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Michael of Synnada (526 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Michael of Synnada or Michael the Confessor (Greek: Μιχαὴλ ὁ ὁμολογητής; died 23 May 826) was a metropolitan bishop of Synnada from 784/7 to 815. He represented

Khan Tervel (Bulgarian: Тервел) also called Tarvel, or Terval, or Terbelis in some Byzantine sources, was the khan of Bulgaria during the First Bulgarian

Leo IV the Khazar (Greek: Λέων ὁ Χάζαρος, Leōn IV ho Khazaros; 25 January 750 – 8 September 780) was Byzantine emperor from 775 to 780 AD. He was born

The Battle of Garigliano was fought in 915 between Christian forces and the Saracens. Pope John X personally led the Christian forces into battle. The

George Maniakes (Greek: Γεώργιος Μανιάκης, transliterated as Georgios Maniaces, Maniakis, or Maniaches, Italian: Giorgio Maniace; died 1043) was a prominent

Asad Ibn Al-Furat (Arabic: أسد بن الفرات; c.759 – c.828) was a Muslim jurist and theologian in Ifriqiya, who played an important role in the Arab conquest

Giustiniano Participazio (Latin: Agnellus Iustinianus Particiacus; died 829) was the eleventh (traditional) or ninth (historical) Doge of Venice from 825

Leo Apostyppes or Apostoupes (Greek: Λέων ὁ Ἀποστύππης/Ἀποστούπης) was a Byzantine military leader active in the 880s. He appears in 880, as military governor

general John Kourkouas in 934. Like many other protagonists of the Arab–Byzantine Wars, ʿUmar figures in both Arab and Byzantine legend. In the Arab epic

Manjutakin (Arabic: منجوتكين) was a military slave (ghulam) of the Fatimid Caliph al-Aziz (r. 975–996). Of Turkic origin, he became one of the leading

Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (Arabic: أبو أيوب الأنصاري, romanized: Abū Ayyūb al-Anṣārī, Turkish: Ebu Eyyûb el-Ensarî, died c. 674) — born Khalid ibn Zayd ibn Kulayb

The Battle of Caltavuturo was fought in 881 or 882 between the Byzantine Empire and the Aghlabid emirate of Ifriqiya, during the Muslim conquest of Sicily

Leo III the Isaurian (Greek: Λέων ὁ Ἴσαυρος, romanized: Leōn ho Isauros; Latin: Leo Isaurus; c. 685 – 18 June 741), also known as the Syrian, was Byzantine

Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Muḥammad ibn Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam (Arabic: محمد بن مروان) (died 719/720) was an Umayyad prince and one of the most important generals

John Kaminiates (Greek: Ιωάννης Καμινιάτης, fl. tenth century) was a Greek resident of Thessalonica when the city, then one of the largest in the Byzantine

Marianos Argyros (Greek: Μαριανός Ἀργυρός, fl. 944 – 16 August 963) was a Byzantine aristocrat and member of the Argyros family. A monk, in 944 he supported

Bakjur was a Circassian military slave (mamluk or ghulam) who served the Hamdanids of Aleppo and later the Fatimids of Egypt. He seized control of Aleppo

Theodore (Latin: Theodorus, Greek: Θεόδωρος; fl. c. 610 – 636) was the brother (or half-brother) of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius (r. 610–641), a curopalates

Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan ibn Harb ibn Umayya (Arabic: يزيد بن أبي سفيان بن حرب بن أمية, romanized: Yazīd ibn Abī Sufyān ibn Ḥarb ibn Umayya; died 639) was

Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (Arabic: هِشَام ابْن عَبْد الْمَلِك ٱبْن مَرْوَان, romanized: Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān; c. 691 – 6 February

Adi ibn Hatim al-Tai (Arabic: عدي بن حاتم الطائي, romanized: ʿAdī ibn Ḥātim al-Ṭāʾī) was a leader of the Arab tribe of Tayy, and one of the companions

John I Tzimiskes (Greek: Ἰωάννης ὁ Τζιμισκής, romanized: Iōánnēs ho Tzimiskēs; c. 925 – 10 January 976) was the senior Byzantine emperor from 969 to 976

Abu Tamim Ma'ad al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah (Arabic: أبو تميم معد المعزّ لدين الله, romanized: Abū Tamīm Maʿad al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh, lit. 'Glorifier of the

Niketas Oryphas or Oöryphas (Greek: Νικήτας ὁ Ὀρύφας or Ὠορυφᾶς, fl. 860–873) was a distinguished Byzantine official, patrikios, and admiral under the

Ahmad ibn Ziyadat Allah ibn Qurhub, commonly known simply as Ibn Qurhub, ruled Sicily in rebellion against the Fatimid Caliphate, from 913 to 916. He launched

Theophilos (Greek: Θεόφιλος, romanized: Theóphilos; Latin: Theophilus, c. 812  – 20 January 842) was the Byzantine Emperor from 829 until his death in

Usāma ibn Zayd (Arabic: أُسَامَة بن زَيْد) was an early Muslim and companion and adopted grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was the son of Zayd

Leo Phokas or Phocas (Greek: Λέων Φωκᾶς, c. 915–920 – after 971) was a prominent Byzantine general who scored a number of successes in the eastern frontier

Theophilos (Greek: Θεόφιλος, romanized: Theóphilos; Latin: Theophilus, c. 812  – 20 January 842) was the Byzantine Emperor from 829 until his death in

