, and invents a new theory. (New at the time.) Mutation from background radiation does not just strike the sperm and egg making chromosome changes

18, 1996. In 1965, Odon Godart announced the discovery of cosmic background radiation by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson to his former colleague Georges

is particularly well-known for his research on cosmic microwave background radiation, galaxy clustering and weak gravitational lensing, and the implications

included in fitting, as well. Additional fitting parameters may be background radiation level and limited sample size due to which beam footprint at low

bodies", "observers who believe they are perceiving 3 K microwave background radiation through telescopes", "observers who have a memory of coherent experiences"

(launch) – October 2010 (end) Sun-Earth L2 point success cosmic background radiation observations; sent to graveyard orbit after 9 years of use. 2001-027A

fullerenes Robert Woodrow Wilson, 1957, co-discoverer of cosmic microwave background radiation Jay Bailey, BA 1966, PhD 1969, pioneer of biochemical engineering

telescope Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detect the cosmic microwave background radiation, giving support to the theory of the Big Bang (1964) Kerim Kerimov

at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station study cosmic microwave background radiation and neutrinos from space. The largest neutrino detector in the world

led to specific predictions for the corrections to the microwave background radiation, corrections that were then calculated in detail. Starobinsky originally

discovery of blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation. In addition, two University of Maryland alumni are Nobel Prize laureates;

Marek (2003). "Topology of the universe and the cosmic microwave background radiation". In Sanchez, Norma; Parijskij, Yuri (eds.). The early universe and

research into an apparent signal embedded in the Cosmic microwave background radiation. This "prototype", or "beta", generation of gates has a limited range;

that LNH is inconsistent with experimental results for microwave background radiation whereas Canuto and Hsieh argued that it is consistent. One argument