Khalid ibn Barmak (709–781/82; Arabic: خالد بن برمك) was the first prominent member of the Barmakids, an important Buddhist family from Balkh, which converted

Al-Harith ibn Abi’l-ʿAlaʾ Saʿid ibn Hamdan al-Taghlibi (932–968), better known by his pen name Abu Firas al-Hamdani (Arabic: أبو فراس الحمداني), was an

The naval Battle of Ostia took place in 849 in the Tyrrhenian Sea between a Muslim fleet and an Italian league of Papal, Neapolitan, Amalfitan, and Gaetan

Michael III (Greek: Μιχαήλ, translit. Michaḗl; 9/10 January 840 – 24 September 867), also known as Michael the Drunkard, was Byzantine emperor from 842

Damian Dalassenos (Greek: Δαμιανός Δαλασσηνός; ca. 940 – 19 July 998) was a Byzantine aristocrat and the first known member of the Dalassenos noble family

Nasar (Greek: Νάσαρ), originally baptized Basil (Greek: Βασίλειος), was a distinguished Byzantine military leader in the Byzantine–Arab conflicts of the

Chrysocheir (Greek: Χρυσόχειρ), also known as Chrysocheres, Chrysocheris, or Chrysocheiros (Χρυσόχερης/Χρυσόχερις/Χρυσόχειρος), all meaning "goldhand"

Al-Ḥuṣayn ibn Numayr al-Sakūnī (died 5/6 August 686) was a leading general of the early Umayyad Caliphate, from the Sakun subtribe of the Kinda. A man

Al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i (Arabic: الحَسَن بن قَحْطَبَة بن شبيب الطائي) was a senior military leader in the early Abbasid Caliphate. He was

Himerios (Greek: Ὶμέριος), also Himerius, was a Byzantine administrator and admiral of the early 10th century, best known as the commander of the Byzantine

Theophobos (Greek: Θεόφοβος) or Theophobus, originally Nasir (Persian: ناصر), Nasr (نصر), or Nusayr (نصیر), was a commander of the Khurramites who converted

ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān (Arabic: عبد الله بن عبد الملك; in Greek sources Ἀβδελᾶς, Abdelas) was an Umayyad prince, the son of Caliph Abd

Katakalon Kekaumenos (Greek: Κατακαλὼν Κεκαυμένος) was a prominent Byzantine general of the mid-11th century. Katakalon Kekaumenos was born in Koloneia

Theodore or Theodoros Rshtuni (Old Armenian: Թէոդորոս Ռշտունի, romanized: T῾ēodoros Ṙštuni, Armenian pronunciation: [tʰɛodoɾos ərəʃtuni]; AD 590–655 or

Sa'id ibn Hamdan (Arabic: ابو علاء سعيد بن حمدان, romanized: Abu ʿAlāʾ Saʿīd ibn Ḥamdān) was an early member of the Hamdanid dynasty who served as provincial

Constantine IV (Latin: Constantinus; Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος, translit. Kōnstantînos; c. 650 – 10 July 685), called the Younger (Latin: iunior; Greek: ὁ νέος

Theodore Trithyrius (Greek: Θεόδωρος Τριθύριος; died 636), commonly known by his title as Theodore the Sacellarius, was a Byzantine treasurer of the state

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAlī (Arabic: أبو محمد عبد الله بن علي; c. 712 – 764 CE) was a member of the Abbasid dynasty, and played a leading role in

Constantine Dalassenos (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Δαλασσηνός, romanized: Kōnstantinos Dalassēnos) was a prominent Byzantine aristocrat of the first half of the

Khālid ibn Saʿīd ibn al-ʿĀṣ (Arabic: خالد بن سعيد بن العاص; d. 634 CE), also known as Abu Sa'id, was a companion to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a

Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani (Arabic: يزيد بن مزيد الشيباني, romanized: Yazīd ibn Mazyad al-Shaybānī; died 801) was an Arab general and governor who served

Basil I, nicknamed "the Macedonian" (Greek: Βασίλειος ὁ Μακεδών, translit. Basíleios ō Makedṓn; 811 – 29 August 886), was Byzantine emperor from 867 to

Heraclius (Greek: Ἡράκλειος, Herakleios) was the brother of the Byzantine emperor Tiberius III (r. 698–705) and the Byzantine Empire's leading general

Basil I, nicknamed "the Macedonian" (Greek: Βασίλειος ὁ Μακεδών, translit. Basíleios ō Makedṓn; 811 – 29 August 886), was Byzantine emperor from 867 to

Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh (Arabic: أحمد بن كيغلغ) was an Abbasid military officer of Turkic origin who served as governor in Syria and Egypt. He was ousted

Mufarrij ibn Daghfal ibn al-Jarrah al-Tayyi (fl. ca. 977–1013), in some sources erroneously called Daghfal ibn Mufarrij, was an emir of the Jarrahid family

Harthama ibn A'yan (Arabic: هرثمة بن أعين; died June 816) was a Khurasan-born general and governor of the early Abbasid Caliphate, serving under the caliphs

Nicholas Epigingles (Greek: Νικόλαος Ἐπιγίγγλης), better known by his Latinized surname Picingli, was a Byzantine general active in southern Italy and

Rustam ibn Baradu (Arabic: رستم بن بردو) or Rustum ibn Bardu, surnamed al-Farghani ("from Farghana"), was a military commander for the Abbasid Caliphate

Abu'l-Qasim Ali ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi (Arabic: أبو القاسم علي بن الحسن الكلبي, romanized: Abū al-Qāsim ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan al-Kalbī), known to the Byzantine

Justinian II (Latin: Iustinianus; Greek: Ἰουστινιανός, romanized: Ioustinianós; 668/69 – 4 November 711), nicknamed "the Slit-Nosed" (Latin: Rhinotmetus;

Abu Salama Mahmud ibn Nasr ibn Salih Arabic: محمود بن نصر بن صالح المرداسي, romanized: Abū Salama Maḥmūd ibn Naṣr ibn Ṣāliḥ, also known by his laqab (honorific

Umar ibn Hubayra al-Fazari (Arabic: عمر بن هبيرة الفزاري, romanized: ʿUmar ibn Hubayra al-Fazārī; fl. 710–724/726) was a prominent Umayyad general and

Gregory the Patrician (Greek: Γρηγόριος, romanized: Grēgórios; Latin: Flavius Gregorius, died 647) was a Byzantine Exarch of Africa (modern Tunisia, eastern

Constantine Kontomytes or Contomytes (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Κοντομύτης, fl. 841–860) was a Byzantine general and nobleman. As the governor (strategos)

Al-Ḥārith ibn Hishām ibn al-Mughīra ibn ʿAbd Allāh (died 634, 636 or 639), was a companion of Muhammad, a noble of the Banu Makhzum and a participant in

Michael Bourtzes (Greek: Μιχαήλ Βούρτζης, Arabic: Miḥā’īl al-Burdjī; ca. 930/35 – after 996) was a leading Byzantine general of the latter 10th century

Theoktiste of Lesbos (Greek: Θεοκτίστη τῆς Λέσβου) is a saint of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church. According to her hagiography, she

Khālid ibn Saʿīd ibn al-ʿĀṣ (Arabic: خالد بن سعيد بن العاص; d. 634 CE), also known as Abu Sa'id, was a companion to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a

Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi (Arabic: ﺍﺣﻤﺪ بن الحسن الكلبي) was the second Kalbid Emir of Sicily. He was the son of the first Kalbid emir, al-Hasan ibn

Saint Antony the Younger (Greek: Ἀντώνιος ὁ Νέος; 785 – 11 November 865) was a Byzantine military officer who became a monk and saint. He is commemorated

'Alī ibn Yaḥyā al-Armanī (Arabic: علي بن يحيى الأرمني) was a famed Muslim military commander of the mid-9th century, involved in the border warfare with

Alexios Mosele (Greek: Ἀλέξιος Μωσηλέ) or Musele/Mousele (Μουσελέ) was a Byzantine aristocrat and general, chosen by Emperor Theophilos (r. 829–842) for

Michael Spondyles (Greek: Μιχαὴλ Σπονδύλης, Italian: Michele Sfrondilo) was a high-ranking Byzantine courtier who became governor of Antioch, and then

Elpidius or Elpidios (Greek: Ἐλπίδιος) was a Byzantine aristocrat and governor of Sicily, who was accused of conspiring against Empress Irene of Athens

Ujayf ibn Anbasa (Arabic: عجيف بن عنبسة) (died 838) was one of the senior-most military leaders of the Abbasid Caliphate under the caliphs al-Ma'mun and

Valentinus (Greek: Οὐαλεντῖνος, translit. Oualentĩnos or Greek: Βαλεντῖνος, translit. Balentĩnos; died 644 or 645), sometimes anglicized as Valentine,

Peter (Greek: Πέτρος, died 977) was a Byzantine eunuch general. Originally a servant of the powerful Cappadocian Phokas family, he was raised to high military

Eustathios Argyros (Greek: Εὐστάθιος Ἀργυρός; died ca. 910) was a Byzantine aristocrat and one of the most prominent generals under Emperor Leo VI the

Gennadius (Greek: Γεννάδιος, romanized: Gennádios, died c. 665), was a Byzantine general who exercised the role of Exarch of Africa from 648 to 665. In

Leon I of Abkhazia, hereditary prince (Eristavi) of Abkhazia, ruling between 720–740 and a vassal to the Byzantine Emperor. The Divan of the Abkhazian

Niketas, possibly surnamed Abalantes (Greek: Νικήτας [Αβαλάντης]), was a Byzantine military commander who in 964 led a major expedition against the Fatimid

Smbat VI Bagratuni (ca. 670 – 726) was a member of the Bagratuni family who was presiding prince of Armenia with interruptions from 691 to the 710s. During

Theophylact Dalassenos (Greek: Θεοφύλακτος Δαλασσηνός; born before c. 990 – after 1039) was a Byzantine aristocrat who occupied a series of senior military

Constantine Phokas (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος Φωκᾶς; died 953/954) was a Byzantine aristocrat and general. Constantine was the youngest son of Bardas Phokas

Al-Qāsim ibn Hārūn al-Rashīd (Arabic: القاسم بن هارون الرشيد) was an Abbasid prince, the third son of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809),

The 42 Martyrs of Amorium (Greek: οἰ ἅγιοι μβ′ μάρτυρες τοῦ Ἀμορίου) were a group of Byzantine senior officials taken prisoner by the Abbasid Caliphate

Karbeas (Greek: Καρβέας), also Karbaias (Καρβαίας), was a Paulician leader, who, following the anti-Paulician pogroms in 843, abandoned his service in

Yahya ibn al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As (Arabic: يَحْيَى بْنِ الْحَكَم بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاص, romanized: Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥakam ibn Abī al-ʿĀṣ; died before 700) was

Abd al-Rahman ibn Khalid ibn al-Walid (Arabic: عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَن بْنِ خَالِد بْنِ الْوَلِيد, romanized: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Khālid ibn al-Walīd; 616–666)

Michael Melissenos (Greek: Μιχαὴλ Μελισσηνός) was a notable Byzantine aristocrat and general during the reign of Emperor Constantine V (r. 741–775). Michael

between the Byzantines and the Arabs. Miniature from the Madrid Skylitzes Allegiance  Byzantine Empire Rank General Battles/wars Arab–Byzantine wars

Naṣr al-Thamalī (Arabic: نصر الثملي) was an Abbasid military commander and governor (wali or amir) of Tarsus and the borderlands with the Byzantine Empire

Abu Nu'aym Mu'awiya ibn Hudayj ibn Jafna ibn Qatira al-Sakuni al-Tujibi al-Kindi Arabic: معاوية بن حديج بن جفنة بن قتيرة التجيبي, was a general of the

Ṭughj ibn Juff ibn Yiltakīn ibn Fūrān ibn Fūrī ibn Khāqān (died 906) was a Turkic military officer who served the Abbasid Caliphate and the autonomous

Saint Elias of Enna, born John Rachites (Greek: Ἰωάννης Ῥαχίτης; 822/823 in Enna – August 17, 903 in Thessalonica), is venerated as a saint by the Catholic

Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi (Arabic: يعقوب بن إسحاق التميمي) was a pirate in Fatimid service who led a major raid against the Italian coasts, Sardinia and

Niketas was a 7th-century Byzantine officer. He was the son and heir of the Sasanian Persian general and briefly shahanshah, Shahrbaraz. Niketas was the

Thamal al-Dulafi (Arabic: ثمل الدلفي, romanized: Thamal al-Dulafī; fl. 917/8–932) was an Abbasid military commander and longtime governor (wali or amir)

Bardas Parsakoutenos (Greek: Βάρδας Παρσακουτηνός) was a Byzantine commander and nephew of Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas. The family's surname (erroneously

Uddat al-Dawla Abu Taghlib Fadl Allah al-Ghadanfar al-Hamdani (Arabic: عدة الدولة أبو تغلب فضل الله الغضنفر الحمداني, romanized: ʿUddat al-Dawla ʿAbū Taghlib

Niketas, possibly surnamed Abalantes (Greek: Νικήτας [Αβαλάντης]), was a Byzantine military commander who in 964 led a major expedition against the Fatimid

Yazaman or Yazman, surnamed al-Khadim ("the eunuch") (died 23 October 891) was governor of Tarsus for the Abbasids and chief military leader in the Muslim

Muflih al-Saji (Arabic: مفلح الساجي) was a Muslim commander and governor of Adharbayjan (Iranian Azerbaijan) from c. 929 to c. 935. As his nisba indicates

ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Shuʿayb ibn ʿUmar al-Qurṭubī al-Ballūṭī (Arabic: عبد العزيز بن شعيب بن عمر القرطبي البلوطي), known as Kouroupas (Greek: Κουρουπᾶς) in

Ḥabīb ibn Maslama al-Fihrī (Arabic: حبيب بن مسلمة الفهري; c. 617–c. 662) was an Arab general during the Early Muslim conquests, under Mu'awiyah ibn Abi

Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abi al-Husayn al-Kalbi (Arabic: ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ الكلبي, romanized: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī al-Ḥusayn al-Kalbī), known

Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad I ibn al-Aghlab (Arabic: أبو العباس محمد الأول بن الأغلب) (died 856) was the fifth emir of the Aghlabid dynasty, who ruled over Ifriqiya

Euphemius or Euphemios (Greek: Εὐφήμιος) was a Byzantine commander in Sicily, who rebelled against the imperial governor in 826 AD, and invited the Aghlabids

Leo Argyros (Greek: Λέων Ἀργυρός) was a Byzantine aristocrat and general active in the middle of the 9th century, and the founder of the noble family of

Eustathios Argyros (Greek: Εύστάθιος Άργυρός) was a Byzantine admiral under Emperor Leo VI the Wise (r. 886–912). Eustathios Argyros first appears during

Abu'l-Fada'il Sa'id al-Dawla (Arabic: أبو الفضائل سعيد الدولة) was the third Hamdanid ruler of the Emirate of Aleppo. He succeeded his father Sa'd al-Dawla

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAwf (Arabic: عبد الرحمن بن عوف) (c. 581–654): 94, 103  was one of the companions of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. One of the wealthiest

Basil Hexamilites (Greek: Βασίλειος Ἑξαμιλίτης, fl. 956) was a Byzantine military leader who won a major victory against the Hamdanid navy of Tarsus. As

Basil Lekapenos (Greek: Βασίλειος Λεκαπηνός, romanized: Basíleios Lekapēnós; c. 925 – c. 985), also called the Parakoimomenos (ὁ παρακοιμώμενος) or the

ʿUmayr ibn al-Ḥubāb al-Sulamī (Arabic: عمير بن الحباب السلمي) (died 689) was a chieftain of the Banu Sulaym tribe, an erstwhile Umayyad general and a main

Iyad ibn Ghanm ibn Zuhayr al-Fihri (Arabic: عياض بن غنم بن زهير الفهري, romanized: ʿIyāḍ ibn Ghanm ibn Zuhayr al-Fihrī; died 641) was an Arab commander

The patrikios Makroioannes (Greek: Μακροϊωάννης; "long John", evidently a sobriquet) was a Byzantine naval commander who commanded the fleet in the expedition

Nikephoros II Phokas (Greek: Νικηφόρος Φωκᾶς, Nikēphóros Phōkãs; c. 912 – 11 December 969), Latinized Nicephorus II Phocas, was Byzantine emperor from

Abu 'l-Abbas Abdallah II (Arabic: أبو العباس عبد الله, Abū l-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh; died 27 July 903) was the Emir of Ifriqiya from 902 to 903. Mounting reports

Nikephoros Parsakoutenos (Greek: Νικηφόρος Παρσακουτηνός) was a Byzantine nobleman and nephew of Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas (r. 963–969). The family's

Bagrat II Bagratuni (Armenian: Բագրատ Բ Բագրատունի, Arabic: Buqrāṭ ibn Ashūṭ; died after 851) was an Armenian noble of the Bagratid (Bagratuni) family

Muqallid ibn Kamil ibn Mirdas (Arabic: مقلد بن كامل بن مرداس) (fl. 1030–1050) was a member of the Mirdasid dynasty, a commander of the Banu Kilab and at

Abu Muhammad Lu'lu', surnamed al-Kabir ("the Elder") and al-Jarrahi al-Sayfi ("[servant] of the Jarrahids and Sayf al-Dawla"), was a military slave (ghulam)

Nikephoros Ouranos (Greek: Νικηφόρος Οὐρανός; fl. c. 980 – c. 1010), Latinized as Nicephorus Uranus, was a high-ranking Byzantine official and general

Ahmad ibn Tughan al-Ujayfi (Arabic: أحمد بن توغان العجيفي) was the governor of Tarsus, Antioch, and the Abbasid Caliphate's borderlands in Cilicia (al-thughur

Al-Qaʿqāʿ ibn ʿAmr ibn Mālik Al-Tamīmī (Arabic: القعقاع بن عمرو بن مالك التميمي الراعي) was an Arab Muslim commander and general in the Rashidun army who

Safwan ibn al-Mu'attal al-Sulami (Arabic: صَفْوَان بْنِ الْمُعَطَّل السُّلَمِيّ, romanized: Ṣafwān ibn al-Muʿaṭṭal al-Sulamī; d. 638 or 679) was a sahabi

Muflih al-Saji (Arabic: مفلح الساجي) was a Muslim commander and governor of Adharbayjan (Iranian Azerbaijan) from c. 929 to c. 935. As his nisba indicates

Sergios Niketiates (Greek: Σέργιος Νικητιάτης, fl. c. 843) was a senior Byzantine official and member of the Amorian dynasty. He is celebrated as a saint

Theodoulos Parsakoutenos (Greek: Θεόδουλος Παρσακουτηνός) was a Byzantine general who married into the Phokas clan. He was taken prisoner by the Hamdanid

Abdallah ibn Qais (Arabic: عبد الله بن قيس) (Κάϊσος, Kaisos and Ἀβδελᾶς, Abdelas in Greek sources) was an Umayyad military leader active against the Byzantine

Abu Muhammad Lu'lu', surnamed al-Kabir ("the Elder") and al-Jarrahi al-Sayfi ("[servant] of the Jarrahids and Sayf al-Dawla"), was a military slave (ghulam)

Aytākh or Ītākh al-Khazarī (Arabic: إيتاخ الخزري) was a leading commander in the Turkic army of the Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tasim (r. 833-842 C.E.). As the

Malik ibn Kaydar (Arabic: مالك بن كيدر; died 848) was a Sogdian military officer for the Abbasid Caliphate in the ninth century. The son of Kaydar Nasr

Ibn az-Zayyat (Arabic: إبن الزيات) was the governor of Tarsus from ca. 956 until 962 for the Abbasid caliph al-Muti and Hamdanid ruler Sayf al-Dawla. He

Theophilos Kourkouas (Greek: Θεόφιλος Κουρκούας, fl. ca. 920–960s) was a distinguished Byzantine general in the 10th century. He was also the grandfather

Abu Tahir Isma'il (Arabic: أبو طاهر إسماعيل, romanized: Abū Ṭāhir ʾIsmāʿīl; January 914 – 18 March 953), better known by his regnal name al-Mansur Billah

Damian of Tarsus (Greek: Δαμιανός ό Ταρσεύς, Arabic: دميانه الطرسوسي, romanized: Damyanah al-Tarsusi; died 924), surnamed Ghulam Yazman ("slave/page of

John Pitzigaudes (Greek: Ἰωάννης Πιτζιγαῦδης), his surname variously also given as Pitzigaudios (Πιτζιγαύδιος), Pitzogabdes (Πιτζογάβδης), and Pittigaudes

Theodore Parsakoutenos (Greek: Θεόδωρος Παρσακουτηνός) was a Byzantine general in the 960s and nephew of Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas. The family's surname

Bashir or Bushra al-Thamali (Arabic: بشرى الثملي, romanized: Bushrā al-Thamalī) was an Abbasid military commander and governor (wali or amir) of Tarsus

Shu'ayb ibn Ahmad (Arabic: شعيب بن أحمد) was the eighth Emir of Crete, reigning from c. 940–943. The surviving records on the internal history and rulers

Qarghuyah or Qarquya was an important Arab administrator in the Hamdanid Dynasty under Sayf al-Dawla, who would go on to control Aleppo himself and even

John Mystikos (Greek: Ἰωάννης ὁ Μυστικός; fl. ca. 924–946) was a Byzantine official, who served as the chief minister (paradynasteuon) of the empire in

Makīn al-Dawla al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Mulhim ibn Dīnār al-ʿUqaylī (Arabic: مكين الدولة الحسن بن علي بن ملهم بن دينار العقيلي) (fl. 1053–1062), also known

The patrikios Makroioannes (Greek: Μακροϊωάννης; "long John", evidently a sobriquet) was a Byzantine naval commander who commanded the fleet in the expedition

Husayn ibn Hamdan ibn Hamdun ibn al-Harith al-Taghlibi (Arabic: حسين بن حمدان بن حمدون بن الحارث التغلبي) was an early member of the Hamdanid family, who

Zuhayr ibn Qays al-Balawī (Arabic: زهير بن قيس البلوي) (died 688) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and an Arab commander who fought in the

Yazid ibn Abi Kabsha al-Saksaki (Arabic: يزيد بن أبي كبشة السكسكي) was an Arab military commander and provincial governor for the Umayyad Caliphate. He

Manuel the Armenian (Greek: Μανουήλ ὁ Ἀρμένιος), was a prominent Byzantine general of Armenian origin, active from c. 810 until his death. After reaching

Romanos Kourkouas (Greek: Ῥωμανός Κουρκούας) was a Byzantine aristocrat and senior military leader in the mid-10th century. Romanos was a scion of the

Ibn al-Dahhak (d. 927, fortress of al-Ja'fari) was a Kurdish chieftain, who abandoned Islam, converted to Christianity and entered the service of the Byzantine

Abu al-Muhajir Dinar (Arabic: أبو المهاجر دينار) was a governor of Ifriqiya under the Umayyad Caliphate and lead the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. He

Neboulos (Greek: Νέβουλος) was a South Slavic or Bulgar military commander in the service of the Byzantine emperor Justinian II (r. 685–695 and 705–711)

Ali ibn Yusuf ibn Umar (Arabic: علي بن يوسف بن عمر) was the sixth emir of Crete, reigning from c. 915–925. The surviving records on the internal history

Thumāma ibn al-Walīd ibn Qa‘qā al-‘Absi‘ (Arabic: ثمامة بن الوليد بن قعقاع العبسي) was an Arab general of noble lineage from Syria, who served the Abbasid

Abu Mansur Nizar (Arabic: أبو منصور نزار, romanized: Abū Manṣūr Nizār; 10 May 955 – 14 October 996), known by his regnal name as al-Aziz Billah (Arabic:

Yusuf ibn Umar ibn Shu'ayb (Arabic: يوسف بن عمر بن شعيب) was the fifth Emir of Crete, reigning from c. 910–915. The surviving records on the internal history

Muhammad ibn Ali al-Armani (Arabic: محمد بن علي الأرمني) was the son of the Abbasid military commander Ali al-Armani ("Ali the Armenian"), celebrated for

Photios (Greek: Φώτιος, fl. c. 872/3) was a Byzantine renegade and convert to Islam who served the Emirate of Crete as a naval commander in the 870s. Photios

Ali ibn Ahmad (Arabic: علي بن أحمد) was the ninth Emir of Crete, reigning from c. 943–949. The surviving records on the internal history and rulers of

Bishr al-Afshini (Arabic: بشر الأفشيني) was a military commander for the Abbasid Caliphate and the governor (wali) of Tarsus from 912/3 until at least

Badr ibn ʿAbdallāh al-Ḥammāmī (Arabic: بدر بن عبدالله الحمّامي) also known as Badr al-Kabīr ("Badr the Elder"), was a general who served the Tulunids and

Al-Ḥārith ibn al-Ḥakam ibn Abī al-ʿĀṣ ibn Umayya was a senior adviser and cousin of Caliph Uthman (r. 644–656). He played a role in the expedition against

Al-Fadl ibn Qarin al-Tabari (Arabic: الفضل بن قارن الطبري) was a ninth century military commander and provincial governor for the Abbasid Caliphate. He

The patrikios John Rhadenos (Greek: Ἰωάννης Ῥαδηνός, also Ῥαδινός, Ῥωδινός in the sources; fl. 917–921/22) was a Byzantine official and military leader

Thabit ibn Nasr ibn Malik al-Khuza'i (Arabic: ثابت بن نصر الخزاعي) (died 813/14) was an Abbasid general and governor of the Cilician frontier zone (al-thughur

Sa'id ibn Salm al-Bahili was an Arab governor and military commander of the early Abbasid Caliphate. Sa'id was the scion of a prominent family of the Bahila

Al-Fadl ibn Qarin al-Tabari (Arabic: الفضل بن قارن الطبري) was a ninth century military commander and provincial governor for the Abbasid Caliphate. He

The patrikios John Rhadenos (Greek: Ἰωάννης Ῥαδηνός, also Ῥαδινός, Ῥωδινός in the sources; fl. 917–921/22) was a Byzantine official and military leader

Abu'l-Asha'ir Ahmad ibn Nasr (Arabic: أبو الأشاعر أحمد بن نصر) (died 2 November 906) was a military commander for the Abbasid Caliphate and the governor

Romanos Kourkouas (Greek: Ῥωμανός Κουρκούας) was a Byzantine aristocrat and senior military leader in the mid-10th century. Romanos was a scion of the

Ahmad ibn Umar ibn Shu'ayb (Arabic: أحمد بن عمر بن شعيب) was the seventh emir of Crete, reigning from c. 925–940. The surviving records on the internal

Asad al-Dawla Abū Dhūʿaba ʿAṭiyya ibn Ṣāliḥ (Arabic: عطية بن صالح بن مرداس) (died July 1073) was the Mirdasid emir of Aleppo in 1062–1065. Prior to his

Ḥumayd ibn Ma'yūf al-Ḥajūrī (Arabic: حميد بن معيوف الحجوري) was an Arab commander in Abbasid service in the early 9th century. Humayd hailed from an Arab

Yazid ibn Abi Kabsha al-Saksaki (Arabic: يزيد بن أبي كبشة السكسكي) was an Arab military commander and provincial governor for the Umayyad Caliphate. He

Maslama ibn Yahya al-Bajali (Arabic: مسلمة بن يحيى البجلي) was a Khurasani Arab general and governor of the Abbasid Caliphate. He was the brother of Jibril

Urkhuz ibn Ulugh Tarkhan or ibn Yulugh was a Turkish general of the Abbasid Caliphate and governor of Tarsus and of the borderlands with the Byzantine

Abdallah ibn Malik al-Khuza'i (Arabic: عبد الله بن مالك الخزاعي) was Arab senior military leader and provincial governor of the early Abbasid Caliphate

Nasr ibn Musharraf al-Rawadifi (Arabic: نصر بن مشرف الروادفي; died 1032) was an Arab chieftain of the Citadel of Maniqa and Jabal al-Rawadif near Antioch

Krateros (Greek: Κρατερός) was a Byzantine naval commander in the 820s. Very little is known about him. Even his name is unclear, as "Krateros" may be

Al-Ḥasan ibn al-ʿAbbās (Arabic: الحسن بن العباس) was an Aghlabid military commander who fought in Sicily against the Byzantine Empire. He was appointed

Abu Thabit (Arabic: أبو ثابت) served briefly as governor of Tarsus for the Abbasid Caliphate in 900. Governor Ibn al-Ikhshad left him behind in the city

Muflih, surnamed al-Aswad ("the Black") and al-Khadim ("the servant"), was the chief court eunuch under the Abbasid caliph al-Muqtadir (r. 908–932). By

Rashiq al-Nasimi (Arabic: رشيق النسيمي) was the governor of Tarsus for the Hamdanid emir Sayf al-Dawla and Abbasid caliph from 962 until the city's surrender

Abu'l-Faraj al-Tarsusi was a commander from Tarsus who served the Ikhshidids of Egypt. As his nisba indicates, Abu'l-Faraj was originally from Tarsus,

Eustathios (Greek: Εὐστάθιος) was the Byzantine governor (strategos) of the Cibyrrhaeot Theme in ca. 909–912. Eustathios is only mentioned by the De Administrando

Al-Rabīʾ ibn Yūnus ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Farwa (Arabic: الربيع بن يونس بن عبدالله بن أبي فروة; c. 730 – 785/6) was a freedman who became one of the leading

Ruwayfi ibn Thabit al-Ansari (7th century) was the deputy commander of Tripoli for the Egypt-based Umayyad commander Mu'awiya ibn Hudayj. He led the Muslim

Kesta Styppiotes or Stypeiotes (Greek: Κεστά Στυππιώτης/Στυπειώτης; died 11 September 883) was briefly the Domestic of the Schools of the Byzantine Empire

Peter of Goulaion (Greek: Πέτρος τοῦ Γουλαίου or ὁ Γουλαιάτης, romanized: Petros tou Goulaiou/ho Goulaiates) was a Byzantine abbot of the early 9th century

Al-Miqdad ibn Amr al-Bahrani (Arabic: المقداد بن عمرو ٱلْبَهْرَانِيّ, romanized: al-Miqdād ibn ʿAmr al-Bahrānī), better known as al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad

Sharaf al-Maʿālī Abu Manṣūr Anūshtakīn al-Dizbarī (died January 1042) was a Fatimid statesman and general who became the most powerful Fatimid governor

the Arab–Byzantine wars Sack of Aleppo (962), during the Arab–Byzantine wars by general Nikephoros Phokas Siege of Aleppo (969), during the Arab–Byzantine

Jalal al-Mulk Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ammar (Arabic: جلال الملك علي بن محمد بن عمار) was the ruler (qadi) of Tripoli during the First Crusade. Ali belonged

Staurakios Platys (Greek: Σταυράκιος ὁ Πλατύς) was a Byzantine officer who served as the katepano of the Mardaites in the Cibyrrhaeot Theme in ca. 910

Ibn al-Ikhshad or Ibn al-Ikhshid (Arabic: إبن الإخشيد) was the governor of Tarsus for the Abbasid Caliphate from April 898 until his death in battle against

Abu'l-Qasim al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Maghribi (Arabic: أبو القاسم الحسين بن علي المغربي) was a senior statesman of Persian origin in the service of the Abbasid

Michael Toxaras (Greek: Μιχαήλ Τοξαρᾶς) was a Byzantine diplomat. Toxaras is mentioned for the first time as a member of an embassy sent to the Abbasid

Salim ibn Asad ibn Abi Rashid (Arabic: سالم بن أسد بن أبي راشد) was the governor of Sicily for the Fatimid Caliphate for twenty years, from 917 to 937

Pothos Argyros or Argyrus (Greek: Πόθος Ἀργυρός; Italian: Potone Argiro or Poto Argiro) was a Byzantine commander, who served as the catepan of Italy during

Aban ibn Sa'id ibn al-As (Arabic: أبان بن سعيد بن العاص, romanized: Abān ibn Saʿīd ibn al-ʿĀṣ), was one of the scribe companions of the Islamic Prophet

Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (Arabic: يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان, romanized: Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya ibn ʾAbī Sufyān; c. 646 – 11 November 683), commonly

Abu Ali al-Mansur (Arabic: أبو علي المنصور, romanized: Abū ʿAlī al-Manṣūr; 13 August 985 – 13 February 1021), better known by his regnal name al-Hakim

Abu Ja'far Ashinas (Arabic: أبو جعفر أشناس; died 17 or 19 December 844) was a general of the Abbasid caliph Al-Mu'tasim. One of the earliest and most prominent

Abu Sulaym Faraj al-Khadim al-Turki, sometimes erroneously called Faraj ibn Sulaym, was an Abbasid court eunuch and official. In 787, Caliph Harun al-Rashid

Al-Hasan ibn Ahmad ibn Abi Khinzir (Arabic: الحسن بن أحمد بن أبي خنزير; fl. 909–914) was a Fatimid military commander who served as the first Fatimid governor

Sa'id ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (Arabic: سعيد بن عبد الملك بن مروان, romanized: Saʿīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān; died 750), also known as Saʿīd al-Khayr

ʿĀmir ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Jarrāḥ (Arabic: عامر بن عبدالله بن الجراح‎; 583–639 CE), better known as Abū ʿUbayda (Arabic: أبو عبيدة‎) was a Muslim commander

Abu Ja'far Harun ibn Muhammad al-Mahdi (Arabic: أَبُو جَعْفَر هَارُون ٱبْنِ مُحَمَّد ٱلْمَهْدِيّ, romanized: Abū Ja'far Hārūn ibn Muḥammad al-Mahdī) or

Abu Ulwan Thimal ibn Salih ibn Mirdas (Arabic: أبو علوان ثمال بن صالح بن مرداس, romanized: Abū ʿUlwān Thimāl ibn Ṣāliẖ ibn Mirdās; died 1062), also known

Thomas the Slav (Greek: Θωμᾶς ὁ Σλάβος, romanized: Thōmas ho Slavos, c. 760 – October 823) was a 9th-century Byzantine military commander, most notable

Al-Ḥasan ibn ʻAlī Kūrah (Arabic: الحسن بن علي كراه) was a military leader of the Abbasid Caliphate under Caliph al-Mu'tadid. Al-Hasan ibn Ali Kurah first

Abu Ishaq Ibrahim II ibn Ahmad (Arabic: أبو اسحاق ابراهيم الثاني) (27 June 850 – 23 October 902) was the Emir of Ifriqiya. He ruled from 875 until his

Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi (Arabic: خليل بن إسحاق التميمي) was an Arab military commander, in the service of the Fatimid Caliphate as head of the Arab

Abu Abdallah Ja'far ibn Abd al-Wahid ibn Ja'far ibn Sulayman ibn Ali al-Hashimi (Arabic: أبو عبد الله جعفر بن عبد الواحد بن جعفر بن سليمان بن علي الهاشمي)

Ahmad ibn Tulun (Arabic: أحمد بن طولون, romanized: Aḥmad ibn Ṭūlūn‎; c. 20 September 835 – 10 May 884) was the founder of the Tulunid dynasty that ruled

Basil II Porphyrogenitus (Greek: Βασίλειος Πορφυρογέννητος Basileios Porphyrogennetos; 958 – 15 December 1025), nicknamed the Bulgar Slayer (Greek: ὁ Βουλγαροκτόνος

Sabir al-Fata was a freedman who served the Fatimid caliph al-Mahdi Billah as a governor and military commander. As his sobriquet of al-Fata (lit. 'the

Amr ibn al-As ibn Wa'il al-Sahmi (Arabic: عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ بْنِ وَائِل السَّهْمِي, romanized: ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ ibn Wāʾil al-Sahmī; c. 573 – 664) was

Nerseh or Nerses Kamsarakan (Armenian: Ներսեհ Կամսարական) was the presiding prince of Armenia in 689–691, backed by the Byzantine Empire. Armenia had been

Vardan II (died 711), was the Mihranid king of Caucasian Albania from 705 to 711 (together with brother Gagik I). Son of king Varaz Trdat I and Sparama

which features heavily fictionalized versions of events from the Arab–Byzantine wars. In it, al-Mu'tasim helps the heroes pursue the traitor and apostate

Ashot II Bagratuni (Armenian: Աշոտ Բ Բագրատունի) was the presiding prince of Armenia in 685–690, when the country was contested between the Byzantine Empire

Hamazasp Mamikonian (Armenian: Գրիգոր Մամիկոնյան) was the presiding prince of Armenia in 655–661, when the country was under Arab domination. After the

Al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam ibn Khuwaylid al-Asadi (Arabic: الزُّبَيْر بْن الْعَوَّام بْن خُوَيْلِد الأَسَدِيّ, romanized: al-Zubayr ibn al-ʿAwwām ibn Khuwaylid

of Damietta may refer to: Sack of Damietta (853), a part of the Arab–Byzantine wars Siege of Damietta (1169), a part of the Crusader invasions of Egypt

of Nicaea may also refer to: Siege of Nicaea (727), part of the Arab–Byzantine Wars Siege of Nicaea (1113), part of the Byzantine–Seljuk Wars Siege of